Journal articles: 'Abiotic stress adaptation'

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Ollat, N., S. J. Cookson, A. Destrac-Irvine, V. Lauvergeat, F. Ouaked-Lecourieux, E. Marguerit, F. Barrieu, et al. "Grapevine adaptation to abiotic stress: an overview." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1248 (August 2019): 497–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2019.1248.68.

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Birkeland, Siri, A. Lovisa S. Gustafsson, Anne K. Brysting, Christian Brochmann, and Michael D. Nowak. "Multiple Genetic Trajectories to Extreme Abiotic Stress Adaptation in Arctic Brassicaceae." Molecular Biology and Evolution 37, no. 7 (March 13, 2020): 2052–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa068.

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Abstract Extreme environments offer powerful opportunities to study how different organisms have adapted to similar selection pressures at the molecular level. Arctic plants have adapted to some of the coldest and driest biomes on Earth and typically possess suites of similar morphological and physiological adaptations to extremes in light and temperature. Here, we compare patterns of molecular evolution in three Brassicaceae species that have independently colonized the Arctic and present some of the first genetic evidence for plant adaptations to the Arctic environment. By testing for positive selection and identifying convergent substitutions in orthologous gene alignments for a total of 15 Brassicaceae species, we find that positive selection has been acting on different genes, but similar functional pathways in the three Arctic lineages. The positively selected gene sets identified in the three Arctic species showed convergent functional profiles associated with extreme abiotic stress characteristic of the Arctic. However, there was little evidence for independently fixed mutations at the same sites and for positive selection acting on the same genes. The three species appear to have evolved similar suites of adaptations by modifying different components in similar stress response pathways, implying that there could be many genetic trajectories for adaptation to the Arctic environment. By identifying candidate genes and functional pathways potentially involved in Arctic adaptation, our results provide a framework for future studies aimed at testing for the existence of a functional syndrome of Arctic adaptation in the Brassicaceae and perhaps flowering plants in general.

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Böndel, Katharina B., Tetyana Nosenko, and Wolfgang Stephan. "Signatures of natural selection in abiotic stress-responsive genes of Solanum chilense." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 1 (January 2018): 171198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171198.

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Environmental conditions are strong selective forces, which may influence adaptation and speciation. The wild tomato species Solanum chilense , native to South America, is exposed to a range of abiotic stress factors. To identify signatures of natural selection and local adaptation, we analysed 16 genes involved in the abiotic stress response and compared the results to a set of reference genes in 23 populations across the entire species range. The abiotic stress-responsive genes are characterized by elevated nonsynonymous nucleotide diversity and divergence. We detected signatures of positive selection in several abiotic stress-responsive genes on both the population and species levels. Local adaptation to abiotic stresses is particularly apparent at the boundary of the species distribution in populations from coastal low-altitude and mountainous high-altitude regions.

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Boulc’h, Pierre-Nicolas, Emma Caullireau, Elvina Faucher, Maverick Gouerou, Amandine Guérin, Romane Miray, and Ivan Couée. "Abiotic stress signalling in extremophile land plants." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 19 (July 21, 2020): 5771–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa336.

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Abstract Plant life relies on complex arrays of environmental stress sensing and signalling mechanisms. Extremophile plants develop and grow in harsh environments with extremes of cold, heat, drought, desiccation, or salinity, which have resulted in original adaptations. In accordance with their polyphyletic origins, extremophile plants likely possess core mechanisms of plant abiotic stress signalling. However, novel properties or regulations may have emerged in the context of extremophile adaptations. Comparative omics of extremophile genetic models, such as Arabidopsis lyrata, Craterostigma plantagineum, Eutrema salsugineum, and Physcomitrella patens, reveal diverse strategies of sensing and signalling that lead to a general improvement in abiotic stress responses. Current research points to putative differences of sensing and emphasizes significant modifications of regulatory mechanisms, at the level of secondary messengers (Ca2+, phospholipids, reactive oxygen species), signal transduction (intracellular sensors, protein kinases, transcription factors, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis) or signalling crosstalk. Involvement of hormone signalling, especially ABA signalling, cell homeostasis surveillance, and epigenetic mechanisms, also shows that large-scale gene regulation, whole-plant integration, and probably stress memory are important features of adaptation to extreme conditions. This evolutionary and functional plasticity of signalling systems in extremophile plants may have important implications for plant biotechnology, crop improvement, and ecological risk assessment under conditions of climate change.

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Rane, Jagadish, Ajay Kumar Singh, Mahesh Kumar, Karnar M. Boraiah, Kamlesh K. Meena, Aliza Pradhan, and P. V. Vara Prasad. "The Adaptation and Tolerance of Major Cereals and Legumes to Important Abiotic Stresses." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 23 (November 30, 2021): 12970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222312970.

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Abiotic stresses, including drought, extreme temperatures, salinity, and waterlogging, are the major constraints in crop production. These abiotic stresses are likely to be amplified by climate change with varying temporal and spatial dimensions across the globe. The knowledge about the effects of abiotic stressors on major cereal and legume crops is essential for effective management in unfavorable agro-ecologies. These crops are critical components of cropping systems and the daily diets of millions across the globe. Major cereals like rice, wheat, and maize are highly vulnerable to abiotic stresses, while many grain legumes are grown in abiotic stress-prone areas. Despite extensive investigations, abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants is not fully understood. Current insights into the abiotic stress responses of plants have shown the potential to improve crop tolerance to abiotic stresses. Studies aimed at stress tolerance mechanisms have resulted in the elucidation of traits associated with tolerance in plants, in addition to the molecular control of stress-responsive genes. Some of these studies have paved the way for new opportunities to address the molecular basis of stress responses in plants and identify novel traits and associated genes for the genetic improvement of crop plants. The present review examines the responses of crops under abiotic stresses in terms of changes in morphology, physiology, and biochemistry, focusing on major cereals and legume crops. It also explores emerging opportunities to accelerate our efforts to identify desired traits and genes associated with stress tolerance.

