Journal articles on the topic 'Abiotic stresse'
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1
Han, Hongyan, Xiaopeng Mu, Pengfei Wang, Zewen Wang, Hongbo Fu, Yu Gary Gao, and Junjie Du. "Identification of LecRLK gene family in Cerasus humilis through genomic-transcriptomic data mining and expression analyses." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 12, 2021): e0254535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254535.
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Lectin receptor-like protein kinases (LecRLKs) have been shown to be involved in plants’ responses to various biotic and abiotic stresse factors. Cerasus humilis is an important fruit species widely planted for soil and water conservation in northern China due to its strong tolerance to drought and salinity stresses. In this study, a total of 170 LecRLK family genes (125 G-types, 43 L-types and 2 C-types) were identified in the newly released whole-genome sequences of C. humilis. Furthermore, nine representative LecRLK genes in young plants of C. humilis under varying drought and salinity stresses were selected for qRT-PCR analysis. Our systematic comparative analyses revealed the active participation of these nine LecRLK genes in the salt and drought stress responses of C. humilis. The results from our study have provided a solid foundation for future functional verification of these LecRLK family genes and will likely help facilitate the more rapid and effective development of new stress resistant Cerasus humilis cultivars.
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Puzanskiy, R. K., V. V. Yemelyanov, and M. F. Shishova. "METABOLOMICS AS A MODERN APPROACH FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF POTATO PLANT ADAPTATION TO BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC STRESSE FACTORS (review)." Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya 53, no. 1 (February 2018): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2018.1.15eng.
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Brini, Faiçal, and Walid Saibi. "Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in Brassicaceae plants under abiotic stresses." SDRP Journal of Plant Science 5, no. 1 (2021): 232–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25177/jps.5.1.ra.10694.
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Brassicaceae plants, as an important source of primary and secondary metabolites, are becoming a research model in plant science. Plants have developed different ways to ward off environmental stress factors. This is lead to the activation of various defense mechanisms resulting in a qualitative and/or quantitative change in plant metabolite production. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is being continuously produced in cell during normal cellular processes. Under stress conditions, there are excessive production of ROS causing progressive oxidative damage and ultimately cell death. Despite their destructive activity, ROS are considered as important secondary messengers of signaling pathway that control metabolic fluxes and a variety of cellular processes. Plant response to environmental stress depends on the delicate equilibrium between ROS production, and their scavenging. This balance of ROS level is required for performing its dual role of acting as a defensive molecule in signaling pathway or a destructive molecule. Efficient scavenging of ROS produced during various environmental stresses requires the action of several non-enzymatic as well as enzymatic antioxidants present in the tissues. In this review, we describe the ROS production and its turnover and the role of ROS as messenger molecules as well as inducers of oxidative damage in Brassicaceae plants. Further, the antioxidant defense mechanisms comprising of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants have been discussed. Keywords: Abiotic stress, Antioxidant defence, Brassicaceae, Oxidative stress, ROS
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Odukoya, Johnson, Ronnie Lambert, and Ruben Sakrabani. "Understanding the Impacts of Crude Oil and its Induced Abiotic Stresses on Agrifood Production: A Review." Horticulturae 5, no. 2 (June 23, 2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae5020047.
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In many parts of the world, the agricultural sector is faced with a number of challenges including those arising from abiotic environmental stresses which are the key factors responsible for most reductions in agrifood production. Crude oil contamination, an abiotic stress factor and a common environmental contaminant, at toxic levels has negative impacts on plants. Although various attempts have been made to demonstrate the impact of abiotic stresses on crops, the underlying factors responsible for the effects of crude oil and its induced abiotic stresses on the composition of the stressed plants are poorly understood. Hence, this review provides an in-depth examination of the: (1) effect of petroleum hydrocarbons on plants; (2) impact of abiotic environmental stresses on crop quality; (3) mechanistic link between crude oil stress and its induced abiotic stresses; as well as (4) mode of action/plant response mechanism to these induced stresses. The paper clearly reveals the implications of crude oil-induced abiotic stresses arising from the soil-root-plant route and from direct application on plant leaves.
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Handayani, Tri, and Kazuo Watanabe. "The combination of drought and heat stress has a greater effect on potato plants than single stresses." Plant, Soil and Environment 66, No. 4 (April 30, 2020): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/126/2020-pse.
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Several research groups have examined the effects of drought stress and heat stress on potato, but few investigations of the effects of combined drought-heat stress have been reported. Using five potato lines, the potato plants’ responses to drought stress, heat stress, as well as combined drought-heat stress were studied, to get the insight in phenotypic shift due to abiotic stresses. The experiment was conducted as a growth room experimental under non-stress and abiotic stresses (drought, heat, and combined drought-heat) conditions. The results demonstrated that potato plants responded to the abiotic stresses by decreasing their plant height, leaf size, cell membrane stability, and relative water content (RWC). However, increasing their leaf chlorophyll content under drought and combined drought-heat stresses. Generally, the combined drought-heat stress had a greater effect on the tested traits. The potato line L1 (84.194.30) showed the lowest level of wilting in all three types of abiotic stress, supported by a small RWC change compared to the control condition; L1 is thus considered relatively tolerant to abiotic stress. The potato lines’ different responses to each type of abiotic stress indicate that the potato lines have different levels of sensitivity to each abiotic stress.
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Hinojosa, Leonardo, Juan González, Felipe Barrios-Masias, Francisco Fuentes, and Kevin Murphy. "Quinoa Abiotic Stress Responses: A Review." Plants 7, no. 4 (November 29, 2018): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants7040106.
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Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a genetically diverse Andean crop that has earned special attention worldwide due to its nutritional and health benefits and its ability to adapt to contrasting environments, including nutrient-poor and saline soils and drought stressed marginal agroecosystems. Drought and salinity are the abiotic stresses most studied in quinoa; however, studies of other important stress factors, such as heat, cold, heavy metals, and UV-B light irradiance, are severely limited. In the last few decades, the incidence of abiotic stress has been accentuated by the increase in unpredictable weather patterns. Furthermore, stresses habitually occur as combinations of two or more. The goals of this review are to: (1) provide an in-depth description of the existing knowledge of quinoa’s tolerance to different abiotic stressors; (2) summarize quinoa’s physiological responses to these stressors; and (3) describe novel advances in molecular tools that can aid our understanding of the mechanisms underlying quinoa’s abiotic stress tolerance.
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Mohammed, S. H., and Maarouf I. Mohammed. "Impact of Abiotic Stress on Quality Traits of Maize Forage at Two Growth Stages." Journal of Horticulture and Plant Research 7 (August 2019): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/jhpr.7.60.
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Maize (Zeamays L.) forage quality traits are reported to show varying responses to abiotic stress. Four trials were conducted in Sudan (Africa) during the summer and winter seasons (2013 – 2014) at two locations: Shambat (normal soils) and Soba (salt affected soils) to investigate the effects of abiotic stress on the nutritive value of maize forage. In each trial nine maize genotypes were studied under two watering regimes arranged in split plot experiment in randomized complete block design. The compound effect of salt, water and heat stresses created by the combination of locations, seasons and watering regimes were used to investigate the effect of abiotic stress on forage quality at silk initiation and dough growth stages. Character associations under stressed and none stressed conditions were studied. NDF, ADF, CP, forage yield and related traits were measured. Abiotic stress significantly lowered the nutritive value in terms of crude protein, digestibility and intake potential. Digestibility under stressed condition was slightly improved as growth stage advanced from silk initiation to dough stage. Correlations under non stress conditions between forage yield and quality traits were either favorable with NDF and weak or insignificant with ADF and CP. Under stress conditions, similar trend generally exists apart from the unfavorable correlation of CP with each of yield and ADF, in addition to earliness with NDF. The compound effect of salt, water and heat stresses have adverse impact on the nutritive value of maize forage. Varieties combining high performance in quality and forage yield could be developed under non-stressed or stressed conditions.
