Journal articles: 'Abdomen – Tomography'

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Bresler, Michael Jay. "Computed tomography of the abdomen." Annals of Emergency Medicine 15, no. 3 (March 1986): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(86)80566-2.

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Moss, Albert A. "Computed tomography of the abdomen." Gastroenterology 89, no. 3 (September 1985): 699–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(85)90483-4.

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Federle, Michael P. "The acute abdomen: Computed tomography." RadioGraphics 5, no. 2 (March 1985): 307–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiographics.5.2.307.

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Johnston, Luke R., Shabnam Hafiz, Arnold Raizon, and Jack A. Sava. "Loss of abdominal domain: Is it the abdominal wall or contents?" Trauma 20, no. 3 (June 15, 2017): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460408617714822.

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Background Intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome are significant sources of morbidity and mortality in the post-surgical and trauma patient. Several anatomic variables may contribute to the inability to close the abdomen such as retraction of the abdominal wall and intra-abdominal volume changes. This study seeks to quantify these changes and determined which predominates. Methods Retrospective analysis of computed tomography scans of patients whose abdomens could not be closed secondary to intra-abdominal hypertension. Patients were included who had computed tomography scans available with both an open abdomen and after primary abdominal wall closure. Abdominal wall lengths along with total abdominal, intra-peritoneal, and retroperitoneal cross-sectional areas were measured at two anatomic levels. Results Seven patients’ computed tomography scans were evaluated. The closed abdominal wall lengths averaged 2.3 cm and 2.1 cm longer after closure at each point of measurement (p = 0.002 and p = 0.03). Total abdominal cross-sectional area decreased post-closure by 14% for both measurements (p = 0.009 and p = 0.04). Conclusion Measurable increases in intra-abdominal cross-sectional area and decreases in abdominal wall length both contribute to the inability to safely close the abdomen in patients with intra-abdominal hypertension. These findings support the use of multimodal techniques in the management of the open abdomen.

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Yoon, Y. W., S. K. Baik, J. Y. Lee, H. Y. Choi, and B. K. Kim. "Computed tomography of the traumatized abdomen." Journal of the Korean Radiological Society 25, no. 1 (1989): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3348/jkrs.1989.25.1.75.

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Rafiq, Suhail, Inayat Ellahi, Shafqat Shabir, and Sheikh Shahnawaz. "Multidetector computerized tomography in acute abdomen." International Surgery Journal 6, no. 7 (June 29, 2019): 2353. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20192954.

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Background: Acute abdominal pain is a common chief complaint in patients examined reporting to emergency department. The sensitivity of CT is 96% in acute abdomen. In order to decrease the mortality and morbidity rate, an efficient and correct diagnosis should be given for these patients. When investigations, like USG examinations are inconclusive, in such cases, multi-detector computer tomography is a widely accepted primary investigation of choice in patients coming with intense abdominal pain. The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of MDCT in diagnosis of acute abdomen; document the sensitivity and specificity of MDCT; the incidence of different pathologies presenting as acute abdomen.Methods: Prospective study on 64 subjects with acute pain abdomen was subjected to MDCT in GMC Srinagar. The duration of this study was from January to May 2019.Results: About 36 patients were females and 28 were males. Youngest patient had an age of 7 years to eldest patient having age of 79 years. Most common causes of acute abdomen were acute pancreatitis in 21.8, acute appendicitis in 15.6% and bowel obstruction in12.5%. In our study the sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictable values of MDCT were 95.0%, 75%%, 98.3% and 60% respectively.Conclusions: We conclude that MDCT has high sensitivity and accuracy rate. In inconclusive cases, MDCT is recommended to arrive at a definitive diagnosis. The results obtained in the study were comparable to pioneer studies conducted worldwide.

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BALTHAZAR, EMIL J. "Computed Tomography in the Acute Abdomen." Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology 13, no. 26 (1990): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00219246-199013260-00001.

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Leschka, S., H. Alkadhi, S. Wildermuth, and B. Marincek. "Multidetector computed tomography of acute abdomen." Clinical Imaging 30, no. 3 (May 2006): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinimag.2006.01.014.

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Nair, A. "Axial computed tomography of the abdomen." BMJ 343, jul13 2 (July 13, 2011): d4304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d4304.

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Babu, Merin, and Rohini Avantsa. "Multidetector Computed Tomography Evaluation of Omental Infarct." Journal of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology 3, S 01 (February 10, 2020): S1—S6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3402631.