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Limberger, Romana, and Gregor F. Fussmann. "Adaptation and competition in deteriorating environments." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1946 (March 10, 2021): 20202967. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2967.

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Evolution might rescue populations from extinction in changing environments. Using experimental evolution with microalgae, we investigated if competition influences adaptation to an abiotic stressor, and vice versa, if adaptation to abiotic change influences competition. In a first set of experiments, we propagated monocultures of five species with and without increasing salt stress for approximately 180 generations. When assayed in monoculture, two of the five species showed signatures of adaptation, that is, lines with a history of salt stress had higher population growth rates at high salt than lines without prior exposure to salt. When assayed in mixtures of species, however, only one of these two species had increased population size at high salt, indicating that competition can alter how adaptation to abiotic change influences population dynamics. In a second experiment, we cultivated two species in monocultures and in pairs, with and without increasing salt. While we found no effect of competition on adaptation to salt, our experiment revealed that evolutionary responses to salt can influence competition. Specifically, one of the two species had reduced competitive ability in the no-salt environment after long-term exposure to salt stress. Collectively, our results highlight the complex interplay of adaptation to abiotic change and competitive interactions.

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Punzo, Paola, Stefania Grillo, and Giorgia Batelli. "Alternative splicing in plant abiotic stress responses." Biochemical Society Transactions 48, no. 5 (September 1, 2020): 2117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20200281.

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Modifications of the cellular proteome pool upon stress allow plants to tolerate environmental changes. Alternative splicing is the most significant mechanism responsible for the production of multiple protein isoforms from a single gene. The spliceosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex, together with several associated proteins, controls this pre-mRNA processing, adding an additional level of regulation to gene expression. Deep sequencing of transcriptomes revealed that this co- or post-transcriptional mechanism is highly induced by abiotic stress, and concerns vast numbers of stress-related genes. Confirming the importance of splicing in plant stress adaptation, key players of stress signaling have been shown to encode alternative transcripts, whereas mutants lacking splicing factors or associated components show a modified sensitivity and defective responses to abiotic stress. Here, we examine recent literature on alternative splicing and splicing alterations in response to environmental stresses, focusing on its role in stress adaptation and analyzing the future perspectives and directions for research.

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Abobatta, Waleed Fouad. "Fruit orchards under climate change conditions: adaptation strategies and management." Journal of Applied Biotechnology & Bioengineering 8, no. 3 (2021): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jabb.2021.08.00260.

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Under global warming and climate change conditions fruit orchards facing different environmental challenges which cause negative impacts on the growth and productivity of various fruit trees particularly in arid and semi-arid areas, various abiotic stress such as rising temperature, drought, heatwaves, and soil salinity represented a major challenge for growth and productivity of fruit orchards. Fruit trees used different strategies to cope with abiotic stress and minimize their adverse effects. Plants used different physiological, anatomical, and morphological mechanisms to tolerate abiotic stress, such as ion homeostasis, synthesis of more compatible solute, polyamines production, antioxidant regulation, closing stomata, in addition tol modification of root system, abscission of the leaves partially, compactness canopy, reducing leaf size, furthermore, under abiotic stress plants produce various organic solutes to cope with Reactive Oxygen solutes like Proline, in addition, using proper management practices that include providing adequate nutrients requirement particularly Potassium and Calcium, maintain soil moisture, using proper rootstocks tolerant for drought and salinity stress as well as exogenous application of plant growth substances could sustain orchards growth and productivity

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Dwivedi, Sangam L., Salvatore Ceccarelli, Matthew W. Blair, Hari D. Upadhyaya, Ashok K. Are, and Rodomiro Ortiz. "Landrace Germplasm for Improving Yield and Abiotic Stress Adaptation." Trends in Plant Science 21, no. 1 (January 2016): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2015.10.012.

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Ruehl, E. H., and J. Schmid. "ROOTSTOCK BREEDING BETWEEN SITE ADAPTATION AND ABIOTIC STRESS TOLERANCE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1045 (July 2014): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2014.1045.15.

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Blakeslee, Joshua J., Tatiana Spatola Rossi, and Verena Kriechbaumer. "Auxin biosynthesis: spatial regulation and adaptation to stress." Journal of Experimental Botany 70, no. 19 (June 13, 2019): 5041–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz283.

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This review highlights recent advances in TAA/YUC-dependent auxin biosynthesis focusing on subcellular localization of auxin biosynthetic enzymes, differential regulation in root and shoot, and the influence of abiotic stress.

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Matsui, Akihiro, Kentaro Nakaminami, and Motoaki Seki. "Biological Function of Changes in RNA Metabolism in Plant Adaptation to Abiotic Stress." Plant and Cell Physiology 60, no. 9 (May 7, 2019): 1897–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcz068.

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Abstract Plant growth and productivity are greatly impacted by environmental stresses. Therefore, plants have evolved various sophisticated mechanisms for adaptation to nonoptimal environments. Recent studies using RNA metabolism-related mutants have revealed that RNA processing, RNA decay and RNA stability play an important role in regulating gene expression at a post-transcriptional level in response to abiotic stresses. Studies indicate that RNA metabolism is a unified network, and modification of stress adaptation-related transcripts at multiple steps of RNA metabolism is necessary to control abiotic stress-related gene expression. Recent studies have also demonstrated the important role of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in regulating abiotic stress-related gene expression and revealed their involvement in various biological functions through their regulation of DNA methylation, DNA structural modifications, histone modifications and RNA–RNA interactions. ncRNAs regulate mRNA transcription and their synthesis is affected by mRNA processing and degradation. In the present review, recent findings pertaining to the role of the metabolic regulation of mRNAs and ncRNAs in abiotic stress adaptation are summarized and discussed.

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Gechev, Tsanko, and Veselin Petrov. "Reactive Oxygen Species and Abiotic Stress in Plants." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 20 (October 9, 2020): 7433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207433.

