Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Abandoned and flooded mine'
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1
Wolkersdorfer, Christian. "Water management at abandoned flooded underground mines : fundamentals, tracer tests, modelling, water treatment /." Berlin [u.a.] : Springer, 2008. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0803/2007943146.html.
2
Richardson, Joshua J. "Thermal and Hydrological Study of Flooded Abandoned Coal Mines in Ohio as Potential Heat Exchangers." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1399479195.
3
Namjesnik, Dalija. "Origin of seismicity related to a flooded abandoned coal mining district at Gardanne, Provence, France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0116.
Abstract:
La fermeture des mines et la gestion post-minière constituent aujourd’hui un défi majeur car les problèmes engendrés peuvent impacter grandement la sécurité publique. Lorsque les mines sont abandonnées, les systèmes de pompage des eaux souterraines sont généralement arrêtés et l’eau qui remplit progressivement les vides peut affecter la stabilité mécanique des structures souterraines. En général, les mécanismes de la sismicité observée dans les districts post-miniers inondés sont mal compris. Cette thèse porte sur l’étude de la sismicité enregistrée à la suite de l’ennoyage de l’ancien bassin houiller de Gardanne, en Provence, fermée en 2003, qui connaît des problèmes importants de sismicité post-minière. La distribution spatio-temporelle des événements sismiques suggère un lien avec les épisodes de précipitations intenses ainsi qu’avec le pompage actif. La connaissance de l’origine et des mécanismes de déclenchement de l’activité sismique est la clé pour l’évaluation des risques sismiques de l’ensemble du bassin de Gardanne. Les travaux de thèse ont porté sur des questions liées à l’identification précise de l’origine de la source sismique en évaluant deux hypothèses, à la détermination du mécanisme derrière la sismicité, et le lien entre la sismicité et le système hydrogéologique, et en améliorant la détection et la localisation de la microsismicité avec un réseau clairsemé. La nouvelle méthodologie de détection et de localisation développée adapte la méthode BTBB (Poiata) basée sur la forme d’onde complète en surmontant les défis du réseau de surveillance sismique clairsemé, et inclut une nouvelle approche d’élimination du bruit de l’ensemble des données continues ainsi qu’un système de classification basé sur la qualité de la localisation. Un comportement sismique sous forme de clusters a été mis en évidence par le nouveau catalogue sismique 2014-2017, qui a ensuite fait l’objet d’une analyse plus approfondie. L’ensemble des résultats sont en faveur de l’origine des sources sismiques sur la faille en dessous de la mine. Les caractéristiques spatio-temporelles des événements sismiques et les occurrences de multiplets/répéteurs ont fourni une image plus claire des structures géologiques actives et ont permis une interprétation préliminaire des mécanismes de déclenchement possible, basée sur la comparaison avec les données hydrologiques. Malgré la compréhension générale du mécanisme de la sismicité, la magnitude maximale des événements qui peuvent être déclenchés est actuellement difficile à quantifier et à prévoir en raison des limites des données disponibles. En tant que perspective et dans le but de mieux comprendre le risque sismique, des observations plus précises de la sismicité, des paramètres mécaniques et des changements de niveau d’eau dans la zone sismique active sont nécessaires pour améliorer la compréhension de ces facteurs et de leur interconnexionThe closure of mines and post-mining management nowadays present a major challenge as the problems that arise can greatly concern public security. When mines are abandoned, groundwater pumping systems are usually stopped and the water which progressively fills the remaining voids can affect the mechanical stability of underground structures. In general, mechanisms of observed seismicity in flooded, post-mining districts have been poorly understood. As a case study, this thesis focused on the abandoned, flooded coal mine in Gardanne, France, which has been experiencing significant post-mining seismicity problems. Seismic activity in Gardanne mine seems to originate from an interaction between rocks and fluids, as spatio-temporal distribution of events suggests the link with intense rainfall events as well as the active pumping. The knowledge on the origin and the triggering mechanisms of the seismic activity in Gréasque and Regagnas sector is the key for seismic hazard assessment of the entire Gardanne basin. Thesis work focused on questions concerning precise identification of seismic source origin evaluating two hypothesis, determination of the mechanism behind the seismicity, link between seismicity and the hydrogeological system, as well as improving of the detection and location of microseismicity with a sparse network. The new developed detection and location methodology adapts the full waveform-based method BTBB by Poiata by overcoming the challenges of the sparse seismic monitoring network, and includes a novel approach for noise removal from continuous dataset as well as location quality-based classification system. The seismicity clustering behaviour was indicated by the new seismic catalogue 2014-2017, which was further analysed more thoroughly. All results are in favour of the origin of the seismic sources on the fault below the mine. Spatial and temporal characteristics of observed seismic events and multiplet and repeater occurrences provided a clearer image of the active geological structures and allowed a preliminary interpretation of possible mechanisms affecting the initiation and driving of the repeating or after-shock like behavior of seismic events, based on comparison with available hydrological data. Despite the general understanding of the mechanism behind the seismicity, the maximum magnitude of the events that can be triggered is at this moment is difficult to quantify and predict due to limitations of available data. As a prospective, in order to better understand the seismic hazard, more accurate observations of the seismicity, mechanical parameters and water level changes in the seismically active zone are required to improve the understanding and the interconnection between these factors
4
Wolkersdorfer, Christian. "Water management at abandoned flooded underground mines fundamentals, tracer tests, modelling, water treatment." Berlin Heidelberg Springer, 2006. http://d-nb.info/986422126/04.
5
Athresh, Anup. "Feasibility of using the water from the abandoned and flooded coal mines as an energy resource for space heating." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2017. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/32936/.
Abstract:
This research project aims to study the feasibility of using the water from the abandoned and flooded coal mines for space heating applications using a Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) in open loop configuration and take a conceptual idea to a commercial deployment level. The flooded coal mines are the legacy that has been left behind after the three centuries of continuous operations by the coal mining industry. The closure of all coal mines in the UK has led to the flooding of all those abandoned underground workings and due to the subsequent rise in the water levels; mine water is posing a threat to the water table. Mine water in the abandoned coal mines can be considered as a low enthalpy energy resource with very little practical applications, however it can be upgraded to a high enthalpy resource by using a heat pump and used for heating applications. Heat pumps are considered as low carbon heating systems, using them for the space heating purpose is economically and environmentally beneficial compared to the conventional heating systems. A generic methodology has been developed to help in evaluating the process of harnessing the energy from mine water for the heating applications using an open loop GSHP. The methodology covers the core technical, environmental and economic aspects. An MS Excel based tool has been developed to assist in the design and commercial evaluation of a mine water based heating system. Financial model is created using Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) method to analyse the feasibility of implementing the system. Theoretical case studies have been conducted for three different sites using the software tool. Two pilot plants have been constructed at two different sites, namely at Markham, Alkane Energy and at Caphouse, National Coal Mining Museum (NCM) for the experimental work. The field trials from the two pilot plants show promising results in terms of reducing both the operating costs and carbon emissions. It also shows that with a careful design, the threat posed by mine water to the operations and maintenance of the plant can be minimised. The three theoretical case studies conducted show that the energy from the flooded coal mines is a good alternative source for heating and can contribute significantly in reducing the operating costs and the carbon emissions at those proposed sites. The abandoned mines underlie large parts of UK and at many sites, the water is being pumped out to prevent it from coming in contact with the water table and pollute the water bodies, these sites are ideal to implement the mine water based heating system, as they can support large thermal loads. The energy from the flooded coal mines is ideal to supplement or even replace the conventional sources of heating, as it is reliable and contributes to a reduction in carbon emissions and operating costs. Even though the initial capital costs are higher than other conventional heating systems, it becomes economically feasible with a good payback period, when additional financial incentives in the form of Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI), currently being offered by the government for GSHP technology, is taken into consideration. This research work shows that the energy from the mine water can be profitably harnessed to heat the buildings. The unique design developed to design the system, achieves continuous operation and minimises the maintenance requirements, even when a heavily polluted water is used.
