Academic literature on the topic 'Abelson related gene'

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Journal articles on the topic "Abelson related gene"

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Ramakrishnan, L., Q. Wu, A. Yue, M. D. Cooper, and N. Rosenberg. "BP-1/6C3 expression defines a differentiation stage of transformed pre-B cells and is not related to malignant potential." Journal of Immunology 145, no. 5 (September 1, 1990): 1603–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.145.5.1603.

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Abstract BP-1 antibody recognizes a cell surface molecule related to the zinc-dependent metallopeptidases that is expressed during a narrow window early in B cell differentiation. Expression of the same molecule, as originally recognized by the mAb 6C3, is widely accepted to be associated with the complete malignant transformation of pre-B lymphoid cells. We have examined BP-1/6C3 expression in a panel of established Abelson virus-transformed cells that includes both cells analogous to pre-B cells and to less differentiated B lineage cells that have not yet completed Ig H chain gene rearrangement. This analysis reveals that many of the less differentiated transformants do not express BP-1/6C3 for an extended culture period. In contrast, virtually all transformants that are analogous to normal pre-B cells express the determinant early in their culture history. The BP-1/6C3 negative transformants are fully tumorigenic in syngeneic mice, demonstrating that BP-1/6C3 expression is not required for complete malignant transformation. Our data thus suggest that the pattern of BP-1/6C3 expression in Abelson virus-transformed cells mimics that observed in normal cells and is indicative of a differentiation event unrelated to the malignant potential of the cells.
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Cazzaniga, Giovanni, Sabrina Tosi, Alessandra Aloisi, Giovanni Giudici, Maria Daniotti, Pietro Pioltelli, Lyndal Kearney, and Andrea Biondi. "The Tyrosine Kinase Abl-Related Gene ARG Is Fused toETV6 in an AML-M4Eo Patient With a t(1;12)(q25;p13): Molecular Cloning of Both Reciprocal Transcripts." Blood 94, no. 12 (December 15, 1999): 4370–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v94.12.4370.

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Abstract The Ets variant gene 6 (ETV6/TEL) gene is rearranged in the majority of patients with 12p13 translocations fused to a number of different partners. We present here a case of acute myeloid leukemia M4 with eosinophilia (AML-M4Eo) positive for the CBFb/MYH11 rearrangement and carrying a t(1;12)(q25;p13) that involves the ETV6 gene at 12p13. By 3′rapid amplification of cDNA ends-polymerase chain reaction (3′RACE-PCR), a novel fusion transcript was identified between the ETV6 and the Abelson-related gene (ARG) at 1q25, resulting in a chimeric protein consisting of the HLH oligomerization domain of ETV6 and the SH2, SH3, and protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) domains of ARG. The reciprocal transcript ARG-ETV6 was also detected in the patient RNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), although at a lower expression level. The ARG gene encodes for a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase characterized by high homology with c-Abl in the TK, SH2, and SH3 domains. This is the first report on ARGinvolvement in a human malignancy.
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Cazzaniga, Giovanni, Sabrina Tosi, Alessandra Aloisi, Giovanni Giudici, Maria Daniotti, Pietro Pioltelli, Lyndal Kearney, and Andrea Biondi. "The Tyrosine Kinase Abl-Related Gene ARG Is Fused toETV6 in an AML-M4Eo Patient With a t(1;12)(q25;p13): Molecular Cloning of Both Reciprocal Transcripts." Blood 94, no. 12 (December 15, 1999): 4370–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v94.12.4370.424k34_4370_4373.