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Abiotic stresses cause plant growth inhibition, damage, and in the most severe cases, cell death, resulting in major crop yield losses worldwide. Many abiotic stresses lead also to oxidative stress. Recent genetic and genomics studies have revealed highly complex and integrated gene networks which are responsible for stress adaptation. Here we summarize the main findings of the papers published in the Special Issue “ROS and Abiotic Stress in Plants”, providing a global picture of the link between reactive oxygen species and various abiotic stresses such as acid toxicity, drought, heat, heavy metals, osmotic stress, oxidative stress, and salinity.

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Pathak, Himanshu, Mahesh Kumar, Kutubuddin A Molla, and Koushik Chakraborty. "Abiotic stresses in rice production: Impacts and management." Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 58, Special (April 22, 2021): 103–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2021.58.spl.4.

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Rice, a key staple food crop in the world and India, offers food and nutrition security to millions of the global population. Abiotic (water, soil, atmospheric) stresses affect yield and quality of rice. This necessitates stress-resilient rice production technologies sufficiently fortified by novel stress mitigation and adaptation strategies. Recent crop improvement strategy has partially managed to resolve the challenges presented by abiotic stresses such as high temperature, drought, salinity, alkalinity, waterlogging and mineral deficiency. The complication and multiplicity of abiotic stresses necessitate the use of extensive, integrative and multi-disciplinary techniques to achieve resilience. Crop improvement, along with the agronomic interventions, is essential to stabilise the productivity and profitability of rice production. This article gives an overview of the potential impacts of abiotic stress on rice and suggests the adaptation and mitigation strategies.

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NWANADE, CHUKS FIDELIS, ZI-HAO WANG, RU-WEI BAI, RUO-TONG WANG, TIAN-AI ZHANG, JING-ZE LIU, and ZHI-JUN YU. "DNA methylation as a possible mechanism responsible for Haemaphysalis longicornis response to low temperature stress." Zoosymposia 22 (November 30, 2022): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.22.1.89.

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Abiotic stress is an important factor that can influence the survival and development of ticks. DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification that has been implicated in the adaptation of plants and insects to abiotic stress, but its role in the response of ticks to abiotic stress remains unclear. Herein, we explore the DNA methylation profile of the tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis exposed to low-temperature stress using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS).

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Miryeganeh, Matin. "Plants’ Epigenetic Mechanisms and Abiotic Stress." Genes 12, no. 8 (July 21, 2021): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12081106.

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Plants are sessile organisms that need to adapt to constantly changing environmental conditions. Unpredictable climate change places plants under a variety of abiotic stresses. Studying the regulation of stress-responsive genes can help to understand plants’ ability to adapt to fluctuating environmental conditions. Changes in epigenetic marks such as histone modifications and DNA methylation are known to regulate gene expression by their dynamic variation in response to stimuli. This can then affect their phenotypic plasticity, which helps with the adaptation of plants to adverse conditions. Epigenetic marks may also provide a mechanistic basis for stress memory, which enables plants to respond more effectively and efficiently to recurring stress and prepare offspring for potential future stresses. Studying epigenetic changes in addition to genetic factors is important to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying plant stress responses. This review summarizes the epigenetic mechanisms behind plant responses to some main abiotic stresses.

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Blum, A. "The abiotic stress response and adaptation of triticale — A review." Cereal Research Communications 42, no. 3 (September 2014): 359–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/crc.42.2014.3.1.

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Lawlor, David. "Abiotic Stress Adaptation in Plants. Physiological, Molecular and Genomic Foundation." Annals of Botany 107, no. 4 (April 2011): vii—ix. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcr053.

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Francini and Sebastiani. "Abiotic Stress Effects on Performance of Horticultural Crops." Horticulturae 5, no. 4 (September 26, 2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae5040067.

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The yield and quality of horticultural crops mainly depend on genotype, environmental conditions, and cultivation management. Abiotic stresses, such as adverse environmental conditions, can strongly reduce crop performance, with crop yield losses ranging from 50% to 70%. The most common abiotic stresses are represented by cold, heat, drought, flooding, salinity, nutrient deficiency, and high and low light intensities, including ultraviolet radiation. These abiotic stresses affect multiple physiological and biochemical processes in plants. The ability of plants to face these stresses depends on their adaptation aptitude, and tolerant plants may express different strategies to adapt to or avoid the negative effects of abiotic stresses. At the physiological level, photosynthetic activity and light-use efficiency of plants may be modulated to enhance tolerance against the stress. At the biochemical level, several antioxidant systems can be activated, and many enzymes may produce stress-related metabolites to help avoid cellular damage, including such compounds as proline, glycine betaine, amino acids, etc. This special issue gathers eight papers; three are reviews and five are research papers. Two reviews are focused on the application of appropriate agronomic strategies for counteracting the negative effects of abiotic stresses. The third review is based on ornamental plant production under drought stress conditions and the effect on their ornamental quality. The research papers report the effect of climate change on crop development, yield, and quality. Abiotic stresses have been proven to reduce crop performance and yield. Research studies are essential for understanding the key adaptation strategies of plants that can be exploited for improving the crop stress tolerance.

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Hura, Tomasz. "Wheat and Barley: Acclimatization to Abiotic and Biotic Stress." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 19 (October 8, 2020): 7423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197423.

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Twelve articles (ten research papers and two reviews) included in the Special Issue entitled “Wheat and Barley: Acclimatization to Abiotic and Biotic Stress” are summed up here to present the latest research on the molecular background of adaptation to environmental stresses in two cereal species. Crucial research results were presented and discussed, as they may be of importance in breeding aimed at increasing wheat and barley tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses.

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Milosevic, Nada, Jelena Marinkovic, and Branislava Tintor. "Mitigating abiotic stress in crop plants by microorganisms." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 123 (2012): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn1223017m.

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Microorganisms could play an important role in adaptation strategies and increase of tolerance to abiotic stresses in agricultural plants. Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) mitigate most effectively the impact of abiotic stresses (drought, low temperature, salinity, metal toxicity, and high temperatures) on plants through the production of exopolysaccharates and biofilm formation. PGPR mitigate the impact of drought on plants through a process so-called induced systemic tolerance (IST), which includes: a) bacterial production of cytokinins, b) production of antioxidants and c) degradation of the ethylene precursor ACC by bacterial ACC deaminase. Symbiotic fungi (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) and dual symbiotic systems (endophytic rhizospheric bacteria and symbiotic fungi) also tend to mitigate the abiotic stress in plants.

