Dissertations / Theses: 'Abl2'

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Yang, Yi. "Signal transduction of abscisic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana identification and characterisation of protein interaction partners of ABl2 /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969393997.

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DE, MARCO SOFIA. "STUDY OF THE INTERACTIONS AMONG ARG/ABL2, TGF-β1 AND LOX IN CLEAR CELL RENAL CELL CARCINOMA PROGRESSION." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/263399.

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In circa il 25-30% dei pazienti con carcinoma renale a cellule chiare (ccRCC) la diagnosi viene fatta quando la malattia è già ad uno stadio avanzato e circa il 30% di questi pazienti presenta metastasi ossee. È stato descritto un coinvolgimento del TGF-β1 nel promuovere aggressività, invasione e metastasi ossee nel ccRCC. Noi abbiamo già dimostrato che l'enzima della matrice extracellulare lisil ossidasi (Lox), noto per promuovere la migrazione e l'invasione cellulare attraverso il riarrangiamento del citoscheletro, è overespresso nel ccRCC. Lox, attraverso l'attivazione degli osteoclasti e l'inibizione degli osteoblasti, ha un ruolo chiave nella formazione delle lesioni ossee premetastatiche nel carcinoma mammario e del colon. Noi abbiamo precedentemente evidenziato che la produzione di TGF-β1 è modulata dalla tirosina chinasi Arg nelle cellule tubulari renali umane. Arg modula, attraverso il riarrangiamento del citoscheletro, l'invasione e la metastatizzazione del carcinoma mammario e prostatico. In base a questi dati e utilizzando come modelli in vitro colture cellulari primarie e linee cellulari, abbiamo valutato le interazioni molecolari tra TGF-β1, Lox e Arg in cellule di ccRCC e gli effetti funzionali di queste interazioni sull'invasione tumorale e sul comportamento degli osteoclasti e degli osteoblasti responsabili della formazione di lesioni ossee premetastatiche. L'espressione e la secrezione di TGF-β1 e Lox, e l'espressione della proteina Arg erano aumentate nelle colture primarie di ccRCC rispetto a quelle di cortex normale. Nelle colture di ccRCC la secrezione di TGF-β1 e Lox era positivamente correlata. Il trattamento con TGF-β1 della linea cellulare di ccRCC, 786-O, aumentava l'espressione e la secrezione di Lox e riduceva il livello della proteina Arg. L'inibitore del recettore del TGF-β SB431542 contrastava questi effetti. L'inibizione del signaling Smad-dipendente del TGF-β con SIS3 e dell'attività del proteasoma con MG132 riaumentava il livello della proteina Arg. Il silenziamento di Arg con un siRNA specifico induceva nelle cellule 786-O un aumento della secrezione di TGF-β1 e Lox, contrastata dal trattamento con SB431542. Inoltre, il silenziamento di Arg nelle cellule 786-O ha ridotto l'invasione cellulare valutata con saggio di invasione 3D in collagene, anche in presenza del trattamento con TGF-β1. L'inibizione del signaling di TGF-β1 con SB431542 riduceva l'invasione cellulare anche in cellule silenziate per Arg. Il trattamento con terreni condizionati di cellule 786-O inibiva la proliferazione degli osteoblasti MC3T3-E1 e aumentava la differenziazione osteoclastica delle cellule RAW264.7, come valutato dalla colorazione della fosfatasi acida resistente al tartrato (TRAP). L'inibitore di Lox, βAPN, contrastava parzialmente questi effetti. I risultati preliminari ottenuti utilizzando i terreni condizionati di colture primarie di ccRCC hanno confermato queste osservazioni. Nel complesso questi dati suggeriscono che nelle cellule di ccRCC Arg modula la produzione di Lox mediante secrezione di TGF-β1 che, a sua volta, modula la stabilità della proteina Arg attraverso un pathway Smad-dipendente. La caratterizzazione delle complesse interazioni tra TGF-β1, Lox e Arg che modulano l'invasione delle cellule di ccRCC e il comportamento degli osteoblasti e degli osteoclasti coinvolti nella formazione di lesioni ossee premetastatiche, può far luce sui meccanismi molecolari della progressione del ccRCC.
About 25-30% of clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) patients show an advanced stage of disease at the time of diagnosis, and about 30% of these patients have matastasis affecting bones. An involvement of TGF-β1 in promoting ccRCC aggressiveness, invasion and bone metastasis has been described. We previously showed that the extracellular matrix modifying enzyme lysyl oxidase (Lox), which promotes cell migration and invasion through cytoskeleton rearrangement, was overexpressed in ccRCC. Lox has a key role in formation of premetastatic bone lesions in breast and colon cancer through osteoclast activation and osteoblast inhibition. Previous data evidenced that TGF-β1 production is modulated by Arg tyrosine kinase in human renal tubular cells. Arg modulates, through cytoskeleton rearrangement, invasion and metastasis of breast and prostate cancers. Based on these data and using in vitro models of primary cell cultures and cell lines, we evaluated the molecular interactions among TGF-β1, Lox and Arg in ccRCC cells and the functional effects of these interactions on tumor invasion and osteoclast and osteoblast behavior responsible for premetastatic bone lesion formation. The expression and secretion of TGF-β1 and Lox, and Arg protein expression, were increased in ccRCC versus normal cortex primary cultures. In ccRCC cultures TGF-β1 and Lox secretion were positively correlated. TGF-β1 treatment of ccRCC 786-O cell line upregulated Lox expression and secretion and downregulated Arg protein level. The TGFβ-receptor inhibitor SB431542 reverted these effects. Inhibition of Smad-dependent TGF-β pathway by SIS3 and proteasome activity by MG132 rescued Arg protein level. Arg silencing by siRNA in 786-O cells induced an increment of TGF-β1 and Lox secretion, reverted by SB431542 treatment. Moreover, Arg silencing in 786-O cells decreased cell invasion analyzed by 3D invasion assay in collagen, even in presence of TGF-β1 treatment. TGF-β1 signalling inhibition with SB431542 reduced cell invasion even in Arg silenced cells. Treatment with 786-O conditioned media inhibited MC3T3-E1 osteoblast proliferation and increased osteoclastic differentiation of RAW264.7 cells, as evaluated by TRAP staining. Lox inhibitor βAPN partially reverted these effects. Preliminary results obtained using conditioned media of ccRCC primary cultures confirmed these observations. Overall, these data suggest that in ccRCC cells Arg modulates Lox production by secretion of TGF-β1 that, in turn, modulates Arg protein stability through a Smad-dependent pathway. The characterization of the complex interactions among TGF-β1, Lox and Arg, which modulate ccRCC cell invasion and osteoblast and osteoclast behavior involved in premetastatic bone lesion formation, can shed light on the molecular mechanisms of ccRCC progression.

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ANGELONI, VALENTINA. "Studio e caratterizzazione delle isoforme della tirosino chinasi non recettoriale ARG nel differenziamento neuronale in vitro." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/7823.