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Abstract Background Omental infarction is a rare cause of acute pain abdomen and is difficult to diagnose clinically due to nonspecific clinical features. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) imaging of the abdomen is essential for the diagnosis of omental infarction and is also crucial to rule out appendicitis and other causes of acute pain abdomen. Objective The main purpose of this article is to describe the MDCT features of omental infarction in clinching the diagnosis and differentiating it from its clinical mimics. Methods CT findings of five patients with diagnosed omental infarction were retrospectively reviewed from 2014 to 2019. All patients presented with pain abdomen on the right side of the abdomen with various clinical diagnoses. MDCT was done for diagnosis and features evaluated include size of the lesion, location, relation to colon, and findings that were correlated to clinical presentation and etiology. Results Age distribution ranged between 36 and 55 years with female predominance. Out of five cases, one was secondary omental infarction due to inguinal hernia causing omental torsion and the other four cases were of unknown etiology. Three cases were managed conservatively and the other two cases were surgically managed. Three lesions were in right iliac fossa and two lesions were in the supraumbilical region on the right side. Conclusion Omental infarction should be considered important in the differential diagnosis of acute pain abdomen mimicking acute appendicitis and requires CT abdomen to establish diagnosis. Knowledge of typical imaging findings and application for diagnosis are important, as it is a self-limiting disease and can avoid unnecessary surgical interventions.

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Arablinskiy, A. V., and V. B. Rumer. "Urgent surgery – the role of computed tomography." Medical Visualization 22, no. 6 (March 1, 2019): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24835/1607-0763-2018-6-59-68.

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Introduction.Acute abdomen is a complex condition that demands urgent diagnostics and treatment.The proposeof the study based on data we got in the Radiology Department of S.P. Botkin Municipal Clinical Hospital is to evaluate the role of computed tomography in acute abdomen diagnostics.Materials and methods. 637 acute abdomen patient`s data were retrospectively analyzed, provided in the term from January 2017 to January 2018. The average age was 53 years old, from 18 to 98 y.o. Male to female ratio was 1:1,51, male – 383, female – 254. Inclusion criteria was acute abdomen clinical presentation.Results.The most frequently seen conditions were ileus – 226 cases (35.5%), acute pancreatitis/pancreonecrosis – 185 cases (29%), ureteral occlusion with stones – 83 cases (13%), blunt abdominal trauma – 57 cases (9%), renal abscesses and inflammation diseases – 56 cases (9%). Liver abscesses – 13 cases (2%), mesenteric ischemia – 10 cases (1.5%), acute appendicitis – 4 (0,5%), aortic dissection – 2 cases (0,3%), hollow viscus perforation – 1 case (0.2%).Conclusion.CT with high accuracy and in a short time identify the reason of acute abdomen in all shown cases that highly improve the quality of medical management.

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Güven, Koray, and Bülent Acunaş. "Multidetector computed tomography angiography of the abdomen." European Journal of Radiology 52, no. 1 (October 2004): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2004.03.032.

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Benedikt, Richard A. "Computed Tomography of the Abdomen in Adults." Radiology 173, no. 3 (December 1989): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.173.3.638.

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Leschka, Sebastian, Hatem Alkadhi, Simon Wildermuth, and Borut Marincek. "Multi-detector computed tomography of acute abdomen." European Radiology 15, no. 12 (August 27, 2005): 2435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00330-005-2897-4.

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Murakami, Koji, and Tadaki Nakahara. "Efficacy of 3D-positron emission tomography/computed tomography for upper abdomen." Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences 21, no. 4 (January 27, 2014): 246–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhbp.83.

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Kim, N. G., M. S. Kim, K. J. Sung, I. S. Hong, and W. Y. Cho. "Multiplanar computed tomography of abdomen and pelvic cavity." Journal of the Korean Radiological Society 25, no. 6 (1989): 972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3348/jkrs.1989.25.6.972.

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Venkataramanan, Rochita, and Venkatesh Kasi Arunachalam. "Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Applications in the Abdomen." Journal of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology 05, no. 02 (July 2022): 075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1750724.

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Maharjan, Surendra, Sudil Prajapati, and Om Biju Panta. "Measurement of radiation dose in multi-slice computed tomography." Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal 9, no. 4 (December 5, 2016): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v9i4.30143.

