Journal articles: 'Abiotic compartments'

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VENTURINO, ANDRÉS, MARÍA GABRIELA ROVEDATTI, LIDIA GAUNA, MIRIAM LOEWY, and ANA MARÍA PECHEN DE D'ANGELO. "MODEL STUDY OF FACTORS INFLUENCING STEADY STATE CLEARANCE FOR LIPOPHILIC TOXICANTS IN AQUATIC MICROCOSMS." Journal of Biological Systems 09, no. 02 (June 2001): 123–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339001000347.

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We have studied the distribution and bioelimination of the organophosphorus pesticide parathion in a native microcosm consisting of water, sediment, bivalves and aquatic plants. A common apparent clearance constant for biotic and abiotic components was suggested from the analysis of parathion accumulation and degradation. In this work we developed a global model explaining the toxicokinetics of a lipophilic compound and particurlarly the common steady state degradation in an aquatic microcosm, using a set of linear differential equations. We simulated the distribution and degradation of the compound in the microcosm, and fitted single-compartment equation models to data, estimating the apparent sorption and elimination constants. We verified the existence of a common apparent degradation constant for all the compartments. We infer from the mathematical expressions and corroborate from the simulated data that the apparent degradation constant is equal to the sum of the metabolization rates at each biotic compartment multiplied by the compound mass ratios established at steady state between the biotic and the abiotic compartments. Product kinetics simulation showed that steady state might also be achieved in the different compartments, with the same apparent constant as that obtained for toxicant clearance. As a practical result, the total radioactivity in water would serve to calculate the global clearance constant in a simple experimental way if a radiotracer is used. Physical and chemical degradation and chemical loss due to volatilization and CO 2 diffusion were analyzed in the microcosm model. The assessments of the cases where these factors affect the clearance process as well as the implications emerged are discussed.

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Chen, Lianguo. "Gut Microbiota Manipulation to Mitigate the Detrimental Effects of Environmental Pollutants." Toxics 9, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9060127.

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The ecotoxicology and human health risks of environmental pollutants are creating global concern, especially in the context of the prevalent and severe contamination of environmental abiotic and biotic compartments [...]

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Cosby, B. J., R. C. Ferrier, A. Jenkins, B. A. Emmett, R. F. Wright, and A. Tietema. "Modelling the ecosystem effects of nitrogen deposition: Model of Ecosystem Retention and Loss of Inorganic Nitrogen (MERLIN." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 1, no. 1 (March 31, 1997): 137–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-1-137-1997.

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Abstract. A catchment-scale mass-balance model of linked carbon and nitrogen cycling in ecosystems has been developed for simulating leaching losses of inorganic nitrogen. The model (MERLIN) considers linked biotic and abiotic processes affecting the cycling and storage of nitrogen. The model is aggregated in space and time and contains compartments intended to be observable and/or interpretable at the plot or catchment scale. The structure of the model includes the inorganic soil, a plant compartment and two soil organic compartments. Fluxes in and out of the ecosystem and between compartments are regulated by atmospheric deposition, hydrological discharge, plant uptake, litter production, wood production, microbial immobilization, mineralization, nitrification, and denitrification. Nitrogen fluxes are controlled by carbon productivity, the C:N ratios of organic compartments and inorganic nitrogen in soil solution. Inputs required are: 1) temporal sequences of carbon fluxes and pools- 2) time series of hydrological discharge through the soils, 3) historical and current external sources of inorganic nitrogen; 4) current amounts of nitrogen in the plant and soil organic compartments; 5) constants specifying the nitrogen uptake and immobilization characteristics of the plant and soil organic compartments; and 6) soil characteristics such as depth, porosity, bulk density, and anion/cation exchange constants. Outputs include: 1) concentrations and fluxes of NO3 and NH4 in soil solution and runoff; 2) total nitrogen contents of the organic and inorganic compartments; 3) C:N ratios of the aggregated plant and soil organic compartments; and 4) rates of nitrogen uptake and immobilization and nitrogen mineralization. The behaviour of the model is assessed for a combination of land-use change and nitrogen deposition scenarios in a series of speculative simulations. The results of the simulations are in broad agreement with observed and hypothesized behaviour of nitrogen dynamics in growing forests receiving nitrogen deposition.

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Ricevuto, Elena, Salvatrice Vizzini, Claudio Lardicci, and Abilio Soares Gomes. "Spatial variability of macrozoobenthic community and trophic structure of a subtropical lagoon on southeastern Brazil's Atlantic coast." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 61, no. 2 (June 2013): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592013000200004.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the macrobenthic community of two compartments of the Maricá-Guarapina lagoon system, along the coast of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in relation to its abiotic sediment factors. An additional discrimination between sites was made, wherever the macrophyte Typha domingensis was found. This vegetation supposedly represents a potentially important food source for consumers. Furthermore, the trophic pathways were analyzed functionally by means of stable isotope analysis to assess the role of organic matter sources for consumers in the study area. In conclusion, the results showed differences between abiotic features in the compartments of the lagoon system, which, although they have affected the different species' distribution, have led to a homogeneous low-diversity system. Macrozoobenthic species tend to change with increasing distance from the sea, with a slightly different distribution in the two compartments. The macrophyte T. domingensis did not exercise any great influence on the biotic distribution and was not the main food source for consumers in the lagoon system, where, instead, sedimentary organic matter and macrophyte detritus also seem to play an important role in the trophic web.

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Curtean-Bănăduc, Angela, Alexandru Burcea, Claudia-Maria Mihuţ, and Doru Bănăduc. "The Benthic Trophic Corner Stone Compartment in POPs Transfer from Abiotic Environment to Higher Trophic Levels—Trichoptera and Ephemeroptera Pre-Alert Indicator Role." Water 13, no. 13 (June 27, 2021): 1778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13131778.

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Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been at the forefront of environmental contamination research even before their ban in 2001 at the Stockholm Convention. Their relation to different compartments of the environment (biotic and abiotic) has been thoroughly investigated. This article aims to identify whether the benthos could represent a reliable indicator of environmental contamination with POPs and to highlight its potential transfer role between abiotic and upper trophic compartments—benthos feeders. In this regard, we determined that the Ephemeroptera samples have higher concentrations (p < 0.05) of ΣPCB, ΣHCH, and ΣDDT than sediment samples while Trichoptera samples have higher concentrations (p < 0.05) only in the case of ΣPCB and ΣDDT. This, along with the fact that the frequency of detection for POPs is similar between the sample types (sediments, Trichoptera, and Ephemeroptera), makes the benthos samples valuable indicators of contamination with sediment samples working as complementary information about how recent the contamination is.

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Pastorino, Paolo, Serena Anselmi, Giuseppe Esposito, Marco Bertoli, Elisabetta Pizzul, Damià Barceló, Antonia Concetta Elia, Alessandro Dondo, Marino Prearo, and Monia Renzi. "Microplastics in biotic and abiotic compartments of high-mountain lakes from Alps." Ecological Indicators 150 (June 2023): 110215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110215.

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Huang, Danlian, Haojie Chen, Maocai Shen, Jiaxi Tao, Sha Chen, Lingshi Yin, Wei Zhou, Xinya Wang, Ruihao Xiao, and Ruijin Li. "Recent advances on the transport of microplastics/nanoplastics in abiotic and biotic compartments." Journal of Hazardous Materials 438 (September 2022): 129515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129515.

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Wang, Xin, and Setsuko Komatsu. "Subcellular Proteomics to Elucidate Soybean Response to Abiotic Stress." Plants 12, no. 15 (August 4, 2023): 2865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12152865.

