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1
Moreira, Cátia Andreia Alves. "ABI e CAVI em doentes diabéticos." Master's thesis, Universidade da Beira Interior, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/990.
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Estudar o NOVO ÍNDICE PREDITIVO DE DOENÇA CARDIOVASCULAR,o CAVI, em doentes diabéticos, foi um desafio encorajado pelo forte impacto que a Diabetes e a Doença Cardiovascular apresentam na sociedade actual. Assim, foi objectivo do presente estudo abordar a diabetes de uma resumida, bem como divulgar as novas técnicas de diagnóstico de detecção precoce de risco cardiovascular, hoje em voga na sociedade Japonesa. Para além disso, este estudo pretende ainda verificar se o índice supra mencionado pode ser aplicado à população diabética, visto ser esta a que apresenta maior risco de doença cardiovascular.
A Diabetes Mellitus é uma situação clínica que, embora heterogénea na sua etiopatogenia e, mesmo, nas suas manifestações clínicas, tem vindo a aumentar de frequência em todo o mundo, sendo considerada uma doença em expansão epidémica, sobretudo nos países em desenvolvimento e industrializados. Embora ainda seja difícil estimar a prevalência da Diabetes Mellitus (pois sendo esta doença, muitas vezes, assintomática, o número de casos numa população pode não corresponder à prevalência real da doença), segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde, actualmente, existem cerca de 220 milhões de pessoas doentes da diabetes e estima-se que, em 2030, este número duplique.
Assim, o seu diagnóstico e tratamento precoce, bem como o diagnóstico e tratamento das suas complicações (nomeadamente, a cegueira, a insuficiência renal crónica - com terapêutica dialítica crónica, ou com transplante renal -, a amputação do(s) membro(s) inferior(es), a doença cardiovascular incapacitante e a mortalidade elevada) constituem actualmente o maior desafio para os profissionais de Saúde.
A co-morbilidade mais associada à Diabetes é a aterosclerose e, consequentemente, a Doença Cardiovascular, havendo mesmo autores (Peter Savage) a afirmar que entre 2/3 a 3/4 dos doentes diabéticos irão, eventualmente, morrer de Doença cardiovascular. Desta forma, a Diabetes Mellitus tem vindo a manifestar-se como uma importante causa de Doença Cardiovascular na população. Assim sendo, várias organizações têm como objectivo comum focalizar a sua atenção na prevenção das complicações cardiovasculares da diabetes, isto porque recentes estudos confirmam e realçam que o risco absoluto de doença coronária, em pacientes com diabetes tipo 2, se aproxima do risco dos doentes não diabéticos, mas com patologia coronária pré-existente. Este quadro torna-se mais gravoso e o prognóstico mais sombrio, quando os doentes com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 desenvolvem doença coronária clinicamente significativa. Por este motivo, surgem novos métodos preditivos (mais simples e fáceis de utilizar pelos profissionais da saúde e menos incómodos para os doentes), que visam detectar precocemente a doença aterosclerótica e a doença cardiovascular. Destas novas técnicas, destacam-se o “ABI – Anckel-Brachial Index”, em associação com o “baPWV – Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity”, e o “CAVI- Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index”. O mais recente índice, o CAVI, chega mesmo a ser considerado pelos médicos japoneses como o índice mais promissor de detecção precoce de doença aterosclerótica coronária.Studying the NEW PREDICTIVE INDEX OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE,the CAVI, in diabetic patients was a challenge encouraged by the strong impact that the diabetes and the Cardiovascular Disease have on the current society. Thus, it was the goal of this study to approach the diabetes in a short way, as well as to give information about the new diagnosis technique of early detection of the cardiovascular risk, in vogue in the Japanese society nowadays. In addition, this study also intends to verify whether the indexes mentioned above may be applied to the diabetic population since this is the one that has greater risk of cardiovascular disease. Mellitus Diabetes is a clinical situation that, in spite of heterogeneous in its etiopathogenesis and even in its clinical manifestations, has been increasing in frequency all over the world. It is considered a disease in epidemic expansion mainly in developing and industrialized countries. Although it is still difficult to estimate the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (for being often this disease asymptomatic, the number of cases in a population may not correspond to the real prevalence of the disease), according to the World Health Organization, there are circa 220 million of people with diabetes at present, and it is estimated that this number will double in 2030. Thus, its early diagnosis and treatment, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of its implications (namely, blindness, chronic renal failure- with chronic dialytic therapy, or with kidney transplant -, the lower limb amputation, the disabling cardiovascular disease and high mortality) are the greatest challenge for Health professionals nowadays. The co-morbidity mostly associated to Diabetes is the atherosclerosis and, consequently, the Cardiovascular Disease. There are authors (Peter Savage) that even state that two thirds to three quarters of the diabetic patients are likely to die from the Cardiovascular Disease. So, MD has been appearing as an important cause of the Cardiovascular Disease in the population. Consequently, organizations aim at focusing their attention on the prevention of the cardiovascular implications of Diabetes. This happens because recent studies have confirmed and emphasised that the absolute risk of coronary disease in patients with Diabetes Type 2 is getting closer to the risk of non-diabetic patient with pre-existing coronary pathology. This profile becomes more serious and the prognosis more sombre when patients with MD2 develop clinically significant coronary disease. For this reason, new predictive methods (simpler and easier to be used by the Health professionals and less uncomfortable for the patients) appear aiming at the early detection of the atherosclerotic disease and the Cardiovascular Disease. Among these new techniques, the ABI– Brachial Ankle Index, in association with baPWV – Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity, and the CAVI- Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index stand out. Japanese doctors even consider that the most recent index, the CAVI, is the most promising index in the early detection of the coronary atherosclerotic disease.
2
Rohovský, Tomáš. "Detection of API and ABI Compatibility in Java." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236358.
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Tato diplomová práce se zabývá API a ABI kompatibilitou Java knihoven. Jsou popsány typy kompatibility a analyzovány změny API, které vedou k zdrojové či binárni nekompatibilitě. Dále je provedena analýza existujících nástrojů, které provádějí zjišťování nekompatibility. Vhodný nástroj z předchozí analýzy je vybrán a rozšířen. Na základě rozšířeného nástroje je vytvořena serverová aplikace, která poskytuje informace o kompatibilitě sledovaných knihoven.
3
Boylan, Anne-Marie. "Exploring social inclusion in children with acquired brain injury (ABI)." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.579579.
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Social inclusion following childhood acquired brain injury (ABI) has never before been researched. Related concepts, such as friendship and participation, have received attention during the last decade. However, these studies have mainly been small-scale quantitative efforts, relying on caregiver report and neglecting children's perspectives. This research aimed to explore the social inclusion of children with ABI from multiple perspectives and employing multiple methods. A second aim of the study was to ascertain if two current psychometric measures of social functioning could be utilised to capture the children's experiences of social inclusion. A purposive sample of nine children with ABI, mothers (n=9), teachers (n=9) and peers (n=100) were recruited through a charity in Northern Ireland. The children and their mothers participated in semi-structured interviews, which were analysed using Interpretative PhenomenologicaI Analysis. Analysis of the children's interviews generated five super-ordinate and nine subordinate themes, and focused on their experiences of social inclusion, rejection and conflict, and the personal impact of ABI on the self-concept and on coping. The analysis of the mothers' data yielded four super-ordinate and twelve subordinate themes, which described the impact of ABI on the family, the changes to the child, protection after ABI, and the child's return to social life. In addition to the interviews, children, mothers and teachers completed two psychometric measures of social functioning, the Child Behaviour Checklist and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The children's peers participated in a sociometric task, which aimed to act as a measure of their popularity among their classmates. A comparison of the findings of the psychometrics and the sociometric with the interview data revealed that the measures of social functioning do not adequately assess social inclusion in children following ABI. Subsequently, recommendations about the formulation of a new measure of social inclusion for children with ABI are made.
4
Johannsen, Svenja. "Der Einfluss von Abi-1 auf die Entwicklung primärer hippocampaler Neurone." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:289-vts-63882.
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Edwards, Adrian Richard. "An exploration of parenting for those with an acquired brain injury (ABI)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.556153.
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For individuals with an acquired brain injury (ABI) who have dependent children their ABI has the potential to impact upon their parenting abilities, skills and relationships. Parenting capacity is an important clinical issue supported by a wide body of existing literature and arises in many specialties, such as adult mental health, learning disabilities and forensics. In the field of ABI the issue of parenting capacity is less developed, yet it remains an important clinical issue. This systematic review examined the current state of knowledge about this within the ABI field and discovered the literature is, as yet, under developed, with little theory and no clear practice guidelines specific to brain-injured parents. Recommendations are made for the development of a parenting capacity assessment protocol for brain-injured parents. Additionally little research has been conducted to explore the effect ABI has on parenting. This empirical study aimed to qualitatively explore the experiences and needs of parents who have suffered an ABI in the last two years from their own perspectives. Interpretive phenomenological analysis was used to analyse the data, leading to the identification of 4 main themes: (1) Multiple Losses, (2) A mix of resigned acceptance and uncertain future (3) Giving and receiving support is part of the healing process, (4) Hopes and aspirations. The results supported the idea of a circular, bi-directional, 'pendulum like' process of movement between experiencing the multiple losses of their parental role and attempting to adapt and adjust to these changes. The clinical and research implications of the systematic review and empirical paper are discussed.
6
Oliphant, Jenna. "Emotion processing after childhood Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) : an eye tracking study." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3902.
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Few studies have explored emotion processing abilities in children following Acquired Brain Injury (ABI). This study develops previous research in this area by exploring emotion processing skills in children with focal ABI, using eye tracking technology. It was hypothesised that children with focal ABI would demonstrate impaired emotion recognition abilities relative to a control group and that, similar to adult eye tracking studies, they would show an atypical pattern of eye moments when viewing faces. Sixteen participants with focal ABI (10-16 years) and 27 healthy controls (10-16 years) completed one novel and one adapted visual emotion processing task, presented using a T120 Tobii eye-tracker. The eye-tracker measured eye-movement fixations in three areas of interest (AOIs; eyes, nose, mouth), as participants viewed the stimuli. Emotion perception accuracy was recorded. All participants from the ABI group also completed neuropsychological assessment of their immediate visual memory, visual attention, visuospatial abilities, and everyday executive function. The results of the study showed no significant difference in accuracy between the ABI and control groups. However, on average children with ABI appeared slightly less accurate than the control group in both emotion recognition tasks. Within-subjects analysis revealed no effect of lesion location and laterality or age at lesion onset upon emotion recognition accuracy. Eye tracking analysis showed that children within the ABI group presented with an atypical pattern of eye movements relative to the control group, demonstrating significantly greater fixation times within the eye region, when viewing disgusted, fearful angry and happy faces. The ABI group also showed reduced mean percentage fixation duration within the nose and mouth regions, relative to controls. Furthermore, it was observed that the ABI group took longer on average to give an accurate response to sad, disgusted, happy and surprised faces and this difference reached statistical significance for the accurate recognition of happy and surprised faces. It is suggested that the atypical fixation patterns noted within the ABI group, may represent a difficulty with dividing visual attention rapidly across the whole of the face. This slowing may have an impact upon functioning in everyday social situations, where rapid processing and appraisal of emotion is thought to be particularly important. It is therefore suggested that eye tracking technology may be a valuable method for the identification of subtle difficulties in facial emotion processing, following focal ABI in childhood, and may also have an application in the rehabilitation of these difficulties in future.
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Pedlow, Katy. "Constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT)for patients with acquired brain injury (ABI)." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.593635.
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Recovery of movement and function of the upper limb post acquired brain injury (ABI) is problematic. Constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) involves constraint of the less affected limb for 90% of waking hours for two or more consecutive weeks while intensively training the hemiplegic upper extremity using both physical and behavioural methods. Despite the robust evidence base for CIMT large gaps remain including two key issues which have emerged from two systematic reviews conducted within this thesis. Firstly the majority of research has not used the full multi component core CIMT protocol, and secondly the current level of CIMT implementation within the United Kingdom (UK) is unknown. A subsequent UK wide online survey was conducted to investigate therapist knowledge and application of CIMT in practice. Two main points were made; firstly the majority of therapists did not use CIMT (62.9% n==306) due 10 resource barriers and lack of training, and secondly those who did use CIMT, did not implement the whole package. A clinical feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT), incorporating standardisation methods to ensure treatment fidelity, was therefore conducted and confirmed that CIMT could be applied using a multi disciplinary approach in a UK clinical setting to the stroke and traumatic brain injury population (TBI). Success was highlighted by the high adherence rates and overall improved outcomes in terms of upper limb function and quality of life compared to those receiving conventional Bobath based upper limb therapy. This feasibility was further highlighted during a focus group study which described a therapist journey from an initial challenge stage to modelling in which therapists discussed the use of CIMT in their future practice. Overall this doctoral work has determined use, and barriers and subsequent enablers to CIMT implementation in the UK in addition to providing a feasible framework for delivering CIMT in the NHS setting.
8
El-Magboul, Abbas Mustafa. "An edition and analysis of Kitab Qira'at Abi 'Amr by Al-Nakzawi." Thesis, Durham University, 1991. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1187/.
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Marroquin, Stephanie Michelle. "A Novel Abi-domain Protein Controls Virulence Determinant Production in Staphylococcus aureus." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6725.