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Il gene umano ARG (o ABL2) codifica per una proteina che appartiene alla sottofamiglia Abelson delle tirosino chinasi non recettoriali (Kruh et al.,1990; Perego et al., 1991). Arg in vitrù dei domini di legame alle proteine del citoscheltro (Hernandez et al., 2004a e Miller et al., 2004) e al coinvolgimento, mediante la sua attività chinasica, nei pathway molecolari di riarrangiamento del citoscheletro (Galkin et al., 2005) è attivamente coinvolto nel processo di neuritogenesi e di formazione e funzione delle sinapsi (Koleske et al., 1998). Come per c-Abl anche per Arg sono state descritte, per splicing alternativo dell’esone 1, due isoforme N-terminali (1A e 1B) (Kruh et al., 1990). Nel nostro laboratorio sono state identificate con metodiche di RT-PCR qualitativa nuovi trascritti di Arg che predicono isoforme con diverse estremità 5' e 3' (Perego et al., 2005). Per quanto riguarda le estremità 5' si è dimostrato che l’escissione alternativa dell’esone 2, giustapposto all’esone 1A o 1B, produce quattro diversi trascritti definiti B-Long (BL), B-Short (BS), A-Long (AL) e A-Short (AS) (Perego et al., 2005). Le forme "Long" mantengono l’esone 2 costituito da 63 paia di basi e lo splicing alternativo di questo esone non interrompe l’open reading frame della proteina. All’estremità 3' sono state invece identificate 2 ulteriori isoforme che differiscono per una sequenza, detta ΔCT, di 309 paia di basi corrispondenti a 103 amminoacidi e che sono state definite come "Short" e "Long" (CTS e CTL) a seconda che abbiano perso o meno questa sequenza; la delezione della sequenza ΔCT elimina parte del primo sito legante l’actina (Perego et al., 2005). I trascritti corrispondenti alle diverse estremità 5' e 3' sono differentemente espressi nei vari tipi cellulari e durante la differenziazione mieloide e linfoide (Perego et al., 2005). Combinando i diversi splicing dell’estremità 5' e 3' è possibilie ipotizzare l’esistenza di otto diverse isoforme full-length di Arg (ASCTS, ALCTS, ASCTL, ALCTL, BSCTS, BLCTS, BSCTL e BLCTL), dotate di diversa possibilità di interazione con il citoscheletro e differente coinvolgimento in pathways metabolici. Per dimostrare l’effettiva espressione endogena dei trascritti corrispondenti alle otto diverse isoforrme full-ength di Arg abbiamo prima analizzato, mediante Real-Time PCR, il pattern d’espressione delle diverse estremità 5' e 3' del trascritto di Arg nelle linee cellulari renali Hek 293T e Caki-1. Abbiamo così evidenziato che le estremità 5' sono tutte espresse solo nelle cellule Caki-1, a differenza delle cellule Hek 293T, che esprimono solo le forme B. Le estremità 3' invece sono espresse, anche se con rapporti quantitativi differenti, in entrambe le linee. La linea cellulare Caki-1 è stata quindi utilizzata per dimostrare l’effettiva espressione dei trascritti corrispondenti alle 8 diverse isoforme di Arg mediante cicli sequenziali di PCR (Long e Nested PCR) che utilizzavano combinazioni di diversi primers specifici. La presenza di amplificati della dimensione attesa per le diverse isoforme full-length dimostra, in queste linea cellulare, l’effettiva espressione di tutti 8 i trascritti full-length di Arg predetti. Una volta dimostrata l’esistenza delle otto isoforme di Arg abbiamo cercato di valutarne il coinvolgimento in un modello di differenziamento neuronale "in vitro", basandoci sui dati di letteratura che vedono Arg coinvolto nella neuritogenesi e nella formazione e funzione delle sinapsi (Koleske et al., 1998). Pertanto la linea cellulare di neuroblastoma umano SH-SY5Y è stata indotta al differenziamento per trattamento con ATRA (All-Trans-Retinoic-Acid) e Abeta (peptide amiloidogeno (Aβ1-42)), che come documentato in letteratura è dotata a basse concentrazioni di attività neurotrofica (Susen and Blochl, 2005). L’effetto differenziativo prodotto sulla linea cellulare SH-SY5Y da questi trattamenti è stato documentato mediante analisi morfologica e in immunofluorescenza, mentre tramite Real-Time PCR e western blot si sono quantificati i livelli del trascritto e della proteina di Arg prima e dopo trattamento ed analizzati i livelli di espressione relativa dei trascritti corrispondenti alle diverse estremità 5' e 3', allo scopo di evidenziare eventuali variazioni in corso di differenziamento. Inoltre sulla base dei dati di letteratura che evidenziano il ruolo di Arg come promotore della neuritogenesi in cellule di neuroblastoma N2A (Hernandez et al., 2004b) per attivazione dell’inibitore di Rho p190RhoGAP, in seguito a fosforilazione Arg-dipendente della sua tirosina 1105 (Y1105), è stato analizzato il livello di p190RhoGAP fosforilato in Y1105. Nelle cellule SH-SY5Y, trattate con 20μM ATRA per 6 giorni, Arg sembra essere coinvolto in un pathway neurodifferenziativo p190RhoGAP-dipendente, infatti il trascritto totale di Arg incrementa e sebbene il livello proteico di Arg sia paragonabile a quello delle cellule controllo, il livello di p190RhoGAP fosforilato in Y1105 risulta aumentato. Arg sembra essere coinvolto anche nel processo neurodifferenziativo a cui le cellule SH-SY5Y vanno incontro per trattamento con 0,01μM Abeta per 72 ore, infatti l’analisi mediante Real-Time PCR e western blot ha mostrato un’over-espressione sia del trascritto che della proteina totale di Arg nelle cellule SH-SY5Y trattate con Abeta rispetto alle cellule controllo. Inoltre il pattern di espressione delle isoforme di Arg, analizzato tramite Real-Time PCR, ha mostrato una maggiore espressione del trascritto con estremità 3' di tipo CTL rispetto alla controparte CTS, al contrario di quanto succede nelle cellule controllo. L’analisi del livello di p190RhoGAP fosforilato in tirosina 1105 non mostra però nelle cellule trattate con Abeta una variazione rispetto alle cellule controllo. Questi dati fanno ipotizzare un coinvolgimento di Arg in un pathway di neuritogenesi p190RhoGAP-indipendente, diverso quindi da quello attivato dal trattamento con ATRA nelle cellule SH-SY5Y. Del resto è stato anche descritto che in cellule di neuroblastoma N2A la transfezione di Arg può indurre la neuritogenesi senza indurre inibizione di Rho e quindi attraverso un pathway p190RhoGAP-indipendente (Hernandez et al., 2004b). Ulteriori studi sono in corso per valutare il coinvolgimento di Arg in pathway alternativi a quello di Rho nel processo di neuritogenesi indotto da Abeta. Date le sopra citate caratteristiche di Arg e il suo ruolo nel sistema nervoso centrale visto il ruolo di Abl nel taglio proteolitico del precursore della proteina amiloide (APP) (Perkinton et al., 2004) Abbiamo valutato l’espressione di Arg e delle sue isoforme anche in colture primarie di fibroblasti prelevati da pazienti affetti da Alzheimer rispetto ai controlli sani, riscontrando un’over-espressione del trascritto totale di Arg. Questo dato rappresenta il punto di partenza per studi fututri che mirino a definire il possibile coinvolgimento di Arg nel metabolismo della proteina precursore dall’amiloide APP. Ulteriori studi verranno eseguiti utilizzando concentrazioni potenzialmente neurotossiche di Abeta (2,5μM) per stimolare le cellule SH-SY5Y al fine di valutarne l’effetto sull’espressione delle isoforme di Arg e sulla morfologia cellulare. Per valutare se le otto diverse isoforme full-length di Arg possono avere ruoli diversi nel differenziamento neuronale abbiamo anche approntato studi di tipo funzionale. Transfettando nella linea cellulare SH-SY5Y le otto diverse isoforme di Arg clonate nel vettore di espressione pFlagCMV2. Questi esperimenti hanno evidenziato che le isoforme BLCTL e BSCTL inducono nelle cellule transfettate l’acquisizione di una morfologia più rotondeggiante e una significativa diminuzione dello "spreading cellulare" rispetto alle cellule transfettate con il vettore controllo (LAC Z). L’isoforma BLCTS è invece tra le isoforme B quella che induce una maggiore produzione di protrusioni cellulari quando transfettate nella linea SH-SY5Y. In seguito a transfezione con le isoforme A, normalmente non espresse in questo tipo cellulare, ed in particolare con l’isoforma ALCTS, le cellule sviluppano un fenotipo ricco di estroflessioni di diversa lunghezza e spesso filopodiformi. Dato il ruolo di Arg, documentato in letteratura, nel riarrangiamento del citoscheletro (Galkin et al., 2005), abbiamo voluto poi valutare l’effetto sul citoscheletro di actina e tubulina dell’over-espressione delle isoforme BLCTS e ALCTS, che quando over-espresse inducono in modo più evidente la formazione di estroflessioni cellulari. Dall’analisi in immunofluorescenza delle cellule transfettate con le due isoforme BLCTS e ALCTS è emerso che quando nelle cellule SH-SY5Y viene over-espressa l’isoforma BLCTS la distribuzione dell’F-actina e della tubulina è corticale e paragonabile a quella delle cellule non transfettate mentre nelle cellule che over-esprimono l’isoforma ALCTS l’F-actina ha ancora una distribuzione corticale e paragonabile a quella delle cellule non transfettate, mentre la tubulina si accumula nel citoplasma dove colocalizza con Arg, diffondendo anche nel nucleo. Verranno eseguiti ulteriori studi per approfondire l’effetto dell’over-espressione delle singole isoforme, sia tramite trasfezioni stabili che inducibili delle otto isoforme full-length di Arg.

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Lee, Jennifer Kim. "A Novel Role for Abelson Tyrosine-Protein Kinase 2| Characterization of Abl2 in Regulating Myoblast Proliferation and Muscle Fiber Length." Thesis, New York University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10258043.

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Skeletal muscle generates contractile forces that allow the body to execute movements for walking, speaking and breathing. Although we understand a great deal about the steps of muscle formation, the mechanisms that control muscle size are poorly understood. Even less is known about how muscles interact with skeletal elements, including connective tissue, tendon and bone. This dissertation describes a novel role for Abelson tyrosine-protein kinase 2, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, during muscle development. First, I characterize the defects in skeletal muscle of abl2 mutant mice and show that muscle fibers in the diaphragm and other muscles are extraordinarily long in abl2 mutant mice. As a consequence of expansion of the diaphragm muscle, the central tendon of the diaphragm is proportionally reduced in size. Second, I demonstrate that abl2 controls muscle size by regulating myoblast proliferation. Third, I show that Abl2 acts in myoblasts to attenuate their proliferation, thereby limiting myoblast fusion and muscle fiber size. Fourth, I show that the exercise endurance of abl2 mutant mice is diminished, likely due to the compensatory reduction in size of the diaphragm central tendon. Finally, I provide evidence for signaling between muscle cells and tendon cells that induces tendon cell differentiation.

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Thai, Minh. "RIN1 activates ABL oncoproteins and its required for full BCR-ABL1 mediated transformation." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1790313631&sid=11&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Dasgupta, Yashodhara. "NORMAL ABL1 IS A TUMOR SUPPRESSOR AND THERAPEUTIC TARGET IN BCR-ABL1-POSITIVE LEUKEMIAS." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/239008.