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Al-Deeb, Taghleb, Mohammad Abo Gamar, Najib El-Assi, Hmoud Al-Debei, Rabea Al-Sayaydeh, and Ayed M. Al-Abdallat. "Stress-Inducible Overexpression of SlDDF2 Gene Improves Tolerance against Multiple Abiotic Stresses in Tomato Plant." Horticulturae 8, no. 3 (March 7, 2022): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8030230.
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Dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 1 (DREB1)/C-repeat binding factor (CBF) family plays a key role in plant tolerance against different abiotic stresses. In this study, an orthologous gene of the DWARF AND DELAYED FLOWERING (DDF) members in Arabidopsis, SlDDF2, was identified in tomato plants. The SlDDF2 gene expression was analyzed, and a clear induction in response to ABA treatment, cold, salinity, and drought stresses was observed. Furthermore, two transgenic lines (SlDDF2-IOE#6 and SlDDF2-IOE#9) with stress-inducible overexpression of SlDDF2 under Rd29a promoter were generated. Under stress conditions, the gene expression of SlDDF2 was significantly higher in both transgenic lines. The growth performance, as well as physiological parameters, were evaluated in wild-type and transgenic plants. The transgenic lines showed growth retardation phenotypes and had higher chlorophyll content under stress conditions in plants. However, the relative decrease in growth performance (plant height, leaf number, and leaf area) in stressed transgenic lines was lower than that in stressed wild-type plants, compared with nonstressed conditions. The reduction in the relative water content and water loss rate was also lower in the transgenic lines. Compared with wild-type plants, transgenic lines showed enhanced tolerance to different abiotic stresses including water deficit, salinity, and cold. In conclusion, stress-inducible expression of SlDDF2 can be a useful tool to improve tolerance against multiple abiotic stresses in tomato plants.
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Kajla, Mamta, Vinaya Kumar Yadav, Jaswant Khokhar, Samar Singh, R. S. Chhokar, Raj Pal Meena, and R. K. Sharma. "Increase in wheat production through management of abiotic stresses : A review." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 1070–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i2.733.
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About 9% of area on earth is under crops out of which 91% is under various stresses. On an average, about 50% yield losses are due to abiotic stresses mostly due to high temperature (20%), low temperature (7%), salinity (10%), drought (9%) and other abiotic stresses (4%). As there is no scope for increasing area under agriculture, the increased productivity from these stressed land is a must to meet the ever increasing demand. Further, the severity of abiotic stresses is likely to increase due to changing climate leading to adverse effect on crops. Therefore, abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, sodicity, acidity, water logging, heat, nutrient toxicities/ deficiencies etc need to be effectively addressed through adoption of management practices like tillage and planting options, residue management, sowing time, stress tolerant cultivars, irrigation scheduling and integrated nutrient management to conserve natural resources, mitigating their adverse effect and sustainable wheat production.
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Liu, Junli, Gaoyang Qiu, Chen Liu, Hua Li, Xiaodong Chen, Qinglin Fu, Yicheng Lin, and Bin Guo. "Salicylic Acid, a Multifaceted Hormone, Combats Abiotic Stresses in Plants." Life 12, no. 6 (June 14, 2022): 886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12060886.
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In recent decades, many new and exciting findings have paved the way to the better understanding of plant responses in various environmental changes. Some major areas are focused on role of phytohormone during abiotic stresses. Salicylic acid (SA) is one such plant hormone that has been implicated in processes not limited to plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stress. This review summarizes the various roles and functions of SA in mitigating abiotic stresses to plants, including heating, chilling, salinity, metal toxicity, drought, ultraviolet radiation, etc. Consistent with its critical roles in plant abiotic tolerance, this review identifies the gaps in the literature with regard to the complex signalling network between SA and reactive oxygen species, ABA, Ca2+, and nitric oxide. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms underlying signalling networks that control development and stress responses in plants and underscore prospects for future research on SA concerning abiotic-stressed plants are also discussed.
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Berens, Matthias L., Katarzyna W. Wolinska, Stijn Spaepen, Jörg Ziegler, Tatsuya Nobori, Aswin Nair, Verena Krüler, et al. "Balancing trade-offs between biotic and abiotic stress responses through leaf age-dependent variation in stress hormone cross-talk." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 6 (January 23, 2019): 2364–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1817233116.
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In nature, plants must respond to multiple stresses simultaneously, which likely demands cross-talk between stress-response pathways to minimize fitness costs. Here we provide genetic evidence that biotic and abiotic stress responses are differentially prioritized inArabidopsis thalianaleaves of different ages to maintain growth and reproduction under combined biotic and abiotic stresses. Abiotic stresses, such as high salinity and drought, blunted immune responses in older rosette leaves through the phytohormone abscisic acid signaling, whereas this antagonistic effect was blocked in younger rosette leaves byPBS3, a signaling component of the defense phytohormone salicylic acid. Plants lackingPBS3exhibited enhanced abiotic stress tolerance at the cost of decreased fitness under combined biotic and abiotic stresses. Together with this role,PBS3is also indispensable for the establishment of salt stress- and leaf age-dependent phyllosphere bacterial communities. Collectively, our work reveals a mechanism that balances trade-offs upon conflicting stresses at the organism level and identifies a genetic intersection among plant immunity, leaf microbiota, and abiotic stress tolerance.
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Gechev, Tsanko, and Veselin Petrov. "Reactive Oxygen Species and Abiotic Stress in Plants." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 20 (October 9, 2020): 7433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207433.
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Abiotic stresses cause plant growth inhibition, damage, and in the most severe cases, cell death, resulting in major crop yield losses worldwide. Many abiotic stresses lead also to oxidative stress. Recent genetic and genomics studies have revealed highly complex and integrated gene networks which are responsible for stress adaptation. Here we summarize the main findings of the papers published in the Special Issue “ROS and Abiotic Stress in Plants”, providing a global picture of the link between reactive oxygen species and various abiotic stresses such as acid toxicity, drought, heat, heavy metals, osmotic stress, oxidative stress, and salinity.
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Rane, Jagadish, Ajay Kumar Singh, Mahesh Kumar, Karnar M. Boraiah, Kamlesh K. Meena, Aliza Pradhan, and P. V. Vara Prasad. "The Adaptation and Tolerance of Major Cereals and Legumes to Important Abiotic Stresses." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 23 (November 30, 2021): 12970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222312970.
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Abiotic stresses, including drought, extreme temperatures, salinity, and waterlogging, are the major constraints in crop production. These abiotic stresses are likely to be amplified by climate change with varying temporal and spatial dimensions across the globe. The knowledge about the effects of abiotic stressors on major cereal and legume crops is essential for effective management in unfavorable agro-ecologies. These crops are critical components of cropping systems and the daily diets of millions across the globe. Major cereals like rice, wheat, and maize are highly vulnerable to abiotic stresses, while many grain legumes are grown in abiotic stress-prone areas. Despite extensive investigations, abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants is not fully understood. Current insights into the abiotic stress responses of plants have shown the potential to improve crop tolerance to abiotic stresses. Studies aimed at stress tolerance mechanisms have resulted in the elucidation of traits associated with tolerance in plants, in addition to the molecular control of stress-responsive genes. Some of these studies have paved the way for new opportunities to address the molecular basis of stress responses in plants and identify novel traits and associated genes for the genetic improvement of crop plants. The present review examines the responses of crops under abiotic stresses in terms of changes in morphology, physiology, and biochemistry, focusing on major cereals and legume crops. It also explores emerging opportunities to accelerate our efforts to identify desired traits and genes associated with stress tolerance.
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Kim, Huijin, Subhin Seomun, Youngdae Yoon, and Geupil Jang. "Jasmonic Acid in Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Interaction with Abscisic Acid." Agronomy 11, no. 9 (September 20, 2021): 1886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091886.
