Academic literature on the topic 'Abe (African people)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Abe (African people)"
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Beckerleg, Susan. "African Bedouin in Palestine." African and Asian Studies 6, no. 3 (2007): 289–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920907x212240.
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AbstractThe changing ethnic identity and origins of people of Bedouin and African origin living in southern Israel and the Gaza Strip are explored in this paper. For thousands of years, and into the twentieth century, slaves were captured in Africa and transported to Arabia. Negev Bedouin in Palestine owned slaves, many of whom were of African origin. When Israel was created in 1948 some of these people of African origin became refugees in Gaza, while others remained in the Negev and became Israeli citizens. With ethnic identity a key factor in claims and counter claims to land in Palestine/Israel, African slave origins are not stressed. The terminology of ethnicity and identity used by people of African origin and other Palestinians is explored, and reveals a consciousness of difference and rejection of the label abed or slave/black person.
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Ugwu, Agozie Uzo. "Reflection of History and Struggle in Modern African Drama: A Reassessment of the Historical and Dramatic Characters in Emeka Nwabueze’s The Dragon’s Funeral." Nile Journal of English Studies 2, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20321/nilejes.v2i2.68.
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Historical facts evidently have often time provided source materials for the modern African playwright in creating his story. The committed playwright combines the fact of history, blends it with artistic ingenuity and presents a dramatic experience of a people. This combination of facts of history with fiction could be referred to as “faction”. The facts of history may include struggle for emancipation, war, famine, outbreak of a disease, political instability, fashion, terrorism, natural disaster, colonialism, imperialism, neo-colonialism, etc. It is in view of this that this paper surveys the struggle by Nigerian women during the colonial period for their emancipation out of the evils of colonialism and economic exploitation. The gallant Nigerian women of Aba in 1929, who vehemently challenged the British colonial administration of heavy tax imposition on Nigerians, have been represented in dramatic form by Emeka Nwabueze in his play The Dragon’s Funeral. This work has done a reassessment of the major characters in the play. The aim is to see how these dramatic characters in the play conform to the actual historical characters. For the purpose of dramaturgy, the playwright seems to have added some dramatic techniques; like the aesthetics of storytelling to provide a more vivid dramatic experience. The representation of historical characters in the play provides obvious evidences of the reflection of history and struggle in modern Africa drama and also emphasises the efficacy of modern African plays as viable tools for the documentation of history.
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Abel Matheba. "A beginner’s guide to the Fourth Industrial Revolution in Africa: By Abel Matheba and Debates." Thinker 82, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/thethinker.v82i4.354.
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What is a revolution?A revolution is change that happens over a length of time. This type of change is driven by human beings. It starts as an idea inthe minds of a few, and then spreads out into the minds of more people so that it gains momentum to force a change in the world. A political revolution is often forced through protests or policies, where the majority of the affected people drive thischange in their desired direction. An industrial revolution is a change in economic power, where the main driver of the economy is changed from a certain technological sector to another.
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Uthman, Olalekan A., Gbenga A. Kayode, and Victor T. Adekanmbi. "Individual and contextual socioeconomic determinants of knowledge of the ABC approach of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV in Nigeria: a multilevel analysis." Sexual Health 10, no. 6 (2013): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh13065.
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Background Nigeria has the highest number of people living with HIV/AIDS in the world after India and South Africa. HIV/AIDS places a considerable burden on society’s resources, and its prevention is a cost-beneficial solution to address these consequences. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no multilevel study performed to date that examined the separate and independent associations of individual and community socioeconomic status (SES) with HIV prevention knowledge in Nigeria. Methods: Multilevel linear regression models were applied to the 2008 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey on 48 871 respondents (Level 1) nested within 886 communities (Level 2) from 37 districts (Level 3). Results: Approximately one-fifth (20%) of respondents were not aware of any of the Abstinence, Being faithful and Condom use (ABC) approach of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV. However, the likelihood of being aware of the ABC approach of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV increased with older age, male gender, greater education attainment, a higher wealth index, living in an urban area and being from least socioeconomically disadvantaged communities. There were significant community and district variations in respondents’ knowledge of the ABC approach of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV. Conclusion: The present study provides evidence that both individual- and community-level SES factors are important predictors of knowledge of the ABC approach of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV in Nigeria. The findings underscore the need to implement public health prevention strategies not only at the individual level, but also at the community level.
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Gold, C. S., A. Kiggundu, A. M. K. Abera, and D. Karamura. "DIVERSITY, DISTRIBUTION AND FARMER PREFERENCE OF MUSA CULTIVARS IN UGANDA." Experimental Agriculture 38, no. 1 (January 2002): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479702000145.
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The East African highlands, home to more than 80 cultivated varieties of locally evolved bananas, constitute a secondary centre of banana diversity. Uganda is the leading producer and consumer of banana in the region and also enjoys the highest diversity of a group of bananas uniquely adapted to this region. These East African highland bananas comprise cooking and brewing types. The former is a staple for more than 7 million people and thus important for food security. Little is known about the distribution of the vast germplasm and this study was set up to help determine a distribution pattern and to understand the dynamics of cultivar change using farmers participatory appraisal methods. The study involved a guided interview with 120 farmers, at 24 sites throughout the banana-growing region of Uganda, to reveal cultivar diversity, proportions, distribution and preferences. Cultivar diversity ranged from 18 to 34 (mean = 26) cultivars per site, and from 4 to 22 (mean = 12.3), cultivars per individual farm. Such high diversity was attributed to a variety of end uses, better food security and the perception that each cultivar had a unique range of strengths and weaknesses. Highland banana (AAA-EA) represented 76% of total production while Kayinja (‘Pisang Awak’ subgroup) (ABB) contributed 8%; Ndiizi (’Ney Poovan’ subgroup) (AB) 7%; Kisubi (‘Ney Poovan’ subgroup) (AB) 5%; Gros Michel (‘Bogoya’) (AAA) 2%; and plantain (AAB) 2%. Although 130 highland cultivars were recorded, only 10 constituted 50% of highland banana production while 45 cultivars were found at only 1 or 2 sites. A few cultivars showed more universal distribution and it is proposed that these may be the oldest and best performing local landraces.