6
Hartley, Suzanne. "Remediation of abandoned metal mine drainage using dealginated seaweed." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/b9217acb-b8ad-4180-af12-a1627d7137c4.
Abstract:
This thesis develops and demonstrates an innovative method for adsorbing metals from metal mine drainage in mid-Wales and northern Italy using dealginated seaweed (DS) as a biosorbent. The chemical composition of 15 mine drainages and two receiving waters in Wales was determined over a two year period in relation to precipitation and season. The waters were circum-neutral, iron-poor (<1 mg/L) but metal-rich, dominated by Zn ( 42 mg/L), Cu ( 188 μg/L), Cd ( 99 μg/L) and Pb ( 2.7 mg/L). The chemical composition varied throughout the year, but did not necessarily show clear seasonal variation, with Zn, Cd and Pb tending to show a winter maximum. The physico-chemical adsorption characteristics of the DS were determined. Over 80 % of Zn, Cd and Pb were removed from solution within 15 minutes of contact; adsorption was not affected by pH (between 3.3 and 6.6) nor by additional elements in solution. The adsorption capacity of the DS was Pb > Cd > Zn. The main removal mechanisms were determined to be adsorption and ion exchange with Ca, Na, Mg released from the DS surface. Treatment plants containing DS were deployed at three sites in mid-Wales and one site in Italy. In mid-Wales, Zn, Pb and Cd adsorption peaked within an hour (at ~98 %) associated with a significant release of Ca, Mg and Na. The DS adsorbed Pb > Cd > Zn, with the DS adsorbing ~1 % of its dry weight of Pb, ~0.01 % Cd and ~2 % Zn. The saturation of the DS was dependent on the mine drainage composition, with adsorption continuing for several months when low metal concentration (<1 mg/L) mine drainages were remediated. In Italy, acidic (~pH 2.5), metal-rich ( 120 mg/L Al, 420 mg/L Fe and 99 mg/L Cu) mine drainage required neutralisation and Fe-removal before entering the DS treatment plant to remove the remaining metals. The treatment plants improved the quality of mine drainage and reduced their impact on receiving water courses; the plant was designed to be a practical, low-cost, solution which uses a waste product (from the alginate industry). This thesis demonstrated a novel method for remediation of neutral, low Fe waters, and is applicable as a final ‘polish’ when acidic, Fe-rich water has been neutralised and the Fe removed.
7
Verma, Ajay. "An investigation of resuspension and gas transfer in flooded mine tailings." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0002/NQ31166.pdf.
8
McCament, Benny K. "Hydrologic controls on acidity and metals production in an abandoned underground mine complex in southeast Ohio, Perry county." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1088185432.
9
Swift, Gareth M. "An examination of stability issues relating to abandoned, underground mine workings." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342061.
10
Stuttle, Michael Christopher. "The development of remote controlled survey equipment to measure abandoned mine workings." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252167.
11
Emil, Mustafa Kemal. "Land Degradation Assessment For An Abandoned Coal Mine With Geospatial Information Technologies." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612627/index.pdf.
Abstract:
This study proposes an approach for land degradation assessment for an abandoned coal mine
by using geospatial information technologies. The land degradation assessment focuses on
two major changes: topographical and Land Use and Land Cover (LULC). For this purpose,
stereo aerial photos, Worldview-1, Landsat and ASTER images, Terrestrial Laser Scanning
(TLS) data, Global Positioning System (GPS) data, and ancillary maps were used for
abandoned Ovacik surface coal mine.
Volume of excavations and fillings, drainage network deviations, and slope instabilities were
the investigated topographical disturbances by comparison of the Digital Elevation Models
(DEM) for pre- and post-mining stages. Using aerial photos and Worldview-1 satellite image,
LULC maps were prepared based on the same time period. Then areal extent and spatial
pattern of the LULC change was calculated and mapped by post classification comparison
method.
The results of land degradation assessment show that there was a significant topographical
disturbance and LULC change in the research area. Particularly, three dump areas with a total
volume of 2,334,878 m3 were identified by DEM subtraction. It was found that stream
network around the primary dump site shifted towards south with a maximum displacement of
60m. Slope analysis reveals that slopes higher that 60 degrees were mainly observed in
excavation area with 81 percent. LULC change study showed that the forest area decreased
an amount of 106,485 m2 from 1951 to 2008. Howeverby means of the forestation efforts in dump sites, an amount of 106,012 m2 forest land was recovered.
12
Tafi, Tara Christine. "Reclamation Effectiveness at Three Reclaimed Abandoned Mine Sites in Jefferson County, Montana." Thesis, Montana State University, 2006. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2006/tafi/TafiT0806.pdf.
Abstract:
Montana has an estimated 6000 abandoned mine sites, many with associated waste rock and tailings materials contributing to the release of high levels of acidity, heavy metals, and other contaminants, creating a risk to human health and the environment. Many abandoned mine sites in Montana have been reclaimed, however, little post-reclamation monitoring has been performed, and the effectiveness of reclamation has not been quantified. The goal of this project was to quantify the effectiveness of reclamation at three sites in Jefferson County, Montana based on soil suitability for sustaining plant growth. Vegetation and soil studies were executed using a stratified random sampling design. Vegetation measurements included canopy cover using Daubenmire cover classes, above ground biomass, and species richness/diversity. Co-located soil samples were excavated in increments to a depth of 60 cm, and determinations of pH, electrical conductivity, nutrients, soluble, and total metal levels were made. Canopy cover estimates ranged from 0-120% and biomass production estimates ranged from 0-4583 kg ha-1. Differences in species richness and diversity were observed between sample strata. The chemical properties of the soil varied greatly, with pH values ranging from 2.08 to 7.63, and soluble metal values ranging from <0.1 to1001 mg l-1 for Zn, .02 to 20.81 mg l-1 for Cu, <.01 to 7.39 mg l-1 for Cd, <.05 to 12.26 mg l-1 for As, and <.1 to 7.6 mg l-1 for Pb. Sum of total metal and arsenic (As, Cu, Pb, and Zn) concentrations ranged from 133 to 81448 mg kg-1. Associations between vegetation and soil chemistry were determined using correlation. Significant correlations between vegetation attributes and soil chemistry were found. These results indicate that reclamation at the selected sites was moderately effective in reducing human and environment risk of exposure to harmful contaminants. There are concerns with upward migration of contaminants, and the sustainability of plant communities at all sites within the study. Elevated levels of residual metals and arsenic, as well as low pH conditions may have a deleterious effect on the long-term stability of the reclamation at these sites.
13
Pasini, Rachael A. "An Evaluation of Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum for Abandoned Mine Land Reclamation." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1250605536.
14
Santos, Alina E., Rocio Cruz-Ortega, Diana Meza-Figueroa, Francisco M. Romero, Jose Jesus Sanchez-Escalante, Raina M. Maier, Julia W. Neilson, Luis David Alcaraz, and Freaner Francisco E. Molina. "Plants from the abandoned Nacozari mine tailings: evaluation of their phytostabilization potential." PEERJ INC, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624057.
