Academic literature on the topic 'Abbaye di Saint-Denis (Saint-Denis, France)'

Le manuscrit Paris, BnF, lat. 528 est un livre scolaire assemblé à l’abbaye de Saint-Denis entre la fin du VIII e et le début du IX e siècle. Les fol. 121-139 (= P) peuvent être isolés et considérés comme une unité codicologique autonome. Ils sont indépendants aussi quant à leur contenu. Ils transmettent un recueil de poèmes provenant de l’entourage carolingien (des années 70 et 80 du VIIIe siècle) et des textes didactiques. Le compilateur de ce corpus montre des intérêts conformes à ceux des intellectuels qui participaient aux réformes scolaires voulues par Charlemagne au début de son règne. Certains aspects du corpus poétique de P permettent d’envisager l’hypothèse que ce manuscrit soit une sorte de recueil personnel de Paul Diacre, formé par l’assemblage de textes qu’il avait recueillis pendant son séjour en France (782-785), et qui circulaient sur des papiers ou des fiches personnels. L’étude des matériaux non-poétiques de

ABSTRACT This research aimed to compare BRIS stock performance before and after the merger. The research method was comparative quantitative that is by comparing the data used to determine differences in variables from two different groups or from the same variable in different time periods. The population and sample for this study are monthly reports of Price to Book Value, Earning per Share, Return on Equity, Debt to Equity Ratio, and Price Earning Ratio from BRIS for the period January 2020-January 2022 so that a total sample of 25 is obtained. The data analysis were the normality test and the Wilcoxon test. The requirement to carry out this test is the data normality test which functions to measure whether the data is normally distributed or not. Meanwhile, the Wilcoxon test is a non-parametric test to measure the significance of differences between two groups of paired data or similar data but at different times. This study found that stock performance as measured by PBV and EPS showed differences in performance before and after the merger. Whereas ROE, DER, PER there is no difference in stock performance before and after the merger. With this research, it can be used reference for investors to choose an analytical method as a decisive step in investing. For company owners, this research can be used as a consideration when merging. Keywords: Stock performance, BRIS, Merger, Islamic banking. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kinerja saham BRIS sebelum dan setelah merger. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif komparatif yakni dengan membandingkan data-data yang digunakan untuk mengetahui perbedaan variabel dari dua kelompok berbeda ataupun dari variabel yang sama dalam jangka waktu yang berbeda. Untuk teknik pengambilan data menggunakan teknik pengambilan data dokumentasi. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan populasi dan sampel laporan bulanan Price to Book Value, Earning per Share, Return on Equity, Debt to Equity Ratio, dan Price Earning Ratio dari BRIS dengan jangka waktu Januari 2020-Januari 2022 sehingga mendapatkan total sampel 25 sampel. Untuk menguji hipotesis teknik pengujian data yang dilakukan yakni uji normalitas dan uji Wilcoxon. Syarat untuk melakukan pengujian ini yakni uji normalitas data yang berfungsi untuk mengukur apakah data berdistribusi normal atau tidak normal. Sedangkan uji Wilcoxon adalah pengujian non-parametris untuk mengukur signifikansi perbedaan dua kelompok data berpasangan ataupun data sejenis tetapi berbeda waktu. Penelitian ini mendapatkan hasil bahwa kinerja saham yang diukur melalui proksi Price to Book Value dan Earning per Share terdapat adanya perbedaan kinerja sebelum dan setelah merger. Sedangkan pada proksi Return on Equity, Debt to Equity Ratio, dan Price Earning Ratio tidak terdapat adanya perbedaan kinerja saham sebelum dan setelah merger. Dengan adanya penelitian ini dapat menjadi referensi bagi investor untuk memilih metode analisis sebagai langkah untuk menentukan dalam menanam modal. Bagi pemilik perusahaan dengan adanya penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai pertimbangan ketika akan melakukan merger. Kata Kunci: Kinerja saham, BRIS, Merger, perbankan syariah. DAFTAR PUSTAKA Adawiyah, A. R., & Lisiantara, G. A. (2022). Pengaruh pandemi covid-19 terhadap kinerja keuangan perbankan. Jurnal Ilmiah Komputer Akuntansi, 15(2), 465–474. https://doi.org/10.51903/kompak.v15i2.834 Alfi. (2020). Aset perbankan syariah tetap bertumbuh di tengah pandemi. Retrieved from https://finansial.bisnis.com/read/20200923/231/1295698/aset-perbankan-syariah-tetap-bertumbuh-di-tengah-pandemi Amalia. (2022). Kinerja keuangan PT. Bank Syariah Indonesia Tbk. sebelum dan efek instan merger. YUME: Journal of Management, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.2568/yum.v5i1.1184 Andre, A., Marpaung, A. M., & Mekaniwati, A. (2019). Analisis implikasi kebijakan dividen terhadap pertumbuhan perusahaan dan kinerja saham. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan, 7(1), 153–161. https://doi.org/10.37641/jimkes.v7i1.208 Anshori, M., & Iswati, S. (2009). Buku ajar metodologi penelitian kuantitatif. Pusat Penerbitan dan Percetakan UNAIR. Asbaniar, A., & Setiawan, S. (2022). Analisis kinerja saham pada industri farmasi sebelum dan setelah adanya pandemi covid-19. IQTISHADequity, 4(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.51804/iej.v4i1.1664 Bella, S., & Sari, F. (2021). Perbandingan kinerja keuangan sebelum dan sesudah akuisisi pada perusahaan yang terdaftar di BEI. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Bisnis, 1(2), 143–153. http://dx.doi.org/10.30651/imp.v1i2.10619 BNI Syariah. (2020). Laporan tahunan 2020. BNI Syariah Brigham, E. F., & Houston., J. F. (2016). Dasar-dasar manajemen keuangan. Salemba Empat. BSI. (2021). Laporan tahunan 2021: Energi baru untuk Indonesia. PT Bank Syariah Indonesia, Tbk. Cahyarini, I. (2017). Analisis perbedaan kinerja keuangan perusahaan sebelum dan sesudah merger dan akuisisi (Studi empiris pada perusahaan merger dan pengakuisisi yang terdaftar di BEI. Skripsi tidak dipublikasikan. Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. Covey, S. (1997). The 7 habits of highly effective people, restoring the character ethic. Simon & Sschuster Inc. Dewi, N. S., & Suwarno, A. E. (2022). Pengaruh ROA, ROE, EPS dan DER terhadap harga saham perusahaan (Studi empiris pada perusahaan LQ45 yang terdaftar di bursa efek Indonesia tahun 2016-2020). Seminar Nasional Pariwisata Dan Kewirausahaan (SNPK), 1, 472–482. https://doi.org/10.36441/snpk.vol1.2022.77 Diaw, A. (2014). The effect of mergers and acquisitions on shareholder wealth: The case of European banks. First International Conference of Cost Action IS0902, Systemic Risks, Financial Crises, and Credit, COST, May 2011, Saint-Denis, France. ffhal-01184673. Dilshad. (2013). Profitability analysis of mergers and acquisitions: An event study approach. Business and Economic Research, 3(1), 89-125. https://doi.org/10.5296/ber.v3i1.2781 Faruquee, M. (2013). Impact of fundamental factors on stock price: A case based approach on pharmaceutical companies listed with Dhaka stock exchange. International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 2(9), 34–41. Filbert, R., & Prasetya, W. (2017). Investasi saham ala fundamentalis dunia. PT. Gramedia. Fiqri, A. A. A., Azzahra, M. M., Branitasandini, K. D., & Pimada, L. M. (2021). Peluang dan tantangan merger bank syariah milik negara di Indonesia pada masa pandemi covid-19. El Dinar, 9(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.18860/ed.v9i1.11315 Firdaus, I., & Kasmir, A. N. (2021). Pengaruh Price earning (PER), earning per share (EPS), debt to equity ratio (DER) terhadap harga saham. Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, 1(1), 40–57. Gumanti. (2017). Keuangan korporat: Tinjauan teori dan praktik empiris. Mitra Wacana Media. Hadyarti, V. (2022). Analisis perbedaan kinerja keuangan sebelum dan setelah merger dan akuisisi pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di bursa efek Indonesia periode 2016-2020. Eco-Entrepreneur, 8(1), 31–42. https://doi.org/10.21107/ee.v8i1.16495 Halim, A. (2015). Analisis investasi dan aplikasinya, dalam aset keuangan dan aset rill. Salemba Empat. Harvey, S. K. (2015). The role of merger and aquisition in firm performance a Ghanaian case study. Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 17(1), 1–12. Rudy, H. (2021). Manajemen pemasaran bank syariah (Teori dan praktik). Duta Media Publishing. Hutauruk, D. M. (2021a). Bank BRI Syariah meraup laba bersih Rp 248 miliar atau melonjak 235,14%. Retrieved from https://newssetup.kontan.co.id/news/bank-bri-syariah-meraup-laba-bersih-rp-248-miliar-atau-melonjak-23514 Hutauruk, D. M. (2021b). Laba bersih BRI Syariah (BRIS) melesat sebelum resmi merger. Retrieved from https://keuangan.kontan.co.id/news/laba-bersih-bri-syariah-bris-melesat-sebelum-resmi-merger Jiang, J. (2019). An empirical study on M&A performance: Evidence from horizontal mergers and acquisitions in the United States. Open Journal of Business and Management, 07(02), 976–997. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2019.72066 Khairudin, M., & Wulandari, T. (2017). Merger, akuisisi, dan kinerja saham perusahaan di bursa efek Indonesia (BEI). Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Bisnis, 17(1), 27-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jab.v17i1.220 KNKS. (2019a). Global Islamic Finance Report 2019 menempatkan Indonesia di posisi teratas dalam pasar keuangan syariah global. Siaran Pers KNKS, 1–2. Retrived from https://knks.go.id/storage/upload/1571570175-Siaran Pers Penghargaan GIFR 2019.pdf KNKS. (2019b). Kajian konversi, merger, holding, dan pembentukan bank BUMN Syariah. KNKS. Kusnandar. (2022). Sebanyak 86,93% penduduk Indonesia beragama Islam pada 31 Desember 2021. Retrieved from https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2022/02/12/sebanyak-8693-penduduk-indonesia-beragama-islam-pada-31-desember-2021 La Pade, A. (2020). Kinerja portofolio saham syariah dan faktor yang memengaruhi kinerja saham syariah di Indonesia. Li Falah: Jurnal Studi Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Islam, 5(1), 17-41. https://doi.org/10.31332/lifalah.v5i1.1884 Lyman, C. (2022). Apa itu standar deviasi dan penerapannya dalam investasi? Retrieved from https://pintu.co.id/blog/apa-itu-standar-deviasi-adalah Mahargiyantie, S. (2020). Peran strategis bank syariah Indonesia dalam ekonomi syariah di Indonesia. Al - Misbah, 1(2), 83–94. Maryanti, D., Siregar, H., & Andati, T. (2017). Perbandingan kinerja keuangan perusahaan perkebunan sebelum dan setelah akuisisi. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Agribisnis, 14(2), 92–102. https://doi.org/10.17358/jma.14.2.92 Musdalifah, A., Sri, M., & Maryam, N. (2015). Manajemen investasi fundamental, teknikal, perilaku investor dan return saham. Deepublish. Muslimawati, N. (2022). BSI catat laba bersih Rp 2,1 T di Semester I 2022, Dirut: Berkah Merger. Kumparan Bisnis. Retrieved from https://kumparan.com/kumparanbisnis/bsi-catat-laba-bersih-rp-2-1-t-di-semester-i-2022-dirut-berkah-merger-1ywlrzWxsDI/full Nissa, I. K. (2022). Analisis dampak merger perbankan syariah BUMN pada laba bersih terhadap kinerja keuangan. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 8(1), 39-4017. https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v8i1.4300 Nurpiana, I., Permana, A., Kosim, B. (2022). Perbedaan kinerja saham indonesia sebelum dan selama masa pandemi covid-19. MOTIVASI: Jurnal Manajemen Dan Bisnis, 7(1), 31–41. https://doi.org/10.32502/mti.v7i1.4516 Prasetyo, H., Julianto, W., & Laela Ermaya, H. N. (2020). Penerapan good corporate governance dan kinerja keuangan terhadap nilai perusahaan. Jurnal Syntax Transformation, 1(10), 709–721. https://doi.org/10.46799/jst.v1i10.164 Prijanto, B., Damayanti, N., & Sari, A. R. (2022). Analisis perbandingan harga saham PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia Syariah, Tbk sebelum dan sesudah merger menjadi PT. Bank Syariah Indonesia, Tbk. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia, 8(2), 390. https://doi.org/10.29210/020221501 Putri, L. P. (2017). Pengaruh inflasi dan nilai tukar rupiah atas dollar as terhadap kinerja saham perusahaan property dan real estate di Indonesia. Ekonomikawan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan, 17(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.30596%2Fekonomikawan.v17i1.1178 Putri, L. P., & Christiana, I. (2017). Pengaruh kinerja keuangan terhadap kinerja saham pada perusahaan property dan real estate di Indonesia. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Dan Bisnis, 17(2), 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30596%2Fjrab.v17i2.1726 Putri, N. M., & Ratnawati, D. (2022). Analisis kinerja saham LQ45 selama pandemi covid-19. Nusantara: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, 7(2), 408–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.31604/jips.v9i4.2022.1329-1341 Saputra, S., & Supriadi, Y. (2018). Analisis terhadap kinerja saham perusahaan (Studi Kasus PT. Trias Sentosa Tbk. – TRST). Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan, 6(2), 097–101. https://doi.org/10.37641/jimkes.v6i2.158 Saputri, D., & Kaharti, E. (2022). Analisis perbandingan dampak sebelum dan sesudah merger horizontal terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan di indonesia yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2014-2019. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi (JIMMBA), 4(2), 181–189. https://doi.org/10.32639/jimmba.v4i2.70 Sari P. K., Ni’mah, A., & Hana, K. F. (2022). Analisis sinkronisasi budaya kerja sumber daya manusia pada bank syariah Indonesia setelah merger. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Islam, 4(1), 31-41. https://doi.org/10.24239/jiebi.v4i1.91.31-41 Sherman, A. J., Morin, D. S. (2011). Mergers and Acquisitions: An Introduction. AMACOM Division of American Management Association International Sihombing, N., & Kamal, M. (2016). Analisis pengaruh pengumuman merger dan akuisisi terhadap abnormal return saham dan kinerja keuangan perusahaan (Studi pada perusahaan yang melakukan merger dan akuisisi pada tahun 2011 dan terdaftar di bursa efek Indonesia). Diponegoro Journal of Management, 5(3), 1–15. Suprihatin, N. S. (2022). Komparasi kinerja keuangan sebelum dan sesudah merger dan akuisisi pada perusahaan pengakuisisi di BEI. JAK (Jurnal Akuntansi) Kajian Ilmiah Akuntansi, 9(1), 126–144. https://doi.org/10.30656/jak.v9i1.4038 Suryawathy, I. G. A. (2014). Analisis kinerja keuangan sebelum dan sesudah merger pada perusahaan yang terdaftar di bursa efek Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Humanika, 3(2), 1123–1133. https://doi.org/10.23887/jinah.v3i2.4050 Tarigan, P. P. Y., & Pratomo, W. (2015). Analisis dampak merger dan akuisisi terhadap abnormal return dan kinerja keuangan pada perusahaan yang terdaftar di bursa efek Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan, 3(3), 200–212. Usmany, L. R., & Badjra, I. B. (2019). Perbedaan kinerja keuangan bank OCBC NISP sebelum dan sesudah merger di Indonesia. E-Jurnal Manajemen Universitas Udayana, 8(8), 5036. https://doi.org/10.24843/ejmunud.2019.v08.i08.p12 Wang, J., Fu, G., & Luo, C. (2013). Accounting information and stock price reaction of listed companies – evidence from Shanghai stock exchange. Journal of Business & Management, 2(2), 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12735/jbm.v2i2p11 Wareza, M. (2020). Merger bank syariah BUMN, sedahsyat ini dampak ekonominya! CNBC Indonesia. Retrieved from https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/market/20201104143241-17-199258/merger-bank-syariah-bumnsedahsyat-ini-dampak-ekonominya Widati, S., & Tian Gunawan, A. (2021). The effect of price to book value, earning per share and dividend payout ratio on a company’s stock price. Journal of Research in Business, Economics, and Education, 3(4), 83–95. Winarto, A., & Wachyu, W. (2021). Analisis komparasi kinerja saham yang terdaftar di Jakarta Islamic Indeks sebelum dan selama pandemi covid 19. Jurnal Manajemen Dayasaing, 23(2), 146–156. Zahrah, I. (2018). Analisis perbandingan kinerja keuangan sebelum dan sesudah merger pada perusahaan manufaktur. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Riset Manajemen, 7(1), 1–18.