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Blake, Renée, and Cara Shousterman. "Second generation West Indian Americans and English in New York City." English Today 26, no. 3 (August 24, 2010): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078410000234.
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Within American sociolinguistics there is a substantial body of research on race as a social variable that conditions language behavior, particularly with regard to black speakers of African American English (AAE) in contact with their white neighbors (e.g., Wolfram, 1971; Rickford, 1985; Myhill, 1986; Bailey, 2001; Cukor-Avila, 2001). Today, the communities that sociolinguists study are more multi-layered than ever, particularly in a metropolis like New York City, thus warranting more complex analyses of the interaction between race and language. Along these lines, Spears (1988) notes the sorely underestimated social and linguistic heterogeneity of the black population in the U.S., which needs to be considered in studies of the language of black speakers. This critique is addressed in work of Winer and Jack (1997), as well as Nero (2001), for example, on the use of Caribbean English in New York City. These two studies broaden our notions of the Englishes spoken in the United States by black people, particularly first generation immigrants. The current research goes one step further with an examination of the English spoken by children of black immigrants to New York City.We focus on second generation Caribbean populations whose parents migrated from the English-speaking Caribbean to the United States, and who commonly refer to themselves as West Indians.
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Reporters' Committee, Convention. "Islam." American Journal of Islam and Society 20, no. 3-4 (October 1, 2003): 230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v20i3-4.1852.
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The city of Chicago hosted lSNA's Fortieth Annual Convention, August 29 - September I, 2003, at the huge McCormick Center. In attendance were the ISNA leadership, convention organizers, representatives from major Muslim community and professional organizations, and leaders of other faith groups."We need to be living Islam, but living Islam in the midst of people who may be hostile," said Ingrid Mattson (vice president, ISNA), addressing the session entitled "Morality, Decency and Benevolence: Values that Endure." This panel initiated the convention's theme of "Islam: Enduring Values for Daily Life," based on Qur'an 16:90. Muzammil Siddiqi (former ISNA president) added: "People will know the truth oflslam from the practices of the Muslims." Another theme, closer unity among the monotheistic faiths, was addressed by Talat Sultan (president, ICNA) and Bob Edgar (general secretary, National Council of Churches).
Abd Al-Hakim Jackson (professor of Islamic studies, University of Michigan), in the session "Muslims at the Crossroads," stated that Muslims need to become indigenous, without sacrificing Islam, and relate to America as a political arrangement and not a culture. He advised the audience to learn from the African-Americans' experiences. Merve Kavakci, a former Turkish Parliament member who was denied her position because of her hijab, reminded the attendees to practice what they preach, especially when "commanding good and forbidding evil." Azizah Ismail, founder of the Justice Party and wife of Anwar fbrahim, the still-incarcerated former deputy prime minister of Malaysia, related her party's experience, called for the need to eliminate injustice, and said that genuine patriotism is criticizing the country and helping to make it better, but in peaceful and legal ways ...
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Jha, Deepak Kumar, Jeky Chanwala, I. Sriram Sandeep, and Nrisingha Dey. "Comprehensive identification and expression analysis of GRAS gene family under abiotic stress and phytohormone treatments in Pearl millet." Functional Plant Biology 48, no. 10 (2021): 1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp21051.
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Pearl millet is an important C4 cereal plant that possesses enormous capacity to survive under extreme climatic conditions. It serves as a major food source for people in arid and semiarid regions of south-east Asia and Africa. GRAS is an important transcription factor gene family of plant that play a critical role in regulating developmental processes, stress responses and phytohormonal signalling. In the present study, we have identified a total number of 57 GRAS members in pearl millet. Phylogenetic analysis clustered all the PgGRAS genes into eight groups (GroupI–GroupVIII). Motif analysis has shown that all the PgGRAS proteins had conserved GRAS domains and gene structure analysis revealed a high structural diversity among PgGRAS genes. Expression patterns of PgGRAS genes in different tissues (leaf, stem and root) and under various abiotic stress (drought, heat and salinity) were determined. Further, expression analysis was also carried out in response to various hormones (SA, MeJA, GA and ABA). The results provide a clear understanding of GRAS transcription factor family in pearl millet, and lay a good foundation for the functional characterisation of GRAS genes in pearl millet.
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Johnson, Gareth J. "African Americans in Science: An Encyclopedia of People and Progress2009228Charles W. Carery. African Americans in Science: An Encyclopedia of People and Progress. Santa‐Barbara, CA and Oxford: ABC‐Clio 2008. , ISBN: 978 1 85109 998 6 £125/$195 2 vols Also available as an e‐book (ISBN 978 1 85109 999 3)." Reference Reviews 23, no. 5 (June 12, 2009): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09504120910969096.
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Dagogo-Jack, Samuel, Nkiru Umekwe, Amy A. Brewer, Ibiye Owei, Vamsee Mupparaju, Renate Rosenthal, and Jim Wan. "Outcome of lifestyle intervention in relation to duration of pre-diabetes: the Pathobiology and Reversibility of Prediabetes in a Biracial Cohort (PROP-ABC) study." BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care 10, no. 2 (March 2022): e002748. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002748.