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A major factor in the success of Staphylococcus aureus as a pathogen is its vast arsenal of virulence determinants and, more importantly, the tight and precisely- timed regulation of these factors. Here we investigate the product of the S. aureus gene, SAUSA300_1984, encoding a putative transmembrane protein. This as yet uncharacterized protein belongs to the Abi (abortive infection) family, which are commonly annotated as CAAX-proteases, and are significantly understudied in prokaryotes. In S. aureus the disruption of SAUSA300_1984 results in a drastic reduction of proteolytic and hemolytic activity, as well as diminished pigmentation. This phenotype appears to be mediated through reduced agr expression, as determined by qPCR analysis. Importantly, known regulators of agr, such as CodY, MgrA, and ArlR, demonstrate no significant changes in transcription upon 1984 disruption, whilst major alterations were observed for downstream effectors of agr, such as sarS, RNAIII, rot and hla. Complementation and site-directed mutagenesis of 1984 demonstrated that proteolytic activity (via conserved EE residues) was not required for this phenotype, suggesting a potential protein-protein interaction mechanism of interaction. Proteome analysis of the 1984 mutant confirmed a number of our transcriptional observations, such as an increased abundance of Rot and surface associated proteins, as well as a marked decrease in Agr-system proteins levels, with the most striking being AgrB. Virulence profiling revealed a decreased ability of the 1984 mutant to evade constituents of the innate immune response, and impaired survival during murine models of infection. Given that SAUSA300_1984 is encoded 3 genes downstream of RNAIII, our current working hypothesis is that this Abi protein functions to control agr activity through communication with membrane components of this system, potentially via interaction with AgrB. Confirming this, and determining the upstream effectors of this regulatory system are studies currently ongoing in our laboratory.
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Meira, Paloma Ribeiro. "Fatores bi?tico e abi?ticos que influenciam na concentra??o de podofilotoxina." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2013. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/234.
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This paper describes the influence of abiotic and biotic factors in the concentration of secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical interest in medicinal plants, while it aims to answer how these factors influence the concentration of podophyllotoxin and yate?na Leptohyptis macrostachys in vitro, this goal. The specimen Leptohyptis macrostachys was established in vitro from seeds collected in the Chapada Diamantina-Ba; studying the rate of germination rate, the germination and mean germination of seeds grown on MS medium with different concentrations of salts constituents of this medium as well as different concentrations of sucrose and gibberellic acid. Was also studied, such as abiotic factors (culture medium, carbon source temperature, photoperiod and gas exchange) and biological (plant growth regulators) influenced the development (number of shoots and leaves and roots presence of friable callus, compact or oxidized) and production of podophyllotoxin and yate?na. To study the influence of these factors in getting these metabolites, plants were steeped at 40 ? C in ethanol to produce the extract. This was partitioned with water and after a specific treatment, injected into the HPLC. We established a protocol for Leptohyptis macrostachys growing from seeds in ? MS medium supplemented with 1.5% sucrose and 11.55 mM of GA3, there was no significant formation of callus in treatments applied and the concentration of podophyllotoxin was favored when L. macrostachys was grown in ? MS medium supplemented with 1.5% sucrose, closed with PVC film and kept in a growth room at 30 ? C.
Este trabalho descreve a influ?ncia de fatores abi?ticos e bi?tico na concentra??o de metab?litos secund?rios de interesse farmacol?gico em plantas medicinais, ao mesmo tempo que se prop?e a responder como esses fatores influenciam na concentra??o de podofilotoxina e yate?na em Leptohyptis macrostachys in vitro, objetivo deste. A esp?cime Leptohyptis macrostachys foi estabelecida in vitro a partir de sementes coletadas na regi?o da Chapada Diamantina-Ba; estudando o ?ndice de velocidade de germina??o, a germinabilidade e o tempo m?dio de germina??o de sementes cultivadas em meio MS com diferentes concentra??es de sais constituintes deste meio, bem como diferentes concentra??es de sacarose e ?cido giber?lico. Foi estudado tamb?m, como fatores abi?ticos (meio de cultivo, fontes de carbono temperatura, fotoper?odo e trocas gasosas)e bi?tico (reguladores vegetais) influenciaram no desenvolvimento (quantidade de brotos folhas e ra?zes e presen?a de calos fri?veis, compactos ou oxidados) e na produ??o de podofilotoxina e yate?na. Para estudar a influ?ncia estes fatores na obten??o destes metab?litos, as plantas foram maceradas ? 40?C em etanol para a produ??o do extrato. Este foi particionado com ?gua e, ap?s tratamento espec?fico, injetado no CLAE. Foi estabelecido um protocolo de cultivo para Leptohyptis macrostachys a partir de sementes em meio MS ? suplementado com 1,5% de sacarose e 11,55?M de GA3; n?o houve forma??o significativa de calos nos tratamentos aplicados e a concentra??o da podofilotoxina foi favorecida quando L. macrostachys foi cultivada em meio MS ? suplementado com 1,5% de sacarose, fechada com filme de PVC e mantida em sala de crescimento a 30?C.
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Venables, Katie. "People's experiences of 'personally important moments' following an Acquired Brain Injury (ABI), the meanings they attach to them and the influence they have on their post-ABI journey : a qualitative study." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2017. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/67868/.
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This research portfolio aimed to increase understanding of the needs of people with Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) and their caregivers and provide insight in to how they may be better supported. The aim was to systematically review current literature on providing caregivers with person-to-person information and education during post-stroke rehabilitation and the effect this has on their depressive symptoms. The second aim was to discover moments that people experience post-ABI that they consider to be ‘personally important’, to explore the subjective meaning attached to these moments and the influence on their post-injury journey. A systematic review was conducted using electronic databases and manual reference search. Alongside this review ten individuals with ABI were interviewed. Interviews were analysed using grounded theory and a theoretical model was developed. The systematic review yielded 12 studies appropriate for inclusion. Nine studies were rated as having good methodological quality, two were moderate and two were weak. Seven studies found that providing caregivers with education and information in post-stroke rehabilitation reduced their depressive symptoms. Five studies had no significant findings. From the qualitative research, three broad types of important moments were identified: Moments that contribute to a coherent sense of self, Moments of social interaction and Moments of disempowerment. The types of moments and the process of subjective meaning-making were associated with two types of influence on the lives of individuals: Ability to work with own reality and “What will be will be”. In conclusion, providing caregivers with person-to-person information and education during post-stroke rehabilitation may reduce their depressive symptoms. Findings are presented tentatively and further research is required. Conclusions from the qualitative research suggest people experience important moments, following ABI, that increase awareness of the post-injury self. Subjective appraisal of important moments impacts on a person’s sense of continued self and influences broader adjustment narratives.
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Gertler, Paul. "Psychological treatments for depression following brain injury." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/22018.
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases risk of depression which is distressing and can be a barrier to recovery. This program of research examined non-pharmacological interventions for people with depression following TBI. A Cochrane systematic review was conducted in order to identify studies of interventions (Gertler, Tate, & Cameron, 2015; Chapter 2, section 1). Cochrane reviews are the most stringent form of systematic review of evidence relating to treatment outcomes. The review identified six studies, three studies relating to cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) which were combined in a meta-analysis that showed a very small effect in favour of treatment versus control, with a wide confidence interval. Other treatment studies were evaluated but either did not favour any treatment or were low quality studies. Recent studies have reported positive findings for CBT extended by booster sessions or for acceptance and commitment therapy (Chapter 2, section 2). Chapter 3 (Gertler & Cameron, 2018) is a published journal article explaining data analytic techniques used in a Cochrane review. Chapter 4 describes a psychometric evaluation of single-item mood scales (SIMS; Gertler & Tate, 2020) that can be used to demonstrate progress in treatment. SIMS are frequently used in clinical practice but had not yet been shown to be valid when used with people with brain impairment. SIMS were demonstrated to have construct and criterion validity when applied to TBI. Chapter 5 (Gertler and Tate, 2019) is a published journal article describing a single case experimental design (SCED) trial of behavioural activation (BA) to improve participation and mood. BA was chosen because it had not been evaluated for people with TBI and was thought to be more suitable than treatments such as CBT that require abstract thinking. The authors did not find evidence in favour of BA and this was discussed in the context of recent research findings that suggested that new technologies could improve the quality of measurement and interventions. In conclusion, there is more research to do in order to improve the effectiveness of interventions for depression after TBI however, using SIMS as a measure and SCED methodology, the thesis demonstrates a model for investigating untested interventions and their active components.
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Soyer, Alain Elie. "Ali imam et calife." Bordeaux 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR30046.
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Ali ibn talib le gendre et le cousin de muhammad le prophete de l'islam ; fut le quatrieme calife de l'islam. Il fait son entree dans la vie publique de la communaute des les premiers episodes de l'hegire. Il etait l'homme de beaucoup le plus digne de la confiance de muhammad, et le confident de ses pensees les plus intimes. Ali est une personnalite universellement reconnue. On peut meme dire qu'aucune autre n'a fait l'objet de tant de discussion et de debats. Il fut source d'inspiration et d'enseignement pour beaucoup de mouvements revolutionnaires, politiques, spirituels et philosophiques. Il vivait dans un monde completement morcele et fragmentaire. Il a demande aux musulmans de vivre et de cooperer autrement ; qu'ils observent le monde sans projeter leurs convictions personnelles, leurs sentiments claniques, afin d'observer clairement. Dans cette these, nous avons essaye d'etudier la personne de ali, qui, au moins pendant une periode importante de sa vie fut profondement, sincerement religieux (imam) mais aussi homme politique (calife). Ce n'etait pas la deux plans separes, mais deux aspects d'une personnalite globale, aspects qui ne peuvent se distinguer que par l'analyse.
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McShea, Molly A. "Evidence of an interaction between the actin cytoskeletal regulators MIG-10 and ABI-1." Digital WPI, 2011. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/983.
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"Cell and process migration are critical to the establishment of neural circuitry. The study of these processes is facilitated through use of model organisms with simple nervous systems, such as C. elegans. Research in this nematode has defined the cytoplasmic adaptor MIG-10 as a key regulator of these processes. Mutation of mig-10 disrupts neuronal and axonal migration and outgrowth of the ‘canals’, or processes, of the excretory cell. MIG-10 directs the localization of UNC-34, which remodels actin filaments at the leading edge of a migrating cell or process to modify the direction or rate of its protrusion. An interactor of MIG-10 identified in a yeast two- hybrid analysis, ABI-1, has several roles in actin remodeling, such as targeting Ena/VASP members for phosphorylation by Abl kinase. Mutation of abi-1 in the nematode produces phenotypes that resemble those of mig-10 mutants, including disrupted outgrowth of the excretory canals, a developmental process in which ABI-1 is known to function cell autonomously. To test the hypothesis that the ABI-1/MIG-10 interaction contributes to cell migration and outgrowth, both in vivo and in vitro analyses were performed. Expression of either MIG-10A or MIG-10B exclusively in the excretory cell partially rescued the canal truncation characteristic of mig-10 mutants, suggesting MIG-10 functions autonomously in this cell during canal outgrowth. Physical interaction between MIG-10 and ABI-1 was confirmed using a co-immunoprecipitation system. Both MIG-10A and MIG-10B interact with ABI-1 through a mechanism that likely involves the SH3 domain of ABI-1 and sites in either the central region or C-terminus of MIG-10. These results suggest that MIG-10 and ABI-1 function together in a cell autonomous manner to promote cell or process migration. A possible consequence of this interaction is modulation of the MIG-10 binding to UNC-34 through Abl-mediated phosphorylation of MIG-10."
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Sena, Eliza Maiara Nogueira De. "Vulnerabilidade de acessos de sementes de Erythrina velutina Willd. (Fabaceae) a estresses abi?ticos." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2017. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/567.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
The stress situation in Caatinga is aggravated by climate changes, from which are predicted higher temperatures; water scarcity and higher soil salinization. Studies evaluating differences in seeds tolerance to abiotic stress among samples or genotypes of the same species can constitute physiologic tools and significant and complementary information for the selection of the most adapted group to environmental pressures. This work aimed to compare the seed vulnerability of different samples of Erythrina velutina (Fabaceae) to abiotic stress; evaluate que physiologic quality of seeds and determine the tolerance limits to saline, hydric and thermic stress. The assays were conducted at EMBRAPA semiarido Seeds laboratory and at the Germination laboratory of State University of Feira de Santana. In addition, the assays were entirely randomly mounted, four repetitions of 10 seeds for the vigor test and 50 seeds for the stress test. In the initial vigor, the seeds of all samples showed 100% of radicle emission at the first count. The seeds samples were affected by the addition of sodium chloride in the solution, exhibiting critical limit at 36dSm-1 for some samples. The radicular protrusion was affected with the decrease of the osmotic potential of the solution, which was caused by PEG 6000, limiting the germination in -0,9 MPa. The seed germination of E. velutina occurs at broad limits of temperature, from 5 to 40?C. Generally, the stress imposed by sodium chloride and PEG did not compromise the viability of the seed germinal power as the seeds of the samples showed high rate of germination when the ideal conditions were reestablished, excepting Cai?ara 2011. The great temperature of E. velutina germination occurs between 25 to 30?C.
A situa??o de estresse na caatinga tende a se agravar pelas mudan?as no clima onde se prev? maiores temperaturas, escassez de ?gua e maior saliniza??o do solo. Estudos que avaliem as diferen?as de toler?ncia de sementes aos estresses abi?ticos entre acessos ou gen?tipos da mesma esp?cie podem constituir ferramentas fisiol?gicas importantes e complementares para a sele??o de grupos de plantas mais adaptadas ?s press?es ambientais. Esse trabalho teve como objetivos comparar a vulnerabilidade de sementes de diferentes acessos de Erythrina velutina (Fabaceae) ? estresses abi?ticos; avaliar a qualidade fisiol?gica das sementes; e determinar os limites de toler?ncia aos estresses salino, h?drico e t?rmico. Os ensaios foram conduzidos nos laborat?rios de sementes da Embrapa Semi?rido (Petrolina-PE) e no de Germina??o da UEFS (Feira de Santana ?BA). Os ensaios foram montados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, quatro repeti??es de 10 sementes para o teste de vigor e de 50 sementes para os estresses. Em rela??o ao vigor inicial as sementes de todos os acessos apresentaram 100% de emiss?o de rad?cula na primeira contagem. As sementes dos acessos foram afetadas pela adi??o de cloreto de s?dio na solu??o apresentando limite cr?tico de germina??o aos 36 dS.m-1 para alguns. A protrus?o radicular foi afetada tamb?m com a diminui??o do potencial osm?tico da solu??o causada pelo PEG 6000 tendo limite de germina??o em -0,9 MPa. A germina??o de sementes de E. velutina ocorreu sob amplo limites de temperatura, 5 a 40 ?C. De modo geral os estresses impostos pelo cloreto de s?dio e PEG n?o comprometeram a viabilidade do poder germinativo, visto que as sementes dos acessos apresentaram alta porcentagem de germina??o quando as condi??es ideais foram reestabelecidas, exceto as de Cai?ara 2011. A temperatura ?tima de germina??o de E. velutina ocorreu na faixa de 25 a 30 ?C.
