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Yiu, Wing-chun, and 姚榮春. "Waste management in Hong Kong abattoirs." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3125391X.
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Yiu, Wing-chun. "Waste management in Hong Kong abattoirs /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18735496.
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Surer, Jean-Marie J. "Epuration des eaux résiduaires des abattoirs /." [S.l : s.n.], 1986. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Au, Fung-yee Belinda, and 區鳳儀. "A study of the privatization of the Urban Council abattoirs." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31964394.
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Au, Fung-yee Belinda. "A study of the privatization of the Urban Council abattoirs." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1376231X.
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Leask, Heather. "The employment of women in the British meat industry." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342680.
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Molapo, Ntahli Ashley. "Waste handling practices in the South African high-throughput poultry abattoirs." Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/36.
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Thesis (M. Tech.) - Central University of Technology, Free State, 2009The production of poultry meat at abattoirs implies a tremendous amount of organic matter that requires environmentally and biologically safe disposal or utilisation. As a result, waste management is a concern in poultry abattoirs worldwide. Problems with proper storage, handling, management and utilisation of by-products have come to the forefront in planning, establishing and operating of poultry abattoirs. The rationale for this study centres on the need for the review of poultry abattoir waste management practices, by-product production and environmental implication at South African high-throughput abattoirs. The need for this review stems from the rapid growth of the poultry industry over the past ten years. The industry has responded to this growing demand with larger and faster processing lines and more employees. This has led to the generation of high loads of waste material associated with negative environmental impacts. Poultry waste is of great concern as it plays a major role in environmental affairs over and above the present crisis with waste in South Africa, especially in rural and peri-urban areas. The primary objectives of the study were to identify the existing waste management practices in relation to the sources, type of waste material generated, and the methods of handling (collection, storage and disposal) as well as to ascertain whether there is any in-house treatment methods practised. In addition, to identify any environmental impacts resulting from waste management practices. To obtain data, site visits were conducted countrywide and abattoir personnel were interviewed through a questionnaire, in detail about the operation and waste management practices of their respective abattoirs. Their experiences in the industry regarding waste management were determined as well. From a total of thirty-four registered and operating high-throughput poultry abattoirs, twenty-six (76.4%) were visited. Huge amounts of wastes are generated at South Africa high-throughput poultry abattoirs, and these amongst others includes blood, feathers, feet, intestines, trimmed meat off-cuts, faecal matter, condemned chickens and waste-water. Waste handling practices varies according to abattoir preferences. Different collection facilities are used for different types of waste, 50 - 750_ containers and blood troughs are used for blood (table 4.5), crates, wheelie bins, conveyors, black rubbish bags for feathers (table 4.6). Waste is either stored at the dirty area of the abattoir or in an open space next to the abattoir under strict supervision prior to disposal or by-product processing. Since not all abattoirs dispose off generated waste, some abattoirs have by-products processing facilities either on site or outside abattoir premises. Examples of by-products produced (table 4.3) include poultry (carcass) meal, feather meal, poultry oil and blood meal. Disposal methods used differs from burial, rendering, land application, municipal landfill, collection by farmers (animal feeding), burning, composting depending on waste type. It should however be noted that some of disposal method used are not legally approved in South Africa although legally permitted in other international countries as per literature review. Three environmental implications were identified by the respondents included in the study (table 4.14) and these included air pollution, water pollution and land/soil pollution. Recommendations are made to encourage the safe disposal of abattoir waste, minimisation of environmental implications and to limit the methods of disposal to those that are internationally permitted and suggested.
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Govender, R., and E. M. Genis. "Advancing the hygiene management system at red meat abattoirs in Gauteng." Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 8, Issue 1: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/550.
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Published ArticleDirect control by government over abattoirs shifted in the late 1980s through privatisation. The legislated food safety system, namely the Hygiene Management System (HMS), coupled with the Hygiene Assessment System (HAS) attempted to address problems of control. The responsibility to implement and maintain these systems is now the responsibility of abattoir operators who must ensure that meat is processed within the risk-based HMS. However requirements for the HMS are scattered throughout legislation, government policies and guideline documents. The research aim was to suggest themes toward the development of an implementation guideline document for HMS implementation by conducting gap assessment audits at abattoirs using the Hygiene Assessment System (HAS).
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Maurer, Patric, Ernst Lücker, and Katharina Riehn. "Slaughter of pregnant cattle in German abattoirs – current situation and prevalence." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-205242.
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Background: The slaughter of pregnant cattle and the fate of the foetuses are relatively new subjects in the field of animal welfare. The Scientific Committee on Veterinary Measures relating to Public Health (SCVPH), however, does not believe this topic to be a critical issue because of the hitherto supposed rare occurrence of this practice. Some previous studies though, contradict this assessment, emphasising its relevance to animal welfare. With regard to the heterogeneous study design of previous investigations, the objective of this study is to evaluate the current situation concerning the slaughter of pregnant cattle in different German abattoirs. Additionally, the prevalence was assessed semi-quantitatively on the basis of a cross-sectional, voluntary and anonymous survey that was conducted amongst senior veterinary students of the University of Leipzig from 2010 until 2013. Results: Of 255 evaluable questionnaires, 157 (63.6 %) mention the slaughter of pregnant cattle, corresponding to 76.9 %
of all visited abattoirs. Slaughter of pregnant cattle is reported often (>10 % of females) in 6 (3.8 %), frequently (1–10 % of females) in 56 (35.7 %), and rarely (<1 % of females) in 95 (60.5 %) of all cases (n = 157) respectively. About 50 % of these animals were reported to be in the second or third stage of gestation. 15 (10.6 %) of 142 questionnaires providing information about the foetus, state that the foetus showed visible vital signs after the death of the mother, but in one case the foetus was euthanized subsequently. Conclusions: The results show that the slaughter of pregnant cattle is a common and widespread practice in German abattoirs. The SCVPH’s assumption that pregnant cattle are only slaughtered in rare exceptional cases can no longer be maintained. The high proportion of foetuses in the second and third gestational stage must also be considered. In this context the implementation of suitable studies and detailed analysis of the current situation is indispensable to ensure the high standards in animal welfare in Germany and Europe.
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Peyrat, Marie-Bénédicte. "Étude de l’influence du nettoyage et de la désinfection et des procédés d’abattage en abattoir de volailles sur le niveau de résistance aux antibiotiques des campylobacters." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S038.
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Les campylobacters sont des bactéries responsables d’entérites chez l’homme. La viande de volaille est une source de contamination. Les stress subis par les bactéries au cours des procédures de nettoyage et désinfection et des procédés d’abattage des volailles pourraient favoriser la sélection de gènes de résistance aux antibiotiques. Afin d’explorer cette hypothèse, des prélèvements dans 4 abattoirs de volailles ont été réalisés. Les niveaux de résistance des campylobacters isolés ont été déterminés pour 6 antibiotiques et 2 substances actives entrant dans la composition de désinfectants. Des souches isolées dans l’environnement des abattoirs après nettoyage et désinfection et sur les carcasses de volailles avant l’entrée en salle de ressuage, ont été génotypées avec la technique de PCR-RFLP des gènes Pfla/gyrA et flaA. Nos résultats montrent d’une part que les campylobacters survivent aux opérations de nettoyage et de désinfection. D’autre part, les opérations d’abattage et les procédures de nettoyage et désinfection dans les abattoirs de volailles ne semblent pas favoriser la sélection de souches de campylobacter résistantes aux antibiotiquesCampylobacter is a common cause of human bacterial enteritis and consumption of poultry products is a major source of human infection. It has been suggested that disinfectants and environmental stress can lead to changes in the nature and scale of antibiotic resistance expressed by bacteria. In order to investigate this hypothesis, sampling of poultry and environment in 4 unrelated slaughterhouses were conducted. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against 6 antibiotics and 2 disinfectants were measured for all the isolates collected. Genotype profile of selected isolates collected after cleaning and disinfection and from poultry carcasses was done by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism of P/fla///gyr/A and /fla/A genes. Our results indicate that campylobacter is able to survive overnight on surfaces of poultry slaughterhouses and that these strains may contaminate carcasses during the slaughter process. Our results also suggest that cleaning and disinfection procedures and shlaughter procces don’t lead to increase antibiotic resistance in campylobacter
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Govender, R. "Advancing the hygiene management system at poultry abattoirs in Gauteng, South Africa." Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 10, Issue 3: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/618.
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Published ArticleThe Meat Safety Act, Act 40 of 2000 compels all registered abattoirs in South Africa to implement and maintain a Hygiene Management System (HMS) to ensure the safe processing of meat. The HMS is a basic food safety system that focuses on process standards that are designed to reduce the risk of contamination of meat and meat products during processing. Part of the Poultry regulations provide the requirements of HMS and were published by government on the 24th of February 2006. However, no guidelines were published or made available to poultry abattoir operators on how to interpret and implement the requirements of the HMS. The aim of this research was to determine the extent of HMS implementation at poultry abattoirs in Gauteng. The intention was to identify short comings, if any, within implemented HMSs with the intention of promoting compliance. This was achieved by developing common themes from research audit findings. These themes were then used to suggest critical areas that should be addressed during the development of an HMS implementation guideline document.
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Philipp, Élisabeth. "Approvisionnement de Paris en viande : entre marchés, abattoirs et entrepôts 1800-1970." Paris, CNAM, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CNAM0445.