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Li, Yaoqi, Yinai Liu, Libo Jin, and Renyi Peng. "Crosstalk between Ca2+ and Other Regulators Assists Plants in Responding to Abiotic Stress." Plants 11, no. 10 (May 19, 2022): 1351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11101351.

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Plants have evolved many strategies for adaptation to extreme environments. Ca2+, acting as an important secondary messenger in plant cells, is a signaling molecule involved in plants’ response and adaptation to external stress. In plant cells, almost all kinds of abiotic stresses are able to raise cytosolic Ca2+ levels, and the spatiotemporal distribution of this molecule in distant cells suggests that Ca2+ may be a universal signal regulating different kinds of abiotic stress. Ca2+ is used to sense and transduce various stress signals through its downstream calcium-binding proteins, thereby inducing a series of biochemical reactions to adapt to or resist various stresses. This review summarizes the roles and molecular mechanisms of cytosolic Ca2+ in response to abiotic stresses such as drought, high salinity, ultraviolet light, heavy metals, waterlogging, extreme temperature and wounding. Furthermore, we focused on the crosstalk between Ca2+ and other signaling molecules in plants suffering from extreme environmental stress.

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MacMillan, Phoebe, Generosa Teixeira, Carlos M. Lopes, and Ana Monteiro. "The role of grapevine leaf morphoanatomical traits in determining capacity for coping with abiotic stresses: a review." Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola 36, no. 1 (2021): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ctv/ctv2021360175.

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Worldwide, there are thousands of Vitis vinifera grape cultivars used for wine production, creating a large morphological, anatomical, physiological and molecular diversity that needs to be further characterised and explored, with a focus on their capacity to withstand biotic and abiotic stresses. This knowledge can then be used to select better adapted genotypes in order to help face the challenges of the expected climate changes in the near future. It will also assist grape growers in choosing the most suitable cultivar(s) for each terroir; with adaptation to drought and heat stresses being a fundamental characteristic. The leaf blade of grapevines is the most exposed organ to abiotic stresses, therefore its study regarding the tolerance to water and heat stress is becoming particularly important, mainly in Mediterranean viticulture. This review focuses on grapevine leaf morphoanatomy - leaf blade form, leaf epidermis characteristics (cuticle, indumentum, pavement cells and stomata) and anatomy of mesophyll - and their adaptation to abiotic stresses. V. vinifera xylem architecture and its adaptation capacity when the grapevine is subjected to water stress is also highlighted since grapevines have been observed to exhibit a large variability in responses to water availability. The hydraulic properties of the petiole, shoot and trunk are also reviewed. Summarising, this paper reviews recent advances related to the adaptation of grapevine leaf morphoanatomical features and hydraulic architecture to abiotic stresses, mainly water and heat stress, induced primarily by an ever-changing global climate.

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Wang, Yijie, and Jose Ramón Botella. "Heterotrimeric G Protein Signaling in Abiotic Stress." Plants 11, no. 7 (March 25, 2022): 876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11070876.

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As sessile organisms, plants exhibit extraordinary plasticity and have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to adapt and mitigate the adverse effects of environmental fluctuations. Heterotrimeric G proteins (G proteins), composed of α, β, and γ subunits, are universal signaling molecules mediating the response to a myriad of internal and external signals. Numerous studies have identified G proteins as essential components of the organismal response to stress, leading to adaptation and ultimately survival in plants and animal systems. In plants, G proteins control multiple signaling pathways regulating the response to drought, salt, cold, and heat stresses. G proteins signal through two functional modules, the Gα subunit and the Gβγ dimer, each of which can start either independent or interdependent signaling pathways. Improving the understanding of the role of G proteins in stress reactions can lead to the development of more resilient crops through traditional breeding or biotechnological methods, ensuring global food security. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge on the roles of the different G protein subunits in response to abiotic stress and suggest future directions for research.

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Soto, G., M. Stritzler, C. Lisi, K. Alleva, M. E. Pagano, F. Ardila, M. Mozzicafreddo, M. Cuccioloni, M. Angeletti, and N. D. Ayub. "Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase regulates the mevalonate pathway during abiotic stress adaptation." Journal of Experimental Botany 62, no. 15 (September 9, 2011): 5699–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/err287.

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Venzhik, Yu V., S. Yu Shchyogolev, and L. A. Dykman. "Ultrastructural Reorganization of Chloroplasts during Plant Adaptation to Abiotic Stress Factors." Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 66, no. 6 (November 2019): 850–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s102144371906013x.

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Wentworth, Mark, Erik H. Murchie, Julie E. Gray, Daniel Villegas, Claudio Pastenes, Manuel Pinto, and Peter Horton. "Differential adaptation of two varieties of common bean to abiotic stress." Journal of Experimental Botany 57, no. 3 (January 16, 2006): 699–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erj061.

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Lizana, Carolina, Mark Wentworth, Juan P. Martinez, Daniel Villegas, Rodrigo Meneses, Erik H. Murchie, Claudio Pastenes, et al. "Differential adaptation of two varieties of common bean to abiotic stress." Journal of Experimental Botany 57, no. 3 (January 16, 2006): 685–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erj062.

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Sziderics, A. H., F. Rasche, F. Trognitz, A. Sessitsch, and E. Wilhelm. "Bacterial endophytes contribute to abiotic stress adaptation in pepper plants (Capsicum annuumL.)." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 53, no. 11 (November 2007): 1195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w07-082.