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IntroductionIn studies that enrolled people with prevalent pre-diabetes of unknown duration, lifestyle intervention (LI) delayed progression to type 2 diabetes (T2D) but did not reverse pre-diabetes in most participants. Here, we assessed the effects of LI among individuals with pre-diabetes of known duration to determine whether outcomes are related to duration of pre-diabetes.Research design and methodsThe Pathobiology and Reversibility of Prediabetes in a Biracial Cohort study initiated LI in subjects with incident pre-diabetes during follow-up of initially normoglycemic African Americans and European Americans with parental T2D. Participants were stratified into those initiating LI after <3, 3–5, or >5 years of pre-diabetes diagnosis. Assessments included anthropometry, body fat, fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose (FPG, 2hPG), and insulin sensitivity and secretion. The outcomes were normal glucose regulation (NGR; ie, normal FPG and 2hPG), persistent pre-diabetes, or T2D. Participants who maintained normal FPG and normal 2hPG levels during follow-up served as the control. The control subjects did not receive lifestyle or other intervention to alter the course of glycemia or body weight.ResultsOf 223 participants (age 53.3±9.28 years, body mass index 30.6±6.70 kg/m2), 72 (control) maintained normoglycemia during follow-up and 138 subjects with incident pre-diabetes initiated LI after 4.08±2.02 years (range 3 months–8.3 years) of diagnosis. Compared with control, LI participants showed decrease in glucose, weight, and body fat; 42.8% reverted to NGR, 50% had persistent pre-diabetes, and 7.2% developed T2D after 5 years. These outcomes were similar across race and pre-diabetes duration strata, but greater glycemic decrease occurred when LI was initiated within 5 years of pre-diabetes diagnosis.ConclusionsNinety-three per cent of adults with parental T2D who initiated LI within 3 months to 8.3 years of developing pre-diabetes did not progress to T2D; nearly half reverted to NGR.Trial registration numberNCT02027571.
Books on the topic "Abe (African people)"
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Wadley, Lyn. Later Stone age hunters and gatherers of the southern Transvaal: Social and ecological interpretation. Oxford, England: B.A.R., 1987.
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Horton, Mark (Mark Chatwin). The Swahili corridor and the southern African iron age. [Nairobi]: Dept. of History, University of Nairobi, 1987.
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Man on the Kafue: The archaeology and history of the Itezhitezhi area of Zambia. New York: L. Barber Press, 1985.
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Onyefulu, Ifeoma. Ogbo: Sharing life in an African village. San Diego, Calif: Gulliver Books, 1996.
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Ayoh'Omidire, Félix. Akọ̀gbádùn: ABC da língua, cultura e civilização iorubanas. [Salvador, Brazil]: EDUFBA, 2004.
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Grobbelaar, J. A. The aging of the South African population: Implications for business. Stellenbosch, South Africa: Institute for Futures Research, University of Stellenbosch, 1986.
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Ogbo: Sharing life in an African village. San Diego, Calif: Gulliver Books, 1996.
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Gleason, Judith Illsley. Oya: In praise of an African goddess. [San Francisco, Calif.]: HarperSanFrancisco, 1992.
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Political organization in Nigeria since the late Stone Age: A history of the Igbo people. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
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United States. Economics and Statistics Administration. and United States. Bureau of the Census., eds. Population aging in Sub-Saharan Africa: Demographic dimensions 2006. Washington, D.C: Census Bureau, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Abe (African people)"
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Chamberlin, Jordan, and James Sumberg. "Are young people transforming the rural economy?" In Youth and the rural economy in Africa: hard work and hazard, 92–124. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245011.0006.
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Abstract This chapter uses household survey data to address three questions: How might we think about the notion that the youth bring something new to farming? What aspects of young people's farming are visible with existing empirical windows? Do the young in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) farm differently? The analysis provides some support for many of the stylized assertions about the youth in African agriculture. Young households are associated with marginally higher propensities for engaging with intensification practices and commercial orientations. However, the very limited magnitude of these age effects suggests much caution should be exercised in making the argument that young people's inherent vim and vigour are important and underutilized assets for agricultural growth and transformation in SSA.
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McNamee, Terence, and Monde Muyangwa. "Conclusion." In The State of Peacebuilding in Africa, 415–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46636-7_23.
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Abstract Reflecting on the key insights and cross-cutting themes to emerge from the book, The Conclusion observes that the challenge of how to rebuild society following conflict has not become easier over time. It suggests that at thematic and country-level, the sheer complexity of the task at hand is understated, nor is their clarity on what successful peacebuilding looks like. Should we be guided by whether a society has been able to return to stability, which permits people to get on with their lives? Or must it entail some resolution of the underlying causes of conflict? The Conclusion affirms that more work needs to be done in three common areas of concern in peacebuilding worldwide—poor understanding of context, lack of local ownership and leadership, and inadequate collaboration—as well as several areas specific to Africa, notably is the mismatch between the pan-African ideal of self-reliance and the heavy dependency on external (non-African) funding.
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Roos, Vera, Jaco Hoffman, Mianda Erasmus, Elizabeth Bothma, and Leoni van der Vaart. "Older South Africans’ Cell Phone Use in Diverse Settings: A Baseline Assessment." In Age-Inclusive ICT Innovation for Service Delivery in South Africa, 153–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94606-7_6.
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AbstractInterventions through Information and Communication Technology (ICT) (eInterventions), particularly cell phones, are increasingly regarded as feasible alternatives to address older individuals’ access to social and health care and services. Limited documented evidence of older South Africans’ cell phone use inhibits the full relevant operationalizing of eInterventions. This chapter sets out to present baseline evidence of a cohort of older persons’ cell phone use in South Africa. Two questionnaires, iGNiTe and we-DELIVER, were developed to obtain baseline data of older persons’ cell phone use over a period of six years. Reliability and validity of scales measuring latent factors were investigated using criterion sampling to select older South Africans (n = 430) from four communities (Lokaleng, Ikageng, Potchefstroom, and Sharpeville) in two provinces—North West and Gauteng—which represented varying levels of living standards, educational attainment, and household size. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS 26, the jamovi project, and Mplus 8.6. The study population reported high access to and ownership of cell phones, with connectivity obtained primarily on a pay-as-you-go basis. Although these individuals felt that they were competent to use their phones, they preferred older generation (pushbutton) devices. They mainly used the basic features to maintain contact with older and younger people. Moreover, their competence in using cell phones, although limited, was facilitated through the assistance of younger people, highlighting the importance of intergenerational relations. The baseline findings informed principles and suggestions for planning and implementing eInterventions.