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L’évolution de la filière viande, marchés, abattoirs et entrepôts participe de l’histoire industrielle de Paris. L’histoire de l’approvisionnement de Paris en viande reflète l’adaptation d’une branche de l’agroalimentaire soumise à deux objectifs : nourrir la population qui s’urbanisait, augmentait et s’étalait dans la ville en train de se construire ; fournir à l’industrie les sous-produits d’abattage, matières premières directement traitées dans l’industrie agroalimentaire et dans l’industrie chimique. La mise en place progressive du réseau et sa disparition des lieux de son évolution a été l’occasion d’étudier les aspects directement observables : la spatialisation des professionnels et leurs stratégies dans les lieux de production, soumis à une réglementation évolutive en relation avec les contraintes séculaires répondant aux obligations urbaines d’hygiène et de sécurité, et surtout de salubrité des viandes. Ce dernier aspect est toujours d’actualitéThe evolution of the Paris meat business activity, its markets, slaughterhouses and warehouses, is intrinsically part of the city’s industrial history. The history of Paris’ meat supply reflects the transformation of a sector of the agroalimentary industry driven by two objectives: feed a growing, increasingly urban population spreading across the developing city; provide the industry with meat-offing by products for use as raw materials in agroalimentary and chemical industries. The progressive development of the network and its disappearance from historical locations has provided the opportunity to study readily observable patterns: the geographical spreading of meat professionals and the diversification of their strategies in production sites, under an set of rules evolving in response to urban health and safety regulations, and in particular meat conservation regulations. This aspect is still crucial today
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Katsande, T. C., and R. Govender. "A microbiological survey of fresh meat processed at abattoirs in Gauteng, South Africa." Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 12, Issue 2: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/659.
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Published ArticleThe abattoir Hygiene Management System (HMS) was regulated in South Africa under the Meat Safety Act 40 of 2000. Presently, there is no national regulated microbiological standard to compare against meat tested at abattoirs as an indicator of good hygiene practices. The aim of the study was to establish a provincial guideline for a microbiological baseline. This may be used to verify the performance of the implemented HMS. Thirty red meat and twenty-two poultry abattoirs were sampled to determine baseline Total Bacterial Counts (TBCs). The results of this study were compared to standards presently used in the United Kingdom (UK). The results compared favourably.
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Petitclerc, Anne. "Contribution à la valorisation des déchets d'abattoirs au Sénégal par fermentation méthanique." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ECAP0027.
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Recensement des substrats fermenticibles non encore valorisés dans la région sénégalaise de la presqu'ile du Cap-Vert. Analyse technologique chimique microbiologique économique des substrats et de leur transformation par ce procédé
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Dugué, Bernard. "Intervention ergonomique dans un abattoir multi espèces : de l'état des lieux à la conduite de projets : les apports de l'ergonomie à l'analyse des processus de négociation collective d'entreprise /." Bordeaux : Université Victor Segalen-Bordeaux 2-ISPED, Laboratoire d'ergonomie des systèmes complexes, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37652541v.
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Hlasa, Mahali Amelia. "The characterisation of noise levels in various throughput abattoirs during the slaughtering of different species." Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/68.
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Thesis (M. Tech.) - Central University of Technology, Free State, 2006Occupational noise affects industries in many countries around the world, and there is strong evidence from previous research linking it to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). More than 30 million workers in the United States of America alone were exposed to hazardous noise at the workplace before 1998. In South Africa, workers are not supposed to be exposed to a noise rating limit at or above 85dB(A). Abattoir employees are subjected to high noise levels when compared to the occupational noise rating limit of 85dB(A). Noise is generated from various mechanised and manual processes and activities in the abattoir during the slaughter of different animal species. Noise sources include conveyers, circular saws, air conditioners and pumps, pneumatic and other mechanical equipment. The aim of this study was to characterise noise exposure in different grades of abattoirs during the slaughter of cattle and sheep. The grading of abattoirs was previously done according to Grade A-E. Grade A-C is now referred to as high throughput abattoirs while Grade D and E are referred to as low throughput abattoirs. Personal and environmental noise exposure levels of workers in Grade A, C and D abattoirs in the Free State were therefore investigated. Noise measurements were done in accordance with the methods stipulated in the South African National Standards (SANS) Code of Practice 10083. Environmental and personal sampling were conducted with a calibrated Type 1 Quest integrated sound level meter (ISLM) and a Quest noise dosimeter respectively. Calibration was checked before and after taking measurements to ensure reliability and validity of results. The average noise exposure level in the high throughput abattoirs was above the recommended standard of 85dB(A). In the low throughput abattoirs the noise exposure levels were below this level. There were no statistically significant differences between the noise exposure levels during the slaughter of different species (P>0.05), or between Grade A and Grade C (P>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) however between Grade A and Grade D noise exposure levels. The results indicate that workers in Grade A and C abattoirs are exposed to unacceptable noise levels. Further research is recommended to include all categories of abattoirs and to determine the impact of noise exposure on the worker’s hearing in order to develop strategies to protect employees from the effects of excessive exposure to noise.
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Salvat, Gilles. "Développement de quelques outils nécessaires à l'application de la méthode HACCP dans les abattoirs de volailles." Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/1997BRES2031.
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L'application de la méthode HACCP lors de la production de viandes de volailles crues se heurte a deux obstacles majeurs : le peu de méthodes rapides utilisables pour la surveillance et la vérification du système ; le faible nombre de CCP permettant une réelle élimination des micro-organismes pathogènes. Fort de ces deux constats, le présent travail a été entrepris afin de mettre au point une méthode d'impédancemétrie utilisable pour le dénombrement rapide de pseudomonas sp dans les viandes d'une part, et d'évaluer les conséquences sur l'écologie microbienne des carcasses de volailles d'un traitement de décontamination utilisant des orthophosphates d'autre part. L'assemblage d'un milieu de culture pour le dénombrement des pseudomonas sp. En impedancemétrie a été réalise. La formulation mise au point et baptisée mcccd a été testée sur des peaux de cous de poules et a permis de détecter spécifiquement pseudomonas sp en moins de 19 h. L'efficacité de différents traitements potentiellement utilisables pour la décontamination des viandes de volailles (tween 80, mannose, na h#2po#2, k#3po#4, na#3po#4), dont l'un est utilise commercialement (na#3po#4 : procédé avgard), a été évaluée. A l'exception du mannose, tous les agents testes ont montre une efficacité significative pour la diminution des principales flores pathogènes et d'altération, mais seuls les phosphates ont permis une diminution exploitable industriellement. Ainsi, le procédé avgard a démontré son efficacité sur l'ensemble des bactéries a coloration de gram négative et dans une moindre mesure sur listeria monocytogenes. L'utilisation d'une méthode originale de dénombrement des salmonelles a permis de démontrer qu'une réduction de 2 log10 était effective pour ces bactéries. Enfin, les effets de avgard sur la flore psychrotrophe des carcasses de volailles ont permis de démontrer l'action discrète mais mesurable sur listeria monocytogenes, mais hautement significative sur pseudomonas. La quasi disparition de ce genre bactérien laisse la place à une flore constituée pour l'essentiel de brochothrix thermosphacta. L'utilisation raisonnée du procédé devrait permettre de garantir une plus grande sécurité des consommateurs lors de la manipulation et de la consommation de viandes de volailles fraîches.
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Haddad, Pierre. "L'affaire de la Villette : défaite de la technique ou de l'imagination ? /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb354860674.
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Pujol-Dupuy, Céline. "Analyse et modélisation des données d’inspection en abattoir dans l’objectif de contribuer à la surveillance épidémiologique de la population bovine." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10335/document.
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L'abattoir est un observatoire privilégié de la santé des bovins, permettant d'envisager une surveillance de la population bovine à partir des données d'inspection sanitaire qui y sont collectées. Mais la valorisation épidémiologique de ces données fait face à des difficultés (complexité des données, nombreux mouvements des bovins de leur naissance à l'abattoir). Afin de gérer cette complexité, une approche statistique (analyse multifactorielle et classification mixte) associée à des avis d'experts ont permis d'établir une typologie des lésions observées à l'abattoir. Une dizaine de groupes lésionnels ont été identifiés qui relèvent de divers domaines tels que la santé animale, la protection animale ou la santé publique. Les données d'abattoir peuvent être utilisées pour la surveillance de maladies ciblées telles que la cysticercose bovine. Des indicateurs de surveillance robustes ont été élaborés pour permettre la comparaison des prévalences de cette zoonose dans le temps et l'espace. Une méthode innovante de prise en compte de l'incertitude liée au lieu d'infestation des animaux a été mise en oeuvre pour identifier les zones à risque plus élevé d'infestation. Un tel outil sera mobilisable pour la mise en oeuvre ultérieure d'une inspection basée sur le risque visant à améliorer l'efficience de l'inspection en abattoir. L'utilisation des données d'abattoir pour la mise en place d'un dispositif de surveillance syndromique a par ailleurs été investiguée par modélisation de la proportion hebdomadaire de bovins ayant fait l'objet d'une saisie totale. Une évaluation des performances de plusieurs algorithmes de détection d'anomalies temporelles a été menée sur données simuléesThe slaughterhouse is a unique dedicated vantage point from which to observe bovine health, making it possible to consider implementation of bovine surveillance based on meat inspection data. But the exploitation of these data for epidemiological purposes is not without difficulties (data complexity, large number of cattle movements from birth to slaughter). In order to deal with the data complexity issue, a statistical approach (multiple factor analysis in combination with clustering methods), in addition to the gathering of expert opinions, enables us to create a typology of the lesions detected at the slaughterhouse. Approximately ten lesion groups were identified which cover various areas including animal heath, animal welfare and public health. Meat inspection data can be used for the surveillance of targeted diseases such as bovine cysticercosis. Robust surveillance indicators have been created to enable prevalence comparisons of this zoonosis over time and space. An innovative approach that takes into account uncertainty regarding the location where the animal became infected was implemented to identify areas of higher risk of infection. A similar method could be used for the implementation of a future risk-based meat inspection initiative so as to improve meat inspection efficiency. The use of meat inspection data for the implementation of a syndromic surveillance system was investigated using a temporal analysis of the weekly proportion of whole carcass condemnations, and assessment of the performance of several algorithms for temporal aberration detection was conducted on simulated data
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Verhoef, Geoffrey D., and mikewood@deakin edu au. "An experimental study of abattoir wastewater treatment from an economic perspective." Deakin University. School of Ecology and Environment, 2002. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20060728.094000.
