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1
Giri, I. Nyoman Adiasmara, Tatam Sutarmat, Hirmawan Tirta Yudha, Ibnu Rusdi, and Bambang Susanto. "GROW-OUT OF ABALONE Haliotis squamata IN FLOATING CAGES FED DIFFERENT PROPORTIONS OF SEAWEED AND WITH REDUCTION OF STOCKING DENSITY." Indonesian Aquaculture Journal 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/iaj.9.1.2014.15-21.
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Abalone is a herbivore marine animal which feeds on seaweed. Abalone culture has a good prospect in terms of price, market share and simple culture technique. Thus, a study was conducted with the aim of finding out an effective and efficient abalone culture technique in terms of feed use and density. In this study, a 42 cm diameter plastic container with a 22 cm height was used. Three vertically arranged containers were used as the experimental group which were put into a net box and hung onto a raft so that the containers were placed in a 4 m depth below the sea surface. The juvenile of abalones being used came from a hatchery production that has been adapted to cages environment with Gracilaria sp. and Ulva sp. feed. The initial density of abalones was 450 for each container, with the initial weight of 2.6-3.2 g and the 2.5-2.7 cm shell lengths. The abalones were fed with Gracilaria sp. and Ulva sp. seaweeds with different Gracilaria sp./Ulva sp. proportions, i.e. 100/0% (A); 80/20% (B); and 60/40% (C) as the treatments. Each treatment consisted of two replications. After three months of rearing period, densities of abalones were reduced to be 190 for each experimental unit. Weight and shell length of abalones were measured every month by measuring 25 abalone samples from each experimental unit. The result of the experiment showed that the increase in the Ulva sp. proportion in the feed increased the growth of abalones and decreased the feed conversion. Feeding with Gracilaria sp./Ulva sp. proportion of 60%/40% allowed the best growth of abalones. The decrease of abalone density in the experimental unit after three months of rearing also produced an increase in their growth.
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Wei, Xiaohui, Bingye Yang, Wencui Zeng, Bin Tang, Miaoqin Huang, Xuan Luo, Weiwei You, and Caihuan Ke. "Carotenoid Accumulation in Common and Orange-Muscle Mutant of Abalone, Haliotis gigantea, Fed with Different Macroalgae." Aquaculture Nutrition 2022 (December 30, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9287594.
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Aquatic animals cannot synthesize carotenoids, thus they must come from diet or from symbionts. Previous studies have found that orange-muscle abalones are rich in carotenoids, but the effects of different diets on the accumulation of carotenoids are unknown. In this study, the effects of macroalgae (Gracilaria lemaneiformis), fresh and dried kelp (Laminaria japonica) on the contents of the predominant carotenoids, including zeaxanthin, β-carotene, and fucoxanthin, between the common and orange-muscle mutant of Haliotis gigantea were compared through a one-year culture experiment. Our study confirmed that carotenoids in abalones mainly come from diets, and the carotenoid types in the muscles were similar to their diets. We also found that feeding on G.lemaneiformis played an important role in maintaining a stable carotenoid content over time, especially zeaxanthin in H.gigantea. Our data also provided that abalones had a good growth performance under the feeding conditions of G.lemaneiformis. Finally, compared with common abalones, orange-muscle abalones had a notably enhanced ability to accumulate carotenoids through their diet, especially zeaxanthin ( P < 0.01 ). However, the growth performance of orange-muscle abalones was lower than those of common abalones fed the same diets. These results inferred that the content of carotenoid in abalone may be controlled by genetic factors, and diet had a significant influence on the accumulation of carotenoid in abalone to some extent.
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Lee, Hey Gene, MinJoong Joo, Jong-Moon Park, Mi Ae Kim, JeongHun Mok, Seong-Hyeon Cho, Young Chang Sohn, and Hookeun Lee. "Lipid Profiling of Pacific Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) at Different Developmental Stages Using Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2022 (October 17, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5822562.
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Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) is a commercially important mollusk; therefore, improvement of its growth performance and quality has been emphasized. During embryonic development, abalones undergo a series of distinct larval stages, including swimming veliger larvae, juveniles, and mature individuals, and their biomolecular composition varies depending on the developmental stage. Therefore, in the present study, we performed untargeted lipid profiling of abalone tissues at different developmental stages as well as the hemolymph of mature female and male abalones using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. These profiles can provide meaningful information to understand compositional changes in lipids through abalone metamorphosis and development. A total of 132 lipids belonging to 15 classes were identified from abalone tissues at different developmental stages. Moreover, 21 lipids belonging to 8 classes were identified from the hemolymph of mature abalones. All data were processed following strict criteria to provide accurate information. Triglycerides and phosphatidylcholines were the major lipid components identified in both tissues and hemolymph, accounting for, respectively, 27% and 15% of all lipids in tissues and, respectively, 24% and 38% of all lipids in the hemolymph. Of note, lysophosphatidylcholine was only detected in the tissues of mature abalones, paving the way for further analyses of abalone lipids based on developmental stages. The present findings offer novel insights into the lipidome of abalone tissues and hemolymph at different developmental stages, building a foundation for improving the efficiency and quality of abalone aquaculture.
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Chen, I.-Wen, Pen-Heng Chang, Min-Shou Chen, Tristan Renault, Meei-Mei Chen, Shu-Ting Kuo, and Chiung-Hsiang Cheng. "EXPLORING THE CHRONIC MORTALITY AFFECTING ABALONES IN TAIWAN: DIFFERENTIATION OF ABALONE HERPESVIRUS-ASSOCIATED ACUTE INFECTION FROM CHRONIC MORTALITY BY PCR AND IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION AND HISTOPATHOLOGY." Taiwan Veterinary Journal 42, no. 01 (March 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1682648515500237.
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Abalone herpesvirus (AbHV) infection of cultured abalones Haliotis diversicolor supertexta induced acute high mortality in 2003. Years later, sporadic mortality was noted for an extended period of months, resulting in high cumulative mortality. Moribund abalones were analyzed using PCR, in situ hybridization, and histopathology, because thus far no viral particles have been observed by transmission electron microscopy. PCR using 20 primer sets, specifically designed from sequences of acute AbHV infection, failed to amplify any products from abalones suffering from chronic mortality. Subsequently, a 1406-bp sequence was amplified from chronic moribund abalones, and this sequence showed a 92% (553 bp/602 bp) homology with the gene of an AbHV Taiwan isolate (NCBI serial no. KF537536.1), suggestive of an AbHV pathotype. Histopathology of AbHV pathotype infection showed hemocyte infiltration in the lamina propia of the digestive tract, and hemocytes of various stages were evident, as well as the loss of seminal tubules in the gonad. In situ hybridization revealed that in AbHV infection, positive signals were restricted to the neural ganglia, while in AbHV pathotype infection, positive signals were observed only in the hemocytes. It appeared that the tropism of AbHV shifted from mainly neurotropic in AbHV infection to mainly hemocytotropic in abalone suffering from chronic mortality. Abalone shriveling syndrome-associated virus co-infection was detected in some of AbHV pathotype infection events. Further studies are needed to better understand the pathogenesis of AbHV pathotype affecting H. diversicolor in Taiwan.
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Jwa, Min-Seok, and Chang-Yu Hong. "Prospecting the Effects on Abalone (H. discus) Growth under Low-Salinity Stress after Feeding Citrus Peel (CP) and Ecklonia cava disuse (ECD) as Feed Additives." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 7 (June 26, 2021): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9070707.
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This study addressed the effects of adding citrus peel (CP) and Ecklonia cava disuse extract (ECD) in the diet of abalones, which are a highly utilized marine species in Korea. As interest in abalone farming is increasing around the fishing community, the installation of land tanks and fish farms on the southern coast and Jeju Island in South Korea is spreading remarkably. In order to create the best opportunities for survival and reproduction, immunity to disease, and growth potential of abalones, we must consider the diet implemented in abalone farming. The survival rate of abalone has shown positive results when their diet is supplemented with CP and ECD. Our research also concluded that the addition of ECD may have a significant effect on the abalone growth and physiology.
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Kibet, Duncan, and Jong-Ho Shin. "Counting Abalone with High Precision Using YOLOv3 and DeepSORT." Processes 11, no. 8 (August 4, 2023): 2351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11082351.