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Inge, Steinhoff. "Caregiving of adults with acquired brain injury (ABI) a case study of mothers' perspectives." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2986.
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Calhoun, Christopher Stephen. "ABI and Beyond: Exploration of the Precursors to Trust in the Human-Automation Domain." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1519815952572621.
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Hilloowala, Franak. "An analysis of Ibn Abi Usaybi`ah's `Uyun al-anba' fi tabaqat al-atibba'." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289096.
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This dissertation is a partial translation of the thirteenth-century Islamic physician, Ibn Abi Usaybi'ah's biographical dictionary, the 'Uyun al-anba' fi tabaqat al-atibba' ( Sources of Information on Classes of Physicians) and an historical analysis of the 'Uyun. The 'Uyun is a biographical dictionary which encompasses the biographies of physicians from the ancient Greek period through the author's time, the thirteenth century. It contains the lives and works of the most elite physicians of these periods. The translation portion of the dissertation is of the fourteenth chapter of the 'Uyun which is the chapter on physicians of Egypt from the 'Abbasid period to the early Mamluk period. The historical analysis of this dissertation is an examination of the contents of the 'Uyun to see what it reveals about the status of physicians during this period and about the author's intentions in writing this book. Since the author was from Syria and studied in both Syria and Egypt, I have based my analysis mainly on the translation of the chapter on Egypt and also on evidence found in the fifteenth chapter on Syria. Thus, this dissertation serves to give modern scholars incite into the mentality of the author and his class during this time period in the Islamic world.
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LOBATO, Fábio Manoel França. "Abordagem probabilística para caracterização do sistema de marcação de sequenciamento multiplex na plataforma ABI SOLID." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/2829.
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CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Os sequenciadores de nova geração como as plataformas Illumina e SOLiD geram uma grande quantidade de dados, comumente, acima de 10 Gigabytes de arquivos-texto. Particularmente, a plataforma SOLiD permite o sequenciamento de múltiplas amostras em uma única corrida (denominada de corrida multiplex) por meio de um sistema de marcação chamado Barcode. Esta funcionalidade requer um processo computacional para separação dos dados por amostra, pois, o sequenciador fornece a mistura de todas amostras em uma única saída. Este processo deve ser seguro a fim de evitar eventuais embaralhamentos que possam prejudicar as análises posteriores. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho propõe desenvolvimento de um modelo probabilístico capaz de caracterizar sistema de marcação utilizado em sequenciamentos multiplex. Os resultados obtidos corroboraram a suficiência do modelo obtido, o qual permite, dentre outras coisas, identificar faltas em algum passo do processo de sequenciamento; adaptar e desenvolver de novos protocolos para preparação de amostras, além de atribuir um Grau de Confiança aos dados gerados e guiar um processo de filtragem que respeite as características de cada sequenciamento, não descartando sequências úteis de forma arbitrária.
The next generation sequencers such as Illumina and SOLiD platforms generate a large amount of data, commonly above 10 Gigabytes of text files. Particularly, the SOLiD platform allows the sequencing of multiple samples in a single run (called multiplex run) through a marking system called Barcode. This feature requires a computational process for separation of data per sample, therefore, the sequencer provides a mixture of all samples in a single output. This process must be secure to avoid any harm that may scramble further analysis. In this context, this dissertation proposes development of a probabilistic model capable of characterizing the marking system used in multiplex sequencing. The results corroborate the adequacy of the model obtained, which allows, among other things, identify faults in some step in the sequencing process, adapt and develop new protocols for sample preparation, and assign a grade to the reliability of data generated and guide a filtering process that respects the characteristics of each sequence, without discarding sequences useful in an arbitrary manner.
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Wilshere-Cumming, Lisa. "Mind Your Ethics: Reflecting on Representation and Best-Practice in Reporting Acquired Brain Injury (ABI)." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366862.
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Whoever listens, from the relative refuge of health, to the ill or traumatized speaker holds a profound responsibility not to exploit, not to expropriate, not to use the other for one’s own ends — Charon (2006, p. 233) These words from Charon capture the ethical impulse that drives this thesis, and underpin the need for accurate journalistic representations of Acquired Brain Injury (ABI). The original contribution to knowledge is a survey of the literature revealed a gap in research surrounding the ABI media praxis where informed, dedicated action, a commitment of respect to human well-being, and the quest for truth should exist. Only work on mental health such as Segall (2000), Tartakovsky (2009) and Wahl (1995, 2004) prevailed. A rare few (e.g., Ono et al., 2011) seemed to be listening from a ‘relative refuge of health’, ‘to the ill, or traumatized speaker’, to the voices of people with ABI and their right to be presented properly. New and urgent work needed to be done on how to do that and to fill in the spaces. In doing this crucial work by offering an exegesis with a creative contribution with a concept app called ‘Mind Your Ethics’ – framed by a journalist for journalists – there may now be a fresher way to assist media practices in ABI reporting. In fact, there is a dire need to do this, to engage with ABI and media research and produce more practice-led tools to improve on it.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Humanities, Language and Social Science
Arts, Education and Law
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Jensen, Alas Gabriel. "Detektion av ciprofloxacin-resistens hos Neisseria gonorrhoeae med PCR." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-18755.
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) har successivt utvecklat resistens mot många antimikrobiella medel och betraktas som ett av de tre reella hoten bland antibiotikaresistenta bakterier. Ciprofloxacin är ett bredspektrum-antibiotikum tillhörande gruppen kinoloner som, förutom att behandla urinvägsinfektioner, används mot NG och infektioner i mage och tarm. Dock har det rapporterats att ca 30 % av NG-isolat som samlats in genom gonokock-isolatövervakningsprojekt (GISP) under 2017 var resistenta mot ciprofloxacin. På molekylnivå är resistens mot ciprofloxacin starkt associerad med en enda mutation i kodon 91 i gyras-genen (gyrA). Detta projekt har undersökt om det går att använda molekylärbiologiska metoder för att detektera NG-isolat med gyrA mutationen. Analysen gjordes med två olika PCR-system, ”7500 Fast Real-Time PCR System” från Applied Biosystems (ABI) och Panther Fusion från Hologic. Proberna som användes designades för påvisning av vildtyp gyrA (ciprofloxacin-känslig) och mutant gyrA (ciprofloxacin-resistent) hos NG. I projektet analyserades 50 NG-positiva prov (analyserade med screeningtest APTIMA COMBO2 från Hologic), från 43 patienter som provtagits under januari-februari 2020 i Region Skåne. Några patienter testades flera gånger vid olika tillfällen. NG-odling hade utförts parallellt från motsvarande tagna prov från patienterna. ABI-metoden påvisade genen hos 90 % (45/50) av NG-positiva prover (APTIMA COMBO2) medan endast 24 av de 49 proven (49 %) kunde odlas med traditionell metodik för att därefter resistensbestämmas. Av de 45 prov där gyras-genen kunde detekteras med ABI-metoden, uppvisade 28 (62 %) av proven en muterad gen och därmed en potentiell resistens för ciprofloxacin. Panther Fusion-metoden påvisade genen hos 80 % (40/50) av NG-positiva prover (APTIMA COMBO2), och såsom tidigare nämnts, kunde endast 24 av de 49 proven (49 %) odlas med traditionell metodik för att därefter resistensbestämmas. Av de 40 prov där gyras-genen kunde detekteras med Panther Fusion-metoden, uppvisade 26 av proven (65 %) en muterad gen och därmed en potentiell resistens för ciprofloxacin. En jämförelse mellan resultaten från PCR-metoderna och odlingarna visar att av de 24 odlingarna som kunde resistensbestämmas fick ABI-metoden resultat för 23 och Panther Fusion för 22. PCR-metodernas resultat överensstämde perfekt med resultaten från odling med samma 8 känsliga och 15 respektive 14 resistenta NG-isolat som odling. De båda PCR-metoderna och traditionell odling uppvisade jämförbara resultat. Av de 24 prov som kunde odlas och därmed resistensbestämmas, detekterades med ABI-metoden gyras-genen i 23 av dessa prov och i 22 av proven med Panther Fusion-metoden. Resistens mot ciprofloxacin uppvisades genom odling i 16 av de 24 odlingsbara prov, och av dessa 24 odlingsbara prov uppvisade ABI-metoden en muterad gen i 15 av proven och Panther Fusion-metoden en muterad gen i 14 av proven. Traditionell odling kunde bara genomföras på 24 av proven och PCR-metoderna identifierade signifikant fler prov innehållande vildtyp eller muterad gyras-gen, 45 respektive 40 prov. Projektet visade tydligt att PCR-metoderna kan identifiera fler prov än genom traditionell odling och kan därmed upptäcka fler prov med förväntad ciprofloxacin-resistens än vad som kan bestämmas genom traditionell odling.Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) has been developing a resistance towards several different antibiotics and is viewed as one of the three real threats among resistant bacteria. Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum-antibiotic belonging to the group quinolone antibiotics which, in addition to being used to treat urinal infections, is used to treat NG and infections in the stomach and intestines. However, it has been reported that 30 % of NG-isolates that have been gathered through the Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project (GISP) throughout 2017 were resistant to ciprofloxacin. On a molecular level, resistance to ciprofloxacin is strongly associated with a single mutation in kodon 91 in the gyras-gene (gyrA). This project sought to examine if it is possible to use methods from molecular biology to detect which NG that have the gyrA-mutation. The test was done using two different PCR-systems, ”7500 Fast Real-Time PCR System” from Applied Biosystems (ABI) and Panther Fusion from Hologic. The probes used were designed to show wild type gyrA (ciprofloxacin sensitive), and mutated gyrA (ciprofloxacin resistant) in NG. In this project 50 NG-positive samples (analysed with screentest APTIMA COMBO2 from Hologic), from 43 patients that had been tested during January-February 2020 in Region Skåne, were analysed. Some patients were tested several times, within the time period. NG-cultivation had been done in parallel from corresponding samples taken from the patients. The ABI-method showed the gene in 90 % (45/50) of NG-positive samples (APTIMA COMBO2) while only 24 of the 49 samples (49 %) could be cultivated by traditional methodology, and then tested for resistance. Of the 45 samples where the gyras-gene could be detected with the ABI-method, 28 samples (62 %) exhibited a mutated gene and thus a potential resistance to ciprofloxacin. The Panther fusion-method showed the gene in 80 % (40/50) of NG-positive samples (APTIMA COMBO2), and as mentioned earlier, only 24 of the 49 samples (49 %) could be cultivated by traditional methodology to then be tested for resistance. Of the 40 samples where the gyras-gene could be detected with the Panther Fusion-method, 26 samples (65 %) exhibited a mutated gene and thus a potential resistance to ciprofloxacin. The two PCR-methods and traditional cultivation exhibited comparable results. Of the 24 samples that could be cultivated and thus tested for resistance, the ABI-method detected the gyras-gene in 23 of these samples and the Panther Fusion-method detected the gene in 22 of the samples. Cultivation exhibited resistance to ciprofloxacin in 16 of the 24 samples that could be cultivated, and of these 24 cultivatable samples the ABI method exhibited a mutated gene in 15 of the samples and the Panther Fusion-method exhibited a mutated gene in 14 of the samples. Traditional cultivation could only be done on 24 of the samples and the PCR-methods could identify significantly more samples containing either wild type or mutated gyras-gene, 45 and 40 samples, respectively. The project clearly showed that more samples can be identified with the PCR-methods than through traditional cultivation, and thereby discover more samples with expected ciprofloxacin-resistance, than can be determined through traditional cultivation.
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Abd, Al-Rahman D. S. "A critical edition of Kitab Sharaf Al-Mustafa by Abu Sa'd Abd al-Malik b. Abi Uthman b. Muhammad al-Kharkushi : Died 407 A.H./1016 A.D." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374921.
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Guercio, John M. "Assessing the prevalence of and treatment for problem gambling in participants with acquired brain injury (ABI) /." Available to subscribers only, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1342733001&sid=7&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Patman, Shane Michael. "The effect of physiotherapy on the prevention and treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia for intensive care patients with acquired brain injury." Thesis, Curtin University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/230.