Le statut générique, les formes, le sens du texte des Grandes Chroniques de France, composé à l'abbaye de Saint-Denis vers 1274, sont problématiques : réécrit par les interprétations modernes, il serait une chronique des rois vouée à la propagande capétienne. Pour recomposer le répertoire des formes et des interprétants originels, nous avons repéré des transferts de formes entre l'activité de l'abbaye, lieu ecclésiastique et cimetière des rois, et le projet historiographique qui émerge à l'abbaye avec Suger ; entre les genres historiographiques médiévaux disponibles (que nous redéfinissons) et le texte en français. Nourrie par les rites ecclésiastiques, remodelant les codes génériques, la translation dionysienne est une translation langagière, générique et épistémologique : elle produit un roman aux rois, généalogie royale commémorative, qui exalte les valeurs terriennes de l'histoire et de ses acteurs et impose un silence inédit au Dieu historiographe de l'histoire ecclésiastique
In the Grandes Chroniques de France, written at the Abbey of St Denis c. 1274, the genre, the forme, the sense of the text are all of them problematic: as rewritten by modern interpretations, it is seen as a chronicle on kings intended to serve as Capetian propaganda. In order to reconstruct the catalogue of the original forms and interpretants, we have defined certain form transferts between the work done at the Abbey (ecclesiastical building and kings'burial ground all at once) and the historiographical project begun there in Suger's time ; between the available medieval historiographical genres (that we redefine) and the french texte. The Dionysian transposal, nurtered by church rites and remodeling the genre codes, is a transposal of language, genres and epistemology: it gives birth to a roman aux rois, a genealogy of kings exalting the terrestrial values of History and its agents and imposing a brand-new silence to the historiographical God of ecclesiastical History

Étude de la communication orale durant les années 1380-1422 au travers du témoignage d'une des œuvres majeures de l'historiographie du règne de Charles VI : la chronique du religieux de Saint-Denis, rédigée à l'abbaye par le chantre Michel Pintoin. Quatre axes sont envisagés. Le premier prend en compte la place du vocabulaire de l'oralité dans l'ensemble du texte et examine les usages de différents termes ou expressions (par exemple : rumor, sermo, publicare, voce preconia. . . ). Le second axe s'organise autour des locuteurs, envisageant leur nombre, les mots qui les désignent, les qualités requises pour être un orateur éloquent. Les sources orales du chroniqueur sont ensuite étudiées : l'auteur lui-même est perçu comme un acteur essentiel de la collation de l'information, son cadre de vie y joue également un rôle majeur. Les autres informateurs, dionysiens ou non sont enfin envisagés. Le quatrième axe évoque certains aspects du travail du chroniqueur. Ce que Michel Pintoin et ses sources retiennent de la construction des discours est perçu au travers d'une étude du champ sémantique de la rhétorique. Enfin deux discours dont les textes sont parvenus jusqu'à nous (le vivat rex de Jean Gerson et le sermon accipe sanctum gladium de Philippe de Villette) permettent de saisir concrètement deux activités intellectuelles mise en œuvre pour la rédaction de la chronique : le résumé et la traduction
Study of the oral communication in the chronique du religieux de Saint-Denis, chronicle of the reign of Charles VI (1380-1422), composed in the Saint-Denis abbey by the monk Michel Pintoin. The thesis is developping 4 directions 1- Study of the vocabulary of the oral communication particulary some words : rumor, sermo, publicare, voce preconia, praedicare, collatio. . . 2- Study of the orators and particulary the princes and the members of the university of Paris 3- The oral informations of Michel pintoin 4- The work of the monk, with special part about the translation of two orations : vivat rex of Jean Gerson and accipe sanctum gladium of Philippe de Villette