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The Ets variant gene 6 (ETV6/TEL) gene is rearranged in the majority of patients with 12p13 translocations fused to a number of different partners. We present here a case of acute myeloid leukemia M4 with eosinophilia (AML-M4Eo) positive for the CBFb/MYH11 rearrangement and carrying a t(1;12)(q25;p13) that involves the ETV6 gene at 12p13. By 3′rapid amplification of cDNA ends-polymerase chain reaction (3′RACE-PCR), a novel fusion transcript was identified between the ETV6 and the Abelson-related gene (ARG) at 1q25, resulting in a chimeric protein consisting of the HLH oligomerization domain of ETV6 and the SH2, SH3, and protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) domains of ARG. The reciprocal transcript ARG-ETV6 was also detected in the patient RNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), although at a lower expression level. The ARG gene encodes for a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase characterized by high homology with c-Abl in the TK, SH2, and SH3 domains. This is the first report on ARGinvolvement in a human malignancy.
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Zeff, RA, YF Zhao, R. Tatake, H. Lachman, F. Borriello, and SG Nathenson. "Cis- and trans-repression of class I major histocompatibility gene expression in Abelson virus-transformed murine leukemia." Blood 78, no. 2 (July 15, 1991): 524–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v78.2.524.524.

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Abstract Numerous tumor cell lines of leukemic origin are known to modulate cell surface expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigens resulting in alterations in their immune detection and tumorigenicity. We have been studying the mechanisms responsible for attenuation of MHC class I gene expression in an H-2 heterozygous (H-2b x H-2d) Abelson-Murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV)-transformed leukemic cell line (designated R8). Here we report that treatment of the R8 cell line with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX) increased H-2Kb steady-state messenger RNA (mRNA) levels several fold. The induced H-2Kb mRNA transcripts were functional, as demonstrated by their ability to be translated into immunoprecipitable H-2Kb alloantigen. H-2Kb null variants derived from the R8 cell line were shown to be the product of both cis- and trans-acting mechanisms, insomuch as the treatment of R8-derived H-2Kb non-expressor lines with CHX re-established expression of H-2Kb mRNA to the same extent as transfection of the variant cell line with the wild-type H-2Kb gene. Such findings indicate that downregulation of MHC class I gene expression is constitutive for the R8 leukemic cell line, a phenomenon that may be related to the immature pre-B-cell phenotype of this A-MuLV transformant.
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Zeff, RA, YF Zhao, R. Tatake, H. Lachman, F. Borriello, and SG Nathenson. "Cis- and trans-repression of class I major histocompatibility gene expression in Abelson virus-transformed murine leukemia." Blood 78, no. 2 (July 15, 1991): 524–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v78.2.524.bloodjournal782524.

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Numerous tumor cell lines of leukemic origin are known to modulate cell surface expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigens resulting in alterations in their immune detection and tumorigenicity. We have been studying the mechanisms responsible for attenuation of MHC class I gene expression in an H-2 heterozygous (H-2b x H-2d) Abelson-Murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV)-transformed leukemic cell line (designated R8). Here we report that treatment of the R8 cell line with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX) increased H-2Kb steady-state messenger RNA (mRNA) levels several fold. The induced H-2Kb mRNA transcripts were functional, as demonstrated by their ability to be translated into immunoprecipitable H-2Kb alloantigen. H-2Kb null variants derived from the R8 cell line were shown to be the product of both cis- and trans-acting mechanisms, insomuch as the treatment of R8-derived H-2Kb non-expressor lines with CHX re-established expression of H-2Kb mRNA to the same extent as transfection of the variant cell line with the wild-type H-2Kb gene. Such findings indicate that downregulation of MHC class I gene expression is constitutive for the R8 leukemic cell line, a phenomenon that may be related to the immature pre-B-cell phenotype of this A-MuLV transformant.
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Pardanani, Animesh, and Ayalew Tefferi. "Imatinib targets other than bcr/abl and their clinical relevance in myeloid disorders." Blood 104, no. 7 (October 1, 2004): 1931–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-01-0246.