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Flynn, Justin, and James Sumberg. "Are Africa's rural youth abandoning agriculture?" In Youth and the rural economy in Africa: hard work and hazard, 43–57. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245011.0003.
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Abstract This chapter presents evidence concerning young people's engagement with the rural economy in Africa, and uses this evidence to ask whether young people are indeed leaving agriculture en masse, and if so, what they are doing instead. The focus is on broad patterns of engagement, and how these are affected by gender, age and other markers of social difference. The discussion is framed by established debates around the emergence and importance of the rural non-farm economy (RNFE), linkages between farm and non-farm activities, and the changing nature of rural livelihoods - all set against a backdrop of structural transformation.
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Fitzsimons, William. "Social Responses to Climate Change in a Politically Decentralized Context: A Case Study from East African History." In Perspectives on Public Policy in Societal-Environmental Crises, 145–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94137-6_10.
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AbstractOver the past 3,000 years, speakers of the Ateker family of languages in East Africa chose various strategies to respond to periods of climate change including the end of the African Humid Period and the Medieval Climate Anomaly. Some Ateker people made wholesale changes to food production, adopting transhumant pastoralism or shifting staple crops, while others migrated to wetter lands. All borrowed new economic and social idea from neighbors. These climate-induced changes in turn had profound social and political ramifications marked by an investment in resilient systems for decentralizing power, such as age-classes and neighborhood congresses. By integrating evidence from historical linguistics and oral traditions with paleoclimatological data, this paper explores how a group of stateless societies responded to climate change. It also considers whether these cases complicate concepts such as “collapse” and “resilience” that are derived from analyses of mostly state-centric climate histories.
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Popoola, Kehinde Olayinka, Anne Jerneck, and Sunday Adesola Ajayi. "Climate Variability and Rural Livelihood Security: Impacts and Implications." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 423–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_200.
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AbstractIn a typical Nigerian village, the majority of the population comprises old people who are mostly economically unproductive due to reduced or loss of physical strength brought about by ageing and ill health. Many of these rural old people still work, and do so outside the formal sector, and are particularly susceptible to the effects of climate variability and change. Few studies have reported on climate change and the rural aged and there is a research gap as regards rural elderly peoples’ perception of climate variability impact on them. Since little is known about their perception of climate variability impacts and implications on the rural aged especially in relation to their livelihood activities in Sub-Saharan Africa, this chapter therefore examined the impact of climate variability on the livelihood security of the rural aged in different ecological zones of Nigeria.Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used for data collection. Qualitative data were obtained through interviews with four aged and four aged women selected purposively in each rural community and analyzed using Content Analysis Method. Quantitative data were obtained through structured questionnaire administered to an aged male and an aged female population available in selected houses (the aged are people 60 years and over in age) in selected rural communities in selected ecological zones of Nigeria. Where there was no combination of the two (aged men and aged women), either of the two was also sufficient.It was discovered that the ageds’ experiences of climate variability impact relate to the prevailing climate variability characteristic of each ecological zones. The impact on their livelihood in these zones is seen in terms of livestock death, lack of pastures for herds, scarcity of water, pest invasion, delayed planting crop failure, need for irrigation, water logging, drowning of small animals, human and animal illness. This means that planning decisions related to climate change issues should take cognizance of the views of the aged populations especially of those residing in rural areas as they are the most affected by the impact.
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Crossouard, Barbara, Máiréad Dunne, and Carolina Szyp. "The social landscape of education and work in rural sub-Saharan Africa." In Youth and the rural economy in Africa: hard work and hazard, 125–40. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245011.0007.
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Abstract This chapter draws on qualitative research into youth livelihoods in four sub-Saharan African countries that has addressed the local social dynamics of work and education from the perspectives of young people themselves. Firstly, it illuminates the extent to which the youth in the four different national contexts value education. It then turns to young people's lived experiences of juggling both schooling and work from an early age, highlighting the wide disparity between idealized notions of 'transition' and the complexities of youth livelihoods. Finally, it explores the gendered dimensions of this social landscape, and how these produce different pressures that force young women in particular out of education. The chapter concludes with implications for young people's current and future engagement with the rural economy, and for education policy.
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Bongaarts, John, and Dennis Hodgson. "Does Fertility Decline Stimulate Development?" In Fertility Transition in the Developing World, 85–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11840-1_6.
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AbstractAs the fertility transition proceeds, women have fewer births which in turn leads to fewer young people in subsequent years. The resulting changes in the population age structure include an increase in the proportion of the population of working age. The first dividend from lower fertility refers to an acceleration of growth in GDP per capita as the proportion of the working-age population rises. The benefits can last for decades but are ultimately transitory. The second dividend follows the first and refers to a rise in savings and investment in human and physical capital which raise worker productivity. The second dividend is typically larger than the first dividend and lasts longer. The magnitude and duration of these dividends vary from country to country and depend on the magnitude and pace of fertility decline and the ability if a county to take advantage of the changes in age structure. Over the six decades from 1955 to 2015, the first and second dividend together were highest in Asia and N. Africa (where the fertility transition was completed quickly and early) and lowest in SS Africa (where the fertility transition was slower and later). Projections to 2075 expect the situation to be reversed in the future: Asia’s dividend will likely be smaller than Africa’s. Although much of the contemporary literature on population and development focuses on the demographic dividend, there are other important benefits from fertility decline: the improvement of health, the empowerment of women, the government’s increased ability to maintain public capital (e.g. schools, clinics, infrastructure), increased political stability, an improved environment, and a slower depletion of natural resources.
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Roos, Vera, Anél du Plessis, and Jaco Hoffman. "Municipal Service Delivery to Older Persons: Contextualizing Opportunities for ICT Interventions." In Age-Inclusive ICT Innovation for Service Delivery in South Africa, 29–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94606-7_2.