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Climate change jeopardizes soybean production by declining seed yield and quality. In this review, the morphophysiological alterations of soybean in response to abiotic stress are summarized, followed by illustrations of cellular metabolisms and regulatory mechanisms to organellar stress based on subcellular proteomics. This highlights the communications associated with reactive oxygen species scavenging, molecular chaperones, and phytohormone signals among subcellular compartments. Given the complexity of climate change and the limitations of plants in coping with multiple abiotic stresses, a generic response to environmental constraints is proposed between calcium and abscisic acid signals in subcellular organelles. This review summarizes the findings of subcellular proteomics in stressed soybean and discusses the future prospects of subcellular proteomics for promoting the improvement of climate-tolerant crops.

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Loiselle, S., V. Hull, E. Permingeat, M. Falucci, and C. Rossi. "Qualitative models to predict impacts of human interventions in a wetland ecosystem." Web Ecology 3, no. 1 (July 16, 2002): 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-3-56-2002.

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Abstract. The large shallow wetlands that dominate much of the South American continent are rich in biodiversity and complexity. Many of these undamaged ecosystems are presently being examined for their potential economic utility, putting pressure on local authorities and the conservation community to find ways of correctly utilising the available natural resources without compromising the ecosystem functioning and overall integrity. Contrary to many northern hemisphere ecosystems, there have been little long term ecological studies of these systems, leading to a lack of quantitative data on which to construct ecological or resource use models. As a result, decision makers, even well meaning ones, have difficulty in determining if particular economic activities can potentially cause significant damage to the ecosystem and how one should go about monitoring the impacts of such activities. While the direct impact of many activities is often known, the secondary indirect impacts are usually less clear and can depend on local ecological conditions. The use of qualitative models is a helpful tool to highlight potential feedback mechanisms and secondary effects of management action on ecosystem integrity. The harvesting of a single, apparently abundant, species can have indirect secondary effects on key trophic and abiotic compartments. In this paper, loop model analysis is used to qualitatively examine secondary effects of potential economic activities in a large wetland area in northeast Argentina, the Esteros del Ibera. Based on interaction with local actors together with observed ecological information, loop models were constructed to reflect relationships between biotic and abiotic compartments. A series of analyses were made to study the effect of different economic scenarios on key ecosystem compartments. Important impacts on key biotic compartments (phytoplankton, zooplankton, ichthyofauna, aquatic macrophytes) and on the abiotic environment (nutrients and sediment resuspension) were observed through model analysis. These models results do not indicate a definite relationship between activity and a possible impact, but a potential impact that can be further studied and modelled. Likewise, the model is not intended to be an end in itself, but as a tool to help focus further ecological study, monitoring and modelling. In the real world of wetland management, it is not always possible to conduct extensive (and expensive) analysis of all the principal ecological compartments. In the same manner, the construction of larger and more complex models for resource management usually needs to be focused to those areas most likely to effect resource quality or ecosystem functioning. In this light, the development of qualitative models was considered as a first step to help researchers and decision makers focus their efforts (and economic resources) in an intensive ecological sampling programme and the construction of predictive models.

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Wallace, Jessica, Isabelle Laforest-Lapointe, and Steven W. Kembel. "Variation in the leaf and root microbiome of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) at an elevational range limit." PeerJ 6 (August 14, 2018): e5293. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5293.

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BackgroundBacteria, archaea, viruses and fungi live in various plant compartments including leaves and roots. These plant-associated microbial communities have many effects on host fitness and function. Global climate change is impacting plant species distributions, a phenomenon that will affect plant-microbe interactions both directly and indirectly. In order to predict plant responses to global climate change, it will be crucial to improve our understanding of plant-microbe interactions within and at the edge of plant species natural ranges. While microbes affect their hosts, in turn the plant’s attributes and the surrounding environment drive the structure and assembly of the microbial communities themselves. However, the patterns and dynamics of these interactions and their causes are poorly understood.MethodsIn this study, we quantified the microbial communities of the leaves and roots of seedlings of the deciduous tree species sugar maple (Acer saccharumMarshall) within its natural range and at the species’ elevational range limit at Mont-Mégantic, Quebec. Using high-throughput DNA sequencing, we quantified the bacterial and fungal community structure in four plant compartments: the epiphytes and endophytes of leaves and roots. We also quantified endophytic fungal communities in roots.ResultsThe bacterial and fungal communities ofA. saccharumseedlings differ across elevational range limits for all four plant compartments. Distinct microbial communities colonize each compartment, although the microbial communities inside a plant’s structure (endophytes) were found to be a subset of the communities found outside the plant’s structure (epiphytes). Plant-associated bacterial communities were dominated by the phyla Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes while the main fungal taxa present were Ascomycota.DiscussionWe demonstrate that microbial communities associated with sugar maple seedlings at the edge of the species’ elevational range differ from those within the natural range. Variation in microbial communities differed among plant components, suggesting the importance of each compartment’s exposure to changes in biotic and abiotic conditions in determining variability in community structure. These findings provide a greater understanding of the ecological processes driving the structure and diversity of plant-associated microbial communities within and at the edge of a plant species range, and suggest the potential for biotic interactions between plants and their associated microbiota to influence the dynamics of plant range edge boundaries and responses to global change.

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Yuan, Ding, Xiaolei Wu, Binbin Gong, Ruixiao Huo, Liran Zhao, Jingrui Li, Guiyun Lü, and Hongbo Gao. "GABA Metabolism, Transport and Their Roles and Mechanisms in the Regulation of Abiotic Stress (Hypoxia, Salt, Drought) Resistance in Plants." Metabolites 13, no. 3 (February 26, 2023): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13030347.

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γ- Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a ubiquitous four-carbon non-protein amino acid. In plants, GABA is found in different cell compartments and performs different metabolic functions. As a signalling molecule, GABA participates in the regulation of tolerance to various abiotic stresses. Many research studies have found that GABA accumulates in large amounts when plants are subjected to abiotic stress, which have been demonstrated through the Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier and other databases. GABA enhances the tolerance of plants to abiotic stress by regulating intracellular pH, ion transport, activating antioxidant systems and scavenging active oxygen species. In the process of GABA playing its role, transport is very important for the accumulation and metabolism pathway of GABA in cells. Therefore, the research on the transport of GABA across the cell membrane and the organelle membrane by transport proteins is a direction worthy of attention. This paper describes the distribution, biosynthesis and catabolism of GABA in plants. In addition, we focus on the latest progress in research on the transport of exogenous GABA and on the function and mechanism in the regulation of the abiotic stress response. Based on this summary of the role of GABA in the resistance to various abiotic stresses, we conclude that GABA has become an effective compound for improving plant abiotic tolerance.

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Timonova, Lyubov, Natalya Larionova, Almira Aidarkhanova, Oxana Lyakhova, Medet Aktayev, Zarina Serzhanova, Sergey Lukashenko, et al. "Tritium distribution in the ‘water-soil-air’ system in the Semipalatinsk Test Site." PLOS ONE 19, no. 4 (April 4, 2024): e0297017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297017.

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This article presents research findings on 3H in abiotic environmental compartments, specifically, the ‘water-soil-air’ system. All of the research areas are located within the Semipalatinsk Test Site (STS): the perimeter of the ‘Degelen’ site, the riverside zone of the Shagan river and the ‘background’ area–the southeastern part of the STS (SEP). As research progressed, numerical values of 3H and its species were revealed in various environmental compartments. The presence of 3H was registered not only in underground nuclear test locations but also in the ‘background’ area–SEP. Maximum 3H tritium concentrations in the water were detected at the ‘Degelen’ site (up to 57000±5000 Bq/kg) and the Shagan riv (up to 61500±6000 Bq/kg), in the air of the ‘Degelen’ site (up to 56±11 Bq/m3), in the soil of the ‘Degelen’ site (up to 5170±500 Bq/kg) and the Shagan riv (4100±400 Bq/kg) in the free water, at SEP (up to 1710±170 Bq/kg) in the organic constituent. Based upon all of the findings, 3H was found to be readily distributed in abiotic environmental compartments depending on certain conditions. Research suggests that water plays a key role in 3H migration processes in the natural system of interest. The second most but equally important constituent is soil and microorganisms of plant and animal origin living there. These assumptions are indirectly proven by research findings that show the HTO and HT air concentration dynamics depending on the sampling location.