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Abstract Imatinib mesylate is a small molecule drug that in vitro inhibits the Abelson (Abl), Arg (abl-related gene), stem cell factor receptor (Kit), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor A and B (PDGFRA and PDGFRB) tyrosine kinases. The drug has acquired therapeutic relevance because of similar inhibitory activity against certain activating mutations of these molecular targets. The archetypical disease in this regard is chronic myeloid leukemia, where abl is constitutively activated by fusion with the bcr gene (bcr/abl). Similarly, the drug has now been shown to display equally impressive therapeutic activity in eosinophilia-associated chronic myeloproliferative disorders that are characterized by activating mutations of either the PDGFRB or the PDGFRA gene. The former usually results from translocations involving chromosome 5q31-33, and the latter usually results from an interstitial deletion involving chromosome 4q12 (FIP1L1-PDGFRA). In contrast, imatinib is ineffective, in vitro and in vivo, against the mastocytosis-associated c-kit D816V mutation. However, wild-type and other c-kit mutations might be vulnerable to the drug, as has been the case in gastrointestinal stomal cell tumors. Imatinib is considered investigational for the treatment of hematologic malignancies without a defined molecular drug target, such as polycythemia vera, myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia, and acute myeloid leukemia.
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Ha, Byung Hak, Mark Adam Simpson, Anthony J. Koleske, and Titus J. Boggon. "Structure of the ABL2/ARG kinase in complex with dasatinib." Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications 71, no. 4 (March 20, 2015): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053230x15004793.

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ABL2/ARG (ABL-related gene) belongs to the ABL (Abelson tyrosine-protein kinase) family of tyrosine kinases. ARG plays important roles in cell morphogenesis, motility, growth and survival, and many of these biological roles overlap with the cellular functions of the ABL kinase. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is associated with constitutive ABL kinase activation resulting from fusion between parts of the breakpoint cluster region (BCR) andABL1genes. Similarly, fusion of theETV6(Tel) andARGgenes drives some forms of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Dasatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for the treatment of CML by inhibiting ABL, and while it also inhibits ARG, there is currently no structure of ARG in complex with dasatinib. Here, the co-crystal structure of the mouse ARG catalytic domain with dasatinib at 2.5 Å resolution is reported. Dasatinib-bound ARG is found in the DFG-in conformation although it is nonphosphorylated on the activation-loop tyrosine. In this structure the glycine-rich P-loop is found in a relatively open conformation compared with other known ABL family–inhibitor complex structures.
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Lapetina, Stefanie, Christopher C. Mader, Kazuya Machida, Bruce J. Mayer, and Anthony J. Koleske. "Arg interacts with cortactin to promote adhesion-dependent cell edge protrusion." Journal of Cell Biology 185, no. 3 (May 4, 2009): 503–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200809085.

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The molecular mechanisms by which the Abelson (Abl) or Abl-related gene (Arg) kinases interface with the actin polymerization machinery to promote cell edge protrusions during cell–matrix adhesion are unclear. In this study, we show that interactions between Arg and the Arp2/3 complex regulator cortactin are essential to mediate actin-based cell edge protrusion during fibroblast adhesion to fibronectin. Arg-deficient and cortactin knockdown fibroblasts exhibit similar defects in adhesion-dependent cell edge protrusion, which can be restored via reexpression of Arg and cortactin. Arg interacts with cortactin via both binding and catalytic events. The cortactin Src homology (SH) 3 domain binds to a Pro-rich motif in the Arg C terminus. Arg mediates adhesion-dependent phosphorylation of cortactin, creating an additional binding site for the Arg SH2 domain. Mutation of residues that mediate Arg–cortactin interactions abrogate the abilities of both proteins to support protrusions, and the Nck adapter, which binds phosphocortactin, is also required. These results demonstrate that interactions between Arg, cortactin, and Nck1 are critical to promote adhesion-dependent cell edge protrusions.
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De Keersmaecker, Kim, Carlos Graux, Maria D. Odero, Nicole Mentens, Riet Somers, Johan Maertens, Iwona Wlodarska, et al. "Fusion of EML1 to ABL1 in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with cryptic t(9;14)(q34;q32)." Blood 105, no. 12 (June 15, 2005): 4849–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-12-4897.