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In this research work, an approach using You Only Look Once version three (YOLOv3)-TensorFlow for abalone detection and Deep Simple Online Real-time Tracking (DeepSORT) for abalone tracking in conveyor belt systems is proposed. The conveyor belt system works in coordination with the cameras used to detect abalones. Considering the computational effectiveness and improved detection algorithms, this proposal is promising compared to the previously proposed methods. Some of these methods have low effectiveness and accuracy, and they provide an incorrect counting rate because some of the abalones tend to entangle, resulting in counting two or more abalones as one. Conducting detection and tracking research is crucial to achieve modern solutions for small- and large-scale fishing industries that enable them to accomplish higher automation, non-invasiveness, and low cost. This study is based on the development and improvement of counting analysis tools for automation in the fishing industry. This enhances agility and generates more income without the cost created by inaccuracy.
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Lin, Hongyue, Yiyang Qian, Jia Chen, Xiaolong Gao, Mo Zhang, Weiwei You, and Rongxin Zhang. "Acoustic Characterization for The Feeding Activities of Haliotis discus Hannai." Applied Sciences 13, no. 9 (April 29, 2023): 5559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13095559.
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In order to analyze the sound production mechanism and the acoustic characteristics of Haliotis discus hannai during feeding, this paper proposes a multi-source information fusion approach combining passive acoustics with videos. In the experiments, abalones with a shell length of 60 ± 2.7 mm were divided into two groups: Group A was fed with fresh macro algae Gracilaria lemaneiformis as food once each day; Group B was placed on a small amount of sand as impurities at the bottom of the tank. As control groups, Group C did not have abalone or food and Group D did not have abalones but food was added. The eating acoustic signals of abalone were mainly concentrated in the frequency range between 9.49 kHz and 44.36 kHz, wherein the peak frequency is 37.86 ± 2.55 kHz, with the maximum energy −66.43 ± 5.17 dBm/Hz. Each pulse sequence is with a duration of 119.12 ± 70.51 ms and consists of several sub-pulses. Nearly 70% of the pulse sequences consist of 1~2 sub-pulses and the duration of the pulse containing one sub-pulse is 42.62 ± 19.72 ms. The eating rate was kept at 0.61 ± 0.04 times/min at the beginning and was decreased significantly to 0.48 ± 0.08 times/min after 60 min. Note that the characteristic analysis of abalone acoustic signals during feeding are first reported in this manuscript to the best of our knowledge, and this paper also demonstrates that the sound of abalone is produced by scraping and grinding food with radula. Because the eating rate decreases with the reduction in the abalone’s level of hunger, the results may be used as an acoustic indicator of feeding strategy for the abalone aquaculture industry.
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Jwa, Min-seok, and Chang-Yu Hong. "Physiological Responses of Intrinsic Small Abalone Haliotis diversicolor aquatilis under High Temperature Stress by Low Level 60CO Gamma Irradiation-Mediated Hormetic Effect." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 11 (November 12, 2020): 906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8110906.
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Haliotis diversicolor aquatilis (H. diversicolor aquatilis) is one of the aquaculture abalone species in Jeju Island, South Korea. The high water temperature in the middle of the summer season frequently limits the aquaculture productivity of abalone. To cope with the problem, this study aimed to investigate viability, attachment rate, changes of immune response, and physiological properties of juvenile small abalone Haliotis diversicolor aquatilis against high water temperature stress under 60CO-gamma irradiation-mediated hormetic effects. To examine physiological changes of abalone, the gamma-ray irradiated and non-irradiated groups were distinguished by grouping a total of 70 abalones in a treated group and a control group (each group included twenty-five female and ten male abalones). The treated group was exposed to 60CO-gamma irradiation using a designed experimental apparatus, the control group was not. Our results revealed that the low level of gamma ray (20 Gy)-irradiated Haliotis diversicolor aquatilis showed a 100% survival rate during the experiment. After gamma ray exposure, all the abalones were cultured without feeding and bioactivities were measured to examine gamma ray-induced physiological responses. The results suggested the potential for selective breeding using gamma ray irradiation hormesis to manipulate the number of eggs, fertilization rate, hatching rate, and attachment rate. The shell length of juvenile abalone was significantly enhanced by a 20 Gy radiation dose. We could presume that the effect of hormesis in the gamma-ray irradiation parent shellfish also had a genetic effect on the offspring. In order to verify changes in immune response and stress tolerance of abalone under high temperature stress, lysozyme activity and survival rates were compared at a water temperature of 30 °C. Interestingly, the 60Co gamma ray-irradiated abalones exhibited almost a 1.65-fold enhanced survival rate along with reduced lysozyme activity after 12 h of high temperature stress. Our results speculate that low levels of 60Co gamma ray-mediated hormetic effects can be an effective strategy for shell length growth and high temperature stress tolerance.
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Villasante, Alejandro, Natalia Catalán, Rodrigo Rojas, Karin B. Lohrmann, and Jaime Romero. "Microbiota of the Digestive Gland of Red Abalone (Haliotis rufescens) Is Affected by Withering Syndrome." Microorganisms 8, no. 9 (September 13, 2020): 1411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091411.
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Withering syndrome (WS), an infectious disease caused by intracellular bacteria Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis, has provoked significant economic losses in abalone aquaculture. The pathogen infects gastroenteric epithelia, including digestive gland, disrupting the digestive system and causing a progressive wilting in abalone. Nonetheless, our knowledge about WS implications in digestive gland microbiota, and its role in diseases progress remains largely unknown. This study aims to determine whether digestive gland-associated microbiota differs between healthy red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) and red abalone affected with WS. Using high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, our results revealed differences in microbiota between groups. Bacterial genera, including Mycoplasma, Lactobacillus, Cocleimonas and Tateyamaria were significantly more abundant in healthy abalones, whilst Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis and Marinomonas were more abundant in WS-affected abalones. Whilst Mycoplasma was the dominant genus in the healthy group, Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis was dominant in the WS group. However, Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis was present in two healthy specimens, and thus the Mycoplasma/Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis ratio appears to be more determinant in specimens affected with WS. Further research to elucidate the role of digestive gland microbiota ecology in WS pathogenesis is required.
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Rusdi, Ibnu, Riani Rahmawati, Bambang Susanto, and I. Nyoman Adiasmara. "PEMATANGAN GONAD INDUK ABALON Haliotis squamata MELALUI PENGELOLAAN PAKAN." Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 5, no. 3 (November 28, 2016): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.5.3.2010.383-391.
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Abalon merupakan hewan yang bersifat herbivora di alam memakan berbagai jenis makroalga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh berbagai makroalga sebagai pakan terhadap perkembangan gonad abalon Haliotis squamata. Dalam penelitian ini diterapkan 4 perlakuan pemberian pakan yaitu: (A) Gracilaria sp., (B) Ulva sp., (C) Sargassum sp., (D) Kombinasi Gracilaria sp. + Ulva sp. + Sargassum sp. (rasio 1:1:1). Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap masing-masing dengan 3 ulangan. Induk-induk abalon dipelihara dalam 12 buah kontainer plastik berlubang ukuran 0,58 m x 0,39 m x 0,31 m dan ditempatkan dalam sebuah bak semen ukuran 3 m x 2 m x 1 m. Setiap kontainer berisi abalon sebanyak 10 ekor dengan ukuran awal rata-rata panjang cangkang dan bobot masing-masing 58,9±1,37 mm dan 36,1±4,06 g. Pakan diberikan dengan dosis 15%-20% dari bobot biomassa setiap 2 hari sekali. Pergantian air menggunakan sistem sirkulasi dengan debit 5-6 L/menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata pertumbuhan bobot mutlak dan laju pertumbuhan bobot harian berbeda nyata (P<0,05) antar perlakuan. Tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG) induk abalon pada hari ke-70 diperoleh TKG-III tertinggi dihasilkan pada perlakuan kombinasi Gracilaria + Ulva sp. + Sargassum sp. (P<0,05). Perlakuan pakan kombinasi Gracilaria sp. + Ulva sp. dan Sargassum sp. terlihat lebih sesuai dalam memacu pematangan gonad induk abalon H. squamata. Abalone is a herbivorous animal which consumes various kinds of macroalgae in the wild. The aim of the study was to study the effects of various kinds of macroalgae on gonadal maturation of abalone, Haliotis squamata. The experiment applied four kinds of macroalgae i.e.: (A) Gracilaria sp.; (B) Ulva sp.; (C) Sargassum sp.; and (D) Combination of Gracilaria sp. + Ulva sp. + Sargassum sp. (ratio 1:1:1) as food for abalone broodstock. The experiment was arranged in complete random design with three replications. One cemented tank of 3 m x 2 m x 1 m in size was used for the observation. Twelve plastic containers of 0,58 m x 0,39 m x 0,31 m in size were placed in the tank and stocked with 10 abalones per container with the average size of shell length and body weight were 58.9±1.37 mm and 36.1±4.06 g, respectively. For each treatment, macroalgae was given daily with the dosage between 15% and 20% from the total of body weight. Water exchange was done using flow-through system with rate of exchange of 5-6 L/minute. The result of the study showed that the average of absolute growth and daily growth rate of abalones were significantly different (P<0.05) among treatments. The observation of gonadal development of abalone broodstocks on day-70 revealed that the latest stage III of gonadal maturation was achieved by the broodstock fed with combination treatment of Gracilaria sp. + Ulva sp. + Sargassum sp. (P<0.05). Combination of macroalgae from this treatment was clearly able to stimulate gonadal maturation of H. squamata broodstock.