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Kurowska, Marzena Małgorzata. "Aquaporins in Cereals—Important Players in Maintaining Cell Homeostasis under Abiotic Stress." Genes 12, no. 4 (March 25, 2021): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12040477.

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Cereal productivity is reduced by environmental stresses such as drought, heat, elevated CO2, salinity, metal toxicity and cold. Sometimes, plants are exposed to multiple stresses simultaneously. Plants must be able to make a rapid and adequate response to these environmental stimuli in order to restore their growing ability. The latest research has shown that aquaporins are important players in maintaining cell homeostasis under abiotic stress. Aquaporins are membrane intrinsic proteins (MIP) that form pores in the cellular membranes, which facilitate the movement of water and many other molecules such as ammonia, urea, CO2, micronutrients (silicon and boron), glycerol and reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide) across the cell and intercellular compartments. The present review primarily focuses on the diversity of aquaporins in cereal species, their cellular and subcellular localisation, their expression and their functioning under abiotic stresses. Lastly, this review discusses the potential use of mutants and plants that overexpress the aquaporin-encoding genes to improve their tolerance to abiotic stress.

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Kramer, Cees J. M. "Monitoring of abiotic compartments for trace metals: Difficulties, strategies and the use of surveys." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 7, no. 2 (September 1986): 169–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00398695.

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Martin, William, and Michael J. Russell. "On the origins of cells: a hypothesis for the evolutionary transitions from abiotic geochemistry to chemoautotrophic prokaryotes, and from prokaryotes to nucleated cells." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 358, no. 1429 (January 29, 2003): 59–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2002.1183.

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All life is organized as cells. Physical compartmentation from the environment and self–organization of self–contained redox reactions are the most conserved attributes of living things, hence inorganic matter with such attributes would be life's most likely forebear. We propose that life evolved in structured iron monosulphide precipitates in a seepage site hydrothermal mound at a redox, pH and temperature gradient between sulphide–rich hydrothermal fluid and iron(II)–containing waters of the Hadean ocean floor. The naturally arising, three–dimensional compartmentation observed within fossilized seepage–site metal sulphide precipitates indicates that these inorganic compartments were the precursors of cell walls and membranes found in free–living prokaryotes. The known capability of FeS and NiS to catalyse the synthesis of the acetyl–methylsulphide from carbon monoxide and methylsulphide, constituents of hydrothermal fluid, indicates that pre–biotic syntheses occurred at the inner surfaces of these metal–sulphide–walled compartments, which furthermore restrained reacted products from diffusion into the ocean, providing sufficient concentrations of reactants to forge the transition from geochemistry to biochemistry. The chemistry of what is known as the RNA–world could have taken place within these naturally forming, catalyticwalled compartments to give rise to replicating systems. Sufficient concentrations of precursors to support replication would have been synthesized in situ geochemically and biogeochemically, with FeS (and NiS) centres playing the central catalytic role. The universal ancestor we infer was not a free–living cell, but rather was confined to the naturally chemiosmotic, FeS compartments within which the synthesis of its constituents occurred. The first free–living cells are suggested to have been eubacterial and archaebacterial chemoautotrophs that emerged more than 3.8 Gyr ago from their inorganic confines. We propose that the emergence of these prokaryotic lineages from inorganic confines occurred independently, facilitated by the independent origins of membrane–lipid biosynthesis: isoprenoid ether membranes in the archaebacterial and fatty acid ester membranes in the eubacterial lineage. The eukaryotes, all of which are ancestrally heterotrophs and possess eubacterial lipids, are suggested to have arisen ca . 2 Gyr ago through symbiosis involving an autotrophic archaebacterial host and a heterotrophic eubacterial symbiont, the common ancestor of mitochondria and hydrogenosomes. The attributes shared by all prokaryotes are viewed as inheritances from their confined universal ancestor. The attributes that distinguish eubacteria and archaebacteria, yet are uniform within the groups, are viewed as relics of their phase of differentiation after divergence from the non–free–living universal ancestor and before the origin of the free–living chemoautotrophic lifestyle. The attributes shared by eukaryotes with eubacteria and archaebacteria, respectively, are viewed as inheritances via symbiosis. The attributes unique to eukaryotes are viewed as inventions specific to their lineage. The origin of the eukaryotic endomembrane system and nuclear membrane are suggested to be the fortuitous result of the expression of genes for eubacterial membrane lipid synthesis by an archaebacterial genetic apparatus in a compartment that was not fully prepared to accommodate such compounds, resulting in vesicles of eubacterial lipids that accumulated in the cytosol around their site of synthesis. Under these premises, the most ancient divide in the living world is that between eubacteria and archaebacteria, yet the steepest evolutionary grade is that between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

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Ribeiro Guevara, Sergio, Marı́a Arribére, Débora Bubach, Pablo Vigliano, Andrea Rizzo, Marcelo Alonso, and Ricardo Sánchez. "Silver contamination on abiotic and biotic compartments of Nahuel Huapi National Park lakes, Patagonia, Argentina." Science of The Total Environment 336, no. 1-3 (January 2005): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.05.020.

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Carbone, María Julia, Sandra Alaniz, Pedro Mondino, Matías Gelabert, Ales Eichmeier, Dorota Tekielska, Rebeca Bujanda, and David Gramaje. "Drought Influences Fungal Community Dynamics in the Grapevine Rhizosphere and Root Microbiome." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 9 (August 25, 2021): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7090686.

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Plant roots support complex microbial communities that can influence nutrition, plant growth, and health. In grapevine, little is known about the impact of abiotic stresses on the belowground microbiome. In this study, we examined the drought-induced shifts in fungal composition in the root endosphere, the rhizosphere and bulk soil by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) high-throughput amplicon sequencing (HTAS). We imposed three irrigation regimes (100%, 50%, and 25% of the field capacity) to one-year old grapevine rootstock plants cv. SO4 when plants had developed 2–3 roots. Root endosphere, rhizosphere, and bulk soil samples were collected 6- and 12-months post-plantation. Drought significantly modified the overall fungal composition of all three compartments, with the root endosphere compartment showing the greatest divergence from well-watered control (100%). The overall response of the fungal microbiota associated with black-foot disease (Dactylonectria and “Cylindrocarpon” genera) and the potential biocontrol agent Trichoderma to drought stress was consistent across compartments, namely that their relative abundances were significantly higher at 50–100% than at 25% irrigation regime. We identified a significant enrichment in several fungal genera such as the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis during drought at 25% watering regime within the roots. Our results reveal that drought stress, in addition to its well-characterized effects on plant physiology, also results in the restructuring of grapevine root microbial communities, and suggest the possibility that members of the altered grapevine microbiota might contribute to plant survival under extreme environmental conditions.

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De Marco, Silvia G., Sandra E. Botté, and Jorge E. Marcovecchio. "Mercury distribution in abiotic and biological compartments within several estuarine systems from Argentina: 1980–2005 period." Chemosphere 65, no. 2 (October 2006): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.02.059.

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Romero-Freire, Turlin, André-Mayer, Pelletier, Cayer, and Giamberini. "Biogeochemical Cycle of Lanthanides in a Light Rare Earth Element-Enriched Geological Area (Quebec, Canada)." Minerals 9, no. 10 (September 20, 2019): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9100573.