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AbstractThis chapter has a threefold aim: (1) to contextualize older persons’ inclusivity at municipal level as outlined in Goal 11 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and international, African regional and South African law and policy frameworks; (2) to obtain an assessment of service delivery by local government, and (3) to reflect on gaps in service delivery and offer suggestions. Stratified sampling was used and information obtained through semi-structured interviews, emailed responses and focus groups from representatives (n = 17) on three local government levels, NGO representatives (n = 5), and officials from the South African Local Government Association (SALGA) and the Department of Social Development (n = 26). A sample of older persons (n = 302) from a rural area and two large towns in North West and Gauteng provinces completed questionnaires and participated in semi-structured interviews (n = 14) and focus groups (n = 22). Findings indicated compromised service delivery related to local government officials’ systemic, managerial, and capacity challenges. Municipal services were either non-existent or age-inappropriate. Local government’s unresponsiveness leaves older people at risk—particularly those who lack social networks. We present suggestions to address the disconnect between the intent of laws and policies for inclusivity and municipal service delivery, and the service delivery experiences of older persons.
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Roos, Vera, Jaco Hoffman, and Choja Oduaran. "Intergenerational Experiences around Older Persons’ Cell Phone Use in Formal Public Domains." In Age-Inclusive ICT Innovation for Service Delivery in South Africa, 179–204. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94606-7_7.
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AbstractFormal intergenerational programming is a neglected aspect of social development in sub-Saharan Africa. This chapter describes interactional experiences between older and younger people around older persons’ cell phone use, situated within formal intergenerational activities in public domains. Qualitative data from older persons (responses to an open-ended question, 14 semi-structured interviews, and 22 focus groups), and from student fieldworkers (younger people unrelated to them) (135 written reflections and two focus groups (n = 25)), were analysed thematically. We found that, before the intergenerational activity, ambivalent perceptions and accompanying tensions were typical, indicating prejudice and intergroup differences on both sides. Participation in formal activities, however, brought mutually rewarding experiences, with expressions and satisfaction of needs (affirmation) and social goals (learning about cell phones). Intergenerational interactions are embedded in broader socio-economic and digital environments and informed by sociocultural norms. Although those in the private domain were not studied specifically, they emerged spontaneously and revealed ambivalence, tension and ineffective relational dynamics as well as supportive and optimal relations. Our intergenerational findings demonstrated that promoting older individuals’ optimal use of technology would require some form of formal intergenerational programming facilitated through effective interactions between older and younger people, which would also bring satisfying experiences to both groups.
Conference papers on the topic "Abe (African people)"
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Hoffman, Danie, and Elzane Van Eck. "Millenials: Profiling the South African quantity surveyors of the future." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002668.
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The future growth and prosperity of an organisation or in this case of the professional discipline of quantity surveying in South Africa have strong links with effective succes-sion planning. The next generation will be measured on how well they will be able to build on the successes and stature of the preceding generations. The success and prosperi-ty that the South Africa quantity surveying profession will enjoy during the next decade or more rests on the shoulders of the current generation of new entrants and young profes-sionals recently established in the profession. This younger generation of professionals also belongs to the age group often referred to as millennials.Millennials are people born between 1980 – 2000 and who are therefore currently be-tween 21 to 41 years of age. In 2020, approximately 60% of all registered quantity sur-veyors in South Africa were millennials. This cohort will become the future leaders and visionaries to carry the profession of quantity surveying into the future.Contrasting to previous generations the millennials have grown up and were educated and trained in the electronic and digital age. Their differing roots may carry with it chal-lenges that may hamper effective communication with the current leadership of the pro-fession. The better the current leaders are able to know and understand the millennials in their fold, the more likely a successfull passing of the batten to the next generation will become. This study is based on a questionnaire from the Association of South African Quantity Surveyors, assisted by the University of Pretoria. The questionnaire was distributed on a national bases to all the South African quantity surveyors on the data base. The study will evaluate various aspects that describe the profile of South African mil-lennial quantity surveyors. The aspects that will be compared include the age, gender, race, and locational spread of the millenails who participated in the survey. Additional aspects such as their academic qualifications, nationality, registration status with the Council of South African Quantity Surveyors, and their length of term of current em-ployment will be used to provide a reasonably detailed description of the younger genera-tion of South African quantity surveyors.The above information will be of value to the Association of South African Quantity Surveyors, to the management of quantity surveying firms and also to institutions such as universities that offer accredited academic programmes for the training of quantity sur-veyors. The findings can also be shared with quantity surveying professions across inter-national borders to compare against the profiles of their millennial cohorts of quantity surveyors.
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Somayajula, Harish. "De-Carbonisation Through Energy Management." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211098-ms.
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Borouge, established in 1998 in Abu Dhabi by the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) and Austria based Borealis, is a leading petrochemical company that provides innovative and differentiated polyolefin solutions. Combining the strengths and experience of its majority shareholders ADNOC and Borealis, Borouge serves a wide range of industries including energy, infrastructure, mobility, advanced packaging, healthcare and agriculture. As a strategic and successful partnership at Borouge, we employ more than 3,100 people with over 50 nationalities, serving customers in over 50 countries across the Middle East, Asia and Africa. Abu Dhabi Polymers Company Limited (Borouge) ("ADP"), headquartered in Abu Dhabi and the sales and marketing joint venture, Borouge Pte Limited ("PTE"), headquartered in Singapore. ADP consists of the main manufacturing activity of Borouge, whereas PTE consists of the marketing arm of the Borouge business. Our petrochemicals and polyolefins manufacturing plant is located in Ruwais at a distance of about 250 km west of Abu Dhabi City. The facility is now one of the largest fully integrated single-site polyolefins complex in the world, with an annual capacity to produce 5 million tonnes of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). The complex is also the largest Borstar® process technology-based plant in the world, providing enhanced innovative bimodal polymers for a broad range of polymer applications. We remained on track to increase our production through Borouge 4, the next mega-project expansion that will significantly increase our production capacity by 2025. Moreover, we have already started-up our fifth polypropylene plant (PP5) in Ruwais.