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Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality for patients in an intensive care unit. Once present, ventilator-associated pneumonia is known to increase the duration of mechanical ventilation, time in the intensive care unit, and length of hospital stay. Patients with acquired brain injury are commonly admitted to the intensive care unit and considered to be at a high risk for the development of respiratory complications such as ventilator-associated pneumonia, which could potentially impact on the intensive care unit costs and outcomes. Respiratory physiotherapy is often provided to prevent and/or treat ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with acquired brain injury. The theoretical rationale of the respiratory physiotherapy is to improve airway clearance and enhance ventilation which may reduce the incidence of pulmonary infections and thus ventilator-associated pneumonia, and may in turn decrease the duration of mechanical ventilation, prevent the need for tracheostomy and hence result in reduced costs and shorter hospital stay. Although respiratory physiotherapy may be beneficial in reversing or preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia, to date there are no data concerning the effectiveness of respiratory physiotherapy in patients with acquired brain injury. Hence from an evidence-based perspective, at present there is no justification for the role of respiratory physiotherapy in the management of patients with acquired brain injury in the intensive care unit. Aim: This two-part, prospective randomised controlled trial aimed to investigate the effect of regular prophylactic respiratory physiotherapy on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, duration of mechanical ventilation, and length of intensive care unit stay in adults with acquired brain injury, as compared to a control group (Part A).The second part of the study (Part B) randomised those subjects from Part A who developed a ventilatorassociated pneumonia into a treatment or control group to establish if the provision of a regimen of regular respiratory physiotherapy influenced the outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Additionally, this study also aimed to provide the first description of the financial costs of respiratory physiotherapy time in providing interventions to patients with acquired brain injury in the intensive care unit and investigated the cost effectiveness of respiratory physiotherapy interventions in decreasing the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, duration of mechanical ventilation and length of intensive care unit stay. Subjects: 144 adult patients with acquired brain injury admitted with a Glasgow Coma Scale of nine or less, requiring intracranial pressure monitoring, and invasive ventilatory support for greater than 24 hours, were randomised to a treatment group or a control group. Methods: For subjects randomised to the treatment groups, the regimen of respiratory physiotherapy treatment was repeated six times per 24-hour period and continued until the subject was weaned from mechanical ventilatory support. Each respiratory physiotherapy intervention of 30 minute duration comprised a regimen of positioning, manual hyperinflation and suctioning. In both Parts A and B, the control group received standard nursing and medical care but no respiratory physiotherapy interventions. Results: Consent was obtained for 144 subjects, with 72 randomised for treatment in Part A. Part A groups were comparable with respect to demographic variables, with the exception of body mass index and gender distribution.Using intention to treat philosophy, there were no significant differences for incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia [Treatment Group 14/72 (19.4%) vs. Control 19/72 (26.4%); p = 0.32], duration of mechanical ventilation (hr) [172.8 vs. 206.3); p = 0.18], or length of intensive care unit stay (hr) [224.2 vs. 256.4; p = 0.22]. For subjects with acquired brain injury receiving this prophylactic regimen of respiratory physiotherapy in the intensive care unit, in an attempt to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia, the cost of physiotherapy was $487 per subject. Comparatively the intensive care unit mechanical ventilation bed day cost was $33,380 per subject. The cost of Part A respiratory physiotherapy time for Treatment Group 1 was 1.7 per cent of the cost of subject's intensive care unit mechanical ventilation bed days. Thirty-three subjects (22.9%) from Part A developed ventilator-associated pneumonia, and were transferred to Part B and re-randomised, 17 to the Treatment Group 3. Part B groups were comparable with respect to demographic variables. No significant differences were detected in the dependent variables for Part B of the study, with similar duration of mechanical ventilation (hr) [342.0 vs. 351.0); p = 0. 89], and length of ICU stay (hr) [384.7 vs. 397.9; p = 0.84] noted. In those subjects with acquired brain injury in whom ventilator-associated pneumonia developed, the regimen of respiratory physiotherapy for the remaining duration of mechanical ventilation following diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia costed an average of $788. Comparatively the intensive care unit bed day cost for the period of mechanical ventilation was $43,865. The cost of Part B respiratory physiotherapy time for Treatment Group 3 was 1.8 per cent of the cost of their intensive care unit mechanical ventilation bed days.Subjects with a ventilator-associated pneumonia were significantly younger, were admitted with a lower Glasgow coma scale, and more likely to have been admitted with a chest injury than subjects without a ventilator-associated pneumonia. Duration of mechanical ventilation and length of intensive care unit stay were significantly increased in subjects with ventilatorassociated pneumonia, but length of hospital stay was not significantly different. Significant differences in the costs of respiratory physiotherapy and intensive care unit mechanical ventilation bed day costs were evident between those subjects with ventilator-associated pneumonia as compared to those without ventilator-associated pneumonia. For subjects with ventilator-associated pneumonia, the respiratory physiotherapy time cost was $1,029 per subject, compared to $510 for subjects without ventilator-associated pneumonia. The intensive care unit mechanical ventilation bed day cost for subjects with ventilator-associated pneumonia was $61,092 per subject, and $25,142 for those without a ventilator-associated pneumonia, giving an incremental health cost of $35,950 per episode of ventilatorassociated pneumonia. No significant differences were evident in the cost of respiratory physiotherapy as a per cent of the cost of their intensive care unit mechanical ventilation bed days, with findings of 1.4 per cent in those with ventilator-associated pneumonia and 1.1 per cent in those without ventilator-associated pneumonia.Conclusion: Use of a regular prophylactic respiratory physiotherapy regimen comprising of positioning, manual hyperinflation and suctioning, in addition to routine medical and nursing care, did not appear to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia, reduce length of ventilation or intensive care unit stay in adults with acquired brain injury. Furthermore, in those acquired brain injury subjects with ventilator-associated pneumonia, regular respiratory physiotherapy did not appear to expedite recovery in terms of reducing length of ventilation or intensive care unit stay. It can be concluded from the findings of this study that the presence of ventilator-associated pneumonia has a significant influence on morbidity and costs in subjects with acquired brain injury. Whilst statistically significant results were not found with clinical variables, it is suggested that the provision of a prophylactic respiratory physiotherapy regimen costing $487 per subject is a worthwhile investment in attempts to avoid the incremental health cost of $35,950 per episode of ventilator-associated pneumonia. In subjects with ventilator-associated pneumonia it is concluded that the cost of respiratory physiotherapy would not appear to be justified in attempts to reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation.
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Flaherty, Erin. "Cytoplasmic Adaptor Protein MIG-10 Interacts With Abelson Target ABI-1 During Neuronal Migration In C. Elegans." Digital WPI, 2014. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/619.
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Cellular migration is an essential process for establishing neural connections during development. The MIG-10/RIAM/Lamellipodin signaling proteins are thought to send positional information from guidance cues to actin polymerization machinery, promoting the polarized outgrowth of axons. In C. elegans, mutations in the gene mig-10 result in the truncation of the migration of the mechanosensory neurons. Biochemical analysis demonstrates that MIG-10 interacts with abelson-interactor protein 1 (ABI-1), and therefore investigation into whether these proteins work together in the neuron to promote migration was completed. To demonstrate MIG-10 cell autonomy in the neuron, transgenic strains with specific expression of mig-10 were created. mig-10 mutants were rescued in the mechanosensory, anterior lateral microtubule neuron (ALM) by neuron specific expression of mig-10 but not by epithelial expression, suggesting that MIG-10 is acting cell autonomously. To determine ABI-1 cell autonomy, transgenic strains with specific neuronal expression of abi-1 were compared to the wild type strain. abi-1 mutants were rescued by neuron specific expression of abi-1 in the ALM, suggesting that ABI-1 also functions cell autonomously in the ALM during this migration. Further investigation into the MIG-10/ABI-1 relationship was done by feeding RNAi of abi-1 in a mig-10(ct41) mutant strain. The ALM migration was not more severely truncated in the double mutant, suggesting that MIG-10 and ABI-1 work in the same pathway. Taken together, this evidence supports a model where MIG-10 and ABI-1 work together autonomously within the ALM to promote migration.
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Lee, Jonathan Leonard. "The New Year's festivals and the shrine of Ali Ibn Abi Talib Sy Mazar-I-Sharif, Afghanistan." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1999. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/549/.
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This study examines the customs and origins of three spring festivals at the shrine of 'Ali b. Abi Talib, Mazar-i Sharif, Afghanistan; namely Nauroz, Janda Bala and Gul-i Surkh. Since these festivals are not part of the Islamic religious calendar, we seek to locate their origins in the pre-Islamic religions of Iran and record the contemporary traditions of these festivals. Since the festivals are assimilated to a shrine dedicated to the fourth Caliph of Sunni Islam, we examine the processes which gave rise to this juxtaposition and how it came about that this shrine came to be considered a rival to Najaf. The Sa1juq and Timurid discovery narratives are examined (Chapters 1-2) in their wider religious and cultural context, followed by an examination of Afghan folklore related to Nauroz and the pre-Islamic religious traditions of Bactria (Chapters 3-4). We conclude that an important impetus for the founding of this shrine is the fact that, until the arrival of Islam, Bactra had been the paramount pilgrimage and cult centre of the region. Over the millennia, whilst the dominant religious tradition had changed, Bactra adapted to such ideological fluctuations in order to maintain its dominance of the. lucrative pilgrimage traffic. Marginalised by Islam, whose heroes and foci of pilgrimage lay in the Arab world, the alleged discovery of the body of Hazrat 'Ali at the site, provided an acceptable Islamic framework for the revival, or continuation, of indigenous Bactrian New Year customs. Our examination of Gul-i Surkh, or 'Red Rose', festival (chapters 5-6) finds a parallel in the Annenian Vardavar festival. Originally this festival appears to have been derived from a blending of Iranian and Babylonian religion in Bactria, namely the cults of Anahita, Adonistrammuz and custoins associated with the Iranian hero, Siyawush. Janda Bala (Chapter 7), on the other hand, appears to be rooted in ancient Vedic and Shamanistic tradition. All three festivals, though, we argue, also represent different aspects of ancient Indo-Aryan and Babylonian fertility rites connected with the spring and vernal equinox.
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Santos, Sara Caroline Pinto de Almeida. "Altera??es morfofisiol?gicas e moleculares em resposta a estresses abi?ticos em mamona (Ricinus communis L.)." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/19510.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
A queima de combust?veis f?sseis destaca-se dentre as atividades humanas como a principal respons?vel pelo aumento de gases poluentes na atmosfera que provocam mudan?as clim?ticas. Diante deste cen?rio, t?m se buscado alternativas menos poluentes e danosas que os combust?veis f?sseis. Muito recurso tem sido investido em pesquisas que visem o conhecimento e produ??o de esp?cies de plantas oleaginosas que possam substituir parte do diesel mineral pelo biodiesel. Dentre estas plantas est? a mamona (Ricinus communis L.), uma planta oleaginosa pertencente ? fam?lia Euphorbiaceae, considerada r?stica e que n?o exige grande disponibilidade de ?gua para seu desenvolvimento e produ??o. Por possuir um ?leo rico em um ?cido graxo incomum (?cido ricinol?ico), tem sido apontada como uma oleaginosa com grande potencial para o cultivo em regi?es semi?ridas, como o Nordeste do Brasil. Esta regi?o ? caracterizada pelos longos per?odos de seca com baixa precipita??o pluviom?trica, al?m de solos salinos. Considerando isto, este trabalho teve como objetivo contribuir para a compreens?o das respostas das plantas de mamona a estresses abi?ticos (h?drico e salino) por meio de an?lises morfofisiol?gicas e moleculares. Para isso, as plantas de mamona foram submetidas a condi??es de estresse salino (50, 100, 150 e 200 mM de NaCl) em ambiente controlado e estresse h?drico (5, 10, 15 dias e 10 dias c?clico). Ap?s os tratamentos, as plantas foram sujeitas a diferentes an?lises quanto ao efeito dos estresses: a) na expans?o e reten??o de ?gua nas folhas; b) no teor de clorofilas; c) nas enzimas do sistema antioxidante (SOD, CAT, APX e POX) em folhas, ra?zes e sementes; d) na anatomia foliar e de ra?zes; e) no teor de ?leo em sementes; f) na express?o diferencial de genes atrav?s de biblioteca subtrativa de cDNA para estresse h?drico em sementes. Diante dos resultados obtidos, verificamos que a mamona sofreu altera??es na atividade de enzimas antioxidantes, com respostas dependendo do n?vel de estresse e tecido-dependente. Nas atividades de SOD e APX em folha foi observada uma diminui??o aos 5 e 10 dias de estresse h?drico, entretanto, em raiz houve um aumento da atividade de SOD aos 10 e 15 dias de estresse e de APX ao 5 e 10 dias. Em semente houve uma diminui??o da atividade de SOD no maior per?odo de estresse. As atividades de CAT e POX em folha apresentaram um aumento aos 10 dias de estresse, o que tamb?m foi observado na atividade de POX em raiz. Altera??es nas estruturas do sistema vascular tamb?m foram observadas, no entanto, inferimos que a mamona pode resistir ao estresse h?drico moderado (5 dias) e ao estresse salino at? 100 mM de NaCl, evitando a perda de ?gua, mantendo o turgor celular. O teor do ?leo n?o sofreu altera??es com o d?ficit h?drico. Os resultados das bibliotecas subtrativas para estresse indicam que existe um aumento na express?o de genes em sementes relacionados ? defesa da planta contra as condi??es de estresse (por exemplo, Dehidrina), assim como, na matura??o e desenvolvimento do embri?o. Os dados obtidos neste trabalho auxiliaram na compreens?o do comportamento da mamona em condi??es de estresse abi?tico, h?drico e salino, assim como, na recupera??o h?drica da planta ap?s a retomada das regas.