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Endophytes are nonpathogenic plant-associated bacteria that can play an important role in plant vitality and may confer resistance to abiotic or biotic stress. The effects of 5 endophytic bacterial strains isolated from pepper plants showing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity were studied in sweet pepper under in vitro conditions. Four of the strains tested showed production of indole acetic acid. Plant growth, osmotic potential, free proline content, and gene expression were monitored in leaves and roots under control and mild osmotic stress conditions. All indole acetate producers promoted growth in Capsicum annuum L. ‘Ziegenhorn Bello’, from which they were isolated. Osmotic stress caused an increase in the content of free proline in the leaves of both inoculated and noninoculated plants. Inoculated control plants also revealed higher proline levels in comparison with noninoculated control plants. Differential gene expression patterns of CaACCO, CaLTPI, CaSAR82A, and putative P5CR and P5CS genes during moderate stress were observed, depending on the bacterium applied. Inoculation with 2 bacterial strains, EZB4 and EZB8 ( Arthrobacter sp. and Bacillus sp., respectively), resulted in a significantly reduced upregulation or even downregulation of the stress-inducible genes CaACCO and CaLTPI, as compared with the gene expression in noninoculated plants. This indicates that both strains reduced abiotic stress in pepper under the conditions tested.

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Sun, Minghui, Zhuo Yang, Li Liu, and Liu Duan. "DNA Methylation in Plant Responses and Adaption to Abiotic Stresses." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 13 (June 21, 2022): 6910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23136910.

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Due to their sessile state, plants are inevitably affected by and respond to the external environment. So far, plants have developed multiple adaptation and regulation strategies to abiotic stresses. One such system is epigenetic regulation, among which DNA methylation is one of the earliest and most studied regulatory mechanisms, which can regulate genome functioning and induce plant resistance and adaption to abiotic stresses. In this review, we outline the most recent findings on plant DNA methylation responses to drought, high temperature, cold, salt, and heavy metal stresses. In addition, we discuss stress memory regulated by DNA methylation, both in a transient way and the long-term memory that could pass to next generations. To sum up, the present review furnishes an updated account of DNA methylation in plant responses and adaptations to abiotic stresses.

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Niu, Lili, Hanghang Li, Zhihua Song, Biying Dong, Hongyan Cao, Tengyue Liu, Tingting Du, et al. "The functional analysis of ABCG transporters in the adaptation of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) to abiotic stresses." PeerJ 9 (January 19, 2021): e10688. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10688.

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ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a class of proteins found in living organisms that mediate transmembrane transport by hydrolyzing ATP. They play a vital role in the physiological processes of growth and development in plants. The most numerous sub-type transporter in the ABC transporter family is the ABCG group and which have the most complex function in a plant’s response to abiotic stresses. Our study focused on the effect of ABCG transporters in the adaptation of the pigeon pea to adverse environments (such as drought, salt, temperature, etc.). We conducted a functional analysis of ABCG transporters in the pigeon pea and their role in response to abiotic stresses. A total of 51 ABCG genes (CcABCGs) were identified, and phylogenetic analysis was conducted. We also identified the physicochemical properties of the encoded proteins, predicted their subcellular localization, and identified of the conserved domains. Expression analysis showed that ABCG genes have different expression profiles with tissues and abiotic stresses. Our results showed that CcABCG28 was up-regulated at low temperatures, and CcABCG7 was up-regulated with drought and aluminum stress. The initial results revealed that ABCG transporters are more effective in the abiotic stress resistance of pigeon peas, which improves our understanding of their application in abiotic stress resistance.

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Tyagi, Swati, Pramod Gorakhanath Kabade, Niranjani Gnanapragasam, Uma Maheshwar Singh, Anoop Kishor Singh Gurjar, Ashutosh Rai, Pallavi Sinha, Arvind Kumar, and Vikas Kumar Singh. "Codon Usage Provide Insights into the Adaptation of Rice Genes under Stress Condition." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2 (January 6, 2023): 1098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021098.

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Plants experience different stresses, i.e., abiotic, or biotic, and to combat them, plants re-program the expression of growth-, metabolism-, and resistance-related genes. These genes differ in their synonymous codon usage frequency and show codon usage bias. Here, we investigated the correlation among codon usage bias, gene expression, and underlying mechanisms in rice under abiotic and biotic stress conditions. The results indicated that genes with higher expression (up- or downregulated) levels had high GC content (≥60%), a low effective number of codon usage (≤40), and exhibited strong biases towards the codons with C/G at the third nucleotide position, irrespective of stress received. TTC, ATC, and CTC were the most preferred codons, while TAC, CAC, AAC, GAC, and TGC were moderately preferred under any stress (abiotic or biotic) condition. Additionally, downregulated genes are under mutational pressure (R2 ≥ 0.5) while upregulated genes are under natural selection pressure (R2 ≤ 0.5). Based on these results, we also identified the possible target codons that can be used to design an optimized set of genes with specific codons to develop climate-resilient varieties. Conclusively, under stress, rice has a bias towards codon usage which is correlated with GC content, gene expression level, and gene length.

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Du, Hanwei, JiaJia Chen, Haiying Zhan, Shen Li, Yusheng Wang, Wei Wang, and Xiuli Hu. "The Roles of CDPKs as a Convergence Point of Different Signaling Pathways in Maize Adaptation to Abiotic Stress." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 3 (January 24, 2023): 2325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032325.

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The calcium ion (Ca2+), as a well-known second messenger, plays an important role in multiple processes of growth, development, and stress adaptation in plants. As central Ca2+ sensor proteins and a multifunctional kinase family, calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are widely present in plants. In maize, the signal transduction processes involved in ZmCDPKs’ responses to abiotic stresses have also been well elucidated. In addition to Ca2+ signaling, maize ZmCDPKs are also regulated by a variety of abiotic stresses, and they transmit signals to downstream target molecules, such as transport proteins, transcription factors, molecular chaperones, and other protein kinases, through protein interaction or phosphorylation, etc., thus changing their activity, triggering a series of cascade reactions, and being involved in hormone and reactive oxygen signaling regulation. As such, ZmCDPKs play an indispensable role in regulating maize growth, development, and stress responses. In this review, we summarize the roles of ZmCDPKs as a convergence point of different signaling pathways in regulating maize response to abiotic stress, which will promote an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of ZmCDPKs in maize tolerance to abiotic stress and open new opportunities for agricultural applications.