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The phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA), a cyclopentane fatty acid, mediates plant responses to abiotic stresses. Abiotic stresses rapidly and dynamically affect JA metabolism and JA responses by upregulating the expression of genes involved in JA biosynthesis and signaling, indicating that JA has a crucial role in plant abiotic stress responses. The crucial role of JA has been demonstrated in many previous studies showing that JA response regulates various plant defense systems, such as removal of reactive oxygen species and accumulation of osmoprotectants. Furthermore, increasing evidence shows that plant tolerance to abiotic stresses is linked to the JA response, suggesting that abiotic stress tolerance can be improved by modulating JA responses. In this review, we briefly describe the JA biosynthetic and signaling pathways and summarize recent studies showing an essential role of JA in plant responses and tolerance to a variety of abiotic stresses, such as drought, cold, salt, and heavy metal stress. Additionally, we discuss JA crosstalk with another key stress hormone, abscisic acid, in plant abiotic stress responses.
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Ogneva, Zlata V., Andrey R. Suprun, Alexandra S. Dubrovina, and Konstantin V. Kiselev. "Effect of 5-azacytidine induced DNA demethylation on abiotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana." Plant Protection Science 55, No. 2 (February 17, 2019): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/94/2018-pps.
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The effect of 5-azacytidine (5A)-induced DNA hypomethylation on the growth and abiotic stress tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana were analysed. Growth analysis revealed that aqueous solutions of 5A added to the soil did not affect the fresh and dry biomass accumulation but led to a higher percentage of flowering A. thaliana plants after four weeks of cultivation. The 5A treatment considerably lowered survival rates of Arabidopsis plants under high soil salinity, heat stress, and drought, while it did not affect the survival rates after freezing stress. 5A eliminated the stimulatory effect of the heat and drought stresses on the transcriptional levels of a number of stress-inducible genes, such as DREB1, LEA, SOS1, or RD29A. A less clear but similar trend has been detected for the effect of 5A on expression of the stress-inducible genes under salt and cold stresses. The data indicate that DNA methylation is an important mechanism regulating plant abiotic stress resistance.
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Asadova, B. "The Effect of Salt Solutions on the DMDH Enzyme Activity in the Hordeum vulgare Primary Incubation." Bulletin of Science and Practice, no. 10 (October 15, 2022): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/83/11.
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Plants are subjected to a wide range of environmental stresses which reduces and limits the productivity of agricultural crops. Two types of environmental stresses are encountered to plants which can be categorized as abiotic stress and biotic stress. The abiotic stress causes the loss of major crop plants worldwide and includes radiation, soil salinization, floods, drought, extremes in temperature, heavy metals, etc. Abiotic stresses such as drought (water stress), excessive watering (water logging), extreme temperatures (cold, frost and heat), soil salinization and mineral toxicity negatively impact growth, development, yield and seed quality of crop and other plants. In future it is predicted that freshwater scarcity will increase and ultimately intensity of abiotic stresses will increase.
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Joshi, Jaya, Ghulam Hasnain, Taylor Logue, Madeline Lynch, Shan Wu, Jiahn-Chou Guan, Saleh Alseekh, Alisdair R. Fernie, Andrew D. Hanson, and Donald R. McCarty. "A Core Metabolome Response of Maize Leaves Subjected to Long-Duration Abiotic Stresses." Metabolites 11, no. 11 (November 22, 2021): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11110797.
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Abiotic stresses reduce crop growth and yield in part by disrupting metabolic homeostasis and triggering responses that change the metabolome. Experiments designed to understand the mechanisms underlying these metabolomic responses have usually not used agriculturally relevant stress regimes. We therefore subjected maize plants to drought, salt, or heat stresses that mimic field conditions and analyzed leaf responses at metabolome and transcriptome levels. Shared features of stress metabolomes included synthesis of raffinose, a compatible solute implicated in tolerance to dehydration. In addition, a marked accumulation of amino acids including proline, arginine, and γ-aminobutyrate combined with depletion of key glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates indicated a shift in balance of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in stressed leaves. Involvement of the γ-aminobutyrate shunt in this process is consistent with its previously proposed role as a workaround for stress-induced thiamin-deficiency. Although convergent metabolome shifts were correlated with gene expression changes in affected pathways, patterns of differential gene regulation induced by the three stresses indicated distinct signaling mechanisms highlighting the plasticity of plant metabolic responses to abiotic stress.
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Miryeganeh, Matin. "Plants’ Epigenetic Mechanisms and Abiotic Stress." Genes 12, no. 8 (July 21, 2021): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12081106.
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Plants are sessile organisms that need to adapt to constantly changing environmental conditions. Unpredictable climate change places plants under a variety of abiotic stresses. Studying the regulation of stress-responsive genes can help to understand plants’ ability to adapt to fluctuating environmental conditions. Changes in epigenetic marks such as histone modifications and DNA methylation are known to regulate gene expression by their dynamic variation in response to stimuli. This can then affect their phenotypic plasticity, which helps with the adaptation of plants to adverse conditions. Epigenetic marks may also provide a mechanistic basis for stress memory, which enables plants to respond more effectively and efficiently to recurring stress and prepare offspring for potential future stresses. Studying epigenetic changes in addition to genetic factors is important to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying plant stress responses. This review summarizes the epigenetic mechanisms behind plant responses to some main abiotic stresses.
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Mastouri, Fatemeh, Thomas Björkman, and Gary E. Harman. "Seed Treatment with Trichoderma harzianum Alleviates Biotic, Abiotic, and Physiological Stresses in Germinating Seeds and Seedlings." Phytopathology® 100, no. 11 (November 2010): 1213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-03-10-0091.
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Trichoderma spp. are endophytic plant symbionts that are widely used as seed treatments to control diseases and to enhance plant growth and yield. Although some recent work has been published on their abilities to alleviate abiotic stresses, specific knowledge of mechanisms, abilities to control multiple plant stress factors, their effects on seed and seedlings is lacking. We examined the effects of seed treatment with T. harzianum strain T22 on germination of seed exposed to biotic stress (seed and seedling disease caused by Pythium ultimum) and abiotic stresses (osmotic, salinity, chilling, or heat stress). We also evaluated the ability of the beneficial fungus to overcome physiological stress (poor seed quality induced by seed aging). If seed were not under any of the stresses noted above, T22 generally had little effect upon seedling performance. However, under stress, treated seed germinated consistently faster and more uniformly than untreated seeds whether the stress was osmotic, salt, or suboptimal temperatures. The consistent response to varying stresses suggests a common mechanism through which the plant–fungus association enhances tolerance to a wide range of abiotic stresses as well as biotic stress. A common factor that negatively affects plants under these stress conditions is accumulation of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), and we tested the hypothesis that T22 reduced damages resulting from accumulation of ROS in stressed plants. Treatment of seeds reduced accumulation of lipid peroxides in seedlings under osmotic stress or in aged seeds. In addition, we showed that the effect of exogenous application of an antioxidant, glutathione, or application of T22, resulted in a similar positive effect on seed germination under osmotic stress or in aged seed. This evidence supports the model that T. harzianum strain T22 increases seedling vigor and ameliorates stress by inducing physiological protection in plants against oxidative damage.
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Souza, Lucas A., Carolina C. Monteiro, Rogério F. Carvalho, Priscila L. Gratão, and Ricardo A. Azevedo. "Dealing with abiotic stresses: an integrative view of how phytohormones control abiotic stress-induced oxidative stress." Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology 29, no. 3 (August 30, 2017): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40626-017-0088-8.
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Demaria, D., D. Valentino, A. Matta, and F. Cardinale. "Cross-protection mechanisms between biotic and abiotic stresses in plants." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (December 31, 2017): 490–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10532-pps.