Abstract:
Phytostabilization is a remediation technology that uses plants for in-situ stabilization of contamination in soils and mine tailings. The objective of this study was to identify native plant species with potential for phytostabilization of the abandoned mine tailings in Nacozari, Sonora in northern Mexico. A flora of 42 species in 16 families of angiosperms was recorded on the tailings site and the abundance of the most common perennial species was estimated. Four of the five abundant perennial species showed evidence of regeneration: the ability to reproduce and establish new seedlings. A comparison of selected physicochemical properties of the tailings in vegetated patches with adjacent barren areas suggests that pH, electrical conductivity, texture, and concentration of potentially toxic elements do not limit plant distribution. For the most abundant species, the accumulation factor for most metals was <1, with the exception of Zn in two species. A short-term experiment on adaptation revealed limited evidence for the formation of local ecotypes in
Prosopis velutina
and
Amaranthus watsonii
. Overall, the results of this study indicate that five native plant species might have potential for phytostabilization of the Nacozari tailings and that seed could be collected locally to revegetate the site. More broadly, this study provides a methodology that can be used to identify native plants and evaluate their phytostabilization potential for similar mine tailings.
15
Labbe, Richard James. "Watershed restoration limitations at the abandoned reclaimed Alta Mine, Jefferson County, MT." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/labbe/LabbeR0508.pdf.
16
Coburn, Michael S. "Caught between a risk and a hard place making senese [sic] of a chronic technilogical [sic] disaster in Rock Springs, Wyoming /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1962984731&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
17
Reiss, Ralph. "Early Successional Plant Communities on an Abandoned Strip Mine in Butler County, Kentucky." TopSCHOLAR®, 1986. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2764.
Abstract:
Plant growth and development during the growing season of 1985 were examined on a strip mine located in Butler County, Kentucky, abandoned in 1963. Analysis included field plot measures of the frequency, density, and percent cover of the established plant species and determination of biomass accumulation during the 1985 year. Experimental subplots were established in both field and laboratory settings and the growth of the herbaceous colonizers compared under natural and programmed growth chamber conditions. Microclimatic measures of temperature and solar insolation were conducted in the field along with soil texture and pH measures. Results indicate that in the early successional communities sampled in Butler County, Pinus virginiana Mill., Elaeagnus angustifolia L. and Nyssa sylvatica Marsh. are the most important tree species. Important forbs include Lechea tenuifolia Michx., Bidens polylepis Blake, Lespedeza striata (Thunb.) H. & A. and Polygonum pensylvanicum L. Danthoniasp. and Festuca sp. are the two most important grasses. Biomass production during the first quarter of the growing season accounted for approximately two-thirds of the annual biomass accumulation. The data indicate that biomass production may be limited more by the harsh climatic conditions than by the sterile edaphic conditions present on the abandoned strip mine.
18
Servida, D. "Innovative approaches to evaluate geochemical risk related to sulphide-bearing Abandoned Mine Lands." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/64130.
Abstract:
Abandoned Mine Lands (AML) are often perceived to have significant environmental impacts, particularly on superficial and ground waters, from water contaminated with acid and elevated metals flowing from eroding waste dumps and from underground workings. These conditions would require risk assessment and remediation in case of necessity.
However AML have heritage and historical value because of their age and the significance of their structures and the processes used. This value could be destroyed by remediation done following the environmental law in force.
Take into account the particular features of AML (terrains characterised by natural high metal and metalloid concentrations) and environmental law problems (the inability of agencies to cite or allocate clear ownership for the problems at the sites), rise the need to develop an approach that allows the right and complete geo-environmental characterisation of AML and that supports the management and/or the remediation of AML.
The main problems related to AML comprise:
the identification and characterisation of mine dumps;
the assessment of the geochemical hazard;
the persistence in time of the chemical processes which occur at the site.
Mine dumps are the waste products of exploitation, composed mainly of rocks with metal concentration too low to be economic but rather high to be a source of environmental pollution.
A preliminary low-cost identification of mine dumps could be done by means of digital elaboration of topographic maps. This operation allows to identify and to evaluate the morphology and dimension of mine dumps having bibliographic data and CAD software (Servida et al., 2009).
Mine dumps characterisation could be completed and refined by Electrical Resistivity Ground Imaging (ERGI) investigations (Mele et al., 2007) that enable to reduce direct investigation number and, consequently, to reduce costs and acquisition time. Moreover ERGI investigations supply 3D information concerning a more extended area.
Geochemical hazard related to sulphide-bearing AML could not be evaluated taking into account only the metal and metalloid concentrations of terrains, since it is high by nature. It is suggested to evaluate geochemical hazard starting from the combination of high metal and metalloid concentrations and of the acid production or neutralising potential of terrains by AMIRA procedure (IWRI & EGI, 2002). Hazard evaluation was performed by geostatistical analyses, resulting from 1) the interpolation of the terrain chemical features on the whole area, 2) the overlapping of previous results and 3) the adding of the topographic setting. This approach allows to identify the areas where the presence of metal and metalloids is really hazardous. It also supports the choice of areas that need any treatment.
Since AMD processes have a key-role in environmental damages from mining pollution, it is important to know their persistence in time. No studies about this topic have already done. In a preliminary step, the persistence of AMD processes could be calculated starting from common data as yearly rainfall, mining waters pH and acid production or neutralising potential of terrains. The following step is to consider the results of kinetic tests.
These approaches have been developed on three pilot sites with different geo-environmental setting:
Rio Marina mining district (Elba Island, LI), characterised by hematite + pyrite ore association, exploited for iron from Etruscan age till 1981;
Libiola mine (GE), characterised by chalcopyrite + pyrite ore association, exploited for copper from 1864 till 1962;
The application of the proposed methodologies and techniques allows a better geo-environmental characterisation of AML.
Moreover we think that the proposed approach for the assessment of geochemical risk related to AML could contribute to reduce the areas that need remediation. Consequently will be possible to reduce costs of remediation and impact of remediation on AML.
19
Kallu, Rajagopala Reddy. "Design of reinforced concrete seals for underground coal mines." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10429.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2009.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 215 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 143-147).
20
Mansor, Nurlidia. "Investigation of lead and zinc dispersion from an abandoned mine site at Tyndrum, Scotland." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/491/.
Abstract:
This research focuses on atmospheric and fluvial dispersal of Pb and Zn from an abandoned mine at Tyndrum, Scotland, which potentially acts as a significant source of contamination to the surrounding area. Concentrations of Pb and Zn in tree bark samples and peat profiles were measured to assess aerial deposition and fallout around the main mine site. Dispersal of contaminants through fluvial transport was assessed by analysis of river water and sediment on site and in the main river system draining the area, extending 25 km downstream from the mine area. Attempts were also made to determine whether the contamination is due to contemporary dispersal of material from the abandoned mine waste dumps, or originates from past deposition. Pb and Zn concentrations in tree bark from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) were high, but decreased with increasing distance up to approximately 100 m from the main dumpsite. Concentrations reduced markedly beyond this distance, possibly owing to the density of the forest stand. It is suggested that tree bark samples provide a useful medium for monitoring and quantifying contemporary aerial dispersal. Distributions of Pb and Zn within peat soil profiles provide information of past atmospheric deposition. Subsurface peaks of Pb and Zn can be linked to the period when mining was active during the 19th and early 20th centuries using the 210Pb dating method. The dispersal of Pb and Zn within the fluvial system was assessed by measuring concentrations of the contaminants in the solution, suspended particle and bed sediment phases. It was found that Pb and Zn are mainly transported in suspension in the 1.2-53 m suspended sediment fraction and are consequently deposited throughout the dispersion pathway in riverbed, lake and riverbank sediments. The contaminant Pb in an overbank core was confirmed as originating from the Tyndrum mine on the basis of its 206Pb/207Pb isotope ratio characteristics. This confirms a previous hypothesis that waste from the mine is an important contributor to Pb contamination over the entire length of the river system as far as Loch Tay. Thus overall, the investigation concludes that although the atmospheric dispersal of the contaminants is mostly contained within the vicinity of the Tyndrum main mine, the fluvial system remains a significant pathway for dispersal of Pb and Zn from the Tyndrum waste and that the presence of these metals within the river may persist for many years to come.