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Farnham, Mark W., and Thomas Bjorkman. "Breeding Vegetables Adapted to High Temperatures: A Case Study with Broccoli." HortScience 46, no. 8 (August 2011): 1093–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.46.8.1093.

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Breeding a vegetable crop for adaptation to a temperature regime that is higher than the recognized optimum for the species in question is an example of breeding for abiotic stress tolerance. Before embarking on a project to breed for such stress tolerance, we propose that several critical considerations or questions must be addressed. These considerations include the following: 1) What is the effect of the abiotic stress on the crop to be improved; 2) what will be the conditions of the selection environment; 3) what germplasm is available that contains the necessary genetic variation to initiate improvement; 4) what breeding scheme will be used to facilitate improvement; and 5) what will be the specific goals of the breeding effort? We use a case study with broccoli to breed for adaptation to high-temperature environments to provide examples of how each of these considerations might be addressed in developing an improvement effort. Based on documented success with this case study in which broccoli quality and performance under high-temperature summer environments has been improved, insights are provided that should be useful to future attempts to breed vegetables more tolerant of an abiotic stress.

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Jose, Jeny, and Zsófia Bánfalvi. "The role of GIGANTEA in flowering and abiotic stress adaptation in plants." Columella : Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences 6, no. 1 (2019): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18380/szie.colum.2019.6.1.7.

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Leskovar, Daniel I. "Seedling Morphological and Physiological Adaptation to Abiotic Stress: Introduction to the Colloquium." HortScience 30, no. 6 (October 1995): 1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.6.1152.

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Tripathi, Amit K., Ashwani Pareek, and Sneh Lata Singla-Pareek. "A NAP-Family Histone Chaperone Functions in Abiotic Stress Response and Adaptation." Plant Physiology 171, no. 4 (June 24, 2016): 2854–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.16.00408.

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Tapia, César, Elena Torres, and Mauricio Parra-Quijano. "Searching for Adaptation to Abiotic Stress: Ecogeographical Analysis of Highland Ecuadorian Maize." Crop Science 55, no. 1 (January 2015): 262–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2013.12.0813.

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Atif, Shahid, Waqas, Ali, Rashid, Azeem, Nawaz, Wani, and Chung. "Insights on Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases (CPKs) Signaling for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 21 (October 24, 2019): 5298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20215298.

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Abiotic stresses are the major limiting factors influencing the growth and productivity of plants species. To combat these stresses, plants can modify numerous physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes through cellular and subcellular signaling pathways. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs or CPKs) are the unique and key calcium-binding proteins, which act as a sensor for the increase and decrease in the calcium (Ca) concentrations. These Ca flux signals are decrypted and interpreted into the phosphorylation events, which are crucial for signal transduction processes. Several functional and expression studies of different CPKs and their encoding genes validated their versatile role for abiotic stress tolerance in plants. CPKs are indispensable for modulating abiotic stress tolerance through activation and regulation of several genes, transcription factors, enzymes, and ion channels. CPKs have been involved in supporting plant adaptation under drought, salinity, and heat and cold stress environments. Diverse functions of plant CPKs have been reported against various abiotic stresses in numerous research studies. In this review, we have described the evaluated functions of plant CPKs against various abiotic stresses and their role in stress response signaling pathways.

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Chugh, Vishal, Dasmeet Kaur, Shalini Purwar, Prashant Kaushik, Vijay Sharma, Hitesh Kumar, Ashutosh Rai, Chandra Mohan Singh, Kamaluddin, and R. B. Dubey. "Applications of Molecular Markers for Developing Abiotic-Stress-Resilient Oilseed Crops." Life 13, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13010088.

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Globally, abiotic stresses, such as temperature (heat or cold), water (drought and flooding), and salinity, cause significant losses in crop production and have adverse effects on plant growth and development. A variety of DNA-based molecular markers, such as SSRs, RFLPs, AFLPs, SNPs, etc., have been used to screen germplasms for stress tolerance and the QTL mapping of stress-related genes. Such molecular-marker-assisted selection strategies can quicken the development of tolerant/resistant cultivars to withstand abiotic stresses. Oilseeds such as rapeseed, mustard, peanuts, soybeans, sunflower, safflower, sesame, flaxseed, and castor are the most important source of edible oil worldwide. Although oilseed crops are known for their capacity to withstand abiotic challenges, there is a significant difference between actual and potential yields due to the adaptation and tolerance to severe abiotic pressures. This review summarizes the applications of molecular markers to date to achieve abiotic stress tolerance in major oilseed crops. The molecular markers that have been reported for genetic diversity studies and the mapping and tagging of genes/QTLs for drought, heavy metal stress, salinity, flooding, cold and heat stress, and their application in the MAS are presented.

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Zaman, Shah, Syed Shams ul Hassan, and Zhaotang Ding. "The Role of Calmodulin Binding Transcription Activator in Plants under Different Stressors: Physiological, Biochemical, Molecular Mechanisms of Camellia sinensis and Its Current Progress of CAMTAs." Bioengineering 9, no. 12 (December 2, 2022): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9120759.

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Low temperatures have a negative effect on plant development. Plants that are exposed to cold temperatures undergo a cascade of physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes that activate several genes, transcription factors, and regulatory pathways. In this review, the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of Camellia sinensis have been discussed. Calmodulin binding transcription activator (CAMTAs) by molecular means including transcription is one of the novel genes for plants’ adaptation to different abiotic stresses, including low temperatures. Therefore, the role of CAMTAs in different plants has been discussed. The number of CAMTAs genes discussed here are playing a significant role in plants’ adaptation to abiotic stress. The illustrated diagrams representing the mode of action of calcium (Ca2+) with CAMTAs have also been discussed. In short, Ca2+ channels or Ca2+ pumps trigger and induce the Ca2+ signatures in plant cells during abiotic stressors, including low temperatures. Ca2+ signatures act with CAMTAs in plant cells and are ultimately decoded by Ca2+sensors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review reporting CAMAT’s current progress and potential role in C. sinensis, and this study opens a new road for researchers adapting tea plants to abiotic stress.