The use of fossil fuels has been considered one of reason for the increase of pollution in the atmosphere and it may be related to the climate changes. Then, the research of the new sources of fuels will be important. Considering this, the use of biodiesel has been considered not as bad as petrol. The castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is an important oilseed, which belongs to Euphorbiaceae family, and the oil found in the seed has important characteristics for biodiesel. This plant is considered as ?rustic? as it does not need so much water for its development and oil production. Due to this, this plant has been considered to be ideal in semi-arid regions, such as the Northeast of Brazil. The aim of his study is to better understand the responses to abiotic stresses (drought and salinity) from castor bean plants using morphological, physiological and molecular tools. In order to do this, the castor bean plants were subjected to salt stress (50, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl) in a controlled environment and drought stress (5, 10, 15 days and 10 days cyclic). After these treatments, these plants were subjected to different analyzes: a) the expansion and retention of water from leaves; b) anatomy using leaves and roots. Based on these results, we found that castor suffered decrease in leaf area with increase drought stress, however restricted water loss, probably by accumulation of compatible solutes in the leaves. The anatomy data showed modifications in the vascular system. These modifications observed suggested that castor bean plant may be resistant to stress as it was verified in 5 days of drought as well as in 100 mM NaCl. In both conditions, these plants were fine. Probably these plants keep some solutes in the cell and then maintain the cell tugor. The data obtained in this study gave a better idea how castor bean plant responds to abiotic stress conditions - drought and salt stress
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Franco, Jeanne Raquel de Andrade. "Intera??es intraespec?ficas de Rhizophora mangle L. e caracteriza??o abi?tica em ?rea de carcinicultura." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM CI?NCIAS FLORESTAIS, 2017. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23478.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
Manguezais s?o ecossistemas costeiros e estuarinos que pertencem a climas quentes e temperados ou tropicais ?midos, s?o dominados por esp?cies lenhosas, fornecem importantes bens e servi?os ecossist?micos e possuem valor socioecon?mico. Os manguezais s?o sens?veis a dist?rbios e est?o em constante processo de degrada??o devido ? carcinicultura e ao desenvolvimento urbano. Intera??es entre indiv?duos vegetais podem resultar em competi??o e facilita??o interferindo no crescimento, no padr?o de distribui??o e na sobreviv?ncia das plantas, al?m de modificar caracter?sticas f?sico-qu?micas do ambiente. Vari?veis abi?ticas e bi?ticas interagem permitindo an?lise da adapta??o das esp?cies em diferentes condi??es ambientais, podendo tamb?m inferir sobre a intensidade de degrada??o. O objetivo geral do estudo foi identificar os principais fatores limitantes no crescimento e na sobreviv?ncia de plantas de Rhizophora mangle L. (Rhizophoraceae) em dois ambientes dominados pela esp?cie e localizados em ?rea de carcinicultura, sendo um com presen?a de ?rvores e copa fechada, e outro aberto com plantas jovens e subarbustivas. Foram realizados dois monitoramentos com sele??o de parcelas e plantas em cada ambiente, totalizando 90 indiv?duos, para quantificar o crescimento ao longo do tempo atrav?s de medidas da altura, n?mero de ramos e di?metro a 30 cm do solo. Para as vari?veis abi?ticas foram feitas medidas da temperatura e pH do solo, luminosidade, salinidade, velocidade do vento, temperatura do ar e penetrabilidade do solo nas parcelas de cada ambiente aberto e fechado por 12 meses. Indiv?duos adultos de R. mangle foram competidores interferindo no crescimento de plantas jovens da mesma esp?cie atrav?s da limita??o de luz e do estresse advindo do ac?mulo de sedimentos. Em ambiente aberto, com plantas jovens apresentando mesma idade e distribu?das de forma agregada, ocorreu facilita??o com redu??o de condi??es estressantes devido ? maior incid?ncia de radia??o solar e temperatura desse ambiente, e tamb?m competi??o atrav?s de alta densidade de plantas. Devido a essas intera??es positivas e negativas agindo simultaneamente, o efeito final da densidade-depend?ncia no crescimento de plantas do ambiente aberto foi neutro. Al?m disso, temperaturas m?dias de 30?C, pH do solo com valores entre 5,5 e 6,5 e salinidade com cerca de 35 ppm foram fatores que beneficiaram o crescimento das plantas ao longo do tempo em ambiente aberto atrav?s da fotoss?ntese, de adapta??es fisiol?gicas e poss?vel melhor assimila??o de nutrientes do solo. Esses resultados ajudaram a entender as caracter?sticas ambientais que facilitam e interferem na recupera??o de ?reas degradadas pela carcinicultura.
Mangroves are ecosystems coastal and estuarine belonging to warm and temperate climates and wet tropics, mangroves are dominated by woody species, provide important ecosystem goods and services and have socioeconomic value. Mangroves are sensitive to disturbances and are constantly being degraded due to shrimp farming and to urban development. Interactions between plant individuals may result in competition and facilitation by interfering on the plant growth, pattern of distribution and plant survival, besides modifying physical-chemical characteristics of the environment. Abiotic and biotic variables interact allowing the analysis of the adaptation of the species in different environmental conditions and also about the intensity of degradation. The main objective of the study was to identify the main limiting factors on the growth and survival of Rhizophora mangle L. (Rhizophoraceae) plants in two environments dominated by this specie and located in the shrimp farming area, one with trees and closed canopy, and another open with young and sub-shrub plants. Two monitoring were carried out with selection of plots and plants in each environment, totaling 90 individuals, to quantify the growth over time by means of measures of height, number of branches and diameter at 30 cm. For the abiotic variables, measurements of soil temperature and pH, luminosity, salinity, wind velocity, air temperature and soil penetrability were taken in the plots of each open and closed environment for 12 months. Adult individuals of R. mangle were competitors interfering in the growth of young plants of the same species through the limitation of light and of the stress coming from the accumulation of sediments. In the open environment, with young plants presenting the same age and distributed in an aggregated way, facilitation occurred with reduction of stressful conditions due to the higher incidence of solar radiation and temperature of this environment, and also competition through high density of plants. Due to these positive and negative interactions acting simultaneously, the final effect of density dependence on plant growth of the open environment was neutral. However, mean temperatures of 30?C, soil pH values between 5.5 and 6.5 and salinity with about 35 ppm were factors that benefited the growth of the plants over time in open environment through photosynthesis, of physiological adaptations and possible better assimilation of soil nutrients. These results helped to understand the environmental characteristics that facilitate and interfere the recovery of areas degraded by shrimp farming.
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BENHSINE, NAIMA. "L'image de la femme dans le diwan de 'umar b. Abi rabi 'a : etude lexicale et semantique." Paris 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030125.
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'umar b. Abi rabi 'a est ne l'an 23 au hedjaz. Aristocrate mecquois, issu de la tribu des banu mahzum, il fut le plus illustre des poetes amoureux de son epoque. Il consacra tous ses poemes a l'exaltation de la femme. C'est egalement lui qui fut le premier a elaborer une poesie d'amour intitule (gazal). En fait, notre poete recourt souvent dans ses poemes a differents elements, pour chanter la beaute de la femme (physiquement et moralement). Son recueil frappe aussi par la diversite de son lexique, les mots derives des memes racines, la synonymie qui nuance avec aisance les valeurs d'un mot par rapport a l'autre" 'umar b. Abi rabi 'a" was born in year 23 in hedjaz. Aristocrat from mecca, descended from the "banu mahzum" tribe, he became the most famous poet "lover" of his time. He dedicated all his poems to the exaltation of the woman. He was also the first one to build up a poetry of love called (gazal). In any way, very often, our poet used in his poems various factors to celebrate the beauty of the woman ( physically and mentally ). His work hits also by the various ways of his language, the words coming out of the same roots, the synonymy giving easy touches of the values of a word in relation to another
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Bootes, Kylie. "Work After an Acquired Brain Injury (ABI): Identification of Cognitive Difficulties Using a Work Place Assessment Model." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9997.
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Many people are of working age when diagnosed with acquired brain injury (ABI) and desire to return to work and receive the quality-of-life benefits work provides. Residual cognitive and behavioural difficulties after ABI are two factors that may impact their success at work. Few studies have investigated how people post-ABI apply cognitive and behavioural strategies as they participate in complex work roles, routines, tasks, and social interaction. Limited information is available about how occupational therapists assess cognitive and behavioural strategy application of people post-ABI in the workplace. This research aimed to explore how people with ABI who returned to work applied cognitive strategies to their participation in work activities. The potential of one instrument, the Percieve, Recall, Plan and Perform (PRPP) System of Task Analysis (Chapparo & Ranka, 1997b), to contribute to future occupational therapy assessment of return to work after ABI, was examined using a multimethods approach. Findings of the initial phase in the research indicated occuptional therapists considered workplace assessements as pivotal in the assessment of the worker's ability to return to work against the demands of the job. Occupational therapists advised that a formalised tool utilising both observation and interview methodologies to gather cogntive and social aspects of work performance from the employer and employee with ABI was required. The PRPP System of Task Analysis (Chapparo & Ranka, 1997b) was identified as a potential assessment tool for use when assessing cognitive and behavioural ii strengths and weaknesses during work performance. It had previously been found to be reliable when used to assess people post-ABI performing activities of daily living and reported as useful in assisting people post-ABI to return to work, however no evaluation of its use in this area has previously occurred. Later phases of the research indicated the PRPP System of Task Analysis (Chapparo & Ranka, 1997b) to be reliable in assessing cognitive strategy use during observation of a person with ABI performing a single work task, but needed modifications to better suit job analysis. It was then transformed into the PRPP@WORK Questionnaire / Interview (Q/I), a semi-structured interview tool to match assessment methodologies used to conduct workplace assesments. The final phases of the research used a critical case study, followed by a group study to demonstrate the potential of the PRPP@WORK (Q/I) Stage Two interview to generate useful and specific information about a workers' capacity to process complex information during work tasks and social interaction in the workplace and changes in cognitive strategy use over time. A reliability study indicated excellent inter-rate and intra-rater reliability for all PRPP@WORK (Q/I) Stage Two sub-quadrants. This research has provided a preliminary study of a novel, reliable, observational and interview methodology for structured identification of cognitive strategy use by people with ABI that occurs within the workplace during real work performance.
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Gülap, Mustafa [Verfasser], and Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Dichgans. "Ankle brachial index (ABI) als Prognosefaktor für funktionelles und kognitives Outcome nach Schlaganfall / Mustafa Gülap. Betreuer: Martin Dichgans." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1098130707/34.
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Nakhjavani, Ammar. "Authority and leadership in early Islam : a historiographical study of the Caliphate of Mu' awiya b. Abi Sufyan." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.548620.
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Ferguson, Emma. "The experience of adjustment to relationship changes in men whose female partners have an acquired brain injury (ABI)." Thesis, University of East London, 2013. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3024/.
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Background: An ABI and its consequences affect not only the injured person, but also those in relationships with that person, particularly partners and other close relatives. Previous research suggests that an ABI may impact more negatively upon partners than other relatives, but little research has specifically explored the experiences of men. This study explored the experience of adjustment to relationship changes in men whose female partners have an ABI. In particular this study was interested in what changes in their relationship with their partner men have experienced, and how they have adjusted to these changes. Method: A qualitative approach was taken and eight men were interviewed. The data was analysed using thematic analysis from a critical realist epistemological perspective. Findings: Five themes were identified within the data: ‗Initial reactions to the brain injury‘, ―She‘s a lot the same, but she‘s not the same‖, ‗Relationship changing‘, ‗Responsibility and burden‘, and ‗Coping and support‘. Men had experienced wide-ranging and numerous changes in their relationships which impacted upon them emotionally and practically. ‗Just getting on with it‘ was a widely used way of coping, as well as drawing on different sources of support. However, there was an overall sense that men had been left to navigate a frightening and unknown territory without much support or guidance. Conclusions: This study adds to the current literature on the previously neglected and unheard experiences of men whose female partners have an ABI. Future research could explore different aspects of men‘s experiences utilising more in-depth qualitative methodologies. Couples‘ experiences could also be explored by interviewing couple dyads together. Several clinical and policy-level implications have been identified, including increasing ABI awareness, information provision, routine access to support for partners, further curiosity about men‘s support needs, and working systemically in brain injury services.
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Cheng, Theresa Sin Yee. "Exploring acquired brain injury (ABI) clients' experience of receiving cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) delivered by trainees : a qualitative study." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2014. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/714/.
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A recent systematic review suggests the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) with brain injury client groups has been inconclusive and limited (Cattelani, Zettin & Zoccolotti, 2010). Although CBT has beneficial results in many specific psychiatric disorders, the rates of positive outcomes for managing psychological difficulties in the acquired brain injury (ABI) client group are still not satisfactory. Mixed or negative results have been reported in the existing literature (Cattelani, Zettin & Zoccolotti, 2010). Indeed, recent literature has highlighted a need to further develop existing CBT approaches for clients with ABI (Wilson, 2011), to assist practitioners in overcoming potential challenges caused by the complexities faced in this field. This qualitative study explores ABI clients’ experiences of CBT to provide better understanding of what may produce a greater therapeutic alliance and positive outcome. Six participants with ABI were interviewed in a semi-structured format about their experiences of CBT. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was employed to develop an in-depth and coherent understanding of participants’ experiences. Three super-ordinate themes were identified namely, ‘Professional relationship’; ‘Understanding my struggles’; and ‘Acceptance’. Each super-ordinate theme was associated with three sub-themes. Findings of the present study highlight the essential elements for the effectiveness of CBT. These elements are the quality of the therapeutic relationship, the client’s willingness and readiness to engage in therapy, the adaptations needed in therapy to address the client’s limitations, and the need for a balanced focus between the behavioural and cognitive components employed in therapy. Furthermore, findings imply that process-based adaption is as important as technique-based adaption when delivering CBT to ABI clients, suggesting that the quality of therapeutic relationship and the process issues are both relevant to the therapeutic outcome.
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Patman, Shane Michael. "The effect of physiotherapy on the prevention and treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia for intensive care patients with acquired brain injury." Curtin University of Technology, School of Physiotherapy, 2005. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=16406.
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Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality for patients in an intensive care unit. Once present, ventilator-associated pneumonia is known to increase the duration of mechanical ventilation, time in the intensive care unit, and length of hospital stay. Patients with acquired brain injury are commonly admitted to the intensive care unit and considered to be at a high risk for the development of respiratory complications such as ventilator-associated pneumonia, which could potentially impact on the intensive care unit costs and outcomes. Respiratory physiotherapy is often provided to prevent and/or treat ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with acquired brain injury. The theoretical rationale of the respiratory physiotherapy is to improve airway clearance and enhance ventilation which may reduce the incidence of pulmonary infections and thus ventilator-associated pneumonia, and may in turn decrease the duration of mechanical ventilation, prevent the need for tracheostomy and hence result in reduced costs and shorter hospital stay. Although respiratory physiotherapy may be beneficial in reversing or preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia, to date there are no data concerning the effectiveness of respiratory physiotherapy in patients with acquired brain injury. Hence from an evidence-based perspective, at present there is no justification for the role of respiratory physiotherapy in the management of patients with acquired brain injury in the intensive care unit. Aim: This two-part, prospective randomised controlled trial aimed to investigate the effect of regular prophylactic respiratory physiotherapy on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, duration of mechanical ventilation, and length of intensive care unit stay in adults with acquired brain injury, as compared to a control group (Part A).The second part of the study (Part B) randomised those subjects from Part A who developed a ventilatorassociated pneumonia into a treatment or control group to establish if the provision of a regimen of regular respiratory physiotherapy influenced the outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Additionally, this study also aimed to provide the first description of the financial costs of respiratory physiotherapy time in providing interventions to patients with acquired brain injury in the intensive care unit and investigated the cost effectiveness of respiratory physiotherapy interventions in decreasing the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, duration of mechanical ventilation and length of intensive care unit stay. Subjects: 144 adult patients with acquired brain injury admitted with a Glasgow Coma Scale of nine or less, requiring intracranial pressure monitoring, and invasive ventilatory support for greater than 24 hours, were randomised to a treatment group or a control group. Methods: For subjects randomised to the treatment groups, the regimen of respiratory physiotherapy treatment was repeated six times per 24-hour period and continued until the subject was weaned from mechanical ventilatory support. Each respiratory physiotherapy intervention of 30 minute duration comprised a regimen of positioning, manual hyperinflation and suctioning. In both Parts A and B, the control group received standard nursing and medical care but no respiratory physiotherapy interventions. Results: Consent was obtained for 144 subjects, with 72 randomised for treatment in Part A. Part A groups were comparable with respect to demographic variables, with the exception of body mass index and gender distribution.