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Parisi, Christina, Yan Wang, Deepthi Varma, Krishna Vaddiparti, Gladys Ibañez, Liset Cruz Carrillo, and Robert Cook. "Changes in Marijuana Use Frequency Among People with HIV During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multi-Methods Exploration." In 2022 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.02.000.24.
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Background: People with HIV (PWH) report unique reasons for using marijuana. Similarly, they report unique concerns resulting from marijuana use. Assessing and understanding the reasons driving marijuana use among PWH could provide critical insights into how to help maximize the therapeutic benefits and minimize potential harms of marijuana use. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the access and use of substances globally. This study describes changes in patterns of marijuana use and reasons for those changes among PWH during the pandemic and implications for these findings in the future. The objectives of this study are to: 1) describe self-reported changes in marijuana use frequency during the COVID-19 pandemic among a cohort of PWH in Florida and 2) understand the reasons behind these changes through an analysis of open-ended qualitative questions. Methods: Data are cross-sectional and come from questions in a follow-up phone survey administered to a prospective cohort of PWH (75% current marijuana use) in Florida between May 2020-March 2021. Participants who used marijuana were asked about changes in their frequency of marijuana use due to the pandemic using a closed-ended quantitative survey and reasons for any reported changes in a qualitative open-ended question. Descriptive statistics and significance testing were completed in SAS 9.4. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Among the total sample of 227 PWH (mean age 50, 50% men, 69% Black/African American, 14% Hispanic/Latino); 15% reported a decreased frequency of marijuana, 9% reported increased frequency, and 76% reported no change. The most common reason for increasing the frequency of marijuana use was to reduce the increased anxiety or stress experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants also reported that marijuana helped them cope with self-reported depression and other negative life events and helped reduce boredom while their regular activities were restricted. Concerns about the impacts of marijuana on COVID-19 risk, using the pandemic as an opportunity to reduce or quit marijuana use, and issues with obtaining marijuana were common reasons for decreased use. Additionally, some participants reported that a primary reason for using marijuana was the social aspect of using in a group, and without being able to gather they were less motivated to use, contributing to decreased use. Conclusions: Nearly one-quarter of the participants had changes in their marijuana use frequency during the pandemic, and most of the participants with a change decreased their frequency of use. The changes in the frequency of marijuana use experienced by PWH during the pandemic might continue and prevent a return to “normal,” so it is important to understand how to best address the new needs of PWH who use marijuana. Understanding the reasons behind changes in marijuana use patterns in this population—and what demographics, attitudes, and beliefs might differentiate those with increases, decreases, or no change in marijuana use—can allow researchers and providers to make greater connections between HIV-specific health outcomes and marijuana use. These findings provide specific targets for interventions to maintain or even improve health among PWH during public health emergencies and beyond.
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Garzón Osuna, Diego. "Adaptación cristiana de las defensas de la Alcazaba de Almería durante el siglo XVI." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11434.
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Christian adaptation of the defences of the Alcazaba of Almeria during the sixteenth centuryAfter the capitulation of the nasrid city of Almería (1489), the new Castilian administration was able to verify the state of ruin of its defences due to the earthquake of 1487, ordering the rapid construction of a castle on the highest point of the battered hispano-muslim Alcazaba. Between 1490 and 1502 the castle was built, incorporating in its design the most effective systems of the time to repel an attack with gunpowder. The typological references of this military installation correspond to the School of Valladolid; with a long tradition in the construction of castles. In parallel with the completion of these works, the Catholic Monarchs ordered in 1501 to armor the defence of the coasts of the Kingdom of Granada, articulating and extending the medieval system of watchtowers scattered along the coast, to counteract the fragility of the annexed territories, the mestizaje of its people, and the proximity of Africa. Thus concluded the works in the Castle, the works were centred in the repair of the walls of the city, action that will extend to the fences of the Alcazaba (1526). Towards 1547, attacks by turkish and berber pirates followed one another on the Almeria coast in the face of the defencelessness of the population. These incursions led to concern about the proper conservation of military installations. As a consequence of this, the old Alcazaba was adapted to the distant war offered by the use of gunpowder. The first interventions were designed by Luis de Machuca, architect of the Palace of Carlos V in the Alhambra. This accommodation included the construction of the bastions of the Campana (1550) and the repair of the doors of Justice and the Guard (1565), completing the program due to the proximity of the War with the Moriscos, with the construction of the bastions of the San Matías and Espolón (1568).
Reports on the topic "Abe (African people)"
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Oosterom, Marjoke, and James Sumberg. Are Young People in Rural Sub-Saharan Africa Caught in Waithood? Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.039.
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The idea that large numbers of young people in sub-Saharan Africa are stuck in waithood – trapped between childhood and adulthood – dominates international development policy discourse. The belief is that because there are no jobs, young people cannot attain social markers of adulthood. Waithood has proved itself to be a very attractive way to frame debates and promote youth employment interventions. But research challenges two aspects of the waithood story: that young people are inactive; and that work is the only route into adulthood. Caution and nuance are required to prevent waithood becoming another catchy term that does little to improve policy.
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Hart, Tim, J. Mary Wickenden, Stephen Thompson, Gary Pienaar, Tinashe Rubaba, and Narnia Bohler-Muller. Literature Review to Support a Survey to Understand the Socio-economic, Wellbeing and Human Rights Related Experiences of People with Disabilities During Covid-19 Lockdown in South Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.012.