L'activité liturgique et commémorative dont l'abbatiale de Saint-Denis est le cadre a des effets sur sa configuration spatiale bien après l'achèvement de sa construction en 1281. L'adjonction de chapelles latérales au flanc nord de la nef, en 1320-1324, ou les créations et transferts d'autels recensés à la fin du Moyen Âge mettent en évidence le phénomène de pression liturgique qui s'exerce sur l'édifice en marge de ses fonctions principales, c'est-à-dire le culte de saint Denis et l'entretien de la mémoire royale. L’étude des chapellenies et services anniversaires fondés à ses autels entre 1108 et le début du XVIe siècle éclaire le réseau mémoriel qui se forme autour de l'abbaye au cours de cette période, mais aussi l'évolution de la politique des moines vis-à-vis des laïcs. À partir du deuxième quart du XIVe siècle, l'abbé et le chapitre cherchent à canaliser le flux dévotionnel des fondations, y compris royales, tandis que les prêtres de la collégiale Saint-Paul voisine et des paroisses de l'exemption dionysienne sont progressivement associés à leur desserte, formant avec les moines une même communauté. La lecture de la répartition des tâches au sein de l’abbatiale et de ses dépendances, qui vise à reconstituer une géographie de la mémoire à Saint-Denis, révèle l'existence d'espaces réservés et un contrôle strict de la destination des autels, notamment de ceux du chevet. Ainsi, la plupart des officiers claustraux de l'abbaye sont associés spécifiquement à l'un des autels à reliques des chapelles rayonnantes depuis, semble-t-il, l'abbatiat de Suger. Cette exclusivité d'usage ne semble pas repérable dans d'autres établissements comparables, apportant un nouvel exemple de l'unicité dionysienne
The commemorative and liturgical functions of Saint-Denis influenced the abbey’s spatial configuration for centuries after construction of the core of the church ended in 1281. The addition of lateral chapels on the north side of the nave in 1320-1324, like the creation and movement of altars during the next two hundred years, resulted from the expansion of the abbey’s liturgical engagement beyond its primary responsibilities for the cult of Saint Denis and the commemoration of the kings of France. This study of the chaplaincies and anniversary services established between 1108 and the early sixteenth century casts light on the memory network that develops around the abbey during this period, but also the evolution of the abbey’s policies toward the laymen. From the second quarter of the 14th century onwards, the abbots and chapter try to control the foundations flow (including royal ones). Furthermore, the priests of the collegiate church of Saint-Paul located near the abbey as well as parishes enjoying Dyonisian immunity were gradually associated with services at the abbey’s chapels and thereby incorporated into the Dyonisian community. Focused on the services performed within the abbey church and the establishments immediately dependent on it, this study aims to reconstitute a geography of memory at Saint-Denis. It reveals that the services performed at the different altars were strictly controlled, particularly in the restricted area of the chevet. Therefore, apparently from the time of Abbot Suger, each claustral official of the abbey was generally associated with a specific altar in the radiating chapels. This exclusivity thus distinguished Saint-Denis from other similar establishments, providing yet another example of the uniqueness of the royal abbey

Throughout the XVII century Port-Royal nuns face various challenges that compromise their overall existence. In 1650s and 1660s, the French Clergy together with the Crown try several times to subdue all their components, and therefore also Port-Royal nuns, to the signature of a Formulaire in ratification of the anti-Jansenist condemnation endorsed by the papacy, especially with Urban VIII, Alexander VII, Clement IX and Clement XI. Port-Royal community rejects to sign, and starts to elabo-rate a mythic narration that combines resistance and martyrology. Port-Royal nuns write many historical documents that are used by the community as an apologetic means also during the persecutions of the early XVIII century. The aim of my doctoral research is the analysis the long and complex forma-tion process of the Port-Royal identity, starting from its origins and its development from 1609 onward, when the reform started, and in 1668-1669, during the so-called «Paix de l’Église», that marks the end of the first anti-jansenist persecutions and the acme of the adherence of the community to the Jansenism. The specific focus is the analysis of the community spiritual life through the analysis of the praying and edify-ing literature of the nuns, that until today has been put aside by historiography. In order to highlight how the community took part to the development of French spirituality of the early XVII century, this work tries to rebuild the image of the spirituality experienced in the monastery, once its identity had been well established. 