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The most cost effective treatment scheme for effluent from Midfield Meats, an abattoir in Warrnambool, Australia, was evaluated via a series of laboratory and commercial scale experiments. Effectiveness was measured in terms of suspended solids (SS) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) reduction. Economic assessment was based on predicted reduction in trade waste charges versus infrastructure and running costs. From the range of potential treatment technologies, those deemed most appropriate for trialling included pre-screening, sedimentation, coagulation and flocculation treatment and dissolved air floatation (DAF). Prior to evaluation of treatment types, flow, loads and contaminant characterisation of the waste streams was conducted to aid in selection of treatment type and capacity. Prescreening was found to be the most cost effective, followed by sedimentation, coagulation and flocculation treatment and finally DAF. The most economical treatment scheme that satisfied the requirements of Midfield Meats included a combination of prescreening and sedimentation. DAF and coagulation and flocculation treatment satisfactorily treated the wastewater, however were not cost effective under the current trade waste agreement.
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Villeneuve-Tremblay, Kevin. "Leviers, obstacles et répertoire de l’action syndicale sur la charge de travail : le cas des abattoirs de porc québécois." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66821.
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L’intensification du travail est un phénomène présent en Occident depuis la fin des Trente Glorieuses et qui fait partie du quotidien de la plupart des travailleurs et travailleuses. Les écrits scientifiques sur l’intensification du travail traitent grandement des causes et des conséquences de celle-ci, mais peu des moyens d’action afin d’y faire face. En ce sens, la posture syndicale face à celle-ci reste à documenter. Ce mémoire s’intéresse ainsi aux leviers et obstacles à l’action syndicale sur la charge de travail ainsi qu’au répertoire d’action utilisé. Le secteur d’activité à l’étude est celui de l’abattage de porcs au Québec. Bien que ce secteur représente un terreau fertile pour le syndicalisme québécois, en plus d’être un pôle économique majeur, très peu d’études s’y sont intéressées. Justement, dans un secteur où la charge de travail est importante comment les syndicats composent-ils avec celle-ci, dans ses différentes composantes ? Le cadre conceptuel proposé s’inspire des travaux de Craypo (1994) et de Lévesque & Murray (2010). Notre étude se base sur une recherche documentaire importante dans la presse, sur une analyse des conventions collectives du secteur ainsi que sur 14 entrevues semi-dirigées avec des personnes impliquées syndicalement auprès (conseillers syndicaux et élus nationaux) ou dans les abattoirs de porc (élus locaux). Cette étude fait partie de la phase II de l’étude « L’action syndicale en santé et sécurité du travail », dirigée par la professeure Geneviève Baril-Gingras. Elle cherche à comprendre les leviers et obstacles à l’action syndicale locale en SST. Ce mémoire fait état de la difficulté des syndicats de composer avec la problématique de la charge de travail, principalement causée par le caractère vétuste de la législation du travail et la mondialisation de l’économie, tout en soulignant des pistes de solution provenant tant du Québec que de l’étranger.
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Muller, Séverin. "Sociologie du risque sanitaire dans les abattoirs : des établissements municipaux aux sites industriels de 1869 à 2000." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA082008.
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Les abattoirs figurent parmi les plus anciennes institutions classées administrativement comme "dangereuses". En 1996, après la crise de "l'ESB", l'Etat et la grande distribution demandent aux abattoirs de développer des procédés de maîtrise des risques. Ces mesures, importées d'industries à haute technologie, consistent à adopter des dispositifs de gestion des imprévus et à former le personnel aux risques sanitaires, alors que la viande n'est pas standardisée et que le travail repose sur un savoir-faire manuel. La thèse étudie ce processus en cours et les tensions qui le caractérisent, en le replaçant dans une histoire de longue durée et dans le cadre d'ensemble que constitue un abattoir, avec son organisation et son personnel. L'étude historique s'appuie sur les archives d'un abattoir municipal de 1869 à 1977. La sociologie des abattoirs repose sur une observation participante dans un des plus importants abattoirs industriels français de 1998 à 1999. . .
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Roberts, H. A. "Problems and solutions of waste handling practices at red meat abattoirs in the Free State province, South Africa." Interim : Interdisciplinary Journal: Vol 9, Issue 1: Central University of Technology Free State Bloemfontein, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/345.
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Published ArticleThe waste management practices used at red-meat abattoirs in the Free State province for disposal of condemned products generated in abattoirs and the problems associated with the different waste disposal methods were investigated. Problems caused by various products generated at abattoirs. such as abattoir waste water, blood, stomach contents, manure, whole carcasses, fetuses and all products unsuitable for human consumption requiring disposal were identified. Recommended solutions took into account the most effective handling manner, causing minimum environmental pollution, reducing any health risks to communities, and converting condemned products into value-added by-products by changing certain waste management processes / strategies. The handling of waste, specifically of condemned products, at 78 red meat abattoirs was analysed.
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Nyamakwere, Faith. "Microbiological analyses of beef slaughtering process and meat safety knowledge of handlers at selected high and low thoughput abattoirs." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2238.
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The objective of the study was to evaluate meat hygiene practices among meat handlers and microbiological analysis of beef carcasses, slaughtermen hands, equipment and water from low throughput (LTA) and high throughput (HTA) abattoirs in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. In stage one of the study, the level of knowledge, practices and attitudes towards meat safety and personal hygiene of slaughtermen were assessed. Forty workers directly involve in beef cattle slaughtering process were surveyed. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, it contained questions on some of the most important meat safety cues such as knowledge, attitudes, personal hygiene and handling practices. Cross tabulation and Chi-square Test of Association were performed to examine the relationships between the demographic information and the knowledge regarding meat safety using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Overall, a significant adherence to basic hygiene practices and a satisfactory level of knowledge were observed. Workers from a HTA yielded comparatively better statistically significant scores. Moreover, knowledge and practices of respondents were significantly associated (P<0.05) due to educational level and professional training. The second stage of the study involved evaluating the level to which cattle carcass, equipment, slaughtermen hands and water were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae, Salmonella, Escherichia coli and aerobic colony counts (ACC) at different stages during the slaughter process (skinning, evisceration, carcass slitting, inspection, washing and packing). Cattle carcasses were sampled at four sites (rump, neck, flank and brisket) from a LTA (n= 240) and HTA (n= 384) abattoirs. Using conventional biochemical tests, HTA yielded significantly (P<0.05) higher ACC (5.2 log CFU/cm2), E. coli (2.6 log CFU/cm2) and Enterobacteriaceae (2.9 log CFU/cm2) carcass mean scores than LTA after skinning and evisceration. Specific abattoir hygiene differences were noted from washed and chilled carcasses. Salmonella was not detected across all sampled slaughter process stages. In addition, the equipment had bacterial load ranging from 10 to 4 CFU/cm2 for LTA, whereas in HTA this was found to be 7 to 3 CFU/cm2. The bacterial counts for slaughtermen hands were estimated to be 15 to 8 CFU/cm2 in HTA and 10 to 5 CFU/cm2 in LTA. Overall, slaughtermen hands and equipment in the dirty area (skinning and evisceration) yielded more bacterial counts compared to those in the clean area (slitting, inspection, washing and packing) from both abattoirs. For all the sampled carcasses, equipment and slaughtermen hands, HTA yielded comparatively higher (P<0.05) bacterial counts than the LTA. Although the results showed a significant adherence to basic hygiene practices, some aspects such as routine medical examination, health certificates and professional training of slaughtermen still need to be improved. Therefore, these findings show that slaughtermen, equipment and water can be sources of contamination during the slaughter process.
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Gana, Shalati. "Evaluation of implementation of food safety legislation in the red meat abattoirs of Mopani District, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1349.
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Thesis ( MPH.) --University of Limpopo,2014.Introduction: To evaluate the food safety legislation (FSL) implementation in the red meat abattoirs of Mopani district in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Method: A cross sectional survey was conducted. Sampling: A questionnaire was distributed to abattoir managers of various red meat abattoirs. From 16 abattoirs with a population 169, a sample of 22 was selected. Results: The study revealed that 77% managers were male. Majority of managers were aged 40 and 59 years. Work experience was between 20 to 25 years. Educational background: thirty seven percent (37%) of managers hold certificates on various disciplines, mostly not food safety related. Fifty-four percent (54%) managers did not have food safety knowledge. Fifty-nine percent (59%) abattoirs did not comply with food safety practices. Twenty seven percent (27%) of the structures did not comply with R.1072. The pieces of FSL were less implemented by DoH&SD and DTI. Hygiene Management Systems showed slow progress. Sixty-four percent (64%) abattoirs did not receive training on HMS and PRPs. Very few abattoirs had multi-disciplinary skilled personnel to implement FSL. Abattoirs were reluctant to financial commitment to implement FSL. Eighty two percent (82%) of abattoirs did not involve all stakeholder during planning and decision making process. Conclusion: The red meat abattoirs of Mopani district did not comply with all standards and requirements of food safety legislation. Factors such as educational background in basics of food safety principles, involvement of role players during implementation process, prevented successful implementation of food safety legislation in the red meat abattoirs of Mopani district. Food safety knowledge and practices of management and malpractice of FSL were determined, results showed that majority lack adequate food safety knowledge and poor food safety practices were identified. One of the recommendation was to establish FSL enforcement forum to develop a FSL strategy.
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Dromigny, Éric. "Les bactéries du genre campylobacter à l'abattoir : étude chez la dinde et les animaux de boucherie et de charcuterie." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO11716.
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Bouvet, Jérôme. "Identification du danger lié aux Escherichia coli vérotoxiques (VTEC) et à Escherichia coli O157-H7 en abattoir et découpe de porc." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10062.