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In order to investigate cross-protection mechanisms between stresses of different origins, greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine whether resistance levels to the fungal pathogen P. capsici were affected on wounded plants. To this purpose, tomato roots were wounded at 24h-intervals and allowed to age for up to 7 days before inoculation. Data from preliminary experiments indicate first (0–48 h old wounds) an increase in disease severity in wounded as compared to unwounded tomato plants infected with P. capsici. Then, as the wounds age, disease severity decreases to the point that plants wounded 3 days before inoculation are less susceptible than nonwounded plants. Here, with the use of tomato mutant lines, we suggest the involvement of ethylene (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>) and jasmonates (Ja) in the development of these responses towards P. capsici upon wounding of tomato plants.
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Baek, Kwang-Hyun. "Abiotic Stresses." Journal of Environmental Quality 35, no. 4 (July 2006): 1629. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0009br.
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Habibpourmehraban, Fatemeh, Yunqi Wu, Jemma X. Wu, Sara Hamzelou, Farhad Masoomi-Aladizgeh, Karthik Shantharam Kamath, Ardeshir Amirkhani, Brian J. Atwell, and Paul A. Haynes. "Multiple Abiotic Stresses Applied Simultaneously Elicit Distinct Responses in Two Contrasting Rice Cultivars." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (February 3, 2022): 1739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031739.
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Rice crops are often subject to multiple abiotic stresses simultaneously in both natural and cultivated environments, resulting in yield reductions beyond those expected from single stress. We report physiological changes after a 4 day exposure to combined drought, salt and extreme temperature treatments, following a 2 day salinity pre-treatment in two rice genotypes—Nipponbare (a paddy rice) and IAC1131 (an upland landrace). Stomata closed after two days of combined stresses, causing intercellular CO2 concentrations and assimilation rates to diminish rapidly. Abscisic acid (ABA) levels increased at least five-fold but did not differ significantly between the genotypes. Tandem Mass Tag isotopic labelling quantitative proteomics revealed 6215 reproducibly identified proteins in mature leaves across the two genotypes and three time points (0, 2 and 4 days of stress). Of these, 987 were differentially expressed due to stress (cf. control plants), including 41 proteins that changed significantly in abundance in all stressed plants. Heat shock proteins, late embryogenesis abundant proteins and photosynthesis-related proteins were consistently responsive to stress in both Nipponbare and IAC1131. Remarkably, even after 2 days of stress there were almost six times fewer proteins differentially expressed in IAC1131 than Nipponbare. This contrast in the translational response to multiple stresses is consistent with the known tolerance of IAC1131 to dryland conditions.
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Morcillo, Rafael, and Maximino Manzanera. "The Effects of Plant-Associated Bacterial Exopolysaccharides on Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance." Metabolites 11, no. 6 (May 24, 2021): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11060337.
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Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial soil microorganisms that can stimulate plant growth and increase tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Some PGPR are capable of secreting exopolysaccharides (EPS) to protect themselves and, consequently, their plant hosts against environmental fluctuations and other abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, or heavy metal pollution. This review focuses on the enhancement of plant abiotic stress tolerance by bacterial EPS. We provide a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms through EPS to alleviate plant abiotic stress tolerance, including salinity, drought, temperature, and heavy metal toxicity. Finally, we discuss how these abiotic stresses may affect bacterial EPS production and its role during plant-microbe interactions.
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Yoon, Youngdae, Deok Hyun Seo, Hoyoon Shin, Hui Jin Kim, Chul Min Kim, and Geupil Jang. "The Role of Stress-Responsive Transcription Factors in Modulating Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants." Agronomy 10, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060788.
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Abiotic stresses, such as drought, high temperature, and salinity, affect plant growth and productivity. Furthermore, global climate change may increase the frequency and severity of abiotic stresses, suggesting that development of varieties with improved stress tolerance is critical for future sustainable crop production. Improving stress tolerance requires a detailed understanding of the hormone signaling and transcriptional pathways involved in stress responses. Abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) are key stress-response hormones in plants, and some stress-responsive transcription factors such as ABFs and MYCs function as direct components of ABA and JA signaling, playing a pivotal role in plant tolerance to abiotic stress. In addition, extensive studies have identified other stress-responsive transcription factors belonging to the NAC, AP2/ERF, MYB, and WRKY families that mediate plant response and tolerance to abiotic stress. These suggest that transcriptional regulation of stress-responsive genes is an essential step to determine the mechanisms underlying plant stress responses and tolerance to abiotic stress, and that these transcription factors may be important targets for development of crops with enhanced abiotic stress tolerance. In this review, we briefly describe the mechanisms underlying plant abiotic stress responses, focusing on ABA and JA metabolism and signaling pathways. We then summarize the diverse array of transcription factors involved in plant responses to abiotic stress, while noting their potential applications for improvement of stress tolerance.
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Akpınar, Bala Anı, Stuart J. Lucas, and Hikmet Budak. "Genomics Approaches for Crop Improvement against Abiotic Stress." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/361921.
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As sessile organisms, plants are inevitably exposed to one or a combination of stress factors every now and then throughout their growth and development. Stress responses vary considerably even in the same plant species; stress-susceptible genotypes are at one extreme, and stress-tolerant ones are at the other. Elucidation of the stress responses of crop plants is of extreme relevance, considering the central role of crops in food and biofuel production. Crop improvement has been a traditional issue to increase yields and enhance stress tolerance; however, crop improvement against abiotic stresses has been particularly compelling, given the complex nature of these stresses. As traditional strategies for crop improvement approach their limits, the era of genomics research has arisen with new and promising perspectives in breeding improved varieties against abiotic stresses.
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Anwari, Gulaqa, Jin Feng, and Abdourazak Alio Moussa. "Multiple Beneficial Effects of Using Biochar (as a Great Organic Material) on Tolerance and Productivity of Rice under Abiotic Stress." Journal of Modern Materials 6, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/jmm.6.1.40-51.
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Rice as a sensitive crop that usually affected by many harmful environmental stresses. Numerous policies are followed to increase plant growth-tolerance under abiotic-stresses in various plant species. The attempts to improve crop tolerance against abiotic stresses via common breeding method are needed to follow a long-term, and may also be non-affordable, these are due to the existing genetic variability of the plant. Current review analysis existing knowledge gaps, challenges, and opportunities in the biochar application as a beneficial and pyrogenic-C, material. Consequently, a review of the literature with a high focusing on the multiple beneficial effects of using biochar on tolerance and productivity of rice in abiotic stresses is needed. This review provides a summary of those efforts that would be beneficial in reducing inconvenienced abiotic-stresses, and also how using biochar could increase rice tolerance and production through the supporting of plant growth regulator's roles. Accordantly, present review findings showed that biochar is a great amendment and consisting of principally organic rich-C matter, which has multiple benefits on improving soil physicochemical and biological properties as well as increasing rice tolerance and its productivity through enhancing plant hormones roles under abiotic stressed conditions (heat/cold temperature, drought, salinity, heavy metal, and climate change stresses). Nevertheless, it is anticipated that further researches on the benefits of biochar will increase the comprehension of interactions between biochar and plant growth hormones, to accelerate our attempts for improving rice tolerance and productivity, under abiotic-stress conditions.
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Palupi, Norry Eka, Moch Dawam Maghfoer, Nunun Barunawati, and Didik Hariyono. "Phenotypes of Citrus Sp. As a Selected in Dwarf Rootstock Material Regard to Abiotic Stress Tolerance." Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences 49, no. 8 (August 30, 2022): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.49.8.17.