Using intention to treat philosophy, there were no significant differences for incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia [Treatment Group 14/72 (19.4%) vs. Control 19/72 (26.4%); p = 0.32], duration of mechanical ventilation (hr) [172.8 vs. 206.3); p = 0.18], or length of intensive care unit stay (hr) [224.2 vs. 256.4; p = 0.22]. For subjects with acquired brain injury receiving this prophylactic regimen of respiratory physiotherapy in the intensive care unit, in an attempt to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia, the cost of physiotherapy was $487 per subject. Comparatively the intensive care unit mechanical ventilation bed day cost was $33,380 per subject. The cost of Part A respiratory physiotherapy time for Treatment Group 1 was 1.7 per cent of the cost of subject's intensive care unit mechanical ventilation bed days. Thirty-three subjects (22.9%) from Part A developed ventilator-associated pneumonia, and were transferred to Part B and re-randomised, 17 to the Treatment Group 3. Part B groups were comparable with respect to demographic variables. No significant differences were detected in the dependent variables for Part B of the study, with similar duration of mechanical ventilation (hr) [342.0 vs. 351.0); p = 0. 89], and length of ICU stay (hr) [384.7 vs. 397.9; p = 0.84] noted. In those subjects with acquired brain injury in whom ventilator-associated pneumonia developed, the regimen of respiratory physiotherapy for the remaining duration of mechanical ventilation following diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia costed an average of $788. Comparatively the intensive care unit bed day cost for the period of mechanical ventilation was $43,865. The cost of Part B respiratory physiotherapy time for Treatment Group 3 was 1.8 per cent of the cost of their intensive care unit mechanical ventilation bed days.
Subjects with a ventilator-associated pneumonia were significantly younger, were admitted with a lower Glasgow coma scale, and more likely to have been admitted with a chest injury than subjects without a ventilator-associated pneumonia. Duration of mechanical ventilation and length of intensive care unit stay were significantly increased in subjects with ventilatorassociated pneumonia, but length of hospital stay was not significantly different. Significant differences in the costs of respiratory physiotherapy and intensive care unit mechanical ventilation bed day costs were evident between those subjects with ventilator-associated pneumonia as compared to those without ventilator-associated pneumonia. For subjects with ventilator-associated pneumonia, the respiratory physiotherapy time cost was $1,029 per subject, compared to $510 for subjects without ventilator-associated pneumonia. The intensive care unit mechanical ventilation bed day cost for subjects with ventilator-associated pneumonia was $61,092 per subject, and $25,142 for those without a ventilator-associated pneumonia, giving an incremental health cost of $35,950 per episode of ventilatorassociated pneumonia. No significant differences were evident in the cost of respiratory physiotherapy as a per cent of the cost of their intensive care unit mechanical ventilation bed days, with findings of 1.4 per cent in those with ventilator-associated pneumonia and 1.1 per cent in those without ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Conclusion: Use of a regular prophylactic respiratory physiotherapy regimen comprising of positioning, manual hyperinflation and suctioning, in addition to routine medical and nursing care, did not appear to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia, reduce length of ventilation or intensive care unit stay in adults with acquired brain injury. Furthermore, in those acquired brain injury subjects with ventilator-associated pneumonia, regular respiratory physiotherapy did not appear to expedite recovery in terms of reducing length of ventilation or intensive care unit stay. It can be concluded from the findings of this study that the presence of ventilator-associated pneumonia has a significant influence on morbidity and costs in subjects with acquired brain injury. Whilst statistically significant results were not found with clinical variables, it is suggested that the provision of a prophylactic respiratory physiotherapy regimen costing $487 per subject is a worthwhile investment in attempts to avoid the incremental health cost of $35,950 per episode of ventilator-associated pneumonia. In subjects with ventilator-associated pneumonia it is concluded that the cost of respiratory physiotherapy would not appear to be justified in attempts to reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation.
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Canadé, Rosario Franco. "Be here now : evaluating an adapted mindfulness-based intervention in a mixed population with acquired brain injury (ABI) and neurological conditions." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/14399.
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Acquired brain injury (ABI) and long-term neurological conditions (such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease), are major causes of disability in the UK, and can lead to significant physical, cognitive, neuro-behavioural, psychological and social difficulties for sufferers. Individuals affected by an ABI or neurological conditions commonly report difficulties around emotional adjustment, reduced attention, mental control, and self-efficacy and their health-related quality of life also often appears to be much reduced. Whilst conventional neuro-rehabilitation has tended to address physical and cognitive impairments and deficits rather than psychological sequelae, recently a growing trend for more holistic approaches appears to have emerged (e.g., Wilson et al., 2000, 2013). Amongst these approaches, mindfulness-based interventions (collectively known as MBIs) have sought to address this gap in terms of therapeutic intervention. There is a growing body of research evidence pointing to the utility of MBIs in the rehabilitation and support of these populations in improving perceived quality of life and increasing self-management of these conditions. However, the research still remains limited and debate persists in terms of the conceptual and theoretical framework of mindfulness. The present study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of an adapted, short-form MBI group programme for a mixed population of patients (n = 22) currently offered in a local neuro-rehabilitation service. A specific pre-post control group design was adopted in order to investigate whether the intervention produced improvements in mindfulness skills, and whether these would in turn lead to improvements in measures associated with self-efficacy and perceived quality of life. Results indicated participants completing the MBI group programme showed significantly higher mean scores across measures of mindfulness. The results also indicated that these improvements were predictive of improvements across self-efficacy and quality of life measures, with large effect sizes observed. The findings would appear to support the research hypothesis that a suitably modified MBI is beneficial for a mixed ABI population. Findings, study limitations, clinical relevance and implications, as well as methodological and theoretical considerations and directions for future research are discussed in light of the main research questions.
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Direko, Mmakamohelo. "Genome assembly of next-generation sequencing data for the Oryx bacillus : species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex." University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5286.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScNext generation sequencing (NGS) technology platforms have accelerated ability to produce completed genome assemblies. Recently, collaborators at Tygerberg Medical School outsourced the sequencing of Oryx bacillus, a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). A total of 31,271,059 short reads were generated and required filtering, assembly and annotation using bioinformatics algorithms. In this project, an NGS assembly pipeline was implemented, tailored specifically for SOLiD sequence data. The raw reads were aligned to seven fully sequenced and annotated MTC members, namely, Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, H37Ra, CDC1551, F11, KZN 1435, Mycobacterium bovis AF2122/97 and Mycobacterium bovis BCG str. Pasteur 1173P2 using NovoalignCS. Depth and breadth of sequence coverage across each base of the reference genome was calculated using BEDTools, and structural variation. Structural variation at the nucleotide level including deletions, insertions and single nucleotidepolymorphisms (SNPs) were called using three tools, GATK, SAMtools and Nesoni. These variations were further filtered using in-house PERL scripts. Putative functional roles for the alterations at the DNA level were extrapolated from the overlap with essential genes present in annotated MTC members. Approximately 20,730,631 short reads (59.78%) out of a total of 31,271,059 reads aligned to the seven reference genomes. The per base sequence coverage calculations revealed an average of 1,243 unaligned regions. These unaligned regions overlapped with mycobacterial regions of difference (RD) and genetic phage elements acquired by the MTC through horizontal gene transfer and are genes prevalent in the clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis. A total of 2,680 genetic variations were identified and categorised into 845 synonymous and 1,724 non-synonymous SNPs together with 44 insertions and 67 deletions. Some of the variant alleles overlapped known genes to be involved in TB drug resistance. While the biological significance of our findings remain to be elucidated, it nonetheless deserves further attention, because SNPs have the potential to impact on strain phenotype by gene disruption. Therefore, any hypotheses generated from these large-scale analyses will be tested by our collaborators at Tygerberg medical school.
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Abdulghanī, Eman Al. "A critical edition of (a section of) Kitab Sharh Musnad Abi Dawud by Al-Imam Badr Al-Din Al-Ayni Al-Hanafi." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/561/.
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The attention of scholars towards the protection of the Sunna, as a second primary source in Islamic law, started from the early centuries. Among those scholars was Abu Dawud, who was concerned in collecting the hidiths that discussed the Prophet's Sunan,in a book which he named Sunan Abi Dawud. The value of this book among Hadith books led scholars such as Alc-Ayni to write commentaries on it, to create a body of in-depth organised discussions of Fiqh rules. This thesis discusses part of Al-Aynis Sharh on Sunan Abi Dawud regarding the rules on specific kinds of voluntary prayers, namely, voluntary prayers after obligatory prayer, Duha prayer, Tasbih prayer,and night prayer. A detailed discussion of the different opinions of the scholars, especially the four main Islamic schools of law, is presented, with each school's evidences, and the scholars' attempts to reconcile conflicting Hadiths are also considered. Explanatory notes are given on the scholars and places mentioned in the manuscript, as well as difficult vocabulary. A full account is given of the documentation of each hadith in the manuscript. Al-Aynis manuscript is set in its historical and cultural context in an introductory section on the author's life and the era in which he lives, the Mamlukiepoch. Al-'Ayni' lived at the time of the Mamluki rule over Egypt, in which scholars were respected and honoured. The Mamluki facilitated scholarship by offering endowments, and building institutes of learning, so that cultural life flourished. Set against this, however, was a political background of widespread corruption, in which bribery was commonplace. Al-Ayni's life and the effect of the characteristics of his epoch on his writings are discussed with an analysis of the style he adopted in writing his commentary, and the academic value of his manuscript. Devotion to a single school of law was common in the Mamluki epoch. Al-Ayni followed the Hanafi school of law and in his Sharh his fanatical adherence to the opinions of his school are evident. Nevertheless, his thorough, systematic approach to his commentary,and comprehensive coverage of historical, biographical,linguistic and juristic matters, make this work an important contribution to the Fiqh literature, which had a profound effect on subsequent scholarship.
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Al-Maguz, M. A. T. "A critical edition of fourteenth part of Kitab An-Nawadir Wa Az-Ziyadat by Ibn Abi Zayd Al-Qayrawani 310 A.H. - 386 A.H." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234558.
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Hunter, Janie Moira. "A video intervention to improve treatment motivation and self-awareness in people with moderate to severe acquired brain injury (ABI) : a feasibility study." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8471/.
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Background: Individuals who suffer acquired brain injury (ABI) commonly demonstrate deficits in awareness. This may contribute to poor motivation for participation in neurorehabilitation, as a result of problems with self-regulation, goal-setting, and risk awareness. Research has suggested that preparing individuals for therapeutic interventions can improve engagement and promote more accurate expectations of interventions. For example, recent evidence suggests that providing structured information about treatment rationale and therapy tasks can increase treatment engagement motivation (Campbell et al. 2017). Objectives: To determine feasibility of providing a video of preparatory information within ABI inpatient services, and to investigate the use of this video in increasing insight, motivation, and rehabilitation behaviour (attendance and engagement). Method: Participants (N=11) were recruited from a brain injury inpatient unit, and randomised to immediate or lagged exposure to the video. A preparatory video aimed at improving insight and increasing motivation was shown regularly over a period of four weeks. Multi-disciplinary clinical staff evaluated the feasibility of delivering the video intervention using structured ratings Additionally, pre- and post-trial measures of motivation for rehabilitation, insight and rehabilitation behaviours were recorded. Results: Staff rated the use of the video as feasible, in terms of the intervention itself, resource consequences, and evaluation. In addition, management and senior staff reported intent to continue use of the video. Preliminary exploration of secondary measures of motivation, awareness of deficits, and rehabilitation behaviour suggests there were some indicators of change at individual levels. Due to the main study focus on feasibility, these clinical effects are to be treated as highly preliminary. Conclusions: Further piloting of this preparatory information video intervention is recommended to further explore the effects of such intervention on the motivation and awareness of deficits in people with ABI. There is a need for future trials to include formal process evaluation.
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Zinsmeister, Julia. "Étude fonctionnelle de trois facteurs de transcription intervenant dans la regulation de la qualité germinative des graines chez les légumineuses : ABI4, ABI5 et HSFA9." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NSARI078/document.