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This work investigated a rare earth element (REE) natural biogeochemical cycle in an area with a light rare earth element (LREE)-rich ferrocarbonatite intrusion. An REE determination in this geological environment allowed us to trace REE natural transfers in order to better manage future REE mining exploitations. Our findings suggest that although REE concentrations in abiotic compartments (soil and freshwater systems) and biotic samples (terrestrial and aquatic plants) were low, the LREE fractionation observed in the parent material was maintained along compartments. Additionally, Nd anomalies observed in the sediment pore water suggest a potential different biogeochemical cycle of this element in aquatic systems. According to the potential bioaccumulation of REEs in the organisms of two studied plants belonging to terrestrial and aquatic compartments, Equisetum arvense L. and Typha latifolia L. (respectively), we observed that REEs were not accumulated and that they showed limited REE transfer inside plants, but with an increased uptake of Eu relative to the other REEs. Our results indicated a low mobility and transfer of REEs from REE-rich bedrocks in a natural area toward terrestrial and freshwater systems, but also pointed to a dilution of the REE content in the different compartments, maintaining the LREE fractionation. Our findings provide new knowledge about the REE biochemical cycle in a natural area (from rocks to plants) and represent a starting point for an environmentally friendly exploitation of future REE mining areas.

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Pastorino, Paolo, Marino Prearo, Alessia Di Blasio, Damià Barcelò, Serena Anselmi, Silvia Colussi, Silvia Alberti, et al. "Microplastics Occurrence in the European Common Frog (Rana temporaria) from Cottian Alps (Northwest Italy)." Diversity 14, no. 2 (January 19, 2022): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14020066.

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Microplastics (MPs) pollution is arousing growing attention, yet knowledge about its occurrence in amphibians is scant to date. With this study, we aimed to determine whether plastic (>5000 μm) and MPs (10–5000 μm) could be detected in adult Rana temporaria from a high-mountain ecosystem (the Cottian Alps, northwest Italy). To do this, aquatic compartments and the digestive tract of adult R. temporaria were analyzed. Water, sediment, periphyton, aquatic macroinvertebrates, and tadpoles tested negative for plastic and MPs. Microplastics were detected in all the adult frogs (n = 5); all the identified items (one per specimen) were fibers (size range: 550.91–2355.51 µm). A statistically significant positive correlation between the particle length and frog size was recorded. The predominant fiber color was blue. The chemical composition was polyamide (60%), polyethylene (20%), and polyethylene terephthalate (20%). Since both the biotic and the abiotic freshwater compartments (tadpoles included) revealed the absence of MPs, it can be assumed that adult frogs ingest MPs from the surrounding terrestrial environment.

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Rashid, Bushra, Sameera Hassan, Fatima Batool, Faheem Akram, Usman Arif, and Aleeha Muzaffar. "Abiotic Stress: Interplay Between ROS Production and Antioxidant Machinery, Signaling, and ROS Homeostasis." OBM Genetics 06, no. 04 (November 9, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/obm.genet.2204171.

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Climate change poses a substantial threat to global crop yield. Moreover, crop production is likely to reduce in the near future because of increasing average temperatures, widespread extreme climate events, and the loss of agricultural land. Abiotic stresses are the major factors limiting the growth and development of various crops worldwide. They cause the buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which leads to cellular damage in a variety of subcellular compartments in plants. The metabolic rate of ROS is critical for crop yield, development, acclimation, and survival under a continuously changing environment. The modulation and enhancement of the expression of genes that encode ROS detoxifying enzymes are commonly used to increase the tolerance against abiotic stresses. Under stressful conditions, however, both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant systems maintain the balance between ROS elimination and production. At low concentrations, ROS play a signaling role and is important for a variety of biological processes, such as rapid cell growth and differentiation. The consequence of ROS toxicity is the ROS-activated cell damage triggered by the activation of signaling pathways, such as MAPKS and other calcium-dependent pathways. In this review, recent progress on the unfavorable effects of ROS, antioxidant defense mechanisms participating in ROS detoxification in various abiotic stresses, and cross-talk between different signaling pathways have been discussed. Furthermore, advancements in the molecular perspective of ROS-mediated antioxidant defense of plants under abiotic stresses have been discussed.

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Sampaio, Miguel, João Neves, Tatiana Cardoso, José Pissarra, Susana Pereira, and Cláudia Pereira. "Coping with Abiotic Stress in Plants—An Endomembrane Trafficking Perspective." Plants 11, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11030338.

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Plant cells face many changes through their life cycle and develop several mechanisms to cope with adversity. Stress caused by environmental factors is turning out to be more and more relevant as the human population grows and plant cultures start to fail. As eukaryotes, plant cells must coordinate several processes occurring between compartments and combine different pathways for protein transport to several cellular locations. Conventionally, these pathways begin at the ER, or endoplasmic reticulum, move through the Golgi and deliver cargo to the vacuole or to the plasma membrane. However, when under stress, protein trafficking in plants is compromised, usually leading to changes in the endomembrane system that may include protein transport through unconventional routes and alteration of morphology, activity and content of key organelles, as the ER and the vacuole. Such events provide the tools for cells to adapt and overcome the challenges brought on by stress. With this review, we gathered fragmented information on the subject, highlighting how such changes are processed within the endomembrane system and how it responds to an ever-changing environment. Even though the available data on this subject are still sparse, novel information is starting to untangle the complexity and dynamics of protein transport routes and their role in maintaining cell homeostasis under harsh conditions.

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Malecka, A., W. Jarmuszkiewicz, and B. Tomaszewska. "Antioxidative defense to lead stress in subcellular compartments of pea root cells." Acta Biochimica Polonica 48, no. 3 (September 30, 2001): 687–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2001_3903.

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Lead, similar to other heavy metals and abiotic factors, causes many unfavorable changes at the subcellular and molecular levels in plant cells. An increased level of superoxide anion in Pisum sativum root cells treated with 1 mM Pb(NO3)2 evidenced oxidative stress conditions. We found increased activities of enzymatic components of the antioxidative system (catalase and superoxide dismutase) in the cytosol, mitochondrial and peroxisomal fractions isolated from root cells of Pisum sativum grown in modified Hoagland medium in the presence of lead ions (0.5 or 1 mM). Two isoenzyme forms of superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD) found in different subcellular compartments of pea roots were more active in Pb-treated plants than in control. Increased amount of alternative oxidase accompanied by an increased activity of this enzyme was found in mitochondria isolated from lead-treated roots. These results show that plants storing excessive amounts of lead in roots defend themselves against the harmful oxidative stress caused by this heavy metal.

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Manzoni, Stefano, Petr Čapek, Philipp Porada, Martin Thurner, Mattias Winterdahl, Christian Beer, Volker Brüchert, et al. "Reviews and syntheses: Carbon use efficiency from organisms to ecosystems – definitions, theories, and empirical evidence." Biogeosciences 15, no. 19 (October 9, 2018): 5929–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5929-2018.

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Abstract. The cycling of carbon (C) between the Earth surface and the atmosphere is controlled by biological and abiotic processes that regulate C storage in biogeochemical compartments and release to the atmosphere. This partitioning is quantified using various forms of C-use efficiency (CUE) – the ratio of C remaining in a system to C entering that system. Biological CUE is the fraction of C taken up allocated to biosynthesis. In soils and sediments, C storage depends also on abiotic processes, so the term C-storage efficiency (CSE) can be used. Here we first review and reconcile CUE and CSE definitions proposed for autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms and communities, food webs, whole ecosystems and watersheds, and soils and sediments using a common mathematical framework. Second, we identify general CUE patterns; for example, the actual CUE increases with improving growth conditions, and apparent CUE decreases with increasing turnover. We then synthesize > 5000 CUE estimates showing that CUE decreases with increasing biological and ecological organization – from unicellular to multicellular organisms and from individuals to ecosystems. We conclude that CUE is an emergent property of coupled biological–abiotic systems, and it should be regarded as a flexible and scale-dependent index of the capacity of a given system to effectively retain C.