21
Ishankuliev, Murad Allayarovich. "Resistivity imaging of abandoned minelands at Huntley Hollow, Hocking County, Ohio." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1180039190.
22
Kopittke, Gillian Ruth. "Long-term ecosystem development on an open-cut coal mine in central Queensland /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19408.pdf.
23
Cosmopoulos, Patricia. "Temporal analysis of forest change at an abandoned mine site using high-resolution remote sensing." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ57786.pdf.
24
Treloar, Kate. "Nature and extent of contamination at the abandoned Wheal Ellen mine and implications for rehabilitation /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbt788.pdf.
25
Cosmopoulos, Patricia Panayota Carleton University Dissertation Earth Sciences. "Temporal analysis of forest change at an abandoned mine site using high-resolution remote sensing." Ottawa, 2000.
26
Stuurman, Andisiwe. "AN ASSESSMENT OF ABANDONED MINE RECLAMATION IN SOUTH AFRICA USING A SURVEY OF ENVIRONMENTAL EXPERTS." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1637.
Abstract:
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF ANDISIWE STUURMAN, for the Master of Science degree in Geography and Environmental Resources, presented on APRIL 10, 2015, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: AN ASSESSMENT OF ABANDONED MINE RECLAMATION IN SOUTH AFRICA USING A SURVEY OF ENVIRONMENTAL EXPERTS MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Silvia Secchi Abandoned mines are those in which mining activity has ceased and there is no entity or company that can be traced to take responsibility for their maintenance or reclamation. It has been reported that there are approximately 6,150 abandoned mines in South Africa and it is estimated that it will cost $US4.2 billion to rehabilitate these mines over a very long period of time. The South African Department of Mineral Resources has set a reclamation target of 12 abandoned mines per year. This low target is what led to the interest in understanding the dynamics of abandoned mine reclamation in South Africa. An online survey of environmental experts in South Africa was conducted from December 2014 to January 2015 to elicit their opinions on the public's perception of abandoned mine reclamation and to assess whether their views are aligned in terms the cost of reclamation, sources of funding, how to accelerate the process of reclamation and credible sources of information for environmental issues. A total of 54 responses were collected, with good representation of respondents from each province in South Africa although the majority came from Gauteng, Western Cape and Kwa-Zulu Natal. The results of the survey revealed that there are several challenges that are slowing down the process of reclamation in South Africa including limited sources of funding, water resources at risk, and disproportionate ratio of experts between the private and public sector. About 80% of the respondents in the survey said that the public would not be willing to contribute towards a reclamation fund. A majority of the respondents who consider themselves experts in reclamation were of the opinion that the government and the mining industry should be primarily responsible for reclamation. After careful review of the results and other government reports related to reclamation in South Africa, it appears that the establishment of an abandoned mine reclamation fund would be a good policy for South Africa, as would be conducting studies to explore possible funding options, ring-fencing tax money for special purposes such as reclamation of abandoned mines, and developing guidelines and standards for abandoned mine reclamation or land reclamation.
27
McCament, Benny K. "Hydrologic controls on acidity and metals loading in an abandoned underground mine complex in southeast Ohio, Perry County." Ohio : Ohio University, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1088185432.
28
Xiao, Huaguo Ji Wei. "Assessing the pollution potential of non-point mine wastes on surface water using a geo-spatial modeling approach." Diss., UMK access, 2004.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Dept. of Geosciences and School of Computing and Engineering. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2004."A dissertation in geosciences and computer networking." Advisor: Wei Ji. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Feb. 28, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 226-236). Online version of the print edition.
29
Emerson, Paul. "Growth and survival of eleven planted tree species on a reclaimed surface mine in West Virginia." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5582.
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 84 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-84).
30
Banerjee, Monisha J. "Multiple Approaches to the Restoration of Disturbed Desert Land." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193798.
Abstract:
Three experiments were conducted to examine restoration of disturbed land in Arizona. The first experiment attempted to revegetate abandoned farmland by direct seeding native seeds and using various soil preparation techniques, amendments, and weeding of Salsola iberica. Only irrigation and weeding had a significant effect on seed germination and canopy cover. Irrigation increased plant cover on plots, but weeds dominated the cover. A seedbank study conducted near the end of the second growing season found the soil was dominated by weeds and contained few viable native seeds. The results illustrate the difficulty of establishing native plants on abandoned desert farmland due to the dominance of weedy species, the presence of salts in the soil, and the lack of adequate soil moisture.The second experiment, a lysimeter study, tested the efficacy of different evapotranspiration (ET) soil cover designs for stabilization of acidic copper mine tailing piles. The study evaluated the effectiveness of capillary barriers (CB) to contain the waste found in tailings and different plants to revegetate the piles. The ET covers reduced infiltration of water into tailings. Copper concentrations increased significantly in plant tissue grown on the ET covers compared to plants grown in the greenhouse. Plants did not exhibit signs of phytotoxicity and concentrations were below levels toxic to all domestic animals except sheep. The CB did not reduce water infiltration into the tailings or upward migration of copper into the soil cover. Vegetation is vital to an effective ET cover. A mix of transplanted shrubs and seeded grasses and forbs establish long-term, sustainable vegetation.The third experiment examined the influence of biosolids on the bacterial communities within mine tailings by bacterial counts and bacterial diversity. The diversity of neutral copper mine tailings two weeks after biosolid application was compared with that of desert soil via cloning and sequencing of PCR amplified community 16S rRNA. Culturable heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) increased following biosolid addition. Total direct counts exceeded HPC by approximately two orders of magnitude. Overall, biosolid-amended tailings contained large numbers of bacteria diverse in nature and with many of the traits of normal desert soil bacterial communities.
31
Sivaram, Sushil. "Assesment of Bioremediation Efficiency of Indigenous Bacteria and Plants at an Abandoned Acid Mine Drainage Site." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1289882865.
32
Bailey, Matthew Thomas. "Recovering resources from abandoned metal mine waters : an assessment of the potential options at passive treatment systems." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3433.
Abstract:
Remediation of metal-rich discharges from abandoned mines entails capture of metals within a treatment system and, typically, disposal of the waste. A preferable option would be to recover the metals for reuse. For many long-abandoned mines metal loads are often relatively small, albeit they often cause significant environmental pollution. Low-cost passive treatment systems, in which metals are retained in some form of treatment substrate, such as compost, are often preferred. This thesis investigates the amenability of such treatment systems to resource recovery. Two down-flow compost bioreactors, treating zinc-rich discharges, were the focus of the research: a pilot-scale unit at Nenthead, and a full-scale system at Force Crag, both in Cumbria, England. Laboratory investigations of the Nenthead substrate identified 7,900mg/kg zinc in the upper horizons of the substrate, and 2,400mg/kg in the lower horizons, after two years of operation. Acid leaching tests effectively de-contaminated the substrate with respect to zinc and cadmium. Complete recovery of zinc was observed after ≤30 hours across a range of acid leach tests, although 23-37 days were required before equivalent recovery was achieved by biological leaching. The Force Crag system removed >95% zinc over the first year of operation and, removal rates suggest that after 10 years of operation >20,000mg/kg zinc will have accumulated in the substrate. Substrate de-contamination could offer substantial life-cycle cost savings at passive treatment sites, especially by limiting volumes of material for disposal to landfill. Furthermore, recovery of metals has important implications for resource sustainability and circular economics. Other resource recovery options may exist at abandoned mine sites. At Force Crag 1.6kW of kinetic energy exists in flowing mine water, in addition to thermal energy which could be recovered for space heating applications. Recovering this energy would convert this site into a net-generator of power. Because of their often remote locations, renewable energy may be of particular value to off-grid facilities at some mine sites.