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La phase de maturation des graines est caractérisée par l’ac-quisition successive de composantes qui constituent la qua-lité physiologique d’un lot de semences, à savoir la toléranceà la dessiccation (capacité à survivre au retrait total de l’eaucellulaire), la longévité (capacité de survivre à l'état sec pen-dant le stockage), la dormance ainsi que la vigueur germina-tive (capacité à germer de façon rapide et homogène quelquessoient les conditions de l’environnement). La production desemences à haute qualité germinative représente un enjeumajeur pour les semenciers car elle constitue un levier clefpour augmenter les rendements agricoles. Cependant, lesmécanismes régulant l’acquisition de la qualité germinativeet en particulier la longévité restent peu connus. Une étudepréalable d’un réseau de co-expression génique de facteursde transcription avait identifi é trois gènes candidats associésà la longévité chez Medicago truncatula :MtABL (ABA INSEN-SITIVE4-LIKE), MtABI5 (ABA INSENSITIVE5) et MtHSFA2.2(HEAT SHOCK FACTOR A2.2). L'objectif de cette thèse était devalider ces gènes et d’en comprendre leur fonction chez Medicagotruncatula et le pois par la caractérisation de mutantsd’insertion et EMS. ABL et ABI5 jouent un rôle dans la matu-ration en régulant positivement la longévité alors que celle-ci n’est pas affectée dans les mutants hsfa2.2. Des étudestranscriptomiques et biochimiques montrent que ABL et ABI5régulent de manière complexe la photosynthèse, la dégrada-tion de la chlorophylle et l’accumulation des oligosaccharideSeed maturation is characterized by the acquisition ofthe various components that collectively constitute thephysiological quality or vigor of the seed: desiccation tolerance(DT, i.e. the capacity to survive complete drying), seedstorability or longevity (the capacity to remain alive duringstorage), dormancy, as well as fast and uniform germinationand seedling emergence under stressful conditions. Thesetraits are pivotal to ensure rapid and homogenous seedlingestablishment required for stable yield and are a majoreconomic challenge for the seed industry. Despite theiragronomic importance, the mechanisms regulating theiracquisition, including longevity, are still poorly understood. InMedicago truncatula, a gene co-expression network inferredthat transcription factors such asMtABL (ABA INSENSITIVE4-LIKE), MtABI5 (ABA INSENSITIVE5) and MtHSFA2.2 (HEATSHOCK FACTOR A2.2) are putative regulators of seedlongevity. The aim of this thesis was to characterize theirroles in Medicago truncatula and Pisum sativum using Tnt1insertion and EMS mutants. ABL and ABI5 are positiveregulators of longevity while defects in hsfa2.2 do not affectit. Transcriptomic and biochemical analyses show that ABLand ABI5 are involved in the regulation of photosynthesisassociated genes, chlorophyll loss and accumulation ofraffi nose family oligosaccharides (RFO). ABI5 is also involvedin the accumulation of stress proteins such as LEA proteins.By establishing a link between degreening, RFO contents andlongevity, our work offers new opportunities to tackle a
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Parvaneh, Shahriar. "Evidence-based evaluation of programme interventions to achieve positive community integration outcomes for adults with acquired brain injury." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/808.
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Background. The growing population of people with acquired brain injury (ABI) requires a strong focus on clients to be integrated into the community in order to use their productive skills in society, to help them live with greater independence, and to reduce community expenditure. To date, there is limited theoretical and conceptual development of frameworks documenting the factors influencing community integration as it applies to adults with acquired brain injury. Furthermore, although there is considerable attention paid to community integration as a desired outcome, there exists no evidence-based framework explaining characteristic of successful community interventions for people with acquired brain injury. In addition, fidelity of ABI interventions is not considered in the literature against an evidence-based framework.Objectives. This study was completed in three phases aiming (1) to develop a framework for community integration for adults with post acute ABI; (2) to investigate characteristics of successful community integration programmes in order to develop an instrument to evaluate fidelity of community integration program for adults with ABI; and (3) to field test the instrument to (a) identify implementation issues; (b) explore the relationship between the themes and attributes across the three services; and (c) establish some aspects of the psychometric properties of the instrument.Methodology and Results. The first phase of the study aimed to obtain a framework to define community integration for adults with ABI. The Participant Groups included six researchers, seven health professionals, six policy makers, eight people with ABI and ten family members. Following a pilot study which examined understandability of the documentation and terms used in the study, the Policy Delphi survey method (Hasson, Keeney, & McKenna, 2000; Turoff, 2002; 1995) was applied which included three steps. Each step of the study began with a survey or a semi-structured interview. The data were analysed and the results were used in the next step. At the end of the first phase of the study, a framework to identify community integration for adults with ABI was developed. A broad literature review confirmed its themes. The community integration framework (CIF) included seven community integration themes and descriptors. The themes consisted of Relationships, Acceptance, Community access, Occupation, Being at home, Picking up life again, and Heightened risks and vulnerability.In the second phase of the study, a multi attribute utility (MAU) technique was applied (Camasso & Dick, 1993; Huber, 1974; Lewis, Johnson, & Scholl, 2003). The CIF which resulted from the first phase was used in this phase as a basis to identify the characteristics of programmes that contributed to the achievement of community integration for adults with ABI. This part of the study was completed using four stages. In each stage, surveys or semi-structured interviews were used to gather the participants‘ opinions on the characteristics of a successful community integration programme. Analysis of the results of each stage informed the next stage.In the first stage of the second phase the data (descriptors of community integration programmes) were categorised into seven clusters and 26 sub-clusters. In the second stage, the Participant Groups reviewed and examined the importance of the programme characteristics using a Likert Scale. This stage resulted in determining the priority weights of the items. In the third stage, an Expert Panel reviewed the results during a day-long working group. The Expert Panel including 10 people as a sub-group of the participant groups modified the themes, their descriptors and attributes, and then identified indicators for the attributes as the programme characteristics for community integration for people with ABI. The themes, their descriptors and attributes were compared with ABI outcome measures currently available in the literature.During the fourth stage, the themes and attributes were sent to the Participant Groups and the Expert panel to finally confirm and determine the relative importance of each theme and attribute. This was the final stage in the development of the programme assessment of community integration attributes (PACIA) which included seven themes and 21 attributes. The themes consisted of Person centred approaches and planning, Relationships, Working together, Development of skills, Community based practices, Support for service users, and Service setting and atmosphere. Each attribute was further defined with indicators. Sources of evidence were identified to enable attributes to be rated.The third phase of the study included a field study of PACIA, an examination of possible implementation issues with the tool, and an evaluation of some specific psychometric properties of PACIA. The field study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the evaluation process, and investigate the relationship between the themes and attributes across the three services.A trained evaluation team first individually rated each service by PACIA through observation, reading the documents, and interviews with the staff, service users, and families. A conciliation meeting followed to achieve consensus on the service ratings. The three services achieved a range of scores on the PACIA themes and attributes based on their different qualities. This phase also explored the ease of use and issues in the implementation of the instrument based on the raters‘ feedback, and examined inter-rater reliability, face validity, and content validity of PACIA. Within the limitations of the field test method, the study indicated that PACIA is a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate community integration programmes.Conclusion. Integration or re-integration into the community is a vital social objective for people with ABI for whom intensive medical rehabilitation may be followed by an uncertain pathway of longer-term rehabilitation. This study developed an evidencebased community integration framework (CIF) to describe community integration for adults with ABI. The research method surveyed a wide group of key stakeholders whose views formed the basis of the framework. The framework may be useful as a basis for making policy decisions to enhance community inclusion. The CIF provides an agreed description of a theory or model upon which the characteristics of programmes aimed to facilitate community integration were identified and the fidelity of those programmes were assessed. The other result of this study was the development of a fidelity instrument named as Programme Assessment of Community Integration Attributes (PACIA). While there are obviously additional characteristics of PACIA that remain to be researched, this evidence-based instrument appears to be valid and reliable to test the fidelity of community integration programmes. Community integration programmes can be evaluated more comprehensively by PACIA than has been the position in the past. Such an evaluation instrument may help existing programmes re-focus to provide more efficient services for people with ABI.
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Campa, Fanny. "Nouvelle interaction des protéines PIX et Abi-1 interagissant avec PAK et leur rôle dans la réorganisation du cytosquelette induite par des facteurs de croissance." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX22059.
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Abi-Saad, Georges. "Étude du décalage en cisaillement dans les assemblages soudés de poutres à treillis en acier." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2006. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/493/1/ABI%2DSAAD_Georges.pdf.
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Le travail porte sur les effets du décalage en cisaillement sur la résistance en traction des membrures d'âmes des poutres à treillis métalliques. Étant donné qu'une seule partie de la section des membrures est raccordée à la membrure principale, la distribution des contraintes est non uniforme réduisant ainsi la résistance à la traction de ces membrures.
Une recherche bibliographique a été effectuée afin de préciser le sujet de recherche et de permettre au lecteur de situer le travail dans l'ensemble de la recherche faite à ce jour.
Par la suite, une approche rationnelle a été développée afin de visualiser et de comprendre la distribution des contraintes au voisinage des assemblages. Cette approche a été validée par un modèle mathématique et appuyée par des résultats expérimentaux.
Enfin, une analyse par éléments finis a ensuite été effectuée. Elle a permis d'appuyer la forme des diagrammes des contraintes obtenus par la méthode rationnelle.
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Carvalho, Gustavo Alexandre Braga de. "Avalia??o da influ?ncia de fatores bi?ticos e abi?ticos sobre a sele??o de sinais visuais de cor em lagartos Gymnophitalmideos de cauda colorida." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM PSICOBIOLOGIA, 2016. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/22424.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
A colora??o pode exercer as mais variadas fun??es dentre os diversos grupos de animais, e, especialmente em lagartos, essa variabilidade funcional ? relativamente alta, podendo atuar, por exemplo, como sinaliza??o reprodutiva, sinaliza??o social e estrat?gia anti-preda??o. Sendo que, a colora??o adotada pelas esp?cies pode variar dependendo das caracter?sticas f?sicas do meio (e.g. iluminante e background) e de fatores bi?ticos (e.g. sistema visual do observador), fazendo com que diferentes colora??es sejam selecionadas de acordo com o ambiente sensorial em quest?o. O objetivo desse trabalho foi testar a hip?tese do direcionamento sensorial na colora??o da cauda de duas esp?cies de lagartos gymnophitalmideos (Vanzosaura multiscutata e Micrablepharus maximiliani). Para isso foram realizadas coletas pontuais em tr?s diferentes ecossistemas (caatinga, restinga e mata atl?ntica) e em duas diferentes esta??es do ano (esta??o chuvosa e seca). A colora??o dos animais, assim como do substrato circundante e do espectro de ilumina??o solar, foi mensurada atrav?s de um espectrofot?metro e essas informa??es foram inseridas em uma modelagem visual para lagartos e poss?veis predadores. Os resultados mostraram picos de reflet?ncia de luz UV nas superf?cies mensuradas das duas esp?cies, o que pode ser o respons?vel por aumentar o contraste para animais com vis?o UV. Lagartos foi o fen?tipo que apresentou melhores resultados na detec??o da cauda das duas esp?cies. Por outro lado, as demais partes do corpo, supostamente teriam fun??o de camuflagem, devido ao seu baixo contraste com o substrato. Tamb?m encontramos uma varia??o do contraste de cor entre animal e substrato para diferentes fen?tipos visuais, encontrados em diferentes observadores. Sendo assim, conclui-se que a comunica??o intra-especifica pode ser o principal fator a influenciar a colora??o consp?cua da cauda das duas esp?cies. Al?m disso, a colora??o azul e vermelha pode cumprir em determinados momentos fun??es diferentes. Com a cauda vermelha, cumprindo fun??o de camuflagem para lagartos, por exemplo.
The coloration can peform a variety of functions among the various groups of animals, and, especially in lizards, this functional variability is relatively high, may act for exemplo as reproduction signaling, social signal and anti-predations strategy. Thus, the color adopted by the species may vary depending on the characteristics of the environment (e.g. Illuminant and background) and biotic factors (e.g. visual system of the observer), so that different colors are selected in according to the sensory environment in question. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis of sensory drive in the tail coloration of two species of lizards gymnophitalmideos (Vanzosaura multiscutata and Micrablepharus maximiliani). For this were conducted collects samples in three different ecosystems (Caatinga, Sandbank and Atlantic Rain Forest) and in two different seasons (rainy and dry season). The color of the animals, as well as the surrounding substrate and the solar light spectrum was measured by a spectrophotometer and these information were inserted in a visual modeling for lizards and potential predators. The results showed peaks of the UV light in the surfaces of the two species measured, which may be responsible to increase contrast to animals with UV vision. The phenotype of lizard was the one that showed best results in detection of the tail of these two species. On the other hand, the other parts of the body, would supposedly have camouflage function, because of their low contrast with the substrate. We also found a variation of the color contrast between the animal and substrate for different visual phenotypes found in different observers. Therefore, it is concluded that the intraspecific communication may be the main factor affecting the conspicuous coloration of the tail of the two species. Moreover, the blue and red color may exert different functions at certain times. With the red tail fulfilling camouflage function to lizards, for example.
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Uprichard, S. "Experiences of the process of adjustment to a brain injury : an interpretative phenomenological analysis." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/4521.
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Aims: Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) is often researched from a reductionist perspective, focusing on pathology and dysfunction (Olney & Kim, 2001). More recently there has been a call towards taking a person-centred, global approach; questioning old ‘assumptions’ about what is currently known, and incorporating the views of the patient (Hill, 1999). This qualitative research study aimed to make a further contribution to the evidence-base by investigating the experience of adjusting to life after ABI. Method: Six participants, (two female, four male) aged 26-49, who had experienced a severe ABI an average of 31 months previously, were interviewed using a semistructured schedule. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was employed to analyse the transcripts. Results: Five master themes emerged from the participants’ accounts: Experiencing a loss of control; Observed changes as a threat to identity; Being displaced by the injury: Feeling unchanged in a changed world; Attempts at managing a threatened identity, and Enable me don’t disable me: The role of support in recovery. Implications: Clinical implications were considered within Bronfenbrenner’s (1979, 2004) Ecological Systems Theoretical Framework. Within the Microsystems (the individual’s immediate systems such as their body, home and work) participants described a struggle to make sense of their perceived loss of control of their body and brain. They described the importance of making sense of these changes. Clinically there is a potential role for professionals to facilitate how people make sense of their experiences, perhaps moving away from reductionist explanations, which appeared to prevent participants from having hope to influence change. From a Macrosystemic level (the individual’s social, cultural and political systems) the participants felt they were less valued and as a result, judged by society and by political systems. Participants’ accounts suggested that they wanted to continue to contribute and be valuable in society. An implication therefore is for professionals involved to take more a political stance in influencing how we currently conceptualise people after brain injury, focusing on enablement rather than disablement.
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Bamber, Andrew Thomas. "Narrative inquiry into family functioning after a brain injury." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/9119.