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The aim of this study was to measure the radiation doses for computed tomography (CT) examinations of the head, chest and abdomen in adult patients in Nepal in comparison to international standard. Dose length products (DLP) and effective doses for standard patient sizes were calculated from the reported volume CT dose index (CTDIVol). Details were obtained from approximately 90 CT examinations carried out in 128 slice CT scan. Effective dose was calculated for each examination using CT dose indices, exposure related parameters and CTDI-to-effective dose conversion factors. The CTDI and DLP were below the established international reference dose levels for head and chest while for the abdomen and pelvis, the CTDl and DLP were above the established international reference dose levels. The mean effective doses in this study for the head, chest, and abdomen were 1.7, 5.4 and 17.7 mGy respectively. In conclusion, for the routine head and chest protocol, CTDI, DLP and ED were found to be significantly lower compared to the recommendation of European Commission. However, abdomen CT scans showed higher dose values because of multiple phase scans and longer scan lengths.

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Mazzei, Fabiana B., Nicolás F. Mazzei, Carolina Magraht, Diego M. Fusco, and Diego G. Herrera. "Neumatosis intestinal. Rara presentación de abdomen agudo." Revista Argentina de Cirugía 111, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 302–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.25132/raac.v111.n4.1422es.

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Pneumatosis intestinalis is a rare condition characterized by the presence of gas in the submucosa or subserosa of the intestinal wall. We report two cases associated with generalized abdominal pain and rebound tenderness. The computed tomography (CT) scans in both cases showed bowel distention, pneumatosis intestinalis and portal venous gas. Both patients underwent emergency surgery which demonstrated bowel necrosis with mesenteric ischemia, consistent with the CT images. Both patients died (one during surgery and the other in the immediate postoperative period).

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Gong, Zhaoxuan, Jing Song, Wei Guo, Ronghui Ju, Dazhe Zhao, Wenjun Tan, Wei Zhou, and Guodong Zhang. "Abdomen tissues segmentation from computed tomography images using deep learning and level set methods." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 19, no. 12 (2022): 14074–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2022655.

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<abstract> Accurate abdomen tissues segmentation is one of the crucial tasks in radiation therapy planning of related diseases. However, abdomen tissues segmentation (liver, kidney) is difficult because the low contrast between abdomen tissues and their surrounding organs. In this paper, an attention-based deep learning method for automated abdomen tissues segmentation is proposed. In our method, image cropping is first applied to the original images. U-net model with attention mechanism is then constructed to obtain the initial abdomen tissues. Finally, level set evolution which consists of three energy terms is used for optimize the initial abdomen segmentation. The proposed model is evaluated across 470 subsets. For liver segmentation, the mean dice are 96.2 and 95.1% for the FLARE21 datasets and the LiTS datasets, respectively. For kidney segmentation, the mean dice are 96.6 and 95.7% for the FLARE21 datasets and the LiTS datasets, respectively. Experimental evaluation exhibits that the proposed method can obtain better segmentation results than other methods. </abstract>

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Almusa, Omar, Barry Daly, and Paul Shreve. "Protocol Considerations for Positron Emission Tomography–Computed Tomography of the Abdomen and Pelvis." Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI 29, no. 4 (August 2008): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.sult.2008.06.002.

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El Mansouri, M’hamed, Abdelmajid Choukri, Mohammed Talbi, and Hajar Khallouki. "Computed Tomography Scan Optimization of Chest and Abdomen Protocols." Moscow University Physics Bulletin 76, S1 (December 2021): S88—S94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0027134922010155.

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De Cecco, Carlo Nicola, Anna Darnell, Napoleón Macías, Juan Ramón Ayuso, Sonia Rodríguez, Jordi Rimola, Mario Pagés, et al. "Second-Generation Dual-Energy Computed Tomography of the Abdomen." Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 37, no. 4 (2013): 543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/rct.0b013e318291f6a0.

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Nachiappan, S., R. Mortimer, and DC Howlett. "Computed tomography in the assessment of the acute abdomen." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 100, no. 7 (October 2018): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsbull.2018.296.

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Rostom, M. "Sagittal computed tomography angiogram of the abdomen with contrast." BMJ 349, aug21 4 (August 21, 2014): g4909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g4909.

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Khelassi-Toutaoui, Nadia, Ahmed Merad, Virginia Tsapaki, Fouzia Meddad, Zakia Sakhri-Brahimi, Diana Guedioura, and Samia Saadi. "ADULT CT EXAMINATIONS IN ALGERIA: TOWARDS UPDATING NATIONAL DIAGNOSTIC REFERENCE LEVELS." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 190, no. 4 (July 2020): 364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncaa116.