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Research on abiotic stress tolerant horticultural plants has been widely carried out. However, there has not been much research on the citrus phenotype with rootstock as planting material, which has advantages in overcoming abiotic stress and dwarf performance. This research provides citrus rootstock that is tolerant to some of the marginal land in Indonesia especially on drought, salinity, waterlogging, and acidity. This morphological research was conducted at Punten Experimental Garden in Batu city, Indonesia. Anatomical observations were carried out in the laboratories of Indonesian Balitjestro and Universitas Brawijaya. This has done pre-treatment selection lasted for 8 months and then abiotic stress treatment lasted for 2 months, from July to September 2021. This study consisted of 15 treatment combinations: three rootstock varieties, i.e., Citromello (Cit), Volkameriana (Volk), and Cleopatra mandarin (CM), and five abiotic stress treatments, i.e., control, PEG 10%, NaCl 3.5%, waterlogging 150% FC, and 9 mM Al2SO4. The results showed that abiotic stress, especially NaCl and waterlogging, caused phenotypic changes such as in leaf shape, i.e., leaf lamina shape, reduced leaf area, chlorophyll content, stomata density, and canopy diameter compared to other abiotic stresses. The best stomatal density and open stomata percentage were for Cleopatra mandarin (CM). This was also shown by the increase in proline content when plants are subjected to abiotic stresses, especially in Cleopatra mandarin under NaCl stress, Volkameriana under Al2SO4 stress, and Citromello under waterlogging (WL). The palisade size decreased, its vascular bundles in the leaves increased, and the pore distribution changed. The results showed all rootstock candidates were resistant to several abiotic stresses and had dwarf performance. It can be concluded that the best tolerant of abiotic stress rootstock variety of abiotic stress is Cleopatra mandarin, while Volkameriana and Citromello are better tolerant on acidic soil.
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Atif, Shahid, Waqas, Ali, Rashid, Azeem, Nawaz, Wani, and Chung. "Insights on Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases (CPKs) Signaling for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 21 (October 24, 2019): 5298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20215298.
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Abiotic stresses are the major limiting factors influencing the growth and productivity of plants species. To combat these stresses, plants can modify numerous physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes through cellular and subcellular signaling pathways. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs or CPKs) are the unique and key calcium-binding proteins, which act as a sensor for the increase and decrease in the calcium (Ca) concentrations. These Ca flux signals are decrypted and interpreted into the phosphorylation events, which are crucial for signal transduction processes. Several functional and expression studies of different CPKs and their encoding genes validated their versatile role for abiotic stress tolerance in plants. CPKs are indispensable for modulating abiotic stress tolerance through activation and regulation of several genes, transcription factors, enzymes, and ion channels. CPKs have been involved in supporting plant adaptation under drought, salinity, and heat and cold stress environments. Diverse functions of plant CPKs have been reported against various abiotic stresses in numerous research studies. In this review, we have described the evaluated functions of plant CPKs against various abiotic stresses and their role in stress response signaling pathways.
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Anwar, Khalid, Rohit Joshi, Om Parkash Dhankher, Sneh L. Singla-Pareek, and Ashwani Pareek. "Elucidating the Response of Crop Plants towards Individual, Combined and Sequentially Occurring Abiotic Stresses." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (June 6, 2021): 6119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22116119.
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In nature, plants are exposed to an ever-changing environment with increasing frequencies of multiple abiotic stresses. These abiotic stresses act either in combination or sequentially, thereby driving vegetation dynamics and limiting plant growth and productivity worldwide. Plants’ responses against these combined and sequential stresses clearly differ from that triggered by an individual stress. Until now, experimental studies were mainly focused on plant responses to individual stress, but have overlooked the complex stress response generated in plants against combined or sequential abiotic stresses, as well as their interaction with each other. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the combined and sequential abiotic stresses overlap with respect to the central nodes of their interacting signaling pathways, and their impact cannot be modelled by swimming in an individual extreme event. Taken together, deciphering the regulatory networks operative between various abiotic stresses in agronomically important crops will contribute towards designing strategies for the development of plants with tolerance to multiple stress combinations. This review provides a brief overview of the recent developments in the interactive effects of combined and sequentially occurring stresses on crop plants. We believe that this study may improve our understanding of the molecular and physiological mechanisms in untangling the combined stress tolerance in plants, and may also provide a promising venue for agronomists, physiologists, as well as molecular biologists.
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Habib, Sidra, Yee Yee Lwin, and Ning Li. "Down-Regulation of SlGRAS10 in Tomato Confers Abiotic Stress Tolerance." Genes 12, no. 5 (April 22, 2021): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12050623.
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Adverse environmental factors like salt stress, drought, and extreme temperatures, cause damage to plant growth, development, and crop yield. GRAS transcription factors (TFs) have numerous functions in biological processes. Some studies have reported that the GRAS protein family plays significant functions in plant growth and development under abiotic stresses. In this study, we demonstrated the functional characterization of a tomato SlGRAS10 gene under abiotic stresses such as salt stress and drought. Down-regulation of SlGRAS10 by RNA interference (RNAi) produced dwarf plants with smaller leaves, internode lengths, and enhanced flavonoid accumulation. We studied the effects of abiotic stresses on RNAi and wild-type (WT) plants. Moreover, SlGRAS10-RNAi plants were more tolerant to abiotic stresses (salt, drought, and Abscisic acid) than the WT plants. Down-regulation of SlGRAS10 significantly enhanced the expressions of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) to reduce the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O2− and H2O2. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline contents were remarkably high in SlGRAS10-RNAi plants. Furthermore, the expression levels of chlorophyll biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and stress-related genes were also enhanced under abiotic stress conditions. Collectively, our conclusions emphasized the significant function of SlGRAS10 as a stress tolerate transcription factor in a certain variety of abiotic stress tolerance by enhancing osmotic potential, flavonoid biosynthesis, and ROS scavenging system in the tomato plant.
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Dhakal, Anjana, Chanda Adhikari, Deepika Manandhar, Samikshya Bhattarai, and Sony Shrestha. "EFFECT OF ABIOTIC STRESS IN WHEAT: A REVIEW." Reviews in Food and Agriculture 2, no. 2 (May 11, 2021): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/rfna.02.2021.69.72.
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Wheat is the staple food in the Nepalese diet, and it is grown in most part of the country during the winter seasons. This brief analysis article discusses previous research and studies on the effect of abiotic stress on wheat. Different abiotic stresses induce a number of changes in plant metabolism, and several of these changes in plant in response to different abiotic stresses overlap. stress –induced metabolic changes cause crop growth to be impaired, resulting in low yield. Abiotic stresses are also an important factor that affects yield reduction, productivity decline, and net profit shrinkage according to long term research conducted by various researchers in various location .As a result abiotic stress such as drought, salinity, acidity, water logging and heat most be effectively addressed through management practices such as tillage and planting choices, residue management, sowing time, stress resistance cultivars, irrigation scheduling and integrated nutrient management to preserve natural resources while minimizing the negative effects and ensuring long term wheat output.
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Shabbir, Rubab, Rajesh Kumar Singhal, Udit Nandan Mishra, Jyoti Chauhan, Talha Javed, Sadam Hussain, Sachin Kumar, Hirdayesh Anuragi, Dalpat Lal, and Pinghua Chen. "Combined Abiotic Stresses: Challenges and Potential for Crop Improvement." Agronomy 12, no. 11 (November 10, 2022): 2795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112795.
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Abiotic stressors are major constraints that affect agricultural plant physio-morphological and biochemical attributes, resulting in a loss of normal functioning and, eventually, a severe decline in crop productivity. The co-occurrence of different abiotic stresses, rather than a specific stress situation, can alter or trigger a wide range of plant responses, such as altered metabolism, stunted growth, and restricted development. Therefore, systematic and rigorous studies are pivotal for understanding the impact of concurrent abiotic stress conditions on crop productivity. In doing so, this review emphasizes the implications and potential mechanisms for controlling/managing combined abiotic stresses, which can then be utilized to identify genotypes with combined stress tolerance. Furthermore, this review focuses on recent biotechnological approaches in deciphering combined stress tolerance in plants. As a result, agronomists, breeders, molecular biologists, and field pathologists will benefit from this literature in assessing the impact of interactions between combined abiotic stresses on crop performance and development of tolerant/resistant cultivars.
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Rahman, Khussboo, Mira Rahman, Naznin Ahmed, Md Mahabub Alam, Anisur Rahman, Md Mahbubul Islam, and Mirza Hasanuzzaman. "Morphophysiological changes and reactive oxygen species metabolism in Corchorus olitorius L. under different abiotic stresses." Open Agriculture 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 549–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2021-0040.