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Neves, João, Miguel Sampaio, Ana Séneca, Susana Pereira, José Pissarra, and Cláudia Pereira. "Abiotic Stress Triggers the Expression of Genes Involved in Protein Storage Vacuole and Exocyst-Mediated Routes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 19 (September 30, 2021): 10644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910644.

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Adverse conditions caused by abiotic stress modulate plant development and growth by altering morphological and cellular mechanisms. Plants’ responses/adaptations to stress often involve changes in the distribution and sorting of specific proteins and molecules. Still, little attention has been given to the molecular mechanisms controlling these rearrangements. We tested the hypothesis that plants respond to stress by remodelling their endomembranes and adapting their trafficking pathways. We focused on the molecular machinery behind organelle biogenesis and protein trafficking under abiotic stress conditions, evaluating their effects at the subcellular level, by looking at ultrastructural changes and measuring the expression levels of genes involved in well-known intracellular routes. The results point to a differential response of the endomembrane system, showing that the genes involved in the pathway to the Protein Storage Vacuole and the exocyst-mediated routes are upregulated. In contrast, the ones involved in the route to the Lytic Vacuole are downregulated. These changes are accompanied by morphological alterations of endomembrane compartments. The data obtained demonstrate that plants’ response to abiotic stress involves the differential expression of genes related to protein trafficking machinery, which can be connected to the activation/deactivation of specific intracellular sorting pathways and lead to alterations in the cell ultrastructure.

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Alqurashi, May, Marco Chiapello, Chantal Bianchet, Francesco Paolocci, Kathryn Lilley, and Christoph Gehring. "Early Responses to Severe Drought Stress in the Arabidopsis thaliana Cell Suspension Culture Proteome." Proteomes 6, no. 4 (October 2, 2018): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proteomes6040038.

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Abiotic stresses are considered the most deleterious factor affecting growth and development of plants worldwide. Such stresses are largely unavoidable and trigger adaptive responses affecting different cellular processes and target different compartments. Shotgun proteomic and mass spectrometry-based approaches offer an opportunity to elucidate the response of the proteome to abiotic stresses. In this study, the severe drought or water-deficit response in Arabidopsis thaliana was mimicked by treating cell suspension callus with 40% polyethylene glycol for 10 and 30 min. Resulting data demonstrated that 310 proteins were differentially expressed in response to this treatment with a strict ±2.0-fold change. Over-representation was observed in the gene ontology categories of ‘ribosome’ and its related functions as well as ‘oxidative phosphorylation’, indicating both structural and functional drought responses at the cellular level. Proteins in the category ‘endocytosis’ also show significant enrichment and this is consistent with increased active transport and recycling of membrane proteins in response to abiotic stress. This is supported by the particularly pronounced enrichment in proteins of the endosomal sorting complexes that are required for membrane remodelling. Taken together, the findings point to rapid and complex physiological and structural changes essential for survival in response to sudden severe drought stress.

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Ferrara, R., B. E. Maserti, and R. Breder. "Mercury in abiotic and biotic compartments of an area affected by a geochemical anomaly (Mt. Amiata, Italy)." Water Air & Soil Pollution 56, no. 1 (April 1991): 219–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00342273.

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Navrot, Nicolas, Valérie Collin, José Gualberto, Eric Gelhaye, Masakazu Hirasawa, Pascal Rey, David B. Knaff, Emmanuelle Issakidis, Jean-Pierre Jacquot, and Nicolas Rouhier. "Plant Glutathione Peroxidases Are Functional Peroxiredoxins Distributed in Several Subcellular Compartments and Regulated during Biotic and Abiotic Stresses." Plant Physiology 142, no. 4 (October 27, 2006): 1364–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.106.089458.

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Kim, Min Cheol, Nam Su Kim, Yeon Bok Kim, Chul Min Kim, Yong Suk Chung, and Sang Un Park. "Betaine Hydrochloride Treatment Affects Growth and Phenylpropanoid Accumulation in Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) Seedlings under Salt Stress." Agronomy 10, no. 6 (June 25, 2020): 906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060906.

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Betaine is one of the most competitive compounds that accumulate in different cellular compartments to adjust osmotic balance. Among the various stressors, salinity stress often leads to osmotic and ionic stress in plants, either increasing or decreasing certain secondary plant metabolites. In this study, different concentrations of NaCl, betaine, and combined NaCl and betaine were used in time-course experiments to investigate growth pattern variation and accumulation of phenylpropanoid compounds in buckwheat sprouts. A significant increase in growth was observed with the application of 0.1–1.0 mM betaine. Although overall, the total phenylpropanoid compounds were lower compared to the control, the sole application of 50 mM NaCl and 1.0 mM betaine especially enhanced the accumulation of some of these compounds in comparison to others. Betaine application at lower concentrations was found to enhance the growth of buckwheat sprouts slightly. The results of this study show that phenylpropanoid content did not increase significantly in any of the treatments. However, it was proven that the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway is stimulated under abiotic stress, resulting in a higher accumulation of various phenylpropanoid compounds. This suggests that the level of accumulation of phenylpropanoid compounds due to abiotic stress may be species-dependent.

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Candat, Adrien, Gaël Paszkiewicz, Martine Neveu, Romain Gautier, David C. Logan, Marie-Hélène Avelange-Macherel, and David Macherel. "The Ubiquitous Distribution of Late Embryogenesis Abundant Proteins across Cell Compartments in Arabidopsis Offers Tailored Protection against Abiotic Stress." Plant Cell 26, no. 7 (July 2014): 3148–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.114.127316.

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Moldovan, Mircea, Ioan Tăut, and Marcel Dîrja. "Studies on the role of improvement perimeters in preventing and combating soil erosion." Journal of Agricultural and Crop Research 8, no. 9 (September 17, 2020): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33495/jacr_v8i9.20.139.

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Work conducted over the course of a year have had as primary purpose the effect of ecological reconstruction through afforestation and other works (support fences, cross and longitudinal works în ravinees) in improvement perimeters Diviciori 1 (compartment 73) and Diviciori 3 (compartment 49). Forest vegetation was installed 30 years ago in 73, according to afforestation formula 7PiN-2Pa (Fr) -1 seadbucktorn and 50 years in 49, according to the afforestation formula: 5PiN-2Pi-3Mo. Stands were led using silvotechnic works were just regarding hygienization, in the first years. However, in the recent past, the trees have suffered due to abiotic factors that favorized the emergence of disease and pests (Lophodermium ssp. and Diprion pini). So as to obtain more relevant scientific data, test surfaces were placed following the methods used in the agricultural field, modified as to fit the forest field, so the data could be statistically processed and allow the recommendation of adequate technical solutions regarding the ecological reconstruction of the damaged terrains. Eight test areas were placed in the forests and limitrophe to them, the collected data concerning the volume of rainfall, the quantity of runoff on each surface, respectively material collected in the designated tanks. Therefore the collected data has been processed in the laboratory, ultimately uncovering the quantity of eroded material and comparing it between the two compartments and the limitrophe land, having the following values: 0.0912 t/ha in 49, 0.1718 t/ha outside 49, 0.0939 t/ha in 73 and 0.1657 outside 73. Keywords: Improvement perimeter, runoff plots, erosion, rainfall, forest bottom

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Considine, Michael J., and Christine H. Foyer. "Stress effects on the reactive oxygen species-dependent regulation of plant growth and development." Journal of Experimental Botany 72, no. 16 (June 9, 2021): 5795–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab265.