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Ke, Yizhou, Shuyi Liu, Wencui Zeng, Xiaolong Gao, Mingyi Cai, and Weiwei You. "Comparative Responses of Orange-Foot and Common-Foot Haliotis gigantea to Carotenoid-Enriched Diets: Survival, Heat Tolerance, and Bacterial Resistance." Animals 14, no. 2 (January 5, 2024): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14020180.
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Carotenoids, known to enhance survival, heat tolerance, and bacterial resistance, play an essential role in the nutrition of economically important aquatic animals. This study specifically examined their impact as feed additives on the abalone Haliotis gigantea. We prepared 13 compound feeds with varying levels of astaxanthin, zeaxanthin, and β-carotene, and administered them to both common-footed and orange-footed H. gigantea. The survival rate of H. gigantea was about 70–80%, with no significant differences in survival observed among the various carotenoid-supplemented feeding groups or when compared with the control group, nor between orange-footed and common-footed individuals. In heat attachment duration experiments, orange-foot abalones exhibited longer attachment durations with certain concentrations of astaxanthin and zeaxanthin, whereas common-foot abalones showed extended durations with astaxanthin, zeaxanthin, and β-carotene, indicating that common-foot abalones might benefit more from these carotenoids. Additionally, our results showed similar patterns and levels of Vibrio harveyi AP37 resistance in both orange-footed and common-footed H. gigantea, suggesting a uniform response to carotenoid supplementation in their bacterial defense mechanisms. This study suggests the potential benefits of carotenoid supplementation in H. gigantea and contributes to the theoretical basis for developing high-quality artificial compound feeds.
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Khotimah, Fitriyah Husnul, Gusti Ngurah Permana, Ibnu Rusdi, Bambang Susanto, and Alimuddin Alimuddin. "STIMULASI PERTUMBUHAN JUVENIL ABALON, Haliotis squamata DENGAN PEMBERIAN HORMON REKOMBINAN IKAN rElGH." Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 11, no. 4 (January 17, 2017): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.11.4.2016.331-338.
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Masalah yang paling utama dalam budidaya abalon tropis adalah pertumbuhan yang lambat. Penggunaan rElGH (recombinant giant grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus growth hormone) untuk menstimulasi pertumbuhan beberapa spesies ikan sudah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji akselerasi pertumbuhan juvenil abalon tropis, Haliotis squamata setelah diberi perlakuan perendaman hormon rekombinan ikan kerapu kertang, Epinephelus lanceolatus pada frekuensi yang berbeda. Ada empat perlakuan frekuensi perendaman rElGH yaitu 4, 9, 16 kali, dan tanpa perendaman (kontrol). Masing-masing perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Perendaman dilakukan selama tiga jam, dengan interval waktu empat hari. Kepadatan abalon tropis 100 ekor/L air laut yang mengandung 30 mg rElGH. Wadah untuk perendaman berupa beaker glass yang dilengkapi dengan aerasi. Penelitian dilakukan selama tujuh bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa abalon tropis yang direndam rElGH dengan frekuensi empat kali menghasilkan pertumbuhan bobot tubuh dan panjang cangkang tertinggi dan berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan lainnya (P<0,05). Sintasan abalon tropis yang diberi perlakuan perendaman hormon rElGH lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan kontrol.The most crucial problem in tropical abalone aquaculture is the slow growth of the species. Studies investigating the use of rElGH (recombinant giant grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus growth hormone) for promoting growth have been performed in various species. This research aimed to examine the growth acceleration of tropical abalone, Haliotis squamata juvenile after being treated in different immersion frequencies of recombinant giant grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus growth hormone (rElGH). There were four treatments of rElGH immersion frequency: 4, 9, 16 times and without rElGH immersion (control). Each treatment was performed in triplicates. Immersion was performed for 3 hours, at 4-day intervals and a density of 100 tropical abalones in 1 L seawater containing 30 mg rElGH. Immersion was conducted in a beaker glass supplied with oxygen. The results indicated that rElGH immersion for total of 4 times showed significantly higher (P<0.05) body weight and shell length of tropical abalone compared to other treatments. The Survival of tropical abalone treated with rElGH was also significantly higher than control.
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Tegner, Mia J. "Southern California Abalones: Can Stocks Be Rebuilt Using Marine Harvest Refugia?" Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50, no. 9 (September 1, 1993): 2010–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f93-225.
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Recovery of the isolated Palos Verdes Peninsula (PVP) kelp forest community after severe disturbance offers important implications for the design of marine harvest refugia. In 1977, part of the Southern California mainland coast was closed to abalone fishing to promote natural recovery. Pink (Haliotis corrugata) and green (Haliotis fulgens) abalones, historically the more abundant haliotids at PVP, did not respond. Nearby islands had substantial stocks, but the short planktonic period of green abalone larvae suggested that dispersal between isolated beds was uncommon. A drift tube study supported this hypothesis and stressed the importance of local brood stock. An experimental transplant of green abalone brood stock into sites where the drift tube data suggested high probability of larval retention led to a dramatic increase in juvenile abundance, a pattern not seen at distant controls. Other taxa with different distributions and larval periods further support the importance of dispersal potential to the natural recovery of depleted stocks. Thus, refugia design must consider the life history of target species, the oceanographic regime and distances from source areas, as well as the feasibility of enforcement.
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Dong, Jiaxu, Xiaoyan Fang, Huihui Wang, Xu Zhang, and Xueheng Tao. "Abalone Muscle Texture Evaluation and Prediction Based on TPA Experiment." Journal of Food Quality 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2069470.
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The effects of different heat treatments on abalones’ texture properties and sensory characteristics were studied. Thermal processing of abalone muscle was analyzed to determine the optimal heat treatment condition based on fuzzy evaluation. The results showed that heat treatment at 85°C for 1 hour had certain desirable effects on the properties of the abalone meat. Specifically, a back propagation (BP) neural network was introduced to predict the equations of statistically significant sensory hardness, springiness, and smell using the texture data gained through TPA (texture profile analysis) experiments as input and sensory evaluation data as the desired output. The final outcome was that the predictability was proved to be satisfactory, with an average error of 6.93%.
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Permana, Gusti Ngurah, Fitriyah Khusnul Khotimah, Bambang Susanto, Ibnu Rusdi, and Haryanti Haryanti. "KERAGAAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN REPRODUKSI ABALON Haliotis squamata Reeve (1846) TURUNAN KETIGA." Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 12, no. 3 (January 5, 2018): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.12.3.2017.197-202.