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Abstract A pilot study has concerned the most frequent computed tomography examinations (CT). This represents the first results based on actual survey for diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) establishment in Algeria. A total number of 2540 patients underwent this survey that has included the recording of CT parameters, computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) and dose-length product of the head, thorax, abdomen, abdomen–pelvis (AP), lumbar spine (LS) and thorax–abdomen–pelvis (TAP) performed on standard patients. The proposed DRLs are 71 mGy/1282 mGy.cm for head, 16 mGy/555 mGy.cm for thorax, 18 mGy/671 mGy.cm for abdomen, 21 mGy/950 mGy.cm for AP, 36 mGy/957 mGy.cm for LS and 18 mGy/994 mGy.cm for TAP. The rounded 75th percentile seems to be higher in some examinations compared to the literature. Our findings confirm the need to optimise our practice. These results provide a starting point for institutional evaluation of CT radiation doses.

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Sugimoto, Hiroshi, Aoi Fujikawa, and Akihiro Kishida. "A rare complication of the duodenal diverticulum." Frontline Gastroenterology 11, no. 1 (February 21, 2019): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/flgastro-2018-101128.

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IntroductionAn 80-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with severe right-sided abdominal pain that had started after her last meal. Physical examination revealed fever (38.6°C) and rebound tenderness in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. The laboratory studies showed a leucocyte count of 11.3×109/L (normal, 3.7–8.0×109/L) and a C-reactive protein level of 2.34 mg/dL (normal, <0.03 mg/dL). There were no other significant findings. A CT scan of the abdomen with contrast revealed retroperitoneal air around a duodenal diverticulum (figures 1 and 2).Figure 1Computed tomography scan of the abdomen with contrast (coronal section). A diverticulum in the second portion of the duodenum (arrow) and retroperitoneal air (asterisk) are shown.Figure 2Computed tomography scan of the abdomen with contrast (axial section). The area with retroperitoneal air (asterisk) is marked.QuestionWhat is the most likely diagnosis and the cause underlying the condition?

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Leswick, David A., Nida S. Syed, Chance S. Dumaine, Hyun J. Lim, and Derek A. Fladeland. "Radiation Dose from Diagnostic Computed Tomography in Saskatchewan." Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal 60, no. 2 (April 2009): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carj.2009.02.035.

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Objective To calculate the effective dose from diagnostic computed tomography (CT) scans in Saskatchewan, Canada, and compare with other reported dose levels. Methods Data from CT scans were collected from 12 scanners in 7 cities across Saskatchewan. The patient age, scan type, and selected technique parameters including the dose length product and the volume computed tomography dose index were collected for a 2-week period. This information then was used to calculate effective doses patients are exposed to during CT examinations. Data from 2,061 clinically indicated CT examinations were collected, and of them 1,690 were eligible for analysis. Every examination during a 2-week period was recorded without selection. Results The average provincial estimated patient dose was as follows: head, 2.7 mSv (638 scans; standard deviation [SD], ±1.6); chest, 11.3 mSv (376 scans; SD, ±8.9); abdomen-pelvis, 15.5 mSv (578 scans; SD, ±10.0); abdomen, 11.7 mSv (80 scans; SD, ±11.48), and pelvis, 8.6 mSv (18 scans; SD, ±6.04). Significant variation in dose between the CT scanners was observed ( P = .049 for head, P = .001 for chest, and P = .034 for abdomen-pelvis). Conclusions Overall, the estimated dose from diagnostic CT examinations was similar to other previously published Canadian data from British Columbia. This dose varied slightly from some other published standards, including being higher than those found in a review conducted in the United Kingdom in 2003.

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BOBIRCA, Florin, Ionut MELESTEU, Dan DUMITRESCU, Carmen IORGUS, Romina Marina SIMA, Traian PATRASCU, and Anca BOBIRCA. "Mesenteric lymphangioma – a rare tumor of the abdomen." Medicina Moderna - Modern Medicine 29, no. 2 (June 22, 2022): 165–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31689/rmm.2021.29.2.165.

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Mesenteric lymphangioma (ML) is a cystic tumor developed at the base of the mesentery, which occurs frequently in children, rarely in adults, with nonspecific symptoms, often diagnosed late. The diagnosis is made by computer tomography and the curative treatment is the surgical one with good results and with optimal postoperative outcome. A 44-year-old patient for whom mesh surgery for incisional hernia post appendectomy has been performed was admitted to our clinic for nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms for which he has also been investigated multiple times in other services. On the right flank and iliac fossa, a tumor of firmelastic consistency is detected, relatively well delimited. Computed tomography (CT) describes the lesion as a mesenteric tumor. Intraoperatively, a cystic tumor is detected, which is punctured, the biochemical result highlighting the lymphatic character. The surgical treatment was represented by segmental intestinal resection with entero-enteroanastomosis. No postoperative events were reported.