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Abstract Plant growth is mediated by cell proliferation and expansion. Both processes are controlled by a network of endogenous factors such as phytohormones, reactive oxygen species (ROS), sugars, and other signals, which influence gene expression and post-translational regulation of proteins. Stress resilience requires rapid and appropriate responses in plant growth and development as well as defence. Regulation of ROS accumulation in different cellular compartments influences growth responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. While ROS are essential for growth, they are also implicated in the stress-induced cessation of growth and, in some cases, programmed cell death. It is widely accepted that redox post-translational modifications of key proteins determine the growth changes and cell fate responses to stress, but the molecular pathways and factors involved remain poorly characterized. Here we discuss ROS as a signalling molecule, the mechanisms of ROS-dependent regulation that influence protein–protein interactions, protein function, and turnover, together with the relocation of key proteins to different intracellular compartments in a manner that can alter cell fate. Understanding how the redox interactome responds to stress-induced increases in ROS may provide a road map to tailoring the dynamic ROS interactions that determine growth and cell fate in order to enhance stress resilience.

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Rani, Monika, Serena Ducoli, Laura Eleonora Depero, Miljana Prica, Aleksandra Tubić, Zahida Ademovic, Liam Morrison, and Stefania Federici. "A Complete Guide to Extraction Methods of Microplastics from Complex Environmental Matrices." Molecules 28, no. 15 (July 28, 2023): 5710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28155710.

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Sustainable development is a big global challenge for the 21st century. In recent years, a class of emerging contaminants known as microplastics (MPs) has been identified as a significant pollutant with the potential to harm ecosystems. These small plastic particles have been found in every compartment of the planet, with aquatic habitats serving as the ultimate sink. The challenge to extract MPs from different environmental matrices is a tangible and imperative issue. One of the primary specialties of research in environmental chemistry is the development of simple, rapid, low-cost, sensitive, and selective analytical methods for the extraction and identification of MPs in the environment. The present review describes the developments in MP extraction methods from complex environmental matrices. All existing methodologies (new, old, and proof-of-concept) are discussed and evaluated for their potential usefulness to extract MPs from various biotic and abiotic matrices for the sake of progress and innovation. This study concludes by addressing the current challenges and outlining future research objectives aimed at combating MP pollution. Additionally, a set of recommendations is provided to assist researchers in selecting appropriate analytical techniques for obtaining accurate results. To facilitate this process, a proposed roadmap for MP extraction is presented, considering the specific environmental compartments under investigation. By following this roadmap, researchers can enhance their understanding of MP pollution and contribute to effective mitigation strategies.

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Colombo, Juan C., Michel F. Khalil, Michel Arnac, Alcide C. Horth, and Jose A. Catoggio. "Distribution of chlorinated pesticides and individual polychlorinated biphenyls in biotic and abiotic compartments of the Rio de la Plata, Argentina." Environmental Science & Technology 24, no. 4 (April 1990): 498–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00074a006.

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Kaur, Manmeet, Akriti Sharma, and Aditya. "A review on heavy metal accumulation and toxicity in biotic and abiotic components." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 889, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/889/1/012062.

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Abstract Pollutants in the environment remains to be a global issue and among the greatest challenges confronting mankind. Among the various kinds of pollutants, heavy metals have drawn a lot of attention owing to their toxicity. Heavy metals are recognized to be naturally existing, however they are introduced in considerable quantities in many environmental compartments due to anthropogenic activities. When added into the atmosphere eventually these find their way back to the ground, contaminating soils and water. These metals enter into the plant system through a variety of physiological mechanisms, affecting plant growth and development. The possible entry of these elements into the ecosystem has been attributed to the increased levels of heavy metals in the ecosystem through direct intake from polluted soils, vegetables grown on polluted soils, or drinking wastewater that has infiltrated through such soils. Heavy metal accumulation arises when vegetable crops are grown in an environment contaminated with heavy metal, further entering and magnifying in the food chain. Human health is jeopardised by the presence and consumption of potentially harmful heavy metals in biota and groundwater. Heavy metal exposure can cause a number of serious human health implications, including kidney disease, respiratory problems, neurological disorders, and cancer. These heavy metals have an impact not merely on plants and humans, but also on soil health, water sources, soil nutrient status, and other aquatic organisms. These are irreversibly introduced in the environment since they cannot be degraded and are typically present in trace amounts, yet even at low levels, many of them can be harmful. The increased levels of heavy metals in the environment are hence currently prompting increased concern and need improvised remedial measures.

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Fitzpatrick, Connor R., Julia Copeland, Pauline W. Wang, David S. Guttman, Peter M. Kotanen, and Marc T. J. Johnson. "Assembly and ecological function of the root microbiome across angiosperm plant species." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 6 (January 22, 2018): E1157—E1165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717617115.

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Across plants and animals, host-associated microbial communities play fundamental roles in host nutrition, development, and immunity. The factors that shape host–microbiome interactions are poorly understood, yet essential for understanding the evolution and ecology of these symbioses. Plant roots assemble two distinct microbial compartments from surrounding soil: the rhizosphere (microbes surrounding roots) and the endosphere (microbes within roots). Root-associated microbes were key for the evolution of land plants and underlie fundamental ecosystem processes. However, it is largely unknown how plant evolution has shaped root microbial communities, and in turn, how these microbes affect plant ecology, such as the ability to mitigate biotic and abiotic stressors. Here we show that variation among 30 angiosperm species, which have diverged for up to 140 million years, affects root bacterial diversity and composition. Greater similarity in root microbiomes between hosts leads to negative effects on plant performance through soil feedback, with specific microbial taxa in the endosphere and rhizosphere potentially affecting competitive interactions among plant species. Drought also shifts the composition of root microbiomes, most notably by increasing the relative abundance of the Actinobacteria. However, this drought response varies across host plant species, and host-specific changes in the relative abundance of endosphereStreptomycesare associated with host drought tolerance. Our results emphasize the causes of variation in root microbiomes and their ecological importance for plant performance in response to biotic and abiotic stressors.

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Liebminger, Eva, Christiane Veit, Martin Pabst, Martine Batoux, Cyril Zipfel, Friedrich Altmann, Lukas Mach, and Richard Strasser. "β-N-Acetylhexosaminidases HEXO1 and HEXO3 Are Responsible for the Formation of Paucimannosidic N-Glycans in Arabidopsis thaliana." Journal of Biological Chemistry 286, no. 12 (January 20, 2011): 10793–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m110.178020.

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Most plant glycoproteins contain substantial amounts of paucimannosidic N-glycans instead of their direct biosynthetic precursors, complex N-glycans with terminal N-acetylglucosamine residues. We now demonstrate that two β-N-acetylhexosaminidases (HEXO1 and HEXO3) residing in different subcellular compartments jointly account for the formation of paucimannosidic N-glycans in Arabidopsis thaliana. Total N-glycan analysis of hexo knock-out plants revealed that HEXO1 and HEXO3 contribute equally to the production of paucimannosidic N-glycans in roots, whereas N-glycan processing in leaves depends more heavily on HEXO3 than on HEXO1. Because hexo1 hexo3 double mutants do not display any obvious phenotype even upon exposure to different forms of abiotic or biotic stress, it should be feasible to improve the quality of glycoprotein therapeutics produced in plants by down-regulation of endogenous β-N-acetylhexosaminidase activities.

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Vezzaro, L., E. Eriksson, A. Ledin, and P. S. Mikkelsen. "Dynamic stormwater treatment unit model for micropollutants (STUMP) based on substance inherent properties." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 3 (August 1, 2010): 622–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.316.

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Modelling the removal of micropollutants (MPs) in stormwater treatment systems is essential in a context that is characterized by a general lack of measurements. This paper presents an innovative dynamic model for the prediction of the removal of MPs in stormwater treatment systems (Stormwater Treatment Unit model for Micro Pollutants—STUMP). The model, based on a conceptual model of two-compartment (water and sediment) serial Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactors (CSTRs), can predict the fate of MPs based on their inherent properties, which are often the only information available regarding this kind of substances. The flexible structure of the model can be applied to a wide range of treatment units and substances. Based on the most relevant removal processes (settling, volatilization, sorption, biodegradation, and abiotic degradation), the model allows the dynamic simulation of the MP behaviour in the different compartments of stormwater treatment systems. The model was tested for heavy metals (copper and zinc) and organic substances (benzene and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate). The results show that volatilization plays a big role for removal of benzene while the removal of substances with high sorption capacity is mainly driven by settling. The model was proven to be able to predict the importance of the various fate processes for selected substances with different inherent properties. A thorough assessment of the influence of the various fate process parameters will allow a reliable assessment of the treatment performances for a wide range of MPs.