33
Thompson, Scott A. "Managing the acidity of abandoned water filled coal mining voids in Collie (Western Australia) using organic matter." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2000. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1352.
Abstract:
The effectiveness of using organic matter additions to increase pH in abandoned water filled coal mining voids in Collie was investigated. Previous studies have demonstrated that passing acidic drainage through organic matter increased the waters pH. Laboratory trials using intact sediment cores (collected from Ewington, Collie, Western Australia) were used to assess the effects of additions of hay, manure and mulched vegetation on pH, nutrients an sulphate levels. In a series of experiments the effect of different quantities of organic material, sulphate reducing bacterial inoculations and alkalinity generation were measured. A subsequent field experiment was conducted to examine the impact that manure and mulch had on mine void water in 18 in situ ponds constructed adjacent to Ewington. It was concluded from the laboratory experiments that mulch and manure treatments were significantly better than hay as an organic matter addition for increasing the pH of acidified mine void water at Ewington. The manure produced the greatest increase in pH, although it contributed less to alkalinity than mulch; suggesting mulch bas a greater ability to release carbonates than did manure. The manure and mulch additions increased the pH in the laboratory and field experiment by 0.5-1.5 pH units. This increase was sustained for most of the 21 week field experiment. An increase in pH in the control ponds was recorded over the last 8 weeks of the experiment which was probably due to the inflow of more alkaline groundwater through the substratum as a consequence of the winter rainfall. pH values measured in the experimental ponds 15 months after the commencement of the project indicated that the ponds treated with manure maintained significantly higher pH levels than either the mulch or the control ponds. There was no difference between the pH values for the ponds treated with mulch and the controls suggesting that manure not only provided a greater increase in pH but also over a longer period. The addition of organic mailer also resulted in an increase in gilvin in the laboratory experiments. Low sulphate and sulphide levels were also recorded in all experiments before and after the introduction of organic materials into mine void water and ponds adjacent to Ewington indicating that sulphate reducing bacterial activity was not the cause for the increase in pH as occurred in other situations, but rather the addition of alkaline organic matter caused the increase in pH. The addition of manure organic material was associated with an increase in the ortho-phosphate levels, resulting in an increase in chlorophyll a concentrations. It is believed to be the first stages of succession processes leading to the establishment of a biologically active wetland system. During this process the emerging ecosystem neutralises the acidic content of the water.
34
Gillespie, Melina Jane. "Establishment success of native understorey species on coal mine rehabilitation areas in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17522.pdf.
35
Nguyen, Tuyet Anh, Thi Thuy Tuyen Nguyen, Thi Thuy Duong, Thi Phuong Quynh Le, and Cuong Tu Ho. "Physiological properties of new species of Acidithiobacillus isolated from abandoned Tin mine in Ha Thuong, Thai Nguyen province." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-190655.
Abstract:
Acidophilic bacteria are able to tolerate acidic environment and also contribute to the lowering of environmental pH value, implying potential applications in metal-leaching technology extracting metals from tailings and electronic wastes. In this study, we conducted a sampling campaign in abandoned Tin mine in Ha Thuong, Thai Nguyen province, to isolate acidophilic bacteria and to study physiological characteristics of the isolated bacteria. As a result, two acidophilic bacteria were successfully isolated and identification by 16S rDNA gene sequences showed that the two bacteria are similar to Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans (98% and 94 % of similarity, respectively). Both strains are tolerant of pH in the range of 3 and have the ability to grow optimally at temperatures of 30°CVi khuẩn ưa axit có ý nghĩa ứng dụng trong công nghệ tách rút kim loại từ quặng đuôi và ngay cả từ rác thải linh kiện điện tử. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đã tiến hành thu mẫu ở mỏ thiếc bỏ hoang ở Hà Thượng, Thái Nguyên nhằm phân lập được nhóm vi khuẩn ưa axit và qua đó nghiên cứu một số đặc điểm sinh lý của vi khuẩn này. Kết quả chúng tôi đã phân lập được hai chủng vi khuẩn ưa axit. Định dạng bằng nhận diện trình tự gen 16S rADN cho thấy hai vi khuẩn này có độ tương đồng là 98% với vi khuẩn Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans và 94% Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans. Cả hai chủng vi khuẩn đều có tính chịu pH trong khoảng 3 và có khả năng sinh trưởng tối ưu ở nhiệt độ 30oC
36
Haefner, Ralph John. "Geochemistry and ground-water flow beneath an abandoned coal mine reclaimed with pressurized fluidized bed combustion by-products /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487950153600297.
37
Kirch, James Paul. "Potential Use of Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum in a Flowable Grout for Re-mining of Abandoned Coal Mines." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313779918.
38
Schmidt, Anel. "Strip-mine rehabilitation in Namaqualand." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53068.
Abstract:
Thesis (MScFor)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Namaqualand has a very unusual diversity of plant life, with many endemic plant species. The fundamental question of this thesis is how this system, damaged by strip-mining activities, can be rehabilitated. The aim was to base the rehabilitation methods on ecological processes. In order to answer this question an overview of the relevant literature was needed in order to identify possible research needs and also to evaluate the work that has been done in the field of strip-mine rehabilitation in arid areas. An understanding of community and ecosystem dynamics would help to establish aims and methods for site-specific rehabilitation. In Namaqualand, South Africa, there is also a need for experimentation to establish which of the many factors is most limiting to long-term ecosystem recovery. It is important to have a good knowledge of the successional processes and disturbance history of the land which needs to be rehabilitated. The vegetation on unmined areas and mined areas of different ages and treatments after mining, were sampled. It was shown that some areas could be expected to show a large degree of recovery in the space of a few years, whilst others would show little or no recovery over a period of decades. It is important to recognise rehabilitation as a gradual process that takes place at different rates in different areas and in different years. The planting of Atriplex nummularia and sowing of Atriplex semibaccata did not facilitate the return of indigenous, perennial species, but rather seem to inhibit their return. In view of the importance of topsoil in terms of the fertility of the soil and the seed bank present in the topsoil, the influence of topsoil removal and stockpiling due to strip-mining activities were tested. The soil fertility was tested by means of radish bioassays and soil laboratory analysis, whilst species diversity and richness were tested with seedling emergence trials. As expected a higher plant species diversity was found on the unmined soils and radishes grew larger on these soils. The topsoil deteriorated in terms of plant species richness, diversity and soil fertility whilst it was stockpiled. Direct replacement of topsoil would ensure a planting medium closer to the pre-disturbance level that