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Han, Guoliang, Ziqi Qiao, Yuxia Li, Chengfeng Wang, and Baoshan Wang. "The Roles of CCCH Zinc-Finger Proteins in Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15 (August 3, 2021): 8327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158327.

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Zinc-finger proteins, a superfamily of proteins with a typical structural domain that coordinates a zinc ion and binds nucleic acids, participate in the regulation of growth, development, and stress adaptation in plants. Most zinc fingers are C2H2-type or CCCC-type, named after the configuration of cysteine (C) and histidine (H); the less-common CCCH zinc-finger proteins are important in the regulation of plant stress responses. In this review, we introduce the domain structures, classification, and subcellular localization of CCCH zinc-finger proteins in plants and discuss their functions in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation via interactions with DNA, RNA, and other proteins. We describe the functions of CCCH zinc-finger proteins in plant development and tolerance to abiotic stresses such as salt, drought, flooding, cold temperatures and oxidative stress. Finally, we summarize the signal transduction pathways and regulatory networks of CCCH zinc-finger proteins in their responses to abiotic stress. CCCH zinc-finger proteins regulate the adaptation of plants to abiotic stress in various ways, but the specific molecular mechanisms need to be further explored, along with other mechanisms such as cytoplasm-to-nucleus shuttling and post-transcriptional regulation. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms by which CCCH zinc-finger proteins improve stress tolerance will facilitate the breeding and genetic engineering of crops with improved traits.

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Brini, Faïçal, and Khaled Masmoudi. "Ion Transporters and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants." ISRN Molecular Biology 2012 (June 3, 2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/927436.

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Adaptation of plants to salt stress requires cellular ion homeostasis involving net intracellular Na+ and Cl− uptake and subsequent vacuolar compartmentalization without toxic ion accumulation in the cytosol. Sodium ions can enter the cell through several low- and high-affinity K+ carriers. Some members of the HKT family function as sodium transporter and contribute to Na+ removal from the ascending xylem sap and recirculation from the leaves to the roots via the phloem vasculature. Na+ sequestration into the vacuole depends on expression and activity of Na+/H+ antiporter that is driven by electrochemical gradient of protons generated by the vacuolar H+-ATPase and the H+-pyrophosphatase. Sodium extrusion at the root-soil interface is presumed to be of critical importance for the salt tolerance. Thus, a very rapid efflux of Na+ from roots must occur to control net rates of influx. The Na+/H+ antiporter SOS1 localized to the plasma membrane is the only Na+ efflux protein from plants characterized so far. In this paper, we analyze available data related to ion transporters and plant abiotic stress responses in order to enhance our understanding about how salinity and other abiotic stresses affect the most fundamental processes of cellular function which have a substantial impact on plant growth development.

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Catalá, Rafael, Rosa López-Cobollo, M. Álvaro Berbís, Jesús Jiménez-Barbero, and Julio Salinas. "Trimethylamine N-oxide is a new plant molecule that promotes abiotic stress tolerance." Science Advances 7, no. 21 (May 2021): eabd9296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abd9296.

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Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a well-known naturally occurring osmolyte in animals that counteracts the effect of different denaturants related to environmental stress and has recently been associated with severe human chronic diseases. In plants, however, the presence of TMAO has not yet been reported. In this study, we demonstrate that plants contain endogenous levels of TMAO, that it is synthesized by flavin-containing monooxygenases, and that its levels increase in response to abiotic stress conditions. In addition, our results reveal that TMAO operates as a protective osmolyte in plants, promoting appropriate protein folding and as an activator of abiotic stress–induced gene expression. Consistent with these functions, we show that TMAO enhances plant adaptation to low temperatures, drought, and high salt. We have thus uncovered a previously unidentified plant molecule that positively regulates abiotic stress tolerance.

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Cha, Ok-Kyoung, Soeun Yang, and Horim Lee. "Transcriptomics Using the Enriched Arabidopsis Shoot Apex Reveals Developmental Priming Genes Involved in Plastic Plant Growth under Salt Stress Conditions." Plants 11, no. 19 (September 28, 2022): 2546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11192546.

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In the shoot apical meristem (SAM), the homeostasis of the stem cell population supplying new cells for organ formation is likely a key mechanism of multicellular plant growth and development. As plants are sessile organisms and constantly encounter environmental abiotic stresses, postembryonic development from the shoot stem cell population must be considered with surrounding abiotic stresses for plant adaptation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms for plant adaptation remain unclear. Previous studies found that the stem-cell-related mutant clv3-2 has the property of salt tolerance without the differential response of typical stress-responsive genes compared to those in WT Ler. Based on these facts, we hypothesized that shoot meristems contain developmental priming genes having comprehensively converged functions involved in abiotic stress response and development. To better understand the biological process of developmental priming genes in the SAM, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and transcriptome analysis through comparing genome-wide gene expression profiles between enriched shoot apex and leaf tissues. As a result, 121 putative developmental priming genes differentially expressed in the shoot apex compared to the leaf were identified under normal and salt stress conditions. RNA-seq experiments also revealed the shoot apex-specific responsive genes for salt stress conditions. Based on combinatorial comparisons, 19 developmental priming genes were finally identified, including developmental genes related to cell division and abiotic/biotic-stress-responsive genes. Moreover, some priming genes showed CLV3-dependent responses under salt stress conditions in the clv3-2. These results presumably provide insight into how shoot meristem tissues have relatively high viability against stressful environmental conditions for the developmental plasticity of plants.

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Pegler, Joseph, Jackson Oultram, Christopher Grof, and Andrew Eamens. "Profiling the Abiotic Stress Responsive microRNA Landscape of Arabidopsis thaliana." Plants 8, no. 3 (March 10, 2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8030058.