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Pastorino, Paolo, Elisabetta Pizzul, Marco Bertoli, Serena Anselmi, Manuel Kušće, Vasco Menconi, Marino Prearo, and Monia Renzi. "First insights into plastic and microplastic occurrence in biotic and abiotic compartments, and snow from a high-mountain lake (Carnic Alps)." Chemosphere 265 (February 2021): 129121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129121.

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Migaszewski, Zdzisław M., and Agnieszka Gałuszka. "Abundance and fate of thallium and its stable isotopes in the environment." Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology 20, no. 1 (February 12, 2021): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11157-020-09564-8.

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Abstract This overview presents the updated physicochemical characteristics of thallium and its stable isotopes (205Tl/203Tl) in the context of their occurrence and fate in abiotic and biotic systems. This also deals with the thallium behavior in geochemical interactions in and between different environmental compartments and describes its natural (geogenic) and industrial sources. The particular emphasis is placed on some extreme environments, including acid mine drainage areas where oxidation processes of Tl-bearing pyrite and other sulfides lead to very high concentrations of this metal in reactive acidic waters. Many geochemical studies have also employed stable thallium isotopes to reconstruct redox conditions in different environmental systems, to fingerprint relative pollution source strengths and to evaluate mobility of this element and its geochemical interactions in the mineral-water and soil–plant systems. This is the reason why this overview also highlights the growing potential of stable Tl isotopes in solving different geologic and environmental issues. Graphic abstract

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Caloni, Samuele, Tiziana Durazzano, Giada Franci, and Letizia Marsili. "Sunscreens’ UV Filters Risk for Coastal Marine Environment Biodiversity: A Review." Diversity 13, no. 8 (August 12, 2021): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13080374.

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Considering the rapid growth of tourism in recent years and the acknowledgement that exposure to solar UV radiation may cause skin cancer, sunscreens have been widely used by beachgoers in recent decades. UV filters contained in sunscreens, however, were recently identified as emerging pollutants in coastal waters since they accumulate in the marine environment with different adverse effects. In fact, exposure to these components was proven to be toxic to most invertebrate and vertebrate marine species. Some UV filters are linked to the production of significant amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide, and the release of inorganic micronutrients that may alter the status of coastal habitats. Bioaccumulation and biomagnification have not yet been fully addressed. This review highlights recent progress in research and provides a comprehensive overview of the toxicological and ecotoxicological effects of the most used UV filters both on the abiotic and biotic compartments in different types of coastal areas, to gain a better understanding of the impacts on coastal biodiversity.

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Hussain, Syed Shakir, Dawood ul Hassan, Muntha Sittara, Javaid Hassan, Maryam Zahra, Muhammad Nabeel Aslam, Muhammad Saqlain Khadim, Abbas Raza, and Muhammad Irfan. "Recent Trends and Applications in Biological Sciences, Zoology and Botany and Agricultural Sciences." Haya: The Saudi Journal of Life Sciences 8, no. 11 (December 7, 2023): 235–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjls.2023.v08i11.002.

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Most of the molecular targets are genes involved in carbohydrate and sugar metabolism. The jasmonic acid signaling regulation controls a range of plant developmental processes and responses to biotic and abiotic stressors; this regulation most likely involves the photosynthetic apparatus. Proteases and peptidases that are specialized to certain compartments, their number, location, and turnover, protein interactors, and posttranslational modifications (PTMs) including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, nitrosylation, and carbonylation are among these activities. The adding pure natural components and plant extracts to food may help prevent botulism. Furthermore, given the lack of apparent pharmacological treatment, whole foods high in polyphenols and the bioactive substances contain have to be assessed for potential medical benefits. The food chain is seriously endangered by fusarium species and other fungal species that infect food, particularly grain. Mycotoxins' harmful effects on people are limited by the highest amounts that are allowed in food. Several nations have placed restrictions on the number of mycotoxins that can be found in food items.

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Schall, Patrick, Lucas Marutschke, and Bernhard Grimm. "The Flavoproteome of the Model Plant Arabidopsis thaliana." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 15 (July 28, 2020): 5371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155371.

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Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) are essential cofactors for enzymes, which catalyze a broad spectrum of vital reactions. This paper intends to compile all potential FAD/FMN-binding proteins encoded by the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana. Several computational approaches were applied to group the entire flavoproteome according to (i) different catalytic reactions in enzyme classes, (ii) the localization in subcellular compartments, (iii) different protein families and subclasses, and (iv) their classification to structural properties. Subsequently, the physiological significance of several of the larger flavoprotein families was highlighted. It is conclusive that plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, use many flavoenzymes for plant-specific and pivotal metabolic activities during development and for signal transduction pathways in response to biotic and abiotic stress. Thereby, often two up to several homologous genes are found encoding proteins with high protein similarity. It is proposed that these gene families for flavoproteins reflect presumably their need for differential transcriptional control or the expression of similar proteins with modified flavin-binding properties or catalytic activities.

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Afrin, Taiaba, Danish Diwan, Katrina Sahawneh, and Karolina Pajerowska-Mukhtar. "Multilevel regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress responses in plants: where old roads and new paths meet." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 5 (November 4, 2019): 1659–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz487.

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Abstract The sessile lifestyle of plants requires them to cope with a multitude of stresses in situ. In response to diverse environmental and intracellular cues, plant cells respond by massive reprogramming of transcription and translation of stress response regulators, many of which rely on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) processing. This increased protein synthesis could exceed the capacity of precise protein quality control, leading to the accumulation of unfolded and/or misfolded proteins that triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR). Such cellular stress responses are multilayered and executed in different cellular compartments. Here, we will discuss the three main branches of UPR signaling in diverse eukaryotic systems, and describe various levels of ER stress response regulation that encompass transcriptional gene regulation by master transcription factors, post-transcriptional activities including cytoplasmic splicing, translational control, and multiple post-translational events such as peptide modifications and cleavage. In addition, we will discuss the roles of plant ER stress sensors in abiotic and biotic stress responses and speculate on the future prospects of engineering these signaling events for heightened stress tolerance.

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Gonçalves, Mariangela, Júlia Pinho, and Rachel Hauser-Davis. "A Scienciometric Review On Microplastics As Chemical Pollutant Vectors In Aquatic Ecosystems." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Contamination 18, no. 1 (November 11, 2023): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5132/eec.2023.01.09.

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The production and disposal of plastic material has increased exponentially in recent decades. As a result, microplastics resulting from plastic degradation processes are now present in all environmental compartments, in particular, aquatic ecosystems. These microparticles can interact with different chemical pollutants, representing a significant risk to living organisms. In this context, the present study aimed to assess microplastics as chemical pollutant vectors in aquatic ecosystems, evaluating adsorption processes between these particles and both organic and inorganic pollutants. To this end, a scienciometric review was carried out, retrieving a total of 56 scientific articles. The retrieved studies indicate microplastic particles are capable of associating with different environmental chemical contaminants and that interactions depends on abiotic factors such as pH, salinity, light and temperature, the type of polymeric material and its aging characteristics and, finally, the organic matter adhered to the particle. Further studies on this topic are required to understand potential deleterious effects on aquatic biota due to microplastic-adsorbed chemical pollutants and establish measures capable of reducing and controlling these pollutants.