could lead to fairly rapid and successful recolonization of the mined area. Successful plant recruitment also depends on the microsites to which seeds are dispersed. The effect that different microsites had on seed germination, seedling growth and survival was tested. It was found that micro catchments always yielded the highest numbers. The establishment and survival of seedlings in the other microsite types (under single shrubs, under clumped shrubs and in the open) varied, depending on the amount of rainfall received in the particular year. Lastly, I experimented with the translocation of three local, indigenous, succulent plant species. These plants were transplanted either in clumps of three together or alone, since I hypothesized that planting them together would facilitate their survival. However, it was found that it depended largely on the morphology of the plant and the amount of rainfall received in a particular year, whether these plants will compete with each other for limiting resources or facilitate each other's survival. The thesis contributes to the understanding of vegetation dynamics in the Succulent Karoo after strip-mining has taken place. Guidelines are provided based on ecological processes, for strip-mine rehabilitation in the Succulent Karoo.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Namakwaland is bekend vir sy ongewone diversiteit van plante, met baie endemiese spesies. Die fundamentele vraag wat deur hierdie tesis gevra word is hoe hierdie sisteem, wat beskadig is deur oppervlak mynbou, gerehabiliteer kan word. Die doel is om die rehabilitasie metodes te baseer op ekologiese prosesse. 'n Oorsig van die relevante literatuur was nodig om moontlike areas van verdere navorsing te identifiseer en ook die navorsing wat reeds gedoen is oor rehabilitasie van oppervlak myne in ariede gebiede, te evalueer. 'n Goeie begrip van gemeenskap en ekosisteem dinamika sal help om doelwitte en metodes daar te stel vir die rehabilitasie van spesifieke areas. Dit is ook nodig om in Namakwaland, Suid -Afrika, uit te vind watter van die baie faktore, die lang-termyn herstel van 'n ekosisteem, die meeste verhinder. Dit is baie belangrik om In goeie kennis te hê van die versteurings geskiedenis van die area wat gerehabiliteer moet word, asook die suksessionele prosesse wat werksaam is. Plantegroei van areas wat op verskillende tye gemyn en verskillend behandel is, asook ongemynde areas is ondersoek. Sekere areas het In groot mate van herstel gewys in 'n tydperk van 'n paar jaar, terwyl ander, min of geen hersteloor 'n periode van dekades getoon het nie. Dit is belangrik om rehabilitasie as 'n geleidelike proses te sien, wat teen verskillende tempos plaasvind tydens verskillende jare en in verskillende areas. Daar is bevind dat die plant van Atriplex nummularia asook die saai van Atriplex semibaccata nie die terugkeer van inheemse, meerjarige spesies bevoordeel nie, maar dit eerder inhibeer. Aangesien die bo-grond so belangrik is in terme van die grondvrugbaarheid en ook die saadbank wat teenwoordig is, word die invloed van die verwydering en opberging van die bogrond getoets. Die grondvrugbaarheid was bepaal deur groei-toetse op radyse en laboratorium analise op die grond te doen. Die plant spesie diversiteit en rykheid was bepaal met In saad ontkieming studie. In ooreenstemming met die verwagte uitkoms, was die plant spesie diversiteit hoër op die ongemynde bo-grond en die radyse het groter geword op dieselfde grond. Dit kom voor asof die plant spesie diversiteit en rykheid, asook die grond vrugbaarheid afneem met tyd wat die bo-grond geberg word. Die direkte verspreiding van die bo-grond nadat dit verwyder is, sal In medium vir die plante verseker wat nader is aan die vlak voordat die grond versteur is. Dit sal oak sorg vir redelike vinnige en suksesvolle terugkoms van plante op die gemynde grond. Die suksesvolle vestiging van plante hang ook af van die mikro areas (klein areas in terme van die grootte van 'n saad, wat In eie mikro-klimaat vorm), waarna saad versprei word. Die effek van sulke mikro-gebiede op die ontkieming van saad, die groei van die saailinge en die oorlewing van die saailinge was bepaal. Mikro-water- opvanggebiede het in al drie bogenoemde gevalle die hoogste syfers getoon. Die vestiging en oorlewing van saailinge in die ander mikro-gebiede (die area onder enkel struike, die area onder groepe struike en oop areas) het gevarieer afhangend van die hoeveelheid reënval wat ontvang is in die spesifieke jaar. Laastens, is daar ge-eksperimenteer met die oorplant van drie plaaslike, inheemse, sukkulente spesies. Hierdie plante was alleen geplant of in groepies van drie, bymekaar. Die hipotese was dat huloorlewingskanse beter sal wees as hulle saam geplant word. Dit was egter bevind dat die hoeveelheid reënval in 'n spesifieke jaar en die morfologie van die plant, bepaal of hulle sal kompeteer vir die beperkte bronne en of hulle deur saam te groei huloorlewingskanse sal verhoog. Hierdie tesis dra by tot die verstaan van die plantegroei dinamika in die Sukkulente Karoo nadat oppervlak mynbou plaasgevind het. Riglyne vir die rehabilitasie van oppervlak myne, gebasseer op ekologiese prosesse, word ook voorgestel.
39
Madera-Martorell, Andreana. "Potential Use of Abandoned Underground Coal Mine AS-029 as a Reservoir for Ground Source Heat Pumps, Athens, OH." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1597189919105252.
40
Kocha, Jahnavi. "A Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Uranium Concentrations at the Abandoned New Hope Method Mine in the Mojave Desert." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2237.
Abstract:
The impacts of mining are easily observable in the way they alter the terrain of landscapes, displace animals, and increase waste accumulation in an area. An unobservable impact and one that lasts a long time is by radioactive exposure in the environment. Specifically, this is a risk at uranium (U) mine sites which are expanding in number to accommodate the world’s growing energy needs, and even to accommodate weapons manufacturing. This paper analyses the impacts of an abandoned uranium mine on the local environment through measurements of Uranium concentration in soil, plants, and rocks. Transect sampling was used to collect 22 soil samples and 17 plant samples between 5 and 100m of the mine shaft. Uranium concentrations in soil and plant samples, digested with nitric acid, were measured with an Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), and an X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) analysis was used to find the mineral contents of the rock samples. Satellite positions were associated with each sample, which allowed an effective spatial analysis of the Uranium concentration values. U values in soil ranged from 0 to 5.291ppm, with mean concentrations of 0.710 ppm, and U values in plants ranged from 0.0323 to 0.1121ppm with mean concentrations of 0.0558 ppm. A paired t-test determined that there was no spatial autocorrelation in U concentrations of plants and adjacent soils. The highest U concentration was found closest to the mine, peaking at ~7.3 meters from the mine, and low spatial variability occurs in U concentrations at greater than 10 meters from the mine. In comparison with other mines internationally, U concentrations at this study site were low, which may be indicative of a small operating mine, efficient clean-up, and transport mechanisms of U in desert environments.
41
Sanidad, Wilfredo B. "Comparative studies of the water use characteristics of native tree species growing on a rehabilitated mine site in the wet - dry sub - tropics of Queensland /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17423.pdf.
42
Nguyen, Tuyet Anh, Thi Thuy Tuyen Nguyen, Thi Thuy Duong, Thi Phuong Quynh Le, and Cuong Tu Ho. "Physiological properties of new species of Acidithiobacillus isolated from abandoned Tin mine in Ha Thuong, Thai Nguyen province: Research article." Technische Universität Dresden, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29096.