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Pengamatan pertumbuhan dan reproduksi abalon Haliotis squamata dilakukan di hatcheri Balai Besar Riset Budidaya Laut dan Penyuluhan Perikanan (BBRBLPP) Gondol, Bali. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk memperoleh informasi tentang keragaan pertumbuhan dan performansi reproduksi abalon turunan ketiga. Induk H. squamata turunan kedua hasil seleksi yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan benih turunan ketiga mempunyai ukuran panjang cangkang 6,5-7,0 cm. Benih dipelihara dalam bak beton berukuran 2,5 m x 1,2 m x 1,0 m yang diberikan feeding plate sebagai substrat penempelan dan dilengkapi dengan sistem aerasi dan sistem air mengalir. Pakan yang diberikan pada awal pemeliharaan adalah diatom jenis Nitzschia sp. dan Melosira sp. yang telah ditumbuhkan terlebih dahulu pada feeding plate sebelum penebaran benih. Benih F-3 dipelihara sampai menjadi calon induk untuk diamati perkembangan reproduksinya. Pengambilan sampel pertumbuhan dilakukan setiap 10 hari. Pengamatan reproduksi dilakukan pada saat abalon mulai tumbuh gonad sampai matang gonad stadia-III. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan abalon sangat dipengaruhi ketersediaan pakan pada plate terutama pada hari ke-50. Proporsi jantan-betina abalon F-3 (3,3:1) meningkat dibandingkan dengan F-0 dari alam (2,5:1) menunjukkan ketidakseimbangan jumlah individu yang dapat disebabkan oleh tekanan seleksi. Abalon turunan ketiga pada umur 16 bulan mulai matang gonad dan dapat digunakan sebagai induk untuk pemijahan.Observation on the growth and reproduction development of Haliotis squamata had been undertaken in the hatchery of the Institute for Mariculture Research and Development (IMRAD) Gondol, Bali. The research was aimed to study of the growth and reproduction performance of filial-3 abalone in supporting seed production in hatchery. Larvae were obtained from natural spawning of filial-2 abalone broodstock with the length shell of 6.5-7.0 cm in the hatchery. Larvae were reared in 2.5 m x 1.2 m x 1.0 m concrete tank with aeration and water circulation system. Larval samples were taken every 10 days. Larvae were fed with diatom Nitzschia sp. and Melosira sp. Diatom were grown in the feeding plate before the stocking of abalone larvae. Gonadal development of F-3 abalone was observed from the beginning of the study until the mature gonad of stage-III. The result showed that the abalone growth was greatly influenced by the availability of feed in the plate especially at day 50. Abalone F-3 of sixteen months old reached maturity stage earlier compared to the control. The proportion of male-female of F-3 generation (3.3:1) was higher compared to F-0 (2.5:1), indicated the imbalance in the number of individuals that could be caused by selection pressures. These results suggest that sixteen months old abalones could be used as broodstocks for seed production in hatchery.
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Yudiastuti, Kadek, I. Gusti Bagus Sila Dharma, and Ni Luh Putu Ria Puspitha. "Laju Pertumbuhan Rumput Laut Gracilaria sp Melalui Budidaya IMTA (Integrated Multi Trophic Aquaculture) di Pantai Geger, Nusa Dua, Kabupaten Badung, Bali." Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences 4, no. 2 (October 31, 2017): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmas.2018.v4.i02.191-203.
Full textAbstract:
Gracilaria sp is red alga which belong to class rhodophyceae. It can grow in shallow salt water with a general characteristic is having a cylindrical and branched thallus form. Seaweed cultivation can be performed through IMTA (Integrated Multi Trophic Aquaculture) method. The basic principle of cultivation through the IMTA method is utilizing service of the low thropic level species in marine ecosystems, such as shells and seaweed. This method is believed to be able to overcome the environmental problems caused by cultivation activities, such as feces and uneaten feed. This research was perfomed 45 days, from February 25 to April 11, 2017. It was held at Geger Beach, Nusa Dua, Badung Regency, Bali, using a complete randomized design method that consist of three treatments and three repetition for each treatment. Treatment control (T1) consisted of 10 bunches of seaweed 100 grams without the abalone, treatement 2 (T2) consisted of 10 bunches of seaweed 100 grams and 20 abalones and treatement 3 (T3) consisted of 10 bunches of seaweed 100 grams and 40 abalones. The result showed that specific growth rate in Gracilaria sp. was highest in treatment T1, compared to treatment T2 and T3. This was caused by the cage construction of abalone amd the present of small mesh size net to cover the seaweed planting, which made the growth was not optimal. However, the use of a nets system in seaweed cultivation could minimize the loss of thallus. It was proved by the survival rate of seaweed in first, second and third, that is averagely high, ranging from 90% to 100%. Physical and chemical water quality parameters are also measured, and It showed that the water quality was suitable for the cultivation of both, seaweed and abalone.
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Gaghansa, Agustein I., Medy Ompi, Joice R. T. S. L. Rimper, Ping Astony Angmalisang, Erly Y. Kaligis, and Juliaan Ch Watung. "UKURAN CANGKANG, PERKEMBANGAN GONAD, DAN ‘SURVIVAL’ ABALON Haliotis varia, DI PESISIR TIMUR LIKUPANG." JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS 10, no. 2 (June 5, 2022): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jplt.10.2.2022.54992.
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Abalone is one of the invertebrates that live in coastal areas, where this area is a transitional area that has dynamic environmental conditions, which can affect the activities of biota that live on it. This study aims to determine the shell size, gonad maturity, and the survival of abalone, Haliotis varia, in the intertidal and subtidal zones. Five abalones were placed in a basket with a size of 25 X 20 X 10 cm with an opening cavity of 1 cm in diameter. This basket was placed on a concrete permanent in the intertidal and zubtidal zones. The results show that a pattern of increasing shell length of abalone in the intertidal zone from September- November with the average sizes of 0.14 cm/month occurred. The pattern of increasing shell length from September – November for abalone placed in the subtidal zone with the average shell length of 0.24 cm/month was obtained. Statistical test using 2-Way Analysis of Variance, by first testing the normality of the data, where time and location as the main factors were applied. The results show that shell size was not significantly affected by time (P>0.05) and location (P>0.05). The pattern of increasing gonad development for abalone placed in both intertidal and subtidal zones from September to October was obtained. A relative better survival abalone in the subtidal zone than in the intertidal zone occurred. Factors affecting shell size, gonad development, and survival abalone in the intertidal and subtidal are discussed.
Key Words: Abalon, ukuran cangkang, gonad, survival, subtidal, dan intertidal.
ABSTRAK
Abalon adalah salah satu biota invertebrata yang hidup di wilayah pesisir, di mana daerah ini adalah sebagai daerah peralihan yang memiliki kondisi lingkungan yang dinamis, yang dapat mempengaruhi aktivitas biota yang hidup di daerah ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ukuran cangkang, tingkat kematangan gonad, dan tingkat kehidupan abalone, Haliotis varia, di zona intertidal dan subtidal. Lima individu abalone diletakkan pada keranjang dengan ukuran 25 X 20 X 10 cm dengan ruang rongga bukaan berdiameter 1cm. Keranjang ini diletakkan pada permanen beton di zona intertidal dan zubtidal. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini yaitu adanya pola pertambahan panjang cangkang abalon di zona intertidal dari bulan September- November dengan rata-rata pertambahan dalam penelitian ini adalah 0.14 cm/bulan. Pola pertambahan panjang cangkang nampak pula terjadi bagi abalon yang ditempatkan di zona subtidal dengan rata-rata pertambahan dalam penelitian ini adalah 0.24 cm/bulan. Uji statistik menggunakan Analisa Varians 2 Arah, dengan terlebih dahulu menguji kernormalan data, di mana waktu dan lokasi adalah sebagai faktor utama, diperoleh hasil bahwa ukuran cangkang tidak dipengaruhi oleh waktu (P>0.05), dan lokasi (P>0.05). Pola pertambahan tingkat kematangan gonad nampak bagi abalon yang ditempatkan di kedua zona baik intertidal dan subtidal dari bulan September sampai bulan Oktober. Tingkat kematangan gonad mengalami penurunan dari bulan Oktober sampai November, di mana penurunan tingkat kematangan gonad diindikasikan dengan pemijahan abalon dalam periode Oktober – November. Pola penurunan tingkat kehidupan abalon di zona intertidal dari 100% di bulan September, 60%
di bulan Oktober, dan 40% di bulan November, dan di zona subtidal dari 100% di bulan September, 60% di bulan Oktober, dan 47% di bulan November. Abalon yang ditempatkan di zona subtidal nampak memilik tingkat kehidupan relativ lebih baik dibandingkan dengan abalon yang ditempatkan di zona intertidal dalam penelitian ini. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ukuran cangkang, tingkat kematangan gonad, dan tingkat kehidupan abalone di intertidal dan subtidal adalah menjadi fokus diskusi.
Kata Kunci: Abalon, ukuran cangkang, gonad, survival, subtidal, dan intertidal.
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Li, Xuejing, Yantao Liang, Zhenhua Wang, Yanyan Yao, Xiaoli Chen, Anran Shao, Longfei Lu, and Hongyue Dang. "Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Vibrio natriegens—Infecting Phage and Its Potential Therapeutic Application in Abalone Aquaculture." Biology 11, no. 11 (November 17, 2022): 1670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11111670.