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It is well established among interdisciplinary researchers that there is an urgent need to address the negative impacts that accompany climate change. One such negative impact is the increased prevalence of unfavorable environmental conditions that significantly contribute to reduced agricultural yield. Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) are key gene expression regulators that control development, defense against invading pathogens and adaptation to abiotic stress. Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) can be readily molecularly manipulated, therefore offering an excellent experimental system to alter the profile of abiotic stress responsive miRNA/target gene expression modules to determine whether such modification enables Arabidopsis to express an altered abiotic stress response phenotype. Towards this goal, high throughput sequencing was used to profile the miRNA landscape of Arabidopsis whole seedlings exposed to heat, drought and salt stress, and identified 121, 123 and 118 miRNAs with a greater than 2-fold altered abundance, respectively. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was next employed to experimentally validate miRNA abundance fold changes, and to document reciprocal expression trends for the target genes of miRNAs determined abiotic stress responsive. RT-qPCR also demonstrated that each miRNA/target gene expression module determined to be abiotic stress responsive in Arabidopsis whole seedlings was reflective of altered miRNA/target gene abundance in Arabidopsis root and shoot tissues post salt stress exposure. Taken together, the data presented here offers an excellent starting platform to identify the miRNA/target gene expression modules for future molecular manipulation to generate plant lines that display an altered response phenotype to abiotic stress.

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Bäurle, Isabel. "Plant Heat Adaptation: priming in response to heat stress." F1000Research 5 (April 18, 2016): 694. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.7526.1.

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Abiotic stress is a major threat to crop yield stability. Plants can be primed by heat stress, which enables them to subsequently survive temperatures that are lethal to a plant in the naïve state. This is a rapid response that has been known for many years and that is highly conserved across kingdoms. Interestingly, recent studies in Arabidopsis and rice show that this thermo-priming lasts for several days at normal growth temperatures and that it is an active process that is genetically separable from the priming itself. This is referred to as maintenance of acquired thermotolerance or heat stress memory. Such a memory conceivably has adaptive advantages under natural conditions, where heat stress often is chronic or recurring. In this review, I will focus on recent advances in the mechanistic understanding of heat stress memory.

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Rojas, Mario, Francisco Jimenez-Bremont, Claudia Villicaña, Laura Carreón-Palau, Bertha Olivia Arredondo-Vega, and Gracia Gómez-Anduro. "Involvement of OpsLTP1 from Opuntia streptacantha in abiotic stress adaptation and lipid metabolism." Functional Plant Biology 46, no. 9 (2019): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp18280.

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Plant lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) exhibit the ability to transfer lipids between membranes in vitro, and have been implicated in diverse physiological processes associated to plant growth, reproduction, development, biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, their mode of action is not yet fully understood. To explore the functions of the OpsLTP1 gene encoding a LTP from cactus pear Opuntia streptacantha Lem., we generated transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants to overexpress OpsLTP1 and contrasted our results with the loss-of-function mutant ltp3 from A. thaliana under abiotic stress conditions. The ltp3 mutant seeds showed impaired germination under salt and osmotic treatments, in contrast to OpsLTP1 overexpressing lines that displayed significant increases in germination rate. Moreover, stress recovery assays showed that ltp3 mutant seedlings were more sensitive to salt and osmotic treatments than wild-type plants suggesting that AtLTP3 is required for stress-induced responses, while the OpsLTP1 overexpressing line showed no significant differences. In addition, OpsLTP1 overexpressing and ltp3 mutant seeds stored lower amount of total lipids compared with wild-type seeds, showing changes primarily on 16C and 18C fatty acids. However, ltp3 mutant also lead changes in lipid profile and no over concrete lipids which may suggest a compensatory activation of other LTPs. Interestingly, linoleic acid (18:2ω6) was consistently increased in neutral, galactoglycerolipids and phosphoglycerolipids of OpsLTP1 overexpressing line indicating a role of OpsLTP1 in the modulation of lipid composition in A. thaliana.

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Zhang, Qianxiang, Yaofei Zhao, Jinli Zhang, Xukai Li, Fangfang Ma, Ming Duan, Bin Zhang, and Hongying Li. "The Responses of the Lipoxygenase Gene Family to Salt and Drought Stress in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica)." Life 11, no. 11 (November 2, 2021): 1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11111169.

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Plant lipoxygenases (LOXs), a kind of non-heme iron-containing dioxygenases, participate plant physiological activities (especially in response to biotic and abiotic stresses) through oxidizing various lipids. However, there was few investigations on LOXs in foxtail millet (Setaria italica). In this study, we identified the LOX gene family in foxtail millet, and divided the total 12 members into three sub-families on the basis of their phylogenetic relationships. Under salt and drought stress, LOX genes showed different expression patterns. Among them, only SiLOX7 showed up-regulated expression in Yugu1 (YG1) and Qinhuang2 (QH2), two stress-tolerant varieties, indicating that SiLOX7 may play an important role in responses to abiotic stress. Our research provides a basis for further investigation of the role of LOX genes in the adaptation to abiotic stresses and other possible biological functions in foxtail millet.

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Barnes, Elle M., and Susannah G. Tringe. "Exploring the roles of microbes in facilitating plant adaptation to climate change." Biochemical Journal 479, no. 3 (February 4, 2022): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20210793.

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Plants benefit from their close association with soil microbes which assist in their response to abiotic and biotic stressors. Yet much of what we know about plant stress responses is based on studies where the microbial partners were uncontrolled and unknown. Under climate change, the soil microbial community will also be sensitive to and respond to abiotic and biotic stressors. Thus, facilitating plant adaptation to climate change will require a systems-based approach that accounts for the multi-dimensional nature of plant–microbe–environment interactions. In this perspective, we highlight some of the key factors influencing plant–microbe interactions under stress as well as new tools to facilitate the controlled study of their molecular complexity, such as fabricated ecosystems and synthetic communities. When paired with genomic and biochemical methods, these tools provide researchers with more precision, reproducibility, and manipulability for exploring plant–microbe–environment interactions under a changing climate.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Abiotic stress adaptation'

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