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SÖNMEZ, Recep Erçin, Muhammet Ali AYDEMİR, Aman GAPBAROV, and Orhan ALİMOĞLU. "Rational use of CT-scanner Considering its Diagnostic Accuracy for the Management of Acute Abdomen: A single-Center Study." Albanian Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery 4, no. 2 (July 20, 2020): 689–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.32391/ajtes.v4i2.98.

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Aim: We aimed to put forward the efficacy of abdominal CT performed for patients diagnosed with acute abdomen and to share our clinical findings in that regard. Methods: 216 patients who had been hospitalized in General Surgery Department due to acute abdomen had been analyzed retrospectively between October 2018 - January 2019. Abdominal computerized tomography (CT) results had been discussed in terms of diagnostic accuracy and clinical outcomes. Results: 171 (79.2%) patients (M/F:95/76 (55.6% / 44.4%)) had been evaluated by computerized tomography (CT) due to various causes of acute abdomen. Patients who had been scanned more than once (n=13 (7.6%)) during theirs’ hospitalization period had longer average length of stays compared to those whom had been scanned for only once (n=158 (92.4%)) (multiple scanned:17 days vs single scanned:3 days; p=0.000). Besides, single-scanned patients had showed higher clinical accuracy compared to those with multi-scans (80.4% vs 61.5%, p=0.126). 28 ileus (84.8%) patients had been scanned by non-enteral computerized tomography (CT), and 12 (36.4%) of them had been given false radiological reviews. Conclusion: Improper and redundant use of computerized tomography (CT) may cause prolongation of stays at the hospital, besides performing unnecessary scans do not improve diagnostic accuracy.

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Radaideh, Khaldoon, Ali Al-Radaideh, Ramzun Maizan Ramli, Abdallah Saleh, and Rasha Alshayeb. "Establishment of national diagnostic dose reference levels (DRLs) for routine computed tomography examinations in Jordan." Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering 29, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjmpe-2023-0003.

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Abstract Background: Dose reference levels (DRLs) are used as indicators as well as guidance for dose optimization and to ensure justification of appropriate dose for a given clinical indication. The main aims of this study were to establish local DRLs for each CT imaging protocol as a reference point to evaluate the radiation dose indices and to compare our DRLs with those established in other countries and against the internationally reported guidelines. Materials and methods: 2000 CT dose reports of different adult imaging protocols from January 2021 until April 2022 were collected retrospectively at different hospitals in Jordan. Data were collected from CT scans that were performed using different types and models of CT scanners and included four adult non-enhanced, helical CT imaging protocols; Head, Chest, Abdomen-Pelvis, and Chest-Abdomen-Pelvis. Results: The average doses of CTDIvol, DLP, and effective dose were (65.11 mGy, 1232.71 mGy·cm, 2.83 mSv) for the head scan, (16.6 mGy, 586.6 mGy·cm, 8.21 mSv) for the chest scan, (17.91 mGy, 929.9 mGy·cm, 13.9 mSv) for the abdomen-pelvis scan, and (19.3 mGy, 1152 mGy·cm, 17.25 mSv) for the chest-abdomen-pelvis scan. In comparison with results from different international studies, DLP values measured in the present study were lower for the chest-abdomen-pelvis and abdomen-pelvis CT scans, and higher for the head CT and chest CT scans. Conclusions: It is very important that each country establishes its own DRLs and compares them with those reported by other countries, especially the developed ones. It is also important that these levels are regularly updated.

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Weatherspoon, Kimberly, Wayne Gilbertie, and Tara Catanzano. "Emergency Computed Tomography Angiogram of the Chest, Abdomen, and Pelvis." Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI 38, no. 4 (August 2017): 370–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.sult.2017.02.004.

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Sandrasegaran, K., J. Rydberg, CG Lall, T. Hameed, DR Hawes, and KK Kopecky. "Routine isotropic computed tomography scanning of the abdomen and pelvis." Australasian Radiology 50, no. 2 (April 2006): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1673.2006.01540.x.

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Shaff, Max I., Robert W. Tarr, C. Leon Partain, and A. Everette James. "Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Acute Abdomen." Surgical Clinics of North America 68, no. 2 (April 1988): 233–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6109(16)44475-0.