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Phage-based pathogen control (i.e., phage therapy) has received increasing scientific attention to reduce and prevent the emergence, transmission, and detrimental effects of antibiotic resistance. In the current study, multidrug-resistant Vibrio natriegens strain AbY-1805 was isolated and tentatively identified as a pathogen causing the death of juvenile Pacific abalones (Haliotis discus hannai Ino). In order to apply phage therapy, instead of antibiotics, to treat and control V. natriegens infections in marine aquaculture environments, a lytic phage, vB_VnaS-L3, was isolated. It could effectively infect V. natriegens AbY-1805 with a short latent period (40 min) and high burst size (~890 PFU/cell). Treatment with vB_VnaS-L3 significantly reduced the mortality of juvenile abalones and maintained abalone feeding capacity over a 40-day V. natriegens challenge experiment. Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analyses suggested that vB_VnaS-L3 was a novel marine Siphoviridae-family phage. Furthermore, vB_VnaS-L3 had a narrow host range, possibly specific to the pathogenic V. natriegens strains. It also exhibited viability at a wide range of pH, temperature, and salinity. The short latent period, large burst size, high host specificity, and broad environmental adaptation suggest that phage vB_VnaS-L3 could potentially be developed as an alternative antimicrobial for the control and prevention of marine animal infections caused by pathogenic V. natriegens.
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Chen, Min-Hsiu, I.-Wen Chen, Shu-Ting Kuo, Wen-Long Hsu, and Pen-Heng Chang. "EVALUATION OF A BACTERIOPHAGE-RELATED CHIMERIC MARINE VIRUS ASSOCIATED WITH ABALONE MORTALITY IN TAIWAN." Taiwan Veterinary Journal 40, no. 02 (June 2014): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1682648514500103.
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In the past few years, a low-rate but persistent mortality was noted in the cultured abalone in the farms. This disease affected abalone reared in the summer, and resulted in an 80% cumulative mortality in the farms. The histopathology revealed various extensive fragmentation, hyaline degeneration and necrosis of the myofibers accompanying with moderate degree of hemocyte infiltration in the foot muscle. A negative-contrast electron microscopy was unable to detect viral particles from pooled tissues. No virions were observed via the electron microscopy using direct negative staining of pooled organs. Moribund abalones were performed DNA extraction, purified and DNA sequencing. These sequenced fragments had 3370/3378 (99%), 5666/5704 (99%) and 5945/5961 (99%) identities to abalone shriveling syndrome-associated virus of China isolate. Primer sets designed from the sequences of Taiwan isolate was able to amplify a 693 bp from moribund abalone. In this study, a retrospective study by using PCR revealed that 30% (12/48) of clinical chronic mortality cases had carried bacteriophage-related chimeric marine virus. Tissues from field cases of chronic mortality were applied in in situ hybridization, but without significant signal detected. Thus, etiology of mortality cases remained elusive.
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Nainggolan, Putri Febrine, I. Wayan Arthana, and Ayu Putu Wiweka Krisna Dewi. "A Comparison of Eucheuma cottonii Seaweed Cultivation in Monoculture and Polyculture Systems." Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 6, no. 1 (February 15, 2022): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/atbes.2022.v06.i01.p04.
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Seaweed is a commodity that has high economic value and benefits. The implementation of seaweed cultivation is quite short and the export market opportunities are wide open because the need for seaweed is quite large. This study aims to determine the growth rate of seaweed with monoculture and polyculture cultivation systems and the survival rate of abalone in polyculture cultivation. The research used an experimental method with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of two treatments and three replications. The cultivation system in this study was seaweed monoculture Eucheuma cottonii with an initial weight of 100 gr and 100gr seaweed polyculture with abalone Haliotis squamata, each polyculture culture net bag containing 50 abalones. The value of the specific growth rate of monoculture seaweed was 2.21%/day, lower than the specific growth rate of polyculture, which was 3.61%/day. T-test analysis showed the value of sig = 0.049 < = 0.05, which means that there is a significant difference between the treatment of monoculture cultivation and polyculture cultivation. The abalone growth rate value ranged from 0.78-0.91%/day and the abalone survival rate ranged from 68-76%. Changes in environmental conditions affect the condition of abalone and seaweed so that the survival value of abalone is quite low and seaweed is infected with an ice-ice disease which causes a decrease in seaweed weight gain in the final week of the study period.
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Kurnaningtyas, Frederika Niken Restu, Ishaaq Saputra, and Eko Hendri Gunawan. "Survival and Physiological Responses of Greenlip Abalone (Haliotis laevigata) under Simulated Live Transport." Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health 11, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jafh.v11i1.25695.
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Greenlip abalone (Haliotis laevigata) are high-value marine bivalves. In order to preserve the quality, most of edible aquatic animals were transported in live conditions. In addition, keep the condition at low temperature is considered as the best way to reduce the stress level of the animal. However, this method is still poorly understood in greenlip abalone. The present study examines the effects of pre-cooled (±14 °C) and non-precooled (±21 °C) temperature treatments on survival and physiological responses such as total haemocyte count, phagocytic assay, lysosomal assay, and lactate of live abalone during transport simulation at time intervals of 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours. Results indicated that pre-cooling treatment prior to transport increased the survival rate and minimised weight loss. The lactate levels were significantly higher in the abalones that were not cooled prior to transport. Both animals that were pre-cooled and those that were not cooled prior to aerial transport simulation showed increases in total haemocyte count and a decrease in phagocytic activity, which indicates that live transport has an impact on their immunity. The present study indicated that the importance of pre-cooling treatment before transportation to preserve the condition of live abalone.
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Huang, Jianfang, Mingcan Zhou, Jianming Chen, and Caihuan Ke. "Molecular Cloning, Characterization, and Function of Insulin-Related Peptide 1 (IRP1) in the Haliotis discus hanna." Genes 15, no. 7 (July 22, 2024): 960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes15070960.
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Abalone is a popular mollusk in the marine aquaculture industry of China. However, existing challenges, like slow growth, individual miniaturization, and the absence of abundant abalone, have emerged as significant obstacles impeding its long-term progress in aquaculture. Studies have demonstrated that insulin-related peptide (IRP) is a crucial factor in the growth of marine organisms. However, limited studies have been conducted on IRP in abalone. This study indicated that the hdh-MIRP1 open reading frame (ORF) was composed of 456 base pairs, which encoded 151 amino acids. Based on the gene expression and immunofluorescence analyses, the cerebral ganglion of Haliotis discus hannai (H. discus hannai) was the primary site of hdh-MIRP1 mRNA expression. Moreover, hdh-MIRP1 expression was observed to be higher in the larger group than in the smaller group abalones. Only single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was related to their growth characteristics. However, approximately 82 proteins that may interact with hdh-MIRP1 were identified. The functional enrichment analysis of the 82 genes indicated that hdh-MIRP1 may be involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism and the process of growth. This study established a benchwork for further investigating the role of IRP in the growth of abalone.
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Liu, Yue, Haixia Yu, Yanlin Guo, Dong Huang, Jiahuan Liu, Mingzhu Pan, Liu Wang, Wenbing Zhang, and Kangsen Mai. "Arginine Regulates TOR Signaling Pathway through SLC38A9 in Abalone Haliotis discus hannai." Cells 10, no. 10 (September 27, 2021): 2552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10102552.
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Arginine plays an important role in the regulation of the target of the rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway, and Solute Carrier Family 38 Member 9 (SLC38A9) was identified to participate in the amino acid-dependent activation of TOR in humans. However, the regulations of arginine on the TOR signaling pathway in abalone are still unclear. In this study, slc38a9 of abalone was cloned, and the slc38a9 was knocked down and overexpressed to explore its function in the regulation of the TOR signaling pathway. The results showed that knockdown of slc38a9 decreased the expression of tor, ribosomal s6 protein kinase (s6k) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4e (eif4e) and inhibited the activation of the TOR signaling pathway by arginine. Overexpression of slc38a9 up-regulated the expression of TOR-related genes. In addition, hemocytes of abalone were treated with 0, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mmol/L of arginine, and abalones were fed diets with 1.17%, 1.68% and 3.43% of arginine, respectively, for 120 days. Supplementation of arginine (0.5–4 mmol/L) increased the expressions of slc38a9, tor, s6k and eif4e in hemocytes, and abalone fed with 1.68% of dietary arginine showed higher mRNA levels of slc38a9, tor, s6k and eif4e and phosphorylation levels of TOR, S6 and 4E-BP. In conclusion, the TOR signaling pathway of abalone can be regulated by arginine, and SLC38A9 plays an essential role in this regulation.