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Biology
Ph.D.
BCR-ABL1 results from t(9;22)(q34;q11) reciprocal translocation resulting in BCR-ABL1 kinase expression, initiating chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP). At the initial stages of CML-CP both oncogenic BCR-ABL1 kinase and normal ABL1 kinase are expressed, however, loss of ABL1 kinase expression in CML-CP can result from an interstitial deletion in the normal chromosome 9 [del(9q34)] which may be combined with the transcriptional silencing of the alternative ABL1 promoter within the translocation eventually leading to disease progression and drug resistance. We found that BCR-ABL1 Abl1-/- cells generated a CML-blast phase (BP)-like disease phenotype in NOD-SCID mice compared to the BCR-ABL1 Abl1+/+ cells. To determine the mechanisms responsible for blastic transformation of BCR-ABL1 Abl1-/- cells, we examined the role of ABL1 in proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, genomic instability, and stemness. The presence of ABL1 inhibited proliferation in BCR-ABL1 cells as BCR-ABL1 Abl1-/- cells had higher clonogenic activity and proliferative rate compared to their wild-type counterparts. ABL1 is essential for myeloid differentiation since BCR-ABL1 Abl1-/- cells showed an immature blast phenotype when stained with Wright-Giemsa and myeloid differentiation markers Gr-1 and CD11b. ABL1 promoted apoptosis in response to genotoxic stress as revealed by reduced clonogenicity and expression of p53, phosphoserine-15 p53 and activated caspase 3 in BCR-ABL1 Abl1+/+ compared to knock-out cells. Although the absence of ABL1 did not enhance ROS and oxidative DNA damage, it appears that an impaired DNA damage response may be responsible for higher chromosome numbers and an accumulation of high numbers of chromosomal aberrations in BCR-ABL1 Abl1-/- cells. We detected an expansion of Lin-c-Kit+Sca-1+ leukemia stem cells (LSCs) in BCR-ABL1 Abl1-/- cells compared to BCR-ABL1 Abl1+/+ or non-transformed counterparts; among the LSCs, there was a higher percentage of CD34-Flt3- long-term and CD34+Flt3- short-term stem cells. These results showed that ABL1 is involved in regulating the LSC compartment in BCR-ABL1 cells. DNA microarray analysis revealed changes in mRNA levels of several genes involved in proliferation, myeloid differentiation, apoptosis, DNA damage response and `stemness' in BCR-ABL1 Abl1-/- cells in comparison to BCR-ABL1 Abl1+/+ cells. Together, these results demonstrate a critical role of ABL1 as a tumor suppressor in BCR-ABL1-induced leukemia, prolonging survival in mice by suppressing proliferation and expansion of LSC, inducing myeloid differentiation, apoptosis and DNA damage response in BCR-ABL1 cells. Loss of ABL1 was also found to contribute to Imatinib resistance in BCR-ABL1 cells. Moreover, we hypothesized that enhancement of the tumor-suppressor function of ABL1 may have a significant impact on CML treatment. A small molecule activator of ABL1 kinase, 5-(1,3-diaryl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)hydantoin (DPH), have been reported to interact with the myristoyl-binding site of ABL1 and destabilize the bent conformation of the á1 helix, thereby preventing the auto-inhibitory conformation. Western blot analysis revealed partially restored activation of ABL1 kinase when Imatinib-treated cells were incubated with DPH. DPH along with Imatinib was found to inhibit viability of BCR-ABL1 Abl1+/+ cells but not BCR-ABL1 Abl1-/- cells demonstrating its ABL1-specific mode of action. DPH when used in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as Imatinib and Ponatinib inhibited growth of CML CD34+ cells, Philadelphia chromosome-positive B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (Ph+B-ALL) cells and relapsed Ph+B-ALL cells harboring T315I mutation without affecting normal counterparts. A similar inhibitory effect was observed when TEL-ABL1-expressing cell lines and NUP214-ABL1-expressing murine bone marrow cells were treated with DPH and Imatinib, as well as Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) cells expressing FLT3-ITD mutation when treated with DPH in combination with AC220 which is the FLT3-ITD inhibitor. In summary, ABL1 is a potential tumor-suppressor in BCR-ABL1-induced leukemia and stimulation of its function may play a significant role in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for CML and other Fusion Tyrosine Kinase (FTK)-mediated hematologic malignancies.
Temple University--Theses

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Maletzke, Saskia [Verfasser], Steffen [Akademischer Betreuer] Koschmieder, and Burkhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Gess. "Die duale Hemmung der BCR-ABL1 Kinase und des Proteasoms als neuer Therapieansatz in der BCR-ABL positiven akuten lymphatischen Leukämie / Saskia Maletzke ; Steffen Koschmieder, Burkhard Gess." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1229991301/34.

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Berglind, Johan, and Markus Hansson. "Låneförbudet i ABL." Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-554.

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I den här uppsatsen har vi undersökt och behandlat låneförbudet som återfinns i ABL 12:7 och i kap 21 i nya ABL. Vi har undersökt om lagen uppfyller sina syften samt vilka syften som lagstiftaren har haft. Intressant är att en ny ABL träder i kraft den 1 januari 2006. Vi har utgått från lagstiftningen och sedan följt upp med rättspraxis och doktrin.

Under arbetets gång upptäckte vi luckor i lagstiftningen vilket medför att syftena bakom lagstiftningen inte kom till sin fulla rätt. Luckorna öppnar möjligheter att kringgå låneförbudet med tämligen enkla metoder. Vi har bland annat undersökt kringgående av lagstiftningen med hjälp utav efterföljande finansiering samt ett kringgående med hjälp av andra rättsobjekt.

Med efterföljande finansiering menas att ett bolag köps med bolagets egna pengar, med hjälp av undantaget för koncernlån. Ett kringgående med hjälp utav andra rättsobjekt kan se ut på lite olika sätt. I vårt arbete har vi använt av oss utav en fysisk person samt ett handelsbolag. Ett kringgående av lagstiftningen möjliggörs genom att andra rättsobjekt än aktiebolag ej lyder under aktiebolagslagen i stora drag.

Dessa handlingar rör sig inom ett grått område inom juridiken och gör låneförbudet till ett tämligen trubbigt redskap.

Eftersom låneförbudet tillhör specialstraffrätten möjliggörs kringgående av lagstiftningen då restriktiv lagtolkning måste användas. Faller en handling inte in ordagrant i vad som står i lagtexten är kringgåendet av låneförbudet både i nya och gamla ABL ett faktum.

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Peters, Elaine. "Holistic Evaluation of Peer Writings by Able and Less Able Readers in Eighth and Tenth Grades." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331667/.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the use of general impression scoring by teachers and students, and to compare the criteria used in evaluating student writings. Subjects for the study were 40 eighth grade and tenth grade students of varying reading ability in regular English classes in a suburban school district. Teachers and students evaluated two sets of writings in the narrative, classificatory and descriptive modes, generated by ninth grade students in regular English classes in the same school district. In addition, a comment, citing criteria upon which evaluation was based, was made on each writing. The design for this study was an extended factorial analysis. A three way analysis of variance was computed for ability and grade for each level of quality of writing in each mode of discourse. Six hypotheses were tested. Hypotheses one and two dealt with comparison of ratings by students who differed by ability and grade. No significant differences were found. Hypotheses three and four dealt with interaction between grade, ability and mode of discourse. No significant interaction was found. Hypotheses five and six dealt with differences in evaluations between teachers and students of varying ability. A significant difference was found in how teachers and students evaluate writing (p .01). Examination of criteria used in evaluating writings indicated that teachers consistently referred to elements of the text. Students also made text-based comments. In addition, students responded subjectively, referring to common experience, interest, and memories cued by the text.

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James, Sarah. "Please stand if you are able." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2499.

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Thesis (M.F.A) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of English. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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MacDonald, Craig. "Able autistic adults' constructions of social disability." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31336.

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Since Wing's (1981) seminal paper, Asperger's syndrome: a clinical account, research into more able or 'high-functioning' individuals with autistic spectrum disorders has tended to focus on children. For adults, limited research has suggested a general trend toward recovery from earlier autistic 'symptoms'. However, continued social isolation and poor levels of social integration have been reported to remain common. This study explored how six able autistic adults (five male; age range 22 to 37 years) understood their experiences of social disability. All participants had prior psychiatric diagnoses of an autistic spectrum disorder (one 'Infantile Autism', five 'Asperger's syndrome'). Candidates requiring residential care and those with a dual-diagnosis of learning disability (mental handicap / mental retardation) or psychiatric illness were excluded. A directed sampling procedure was used and qualitative data were gathered in individual interviews. Grounded theory methodology was used for data selection and transcript analysis. A core construct termed 'Social fit' was identified in the analysis. This represented participants' constructions of disability as a relationship between self and 'others'. Within this construct, an explanatory process model was developed comprising three main categories of experience. These represented, respectively, participants' gradual awareness of personal difference, their revaluation of personal identity and their subsequent understanding of social inclusion. The analysis was discussed in relation to literature on autism and disability theory.

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Spradlin, Cheryl E. Bialeschki M. Deborah. "They are able who think they are able an examination of the relationship between recreation therapy and selected psychological constructs /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,462.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Recreation Administration in the Department of Exercise and Sport Science." Discipline: Recreation Administration; Department/School: Exercise and Sport Science.

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Pereyra, Elías Reneé, Idrogo Juan José Montenegro, and Percy Mayta-Tristan. "Are medical students able to perform multicenter studies?" Medwave Estudios Limitada, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/579916.

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Eargle, Ann. "Always Willing, Always Able: Living Beyond Your Means." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. http://amzn.com/150249910X.

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In Always Willing, Always Able - Living Beyond Your Means, the author offers sensible biblical principles and guidelines for living victoriously. While traipsing through the pages of this book you will find yourself laughing, crying, and even stopping to ponder over some thought-provoking topics. These pivotal keys coupled with inspiring accounts of her own life are for common people who desire a healthy, fulfilling life in spite of circumstances that crop up in the fields of everyday life. You will meet God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit, providing an opportunity to begin your own journey towards understanding each one and truly valuing their existence as you never thought possible. The book was written not because the author believes she has all of the answers; quite the opposite is true. It was written because she had so many questions in her early Christian walk. Questions like how can we possibly live a victorious life while planted in the middle of a chaotic world, and can we really possess the ability to relate to a spiritual being who is larger than life, and even more confusing, a being that cannot be seen with the physical eye? Can this being seriously provide everything that we actually need to survive in a world so full of uncertainty? Through outcomes of various circumstances in life, and woven through each venture, is proof of God’s existence at every twist and turn, even before she had a God thought. Join the author as she walks through some strikingly provocative circumstances not only specific to her own life, but similar conditions readers may have found themselves in the midst of at some point in their own lives. The author shares how it isn’t necessary to be a scholar in order to understand the Bible and its inherent principles. Required only is a genuine will, steadfast desire, great passion, and a heart to understand the truth of the Word. It’s possible to glean pertinent revelation from this amazing book that can and will deliver you from whatever circumstance you view as bigger than life. This book is not for the faint at heart, or those unwilling to change, but written purposely for those who are earnestly seeking something different.
https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1023/thumbnail.jpg

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Domenie, Sanna. "Borgenärsskyddet i ABL : Konkurrenskraftiga regler?" Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-95839.