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Krause, Werner, Reinhard Gröll, Robert Kern, Christian Baumgartner, and Rainer Rienmüller. "Application of pharmacokinetics to electron-beam tomography of the abdomen." Academic Radiology 6, no. 8 (August 1999): 487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1076-6332(99)80168-8.

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Alkhorayef, M. "Radiation risk from chest, abdomen and pelvis computed tomography investigations." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 318, no. 1 (August 19, 2018): 661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-018-6104-x.

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Pokharel, Pratit, Yogendra Bista, Rabindra Desar, Raj Babu Benjankar, and Pradip Sharma. "Abdominal Cocoon Syndrome." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 17, no. 2 (August 4, 2019): 264–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v0i0.1934.

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Abdominal cocoon syndrome is rare cause of intestinal obstruction characterized by small bowel encapsulation by a fibro-collagenous membrane or “cocoon”.A 30 yearman presented in emergency department with abdominal pain. Preoperatively contrast enhanced computed tomography of abdomen revealed encapsulated cluster of mildly dilated and edematous small bowel loops with multiple air fluid levels with thin membrane and crowding of mesenteric vessels in left upper quadrant.Intra-operatively, the entire small bowel was found to be encapsulated in a dense fibrous sac. The peritoneal sac was excised, followed by lysis of the inter-loop adhesionswith smooth postoperative recovery.High index of suspicion is required in patient presenting with features of recurrent acute or chronic small bowel obstruction for diagnosis of abdominal cocoon syndrome. Contrast enhanced Computed Tomography of abdomen is a useful radiological to aid in preoperative diagnosis of syndrome.Keywords: Abdomen; abdominal cocoon; CECT; encapsulated cluster.

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Moin, Thajammul, Bruce Ramsay, Barbara Mckeown, Elizabeth Astall, and Niteen Tapuria. "Ruptured ovarian dermoid cyst – an unusual cause for peritonitis in pregnancy: a case report." JRSM Open 11, no. 6 (June 2020): 205427041774450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2054270417744502.

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Pawar, Neeraj, and Anand Kishore. "Primary omental infarction: a rare cause of acute abdomen." International Surgery Journal 7, no. 6 (May 26, 2020): 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20202424.

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Primary omental infarction (POI) is a rare cause of acute abdomen. It frequently mimics other causes of acute abdomen. It is being diagnosed more frequently with the advancement of radiology. Here we report a case of a 35 years old man admitted in emergency with pain right side abdomen since past 2 days. On physical examination patient was febrile with tenderness and guarding over right side of abdomen, TLC (total leucocyte count) - 13.2×109/l, mild rise in bilirubin with rest blood investigations being normal. CT (computed tomography) abdomen was s/o omental infarction. On diagnostic laparoscopy gangrenous omentum with torsion over a vascular pedicle was noted, omentectomy was performed laparoscopically. In conclusion omental infarction should be kept as a differential diagnosis in acute abdomen especially right-side abdominal pathologies. It can be managed conservatively but if signs of sepsis are there it is wise to perform a diagnostic laparoscopy.

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Almujally, Abdullah, Abdelmoneim Sulieman, and Fabrizio Calliada. "Patients Radiation Risks from Computed Tomography Lymphography." Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 10 (August 1, 2020): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/jcis_92_2020.

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Objectives: This study aims to first measure patient doses during computed tomography (CT) chest, abdomen, and extremities procedures for evaluation lymphedema, and second to estimate the radiation dose-related risks during the procedures. Material and Methods: Radiation effective doses from CT lymphography procedures quantified using CT machines from different vendors. After the calibration of CT systems, the data collected for a total of 28 CT lymphography procedures. Effective and organ doses extrapolated using national radiological protection software based on Monte Carlo simulation. Results: The mean patient doses for chest and abdomen procedures in term of CTDIvol (mGy) and DLP (mGy.cm) are 10.0 ± 3 and 425 ± 222 and 24 ± 12 and 1118 ± 812 for CT 128 and CT 16 slice, respectively. The mean DLP (mGy.cm) for extremities was 320 ± 140 and 424 ± 212 for CT 128 and CT 16 slice, in that order. Conclusion: Patients’ dose showed significant differences due to variation in the scan length and clinical indication. Organs lay in the primary beam received high radiation doses especially in the chest region which increases the probability of radiation-induced cancer. The current patient’s doses are higher compared to the previous studies.

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Chandhirasekar, Balaji, Sushanto Neogi, Manu Vats, and Vineet Kumar Pandey. "Gigantic kidney tumour presenting with weight gain." International Surgery Journal 6, no. 11 (October 24, 2019): 4181. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20195151.