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COVID-19 pandemic and associated national responses have had ramifications for societies around the world, including South Africa. The marginalisation of people with disabilities is well documented in pre-COVID times, and emerging evidence suggests that the crisis has made this worse, as well as presenting new challenges for people with disabilities. This paper presents a review of published research and grey literature of relevance to the proven or anticipated socio-economic, wellbeing and human right related impacts of COVID-19 on people with disabilities in South Africa and other contexts. Its purpose is to summarise evidence to inform a study on the experiences of South Africans with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic and the development of an improved inclusive framework for future management of such crises in South Africa. After a brief introduction, the paper is structured around four main sections. Context is provided by considering COVID-19 and disability both globally and in Africa. Then the literature focused on Humanitarian Disaster Risk Reduction and disability inclusion is discussed. Finally the South African policy and legislation environment on disability and humanitarian action is explored. The review finds that globally there is a limited but growing body of work on COVID-19 and disability. There is a particular dearth of evidence focusing specifically on Africa. The evidence that does exist tends either to be focused on a few particular countries or form part of large global surveys. Much of the global level grey literature published early in the pandemic and subsequently anticipates exacerbated negative experiences for people with disabilities, including exclusion from services, stigma and discrimination and lack of inclusive approaches to relief and support by governments and others. Advisory materials, sometimes focussed on specific subgroups, are generally in agreement about calling for a universally inclusive and disability aware approach to pandemic mitigation across settings and sectors. The limited primary research on COVID-19 and disability is mostly focussed on high income settings and or populations with particular health concerns.
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Sumberg, James. Youth and the Rural Economy in Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.043.
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How do young people across Africa engage with the rural economy? And what are the implications for how they build livelihoods and futures for themselves, and for rural areas and policy? These questions are closely linked to the broader debate about Africa’s employment crisis, and specifically youth employment, which has received ever-increasing policy and public attention over the past two decades. Indeed, employment and the idea of ‘decent work for all’ is central to the Sustainable Development Goals to which national governments and development partners across sub-Saharan Africa have publicly subscribed. It is in this context that between 2017 and 2020, a consortium led by the Institute of Development Studies, with funding from the International Fund for Agricultural Development, undertook research on young people’s engagement with the rural economy in SSA.
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Chamberlin, Jordan, and James Sumberg. Youth, Land and Rural Livelihoods in Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.040.
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Rural economic transformations in Africa are generating new opportunities to engage with agricultural value chains. However, many young people are said to be locked out of such opportunities because of limited access to farmland, which pushes them out of agriculture and rural areas, and/or hinders their autonomy. This framing of the ‘land problem’ imperfectly reflects rural young people’s livelihoods in much of sub-Saharan Africa, and therefore does not provide a solid basis for policy. Policy-relevant discussions must consider the diversity of rural contexts, broader land dynamics and more nuanced depictions of youth engagement with the rural economy.
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Sopein-Mann, Oluwafunmike, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. Medicines Regulation in West Africa: Current State and Opportu-nities. Purdue University, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317443.
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Ndomondo-Sigonda et al. (2017) observed that there is scarcity of information on human resources (person-nel devoted to regulation of medicines) in the domain of medicines regulation in the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The published information on medicines regulation by the National Medicines Regulatory Authorities (NMRAs) in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) region are no longer current and consistent with the current realities in the NMRAs. In order to reveal this occurrence, show the trends that exist over the years and make appropriate recommendations, data were collected and compared from 2005, 2010 and 2017 research reports on seven regulatory features of the fifteen Members States of ECOWAS. The re-sults show that there was missing information per regulatory feature and country. There was also an overall increasing trend in the number of NMRAs in the region that showed progress with respect to the measured regulatory features - Autonomy (Authority and Legal form), Marketing Authorization), GMP inspection, Quality Control, Quality Management System, Information Management System and Harmonization and International cooperation. People of Africa have a valuable story to tell as it relates to medicines regulation. This report is written by a West African from the perspective of a West African involved in the study and practice of medi-cines regulation by the NMRAs in the ECOWAS.
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Sumberg, James. Youth and Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa: Time to Reset Policy. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.038.
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Agriculture is widely promoted as the only economic sector capable of providing employment to the millions of rural Africans entering the labour market in the coming decades. Two competing visions vie for attention. The first is of innovative, entrepreneurial youth driving rural transformation; the second is of agriculture providing young people with little more than survival opportunities. Between these two visions are the young people themselves, actively building their livelihoods, which most often include some engagement with agriculture. Policy interventions need to better consider how young people engage with the rural economy and how they imagine their futures.
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Moore, Mick. Glimpses of Fiscal States in Sub-Saharan Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.022.
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There is a widespread perception that taxing in sub-Saharan Africa has been and remains fraught with problems or government failure. This is not generally true. For more than a century, colonial administrations and independent states have steadily developed the capacity to routinely collect more substantial revenues than one might expect in a low-income region. The two main historical dimensions of this collection capacity were (a) powerful, centralized bureaucracies focused on achieving revenue collection targets and (b) large, taxable international trade sectors. In recent decades, those centralized bureaucracies have to some extent been reformed such that in structure and procedure they resemble more closely tax administrations in OECD countries. More strikingly, nearly all states have adopted VAT and found it to be a very powerful revenue collection instrument. However, the tax share of GDP has been broadly constant for several decades, and it will be hard to increase it. It is difficult for African governments to effectively tax transnational corporations, especially in the mining and energy sectors, which are of growing importance. Tax administrations continue to approach richer Africans with a light touch, and to exaggerate the potential for taxing small-scale (‘informal’) enterprises. The revenue operations of sub-national governments are often opaque. Ordinary people often pay large sums in ‘informal taxes’ that are generally regressive in impact. And the standard direction of travel in the reform of tax policy and administration is not appropriate to those large areas, especially in the Sahel, that are afflicted by internal and cross-border armed conflicts.
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Hassell, James M., Salome A. Bukachi, Dishon M. Muloi, Emi Takahashi, and Lydia Franklinos. The Natural Environment and Health in Africa. World Wildlife Fund and the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/10088/111281.