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Schaller-Schönitz, Michael [Verfasser]. "Der Einfluss von BCR-ABL auf STAT5 in BCR-ABL-positiven Leukämiezellen / Michael Schaller-Schönitz." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1012635929/34.

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Sadeghi, Heydar. "Gait asymmetry in able-bodied subjects using biomechanic data." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq43032.pdf.

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Swist, Frédérique. "Between physics and art : imaging the un-image-able." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2014. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/24106/.

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This thesis explores the ways in which art practice can engage with science, and more precisely, how my own practice interacts with scientific knowledge. The theoretical underpinning and contextual position of the practice make it particularly suited to explore the concept of visuality, here deployed as a shared notion between scientific and artistic production. The artwork testifies to a deep interest in and fascination with the latest research in physics and the complex problems associated with the aesthetic visualisation of scientific concepts related to extreme scale, distance and mathematical abstraction. Through two volumes (a written thesis and supporting material) and an exhibition of artworks, the research asks: how can meaning be translated, transformed, and transfigured between one domain (science) and another (art), using the visual as its mode of mediation? Following an opening survey of the broader field of investigation, looking at past and present literature and practices in the realm of science and art, the thesis analyses my art practice (considered as a hybrid between graphic design, illustration and visual communication) in terms of its immediate context, underlying motivations and methods for the production of art. In its present form, my practice does not fit any of the current sub-domains identified in the landscape of contemporary art, and is often situated outside the dialogues and concerns of fellow practitioners. Nor does it fully belong to the realm of scientific visuality (or of an “aestheticised science”): the field has shown some limitations in relation to art’s own domain of images, where modes of practice are not shared. In this instance the art is often reduced to explaining and communicating science in visual form. In contrast, my practice deploys a more sophisticated engagement with its referent, which needs to be positioned in relation to other practices, and its wider field of enquiry. To address this issue, findings from the initial investigation are reintroduced in order to conduct a reflective analysis through which the practice – argued as distinctive, and yet related to other visual traditions – exposes the problems that exist in the loosely defined domain of “Art and Science”. Taking the position of the reflective practitioner, the thesis demonstrates how the notion of research is intrinsically embedded in the creative process; therefore the enquiry also argues for the production of artworks as artistic research. Through the formation of a three-fold proposition – a method-practice-discourse – the investigation shows how this body of work can participate in, and question, the dominant dialogues in Art and Science. Furthermore, it serves to revisit the conventional views in the study of visuality by articulating an alternative form of engagement between two otherwise specialist domains. Ultimately, the research presents its proposition as a contribution to knowledge by providing a model for both practitioners and scholars.

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Swanepoel, Karel Albertus. "Being a paralympic athlete in an able-bodied world." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11252008-133519.

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Leal, Caio Bruno Quinta de Souza. "AVALIAÇÃO DE DOENÇA RESIDUAL MÍNIMA EM PACIENTES COM LEUCEMIA MIELÓIDE CRÔNICA." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2014. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2387.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:38:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CAIO BRUNO QUINTA DE SOUZA LEAL - PARTE 1.pdf: 34304765 bytes, checksum: 476dda15021939ae8be633403ae9dabe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-31
Monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) in patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) who receive treatment with Imatib mesylate (IM) is extremely important, because it enables the evaluation of the response to the treatment and the early diagnosis of possible recurrences. The objective of this study was to standardize molecular methods used in order to monitor MRD in patients with CML, on therapy with IM. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 11 patients diagnosed with CML in October 2012 to September 2013, in the Department of Hematology of Hospital Araújo Jorge of the Association to Combat Cancer in Goiás. Three months after starting treatment, patients underwent a new peripheral blood collection for evaluation of MRD. Detecting bcr-abl transcripts and endogenous controls (abl and β2m) employed reverse transcription methods associated with polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), while quantification of bcr-abl transcripts was achieved by using reverse transcription associated with real-time PCR (RQ-PCR) and Taqman probes. Specific oligonucleotides and probes recognizing e13a2 and e14a2 junctions of bcr-abl transcripts and to the abl endogenous control were used in this study. By the time of diagnosis, three patients (27.3%) expressed the b2a2 transcript, five patients (45.5%) expressed the b3a2 transcript, two patients (18.2%) expressed both transcripts and one patient (9%) did not express any of the transcripts. The endogenous controls analysis resulted in better amplification for the abl transcript, which was used in the RQ-PCR reactions. The assessment of DRM was possible in only eight patients, due to the loss of follow-up. Three months after starting treatment with IM, all patients presented complete hematologic response. However, only one patient (12.5%) presented the undetectable transcript, reaching the full molecular response, while the other seven patients (87.95%) presented MRD. One (12.5%) of the seven patients who presented MRD, reached complete molecular response, while six patients (75%) presented a reduction of two logs, achieving minor molecular response, and one patient (12.5%) presented only partial molecular response. By using molecular biology methods, our results have enabled the standardization and the establishment of a laboratory routine, according to the international guidelines, for monitoring MRD in patients with CML.
O monitoramento de doença residual mínima (DRM) em pacientes com leucemia meilóide crônica (LMC) que recebem tratamento com mesilato de imatibe (MI) é extremamente relevante, pois possibilita o acompanhamento da resposta e o diagnóstico precoce de eventuais recidivas da doença. O objetivo deste estudo foi padronizar métodos moleculares utilizados na avaliação de DRM em pacientes com LMC, em tratamento com MI. Amostras de sangue periférico foram coletadas de 11 pacientes diagnosticados com LMC, no período de outubro de 2012 a setembro de 2013, no Setor de Hematologia do Hospital Araújo Jorge da Associação de Combate ao Câncer em Goiás. Três meses após o início do tratamento, os pacientes foram submetidos a uma nova coleta de sangue periférico para avaliação de DRM. A detecção dos transcritos bcr-abl e controles endógenos (abl e β2m) empregaram os métodos de transcrição reversa associados à reação em cadeia da polimerase (RT-PCR), enquanto a quantificação dos transcritos bcr-abl foi feita por meio de transcrição reversa associada à PCR em tempo real (RQ-PCR), utilizando a metodologia de sondas de hidrólise (TaqMan). Oligonucleotídeos e sondas Taqman específicos para as junções e13a2 e e14a2 dos transcritos bcr-abl e para o controle endógeno (abl) foram usados neste estudo. Ao diagnóstico, três pacientes (27,3%) expressaram o transcrito b2a2, cinco pacientes (45,5%) o transcrito b3a2, dois pacientes (18,2%) expressaram ambos os transcritos e um paciente (9%) não expressou nenhum dos transcritos. A amplificação dos controles endógenos resultou em melhor amplificação para o transcrito abl, que foi usado nas reações de RQ-PCR. A avaliação de DRM foi possível em oito pacientes, devido à perda de seguimento dos demais. Três meses após o início do tratamento com MI, todos os pacientes apresentaram resposta hematológica completa. No entanto, apenas um paciente (12,5%) apresentou o transcrito bcr-abl indetectável, alcançando a reposta molecular completa, enquanto os outros sete pacientes (87,95%) apresentaram DRM. Dentre os sete pacientes que apresentaram DRM, seis (75%) apresentaram redução de um a dois logs, alcançando resposta molecular menor, enquanto um (12,5%) apresentou resposta molecular parcial. Nossos resultados possibilitaram a padronização e o estabelecimento de uma rotina segundo as diretrizes internacionais, para monitoramento da DRM em pacientes com LMC, utilizando métodos de biologia molecular

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Sjöstrand, Janna. "Jämkningsreglerna i ABL och 36 § AvtL." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15580.

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22

Alexander, Keith. "Projecting proteins and random walks : knotting in open curves via virtual knots." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/f630898a-6e6b-476e-abf2-e9ff95d5671c.

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In this thesis we develop a new method of knot recognition for open curves based on taking many projections and identifying them as virtual knots, an extended class of knotted objects which exist ‘in-between’ classical knot types. We call this method virtual closure. We explore how virtual closure differs from a method we call sphere closure which involves joining the ends of the curve to many far away points, finding that virtual closure is more sensitive to knotting and provides more complex and detailed conformational information. An important distinction we find is between curves which present a single dominant knot type across closures, which we call strongly knotted, and more ambiguous curves which are knotted but with many different knots depending on the closure chosen, which we call weakly knotted. We perform a knotting survey of all proteins in the Protein Data Bank using virtual closure. Compared to previous sphere closure surveys, we find 25% more knotted proteins. Of all the knotted proteins, 40% are found to be weakly knotted under virtual closure, many more than under sphere closure, hinting that the knotting in proteins is more ambiguous than was previously thought. We then investigate the knotting of random walks, finding that weak knotting is very rare in unconfined walks, but increasingly common in isotropically confined walks both on and off-lattice. We determine that weak knotting is essentially length independent, instead depending only on the degree of confinement - the ratio of average radius of gyration of unconfined walks to confined walks of the same length. The greater the degree of confinement, the more likely that knotting is weak. We reduce the number of confined dimensions, moving from walks in the sphere, to the tube and then to slits, finding that overall knotting and weak knotting become less common.

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Brook, Madeleine E. "Popular history and fiction : the myth of August the Strong in German literature, art, and media." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cb7df46e-ab52-4f27-a084-41d7fab5b54e.