1. Including Salesian and Oratorian experiences, the reform of mère Angélique grows up during the direction of Saint-Cyran (1633-1643), that harshly stresses the spiritual conduct of the monastery as a whole. 2. Eucharistic adoration became more and more refined, growing as the liturgical centre of the new Istitut du Saint-Sacrement (1633-1647) and endly the model that conforms the communal enterprise of recollec-tion of memories on the reform, and since 1630s it combines the slow development of the self-representation, enhanced by internal traditions and loyalty to the monastic model. It is a remarkable witness of the construction of specific categories of Port-Royal spirituality, before those Jansenist experience in which these categories found their own doctrinal field. 3. Furthermore, regulation of the prayer through oral and written normative devices becomes an important characteristic of the community. 4. The last part of the work focuses on the construction of a unique and shared ‘speech’ that develops into a true ideology facing the menace or the real suffering of persecu-tions in the second half of the century.
Durante il XVII secolo, le religiose di Port-Royal affrontano diverse crisi che compromettono la stabilità del loro ordine. Negli anni Cinquanta e Sessanta il clero e la Corona di Francia stabiliscono diverse volte per tutti i loro appartenenti, e anche per le monache di Port-Royal, l’obbligo della firma del Formulario di ratifica delle condanne gianseniste da parte del papato, in particolare da Urbano VIII, Alessandro VII, Clemente IX e Clemente XI. La comunità di Port-Royal rifiuta la firma ed elabora una narrazione mitica di resistenza e martirio, pervenendo infine, alla proliferazione di documenti storici che funzionano come strumento apologetico proprio della comunità anche nelle persecuzioni del primo Settecento. La ricerca presente ha un obiettivo preciso: si concentra nell’approfondire la lunga e complicata definizione dell’identità di Port-Royal, nelle sue origini e nella sua trasformazione nel periodo compreso tra il 1609, data del debutto della riforma, e il 1668-1669, all’inizio della cosiddetta «Paix de l’Église», che segna la fine delle prime grandi persecuzioni antigianseniste e il culmine della partecipazione al Giansenismo. L’osservatorio specifico per tale obiettivo è l’analisi della vita spirituale della comunità attraverso lo studio della letteratura devozionale delle monache che è stata spesso messa da parte dalla storiografia. Per mettere in evidenza la misura in cui la comunità sembra partecipare a quel processo di trasformazione della spiritualità francese del primo Seicento, la pre-sente indagine cerca di ricostruire l’immagine della spiritualità che si è vissuta nel convento, quando ormai l’identità condivisa è ben delineata. 1. Raccolte le esperien-ze salesiane e oratoriane, la riforma angelicana matura pienamente col direttorato di Saint-Cyran (1633-1643), che caratterizza fortemente la vita spirituale del monastero. 2. L’adorazione eucaristica viene man mano perfezionata nel tempo, diventando il centro liturgico del nuovo Institut du Saint-Sacrement (1633-1647) e infine il modello cui si conforma l’impresa comunitaria volta alla raccolta di notizie e memorie retro-spettive sulla riforma, a partire dagli anni Trenta, accompagnando il lento formarsi di un’autorappresentazione, che si nutre di tradizione interna e fedeltà al modello mo-nastico. Essa è una valida testimonianza, in anteprima, della formazione di determi-nate categorie della spiritualità di Port-Royal, prima ancora dell’influenza giansenista, le quali troveranno in quest’ultima uno sfondo teorico appropriato. 3. Inoltre, la rego-lazione della preghiera mediante l’elaborazione di un apparato normativo prima orale e poi scritto, diviene un elemento importante della vita di comunità. 4. L’ultima parte del lavoro si focalizza sull’elaborazione di un ‘discorso’ unico e condiviso che si svi-luppa in una vera e propria ideologia nella seconda metà del secolo.