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Les Escherichia coli verotoxiques (VTEC), et plus particulièrement le sérotype O157:H7, sont aujourd'hui des agents pathogènes d'origine alimentaire considérés comme importants en santé publique. La viande de porc n'est qu'exceptionnellement impliquée dans les accidents alimentaires dus aux VTEC. Cependant, la prévalence des VTEC dans la viande de porc n'est pas connue en France. Il est donc important de disposer de données sur l'épidémiologie de ces germes en abattoir et découpe de porc, afin d'évaluer l'importance du risque et de le maîtriser efficacement. Notre étude a été réalisée dans trois ateliers d'abattage et de découpe de porc. Sur les 4 469 échantillons analysés par PCR (produits carnés, fèces, environnement) aucun n'a été détecté positif en E. Coli O157:H7 verotoxique et 16 % ont été détectés positifs en VTEC (présence des gènes stx). Sur 2 800 échantillons de couenne et viande prélevés par excision (NF V04-501) sur carcasses réfrigérées et pièces de découpe, 12 % sont positifs en VTEC par PCR. Les porcs vivants sont des sources d'introduction de VTEC à l'abattoir. Un tiers (56/182) des porcs est détecté porteur fécal et près de la moitié des carcasses (83/182) est contaminée en surface. Au cours des opérations d'abattage la contamination de surface des carcasses diminue, elle reste stable lors du ressuage. La moitié des carcasses réfrigérées est contaminée en VTEC (75/150), mais la contamination n'est pas massive. Les pièces de découpe sont peu contaminées en VTEC, 12 % en moyenne, les pièces brutes l'étant davantage (19 %) que les pièces découennées désossées (5 %). La contamination des locaux d'abattage et de découpe augmente significativement au cours de l'activité d'où le rôle vraisemblable de l'environnement dans les contaminations croisées et la nécessité d'un nettoyage-désinfection efficace en fin d'activité. A partir de 598 échantillons positifs en VTEC par PCR, 116 isolats ont été obtenus par hybridation sur boîtes. Un seul semble potentiellement pathogène au vu de l'analyse de ses facteurs de virulence. En conséquence, les VTEC dont E. Coli O157:H7 ne représentent pas un risque sanitaire majeur en abattage-découpe de porc. Outre les bonnes pratiques hygiéniques habituellement préconisées en abattage-découpe de porc, aucune mesure préventive spécifique à ce danger microbiologique ne semble nécessaire.
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Leconte, Danielle. "Contribution à l'étude de la valorisation du cruor des abattoirs : application de l'ultrafiltration à la préparation d'hydrolysats peptidiques à partir de l'hémoglobine bovine." Compiègne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989COMPD159.
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L'hydrolyse enzymatique d'un hémolysat de cruor, coproduit d’abattage actuellement mal valorisé est réalisée dons un réacteur à ultrafiltration pour une production en continu et à l’échelle pilote d'hydrolysats peptidiques à haute valeur ajoutée. L'état actuel de la valorisation du sang total, du plasma et du cruor, est développé dans la partie bibliographique de cette thèse. Le procédé d'obtention des hydrolisats d'hémoglobine, qui a été mis au point et optimisé au niveau pilote, met en œuvre des techniques de purification performantes, extrapolables au stade industriel, telles que : - La réaction ultrafiltration. 390 litres d'hémolysat sont hydrolysés en continu par la pepsine, à pH=2 et à 40°C dans un réacteur de 90 litres couplé à un appareil d’ultrafiltration. Des membranes minérales de seuils de coupure différents (10 000 et 20 000 daltons) ont été utilisées pour étudier l’influence du film ultrafiltrant sur les hydrolysats peptidiques produits. Cette technique, appliquée pendant plus de 24 heures à l’échelle pilote, permet d'obtenir des hydrolysats peptidiques d'hémoglobine peu colorés avec un rendement peptidique compris entre 70 et 80 %. - La décoloration des hydrolysats, dans une cuve agitée et thermostatée à 40°C, par adsorption des peptides héminiques sur la magnésie lourde. Le rendement de cette étape, après optimisation par une étude cinétique au laboratoire est de 90 %. - Le dessalement des hydrolysats peptidiques par électrodyalyse avec un rendement peptidique de 90 %. Les hydrolysats sont conditionnés sous forme de poudre après avoir concentrés sur évaporateurs à flot tombant ou à film mince agité et séchés par atomisation. Le rendement global du procédé est de 50 % (7-6 kg de poudre peptidique). La caractérisation des hydrolysats peptidiques obtenus prouve les parfaites définitions et reproductibilité de leur composition en acides aminés permettant leur expérimentation dans des domaines d'application exigeants tels que la nutrition entérale des prématurés, la thérapeutique vétérinaire et les milieux de culture.
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Monaghan, Áine Marie. "Investigations on the serotypes and virulence profiles of non-O157 Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) isolated from bovine farms and abattoirs." Thesis, Ulster University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.695311.
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This study focuses on emerging E. coil serotypes and has developed methods for the isolation and identification of non-0157 STEC and EPEC. A basal medium for the isolation of these pathogens was developed as well as a serogroup specific PCR assay for the detection of the 02 serogroup. These culture and molecular based techniques have proven to be valuable in the detection, identification, and epidemiological investigation of these groups of emerging pathogens. These methods were applied to 1) a farm study, whereby samples (faecal and soil) and 2) an abattoir study, whereby samples (hide and carcass) were analysed for the presence of non-0157 STEC and EPEC. Isolates were subsequently characterised in terms of serotype/serogroup and virulence markers. The data generated by this work has illustrated the extent of non-0157 STEC and EPEC contamination in the farm and abattoir environments, thus providing scientific background upon which control strategies may be based.
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Gautier, Amandine. "Douleurs en chaîne : une approche multi-niveaux de la santé au travail des agents de l’État en abattoir." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2141.
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Cette thèse examine la question de la santé au travail des agents publics en abattoir dans sa multi-dimensionnalité. Elle livre une analyse du travail dans le secteur public non seulement à partir de son cadre institutionnel, mais aussi des multiples interactions, souvent interdépendantes, entre l’activité, les organisations et la trajectoire de la politique du contrôle en abattoir. Elle bat en brèche à la fois la présomption de qualité au travail dans le secteur public et la forte étanchéité de ce secteur. Elle montre comment les douleurs sont négociées, entre activité quotidienne et dispositifs de déclaration en maladie professionnelle et de reclassement. A partir des années 2000, une part croissante des agents de l’Etat en abattoir souffrent de troubles musculo-squelettiques. Les TMS sont l’occasion pour l’encadrement intermédiaire de négocier avec les abattoirs mais aussi d’énoncer le « vrai travail » des agents en abattoir. La mise sur l'agenda de la santé au travail des agents affectés dans les abattoirs surgit dans le contexte de redéfinition des missions de l'Etat et les évolutions de la politique du contrôle en abattoir contribuent tantôt à faire émerger la santé au travail, tantôt à l’occulter en laissant de côté la question du devenir des agents dont les missions évoluent et dont le métier est susceptible de disparaître. Au croisement de la sociologie des groupes professionnels, de la santé au travail et de la sociologie de l’action publique, le cadre d’analyse propose d’articuler les régulations liées à la santé et aux conditions de travail à celles de l’activité et du métier d’inspecteur lui-mêmeThis thesis considers the occupational health of public officials in slaughterhouses in its multi-dimensionality. It provides an analysis of work in the public sector, not only from its institutional framework, but also from the many interactions, often interdependent, between the activity, the organizations and the trajectory of food safety policy. It undermines both the presumption of quality at work in the public sector and the strong tightness of this sector. It shows how pain is negotiated, between daily activity and occupational disease reporting and reclassification schemes. From the 2000s, a growing proportion of officials in slaughterhouses suffered from musculoskeletal disorders. MSDs are an opportunity for middle management to negotiate with slaughterhouses, but also to state the "real work" of slaughterhouse agents. The agenda setting of the occupational health of the agents affected in the slaughterhouses arises in the context of redefining the missions of the State and the evolutions of the food safety policy contribute sometimes to make emerge health at work, to overshadow it by leaving aside the question of the future of those officials whose missions evolve and whose profession is liable to disappear. At the crossroads between the sociology of professions, occupational health and the sociology of public action, the analysis framework proposes to articulate the regulations related to health and working conditions to those of the activity and the profession of inspector himself
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Haddad, Pierre. "Les chevillards de la Villette : naissance, vie et mort d'une corporation." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100051.
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Ce travail de recherche est consacre a l'étude d'une corporation aujourd'hui disparue, celle des chevillards de la villette, autrement dit des bouchers en gros. Disposant de la presque totalité des archives du syndicat général du commerce en gros des viandes de paris-la villette, je me suis attache a dépeindre ce monde clos qu'était celui des abattoirs en m'inspirant également de mon expérience personnelle. La première partie porte sur un bref historique des anciens abattoirs de paris. Nous pénétrons ensuite au coeur du sujet : "le commerce a la cheville". J'explique ce qu'étaient les chevillards de la villette, leur rôle au sein de la filière viande, leur mentalité et leur comportement. J'ai essaye de recréer le climat général régnant a la villette en montrant les préoccupations de cette corporation confrontée a tous les grands événements qui ont marque l'histoire de notre pays. Mon champ de recherches s'étend de la naissance de la boucherie en gros, vers 1829, a la fermeture du complexe en 1974. Je me suis demande ce qui serait advenu si l'état n'avait pas décide de transformer l'opération de modernisation des abattoirs de la villette, initialement prévue, en une vaste entreprise comportant un abattoir prototype et une salle de vente monumentale. La fermeture autoritaire du complexe n'a-t-elle pas tout simplement hâté la disparition d'une corporation condamnée de toute façon par la grande mutation de 1970 - développement du circuit coopératif, de l'abattage industriel et de la grande distribution - a laquelle elle n'était nullement préparée ? C'est sur cette problématique a laquelle je m'efforce de répondre que s'achève cette étudeHis research examines the now extinct corporation of la Villette wholesale butchers. Having almost all of the general syndicate of wholesale meat trade archives at my disposal, I attempted to describe the enclosed world of the abattoirs, gathering inspiration from experience. The first part of the work is a brief history of the ancient Parisian abattoirs I then move on to the heart of the matter : "the wholesale selling of meat", I explain who la Villette's wholesale butchers were, their role in the meat sector, their mentality and their behaviour, attempting to reproduce the general atmosphere at la Villette by showing the corporation's concerns relating to all the major events shaping our country's history. My research spans the period from the birth of wholesale butchers around 1829 to the closure of the meat complex in march 1974. I wondered what would have happened hadn't the state decided to change the modernisation procedure at la Villette abattoirs into a vast undertaking comprising a prototype abattoir and a huge sale-room unparalleled in the world. Didn’t the authoritarian closure of the cattle market and the abattoir simply hasten the disappearance of a corporation already condemned by the large and sudden changes in 1970 (development of cooperative circuits, industrial slaughter and superlaket) which it wasn't ready for? I end study by attempting to answer this question
32
Sion, Ludivine. "Bio production à l’échelle pilote d’un hydrolysat peptidique à partir de sang entier bovin et porcin pour l’industrie du Petfood et l’alimentation animale : Identification et caractérisation des peptides actifs." Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R023.