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This thesis concerns the function of fiction in the creation of an historical myth and the uses that that myth is put to in a number of periods and differing régimes. Its case study is the popular myth of August the Strong (1670-1733), Elector of Saxony and King of Poland, as a man of extraordinary sexual prowess and the ruler over a magnificent, but frivolous, court in Dresden. It examines the origins of this myth in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century, and its development up to the twenty-first century in German history writing, fiction, art, and media. The image August created for himself in the art, literature, and festivities of his court as an ideal ruler of extremely broad cultural and intellectual interests and high political ambitions and abilities linked him closely with eighteenth-century notions of galanterie. This narrowed the scope of his image later, especially as nineteenth-century historians selected fictional sources and interpreted them as historical sources to present August as an immoral political failure. Although nineteenth-century popular writers exhibited a more varied response to August’s historical role, the negative historiography continued to resonate in later history writing. Ironically, the myth of August the Strong represented an opportunity in the GDR in creating and fostering a sense of identity, first as a socialist state with historical and cultural links to the east, and then by examining Prusso-Saxon history as a uniquely (East) German issue. Finally, the thesis examines the practice of historical re-enactment as it is currently employed in a number of variations on German TV and in literature, and its impact on historical knowledge. The thesis concludes that, while narrative forms are necessary to history and fiction, and fiction is a necessary part of presenting history, inconsistent combinations of the two can undermine the projects of both.

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Rees, Timothy John. "Agrarian society and politics in the province of Badajoz under the Spanish Second Republic, 1931-1936." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a9a57d34-b448-434e-ab32-726a19aeffea.

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This thesis analyses rural social and political conflict in the province of Badajoz (Extremadura) during the Spanish Second Republic of 1931 to 1936. It takes a broad approach to social and political change in a province typical of southern Spain, but focusses particularly on the under-explored role of powerful agrarian elites opposed to the reforms introduced by the new liberal-democratic regime. The study begins with two complementary chapters covering the period 1870-1930; they consider the evolution of the autocratic rural order presided over by the elite and discuss the growth of the challenge to agrian power from organised rural labour. In the following chapters covering in detail the period 1931 to 1936 the partial transformat ion of the rural order that accompanied the transition to the Republic, the subsequent processes of social and political struggle, and the polarisation that followed are documented. A final epilogue considers the Civil War as a rural counter-revolution that involved the resurgence of agrarian autocracy in Badajoz. The thesis draws on a wide range of primary materials, from archives and printed sources to memoirs, and utilizes the relevant secondary literature. In general the study forms part of a movement to reach a deeper understanding of social and political change during the Republic and in particular offers new perspectives on the contribution of the 'agrarian question' to the breakdown of the regime and the origins of the Civil War.

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Webster, Thomas Kuli. "International and national influences on universal primary education policies, with special reference to Papua New Guinea." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/1596bcb4-ab42-4dcb-90f8-9c401b82b165.

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The study examInes factors that have shaped policies for the universalisation of primary education in developing countries with specific reference to Papua New Guinea (pNG). It explores the premise that ideas generated in international policy research influence and shape the educational priorities of developing countries. A review of the related literature highlights the dominance of international donor agencies, particularly in directing the policy discourse that influences decisions on educational problems and possible solutions. It is argued that many such policy prescriptions are increasingly seen to be contextually irrelevant and do not reflect the priorities articulated in context. Nor can they be successfully implemented in the varying situations encountered. A case study of UPE policy formulation in PNG is undertaken to analyse critically the extent of international and national influences in the light of the theoretical review. The case study analysis focuses on three contexts of influence; the shaping of ideas; the production of policy texts; and the implementation of UPE policy. In the context of influence, the study examines how national and international influences have competed for dominance in PNG. In the second context, two key policy texts are analysed, the Education For All (EFA) Plan where an international consultant was engaged and a more home-grown Education Sector Study. Finally the context of practice is explored largely through reflections on experiential knowledge, qualitative interviews with senior administrative officers from the PNG National Department of Education and three Provincial education administrators and a brief survey of provincial education administrators. In the light of the PNG research, a reconsideration of the theoretical literature relating to the concepts of UPE and the effect on policy choices is carried out. A strong case is also made for the conduct and analysis of policy research in PNG and other developing countries.

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Baig, Shabnam Mobeen. "The extracellular matrix in Alzheimer's disease." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/f7eb48ef-9368-4f28-ab12-738fb9e517b5.

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The perineuronal net (PN) is a specialised region of extracellular matrix around some neurons, particularly GABAergic neurons that contain the calcium binding protein, parvalbumin (PV). The negatively charged glycosaminoglycan side chains of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans, a major constituent of the PN, create a polyanionic environment around neurons that is thought to be important in the buffering of ions. Maintaining ion homeostasis around the inhibitory PV-positive neurons is critical in order to sustain their fast-firing rates. Loss or disruption of inhibitory input, particularly to glutamatergic cells could result in excitotoxicity and cell death. The PN is also important in the development, stabilisation and remodelling of synapses, in maintaining the trophic microenvironment around neurons and in synaptic plasticity. Neurodegeneration, the considerable loss of synapses and the inflammatory reaction that occurs in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is likely to affect the PN. Glial cells, activated as part of the inflammatory response to the deposition of Î²-amyloid (AÎ²) and formation of neurofibrillary tangles, release matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that are capable of degrading the PN. This thesis describes studies of PN N-acetylgalactosamine and PV-positive neurons in AD, and their relationship to parenchymal tau, AÎ², microglia, astrocytes, and MMPs-2, -3 and -9. The outcome of these studies showed that the PV-positive neurons tend to be spared in AD but there is degradation of surrounding PNs.

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Kapitan, Daniel. "Laser ablation with copper vapour lasers." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a1dc1a3b-602a-4ebb-abe2-734e8e11f15a.

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The use of copper vapour lasers for laser ablation in laser materials processing applications is studied. To this purpose, the generation of near diffraction-limited beam quality output from a single medium-scale oscillator is demonstrated via matching the total buffer gas pressure to the specific electrical input power loading and the degree of insulation of the plasma tube. The design and characterisation of a Master-Oscillator Power-Amplifier system based on a smallbore oscillator is also described, focusing on pulse stretching techniques to provide efficient seeding required for producing 20-50 W high beam-quality output for laser materials processing purposes. Various experimental studies on the fundamental processes of laser ablation of metals are presented. The effect of the background gas properties on shock-wave formation in laser generated plasmas is studied using a ballistic pendulum. The experimental findings are found to be accurately described by a modified Sedov-Taylor-Von Neumann theory which accounts for the effect of the piston-mass. The theory is applied to characterise the fluorination process in the shock-wave, in view of oxygen isotope analysis in geochemistry. Atomic emission spectroscopy is shown to provide some measure of the electron temperature and electron density at the plasma core. The experimental results are discussed in view of existing models to describe the extreme Stark-broadening and self-absorption in dense, cool plasmas. A comparative study of the use of femtosecond and nanosecond pulsed lasers for laser ablation of metals is presented to assess the relative importance of thermal diffusion. Measurement of the recoil momentum due to ejection of molten particulates during ablation in vacuum provides insight into the effect of material properties. Diffusion-limited surface texturing of metals via direct transfer of an optical interference patterns is demonstrated.

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Heddle, Catherine. "Study of an Arthrobacter sp. esterase able to hydrolyse malathion." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29622.

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A bacterial isolate tentatively identified as an Arthrobacter sp. was isolated from soil using diethylsuccinate as a carbon and energy source. This bacterium was found to have two esterases that were active against diethylsuccinate, malathion and p-nitrophenyl acetate. One of the esterase genes was studied further by shotgun cloning the gene into pUC18, transforming Escherichia coli and identifying the transformant through phenotypic selection. Subcloning identified the region of DNA responsible for encoding the esterase which led to the partial purification of the protein and the determination of its N-terminal sequence. Information from the N-terminal sequence was then used to construct a degenerate oligodeoxyribonucleotide primer to start the sequencing of the gene. Sequencing identified the gene encoding the esterase as 1140bp encoding a protein of 380 amino acids which showed sequence identity of between 34-38% with other carboxyl- and aryl-esterases in the databases. These comparisons also identified a putative active site serine within the motif Ser-X-X-Lys and also the partial motif Gly-X-Ser-X-X. Sequence information facilitated the overexpression of the esterase gene in vector pT7-7 which enabled the protein to be purified. The purified esterase was found to be a monomeric protein of approx. 40kDa. The esterase was found to be inhibited by heavy metals but was stable at pHs in the range 7.4-11 and when stored for long periods at 0 and -20Â°C. The esterase was found to be exclusively a carboxylesterase and preferentially acted on uncharged esters such as diethylsuccinate rather than the charged monoethylsuccinate the degradation of which appeared to be the rate limiting step in the complete hydrolysis of diethylsuccinate to succinate.

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Vause, Tricia. "Relationships between ABLA test performance, auditory matching, and communication ability." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0005/MQ32275.pdf.

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Moreno, Rui Paolo Jinó. "Performance of the ICU are we able to measure it? /." [S.l. : [Groningen] : s.n.] ; [University Library Groningen] [Host], 1997. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/164409947.

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Svensson, Emma. "Förskottsutdelning och anteciperad vinstutdelning : Särskilt om förenligheten med ABLs borgenärsskydd." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-253666.

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32

Smith, K. L. "Co-construction of narrative in verbally able children with autism." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444081/.

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The aim of this paper is to review the research literature on characteristics of narrative in autism in order to specify more clearly the relative abilities and deficits of children with autism in this mode of social communication. The paper first considers how narrative can provide information about the way in which we understand and engage in social exchanges. It then provides a framework for the large body of literature on narrative in typically developing children and this is defined within three parameters of narrative described by Norbury and Bishop (2003). The review considers social communication and pragmatic language in autism before describing in more depth the main studies investigating narrative in autism. It concludes with theoretical implications of narrative ability with autism and reflects upon the value of using narrative as a tool for exploring social understanding.

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Toney, Megan. "Adaptation of locomotor control in able and impaired human walking." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54003.