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Abstract Abiotic stress has become an alarming issue for plant survival due to the constant changes in the environment. Abiotic stresses such as drought, salt, waterlogging, and heavy metals largely influence plant growth and development that finally reduce crop productivity. The present study was carried out to investigate the responses of jute (Corchorus olitorius cv. O-9897) plant under different abiotic stresses. At 15th days after sowing plants were exposed to different abiotic stresses for various duration. Two doses of NaCl (200 and 400 mM) were applied to impose salt stress, while two doses of CdCl2 (2 and 4 mM) were applied for cadmium (Cd) stress. Waterlogging stress was applied for 5 and 15 days. Whereas drought stress was imposed on plants for 10 and 15 days. Leaf relative water content, SPAD value, plant height, above ground fresh and dry weight, leaf area, and stem diameter decreased upon exposure to salt, water deficit, Cd, and waterlogging stresses. These abiotic stresses resulted in oxidative damage which was evident by the increased levels of lipid peroxidation, H2O2, and electrolyte leakage (EL) together with altered antioxidant enzymes activities and glyoxalase system which are crucial for plants to fight against oxidative damage. Both duration of waterlogging and drought stress drastically affected plant morphophysiology, whereas C. olitorius could tolerate moderate level of salt (200 mM NaCl) and Cd (2 mM CdCl2). So the present study reveals that abiotic stresses cause substantial damages to the morphophysiology and oxidative stress tolerance of C. olitorius where the higher doses of NaCl and CdCl2 as well as the increased duration of waterlogging and drought resulted in more deleterious effect.
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Pompelli, Marcelo F., Daniela Vegliante Arrieta, Yirlis Yadeth Pineda Rodríguez, Ana Melisa Jiménez Ramírez, Ana Milena Vasquez Bettin, María Angélica Quiñones Avilez, Jesús Adolfo Ayala Cárcamo, et al. "Can Chlorophyll a Fluorescence and Photobleaching Be a Stress Signal under Abiotic Stress in Vigna unguiculata L.?" Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 22, 2022): 15503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315503.
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Greenhouse gas emissions continue raising the planet’s temperature by 1.5 °C since the industrial age, while the world population growth rate is 1.1%. So, studies aimed at food security and better land use are welcomed. In this paradigm, we choose Vigna unguiculata to test how it would behave in the face of severe abiotic stresses, such as drought and salt stress. This study shows that under abiotic stresses V. unguiculata tries to overcome the stress by emitting chlorophyll a fluorescence and promoting photobleaching. Thus, fewer photons are directed to photosystem I, to generate lethal reactive oxygen species. The antioxidant system showed a high activity in plants submitted to drought stress but fell in salt-stressed plants. Thus, the reductor power not dissipated by fluorescence or heat was captured and converted into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) which was 2.2-fold higher in salt-stressed V. unguiculata plants. Consequently, the malondialdehyde (MDA) increased in all treatment. Compiling all data, we can argue that the rapid extinguishing of chlorophyll a fluorescence, mainly in non-photochemical quenching and heat can be an indicator of stress as a first defense system, while the H2O2 and MDA accumulation would be considered biochemical signals for plant defenses or plant injuries.
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Chumikina, Lyudmila Vasilievna, Lidiya Ivanovna Arabova, Valentina Vasil'yevna Kolpakova, and Aleksey Fedorovich Topunov. "PHYTHORMONES AND ABIOTIC STRESS (REVIEW)." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 4 (December 14, 2021): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2021049196.
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Plants experience a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses that cause crop losses worldwide. Preventing crop losses due to these factors is of particular importance. For this, it is important to understand the mechanisms of both suppressing and stimulating seed germination and to develop technologies for controlling seed dormancy and development in order to avoid unwanted germination in the ears. Gene switching technologies can be used to address this and similar problems in seed development. Recent studies have shown that classical phytohormones - auxins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, ethylene, gibberellins - control all stages of plant ontogenesis. In addition to the classic phytohormones, there are relatively new ones - brassinosteroids, jasmonates, strigolactones, salicylates, which deserve consideration in a separate review. Together, these compounds are important metabolic engineering targets for the production of stress-resistant crops. In this review, we have summarized the role of phytohormones in plant development and resistance to abiotic stresses. Experimental data were presented on the transport of phytohormones, the interaction between them, as a result of which the activity of a certain hormone can be either enhanced or suppressed. We have identified the main links of phytohormones with an emphasis on the response of plants to abiotic stresses and have shown that the effect of an individual hormone depends on the ratio with other phytohormones and metabolites. Additional research along these lines will help explain different stress responses and provide tools to improve plant stress tolerance.
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Roatti, Benedetta, Michele Perazzolli, Cesare Gessler, and Ilaria Pertot. "Abiotic Stresses Affect Trichoderma harzianum T39-Induced Resistance to Downy Mildew in Grapevine." Phytopathology® 103, no. 12 (December 2013): 1227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-02-13-0040-r.
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Enhancement of plant defense through the application of resistance inducers seems a promising alternative to chemical fungicides for controlling crop diseases but the efficacy can be affected by abiotic factors in the field. Plants respond to abiotic stresses with hormonal signals that may interfere with the mechanisms of induced systemic resistance (ISR) to pathogens. In this study, we exposed grapevines to heat, drought, or both to investigate the effects of abiotic stresses on grapevine resistance induced by Trichoderma harzianum T39 (T39) to downy mildew. Whereas the efficacy of T39-induced resistance was not affected by exposure to heat or drought, it was significantly reduced by combined abiotic stresses. Decrease of leaf water potential and upregulation of heat-stress markers confirmed that plants reacted to abiotic stresses. Basal expression of defense-related genes and their upregulation during T39-induced resistance were attenuated by abiotic stresses, in agreement with the reduced efficacy of T39. The evidence reported here suggests that exposure of crops to abiotic stress should be carefully considered to optimize the use of resistance inducers, especially in view of future global climate changes. Expression analysis of ISR marker genes could be helpful to identify when plants are responding to abiotic stresses, in order to optimize treatments with resistance inducers in field.
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Jain, Ritika, and Meenu Saraf. "EXPLORING THE ABIOTIC AND BIOTIC STRESS TOLERANCE POTENTIAL OF RHIZOBACTERA ISOLATED FROM CYAMOPSIS." Journal of Advanced Scientific Research 12, no. 03 (August 31, 2021): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.55218/jasr.202112327.
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Agriculture plays a vital role for any economy primarily for developing and under developed economies. Increasing abiotic as well as biotic stresses adversely affects crop productivity across the world. Microorganisms inhabiting the Rhizospheric region of plant soil are known to play an important role in alleviating these stresses, thus enhancing crop productivity and yield. The present study was carried out to isolate the Rhizospheric bacteria from Cyamopsis showing potential to tolerate abiotic and biotic stresses. To carry out this, bacteria were isolated from Rhizospheric soil of Cyamopsis which were collected from different regions of Gujarat. These isolates were screened for tolerance to different abiotic stresses such as temperature, pH, salt and drought. Highly abiotic stress tolerant isolates were further tested for biotic stress against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Among the 80 bacterial isolates, best grown 30 cultures were tested for different abiotic stress. Four cultures i.e. MN40, KM1, KM6 and AK17 showing high tolerance to abiotic stresses were further investigated for biotic stress tolerance. Selected cultures were tested for their antagonistic activity against pathogenic fungi viz., Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporium, Sclerotinum rolfissii and Trichoderma spp. Furthermore, antimicrobial activities of all 4 selected bacterial strains were tested against different test organisms viz., Gram negative bacteria (Salmonella typhi) and Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus). Amongst the 4 selected bacterial strains, KM6 shows highest antagonistic activity.