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Abstract The BCR-ABL1 fusion kinase is frequently associated with chronic myeloid leukemia and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia but is rare in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). We recently identified NUP214-ABL1 as a variant ABL1 fusion gene in 6% of T-ALL patients. Here we describe the identification of another ABL1 fusion, EML1-ABL1, in a T-ALL patient with a cryptic t(9;14)(q34;q32) associated with deletion of CDKN2A (p16) and expression of TLX1 (HOX11). Echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 1-Abelson 1 (EML1-ABL1) is a constitutively phosphorylated tyrosine kinase that transforms Ba/F3 cells to growth factor-independent growth through activation of survival and proliferation pathways, including extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2), signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 (Stat5), and Lyn kinase. Deletion of the coiled-coil domain of EML1 abrogated the transforming properties of the fusion kinase. EML1-ABL1 and breakpoint cluster region (BCR)-ABL1 were equally sensitive to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib. These data further demonstrate the involvement of ABL1 fusions in the pathogenesis of T-ALL and identify EML1-ABL1 as a novel therapeutic target of imatinib. (Blood. 2005;105:4849-4852)
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Sexl, Veronika, Roland Piekorz, Richard Moriggl, Juerg Rohrer, Michael P. Brown, Kevin D. Bunting, Kristen Rothammer, Martine F. Roussel, and James N. Ihle. "Stat5a/b contribute to interleukin 7–induced B-cell precursor expansion, but abl- andbcr/abl-induced transformation are independent of Stat5." Blood 96, no. 6 (September 15, 2000): 2277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v96.6.2277.

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Abstract The cytokines interleukin 7 (IL-7) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) regulate lymphoid differentiation and function and activate the transcription factor Stat5. Using mice deficient for the 2 highly related transcription factors, Stat5a and Stat5b (Stat5a/b−/−), we investigated the role of Stat5 for B-cell differentiation, expansion, and function. Peripheral blood B cells of Stat5-deficient mice are significantly reduced, but no proliferation defects in response to various mitogenic stimuli are found. Also, IgM and IgG1 antibody production and immunoglobulin class switching are not affected. Pre- and pro-B cells of Stat5-deficient animals were found to have reduced responses to IL-7. Pro- and pre-B cells are the target cells of the abloncogene and numerous studies have suggested that Stat5a/b is essential for transformation by derivatives of the Abelson(abl) gene. To assess the role of Stat5a/b in transformation, we have evaluated the ability of variousabl derivatives to transform cells from Stat5a/b-deficient mice in vitro or in vivo. We demonstrate that the absence of Stat5a/b is not essential for the induction of lymphoid or myeloid tumors in vivo or on the ability to transform bone marrow cells in vitro.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Abelson related gene"

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ANGELONI, VALENTINA. "Studio e caratterizzazione delle isoforme della tirosino chinasi non recettoriale ARG nel differenziamento neuronale in vitro." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/7823.