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Extensive research has documented the stereotypical kinematic and kinetic patterns in healthy human walking, but we have a limited understanding of the neuromechanical control principles that contribute to their execution. Furthermore, the strategies used to adapt human walking to morphological or environmental constraints are poorly understood. After a traumatic injury, like amputation, regaining independent mobility is a primary goal of rehabilitation. Without a clear understanding of the neuromechanical principles governing locomotion, monitoring and quantitatively improving gait rehabilitation outcomes is challenging. The purpose of this doctoral work was to identify controlled variables in able and impaired human walking and to compare the control strategies used to adapt to a novel walking environment both with and without amputation. I apply an uncontrolled manifold (UCM) analysis to test whether likely goal variables of human walking are selectively stabilized through step-to-step variability structure. I found that both able-bodied subjects and subjects with an amputation maintain consistent whole body dynamics and leg power production by exploiting inherent motor abundance. Consistent leg power production is accomplished primarily through step-to-step leg force corrections that are driven by variable timing of ankle torque production. Covariance between ankle and knee torques enable robust motor control in able-bodied individuals, but this stabilizing mechanism is absent in individuals with a transtibial amputation. This coordinated joint torque control also appears to assist able-bodied short-term adaptation, invoked by split-belt treadmill walking. However, loss of ankle motor control and distal sensory feedback due to amputation appears to limit reactive, feedback driven adaptation patterns in subjects with an amputation. Ultimately, this work highlights the role of intact distal sensorimotor function in locomotor control and adaptation. The major findings I present have substantial implications for gait rehabilitation and prosthetic design.

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Santone, Melissa. "A new TLR2 agonist is able to promote cross-presentation." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422606.

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Cross-presentation is the process by which professional Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs) are able to load peptides from an extracellular processed protein into class I molecules, triggering a CD8+ T cells response. How to increase the efficiency of this process is thus an area of great interest for the development of antitumor and antiviral vaccines which are required to stimulate a cytotoxic T cell response. One promising strategy is the use of adjuvants, molecules that are added to vaccines in order to modulate the immune response and increase protection. The discovery that some compounds with adjuvant function are recognized by Toll like receptors (TLRs), receptors involved in pathogen-associated molecular patterns recognition, drove the interest in developing a novel family of vaccine adjuvant based on triggering the TLR pathways. The aim of my PhD project is to investigate if the novel compound, agonist of TLR2 (SMIP2-1), can enhance cross-presentation of soluble antigens to CD8+ T cells. SMIP2-1 is a novel synthetic lipopeptide, identified through two cell-based high throughput screens performed at the Genomic Institute of Novartis Research Foundation, and is currently under evaluation as vaccine adjuvant by Novartis Vaccines. Using mice reconstituted with Ovalbumin (OVA) specific OT-I TCR transgenic cells, as well as unreconstituted wild type mice, immunized with OVA and SMIP2.1, we found that addition of our compound to the vaccine formulation increases CD8+ T cell proliferation, cytokines production, and cytotoxic activity, along with specific antibody production. Moreover, using an OVA expressing tumor model, we show that the CTLs induced by the SMIP2.1 formulated vaccine are able to inhibit tumor growth in vivo. One mechanism by which SMIP2.1 could enhance the immunogenicity of antigens is its ability to increase antigen deposition in the draining lymph node of the site of injection, and the amount of APC that take up the antigen, as we demonstrated by confocal analysis. We then identified which cells populations can cross-present in vitro and we found that both CD8+ and CD8- DCs are able to cross-present when stimulated with SMIP2.1 In order to evaluate the effect of SMIP2.1 on human cells, we used a flow cytometry assay to detect activation of CD8+ T cells isolated from human PBMC of Cytomegalovirus seropositive donors. We found that stimulation with SMIP2.1 is able to greatly increase the capacity of human APC, pulsed in vitro with the pp65 CMV protein, to activate CMV-specific CD8+ T cells. Over all our data demonstrate that vaccination with exogenous antigen formulated with SMIP2.1 is a successful strategy to induce a cytotoxic T cell response along with antibody production.
Si definisce “Cross-presentazione” il meccanismo attraverso il quale le Cellule Presentanti l’Antigene (APCs) sono capaci di catturare, processare e caricare sul complesso MHC di classe I peptidi derivanti da un antigene extracellulare, inducendo una risposta citotossica da parte dei linfociti T CD8+. La risposta citotossica è di particolare importanza per lo sviluppo di vaccini antitumorali e antivirali, per i quali è necessaria un’attivazione delle cellule T CD8+. Come indurre la cross-presentazione ha quindi stimolato grande interesse da parte delle industrie farmaceutiche per lo sviluppo di questi vaccini. Una strategia promettente è l’utilizzo di adiuvanti, molecole aggiunte ai vaccini per modulare la risposta immunitaria e aumentare la protezione. La scoperta che composti con funzioni adiuvanti legassero i recettori di tipo Toll (TLRs), recettori coinvolti nel riconoscimento di motivi molecolari comuni a molti microrganismi patogeni, ha sollevato l’interesse verso lo sviluppo di una nuova famiglia di adiuvanti basati sull’attivazione dei pathways dei TLRs. Lo scopo del mio progetto di Dottorato è investigare se un nuovo composto, agonista del TLR2 (SMIP2.1), può aumentare la cross-presentazione di un antigene esogeno alle cellule T CD8+. SMIP2-1 è un lipopeptide di sintesi, identificato attraverso uno screening effettuato al Genomic Institute of Novartis Research Foundation, che Novartis Vaccines intende utilizzare come adiuvante. Utilizzando Ovalbumina (OVA) come antigene esogeno, abbiamo osservato che l’immunizzazione con OVA + SMIP2.1, sia di topi transgenici con un TCR specifico per OVA che di topi wild type, aumenta la risposta T CD8+ in termini di proliferazione, produzione di citochine e attività citotossica, rispetto a topi vaccinati solo con l’antigene. Inoltre, SMIP2.1 induce un’ottima risposta anticorpale contro l’antigene, caratteristica fondamentale di un adiuvante. Utilizzando cellule tumorali murine che esprimono OVA, abbiamo osservato che la risposta citotossica indotta dall’agonista del TLR2 è capace di inibire la crescita tumorale in vivo. Un meccanismo attraverso cui SMIP2.1 aumenta la risposta immunitaria potrebbe essere la sua abilità di aumentare la deposizione dell’antigene nei linfonodi drenanti sul sito di iniezione e l’uptake dell’antigene da parte delle APCs, come dimostrato dalle osservazioni al microscopio confocale. Abbiamo poi analizzato quale popolazione cellulare può cross-presentare in vitro, scoprendo che sia le cellule dendritiche CD8+ e CD8- sono capaci di cross-presentare dopo stimolazione con SMIP2.1. Per valutare l’effetto dell’agonista del TLR2 su cellule umane, abbiamo usato un’analisi al citofluorimetro per misurare l’attivazione delle cellule T CD8+ isolate dai PBMC di pazienti positivi per il Citomegalovirus. Abbiamo trovato che SMIP2.1 aumenta la capacità delle APC umane, stimolate in vitro con la proteina pp65 del CMV, di attivare una popolazione T CD8+ specifica per il CMV. In conclusione, i nostri dati dimostrano che la vaccinazione con una proteina esogena formulata con SMIP2.1 è una promettente strategia per indurre sia una risposta citotossica che una risposta anticorpale.

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Harnois, Thomas. "Interaction et activation différentielles des petites protéines G de la famille rho par p210bcr-abl et p190bcr-abl." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2258.

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Le chromosome Philadelphie associé à certaines leucémies résulte d'une translocation chromosomique réciproque t (9 ; 22) mettant en phase les gènes Bcr et Abl. Selon le point de cassure dans le gène Bcr, différentes protéines chimériques sont produites, p210bcr-abl responsable de la Leucémie Myéloi͏̈de Chronique (LMC) et p190bcr-abl responsable de la Leucémie Aigüe Lymphoblastique (LAL). La seule différence entre les deux formes de Bcr-Abl est l'absence du domaine DH de Bcr dans la forme p190. Il s'agit d'un domaine d'homologie avec le domaine Dbl, un facteur d'échange pour les GTPases de la famille Rho. Nous avons pu montrer que la chimère p210bcr-abl est capable de lier et d'activer les trois GTPases RhoA, Rac1 et Cdc42. La chimère p190bcr-abl, malgré l'absence du domaine GEF, est capable d'activer Rac1 et Cdc42. Cette activité facteur d'échange observée pour p190bcr-abl semble provenir de partenaires associés à la fois à p210bcr-abl et à p190bcr-abl comme la protéine Vav possédant une activité facteur d'échange pour Rac1 et Cdc42. En revanche, p210bcr-abl est capable par son domaine GEF d'activer directement la petite protéine G RhoA. Ces résultats nous ont permis de mettre en place un modèle hypothétique de régulation de l'activité de ces GTPases par Bcr-Abl au sein des deux pathologies
The Philadelphia chromosome associated with several leukaemia results a reciprocal translocation between the Abl gene on chromosome 9 and the Bcr gene on chromosome 22. Depending on locations of the breakpoint on the BCR genome, there are two alternative forms of BCR-ABL: p210bcr-abl, found in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and p190bcr-abl, found in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). The only difference between both forms of Bcr-Abl is the absence of the DH domain of Bcr in the form p190bcr-abl. The present work showed interactions and activation of Rho family GTPases by Bcr-Abl thanks to techniques of coimmunoprecipitation, pull-down, GEF activity and confocal microscopy. We can demonstrate that p210bcr-abl interacts and activates RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42. In spite of the lack of a GEF domain, the p190bcr-abl is able to activate Rac1 and Cdc42. This GEF activity from p190bcr-abl seems to come from partners associated like Vav protein having an GEF activity from Rac1 and Cdc42. We showed the Vav protein presence in complex in the form activated with Bcr-Abl. In contrast, p210bcr-abl is able to activate directly RhoA by the GEF domain of Bcr. These results allowed to set up a model of development of leukaemia Philadelphia chromosome, in which Rac1 and Cdc42 activated by p190bcr-abl and p210bcr-abl are implicated in the cellular transformation (in inhibition of apoptosis, cell motility and proliferation). Whereas the specific activation of RhoA by p210bcr-abl regulated the myeloid cell differentiation, that is the characteristic during the chronic phase of the CML