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Much of recent human development has come at the expense of Nature - undermining ecosystems, fragmenting habitats, reducing biodiversity, and increasing our exposure and vulnerability to emerging diseases. For example, as we push deeper into tropical forests, and convert more land to agriculture and human settlements, the rate at which people encounter new pathogens that may trigger the next public health, social and economic crisis, is likely to increase. Expanding and strengthening our understanding of the links between nature and human health is especially important in Africa, where nature brings economic prosperity and wellbeing to more than a billion people. Pandemics such as COVID are just one of a growing number of health challenges that humanity is facing as a result of our one-sided and frequently destructive relationship with nature. This report aims to inform professionals and decision-makers on how health outcomes emerge from human interactions with the natural world and identify how efforts to preserve the natural environment and sustainably manage natural resources could have an impact on human and animal health. While the report focuses on the African continent, it will also be of relevance to other areas of the world facing similar environmental pressures.
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Lazonick, William, Philip Moss, and Joshua Weitz. Equality Denied: Tech and African Americans. Institute for New Economic Thinking, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp177.
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Thus far in reporting the findings of our project “Fifty Years After: Black Employment in the United States Under the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission,” our analysis of what has happened to African American employment over the past half century has documented the importance of manufacturing employment to the upward socioeconomic mobility of Blacks in the 1960s and 1970s and the devastating impact of rationalization—the permanent elimination of blue-collar employment—on their socioeconomic mobility in the 1980s and beyond. The upward mobility of Blacks in the earlier decades was based on the Old Economy business model (OEBM) with its characteristic “career-with-one-company” (CWOC) employment relations. At its launching in 1965, the policy approach of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission assumed the existence of CWOC, providing corporate employees, Blacks included, with a potential path for upward socioeconomic mobility over the course of their working lives by gaining access to productive opportunities and higher pay through stable employment within companies. It was through these internal employment structures that Blacks could potentially overcome barriers to the long legacy of job and pay discrimination. In the 1960s and 1970s, the generally growing availability of unionized semiskilled jobs gave working people, including Blacks, the large measure of employment stability as well as rising wages and benefits characteristic of the lower levels of the middle class. The next stage in this process of upward socioeconomic mobility should have been—and in a nation as prosperous as the United States could have been—the entry of the offspring of the new Black blue-collar middle class into white-collar occupations requiring higher educations. Despite progress in the attainment of college degrees, however, Blacks have had very limited access to the best employment opportunities as professional, technical, and administrative personnel at U.S. technology companies. Since the 1980s, the barriers to African American upward socioeconomic mobility have occurred within the context of the marketization (the end of CWOC) and globalization (accessibility to transnational labor supplies) of high-tech employment relations in the United States. These new employment relations, which stress interfirm labor mobility instead of intrafirm employment structures in the building of careers, are characteristic of the rise of the New Economy business model (NEBM), as scrutinized in William Lazonick’s 2009 book, Sustainable Prosperity in the New Economy? Business Organization and High-Tech Employment in the United States (Upjohn Institute). In this paper, we analyze the exclusion of Blacks from STEM (science, technology, engineering, math) occupations, using EEO-1 employment data made public, voluntarily and exceptionally, for various years between 2014 and 2020 by major tech companies, including Alphabet (Google), Amazon, Apple, Cisco, Facebook (now Meta), Hewlett Packard Enterprise, HP Inc., Intel, Microsoft, PayPal, Salesforce, and Uber. These data document the vast over-representation of Asian Americans and vast under-representation of African Americans at these tech companies in recent years. The data also shine a light on the racial, ethnic, and gender composition of large masses of lower-paid labor in the United States at leading U.S. tech companies, including tens of thousands of sales workers at Apple and hundreds of thousands of laborers & helpers at Amazon. In the cases of Hewlett-Packard, IBM, and Intel, we have access to EEO-1 data from earlier decades that permit in-depth accounts of the employment transitions that characterized the demise of OEBM and the rise of NEBM. Given our findings from the EEO-1 data analysis, our paper then seeks to explain the enormous presence of Asian Americans and the glaring absence of African Americans in well-paid employment under NEBM. A cogent answer to this question requires an understanding of the institutional conditions that have determined the availability of qualified Asians and Blacks to fill these employment opportunities as well as the access of qualified people by race, ethnicity, and gender to the employment opportunities that are available. Our analysis of the racial/ethnic determinants of STEM employment focuses on a) stark differences among racial and ethnic groups in educational attainment and performance relevant to accessing STEM occupations, b) the decline in the implementation of affirmative-action legislation from the early 1980s, c) changes in U.S. immigration policy that favored the entry of well-educated Asians, especially with the passage of the Immigration Act of 1990, and d) consequent social barriers that qualified Blacks have faced relative to Asians and whites in accessing tech employment as a result of a combination of statistical discrimination against African Americans and their exclusion from effective social networks.
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Hart, Tim, Mary Wickenden, Stephen Thompson, Yul Derek Davids, Gary Pienaar, Mercy Ngungu, Yamkela Majikijela, et al. Socio-Economic Wellbeing and Human Rights-Related Experiences of People with Disabilities in Covid-19 Times in South Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.013.
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During the early months of the global pandemic the international Disability Rights Monitor group survey illustrated the circumstances of persons with disabilities around the world. Gradually literature on the situation for persons with disabilities in sub-Saharan Africa started to emerge. As members of an informal network looking at issues affecting this group, some of the authors of this report realised that much of the research done was not specifically focusing on their perceptions during the pandemic and that it was not using the WG-SS questions. Having noticed a gap in the type of data being collected by other scholars and the media, this small informal network identified a need for a survey that would look at both experiences and perceptions of persons with disabilities focussing on lived experiences of socioeconomic impacts and access to human rights during the pandemic in South Africa. This report summarises some of the key findings of the study, which was conducted on-line using Google Forms from the 1 July to 31 August 2021. All percentages displayed are rounded to the nearest percent and this may affect what is displayed in charts. While we cite some literature in this report, a separate literature review was written by the team, and was used to guide the research and focus the questions.