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A 61 years obese gentleman presented early with gain of weight and lump in the left side of abdomen for 15 days. On contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of abdomen, a giant renal mass arising from left kidney. Patient underwent open nephrectomy, surgically removed en bloc of 12.5 kg weight largest renal mass. Histopathology showed papillary renal cell carcinoma. The postoperative period was uneventful.

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Lien, H. H., and K. Talle. "Normal and Anomalous Structures Simulating Retroperitoneal Lymphadenopathy at Computed Tomography." Acta Radiologica 29, no. 4 (July 1988): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418518802900401.

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The present report illustrates normal and anomalous anatomic structures which may represent pitfalls in diagnosis when computed tomography of the abdomen is performed in the search for enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes.

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Rachna Chaurasia and Pratyush Kumar. "Role of computed tomography in non-traumatic acute abdomen in adults." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 13, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v13i11.45440.

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Background: The objective of this study was to study, assess, and diagnose causes of acute abdomen accurately, to determine the accuracy of multidetector computed tomography (CT) for confirmation of negative, diagnosed, or equivocal ultrasonography (USG) cases, and to establish role of CT as the primary imaging modality. Aims and Objective: To study, assess and diagnose causes of acute abdomen accurately, To determine the accuracy of MDCT for confirmation of Negative, diagnosed or equivocal USG cases & To establish role of CT as the primary imaging modality. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty random patients were included in this prospective study. USG and CT were done in all patients. Axial, coronal, and sagittal reformatted images were studied. Intravenous and oral contrast were also used depending on the clinical condition. All these patients were followed up diagnosis obtained before and after CT were compared with intraoperative findings or final clinical diagnosis at discharge. Results: Among 120 patients, confirmative CT diagnosis was made in 111 cases and was discordant in seven cases, while two cases could not be followed up. Forty-five cases underwent surgical management and rest of them were managed medically. Conclusion: CT abdomen done in patients presenting with non-traumatic acute abdominal pain which helps to make accurate diagnosis and planning the appropriate treatment.

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Beni, Muhammad, Maya Nuriya Widyasari, Devia Eka Listiana, and Titik Yuliastuti. "Kesesuaian Hasil Pemeriksaan Computed Tomography (CT) Scan Abdomen Kontras dengan Hasil Pemeriksaan Histopatologi (Studi pada Pasien dengan Keganasan Kolorektal)." Medica Hospitalia : Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 2 (July 30, 2022): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36408/mhjcm.v9i2.760.

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Latar belakang : CT Scan abdomen kontras adalah modalitas pencitraan yang sering digunakan pada pasien dengan kecurigaan keganasan kolorektal seperti adenokarsinoma, neuroendocrine tumor (NET), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) dan limfoma karena mampu menskrining, mendiagnosis sekaligus menilai staging. Ketepatan diagnosis dan staging akan berpengaruh terhadap tatalaksana selanjutnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesesuaian hasil pemeriksaan CT Scan abdomen kontras dengan hasil pemeriksaan histopatologi mengenai karakteristik, jenis dan staging lokal pada pasien dengan keganasan kolorektal. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional dengan pendekatan cross- sectional. Terdapat 61 subyek penelitian yang dilakukan penilaian karakteristik, jenis dan stagingnya menggunakan CT Scan oleh dua ahli radiologi konsultan abdomen sedangkan pemeriksaan histopatologi dilakukan oleh ahli patologi anatomi konsultan abdomen. Uji diagnostik dan uji kesesuaian dilakukan untuk menganalisis kesesuaian hasil pemeriksan CT Scan dan histopatologi. Hasil : Berdasarkan karakteristik pada CT Scan, 100% sampel termasuk keganasan yang mengarah pada jenis karsinoma, sehingga kesesuaian karakteristik dan jenis tidak dapat dilakukan. Adapun untuk staging (CT Scan) didapatkan T3 57,4% dan T4 42,6%. Pada pemeriksaan histopatologi didapatkan 95,1% adenokarsinoma, 3,3% GIST dan 1,6% limfoma dengan staging pT3 65,6% dan pT4 34,4%. Didapatkan konsistensi dalam penilaian staging lokal antara pemeriksaan CT Scan abdomen kontras dan pemeriksaan histopatologi dengan nilai sensitivitas 82,5%, spesifisitas 90%, nilai prediksi positif 94%, nilai prediksi negatif 73%, tingkat akurasi 85% serta nilai kappa 0,691. Simpulan : CT Scan abdomen kontras dapat digunakan sebagai modalitas pencitraan untuk staging pada pasien keganasan kolorektal dengan konsistensi cukup baik.