Full textAbstract:
Le sang brut issu des abattoirs est une source importante de protéines. Il est actuellement peu valorisé, essentiellement par séchage ou par récupération de molécules plasmatiques après séparation centrifuge du plasma et du cruor. Ce co-produit est principalement composé d’hémoglobine, protéine riche en peptides actifs, tels que les peptides antimicrobiens, après hydrolyse par la pepsine porcine. L’objectif est de proposer une nouvelle stratégie de valorisation du sang, sans séparation plasma-cruor, tout en conservant les peptides bioactifs historiquement identifiés lors de l’hydrolyse pepsique de l’hémoglobine purifiée. Cette nouvelle voie, mise au point puis optimisée à l’échelle laboratoire, a été technologiquement transférée à l’échelle pilote. L’hydrolyse pepsique du sang a été premièrement mise au point à la concentration de 1% (p/v) en hémoglobine. Cette hydrolyse a mis en évidence la coexistence des mécanismes enzymatiques de type zipper et one-by-one pour l’apparition de la population peptidique. Les conditions d’hydrolyses (concentration en hémoglobine, choix de la pepsine, rapport enzyme-substrat, acide et temps d’hydrolyse) ont été optimisées en fixant une décoloration complète de l’hydrolysat ainsi que la conservation de la population peptidique. L’hydrolysat bioactif ainsi obtenu présente des propriétés antimicrobiennes et antioxydantes. Son analyse par spectrométrie de masse a permis la caractérisation de cet hydrolysat en terme de peptides issus de l’hémoglobine. Il ne possède aucune masse supérieure à 10 kDa, lui procurant ainsi une bonne digestibilité: son utilisation en alimentation animale en tant que complément alimentaire apparaît prometteuseRaw blood from slaughterhouses is an important source of proteins. This co-product, currently undervalued, is mainly composed of hemoglobin, a protein rich in active peptides such as antimicrobial peptides, after hydrolysis by porcine pepsin.The aim of this thesis is to propose a new strategy for the valorization of whole blood, without plasma-cruor separation. Preservation of identified bioactive peptides by pepsic hydrolysis of purified hemoglobin is required. This new way of blood valorization, developed and then optimized at laboratory scale, has been technologically transferred on a pilot scale (80 L).The pepsic hydrolysis of 70% bovine 30% porcine blood was first developed at 1% (w/v) of hemoglobin (23°C, 200 mL). This hydrolysis has demonstrated the coexistence of zipper and one by one enzymatic mechanism for the appearance of the peptide population. Hydrolysis parameters (hemoglobin concentration, industrial grade pepsin, enzyme-substrate proportion, acid allowing the sustainability of the hydrolysis pH and hydrolysis time) were optimized by fixing a complete discoloration of the hydrolysate as well as the preservation of the peptide population.The bioactive hydrolysate thus obtained contains antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Mass spectrometry analysis has shown the hydrolysate composition in terms of peptides derived from hemoglobin. No mass above 10 kDa have been found, providing it with a good digestibility: its use in pet food as a food supplement seems promising
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Ramrajh, Shashikala. "Participatory risk assessment for harvesting of impala (Aepyceros melampus) and the distribution of by-products." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26362.
Full textAbstract:
The demand for the control of safe food, from consumers the world over, has revolutionized the manner in which wild game meat harvesting occurs. In developed countries, food quality, food and human safety with quality controlling systems embracing environmental carbon footprint issues are constantly improving, for international harmonization at each level of production “from stable to table”, “farm to fork”, “field to yield” as well as from “cradle to grave”. Food industries globally have adopted the in Hazard Analysis Critical control Point (HACCP) system. This is a risk assessment process using Hygiene Assessment Systems (HAS) as a mitigating strategy for risk communication through training. It is also a holistic system that is compatible with international trends designed not only for food safety and quality, but it also embraces other aspects of farming such as animal welfare, environmental management and Occupational Safety and Health. Global marketing for international trade demands quality assurance from trading partners thereby promoting economic growth for developing countries. The watch dog bodies such as the World Trade Organisation (WTO) prohibit trading for non-compliance, therefore trade barriers are in place for uncertified food of animal origin, EU regulations are stringent requirements that need compliance and so too the OIE regulations for disease control, while the Codex Alimentarius Commission maintains trade harmonization. In South Africa Hygiene Assessment Systems (HAS) is a National Hygiene management strategy implemented at abattoirs, that promotes and facilitates quality and hygiene and is reflective of South African quality abroad. It is prescribed under the section, “Essential National Standards” in the Meat Safety Act, 2000, (Act 40 of 2000). This Act covers red meat and includes both domestic animals and game. The Veterinary Procedural Notices (VPN’s) are used for export of game and give far more detailed guidelines than the legislation for game meat sold and consumed locally in South Africa. The objective of the Hygiene Assessment System (HAS) is to create a national awareness of quality to better improve the quality of life of all South Africans, whilst at the same time it is used as an auditing tool for Veterinary Public Health to effectively compare essential standards within the nine provinces. Currently this programme is referred to as the National Abattoir Rating Scheme (NARS), which is only applicable to the high and low throughput Red Meat and Poultry abattoirs in South Africa and not to the Game or Rural abattoirs, thereby further compounding the duality of food standards with food safety being compromised. This study has been undertaken because there are inadequate risk control measures such as introduction of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) guidelines on primary and secondary meat inspection, specifically on game for local consumption, not only within South Africa, but in the international arena as well. A revision of the HAS document and audit will also be needed to meet with the local (not just export) criteria for wild game harvesting, to enable food safety, thus enabling food security in the remote non - agricultural areas in KwaZulu -Natal. Venison is the meat of today because of health priorities that have arisen over the last ten years. It is low in trans - fatty acids and is regarded internationally as a healthy product produced organically in a free range situation. South Africa has a large potential export market for venison to the European Union because the demand, for venison, exceeds supply in Europe. However, the European Union’s “safe food regulation” that was introduced between 2005 and 2007 with an implementation date of 2008 (Regulation1021/2008) has made it imperative that the HACCP principle is applied to any food or food product of animal origin imported into the European Union or its member states. Also, HACCP specifies that a multidisciplinary team of experts is selected. This then lends itself to a participatory approach to risk assessment as wide consultation is required. This participatory approach was used, including expert opinion surveys and focus group discussions with stakeholders and role-players in the game industry such as commercial hunters, state veterinary services and game ranch owners. Such participants may have better insight into existing conditions than external experts with recognised educational qualifications, usually used in the HACCP team. From this and the relevant Veterinary Procedural Notices for game harvesting, a HACCP process flow and critical control points were derived for the primary phase of meat inspection, including slaughter, primary meat inspection and loading for transport to the abattoir. This was modified during a phase or trial harvesting and then implemented during the harvest of 1758 impala carcasses which were subsequently exported. In addition, environmental risks were considered and a risk mitigation strategy designed, to reduce any possible environmental impacts. In northern Kwazulu Natal, game ranches and conservation areas are in close proximity to the rural poor where food is scarce and comes at a premium price. These game farms harvest seasonally for either the local or export market, hence there is abundance of game offal and by-products available, yet it is at present left in the field or taken to the vulture restaurants (in line with the VPN). Participatory risk analysis was thus also used to investigate the feasibility of using edible offal from impala (Aepyceros melampus) as a source of renewable protein, to address food security issues in impoverished communities in the study area, the districts of uPongola and Jozini, in northern KwaZulu Natal. Structured interviews on the cultural acceptability of impala offal were held with 162 randomly sampled adult respondents in veterinary districts associated with dip tanks. A two stage cluster design was used where the state veterinary areas were stage one and the dip tanks (with proportional random sampling of community members) were the second stage. Offal is a popular food in South Africa in different cultures, called “ithumbu” in IsiZulu, “ boti” by the Indian group, “afval” in Afrikaans and “tripe” in English. Generally demand outstrips supply of offal at red meat abattoirs in South Africa. It was found that there was no significant difference between those who would eat impala offal and those who would eat the offal of sheep. It was concluded that it is feasible to use inspected game offal from impala as a protein source in much the same way as red meat offal is used and that the current practice of leaving the offal for predators was likely, if it continues, to cause imbalances in the predator/ prey ratio on game farms. It is recommended that the VPN for game be amended to encompass inspected offal being allowed into the formal food chain, in line with the standard operating procedure developed during this study. Also that current fragmentation of legislation and the implementation thereof is revisited for effective control for harmonisation of food safety standards for game meat within South Africa.Dissertation (MMedVet)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Paraclinical Sciences
unrestricted
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Sion, Ludivine. "Bio production à l’échelle pilote d’un hydrolysat peptidique à partir de sang entier bovin et porcin pour l’industrie du Petfood et l’alimentation animale : Identification et caractérisation des peptides actifs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LILUR023.