Abstract:
Acidophilic bacteria are able to tolerate acidic environment and also contribute to the lowering of environmental pH value, implying potential applications in metal-leaching technology extracting metals from tailings and electronic wastes. In this study, we conducted a sampling campaign in abandoned Tin mine in Ha Thuong, Thai Nguyen province, to isolate acidophilic bacteria and to study physiological characteristics of the isolated bacteria. As a result, two acidophilic bacteria were successfully isolated and identification by 16S rDNA gene sequences showed that the two bacteria are similar to Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans (98% and 94 % of similarity, respectively). Both strains are tolerant of pH in the range of 3 and have the ability to grow optimally at temperatures of 30°C.Vi khuẩn ưa axit có ý nghĩa ứng dụng trong công nghệ tách rút kim loại từ quặng đuôi và ngay cả từ rác thải linh kiện điện tử. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đã tiến hành thu mẫu ở mỏ thiếc bỏ hoang ở Hà Thượng, Thái Nguyên nhằm phân lập được nhóm vi khuẩn ưa axit và qua đó nghiên cứu một số đặc điểm sinh lý của vi khuẩn này. Kết quả chúng tôi đã phân lập được hai chủng vi khuẩn ưa axit. Định dạng bằng nhận diện trình tự gen 16S rADN cho thấy hai vi khuẩn này có độ tương đồng là 98% với vi khuẩn Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans và 94% Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans. Cả hai chủng vi khuẩn đều có tính chịu pH trong khoảng 3 và có khả năng sinh trưởng tối ưu ở nhiệt độ 30oC.
43
Villazon, Kathryn Aubrey. "Methods to restore native plant communities after invasive species removal marl prairie ponds and an abandoned phosphate mine in Florida /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0041336.
44
McDonough, Hannah L. "Groundwater and Surface Water Contributions to Metals Loading in Bayhorse Creek at the Abandoned Ramshorn Mine Site Near Bayhorse, Idaho." DigitalCommons@USU, 2015. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4163.
Abstract:
Many abandoned mines in the United States are littered with waste metals that leach into watersheds and degrade habitats. Although metals-laden waters may appear pristine, fish bioaccumulate high concentrations of metals in their tissues, which create health risks if consumed by humans. This study examines the source and fate of metals in Bayhorse Creek near the abandoned Ramshorn mine outside of Challis, Idaho. In 2003, the U.S. Geological Survey found high levels of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, silver, and zinc in soils adjacent to the tailings pile. The Idaho Department of Environmental Quality authorized remediation to begin in summer 2011 without fully comprehending the source and fate of contaminants into the creek.
Metals loads were determined along the reach of Bayhorse Creek adjacent to the mine by measuring the flow rates of streams and groundwater seeps, and collecting water samples for chemical analysis. The chemical controls on metals mobility and attenuation in the surface and groundwater at the site were determined by computer modeling, a diffuse double-layer surface complexation model and the geochemical program PHREEQC.
Dissolved and suspended arsenic, copper, iron, manganese, lead, and zinc load the creek. The lowest site along the creek consistently measured as the highest load. Arsenic, copper, and lead loads were relatively insignificant compared to iron and manganese. The results indicate that 47% or more of the iron and manganese travel as metal-oxides, and arsenic and zinc tend to sorb to ferrous oxides. Large metals fluxes between SW-1 and SW-5 and at SW-8 suggest tailings and waste rock located between SW-1 and SW-5 and the slag pile adjacent to SW-8 are the main sources of metals contamination. Concentrations below the EPA drinking water standards and the absence of acidic pH indicate that the main metals loading consists of safe levels of iron, manganese, and zinc.
45
Siemer, Kyle W. "You've got that Sinking Feeling: Measuring Subsidence above Abandoned Underground Mines in Ohio, USA." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1372439025.
46
Byrne, Patrick. "Contaminant hydrogeochemistry and aquatic ecosystem health at abandoned metal mines : the Afon Twymyn, central Wales." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6174.
Abstract:
Following the decline of the UK metal mining industry by the 1920s, over 3,000 abandoned metal mines exist in England and Wales. Contaminated drainage from this historical industry causes approximately 20% of all water quality failures in England and Wales. In this thesis, a holistic geographical approach, incorporating aspects of hydrology, hydrogeochemistry and freshwater ecology, is employed to investigate the hydrological, sedimentological and ecological impacts of the abandoned Dylife lead/zinc mine on the Afon Twymyn (central Wales). Examination of river sediment quality highlights the need for measurements of the quality of this component of the river ecosystem and, in particular, measurement of bioavailable as opposed to total metals. The majority of heavy metals in bed sediments of the Afon Twymyn exist in highly mobile geochemical phases, potentially posing serious threats to ecological integrity. Significant metal flushing occurred during flood events at Dylife mine and a distinct seasonal pattern was observed with greater levels of flushing occurring during flood events in the summer months. It is suggested that investigations of contaminant/ecosystem relations and potential remediation strategies should include high-resolution temporal sampling of river water chemistry under conditions of flood flow. Paradoxically, a range of biological indices failed to identify significant negative impacts of metal mine contaminants on macroinvertebrate communities, suggesting there is little contamination of the river ecosystem. However, Canonical Correspondence Analysis did identify significant differences in community structure between polluted and unpolluted river stretches, suggesting that standard unimetric biological indices might only be successful in identifying impacts at the most severely polluted mine sites. It is suggested that the ecological approach of the European Union Water Framework Directive to the assessment of river ecosystem status may not yield an accurate representation of contamination in rivers such as the Afon Twymyn where contamination by mining is moderate, circum-neutral and the mining operation is long abandoned.
47
Walters, Evan Robert. "Sulfate Reducing Bioreactor Dependence on Organic Substrates for Long-Term Remediation of Acid Mine Drainage." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1397.
Abstract:
Coal-generated acid mine drainage (AMD) is characterized by low-pH waters with excessive loads of dissolved species such as SO4, Fe, Al and Mn along with other elements of environmental concern (i.e. Cd, As, Cr, Ni, Pb, Se and Cu). To mitigate this problem, anaerobic sulfate reducing bioreactors (ASRB) have been implemented as a technology for passive treatment systems that utilize low-cost organic substrates to stimulate biologically enhanced contaminant sequestration. Previous work has identified the establishment of diverse microbial communities in which a hierarchal chain of substrate degradation processes is essential in developing sustainable environments to produce long-lived sulfate-reducing microbial (SRM) populations. In this study, to determine the optimal mixture of substrate types, alternating ratios of herbaceous (ie. leaves, grass, spent brewing grains) and ligneous (i.e. maple wood chips and saw dust) reactor matrices were tested. Five bioreactors along with one control reactor containing only limestone were constructed at the Tab-Simco abandoned mine land (AML) site in southern Illinois, USA. The field experiments were monitored over ~ one year (377 days) to evaluate the physical, geochemical and microbiological parameters which dictate ASRB efficiency in remediation of AMD contaminants. Results from this experiment documented contaminant removal in all reactors. However, the bioreactors established SRM populations that contributed to enhanced removal of SO4, Fe, and trace metals (i.e. Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni). Geochemical assessment of the aqueous environments established within the bioreactors suggested multiple pathways of contaminant sequestration. This included the formation of Fe-oxyhydroxide precipitates, adsorption, co-precipitation (e.g. Zn/Ni-Ferrites) and bio-induced sulfide mineralization. Activity of the SRMs was dependent on temperature, with bioreactors exhibiting decreases in both effluent sulfide concentrations and 34S-depletion of sulfate during low-T months (i.e. T < 10°C). Overall, maximum remediation of dissolved constituents SO4, Fe, Al and Mn was obtained in the predominantly herbaceous bioreactors. Extrapolation of our results to the full-scale Tab-Simco bioreactor indicated that, over the course of one year, the herbaceous bioreactors would remove ~75,600 kg SO4, 21,800 kg Fe, 8000 kg Al, and 77 kg Mn. This represents a 21.7 wt%, 41.5 wt%, 9.4 wt% and 81.8 wt% increase in SO4, Fe, Al and Mn removal over dominantly ligneous bioreactors, respectively. Although the overall Fe removal within the limestone control reactor reached 44.5 mol%; removal of 19.5 mol% SO4 and 36.9 mol% Al from influent AMD were significantly less when compared to the bioreactors. These results imply that ASRB technologies are promising in remediation of coal-generated AMD and increasing herbaceous content of bioreactors can significantly enhance contaminant sequestration. However, geochemical results also displayed seasonal variation in redox gradients within our field ASRB's which may induce dissolution of the redox sensitive phases produced within bioreactors. Furthermore, optimal microbial-mediated sulfate reduction may be inhibited by the high surface areas of the abundant Fe/Al-oxyhydroxides which dominate the system. Therefore, to enhance ASRB remediation capacity, future designs must optimize not only the organic carbon substrate but also include a pretreatment phase in which the bulk of dissolved Fe/Al-species are removed from the influent AMD prior to entering the bioreactor.