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SILVA, David Rafael de Barros. "Modelo de hubbard estendido na cadeia ab2." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2008. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/6257.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T18:03:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo4146_1.pdf: 1109274 bytes, checksum: df5758c186c54ed0c194843a67e9ad8c (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Faculdade de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco
Nesta dissertação estudamos o modelo de Hubbard estendido na cadeia AB2. O hamiltoniano do modelo contém um termo cinético, parametrizado por t, e dois termos de repulsão coulombiana,U (intra-sítio) eV (inter-sítio). Considerando uma simetria de troca local peculiar desta cadeia, bem como simetrias globais do hamiltoniano de Hubbard, utilizamos o método numérico do grupo de renormalização da matriz densidade com condições de contorno abertas e número de estados máximo, M =200, focalizando nossos esforços na determinação do estado fundamental do sistema. Obtivemos o diagrama de fases produzido pela competição entre U e V em condições de semi-preenchimento de banda, um elétron por sítio. Confrontamos nossos resultados, obtidos para um sistema de vinte e quatro células, com aqueles obtidos pelo método de diagonalização exata para um sistema com seis células. Foram identificadas três regiões relevantes: para V . U/4 encontramos uma fase ferrimagnética, que é uma continuação da fase encontrada em V = 0, a qual se enquadra no conhecido teorema de Lieb; para V & U/4, foram caracterizadas regiões de separação de fases com a coexistência de uma região isolante (paramagnética) e metálica (ferromagnética), e uma fase reminiscente daquela encontrada para U = 0. A caracterização das regiões foi realizada através da medida dos perfis de carga e de spin, bem como pelo estudo da energia em função dos parâmetros do modelo

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APONTE, Diego Alejandro Cogollo. "Modelo de Hubbard estendido na cadeia AB2." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2005. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/6786.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T18:07:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo7883_1.pdf: 1570834 bytes, checksum: 8e9d28cb0086107b52e23e67bf307844 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Nesta dissertação estudamos o hamiltonianano estendido de Hubbard através do método de diagonalização exata de Lanczos, em condição de contorno periódica, com foco na caracterização das propriedades magnéticas e de condução do estado fundamental da cadeia quântica AB2, nos diferentes regimes (forte, intermediário, fraco) de repulsão coulombiana local U e intersítio V, em semi-preenchimento da banda. Seguindo o mesmo procedimento caracterizamos o estado fundamental para a cadeia linear, comparando nossos resultados testes com aqueles já reportados na literatura. A inclusão da interação V, não considerada em estudos anteriores na cadeia AB2, deu origem a um novo diagrama de fases no plano (U,V), o qual exibe uma similitude não trivial com o diagrama obtido para a cadeia linear. No regime de acoplamento coulombiano U~>5t e para V<~/4, nosso sistema está numa fase ferrimagnética (FERRI), com a carga homogeneamente distribuída em cada sub-rede, e magnetizações locais < SzA > =~ -0.25 e < SZB > =~ 0.75. Para V~>/4, o sistema se encontra em uma fase onda de densidade de carga com ordem ferromagnética (ODCF), tal que < SzA > =0 e < SZB>=0.5, exibindo um defeito na distribuição de carga. No regime de acoplamento coulombiano U~<5t, o sistema exibe uma fase intermediária com correlação magnética tipo Espiral. Neste regime o spin salta do valor 1/2 por célula unitária, na fase FERRI, para zero na fase Espiral, e de zero ao valor de 1/2 por célula unitária na fase ODCF. Nossa análise de escala de tamanho finito indica que as duas transições são de primeira ordem no campo de spin. Examinamos também a natureza das fases mencionadas com respeito às propriedades de condução, assim como a ocorrência de um ponto multicrítico na linha V≈U /4 para U≈5t

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38

Zeng, Yi. "Optimizing immunity against BCR-ABL positive leukemia." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289963.

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Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a clonal disorder characterized by proliferation of cells expressing BCR-ABL fusion proteins. The BCR-ABL fusion proteins are tumor-specific antigens and represent reasonable targets for immunologic approaches against CML. We have utilized a free-solution-isoelectric focusing technique (FS-IEF) to obtain chaperone rich cell lysates (CRCL) from tumors. We found that CRCL derived from 12B1, an aggressive bcr-abl⁺ murine tumor activated dendritic cells (DCs) by upregulating CD40 and MHC-II on their cell surface and stimulating them to produce interleukin-12 (IL-12). Vaccination of mice with 12B1 CRCL pulsed DCs generated potent, tumor specific, long lasting, CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell dependent immune responses. We have further demonstrated that immunization with 12B1 CRCL induced BCR-ABL specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, indicating that BCR-ABL peptides are chaperoned by CRCL and are cross-presented to CD8⁺ T cells. Moreover, other antigenic peptides may also be present in the antigen repertoire of CRCL and contribute to the superior immunogenicity of 12B1-derived CRCL. To better optimize immunity against CML, we investigated the effects of combining imatinib mesylate with 12B1 CRCL. Imatinib mesylate specifically inhibits BCR-ABL kinase activity and has been very successful in treating patients with CML. However, the development of drug resistance has led to drug combination approaches. We have shown that the combination of imatinib with DCs loaded with 12B1-derived CRCL yielded potent anti-tumor activity. In addition to tumor-derived heat shock proteins, we have also studied the immunogenicity of apoptotic leukemic cells. We have previously reported that vaccination of mice with stressed apoptotic leukemic cells elicited potent anti-tumor immunity. We have found that stressed apoptotic leukemic cells, compared with non-stressed apoptotic ones, have higher capacity to upregulate CD40, CD80, and CD86 on the surface of DCs, to stimulate DCs to secrete IL-12, and to enhance their immunostimulatory functions in a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). These findings demonstrate that apoptotic tumor cells can be immunogenic when stressed, and that DCs play a key role in determining whether a T cell response will be generated.

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Sandström, Glenn. "Ready, Willing and Able : The Divorce Transition in Sweden 1915-1974." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Centrum för befolkningsstudier (CBS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-60216.

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This thesis attempts to extend the historical scope of divorce research in Sweden by providing an analysis ofhow the variations in the divorce rate over time and across geographical areas are connected to the economic, normative and institutional restructuring of Swedish society during the period 1915-1974. The thesis finds that the economic reshaping of Sweden into a modern market economy is at the center of the process that has resulted in decreased marital stability during the twentieth century. The shift from a single- to a dual-provider model and an increased integration of both men and women into market processes outside the family have resulted in lowered economic interdependence between spouses, which in turn has decreased the economic constraints to divorce. This conclusion is supported by the empirical finding that indicators of female economic self-sufficiency are associated with increased propensities for divorce, during the entire period under research in this thesis. That changes in the constraints experienced by women have been important is further emphasized by the finding that women have been more prone than men to initiate divorce, and that this gendered pattern of divorce was established already during the early twentieth century in Sweden.The results further indicate that the growth of divorce is connected not only to a shift in the provider model but also to the way sustained economic growth has resulted in a general increase in the resources available to individuals, as proposed by the socio-economic growth hypothesis. During the 1920s and 1930s, high-strata groups, such as lawyers, journalists, engineers and military officers, exhibited a divorce rate on the same level as in the general population of Sweden today. By the early 1960s, however, this positive associa- tion between social class and divorce had changed: by then it was rather couples in working-class occupations who exhibited the highest probability of divorce, which is a pattern that appears to have persisted since then. These findings indicate that a general increase and more even distribution of economic resources betweenboth genders and social classes have facilitated individuals’ possibilities to sustain themselves independent of family ties. This democratization in the access to divorce has meant that growing segments of the populationhave gained the means to act on a demand for divorce.However, another result of the thesis is that it is not possible to limit the analysis to a strictly economic perspective. Rather, economic changes have interacted with and been reinforced by changes in values, as wellas in institutions, during the periods when widespread and rapid behavioral change has occurred. In Sweden, like in most other Western countries, this was primarily the case during the 1940s and a period covering approximately the second half of the 1960s and first half of the 1970s. The studies of the thesis suggest that these two periods of rapid growth in the divorce rate stand out as periods in Swedish history when attitudes also changed more rapidly toward values that can be regarded as permissive, secular and more open to indi- vidual freedom of choice. Trenchantly, these two periods also correspond to the two harvest periods in Social Democratic welfare state policy. In the thesis it is argued that the marked increase in government services and social security at these time points integrated with and reinforced economic restructuring in a way that worked to “de-familializate” individuals by making them less dependent on family ties for social security. Institutional changes of this type have been particularly important for making single life more feasible for women and low- income groups. In the thesis, it is argued that the timings of substantial behavioral change become difficult to understand if the analytical perspective does not explicitly incorporate how such contextual-level changes in values and institutions have integrated with changes in the provider model and the economy during thesedynamic periods of the divorce transition in Sweden.

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Rönneke-Widerström, Alexander. "Are students in high school able to comprehend Garden-path sentences?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-13244.

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The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not ninth grade students in high school have the ability to comprehend garden-path sentences, and at the same time get an insight into how their unconscious knowledge of linguistic structure above the level of the word works. A part of a test previously used on undergraduate students at an American University was therefore used on four Swedish students at a local high school. The result data was analysed and the research questions was to some extent answered, but the investigation also showed that the study performed was to small too draw any general conclusions from.

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Usmani, Wali Ahmed. "Not able to resist the urge : social insider attacks on Facebook." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/60294.