Full textAbstract:
Le sang brut issu des abattoirs est une source importante de protéines. Il est actuellement peu valorisé, essentiellement par séchage ou par récupération de molécules plasmatiques après séparation centrifuge du plasma et du cruor. Ce co-produit est principalement composé d’hémoglobine, protéine riche en peptides actifs, tels que les peptides antimicrobiens, après hydrolyse par la pepsine porcine. L’objectif est de proposer une nouvelle stratégie de valorisation du sang, sans séparation plasma-cruor, tout en conservant les peptides bioactifs historiquement identifiés lors de l’hydrolyse pepsique de l’hémoglobine purifiée. Cette nouvelle voie, mise au point puis optimisée à l’échelle laboratoire, a été technologiquement transférée à l’échelle pilote. L’hydrolyse pepsique du sang a été premièrement mise au point à la concentration de 1% (p/v) en hémoglobine. Cette hydrolyse a mis en évidence la coexistence des mécanismes enzymatiques de type zipper et one-by-one pour l’apparition de la population peptidique. Les conditions d’hydrolyses (concentration en hémoglobine, choix de la pepsine, rapport enzyme-substrat, acide et temps d’hydrolyse) ont été optimisées en fixant une décoloration complète de l’hydrolysat ainsi que la conservation de la population peptidique. L’hydrolysat bioactif ainsi obtenu présente des propriétés antimicrobiennes et antioxydantes. Son analyse par spectrométrie de masse a permis la caractérisation de cet hydrolysat en terme de peptides issus de l’hémoglobine. Il ne possède aucune masse supérieure à 10 kDa, lui procurant ainsi une bonne digestibilité: son utilisation en alimentation animale en tant que complément alimentaire apparaît prometteuseRaw blood from slaughterhouses is an important source of proteins. This co-product, currently undervalued, is mainly composed of hemoglobin, a protein rich in active peptides such as antimicrobial peptides, after hydrolysis by porcine pepsin.The aim of this thesis is to propose a new strategy for the valorization of whole blood, without plasma-cruor separation. Preservation of identified bioactive peptides by pepsic hydrolysis of purified hemoglobin is required. This new way of blood valorization, developed and then optimized at laboratory scale, has been technologically transferred on a pilot scale (80 L).The pepsic hydrolysis of 70% bovine 30% porcine blood was first developed at 1% (w/v) of hemoglobin (23°C, 200 mL). This hydrolysis has demonstrated the coexistence of zipper and one by one enzymatic mechanism for the appearance of the peptide population. Hydrolysis parameters (hemoglobin concentration, industrial grade pepsin, enzyme-substrate proportion, acid allowing the sustainability of the hydrolysis pH and hydrolysis time) were optimized by fixing a complete discoloration of the hydrolysate as well as the preservation of the peptide population.The bioactive hydrolysate thus obtained contains antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Mass spectrometry analysis has shown the hydrolysate composition in terms of peptides derived from hemoglobin. No mass above 10 kDa have been found, providing it with a good digestibility: its use in pet food as a food supplement seems promising
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Ibrahim, Daniel Boabaid. "Avaliação da técnica de coloração AgNOR em células saudáveis de testículo de ovinos." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2012. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/270.
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Previous issue date: 2012-04-13The silver staining technique for AgNOR nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) is characterized by marking proteins linked to the ribosomal ribonucleic acid, evaluating cell proliferation. The aim was to study the validity of the AgNOR staining technique in the testicular cell proliferation in crossbred ovine. Was used treis pairs forty crossbred sheep testes between six and ten months old.Wilcoxon and Spearman tests were used with a significance level of 5%. The mean NORs count in cells of the gonads right and left were respectively: spermatogonia (8.77±1.14 and 9.04±0.96), spermatocyte (4.99±2.00 and 6.20±2.07, P<0.05), Leydig (8.05±2.82 and 7.89±2.29) and Sertoli cells (8.07±1.88 and 7.61±2.16; P<0.05). There was a correlation between the mean values for right and left sides for the number of NORs (P<0.05) between Leydig x spermatocytes (0.49); spermatocytes x Sertoli (0.49) and Sertoli x Leydig (0.96). The study demonstrates that the AgNOR staining technique is indicated to evaluate the cell proliferative potential in ovine testis with practical implementation and low cost.
A coloração pela prata das regiões organizadoras de nucléolos (NORs) é caracterizada por marcar proteínas ligadas ao ácido ribonucléico ribossômico, avaliando a proliferação em células normais ou neoplásicas. O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar em testículos de ovinos obtidos em matadouro a validade do uso da técnica de coloração AgNOR na proliferação de células saudáveis da linhagem espermatogênica. Utilizou-se 43 pares de testículos de ovinos mestiços entre seis e 10 meses de idade. Testes de Wilcoxon e Spearman foram empregados, com nível de 5%. As médias das NORs nas células das gônadas direita e esquerda foram respectivamente: espermatogônia (8,77±1,14 e 9,04±0,96), espermatócito (4,99±2,00 e 6,20±2,07; P<0,05), Leydig (8,05±2,82 e 7,89±2,29) e Sertoli (8,07±1,88 e 7,61±2,16; P<0,05). Houve correlação (P<0,05) entre os lados para o número de NORs: espermatócito x Leydig (0,49); espermatócito x Sertoli (0,49) e Leydig x Sertoli (0,96). Conclui-se ser válido o emprego da técnica AgNOR para avaliar o potencial proliferativo das células saudáveis em testículos de ovinos com prática execução e baixo custo.
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Przybylski, Rémi. "Stratégie de production, de fractionnement et de valorisation du peptide antimicrobien α137-141 à partir de l’hémoglobine et du cruor bovins." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10028/document.
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Le cruor bovin, déchet des abattoirs, est principalement composé d’hémoglobine, protéine riche en peptides antimicrobiens après hydrolyse par la pepsine porcine. L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une stratégie de valorisation de ce co-produit en produisant, séparant puis appliquant comme conservateur naturel de la viande un peptide antimicrobien : l’α137-141. L’hydrolyse pepsique de l’hémoglobine bovine purifiée a été validée sur le cruor (pH 3.5, 23°C, E/S = 1/11) et a permis de produire rapidement l’α137-141 selon un mécanisme zipper. L’hydrolyse enzymatique a également été réalisée à hautes concentrations en hémoglobine (1, 2, 5 et 8%, p/p), permettant de produire l’α137-141 à grande échelle.La séparation de l’α137-141 par électrodialyse couplée avec une membrane d’ultrafiltration (EDUF) a ensuite été effectuée selon plusieurs degrés d’hydrolyse, mettant en avant que celui de 5% était le plus favorable à l’enrichissement de l’α137-141. Pour augmenter sa pureté, le maintien du pH au sein de l’EDUF a permis à pH 9 d’enrichir l’α137-141 d’un facteur 75. Afin de valoriser au mieux le co-produit, la concentration peptidique a ensuite été augmentée jusqu’à 8% (p/p), permettant de récupérer jusqu’à 4 fois plus d’α137-141. Cette dernière fraction a montré une activité conservatrice de la viande hachée luttant contre le rancissement et la prolifération des bactéries, moisissures et levures jusqu’à 14 jours à 4°C, d’une manière aussi efficace que l’hydroxytoluène butylé (BHT), conservateur synthétique, prouvant que les fractions d’EDUF enrichies en α137-141 sont de prometteurs conservateurs naturels de la viande et dérivéesBovine cruor, a slaughterhouse by-product, is mainly composed by hemoglobin which is a rich source of antimicrobial peptides obtained by pepsic hydrolysis. The goal of this thesis is to valorize cruor by producing, separating and applying an antimicrobial peptide (α137-141) as a natural preservative on meat. Cruor hydrolysis showed the same enzymatic mechanism zipper and the same peptide production as observed during purified hemoglobin hydrolysis with the used parameters (pH 3.5, 23°C, E/S = 1/11). Hydrolysis produced rapidly the α137-141 and was carried out at high hemoglobin concentrations (1, 2, 5 and 8% w/v). Several hydrolysis degrees (DH) were investigated on the selective α137-141 separation by electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membranes (EDUF). The results showed that the most appropriated DH was of 5% to enrich fractions in α137-141. After that, the increase of α137-141 purity was studied by pH controlling. The best control was at pH 9 with a α137-141 purity increase of 75-folds. Then, the increase of feed peptide concentration (from 1 to 8% w/v) was studied on the α137-141 recovery to obtain the best by-product valorization. The 8% feed peptide concentration allowed a recovered concentration increase of 4-folds. This fraction was applied on meat as preservative and showed powerful antimicrobial effects against bacteria, yeasts and molds during 14 days under 4°C and a reduction of lipid oxidation to protect meat against rancidity. These effects were close to those of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), known to protect food, and showed that the fractions enrich in α137-141 by EDUF would be promising and natural preservative to protect meat and its derivatives
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陳明昕 and Ming-yan Chan. "Sheung Shui abattoir." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31982256.
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Chan, Ming-yan. "Sheung Shui abattoir." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25949469.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 1995.Includes special study report entitled: Odour pollutant emissions control methodologies: for an abattoir and other applications. Includes bibliographical references.
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Hedhili, Karima. "L’hydrolyse pepsique de l’hémoglobine bovine pure ou dans le cruor bovin (un coproduit d’abattoir) : modélisation des cinétiques d’apparition des peptides antibactériens obtenus et étude de leur valorisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10075.