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Il gene umano ARG (o ABL2) codifica per una proteina che appartiene alla sottofamiglia Abelson delle tirosino chinasi non recettoriali (Kruh et al.,1990; Perego et al., 1991). Arg in vitrù dei domini di legame alle proteine del citoscheltro (Hernandez et al., 2004a e Miller et al., 2004) e al coinvolgimento, mediante la sua attività chinasica, nei pathway molecolari di riarrangiamento del citoscheletro (Galkin et al., 2005) è attivamente coinvolto nel processo di neuritogenesi e di formazione e funzione delle sinapsi (Koleske et al., 1998). Come per c-Abl anche per Arg sono state descritte, per splicing alternativo dell’esone 1, due isoforme N-terminali (1A e 1B) (Kruh et al., 1990). Nel nostro laboratorio sono state identificate con metodiche di RT-PCR qualitativa nuovi trascritti di Arg che predicono isoforme con diverse estremità 5' e 3' (Perego et al., 2005). Per quanto riguarda le estremità 5' si è dimostrato che l’escissione alternativa dell’esone 2, giustapposto all’esone 1A o 1B, produce quattro diversi trascritti definiti B-Long (BL), B-Short (BS), A-Long (AL) e A-Short (AS) (Perego et al., 2005). Le forme "Long" mantengono l’esone 2 costituito da 63 paia di basi e lo splicing alternativo di questo esone non interrompe l’open reading frame della proteina. All’estremità 3' sono state invece identificate 2 ulteriori isoforme che differiscono per una sequenza, detta ΔCT, di 309 paia di basi corrispondenti a 103 amminoacidi e che sono state definite come "Short" e "Long" (CTS e CTL) a seconda che abbiano perso o meno questa sequenza; la delezione della sequenza ΔCT elimina parte del primo sito legante l’actina (Perego et al., 2005). I trascritti corrispondenti alle diverse estremità 5' e 3' sono differentemente espressi nei vari tipi cellulari e durante la differenziazione mieloide e linfoide (Perego et al., 2005). Combinando i diversi splicing dell’estremità 5' e 3' è possibilie ipotizzare l’esistenza di otto diverse isoforme full-length di Arg (ASCTS, ALCTS, ASCTL, ALCTL, BSCTS, BLCTS, BSCTL e BLCTL), dotate di diversa possibilità di interazione con il citoscheletro e differente coinvolgimento in pathways metabolici. Per dimostrare l’effettiva espressione endogena dei trascritti corrispondenti alle otto diverse isoforrme full-ength di Arg abbiamo prima analizzato, mediante Real-Time PCR, il pattern d’espressione delle diverse estremità 5' e 3' del trascritto di Arg nelle linee cellulari renali Hek 293T e Caki-1. Abbiamo così evidenziato che le estremità 5' sono tutte espresse solo nelle cellule Caki-1, a differenza delle cellule Hek 293T, che esprimono solo le forme B. Le estremità 3' invece sono espresse, anche se con rapporti quantitativi differenti, in entrambe le linee. La linea cellulare Caki-1 è stata quindi utilizzata per dimostrare l’effettiva espressione dei trascritti corrispondenti alle 8 diverse isoforme di Arg mediante cicli sequenziali di PCR (Long e Nested PCR) che utilizzavano combinazioni di diversi primers specifici. La presenza di amplificati della dimensione attesa per le diverse isoforme full-length dimostra, in queste linea cellulare, l’effettiva espressione di tutti 8 i trascritti full-length di Arg predetti. Una volta dimostrata l’esistenza delle otto isoforme di Arg abbiamo cercato di valutarne il coinvolgimento in un modello di differenziamento neuronale "in vitro", basandoci sui dati di letteratura che vedono Arg coinvolto nella neuritogenesi e nella formazione e funzione delle sinapsi (Koleske et al., 1998). Pertanto la linea cellulare di neuroblastoma umano SH-SY5Y è stata indotta al differenziamento per trattamento con ATRA (All-Trans-Retinoic-Acid) e Abeta (peptide amiloidogeno (Aβ1-42)), che come documentato in letteratura è dotata a basse concentrazioni di attività neurotrofica (Susen and Blochl, 2005). L’effetto differenziativo prodotto sulla linea cellulare SH-SY5Y da questi trattamenti è stato documentato mediante analisi morfologica e in immunofluorescenza, mentre tramite Real-Time PCR e western blot si sono quantificati i livelli del trascritto e della proteina di Arg prima e dopo trattamento ed analizzati i livelli di espressione relativa dei trascritti corrispondenti alle diverse estremità 5' e 3', allo scopo di evidenziare eventuali variazioni in corso di differenziamento. Inoltre sulla base dei dati di letteratura che evidenziano il ruolo di Arg come promotore della neuritogenesi in cellule di neuroblastoma N2A (Hernandez et al., 2004b) per attivazione dell’inibitore di Rho p190RhoGAP, in seguito a fosforilazione Arg-dipendente della sua tirosina 1105 (Y1105), è stato analizzato il livello di p190RhoGAP fosforilato