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Cardinaud, Marion, Annaïck Barbou, Carole Capitaine, Adeline Bidault, Antoine Marie Dujon, Dario Moraga, and Christine Paillard. "Vibrio harveyi Adheres to and Penetrates Tissues of the European Abalone Haliotis tuberculata within the First Hours of Contact." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 20 (August 8, 2014): 6328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01036-14.
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ABSTRACTVibrio harveyiis a marine bacterial pathogen responsible for episodic epidemics generally associated with massive mortalities in many marine organisms, including the European abaloneHaliotis tuberculata. The aim of this study was to identify the portal of entry and the dynamics of infection ofV. harveyiin the European abalone. The results indicate that the duration of contact betweenV. harveyiand the European abalone influences the mortality rate and precocity. Immediately after contact, the epithelial and mucosal area situated between the gills and the hypobranchial gland was colonized byV. harveyi. Real-time PCR analyses and culture quantification of a green fluorescent protein-tagged strain ofV. harveyiin abalone tissues revealed a high density of bacteria adhering to and then penetrating the whole gill-hypobranchial gland tissue after 1 h of contact.V. harveyiwas also detected in the hemolymph of a significant number of European abalones after 3 h of contact. In conclusion, this article shows that a TaqMan real-time PCR assay is a powerful and useful technique for the detection of a marine pathogen such asV. harveyiin mollusk tissue and for the study of its infection dynamics. Thus, we have revealed that the adhesion and then the penetration ofV. harveyiin European abalone organs begin in the first hours of contact. We also hypothesize that the portal of entry ofV. harveyiin the European abalone is the area situated between the gills and the hypobranchial gland.
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Al-Ghassani, Salim, Mikhail Chesalin, Mohammed Balkhair, and Salem Kahoom. "Three-Year Closure of Fishing Seasons as a Management Tool for the Omani Abalone, Haliotis mariae, Fishery in the Sultanate of Oman." Journal of Marine Sciences 2022 (December 21, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2140471.
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Data from underwater surveys conducted between 2009 and 2021 were analyzed to determine the effect of closed fishing seasons on the density and size composition of Omani abalone, in the main fishing areas (Mirbat, Sadah, Hadbin, and Hasik). The average density of abalones, the abundance of mature and legal size abalone, and the average abalone size increased significantly after a 3-year closure (2008-2010). From 2012 to 2021, abalone density and size decreased despite four 1-2 years of closed fishing seasons. The density of mature abalone after 2011 was below the minimum spawning density of Haliotidae. Abalone densities were found to be relatively high in Sadah and Hadbin but very low in Mirbat and critical conditions in Hasik. Lack in regulations’ enforcement, overlap between fishing and reproduction season, and the uncontrolled number of divers are probably the main reasons for the decline in abalone abundance and size. Future fishing closure must be extended for at least three years, and abalone harvest in Mirbat and Hasik should be banned for at least five years. The number of divers must be regulated, and changing the fishing season must be evaluated. It is necessary to identify if the population is sustainable, threatened, or recovering, by studying more biological aspects of the Omani abalone, including minimum spawning density, abalone aggregation, and recruitment levels at each fishing ground. These studies will help the authorities to decide when fishing must stop to avoid any further reduction in the abalone densities. It is important to understand the socioeconomic status of abalone diver’s communities in Oman for better management and development.
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Yoshimatsu, Sadaaki. "Food Organisms for Abalones-Microalgae." NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI 61, no. 4 (1995): 640–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2331/suisan.61.640.
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Ma, Yao-Bin, Wei-Guang Zou, Chun-Xiang Ai, Wei-Wei You, Sheng-Tai Liu, Xuan Luo, and Cai-Huan Ke. "Evaluation of Optimal Dietary Protein Levels for Juvenile Hybrid Abalone under Three Temperatures: Growth Performance, Body Composition, Biochemical Responses, and Antioxidant Capacity." Aquaculture Nutrition 2022 (August 2, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7008746.
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We studied the effects of dietary protein levels and water temperatures on growth performance, body composition, serum biochemistry, and digestive gland antioxidant enzyme activities of juvenile hybrid abalones Haliotis discus hannai♀ × H. fulgens♂ ( 1.47 ± 0.03 g ; 20.73 ± 0.16 mm ). A 3 × 6 factorial design feeding trial was conducted with three water temperatures (19°C, 23°C, and 27°C) and six protein levels (152.5, 202.5, 252.6, 302.6, 352.7, and 402.7 g/kg) for 90 days. Dietary protein levels and temperature significantly affected the growth performance of the hybrid abalones, but there was no interaction effect except for daily increment in shell length. Body moisture decreased with increasing water temperature, and crude protein showed a contrary tendency. Crude lipid and ash were not affected by dietary protein level or water temperature. The alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities and the triglyceride content in serum increased with increasing water temperature, whereas the opposite was true for albumin activity and total protein and glucose contents. Total cholesterol contents decreased with increasing dietary protein levels. Dietary protein levels and water temperature did not affect contents of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( P > 0.05 ). A significant interaction was observed between dietary protein levels and water temperature in all antioxidation parameters (reactive oxygen species, total antioxidant capacity, protein carbonyl, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione s-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase except for malondialdehyde content). Based on specific growth rate, the optimal dietary protein levels for juvenile hybrid abalones were 333.1, 318.6, and 306.3 g protein/kg diet at 19°C, 23°C, and 27°C, respectively. These findings will help to develop multidiet feeding strategies at different water temperatures throughout the culture period of juvenile hybrid abalones.
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Loum, Abdoulaye, Jean Fall, Alioune Faye, Mariama Sagne, and Malick Diouf. "Influence of Population Density on the Evolution of Morphometric Parameters of Haliotis tuberculata Linnaeus 1758 Under Controlled Culture in Senegal." Journal of Biology and Life Science 10, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jbls.v10i1.14194.
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This experiment was carried out in order to know the variation of the morphometric relation between the length and the width of the shell of abalone Haliotis tuberculata as well as the evolution of the factor of condition.Haliotis tuberculata used in the study is a gastropod that belongs to the order Vetigastropoda, and the family Haliotidae. 135 abalones with an average weight of 5.55±1.24 g, an average length and shell width of 3.14±0.23 cm and 2.12±0.18 cm were selected for the experiment.These individuals were divided into three different densities (10, 15, 20 individuals) in nine (9) plastic tanks with a base area of 0.15 m2 of 3 tanks per density. The abalones from each tank were fed 70% of their body weight with available macroalgae such as Ulva lactuca and Dictiopeterus sp. Morphometric relationships that include the relationships between length-width and condition factor were determinedAt the end of 12 months of experimentation, changes in length, width, and annual average weight as a function of density indicate that low stocking densities favor a faster increase in these variables (length, width, and weight). The analysis of these relationships indicates a strong correlation between the length and width of the Haliotis tuberculata shell. However, it is noted the correlation between these two variables decreases inversely with density. The average values of the condition factor are 18.89 ± 0.96, 18.72 ± 1.18 and 18.59 ± 1.14 for densities D10, D15 and D20 respectively. Analysis of the results of this study shows that when population density becomes too high, the growth of H. tuberculata is slowed down both in weight and in size. The condition factor analysis also indicates that the best biological performance is obtained at the lowest density (D10) thus inducing better growth.
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Mizutani, Yukino, Tetsushi Mori, Taeko Miyazaki, Satoshi Fukuzaki, and Reiji Tanaka. "Microbial community analysis in the gills of abalones suggested possible dominance of epsilonproteobacterium in Haliotis gigantea." PeerJ 8 (June 30, 2020): e9326. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9326.