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Kløve, Sigri, Claudia Genger, Dennis Weschka, Soraya Mousavi, Stefan Bereswill, and Markus M. Heimesaat. "Toll-Like Receptor-4 Is Involved in Mediating Intestinal and Extra-Intestinal Inflammation in Campylobacter coli-Infected Secondary Abiotic IL-10−/− Mice." Microorganisms 8, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 1882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8121882.

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Human Campylobacter infections are emerging worldwide and constitute significant health burdens. We recently showed that the immunopathological sequelae in Campylobacter jejuni-infected mice were due to Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 dependent immune responses induced by bacterial lipooligosaccharide (LOS). Information regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying Campylobacter coli-host interactions are scarce, however. Therefore, we analyzed C. coli-induced campylobacteriosis in secondary abiotic IL-10−/− mice with and without TLR4. Mice were infected perorally with a human C. coli isolate or with a murine commensal Escherichia coli as apathogenic, non-invasive control. Independent from TLR4, C. coli and E. coli stably colonized the gastrointestinal tract, but only C. coli induced clinical signs of campylobacteriosis. TLR4−/− IL-10−/− mice, however, displayed less frequently fecal blood and less distinct histopathological and apoptotic sequelae in the colon versus IL-10−/− counterparts on day 28 following C. coli infection. Furthermore, C. coli-induced colonic immune cell responses were less pronounced in TLR4−/− IL-10−/− as compared to IL-10−/− mice and accompanied by lower pro-inflammatory mediator concentrations in the intestines and the liver of the former versus the latter. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that TLR4 is involved in mediating C. coli-LOS-induced immune responses in intestinal and extra-intestinal compartments during murine campylobacteriosis.

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Dourmap, Corentin, Solène Roque, Amélie Morin, Damien Caubrière, Margaux Kerdiles, Kyllian Béguin, Romain Perdoux, et al. "Stress signalling dynamics of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation system in higher plants." Annals of Botany 125, no. 5 (November 10, 2019): 721–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcz184.

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Abstract Background Mitochondria play a diversity of physiological and metabolic roles under conditions of abiotic or biotic stress. They may be directly subjected to physico-chemical constraints, and they are also involved in integrative responses to environmental stresses through their central position in cell nutrition, respiration, energy balance and biosyntheses. In plant cells, mitochondria present various biochemical peculiarities, such as cyanide-insensitive alternative respiration, and, besides integration with ubiquitous eukaryotic compartments, their functioning must be coupled with plastid functioning. Moreover, given the sessile lifestyle of plants, their relative lack of protective barriers and present threats of climate change, the plant cell is an attractive model to understand the mechanisms of stress/organelle/cell integration in the context of environmental stress responses. Scope The involvement of mitochondria in this integration entails a complex network of signalling, which has not been fully elucidated, because of the great diversity of mitochondrial constituents (metabolites, reactive molecular species and structural and regulatory biomolecules) that are linked to stress signalling pathways. The present review analyses the complexity of stress signalling connexions that are related to the mitochondrial electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation system, and how they can be involved in stress perception and transduction, signal amplification or cell stress response modulation. Conclusions Plant mitochondria are endowed with a diversity of multi-directional hubs of stress signalling that lead to regulatory loops and regulatory rheostats, whose functioning can amplify and diversify some signals or, conversely, dampen and reduce other signals. Involvement in a wide range of abiotic and biotic responses also implies that mitochondrial stress signalling could result in synergistic or conflicting outcomes during acclimation to multiple and complex stresses, such as those arising from climate change.

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Baranova, Ekaterina N., and Alexander A. Gulevich. "Asymmetry of Plant Cell Divisions under Salt Stress." Symmetry 13, no. 10 (September 28, 2021): 1811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13101811.

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Salt stress causes several damaging effects in plant cells. These commonly observed effects are the results of oxidative, osmotic, and toxic stresses. To ensure normal growth and development of tissues, the cellular compartments of multicellular plants have a unique system that provides the specified parameters of growth and differentiation. The cell shape and the direction of division support the steady development of the organism, the habit, and the typical shape of the organs and the whole plant. When dividing, daughter cells evenly or unevenly distribute the components of cytoplasm. Factors such as impaired osmotic regulation, exposure to toxic compounds, and imbalance in the antioxidant system cause disorders associated with the moving of organelles, distribution transformations of the endoplasmic reticulum, and the vacuolar compartment. In some cases, one can observe a different degree of plasmolysis manifestation, local changes in the density of cytoplasm. Together, these processes can cause disturbances in the direction of cell division, the formation of a phragmoplast, the formation of nuclei of daughter cells, and a violation of their fine structural organization. These processes are often accompanied by significant damage to the cytoskeleton, the formation of nonspecific structures formed by proteins of the cytoskeleton. The consequences of these processes can lead to the death of some cells or to a significant change in their morphology and properties, deformation of newly formed tissues and organs, and changes in the plant phenotype. Thus, as a result of significant violations of the cytoskeleton, causing critical destabilization of the symmetric distribution of the cell content, disturbances in the distribution of chromosomes, especially in polyploid cells, may occur, resulting in the appearance of micronuclei. Hence, the asymmetry of a certain component of the plant cell is a marker of susceptibility to abiotic damage.

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Parrotta, Luigi, Umesh Kumar Tanwar, Iris Aloisi, Ewa Sobieszczuk-Nowicka, Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek, and Stefano Del Duca. "Plant Transglutaminases: New Insights in Biochemistry, Genetics, and Physiology." Cells 11, no. 9 (May 3, 2022): 1529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11091529.

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Transglutaminases (TGases) are calcium-dependent enzymes that catalyse an acyl-transfer reaction between primary amino groups and protein-bound Gln residues. They are widely distributed in nature, being found in vertebrates, invertebrates, microorganisms, and plants. TGases and their functionality have been less studied in plants than humans and animals. TGases are distributed in all plant organs, such as leaves, tubers, roots, flowers, buds, pollen, and various cell compartments, including chloroplasts, the cytoplasm, and the cell wall. Recent molecular, physiological, and biochemical evidence pointing to the role of TGases in plant biology and the mechanisms in which they are involved allows us to consider their role in processes such as photosynthesis, plant fertilisation, responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, and leaf senescence. In the present paper, an in-depth description of the biochemical characteristics and a bioinformatics comparison of plant TGases is provided. We also present the phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, and sequence alignment of TGase proteins in various plant species, not described elsewhere. Currently, our knowledge of these proteins in plants is still insufficient. Further research with the aim of identifying and describing the regulatory components of these enzymes and the processes regulated by them is needed.

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Farvardin, Atefeh, Ana Isabel González-Hernández, Eugenio Llorens, Pilar García-Agustín, Loredana Scalschi, and Begonya Vicedo. "The Apoplast: A Key Player in Plant Survival." Antioxidants 9, no. 7 (July 10, 2020): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9070604.

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The apoplast comprises the intercellular space, the cell walls, and the xylem. Important functions for the plant, such as nutrient and water transport, cellulose synthesis, and the synthesis of molecules involved in plant defense against both biotic and abiotic stresses, take place in it. The most important molecules are ROS, antioxidants, proteins, and hormones. Even though only a small quantity of ROS is localized within the apoplast, apoplastic ROS have an important role in plant development and plant responses to various stress conditions. In the apoplast, like in the intracellular cell compartments, a specific set of antioxidants can be found that can detoxify the different types of ROS produced in it. These scavenging ROS components confer stress tolerance and avoid cellular damage. Moreover, the production and accumulation of proteins and peptides in the apoplast take place in response to various stresses. Hormones are also present in the apoplast where they perform important functions. In addition, the apoplast is also the space where microbe-associated molecular Patterns (MAMPs) are secreted by pathogens. In summary, the diversity of molecules found in the apoplast highlights its importance in the survival of plant cells.

Journal articles on the topic 'Abiotic compartments'

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