in Y1105. Nelle cellule SH-SY5Y, trattate con 20μM ATRA per 6 giorni, Arg sembra essere coinvolto in un pathway neurodifferenziativo p190RhoGAP-dipendente, infatti il trascritto totale di Arg incrementa e sebbene il livello proteico di Arg sia paragonabile a quello delle cellule controllo, il livello di p190RhoGAP fosforilato in Y1105 risulta aumentato. Arg sembra essere coinvolto anche nel processo neurodifferenziativo a cui le cellule SH-SY5Y vanno incontro per trattamento con 0,01μM Abeta per 72 ore, infatti l’analisi mediante Real-Time PCR e western blot ha mostrato un’over-espressione sia del trascritto che della proteina totale di Arg nelle cellule SH-SY5Y trattate con Abeta rispetto alle cellule controllo. Inoltre il pattern di espressione delle isoforme di Arg, analizzato tramite Real-Time PCR, ha mostrato una maggiore espressione del trascritto con estremità 3' di tipo CTL rispetto alla controparte CTS, al contrario di quanto succede nelle cellule controllo. L’analisi del livello di p190RhoGAP fosforilato in tirosina 1105 non mostra però nelle cellule trattate con Abeta una variazione rispetto alle cellule controllo. Questi dati fanno ipotizzare un coinvolgimento di Arg in un pathway di neuritogenesi p190RhoGAP-indipendente, diverso quindi da quello attivato dal trattamento con ATRA nelle cellule SH-SY5Y. Del resto è stato anche descritto che in cellule di neuroblastoma N2A la transfezione di Arg può indurre la neuritogenesi senza indurre inibizione di Rho e quindi attraverso un pathway p190RhoGAP-indipendente (Hernandez et al., 2004b). Ulteriori studi sono in corso per valutare il coinvolgimento di Arg in pathway alternativi a quello di Rho nel processo di neuritogenesi indotto da Abeta. Date le sopra citate caratteristiche di Arg e il suo ruolo nel sistema nervoso centrale visto il ruolo di Abl nel taglio proteolitico del precursore della proteina amiloide (APP) (Perkinton et al., 2004) Abbiamo valutato l’espressione di Arg e delle sue isoforme anche in colture primarie di fibroblasti prelevati da pazienti affetti da Alzheimer rispetto ai controlli sani, riscontrando un’over-espressione del trascritto totale di Arg. Questo dato rappresenta il punto di partenza per studi fututri che mirino a definire il possibile coinvolgimento di Arg nel metabolismo della proteina precursore dall’amiloide APP. Ulteriori studi verranno eseguiti utilizzando concentrazioni potenzialmente neurotossiche di Abeta (2,5μM) per stimolare le cellule SH-SY5Y al fine di valutarne l’effetto sull’espressione delle isoforme di Arg e sulla morfologia cellulare. Per valutare se le otto diverse isoforme full-length di Arg possono avere ruoli diversi nel differenziamento neuronale abbiamo anche approntato studi di tipo funzionale. Transfettando nella linea cellulare SH-SY5Y le otto diverse isoforme di Arg clonate nel vettore di espressione pFlagCMV2. Questi esperimenti hanno evidenziato che le isoforme BLCTL e BSCTL inducono nelle cellule transfettate l’acquisizione di una morfologia più rotondeggiante e una significativa diminuzione dello "spreading cellulare" rispetto alle cellule transfettate con il vettore controllo (LAC Z). L’isoforma BLCTS è invece tra le isoforme B quella che induce una maggiore produzione di protrusioni cellulari quando transfettate nella linea SH-SY5Y. In seguito a transfezione con le isoforme A, normalmente non espresse in questo tipo cellulare, ed in particolare con l’isoforma ALCTS, le cellule sviluppano un fenotipo ricco di estroflessioni di diversa lunghezza e spesso filopodiformi. Dato il ruolo di Arg, documentato in letteratura, nel riarrangiamento del citoscheletro (Galkin et al., 2005), abbiamo voluto poi valutare l’effetto sul citoscheletro di actina e tubulina dell’over-espressione delle isoforme BLCTS e ALCTS, che quando over-espresse inducono in modo più evidente la formazione di estroflessioni cellulari. Dall’analisi in immunofluorescenza delle cellule transfettate con le due isoforme BLCTS e ALCTS è emerso che quando nelle cellule SH-SY5Y viene over-espressa l’isoforma BLCTS la distribuzione dell’F-actina e della tubulina è corticale e paragonabile a quella delle cellule non transfettate mentre nelle cellule che over-esprimono l’isoforma ALCTS l’F-actina ha ancora una distribuzione corticale e paragonabile a quella delle cellule non transfettate, mentre la tubulina si accumula nel citoplasma dove colocalizza con Arg, diffondendo anche nel nucleo. Verranno eseguiti ulteriori studi per approfondire l’effetto dell’over-espressione delle singole isoforme, sia tramite trasfezioni stabili che inducibili delle otto isoforme full-length di Arg.
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