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Ebrahim, Mohamed. "Akut nyreinfarkt: En sjælden årsag til akut abdomen." Dansk Tidsskrift for Akutmedicin 2, no. 4 (July 5, 2019): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/akut.v2i4.112918.

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Acute Renal infarction is a rare cause of acute abdomen that may cause irreversible kidney damage. The presenting symptomatology is nonspecific and mimics other more common conditions, which leads to delay in diagnosis. If diagnosis is made early by contrast-enhanced computed tomography proper treatment can be planned to preserve kidney function. We report a case of renal infarction in a 45 year old man with acute abdominal pain were diagnosis was missed at initial assessment with non-contrast CT.

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Reyes González, Juan Pablo, and José Luis Ramírez-Arias. "Haga su diagnóstico." Revista de la Facultad de Medicina 64, no. 6 (November 10, 2021): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fm.24484865e.2021.64.6.05.

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Bartušek, Daniel, Vlastimil Válek, Zdeněk Kala, Vladimír Procházka, Tomáš Andrašina, Pavel Janeček, and Lumír Kunovský. "Imaging methods in non-traumatic acute abdomen." Gastroenterologie a hepatologie 74, no. 6 (December 22, 2020): 520–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.48095/ccgh2020520.

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An acute abdomen is an urgent condition requiring rapid diagnosis and treatment. Nowadays, with the new developments and progression in ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT), these methods have become a far better alternative to plain abdominal radiography. US is now an available and proven method used to provide a “final” diagnosis in various conditions. The frequency for CT examination for the diagnosis of acute abdomen has increased. A disadvantage of using CT examination includes high doses of radiation for the patient. Fortunately, this disadvantage is outweighed by the multitude of advantages. The advantages include high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of causes in urgent conditions. The CT protocol of examination is primarily lead by the radiologist.

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Céspedes Rodríguez,, Héctor Alejandro, and Daniel Alejandro Tello Duanes. "Colovesical fistula, as a manifestation of cancer of the left colon: case presentation." MOJ Surgery 10, no. 2 (November 9, 2022): 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojs.2022.10.00203.

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Colovesical fistulas are infrequent complications, being those of malignant origin unusual as etiology and often cause problems for their diagnosis. Objective: To present the case of a colovesical fistula of malignant origin which is unusual. Presentation of the case: a patient who entered our service with suspected colovesical fistula, because he had pain in the lower abdomen, pneumatoria and fecaluria, to corroborate said diagnosis by computed tomography, colon by enema with water-soluble contrast and cystography. Discussion: Colovesical fistulas are rare in medical practice, being this unusual as a manifestation of colon cancer. Conclusions: FCV should be suspected in all patients with pneumaturia, fecaluria, lower abdomen pain and palpable suprapubic tumor. Where cytoscopy, tomography and barium enema can give an etiological diagnosis in all cases.

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Li, Yuhao, Lisha Jiang, Haitao Wang, Huawei Cai, Yongzhao Xiang, and Lin Li. "EFFECTIVE RADIATION DOSE OF 18F-FDG PET/CT: HOW MUCH DOES DIAGNOSTIC CT CONTRIBUTE?" Radiation Protection Dosimetry 187, no. 2 (May 31, 2019): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncz153.

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Abstract The aim was to estimate the effective doses associated with different types of scanning protocols and how much the diagnostic computed tomography (DCT) scan contributed to the total dose of the dual-modality positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) examinations. The results showed that an average radiation dose of 8.19 ± 0.83 mSv and 13.44 ± 5.14 mSv for the PET and CT components, respectively, resulting in a total dose of 21.64 ± 5.20 mSv. Approximately 92.7% (980 of 1057) of the patients underwent additional DCT protocols. The DCT protocols contributed 42% of the overall effective radiation doses, which was larger than the percentage contributed by the PET component (38%) and LCT protocols (20%). Reducing the diagnostic area of the DCT scans that patients undergo and decreasing the use of chest-abdomen-pelvis (CAP), abdomen-pelvis (AP) and chest DCT protocols, especially the CAP protocol, will be helpful in decreasing the effective radiation doses of PET/CT scan.

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Ichikawa, S., and H. Onishi. "Computed tomography findings of abnormal gas in the abdomen and pelvis." Singapore Medical Journal 63, no. 6 (June 2022): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2022079.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Abdomen – Tomography'

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