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Gills are important organs for aquatic invertebrates because they harbor chemosynthetic bacteria, which fix inorganic carbon and/or nitrogen and provide their hosts with organic compounds. Nevertheless, in contrast to the intensive researches related to the gut microbiota, much is still needed to further understand the microbiota within the gills of invertebrates. Using abalones as a model, we investigated the community structure of microbes associated with the gills of these invertebrates using next-generation sequencing. Molecular identification of representative bacterial sequences was performed using cloning, nested PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis with specific primers or probes. We examined three abalone species, namely Haliotis gigantea, H. discus and H. diversicolor using seawater and stones as controls. Microbiome analysis suggested that the gills of all three abalones had the unclassified Spirochaetaceae (one OTU, 15.7 ± 0.04%) and Mycoplasma sp. (one OTU, 9.1 ± 0.03%) as the core microbes. In most libraries from the gills of H. gigantea, however, a previously unknown epsilonproteobacterium species (one OTU) was considered as the dominant bacterium, which accounted for 62.2% of the relative abundance. The epsilonproteobacterium was only detected in the gills of H. diversicolor at 0.2% and not in H. discus suggesting that it may be unique to H. gigantea. Phylogenetic analysis performed using a near full-length 16S rRNA gene placed the uncultured epsilonproteobacterium species at the root of the family Helicobacteraceae. Interestingly, the uncultured epsilonproteobacterium was commonly detected from gill tissue rather than from the gut and foot tissues using a nested PCR assay with uncultured epsilonproteobacterium-specific primers. FISH analysis with the uncultured epsilonproteobacterium-specific probe revealed that probe-reactive cells in H. gigantea had a coccus-like morphology and formed microcolonies on gill tissue. This is the first report to show that epsilonproteobacterium has the potential to be a dominant species in the gills of the coastal gastropod, H. gigantea.
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Riera, Rodrigo, Rogelio Herrera, Óscar Pérez, Mateo J. Garrido, Omar Álvarez, Óscar Monterroso, and Jorge Núñez. "Lack of recovery symptoms of an endangered and harvested mollusc in the last 20 years." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 98, no. 2 (October 17, 2016): 351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315416001430.
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Molluscs are subjected to intense harvesting in many areas around the world. Conservation measures have been developed to preserve populations of an overexploited gastropod species, the abalone Haliotis tuberculata coccinea. This species was surveyed in subtidal localities throughout coastal Tenerife, Canary Islands over the last two decades (1994–2014). A clear indicator of non-recovery was observed in the decrease of mean size throughout the last two decades, even after the inclusion of this species in the Regional Catalogue of Endangered Species. The mean size of abalones decreased from 33.5 mm (1994) to 28–29 mm (2002 and 2014), corresponding to sub-adult individuals. The structure of size classes was typical of an overexploited species, with reduced occurrence of large individuals (>50 mm). Several factors might explain this pattern such as illegal harvesting, proliferation of featureless benthos and a decrease of suitable habitats for colonization and settlement. Complementary conservation actions are urgently needed to preserve this species in the area studied.
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Yasa, Ngurah S., Murwantoko Murwantoko, Niken S. N. Handayani, Gemi Triastutik, and Lutfi Anshory. "Physiological, biochemical and HSP70 and HSP90 gene expression profiles of tropical abalone Haliotis squamata in response to Vibrio alginolyticus infection." Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology 25, no. 1 (June 7, 2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijbiotech.51322.
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Vibrio spp. have been known responsible for fish diseases in marine and brackish‐water systems in the tropics regions. Heat shock proteins are a highly conserved protein group that is known for its rapid response to environmental stresses, including infection. This study aimed to investigate physiological and biochemical responses of tropical abalone Haliotis squamata to Vibrio alginolyticus infection. Abalones were infected with V. alginolyticus by intramuscular injection at a dose of 105,106,107 cfu/abalone. The expression of HSP70 and HSP90 genes, the activity of superoxide dismutase, phenol oxidase and catalase enzymes, histology, falling and mortality were observed at 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours post‐infection (hpi). The different expression of HSPs was found in this study. While the expression of HSP70 was downregulated after infection, the expression of HSP90 was upregulated at 12 hpi and followed by downregulated after 24 hpi for 106 cfu infection, but expressed at a normal level for 105 infection treatment. The expression ofsuperoxide dismutase and catalase increased within 12 hpi, and the expression of phenol oxidase increased after 24 hpi. V. alginolyticus is virulent with LD50 of less than 105 cfu on H. squamata with an average weight of 5.13 g, and caused enlargement of hemolymph sinus and development intraepithelial and intramuscular abscesses.
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Zhang, Ting, Hui Zhu, Juan Wang, Xiaozhi Lin, Jiangyong Wang, Yisheng Huang, Bing Li, Hongli Mou, Xilan Ma, and Ruixuan Wang. "Monitoring Bacterial Community Dynamics in Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) and the Correlations Associated with Aquatic Diseases." Water 14, no. 11 (May 31, 2022): 1769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14111769.
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Bacteria are an integral component of their host. However, information about the microbiota living in and around many aquatic animals is lacking. In this study, multiplex bar-coded pyrosequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was used to monitor the dynamics of abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, bacterial communities in the intestine, water from cement culture ponds, and surrounding sea areas. Correlations between the bacterial communities and common aquaculture diseases were also evaluated. A total of 329,798 valid sequences and 15,277 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from 32 samples were obtained by 454 tag amplicon pyrosequencing. The Shannon indices of the seawater samples ranged from 2.84 to 5.6 and the Shannon indices of the abalone intestine samples ranged from 1.2 to 5.12, which were much lower than those of seawater. The dominant phyla in seawater samples were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, Cyanobacteria, etc. The dominant phyla in the abalone intestine varied greatly in different months. The dominant genera in the seawater of the cement culture ponds changed in different months, mainly Psychrilyobacter and Pseudoalteromonas. The dominant genera in seawater from the open sea vary considerably between months. The dominant genus of bacteria in the abalone intestine during the months when abalones are susceptible to disease is mainly Mycoplasma spp. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that bacterial communities in seawater and the intestine responded differently to environmental variables, with similar microbiota in the same area. pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, and temperature were closely related to the samples from the sea area. Oxidation-reduction potential, salinity, phosphate, nitrate, and ammonia nitrogen concentrations were closely related to the water samples from the artificial pools. These findings may add significantly to our understanding of the complex interactions between microbiota and environmental variables in the abalone intestine as well as in the surrounding seawater.
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Matsuyama, Tomomasa, Ikunari Kiryu, Mari Inada, Tomokazu Takano, Yuta Matsuura, and Takashi Kamaishi. "Susceptibility of Four Abalone Species, Haliotis gigantea, Haliotis discus discus, Haliotis discus hannai and Haliotis diversicolor, to Abalone asfa-like Virus." Viruses 13, no. 11 (November 20, 2021): 2315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13112315.
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Abalone amyotrophia is a viral disease that causes mass mortality of juvenile Haliotis discus and H. madaka. Although the cause of this disease has yet to be identified, we had previously postulated a novel virus with partial genome sequence similarity to that of African swine fever virus is the causative agent and proposed abalone asfa-like virus (AbALV) as a provisional name. In this study, three species of juvenile abalone (H. gigantea, H. discus discus, and H. diversicolor) and four species of adult abalone (the above three species plus H. discus hannai) were experimentally infected, and their susceptibility to AbALV was investigated by recording mortality, quantitatively determining viral load by PCR, and conducting immunohistological studies. In the infection test using 7-month-old animals, H. gigantea, which was previously reported to be insusceptible to the disease, showed multiplication of the virus to the same extent as in H. discus discus, resulting in mass mortality. H. discus discus at 7 months old showed abnormal cell masses, notches in the edge of the shell and brown pigmentation inside of the shell, which are histopathological and external features of this disease, while H. gigantea did not show any of these characteristics despite suffering high mortality. Adult abalones had low mortality and viral replication in all species; however, all three species, except H. diversicolor, became carriers of the virus. In immunohistological observations, cells positive for viral antigens were detected predominantly in the gills of juvenile H. discus discus and H. gigantea, and mass mortality was observed in these species. In H. diversicolor, neither juvenile nor adult mortality from infection occurred, and the AbALV genome was not increased by experimental infection through cohabitation or injection. Our results suggest that H. gigantea, H. discus discus and H. discus hannai are susceptible to AbALV, while H. diversicolor is not. These results confirmed that AbALV is the etiological agent of abalone amyotrophia.
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Li, Muzi. "Prediction of the age of abalones based on machine learning algorithms." Applied and Computational Engineering 20, no. 1 (October 23, 2023): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/20/20231100.
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Abalone is an important seafood, widely used in food, medicine, and other fields. The age of abalone is one of the important factors that determine its quality and market value. However, the traditional age determination method requires the dissection of abalone, which is time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, it is important to find a fast and work out age prediction method. This article uses a machine learning algorithm to predict the age of abalone. The authors collected data on characteristics such as sex, length, diameter, height, and weight for 4177 abalone observations. This data set is admirably large. In the following study, the authors compare the effects of prediction using different machine learning algorithms, including linear regression, decision trees, random forests, and support vector machines. It is worth mentioning that the authors have done sufficient research and evaluation of these algorithms to find out the best prediction scheme. The results show that the random forest algorithm is the best, and its average absolute error is only 1.44 years. The performance of random forest algorithm is the best.