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L'hydrolyse pepsique de l’hémoglobine bovine purifiée ou à partir d'un coproduit des abattoirs : le cruor, peut être considérée comme une voie importante d'obtention de peptides antibactériens. Une étude cinétique nous a permis de maîtriser cette hydrolyse et de déterminer un modèle mathématique capable de prédire la concentration de chaque peptides antibactériens des deux familles de peptides α 1-32 et α 107-141 et ceux pour un intervalle de température de 15-37°C, de pH de 3,5-5,5 et de rapport enzyme/substrat de 1/5-1/20. Le calcul des énergies d'activation pour les différentes réactions impliquées dans le mécanisme était effectué grâce à l’équation d’Arrhenius qui a permis d’étudier l’effet de la température sur les différents coefficients cinétiques. L’effet du pH et du rapport E/S était également étudié et le modèle trouvé a démontré une augmentation linéaire de la vitesse d’hydrolyse en diminuant le pH (entre 3,5 et 5,5) et une vitesse invariable avec le rapport E/S (1/5-1/20). L'étude de la relation structure-fonction des peptides antibactériens α 1-32 et α 137-141 a été effectuée grâce à un suivie de la cinétique de K+ extracellulaire en présence de Lisrea innocua et le déterminant antibactérien minimal a été déterminé pour le peptide α 137-141. La possibilité de valoriser les peptides antibactérien α 1-32 et α 137-141 dans un emballage bioactif pour la conservation des aliments contre le développement de bactéries pathogènes a été étudiée par l'adsorption de ces peptides en surface d'un film de polyéthylène basse densité, traité avec le plasma froidThe pepsin hydrolysis of purified bovine hemoglobin or from a co-product of slaughterhouses: cruor, can be considered as an important route for obtaining antibacterial peptides. A kinetic study has allowed us to control the hydrolysis and to determine a mathematical model able to predict the concentration of each antibacterial peptides of two families of peptides α 1-32 and α 107-141 and those of an interval of temperature 15-37°C, of pH 3,5-5,5 and ratio enzyme/substrate of 1/5-1/20 . The calculation of activation energies for the different reactions involved in the mechanism was made by the Arrhenius equation, which was used to study the effect of temperature on the various kinetic coefficients. The effect of pH and ratio E / S was also studied and the model found showed a linear increase in the rate of hydrolysis decreasing the pH ( between 3,5 and 5,5 ) and an invariable speed with the ratio E / S ( 1/5-1/20 ). The study of the structure-function relationship of antibacterial peptides α 1-32 and α 137-141 was carried out thanks to a followed the kinetics of extracellular K + in the presence of Lisrea innocua and the minimal determinant antibacterial was determined for the peptide α 137-141. The possibility to recovery the antibacterial peptides α 1-32 and α 137-141 in to a bioactive food packaging against the growth of pathogenic bacteria has been studied by the adsorption of these peptides on the surface of a low density polyethylene film treated with cold plasma
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Dias, Juliana Vergueiro Gomes. "O rigor da morte : a construção simbolica do animal de açougue na produção industrial brasileira." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279102.
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Orientador: Nadia FarageDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campina, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: A presente dissertação faz uma análise da construção do estatuto simbólico dos animais domésticos comestíveis no contexto industrial brasileiro contemporâneo. Toma como foco a produção animal, e, mais especificamente, sua fase final, o abate, que, articulando-se ao universo do consumo, constitui um forte momento simbólico na construção do comestível, isto é, a categoria histórica "animal de açougue". A indústria da carne pressupõe disjunções e afastamentos, que têm como resultado a produção de uma mercadoria, autônoma e distante de sua verdadeira origem, o animal. Dentre os mecanismos de afastamento promovidos pela indústria, o método do abate humanitário apresenta alto rendimento simbólico, pois permite a conjunção paradoxal entre a mitigação do sofrimento animal e a eficiência, súmula da lógica do capital industrial
Abstract: This work analyses the construction of the symbolic statute of the edible domestic animals in the contemporary brazilian industrial context. The focal point is on animal production and more specifically in its final phase, the slaughtering, which, in articulation with the universe of consumption, constitutes an important moment in the construction of the edible, i.e., the historical category of "meat animal". The meat industry presupposes disjunctions and distances, which result in the production of a commodity, autonomous and distant from its actual origin, the animal. Amongst the disjunction mechanisms promoted by the industry, the method of humane slaughter yields high symbolic results, since it permits the paradoxical gathering of the mitigation of animal suffering and the efficiency, epitome of the logic of the industrial capital
Mestrado
Mestre em Antropologia Social
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Bruckert, Michaël. "Une géographie de la viande au Tamil Nadu (Inde) : statuts, espaces et circulations." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040132.
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L’augmentation présumée de la consommation de viande en Inde, pays parfois décrit comme étant principalement végétarien, nourrit de nombreuses spéculations. Cette thèse vise à étudier les recompositions du statut de la viande en Inde, notamment dans l’Etat du Tamil Nadu, en accordant une attention particulière à la dimension spatiale de cet aliment. En Inde, la viande reste marginale : sa consommation est régulée par des logiques religieuses, morales, médicales ou économiques. Ses réseaux d’approvisionnement sont structurés par des contraintes écologiques et techniques mais aussi sociales et symboliques. Les abattoirs sont des lieux de conflit sur les usages et les significations des produits carnés. La visibilité des boucheries dans l’espace public est fortement contrôlée. Ainsi, la viande, notamment celle de bœuf, devient un aliment politique, support de revendications identitaires. Mais l’urbanisation, l’industrialisation et la connexion à l’espace-Monde modifient progressivement le rapport des Indiens à la viande. La massification des circuits carnés ne peut être niée. Les exportations de viande de buffle s’envolent. Au restaurant, la consommation de viande, notamment de poulet produit de façon intensive, devient pour la classe moyenne de Chennai une pratique statutaire. Pour autant, la transition alimentaire parfois prophétisée apparaît être une hypothèse erronée. La banalisation de la viande, circonscrite dans l’espace, va de pair avec une extrême différenciation des pratiques, en fonction des types de viandes, des individus, des contextes. En Inde, le rapport à la viande, véritable « substance biomorale », contribue à dessiner des géographies matérielles et idéelles, façonnant des territoires et des circuits, définissant des distances réelles ou symboliques entre les hommes et les animaux ou entre les groupes sociauxThe fact that meat consumption is allegedly on the rise in India, a country often depicted as primarily vegetarian, feeds speculation. By paying special attention to the spatial dimensions of this foodstuff, this thesis aims at investigating the recasting of the meanings of meat in this country, particularly in the State of Tamil Nadu. In India, meat consumption is still marginal. Its consumption is religiously, morally, medically and economically regulated. Ecological, technical, social and symbolic constraints shape its networks of provision. The uses and significations of the different meats are contested in slaughterhouses. In the public space, the visibility of butcheries is under strict control. Thus, the issue of meat, and especially of beef, is highly negotiated within the political arena, being leveraged by identity claims. But dynamics of urbanization, industrialization and globalization appear to be gradually reconfiguring the relation that Indians maintain with meat. Undeniably, meat is becoming commoditized, mass-produced. Buffalo meat exports are soaring. At the restaurant, the consumption of meat, especially of intensively reared chickens, becomes a marker of social status for the middle classes of Chennai. Yet, the assumed food transition turns out to be a flawed assumption. The secularization and growing acceptance of meat is restricted to peculiar places. Practices are highly differentiated by types of meat, by individuals and by contexts. In India, the way people interact with meat, an actual “biomoral substance”, contributes to drawing material and immaterial geographies, to shaping territories and circuits, to fixing real and symbolic distances between people and animals and between social groups
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Brady, A.-M. B. "Protein products enzymatically derived from abattoir waste." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370344.
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Lau, Chi-yung, and 劉智勇. "Need assessment for relocation of Cheung Sha Wan Abattoir." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31258013.
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Lau, Chi-yung. "Need assessment for relocation of Cheung Sha Wan Abattoir /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13357803.
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Kossen, James. "Techno economic assessment of abattoir waste treatment using microalgae." Thesis, Kossen, James (2016) Techno economic assessment of abattoir waste treatment using microalgae. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/33941/.
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Wastewater from Abattoir systems is highly concentrated with nutrients from the processes that occur in the day to day operation of the facilities. The current systems in place to treat this wastewater are usually lacklustre in regards to Nitrogen and Phosphorous reduction. The following thesis investigates the Techno Economics of installing a microalgae treatment system in order to reduce the overall Nitrogen and Phosphorous levels effectively. Microalgae growth has been shown to lower the levels of these nutrients as they are key growth components of biomass.
In order to find the Techno Economics a treatment system must first be designed for the abattoir waste. There is an extensive literature published in regards to abattoir waste loading including case studies from real abattoir systems. This literature data as well as the data from a local abattoir was used to find the total potential biomass that can be generated from the Nitrogen and Phosphorous loadings. With the total potential biomass calculated the land area required to generate the biomass was calculated using a specific microalgae growth rate in unit (g/m2/day). Once the land size was calculated the total pond system design began.
Using the literature data supplied by Meat and Livestock Australia (MLA) and the Australian Meat Processor Corporation (AMPC) unique systems were designed for three different size abattoirs. The data supplied was analysed on Pre AD data as well as simulated Post AD data as it was not recorded by the abattoirs. The total scale of these abattoirs ranged from a large scale (>2000 kL/day) to a small scale family run abattoir (<200 kL/day). The potential of these systems to generate biomass vary greatly from case to case. Biomass generation is important, as this will account for a large portion of the revenue needed for the profits generation.
The techno economics for these systems increase as the systems get larger however the initial Capital Investment and annual Operational Expenditure do not rise greatly as the systems get larger. Several break even schemes were solved, by altering the price/kg of biomass, for each system in order to find the minimum biomass sale price. This value greatly increases as the size of the abattoir goes down, as expected due to the lower biomass generation as well as the similar system CAPEX and OPEX. For the largest abattoir the minimum sale price was $0.82/kg and for the smallest system it was $5.85/kg. The largest abattoir case is an achievable sale price requiring only a small margin commodity as opposed to the smallest scale which would require more expensive biomass to grow.
The second case study supplied only the Post AD data which required no manipulation. The supplied data was taken over a 5 year period so the minimum, average and maximum waste loading cases, over this period, were analysed. The variation from the minimum case to the maximum case is ~830 kg potential biomass daily generated. This equates to a substantial difference in system design ranging from a 2 ha minimum system to a 9 ha pond system. As in Case Study one three break even schemes were solved for each individual case, the range of the sale data was $0.94/kg biomass for the minimum case and $0.89/kg biomass for the maximum case. These are achievable values depending on which microalgae strain will grow.
From the analysis performed microalgae growth in Raceway ponds using feed from the abattoir wastewater is an economically viable project. The more biomass generated the lower minimum biomass sale price for break even as well as raise the NPV of the project. The market demand and specific microalgae strain that will grow in the effluent will determine the economic viability of raceway pond installation; however with the required $/kg being low, the system should be viable for most large scale abattoirs.