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Yu, Xiaxia, Wenjin Zhang, Yu Zhang, Xiaojia Zhang, Duoyong Lang, and Xinhui Zhang. "The roles of methyl jasmonate to stress in plants." Functional Plant Biology 46, no. 3 (2019): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp18106.
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Plants are constantly exposed to various stresses, which can degrade their health. The stresses can be alleviated by the application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA), which is a hormone involved in plant signalling. MeJA induces synthesis of defensive compounds and initiates the expression of pathogenesis-related genes involved in systemic acquired resistance and local resistance. Thus, MeJA may be used against pathogens, salt stress, drought stress, low temperature, heavy metal stress and toxicities of other elements. The application of MeJA improves growth, induces the accumulation of active compounds, and affects endogenous hormones levels, and other physiological and biochemical characteristics in stressed plants. Furthermore, MeJA antagonises the adverse effects of osmotic stress by regulating inorganic penetrating ions or organic penetrants to suppress the absorption of toxic ions. MeJA also mitigates oxidative stress by activating antioxidant systems to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) in stressed plants. For these reasons, we reviewed the use of exogenous MeJA in alleviating biotic (pathogens and insects) and abiotic stresses in plants.
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Ranjan, Alok, Kumari Archana, and Sanjay Ranjan. "Gossypium Herbaceum Ghcyp1 Regulates Water-Use Efficiency and Drought Tolerance by Modulating Stomatal Activity and Photosynthesis in Transgenic Tobacco." Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia 14, no. 3 (September 25, 2017): 869–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2520.
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ABSTRACT: The cyclophilins genes are induced by abiotic stresses, yet their detailed function in drought and salinity remain largely unclear and need to be elaborately validated.Expression of cyclophilin was drastically induced under droughtconditions in Gossypiumherbaceum L. suggesting its stress-responsive function. In an attempt to characterize the role of G.herbacuemcyclophilingene GhCYP1, we overexpressed the GhCYP1 in tobaccousing Agrobacteriummediated transformationand explored its possible involvement in drought and salt stress tolerance.The transgenic plantsover expressing GhCYP1 exhibited tolerance against drought stress as evidenced by leaf disc assay, estimation of chlorophylland proline content along with various physiological parameters such as stomatal conductance, rate of photosynthesis and water use efficiency.The drought stressed transgenic tobaccoplants exhibited higher proline content in leaf ( 1.84 µ mol-g fw) and root (2.02µ mol-g fw ),while a reverse trend was observed in the drought stressed wild type plants, implicating the involvement of GhCYP1 in the maintenance of physiological homeostasis. Thedetail physiological, biochemical and molecular analysis results demonstrate the implicit role of GhCYP1 in conferring multiple abiotic stress tolerance at whole-plant level.
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Pathak, Himanshu, Mahesh Kumar, Kutubuddin A Molla, and Koushik Chakraborty. "Abiotic stresses in rice production: Impacts and management." Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 58, Special (April 22, 2021): 103–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2021.58.spl.4.
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Rice, a key staple food crop in the world and India, offers food and nutrition security to millions of the global population. Abiotic (water, soil, atmospheric) stresses affect yield and quality of rice. This necessitates stress-resilient rice production technologies sufficiently fortified by novel stress mitigation and adaptation strategies. Recent crop improvement strategy has partially managed to resolve the challenges presented by abiotic stresses such as high temperature, drought, salinity, alkalinity, waterlogging and mineral deficiency. The complication and multiplicity of abiotic stresses necessitate the use of extensive, integrative and multi-disciplinary techniques to achieve resilience. Crop improvement, along with the agronomic interventions, is essential to stabilise the productivity and profitability of rice production. This article gives an overview of the potential impacts of abiotic stress on rice and suggests the adaptation and mitigation strategies.
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Rathor, Pramod, Tudor Borza, Sophia Stone, Thierry Tonon, Svetlana Yurgel, Philippe Potin, and Balakrishnan Prithiviraj. "A Novel Protein from Ectocarpus sp. Improves Salinity and High Temperature Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4 (February 17, 2021): 1971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041971.
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Brown alga Ectocarpus sp. belongs to Phaeophyceae, a class of macroalgae that evolved complex multicellularity. Ectocarpus sp. is a dominant seaweed in temperate regions, abundant mostly in the intertidal zones, an environment with high levels of abiotic stresses. Previous transcriptomic analysis of Ectocarpus sp. revealed several genes consistently induced by various abiotic stresses; one of these genes is Esi0017_0056, which encodes a protein with unknown function. Bioinformatics analyses indicated that the protein encoded by Esi0017_0056 is soluble and monomeric. The protein was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli,Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana. In A. thaliana the gene was expressed under constitutive and stress inducible promoters which led to improved tolerance to high salinity and temperature stresses. The expression of several key abiotic stress-related genes was studied in transgenic and wild type A. thaliana by qPCR. Expression analysis revealed that genes involved in ABA-induced abiotic stress tolerance, K+ homeostasis, and chaperon activities were significantly up-regulated in the transgenic line. This study is the first report in which an unknown function Ectocarpus sp. gene, highly responsive to abiotic stresses, was successfully expressed in A. thaliana, leading to improved tolerance to salt and temperature stress.
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Andreotti, Carlo. "Management of Abiotic Stress in Horticultural Crops: Spotlight on Biostimulants." Agronomy 10, no. 10 (October 5, 2020): 1514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101514.
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Horticultural crops are currently exposed to multiple abiotic stresses because of ongoing climate change. Abiotic stresses such as drought, extreme temperatures, salinity, and nutrient deficiencies are causing increasing losses in terms of yield and product quality. The horticultural sector is therefore searching for innovative and sustainable agronomic tools to enhance crop tolerance towards these unfavorable conditions. In a recent review published in Agronomy, “Biostimulants Application in Horticultural Crops under Abiotic Stress Conditions”, Bulgari and colleagues discussed the main pieces of evidence of the use of biostimulants to manage abiotic stresses in vegetable crops. The intent of this editorial was to focus the attention on aspects related to the stress development in plants (i.e., timing and occurrence of multiple stress factors), in combination with the application of biostimulants. The large number of factors potentially involved in the enhancement of crop tolerance toward stress calls for an intensification of research activities, especially when conducted in field conditions and with well-defined protocols. This must be seen as a mandatory task for a successful implementation of biostimulant products among the available agronomic tools for the management of abiotic stresses in horticultural crops.
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Shah, Ateeq, and Donald L. Smith. "Flavonoids in Agriculture: Chemistry and Roles in, Biotic and Abiotic Stress Responses, and Microbial Associations." Agronomy 10, no. 8 (August 17, 2020): 1209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081209.
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The current world of climate change, global warming and a constantly changing environment have made life very stressful for living entities, which has driven the evolution of biochemical processes to cope with stressed environmental and ecological conditions. As climate change conditions continue to develop, we anticipate more frequent occurrences of abiotic stresses such as drought, high temperature and salinity. Living plants, which are sessile beings, are more exposed to environmental extremes. However, plants are equipped with biosynthetic machinery operating to supply thousands of bio-compounds required for maintaining internal homeostasis. In addition to chemical coordination within a plant, these compounds have the potential to assist plants in tolerating, resisting and escaping biotic and abiotic stresses generated by the external environment. Among certain biosynthates, flavonoids are an important example of these stress mitigators. Flavonoids are secondary metabolites and biostimulants; they play a key role in plant growth by inducing resistance against certain biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, the function of flavonoids as signal compounds to communicate with rhizosphere microbes is indispensable. In this review, the significance of flavonoids as biostimulants, stress mitigators, mediators of allelopathy and signaling compounds is discussed. The chemical nature and biosynthetic pathway of flavonoid production are also highlighted.
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Martínez, A. E., A. Landau, P. T. García, G. Polenta, M. C. Arias, R. Murray, N. Pensel, and A. R. Prina. "Two Mutants Affecting Adaptative Responses to Abiotic Stresses in Barley Seedlings." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 41, No. 1 (November 21, 2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3675-cjgpb.