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Facebook accounts are secured against unauthorized access through passwords, and through device-level security. Those defenses, however, may not be sufficient to prevent social insider attacks, where attackers know their victims, and gain access to their accounts using the victim's device. To characterize these attacks, we ran two Amazon Mechanical Turk studies geographically restricting participant pool to US only. Our major goal was to establish social insider attack prevalence and characteristics to justify a call to action for better protective and preventative countermeasures against it. In the first study involving 1308 participants, we used the list experiment, a quantitative method to estimate that 24% of participants had perpetrated social insider attacks, and that 21% had been victims to it (and knew about it). In the second, qualitative study with 45 participants, we collected stories detailing personal experiences with such attacks. Using thematic analysis, we typified attacks around 5 motivations (fun, curiosity, jealousy, animosity and utility), and explored dimensions associated with each type. Our combined findings indicate a number of trends in social insider attacks. We found that they are common, they can be perpetrated by almost all social relations and often have serious emotional consequences. Effective mitigation would require a variety of approaches as well as better user awareness. Based on the results of our experiments, we propose methodological steps to study the perception of severity of social insider attacks. In this procedure, we include an experimental design of the study and its possible limitations. The study consists of presenting stories collected in the previously mentioned second study to a new cohort of participants. It the asks them to provide a Likert Scale rating and justification for how severe they perceive the attack in the story to be if they were the victim as well as how likely they feel they might be a victim to such an attack. Lastly, we discuss possible future work in creating countermeasures to social insider attacks, their viability and limitations. We conclude that no single technique is complete solution. Instead mitigation will require a number of techniques in combination to be effective.
Science, Faculty of
Computer Science, Department of
Graduate

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Onken, Brian. "Able to teach an analysis of didaktikos in the Pastoral Epistles /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1987. http://www.tren.com.

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Corry, Val. "Academically able boys' perceptions of their learning : a grounded theory analysis." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8094/.

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In one secondary school in Scotland, there was a trend that girls performed significantly better than boys at the more challenging levels of external examinations. The focus of this thesis has been an exploration of 16 to 18-year-old, academically able boys’ perceptions of their learning in this school, to seek an explanation for this phenomenon. The literature review considers the concept of gender in education; the policy landscape and national attainment data in relation to gender and attainment; and the key reviews/studies carried out in this field to provide governments with a deeper understanding of gendered performance, and recommendations for educational professionals to bring about improvements. These reviews/studies focused on all boys and not on this particular subset of academically able boys. A central issue in gender equity in education is the lived experiences of different groups of learners in schools. The stance taken in this research is to consider the learning of selected boys (who are high attaining, or who have the potential to achieve highly academically) from the senior year groups in one school by exploring, through interview, their personal experiences, views, perceptions and opinions about learning: the factors that facilitate and hinder progress in learning. For the case study approach adopted, groups of girls, teachers and parents in the school were also interviewed to triangulate the findings from the boys’ interviews. A grounded theory approach, using methods developed by Strauss and Corbin (1990, 2008) and Glaser (1992), and supplemented by techniques advocated by Charmaz (2014), was used for the interviewing and the analysis of the empirical data collected: using line-by-line coding, conceptualisation, categorisation and theory generation. The advantage of grounded theory is that it is ‘grounded’ in the empirical data. This interpretative approach makes no attempt to select and ‘test’ factors that could be influencing the phenomenon, rather exploring widely to seek understanding from the perspective of the subjects. The grounded theory that emerged from the case study in School A was that these boys realise what is required of them to be successful in their learning, and what hinders their learning, but their success is limited by adopting an essentialist construction of their gender with gender stereotypical characteristics. The phenomenon is not unique to this one school and so a similar case study approach was undertaken in two further schools, Schools B and C, to consider the transferability of the theory emerging from the data collected in School A. School B had a similar gendered attainment profile to School A, whereas in School C there was little or no difference in attainment by gender. The thesis concludes with some recommendations for policy and practice: professional learning of teachers, working with parents on understanding gender, and the privileging of ‘pupil voice’ as a way of exploring issues such as gender.

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Eiler, Brian A. "What it Means to be Interact-able: A Social Affordance Perspective." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1447688671.

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Wang, Chuan. "Development of plough-able RFID sensor network systems for precision agriculture." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/development-of-ploughable-rfid-sensor-network-systems-for-precision-agriculture(d19815ad-8a07-458f-8836-c0ddf7c8dc7a).html.

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There is a growing interest in employing sub-soil sensing systems to support precision agriculture. This thesis presents the design of an RFID sub-soil sensing system which is based on integrating passive RFID technology and sub-soil sensing technology. The proposed RFID sub-soil system comprises of an above-ground RFID reader and a number of RFID sub-soil sensor nodes. The key feature of the system is that the sensor nodes do not require an on-board battery, as they are capable of harvesting energy from the ElectroMagnetic (EM) field generated by the RFID reader. The sensor nodes then transmit sensor measurements to the reader wirelessly through soil. With the proposed RFID sub-soil system, the high path loss of the sub-soil wireless channel is a significant problem which leads to the challenge for the system to achieve an acceptable Quality of Service (QoS). In this project, the path loss in soil has been characterised through CST simulations. In the simulations, the effect of the soil on the sensor node antenna has also been investigated. This thesis also presents the design and implementation of a programmable RFID reader platform and an embedded RFID sensor node prototype. The RFID reader platform is implemented using a National Instruments (NI) PXI system, and it is configured and controlled by NI LabVIEW software. The sensor node prototype is capable of harvesting RF energy and transmitting sensor measurements from a temperature sensor through backscatter communication. A series of sub-soil experiments have been carried out to evaluate the performance of the RFID sensor node prototype using the PXI-based RFID reader platform. The experimental results are presented and analysed in this thesis. Additionally, this work has explored trade-offs in the system design, and these design trade-offs are summarised and described.

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Martinsson, Erik. "Förenklade regler i ABL : För små privata aktiebolag." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Commercial Law, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12248.

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Den som vill bedriva näringsverksamhet i Sverige kan välja mellan olika bolagsformer, däribland enskild firma, handelsbolag eller aktiebolag. Det finns två typer av aktiebolag, privata och publika, de regleras av bestämmelserna i aktiebolagslagen och aktiebolagsförordningen. Bestämmelserna i dessa författningar härstammar till viss del från de bolagsrättsliga direktiv som EU har beslutat ska gälla inom unionen.

Det sker ständiga förändringar på bolagsrättens område, både avseende de gemenskapsrättsliga reglerna från EU och de nationella bestämmelserna i Sverige. Europeiska kommissionen har ansett det som nödvändigt att även se över samtliga bolagsdirektiv för att underlätta det administrativa arbete som åligger, framförallt, mindre bolag inom unionen. Kommissionen ansåg även i samma utredning det angeläget att varje medlemsstat såg över deras nationella regelverk för att minska den administrativa bördan för små bolag.

Sveriges regering utfärdade i september 2007 ett direktiv till syfte att minska den administrativa bördan och skapa enklare regler för små privata aktiebolag. Utredningens resultat var färdigt i april 2009 och presenterades i SOU 2009:34. Resultatet av utredningen omfattar flertalet förändringar vad gäller såväl aktiebolagslagen som aktiebolagsförordningen. Det är målsättningen regeringen hade med utredningen och de förenklingar som föreslås som är föremål för denna uppsats. Syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera tre av förändringarna och förenklingarna. De tre områden som kommer att behandlas i denna uppsats är bolagets bildande, aktiebrev och aktiebok samt bolagets organisation. Uppsatsen kommer att utgå ifrån den målsättning regeringen hade när de tillsatte en utredning nämligen att minska små privata aktiebolags administrativa bördor och kostnader, att få ekonomisk tillväxt och ökad sysselsättning samt att de förenklingar som föreslås inte får sänka skyddet för borgenärer, arbetet mot ekonomisk brottslighet eller skattekontroll.

De slutsatser som presenteras i denna uppsats är att förenklingarna som utredningen har föreslagit uppfyller den målsättning som regeringen hade när de tillsatte en utredare. Enligt författarens mening finns det dock vissa andra områden som utredaren kunde ha undersökt då det finns en tydlig problematik avseende bland annat möjligheter till utträde ur ett privat aktiebolag. Det ska även nämnas att utredningen enbart behandlar de bolagsrättsliga reglerna, det finns andra regler som kan vara av intresse att utreda, till exempel skatteregler för privata aktiebolag.

A person who wants to run business in Sweden can choose between different types of associations, including sole trading, partnerships or limited liability companies. There are two types of limited liability companies in Sweden, private and public, which are governed by the provisions of the Companies Act and the Companies ordinance. Parts of the provisions in these two regulations are derived from directives on corporate law that the EU has decided shall apply in the union.

There are constant changes in corporate law regarding both the legal provisions from the EU and due to changes in the national legislation in Sweden. The European Commission has considered it necessary to review all corporate law directives in order to ease the administrative work for, in particular, smaller companies within the Union. The Commission also indicated in the same decision that it is necessary for each member state to review and reduce the administrative burden for small companies due to the national legislation.

The Swedish Government issued a directive in September 2007 with the aim to reduce the administrative burden and to create simpler rules for small private limited liability companies. The result of the directive was completed in April 2009 and was presented in SOU 2009:34. The investigations result included several changes both to the Swedish Companies Act and Companies Ordinance. It is the purpose that the Government had when they appointed an investigation that is the subject of this thesis. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze three of the changes that the investigation has presented. The three changes that will be subject to this thesis is the establishment of a company, the share certificates and share register and companies organization. The thesis will be based on three goals that the government had when they set up an investigation, to reduce the administrative burden and cost for small private limited liability companies, to establish economic growth and increase employment and finally not to reduce the protection for creditors and the work against economic crime.

The conclusion presented in this thesis is that the simplifications that the investigation had as purpose to fulfil, partially meets the goal the Government had. According to the author's opinion there are some areas that the investigation could have reviewed, such as the possibility for a shareholder to sell the shares in a private limited liability company.

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47

Warmuth, Markus. "Src-Kinasen als Mediatoren Bcr-Abl-induzierter Leukämien." Diss., lmu, 2002. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-2459.

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Vidjeskog, Sandra. "Tredjemansskyddet i publicitetsreglerna 27 kap. ABL- En analys." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-192357.

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Hübinette, Isak. "Kapitalbristreglerna i ABL : ett otillräckligt borgenärsskydd i praktiken." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-115546.

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Boulter, C. A. "Expression of SRC and ABL during mouse development." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382648.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Abl2'

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