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Foster, Louise. "Microalgae culture to treat anaerobic digestion abattoir effluent (ADAE)." Thesis, Foster, Louise (2019) Microalgae culture to treat anaerobic digestion abattoir effluent (ADAE). Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 2019. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/51443/.
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Current abattoir wastewater treatment options involving aerobic and anaerobic digestion systems are relatively inefficient in reducing the inorganic nutrient load (i.e. ammonium and phosphate) of the effluent. With anaerobic lagoons favoured in Australia resulting in large land footprint, loss of environmental and economic value in the form of water and nutrient recovery. The cultivation of microalgae on undiluted anaerobic digestion abattoir effluent (ADAE) offers many potential benefits such as the bioremediation of waste nutrients typically found in the effluent and simultaneous production of valuable algal biomass which represents the conversion of waste-to-profit. Microalgal culture on undiluted ADAE require minimal to no freshwater input and does not compete for arable land, it has the potential to play an important remediation role particularly during the final (tertiary) treatment phase. The generated biomass can also be a source of revenue for the targeted abattoir.
To the best of my knowledge, to date, there has been no attempt on testing the growth of algae to treat undiluted ADAE. In this study, the growth, biomass productivity, photo physiology and nutrient removal rates of mono and mixed culture of Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. were evaluated in unfiltered and undiluted ADAE. Chlorella sp. showed the highest ammonium removal rate of up to 11.93±1.14 mgL-1 d-1 as well as the highest biomass productivity of 31.52±0.81 mgL-1 d-1 when compared to the other treatments. Phosphate removal rates were highest in the Scenedesmus cultures while the mixed cultures varied amongst other parameters measured (COD, Nitrite and Nitrate). Chlorella sp. with a specific growth rate of 0.260±0.047 d-1 and mixed Chlorella sp. within consortium (0.294±0.024 d-1) were the dominant species when compared to Scenedesmus sp. (0.062±0.011 d-1). Overall, Chlorella sp. was identified as the most efficient microalgal species capable of growing on undiluted ADAE with the potential to generate a waste-to-profit system.
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Liu, Xiaojun. "Hygiénisation par technologie électrique de déchets alimentaires en vue de leur méthanisation." Thesis, Lorient, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORIS602.
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La législation (CE n°1069/2009) impose une étape d'hygiénisation (traitement thermique à température ≥ 70 °C pendant une durée ≥ 60 min sans interruption) avant méthanisation des sous- produits animaux. Ce traitement, consommateur d’énergie, réduit la rentabilité globale des installations de méthanisation. L’étude bibliographique montre que, en Europe, la consommation énergétique du procédé d’hygiénisation thermique représente 6 à 25% de l’énergie primaire générée par les unités de production de biogaz. Dans le cadre des travaux de thèse présentés, des solutions alternatives d’abattement microbien, notamment les électro-technologies (ex. Champs Électriques Pulsés, CEP) ont été étudiées. Ces technologies sont essentiellement développées pour l’inactivation athermique des micro-organismes des denrées alimentaires. Les souches Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433 et Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 ont été sélectionnées comme bactéries indicatrices. Une étude des cinétiques d'inactivation des indicateurs à différents paramètres électriques dans les procédés en batch et en continu a été réalisée. L’évaluation de l’efficacité du couplage des CEP et d’un chauffage ohmique, l'effet de la quantité d’énergie utilisée pour le traitement par CEP, la régénération cellulaire des bactéries endommagées et la modélisation cinétique et numérique du procédé sont également abordés. Les résultats obtenus confirment la capacité des CEP à hygiéniser les sous-produits animaux (i.e. une réduction de 5- log10 d’Ent. faecalis) dans les systèmes en batch et en continu. Ainsi, le couplage du traitement par CEP et du chauffage ohmique peut significativement réduire la consommation énergétique du procédéThe European Union regulation (CE n°1069/2009) imposes a step of hygienization (thermal treatment at temperature ≥ 70 °C for a treatment time ≥ 60 min without interruption) before anaerobic digestion of certain biowaste issued from the agricultural and food processing industries. This energy-consuming treatment reduces the profitability of biogas production facilities. The literature review shows that, in Europe, the energy consumption of the thermal hygienization process accounts for around 6 to 25% of the primary energy produced by biogas plants. In the present PhD thesis, the alternative solutions for the microbial pasteurization, namely the electro- technologies (e.g. pulsed electric field, PEF) were studied. These technologies are essentially developed for the athermal inactivation of pathogens in food products. The bacterial strains Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 were selected as indicator bacteria. A systematical study on the inactivation kinetics of the indicator bacteria treated at different electric parameters in batch and continuous system was realized. The efficiency of the treatment coupling PEF and ohmic heating, the effect of the specific energy delivered by PEF, the recovery of the injured bacteria and the kinetic and numeric modeling of the process were investigated as well. Results confirm the ability of PEF to hygienize animal by- products (i.e. a reduction of 5 log10 of Ent. faecalis) in batch and continuous system. The PEF treatment coupled with ohmic heating could significantly reduce the energy consumption of the process
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Hedhili, Karima. "L’hydrolyse pepsique de l’hémoglobine bovine pure ou dans le cruor bovin (un coproduit d’abattoir) : modélisation des cinétiques d’apparition des peptides antibactériens obtenus et étude de leur valorisation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10075/document.
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L'hydrolyse pepsique de l’hémoglobine bovine purifiée ou à partir d'un coproduit des abattoirs : le cruor, peut être considérée comme une voie importante d'obtention de peptides antibactériens. Une étude cinétique nous a permis de maîtriser cette hydrolyse et de déterminer un modèle mathématique capable de prédire la concentration de chaque peptides antibactériens des deux familles de peptides α 1-32 et α 107-141 et ceux pour un intervalle de température de 15-37°C, de pH de 3,5-5,5 et de rapport enzyme/substrat de 1/5-1/20. Le calcul des énergies d'activation pour les différentes réactions impliquées dans le mécanisme était effectué grâce à l’équation d’Arrhenius qui a permis d’étudier l’effet de la température sur les différents coefficients cinétiques. L’effet du pH et du rapport E/S était également étudié et le modèle trouvé a démontré une augmentation linéaire de la vitesse d’hydrolyse en diminuant le pH (entre 3,5 et 5,5) et une vitesse invariable avec le rapport E/S (1/5-1/20). L'étude de la relation structure-fonction des peptides antibactériens α 1-32 et α 137-141 a été effectuée grâce à un suivie de la cinétique de K+ extracellulaire en présence de Lisrea innocua et le déterminant antibactérien minimal a été déterminé pour le peptide α 137-141. La possibilité de valoriser les peptides antibactérien α 1-32 et α 137-141 dans un emballage bioactif pour la conservation des aliments contre le développement de bactéries pathogènes a été étudiée par l'adsorption de ces peptides en surface d'un film de polyéthylène basse densité, traité avec le plasma froidThe pepsin hydrolysis of purified bovine hemoglobin or from a co-product of slaughterhouses: cruor, can be considered as an important route for obtaining antibacterial peptides. A kinetic study has allowed us to control the hydrolysis and to determine a mathematical model able to predict the concentration of each antibacterial peptides of two families of peptides α 1-32 and α 107-141 and those of an interval of temperature 15-37°C, of pH 3,5-5,5 and ratio enzyme/substrate of 1/5-1/20 . The calculation of activation energies for the different reactions involved in the mechanism was made by the Arrhenius equation, which was used to study the effect of temperature on the various kinetic coefficients. The effect of pH and ratio E / S was also studied and the model found showed a linear increase in the rate of hydrolysis decreasing the pH ( between 3,5 and 5,5 ) and an invariable speed with the ratio E / S ( 1/5-1/20 ). The study of the structure-function relationship of antibacterial peptides α 1-32 and α 137-141 was carried out thanks to a followed the kinetics of extracellular K + in the presence of Lisrea innocua and the minimal determinant antibacterial was determined for the peptide α 137-141. The possibility to recovery the antibacterial peptides α 1-32 and α 137-141 in to a bioactive food packaging against the growth of pathogenic bacteria has been studied by the adsorption of these peptides on the surface of a low density polyethylene film treated with cold plasma
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Fredriksson, Jonathan, and Wilhelm Lindberg. "Optimization model to improve the planning of a mobile abattoir." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-139943.
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Today the planning of the transports at Hälsingestintan is done without any tools. Every year the problem regarding the planning is getting more complex and complicates the logistics of the transports. The purpose with the study is to investigate the logistics related to the mobile abattoir and the refrigerated truck in Hälsingestinans process flow. This is relevant due to identify if an optimization model has potential to reduce the transport costs when using this concept. Furthermore, the difference between the used planning strategies of the model and Hälsingestintan will be compared to identify if there are any clear differences between the methods.
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Harmse, JL, JC Engelbrecht, and JL Bekker. "The Impact of Physical and Ergonomic Hazards on Poultry Abattoir ProcessingWorkers: A Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2016. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001981.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: The poultry abattoir industry continues to grow and contribute significantly to the gross
domestic product in many countries. The industry expects working shifts of eight to eleven hours,
during which workers are exposed to occupational hazards which include physical hazards ranging
from noise, vibration, exposure to cold and ergonomic stress from manual, repetitive tasks that
require force. A PubMed, Medline and Science Direct online database search, using specific keywords
was conducted and the results confirmed that physical and ergonomic hazards impact on abattoir
processing workers health, with harm not only to workers’ health but also as an economic burden
due to the loss of their livelihoods and the need for treatment and compensation in the industry.
This review endeavours to highlight the contribution poultry processing plays in the development of
physical agents and ergonomic stress related occupational diseases in poultry abattoir processing
workers. The impact includes noise-induced hearing loss, increased blood pressure, menstrual
and work related upper limb disorders. These are summarised as a quick reference guide for
poultry abattoir owners, abattoir workers, poultry associations, occupational hygienists and medical
practitioners to assist in the safer management of occupational health in poultry abattoirs.