48
Peplow, Dan. "The influence of mine waste contamination on invertebrates and fish in the Methow River Valley, Okanogan County, Washington (U.S.A.) /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5519.
49
Beaudoin, Nadeau Martin. "Development of a new green technoloy for the revegetation of abandoned gold mine tailings using specific symbionts associated with "picea glauca"." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25666.
Abstract:
Le rôle et l'importance des micro-organismes telluriques (PGPR et champignons ECM) à favoriser la santé, la croissance et la nutrition de Picea glauca ont été étudiés sur stériles et résidus miniers fins riches en quartz-biotite de la mine d’or Sigma-Lamaque située dans la région de l'Abitibi au Canada. L’étude a été divisée en trois composantes. Premièrement, la structure des communautés de champignons ECM associés aux racines de Picea glauca a été analysée sur quatre sites différents à proximité du site minier. Deuxièmement, une expérience en laboratoire a été effectuée afin de sélectionner in vitro des champignons ECM prometteurs qui démontrent une excellente croissance sur résidus miniers. Troisièmement, une expérience en serre impliquant la croissance de semis de Picea glauca sur stériles et résidus miniers fins a été réalisée et la performance de différents traitements de champignons ECM et PGPR a été évaluée. Les résultats suggèrent que les champignons ECM et PGPR adaptés aux conditions du site jouent un rôle très important au niveau de la santé et de la croissance de Picea glauca sur résidus miniers riches en quartz-biotite.The role and importance of soil microorganisms (PGPR and ECM fungi) in promoting the health, growth, and nutrition of Picea glauca were investigated on biotite-quartz-rich waste rocks and fine tailings of Sigma-Lamaque gold mine located in the Abitibi region of Canada. The study was divided into three components. Firstly, the community structure of ECM fungi associated with Picea glauca was analyzed on four locations near the mining site. Secondly, a laboratory experiment was conducted in order to in vitro select promising ECM fungi that were growing well on mine tailings. Thirdly, a glasshouse experiment involving the growth of Picea glauca seedlings on waste rocks and fine tailings was conducted and the performance of different treatments of ECM fungi and PGPR was evaluated. Results suggested that site-adapted ECM fungi and PGPR play a very important role in the health and growth of Picea glauca on biotite-quartz-rich waste rocks and fine tailings.
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Gozzard, Emma. "The sources, fate and dynamics of abandoned metal mine water pollutants : a catchment scale investigation of the River West Allen, Northumberland, UK." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485509.
Abstract:
The implementation in 2003 of the EU Water Framework Directive (2000/60IEC) in England and Wales necessitates addressing water quality issues at the river catchment scale, In the first instance, the overall aim of the Directive is to achieve 'good ecological and chemical status' in all surface and ground water bodies by 2015. Principally due to the presence of elevated metals concentrations, abandoned mine water pollution has been identified by the Environment Agency (England & Wales) as a potentially major impediment to meeting this aim. Particular uncertainty surrounds the importance of diffuse sources of pollution from abandoned mines, the sources and quantification of which have been poorly studied to date. The overall aim of this study was therefore to investigate the importance of diffuse sources of ,,- metals pollution associated with a former-mining district. Within this overall aim, primary objectives included an assessment of the role of diffuse sources under varying hydrological conditions, and an investigation of the potential significance of riverbed sediment as a source and sink o~ metal pollutants. The study site, the River West Allen catchment, Northumberland, forms part of the Alston Block in the north Pennine orefield, the mineral veins of which are largely hosted in Carboniferous Limestone strata. The area was principally worked for zinc (and lead) for over 300 years. As a result, the river is now impacted by three distinct point discharges from these now long abandoned lead-zinc mines. Preliminary reconnaissance surveys illustrated that the pollution arising frpm these drainage adits primarily influences the river's total zinc concentrations, which heavily exceed European statutory environmental quality standards (EQS) throughout much of the catchment. Thus, the sources, fate and dynamics of zinc was the principal focus ofthe work. In this study, synchronous monitoring of aqueous hydrochemistry, flow measurements, and river bed sediment geochemistry, has been -routinely carried out under varying flow conditions for over a year. This has enabled the calculation of the contaminant metal loads at point mine water discharges and selected river locations, under differing hydrological conditions, thus establishing the overall impact of point mine waters within the catchment, and allowing the derivation of contributions from diffuse mine water pollution to the instream totals. In addition, sampling and analysis of river bed sediments (including sequential extraction procedures) has allowed an assessment of the potential importance of such materials as a contributor to diffuse metals pollution. The results of the investigation show that during low flow conditions point source mine water pollution contributes significantly to zinc loadings in the river. In fac~ the total zinc loading . - - ~ - of pojnt sources far exceeds that of the zinc loading in the river downstream of these discharges in low flow conditions (by up to 440%), suggesting considerable attenuation of zinc within the river channel. At all sample sites in the river EQS values are exceeded by up to a factor of 37. Under higher flows instream zinc concentrations exceed EQS values by up to a factor of 57. Point source contributions to total instream zinc loading become far less significant, falling to as little as just 10%. Thus diffuse sources of zinc pollution (i.e. those unaccounted for in the zinc mass balance calculated from point source and instream loadings) account for up to 90% of the instream zinc load, highlighting the dynamic importance of diffuse inputs. Possible diffuse sources include 1) sediment resuspension, due to scouring of metal contaminated river-bed sediments, .q.fld possible subsequent metal remobilisation, 2) direct groundwater input via the hyporheic zone and 3) surface run-off from mine spoil. Of these diffuse inputs the resuspension and possible remobilisation of heavily contaminated sediment has been .investigated in detail here, and appears to be an important potential source of increases in the instream zinc loading during high flow events. The instream concentration and loading of total suspended sediment increases approximately 30-fold and 2,200-fold, respectively, from low to high flow, suggesting sediment resuspension is a key process in releasing zinc into the water column. Zinc concentrations within river-bed sediments typically ~ange from 6,000 - 75,000 mg/kg. These values far exceed interim threshold concentration limits (currently adopted by the Environment Agency) by up to a factor of 600. The majority of this zinc is deemed 'potentially available', as approximately 50% of the total zinc concentration IS associated with carbonates and hydrous ferric oxides. Therefore, changes within pH or redox conditions within the water column may have the potential to remobilise particulate zinc. This work emphasises the potential importance of diffuse sources of mine water pollution in river catchments in former mining districts. In the River West Allen the proportional significance of such point and diffuse sources to total instream zinc loading differs under varying hydrological conditions, and the findings have implications for the management of such pollution issues more widely. For example, it raises questions as to whether treatment of point mine water sources alone will result in measurable environmental benefits in terms of meeting the objectives of the Water Framework Directive. In the River West Allen catchment, while remediation of the point sources of mining pollution would lead to improvements in low flow water quality, the legacy of mining pollution in sedimentassociated metals, and possibly other sources of diffuse metals contamination, may continue to provide an ongoing source of diffuse metal pollution at higher flows.