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Two novel mutants which affect the adaptative responses of barley seedlings to different abiotic stresses are described. They allow us to explore some aspects of adaptative phenomena that are little known in higher plants. One of these mutants corresponds to a nuclear gene which under certain circumstances in the wild type barley induces additional ethylene production in the seedling roots. This mechanism seems to be involved in inducing a negative hydrotropic growth of the roots, a phenomenon that we interpret as a response avoiding waterlogging. The other mutant corresponds to a plastid encoded gene which is involved in photosystem I and II stability and, probably, indirectly affects the acclimation of the seedlings to higher temperatures, a fact which seems to occur through the control of unsaturation/saturation levels of the thylakoid membrane fatty acids.
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Kosakivska, I. V. "GIBBERELLINS IN REGULATION OF PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT UNDER ABIOTIC STRESSES." Biotechnologia Acta 14, no. 2 (February 2021): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech14.02.005.
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Background. Gibberellins (GAs), a class of diterpenoid phytohormones, play an important role in regulation of plant growth and development. Among more than 130 different gibberellin molecules, only a few are bioactive. GA1, GA3, GA4, and GA7 regulate plant growth through promotion the degradation of the DELLA proteins, a family of nuclear growth repressors – negative regulator of GAs signaling. Recent studies on GAs biosynthesis, metabolism, transport, and signaling, as well as crosstalk with other phytohormones and environment have achieved great progress thanks to molecular genetics and functional genomics. Aim. In this review, we focused on the role of GAs in regulation of plant gtowth in abiotic stress conditions. Results. We represented a key information on GAs biosynthesis, signaling and functional activity; summarized current understanding of the crosstalk between GAs and auxin, cytokinin, abscisic acid and other hormones and what is the role of GAs in regulation of adaptation to drought, salinization, high and low temperature conditions, and heavy metal pollution. We emphasize that the effects of GAs depend primarily on the strength and duration of stress and the phase of ontogenesis and tolerance of the plant. By changing the intensity of biosynthesis, the pattern of the distribution and signaling of GAs, plants are able to regulate resistance to abiotic stress, increase viability and even avoid stress. The issues of using retardants – inhibitors of GAs biosynthesis to study the functional activity of hormones under abiotic stresses were discussed. Special attention was focused on the use of exogenous GAs for pre-sowing priming of seeds and foliar treatment of plants. Conclusion. Further study of the role of gibberellins in the acquisition of stress resistance would contribute to the development of biotechnology of exogenous use of the hormone to improve growth and increase plant yields under adverse environmental conditions.
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Habibpourmehraban, Fatemeh, Brian J. Atwell, and Paul A. Haynes. "Unique and Shared Proteome Responses of Rice Plants (Oryza sativa) to Individual Abiotic Stresses." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 24 (December 8, 2022): 15552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415552.
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Food safety of staple crops such as rice is of global concern and is at the top of the policy agenda worldwide. Abiotic stresses are one of the main limitations to optimizing yields for sustainability, food security and food safety. We analyzed proteome changes in Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare in response to five adverse abiotic treatments, including three levels of drought (mild, moderate, and severe), soil salinization, and non-optimal temperatures. All treatments had modest, negative effects on plant growth, enabling us to identify proteins that were common to all stresses, or unique to one. More than 75% of the total of differentially abundant proteins in response to abiotic stresses were specific to individual stresses, while fewer than 5% of stress-induced proteins were shared across all abiotic constraints. Stress-specific and non-specific stress-responsive proteins identified were categorized in terms of core biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular localization.
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Francini and Sebastiani. "Abiotic Stress Effects on Performance of Horticultural Crops." Horticulturae 5, no. 4 (September 26, 2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae5040067.
Full textAbstract:
The yield and quality of horticultural crops mainly depend on genotype, environmental conditions, and cultivation management. Abiotic stresses, such as adverse environmental conditions, can strongly reduce crop performance, with crop yield losses ranging from 50% to 70%. The most common abiotic stresses are represented by cold, heat, drought, flooding, salinity, nutrient deficiency, and high and low light intensities, including ultraviolet radiation. These abiotic stresses affect multiple physiological and biochemical processes in plants. The ability of plants to face these stresses depends on their adaptation aptitude, and tolerant plants may express different strategies to adapt to or avoid the negative effects of abiotic stresses. At the physiological level, photosynthetic activity and light-use efficiency of plants may be modulated to enhance tolerance against the stress. At the biochemical level, several antioxidant systems can be activated, and many enzymes may produce stress-related metabolites to help avoid cellular damage, including such compounds as proline, glycine betaine, amino acids, etc. This special issue gathers eight papers; three are reviews and five are research papers. Two reviews are focused on the application of appropriate agronomic strategies for counteracting the negative effects of abiotic stresses. The third review is based on ornamental plant production under drought stress conditions and the effect on their ornamental quality. The research papers report the effect of climate change on crop development, yield, and quality. Abiotic stresses have been proven to reduce crop performance and yield. Research studies are essential for understanding the key adaptation strategies of plants that can be exploited for improving the crop stress tolerance.
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Romero-Puertas, María C., Laura C. Terrón-Camero, M. Ángeles Peláez-Vico, Eliana Molina-Moya, and Luisa M. Sandalio. "An update on redox signals in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress crosstalk: insights from cadmium and fungal pathogen interactions." Journal of Experimental Botany 72, no. 16 (June 10, 2021): 5857–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab271.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Complex signalling pathways are involved in plant protection against single and combined stresses. Plants are able to coordinate genome-wide transcriptional reprogramming and display a unique programme of transcriptional responses to a combination of stresses that differs from the response to single stresses. However, a significant overlap between pathways and some defence genes in the form of shared and general stress-responsive genes appears to be commonly involved in responses to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, as well as redox signals, are key molecules involved at the crossroads of the perception of different stress factors and the regulation of both specific and general plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this review, we focus on crosstalk between plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, in addition to possible plant protection against pathogens caused by previous abiotic stress. Bioinformatic analyses of transcriptome data from cadmium- and fungal pathogen-treated plants focusing on redox gene ontology categories were carried out to gain a better understanding of common plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. The role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the complex network involved in plant responses to changes in their environment is also discussed.
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Halder, Tanushree, Mukesh Choudhary, Hui Liu, Yinglong Chen, Guijun Yan, and Kadambot H. M. Siddique. "Wheat Proteomics for Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Root System Architecture: Current Status and Future Prospects." Proteomes 10, no. 2 (May 22, 2022): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proteomes10020017.
Full textAbstract:
Wheat is an important staple cereal for global food security. However, climate change is hampering wheat production due to abiotic stresses, such as heat, salinity, and drought. Besides shoot architectural traits, improving root system architecture (RSA) traits have the potential to improve yields under normal and stressed environments. RSA growth and development and other stress responses involve the expression of proteins encoded by the trait controlling gene/genes. Hence, mining the key proteins associated with abiotic stress responses and RSA is important for improving sustainable yields in wheat. Proteomic studies in wheat started in the early 21st century using the two-dimensional (2-DE) gel technique and have extensively improved over time with advancements in mass spectrometry. The availability of the wheat reference genome has allowed the exploration of proteomics to identify differentially expressed or abundant proteins (DEPs or DAPs) for abiotic stress tolerance and RSA improvement. Proteomics contributed significantly to identifying key proteins imparting abiotic stress tolerance, primarily related to photosynthesis, protein synthesis, carbon metabolism, redox homeostasis, defense response, energy metabolism and signal transduction. However, the use of proteomics to improve RSA traits in wheat is in its infancy. Proteins related to cell wall biogenesis, carbohydrate metabolism, brassinosteroid biosynthesis, and transportation are involved in the growth and development of several RSA traits. This review covers advances in quantification techniques of proteomics, progress in identifying DEPs and/or DAPs for heat, salinity, and drought stresses, and RSA traits, and the limitations and future directions for harnessing proteomics in wheat improvement.