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The lived experiences of the family of a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) survivor is an under represented, yet growing field of qualitative psychological research. This thesis used a case study approach with a family in which one member sustained TBI thirteen years previously. Using conversational unstructured interview techniques, I participated with the family in eliciting public narratives around their experiences since the accident. These public stories were also thickened by individual interviews, which both supported and contradicted the public narratives. In the analysis I found two major narrative lines, the first of which was the baby-narrative which held that the injured person must not be injured any further in word or deed and must be protected at all time. The second dominant narrative was the fighting-narrative, which was characterised by language and actions around fighting/battling on behalf of the injured person against uncaring ‘others’. Several important suppressed or counter narratives emerged during the individual interviews, which could not be spoken about publically. I conclude that the power of the two dominant narratives is fuelled by constant rehearsal and enactment, which actually freezes the family and does not allow it to move forward. Suppressed stories are discussed as a possible avenue for therapeutic growth and for the evolution of the family story as they age.
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Quinn, Hayley Danielle. "A Place to Call My Own: Understanding the Experience of Home for Young People with Disabilities Living in Long-Term Residential Care." Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367867.
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This exploratory study was based on a new model of residential care that was designed specifically to provide a home-like environment to young people with severe disabilities and complex chronic healthcare needs (i.e., Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Acquired Brain Injury (ABI)) to allow them a more appropriate and dignified lifestyle. In 2006, there was an estimated 6,500 people with disabilities under 65 years of age living in residential aged care in Australia (Australian Bureau of Statistics; ABS, 2008). These living environments have been found to be inappropriate and inadequate for young people with disabilities (Cameron et al., 2001; Winkler et al., 2006), particularly given that they may not require 24-hour nursing care.
It is important to consider the nature of home in more detail when thinking about living environments for marginalised groups of people (e.g. people with disabilities), especially as it has been found that the nature of home can impact on the quality of life (Annison, 2000). In order to understand the meaning of “home” for a group of people who live within a particular environment, it is essential that we seek to understand the perceptions of those individuals. In order to provide optimal services, the subjective experience needs to be heard and understood.
The current research was conducted in accordance with Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). This method allowed the research to retain the voice of the service users at the forefront and ensured that their views remained paramount. Multiple domains of home, as they were experienced over time, were examined through a series of semi-structured personal interviews conducted with seven residents with either MS or ABI at their residential care setting. The study aimed to understand the residents’ ‘lived experience’ within the residential apartments, and specifically to answer the following questions:
1) How do residents experience home within a residential care setting? and;
2) What influences their sense of home?
Two core themes emerged from the data, namely Perceived Qualities of Place and Identity. These themes seemed to be inextricably interlinked with each other, and to the extent that they overlapped, a sense of Home was created. These two core themes
were influenced by a core process that took place for this group of residents, namely,
Deconstruction and Reconstruction of their sense of home. The core process was influenced by the theme of Connections. Connections was constructed from three sub-themes: Interactions with the physical environment, Relationships with family and
friends, and Relationships with staff. These themes influenced the way in which deconstruction and reconstruction occurred as well as the nature of identity and the perception of place.
The current study produced four major findings. First, connections appeared to be paramount to the development of a sense of home having an influence in multiple ways. Although previous research has linked the importance of social relationships to general well-being and quality of life, the current study has found that these perceptions of relationships also impacted on the participants’ sense of home. Positive relationships, particularly with staff, created a sense of belonging and comfort that assisted in the reconstruction of their sense of home. Interactions between participants and family were especially critical to the participants’ sense of home.
Second, the sense of home emerged as an important concept that is comparative, temporal, tenuous and vulnerable to deconstruction, and needs to be considered by service providers. Deconstruction appeared to take place more rapidly than reconstruction, highlighting the importance of prevention. Home was a vulnerable construct that could be easily destroyed through negative interactions with the physical environment and/or interactions with others. Third, the construct of home was intimately linked to the sense of identity. It is important for service providers to appreciate these linkages and respond accordingly. This type of information is rarely used in relation to the design and provision of services in environments that provide long-term care for young people with chronic and complex health needs. Finally, this
study has built a theory that shows the link between the existing models of home proposed by Despres (1991). Although these models have been proposed as four distinct conceptual approaches to home, this study has highlighted that they do not operate in isolation. Instead, home is a multi-dimensional construct that is influenced by many factors. It can be influenced by connections, perceived qualities of place and identity. However, identity needs to be congruent with a sense of belonging. Identity needs to be a construct that becomes more focal in service delivery.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology (PhD ClinPsych)
School of Applied Psychology
Griffith Health
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Inloes, Amina. "Negotiating Shīʿī identity and Orthodoxy through canonizing ideologies about women in Twelver Shīʿī Aḥādīth on Pre-Islamic sacred history in the Qurʾān." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/21786.
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Shīʿī aḥādīth, particularly on women, are an immensely understudied area. Studies on Shīʿī aḥādīth on women usually centre on Fāṭimah al-Zahrāʾ, and little research explores pre-Islamic sacred female figures in Shīʿī aḥādīth. At the same time, there an urgent interest in Shīʿism as well as women in Islam, and a desire for new methods to be applied as well as new questions to be asked. This thesis will analyse Shīʿī aḥādīth about women in pre-Islamic sacred history who appear in the Qurʾān (focusing on Eve, Sārah, Hājar, Zulaykhā, Bilqīs, and the Virgin Mary), and apply the methodologies of ideological criticism and feminist hermeneutics (to be explained in Chapter 1) to explore the subtexts about the essential nature and role of women communicated through these narrations. In addition to exploring the roots of these ideas, it will compare them against the contemporary Shīʿī ideology of gender referred to as the ‘separate-but-equal’ ideology to explore how well this ideology corresponds to Shīʿī narrations. (What constitutes an ‘ideology’ will be explored in Chapter 1.) Rather than attempting to derive the ‘authentic’ teachings of the Prophet or the Imāms, this study will take a stance of inauthenticity with respect to narrations and treat narrations as socio-cultural artefacts representing the diversity of views and beliefs of the Shīʿī community. This distinguishes it from other works which either attempt to derive the ‘authentic’ teachings of the Prophet, or else which presume that all narrations equally reflect what the Prophet and Imāms actually said. This avoids the sticky question of which narrations are actually ‘true’ and allows them to be treated equally as cultural artifacts in negotiating a Shīʿī ideology of gender. Because this study focuses on sacred female figures shared with the Judaeo-Christian tradition, it allows for the exploration of how ideas about women from outside the Islamic tradition were integrated into the Shīʿī corpus through isrāʾīlīyāt, particularly through the intertextual synthesis of pre-Islamic material (such as the Bible) with post-Prophetic notions (such as normative paradigms of jurisprudential discourse). Two trends will emerge from these narrations. The first heavily reinforces patriarchal norms, such as women’s seclusion, the need for male authority, and male guardianship over women. These narrations reflect jurisprudential discourse and are largely found in two of the four most prominent books of Shīʿī ḥadīth, al-Kāfī and al-Faqīh. However, in the second, other narrations form a ‘counter-narrative’ in which women and men are portrayed as equals; these narrations invoke the imagery of esoteric Shīʿism and focus on the narrative of wilāyah (loyalty to and love of the Prophet, Fāṭimah al-Zahrāʾ, and the Shīʿī Imāms). Since both sets of narrations address uniquely Shīʿī concerns, such as the Imāmate, it can be deduced that these differing portrayals of women reflect competing concerns in the early and mediaeval Shīʿī communities with respect to determining Shīʿī identity and orthodoxy, and may also reflect the spread of and resistance to Arabization. Lastly, because many narrations attributed to Imam ʿAlī convey strikingly different views about women, the penultimate chapter will explore whether Imam ʿAlī was misogynistic through a comparison of two foundational Shīʿī texts: Kitāb Sulaym ibn Qays al-Hilālī (c. 100 AH) and Nahj al-Balāghah (c. 400 AH).
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Pinheiro, Marcos Paulo Gomes. "Influ?ncia de fatores abi?ticos na distribui??o e abund?ncia de flebotom?neos (Diptera: Psychodidae) em uma unidade de conserva??o da mata atl?ntica do Rio Grande do Norte." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM DESENVOLVIMENTO E MEIO AMBIENTE - PRODEMA, 2017. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23666.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
As leishmanioses s?o graves problemas de sa?de p?blica no Brasil, causadas por protozo?rios do g?nero Leishmania transmitidos pelos flebotom?neos, pequenos insetos da ordem Diptera cujas f?meas s?o hemat?fagas. A leishmaniose visceral (LV) ou calazar, tem como principal vetor nas Am?ricas Lutzomyia longipalpis e Leishmania infantum como agente etiol?gico. No Brasil, a Regi?o Nordeste se destaca com a maior incid?ncia de casos de LV, principalmente entre as camadas mais desfavorecidas da sociedade. A leishmaniose tegumentar (LT) possui diferentes vetores e agentes etiol?gicos em todo o pa?s, tem ampla distribui??o, e apesar da menor gravidade, causa s?rias les?es desfigurantes e incapacitantes em todas as regi?es, principalmente na regi?o Norte. ? relevante a introdu??o de estrat?gias de preven??o que venham a modificar as a??es humanas por meio da informa??o e sensibiliza??o para o problema, sendo a literatura de cordel um instrumento educativo que atrai por sua conota??o l?dica e informal, despertando a aten??o das pessoas. O presente estudo buscou, portanto, conhecer os flebotom?neos de uma Unidade de Conserva??o da Mata Atl?ntica e seu entorno, bem como alguns fatores bi?ticos e abi?ticos relacionados ? sua ocorr?ncia, al?m de testar a utiliza??o do cordel como ferramenta informativa sobre o tema. O estudo aconteceu durante tr?s anos na ?rea interna e externa da Floresta Nacional (Flona) de N?sia Floresta, localizada no munic?pio de N?sia Floresta, regi?o metropolitana de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, utilizando-se armadilhas Shannon e CDC. Foi produzido um cordel, em seu formato cl?ssico, intitulado ?Um bebedor de sangue na terra do mandacaru - Peleja contra o calazar?, para a??es de educa??o em sa?de com a popula??o residente no entorno da Flona e com alunos de escolas do munic?pio. Foram coletados e identificados 82.638 flebotom?neos das esp?cies Evandromyia evandroi, Evandromyia lenti, Evandromyia walkeri, Evandromyia sallesi, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Micropygomyia schreiberi, Nyssomyia intermedia, Nyssomyia whitmani, Psathyromyia abonnenci, Psathyromyia brasiliensis, Psathyromyia shannoni, Psychodopygus wellcomei e Sciopemyia sordellii. Os flebotom?neos foram mais abundantes junto ao solo do ambiente silvestre, apesar de tamb?m serem abundantes junto ?s copas e no peridomic?lio rural. Evandromyia walkeri foi a esp?cie mais abundante, representando 76% de todos os flebotom?neos coletados, sendo importante outras investiga??es acerca dessa esp?cie. Lutzomyia longipalpis, E. evandroi e E. lenti demonstraram prefer?ncia pelos ambientes antropizados. Esse estudo comprova a elevada antropofilia de P. wellcomei, que se mostra ativo durante quase todo o dia no ambiente silvestre, bem como sua rela??o com os meses chuvosos. Com base no conhecimento da bioecologia dos flebotom?neos vetores das leishmanioses na ?rea, espera-se que esse trabalho possa contribuir com estrat?gias de preven??o e controle das leishmanioses no Nordeste.O cordel teve grande aceita??o por parte dos estudantes da EJA e a experi?ncia demonstrou que esse pode ser um importante meio para a dissemina??o de informa??es acerca da leishmaniose visceral, regionalizando as estrat?gias, sensibilizando e divulgando um tema t?o importante em sa?de p?blica.
Leishmaniasis is a serious public health problem in Brazil, caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania transmitted by sand flies, small insects of the order Diptera whose females are hematophagous. The main vector of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), or kala-azar, in the Americas is Lutzomyia longipalpis while Leishmania infantum is the etiological agent. In Brazil, the Northeastern Region stands out with the highest incidence of VL cases, especially among the most disadvantaged groups of society. Tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) has different vectors and etiological agents throughout the country, a wide distribution, and despite its lower severity, it causes serious disfiguring and disabling lesions all over the country, especially in the North Region. It is relevant to introduce prevention strategies, through information and consciousness of the problem, in order to modify deleterious anthropic actions. Cordel folk literature has proved to be an educational instrument with potential use to address this issue, since it attracts by its playful and informal connotations and awakens the attention of people of different age groups. This study aimed, therefore, to know the sand flies fauna at an Atlantic Forest Conservation Unit and its surroundings, as well as some factors related to their occurrence, in addition to testing the use of cordel literature as an informative tool on the subject. The study took place over three years in the internal and external area of the N?sia Floresta National Forest (Flona) located in the city of N?sia Floresta, metropolitan region of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, using Shannon and CDC traps. A cordel pamphlet in its classic format was produced, entitled "A blood drinker in the land of mandacaru - fight against kala-azar," for health educational activities among the population living in the vicinity of the Flona and students. The use of the cordel was validated through questionnaires applied to students of the Education of Young and Adults Program. The pamphlet approaches the transmission, symptoms, treatment and prophylaxis of the disease. There were collected and identified 82,638 sand flies of the species Evandromyia evandroi, Evandromyia lenti, Evandromyia walkeri, Evandromyia sallesi, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Micropygomyia schreiberi, Nyssomyia intermedia, Nyssomyia whitmani, Psathyromyia abonnenci, Psathyromyia brasiliensis, Psathyromyia shannoni, Psychodopygus wellcomei and Sciopemyia sordellii. Phlebotomines were more abundant near the soil of the wild environment, although they were also abundant near the canopy and in the rural peridomicille. L. walkeri was the most abundant species, representing 76% of all sandflies collected, and other investigations about this species are important. L. longipalpis, E. evandroi and E. lenti showed preference for anthropized environments. This study confirms the high anthropophilic behavior of P. wellcomei, which is active throughout the day in the wild, as well as its relationship with the rainy months. Based on the knowledge of the bioecology of sand flies vectors of leishmaniasis in the study area, as well as the factors involved in its occurrence, it is expected that this work may contribute to strategies for the prevention and control of leishmaniasis in Northeastern Brazil. The cordel literature was widely accepted by students and the experience has shown that this may be an important way for dissemination of information about visceral leishmaniasis. It is also desired that the regionalization of educational strategies through cordel literature can contribute to the dissemination of knowledge, sensitizing the community and disseminating such an important subject in public health.
2019-05-04