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Fujino, Kazuo, Sei-ichi Okumura, and Hiroyuki Inayoshi. "Genetic studies on the Pacific abalone. XIII Temperature tolerance differences among normal diploid and triploid Pacific abalones." NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI 53, no. 1 (1987): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2331/suisan.53.15.
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MAYAMA, Masakazu. "VARIOUS FACTORS INFLUENCING ABALONES GATHERING TO THE SHELTERS." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 427 (1991): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1991.427_105.
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Harada, T., N. Okazaki, S. Kamiya, Y. Otoishi, Y. Hayakawa, and S. S. Kubota. "Tumors in Nervous Tissues of Abalones, Nordotis discus." Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 62, no. 3 (November 1993): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jipa.1993.1109.
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Park, Sunil. "A Stochastic Model to Quantify the Risk of Introduction of Abalone Herpes-like Virus Through Import of Abalones." Journal of Veterinary Clinics 31, no. 1 (February 28, 2014): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17555/ksvc.2014.02.31.1.40.
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REN, Hong-Lin, Zeng-Shan LIU, and Ke-Jian WANG. "Progresses on immune-related genes and proteins of abalones." Hereditas (Beijing) 31, no. 4 (July 14, 2009): 348–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1005.2009.00348.
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MAYAMA, Masakazu. "EFFECTS OF COLOR ON ABALONES GATHERING TO THE SHELTERS." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 427 (1991): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1991.427_163.
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Hernández-Ibarra, Norma K., Rosa M. Morelos, José L. Ramírez, Pedro Cruz, Andrew R. Leitch, and Ana M. Ibarra. "Chromosomal and molecular characterization of 5S rRNA genes in the North American abalones Haliotis rufescens Swainson (red abalone) and H. fulgens Philippi (blue abalone)." Gene 695 (May 2019): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2019.02.003.
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Breanita, Yesi, Ni Luh Watiniasih, and Ayu Putu Wiweka Krisna Dewi. "Seaweed Growth Rate (Eucheuma cottonii) in Monoculture and Co-Culture Cultivation Systems in Coastal area of Pandawa Beach, Bali." Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 4, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/atbes.2020.v04.i02.p06.
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Seaweed is one of Indonesia's fishery commodities with great potential to be cultivated, the condition of seaweed produced in Indonesia is not optimal yet. This can be seen from the low productivity of seaweed in Indonesia which is caused by the low growth rate. The growth rate of seaweed can be supported by proper planting techniques and cultivation methods. Seaweed farmers generally use planting techniques and traditional cultivation methods called the monoculture system, which is planting one type of plant in an area. As the cultivation systems developed, a new cultivation system was found that supports increased growth of seaweed, namely the co-cultivation. This system is sustainable and environmentally friendly which combines species from various trophic in one system. This research was conducted for 6 weeks from December 2019 to January 2020 in the coastal area of Pandawa Beach, Bali. The data was analysed in Completely Randomized design with three treatments and three replications. The monoculture cultivation system which contain 100 gr of seaweed in a bag was treated as control and co-culture systems were added with 10 and 30 individuals of abalones. The results showed that the growth rate pattern as a measure of weight increased during the time of study. The weight of seaweed was highest in co-cultured treatment with 10 individual abalones. The highest specific growth rate of seaweed occurred in the co-culture system up to 4%/day compared to the monoculture cultivation system only 3.4%/day.
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Asakawa, Manabu. "Safety of Cultured or Natural Abalones as Food in Japan." NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI 61, no. 4 (1995): 636–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2331/suisan.61.636.
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Momoyama, Kazuo, Toshio Nakatsugawa, and Noriyoshi Yurano. "Mass Mortalities of Juvenile Abalones, Haliotis spp., Caused by Amyotrophia." Fish Pathology 34, no. 1 (1999): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3147/jsfp.34.7.
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Micheli, Fiorenza, Andrew O. Shelton, Seth M. Bushinsky, Alice L. Chiu, Alison J. Haupt, Kimberly W. Heiman, Carrie V. Kappel, et al. "Persistence of depleted abalones in marine reserves of central California." Biological Conservation 141, no. 4 (April 2008): 1078–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.01.014.
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Rossetto, Marisa, Giulio A. De Leo, Daniele Bevacqua, and Fiorenza Micheli. "Allometric scaling of mortality rates with body mass in abalones." Oecologia 168, no. 4 (October 22, 2011): 989–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-2163-1.
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Li, Xiaobo, Jiawen Wang, Jiexing Du, Moyuan Cao, Kesong Liu, Qunyang Li, Xi-Qiao Feng, and Lei Jiang. "Spear and Shield: Survival War between Mantis Shrimps and Abalones." Advanced Materials Interfaces 2, no. 14 (July 27, 2015): 1500250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admi.201500250.
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Pianpijit, Perasut, Suksan Juhong, Nattakan Tun, Channarong Rodkum, and Janenuj Wongtavatchai. "SALMONELLA SPP., COLIFORMS AND TOTAL BACTERIAL COUNTS FROM CULTURED ABALONES." Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine 32, no. 4 (December 6, 2002): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.56808/2985-1130.1893.
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Maharani, Maharani, Andi Besse Patadjai, La Ode Abdul Fajar Hasidu, Riska Riska, Muis Muis, Faradisa Anindita, and Disnawati Disnawati. "Kandungan Nutrisi Selama Pengolahan Haliotis asinina Linnaeus, 1758 (Gastropoda:Haliotidae)." Journal of Marine Research 10, no. 4 (November 14, 2021): 565–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v10i4.32275.
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Kerang Abalone termasuk dalam Famili Haliotidae juga dikenal dengan sebutan kerang mata tujuh, mempunyai kandungan nutrisi yang cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan nutrisi selama pengolahan abalon (H.asinina) kering. Kerang Abalon yang digunakan yaitu abalon berukuran 7 cm yang diperoleh dari Pulau Saponda Kabupaten Konawe, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Rangkaian pengolahan abalon kering dimulai dari pembersihan abalon segar dengan memisahkan cangkang dari dagingnya, penggaraman selama ±12 jam, pengukusan selama ± 30 menit hingga pengeringan oven selama ±2-3 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berat daging abalon segar yang dapat dikonsumsi seberat 4.586,00 g atau sebesar 45,86% dan yang tidak dapat dikonsumsi seberat 5414,12 g atau sekitar 54,14% berupa cangkang 7,88% dan organ visera 46,25%. Kandungan air yang terus mengalami penurunan mulai dari abalon segar, setelah penggaraman, setelah pengukusan hingga kering masing-masing 83,9%; 76,14%; 71,90% dan 28,47%, diikuti oleh kadar lemak masing-masing 7,86%; 2,87%; 2,12% dan 1,71%. Sementara, proporsi kandungan protein terus mengalami peningkatan masing-masing 11,22%; 16,90%; 20,65% dan 42,38%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh kandungan nutrisi Abalon semakin meningkat setelah melalui proses pengolahan. Abalone shells are included in Haliotidae family, also known as seven eye shells, have a fairly high nutritional content. This study aims to determine the nutritional content during the processing of dried abalone (H. asinina). The abalone shells used were abalone measuring 7 cm which was obtained from Saponda Island, Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The series of dried abalone processing starts from cleaning fresh abalone by separating the shell from the meat, salting for ± 12 hours, steaming for ± 30 minutes to oven drying for ± 2-3 days. The results showed that the weight of fresh abalone meat that could be consumed was 4.586,00 g or 45.86% and the uneaten weight was 5414.12 g or about 54.14% in the form of shell 7.88% and visceral organs 46.25. %. The water content which continued to decrease starting from fresh abalone, after salting, after steaming to drying was 83.9% respectively; 76.14%; 71.90% and 28.47%, followed by fat content of 7.86%, respectively; 2.87%; 2.12% and 1.71%. Meanwhile, the proportion of protein content continued to increase by 11.22% respectively; 16.90%; 20.65% and 42.38%. Based on the results of the study, the nutritional content of abalone increased after going through the processing process.
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Estes, J. A. "Evolution of large body size in abalones (Haliotis): patterns and implications." Paleobiology 31, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 591–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2005)031[0591:eolbsi]2.0.co;2.
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