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1
Gaghansa, Agustein I., Medy Ompi, Joice R. T. S. L. Rimper, Ping Astony Angmalisang, Erly Y. Kaligis, and Juliaan Ch Watung. "UKURAN CANGKANG, PERKEMBANGAN GONAD, DAN ‘SURVIVAL’ ABALON Haliotis varia, DI PESISIR TIMUR LIKUPANG." JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS 10, no. 2 (June 5, 2022): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jplt.10.2.2022.54992.
Full textAbstract:
Abalone is one of the invertebrates that live in coastal areas, where this area is a transitional area that has dynamic environmental conditions, which can affect the activities of biota that live on it. This study aims to determine the shell size, gonad maturity, and the survival of abalone, Haliotis varia, in the intertidal and subtidal zones. Five abalones were placed in a basket with a size of 25 X 20 X 10 cm with an opening cavity of 1 cm in diameter. This basket was placed on a concrete permanent in the intertidal and zubtidal zones. The results show that a pattern of increasing shell length of abalone in the intertidal zone from September- November with the average sizes of 0.14 cm/month occurred. The pattern of increasing shell length from September – November for abalone placed in the subtidal zone with the average shell length of 0.24 cm/month was obtained. Statistical test using 2-Way Analysis of Variance, by first testing the normality of the data, where time and location as the main factors were applied. The results show that shell size was not significantly affected by time (P>0.05) and location (P>0.05). The pattern of increasing gonad development for abalone placed in both intertidal and subtidal zones from September to October was obtained. A relative better survival abalone in the subtidal zone than in the intertidal zone occurred. Factors affecting shell size, gonad development, and survival abalone in the intertidal and subtidal are discussed.
Key Words: Abalon, ukuran cangkang, gonad, survival, subtidal, dan intertidal.
ABSTRAK
Abalon adalah salah satu biota invertebrata yang hidup di wilayah pesisir, di mana daerah ini adalah sebagai daerah peralihan yang memiliki kondisi lingkungan yang dinamis, yang dapat mempengaruhi aktivitas biota yang hidup di daerah ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ukuran cangkang, tingkat kematangan gonad, dan tingkat kehidupan abalone, Haliotis varia, di zona intertidal dan subtidal. Lima individu abalone diletakkan pada keranjang dengan ukuran 25 X 20 X 10 cm dengan ruang rongga bukaan berdiameter 1cm. Keranjang ini diletakkan pada permanen beton di zona intertidal dan zubtidal. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini yaitu adanya pola pertambahan panjang cangkang abalon di zona intertidal dari bulan September- November dengan rata-rata pertambahan dalam penelitian ini adalah 0.14 cm/bulan. Pola pertambahan panjang cangkang nampak pula terjadi bagi abalon yang ditempatkan di zona subtidal dengan rata-rata pertambahan dalam penelitian ini adalah 0.24 cm/bulan. Uji statistik menggunakan Analisa Varians 2 Arah, dengan terlebih dahulu menguji kernormalan data, di mana waktu dan lokasi adalah sebagai faktor utama, diperoleh hasil bahwa ukuran cangkang tidak dipengaruhi oleh waktu (P>0.05), dan lokasi (P>0.05). Pola pertambahan tingkat kematangan gonad nampak bagi abalon yang ditempatkan di kedua zona baik intertidal dan subtidal dari bulan September sampai bulan Oktober. Tingkat kematangan gonad mengalami penurunan dari bulan Oktober sampai November, di mana penurunan tingkat kematangan gonad diindikasikan dengan pemijahan abalon dalam periode Oktober – November. Pola penurunan tingkat kehidupan abalon di zona intertidal dari 100% di bulan September, 60%
di bulan Oktober, dan 40% di bulan November, dan di zona subtidal dari 100% di bulan September, 60% di bulan Oktober, dan 47% di bulan November. Abalon yang ditempatkan di zona subtidal nampak memilik tingkat kehidupan relativ lebih baik dibandingkan dengan abalon yang ditempatkan di zona intertidal dalam penelitian ini. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ukuran cangkang, tingkat kematangan gonad, dan tingkat kehidupan abalone di intertidal dan subtidal adalah menjadi fokus diskusi.
Kata Kunci: Abalon, ukuran cangkang, gonad, survival, subtidal, dan intertidal.
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Permana, Gusti Ngurah, Fitriyah Khusnul Khotimah, Bambang Susanto, Ibnu Rusdi, and Haryanti Haryanti. "KERAGAAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN REPRODUKSI ABALON Haliotis squamata Reeve (1846) TURUNAN KETIGA." Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 12, no. 3 (January 5, 2018): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.12.3.2017.197-202.
Full textAbstract:
Pengamatan pertumbuhan dan reproduksi abalon Haliotis squamata dilakukan di hatcheri Balai Besar Riset Budidaya Laut dan Penyuluhan Perikanan (BBRBLPP) Gondol, Bali. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk memperoleh informasi tentang keragaan pertumbuhan dan performansi reproduksi abalon turunan ketiga. Induk H. squamata turunan kedua hasil seleksi yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan benih turunan ketiga mempunyai ukuran panjang cangkang 6,5-7,0 cm. Benih dipelihara dalam bak beton berukuran 2,5 m x 1,2 m x 1,0 m yang diberikan feeding plate sebagai substrat penempelan dan dilengkapi dengan sistem aerasi dan sistem air mengalir. Pakan yang diberikan pada awal pemeliharaan adalah diatom jenis Nitzschia sp. dan Melosira sp. yang telah ditumbuhkan terlebih dahulu pada feeding plate sebelum penebaran benih. Benih F-3 dipelihara sampai menjadi calon induk untuk diamati perkembangan reproduksinya. Pengambilan sampel pertumbuhan dilakukan setiap 10 hari. Pengamatan reproduksi dilakukan pada saat abalon mulai tumbuh gonad sampai matang gonad stadia-III. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan abalon sangat dipengaruhi ketersediaan pakan pada plate terutama pada hari ke-50. Proporsi jantan-betina abalon F-3 (3,3:1) meningkat dibandingkan dengan F-0 dari alam (2,5:1) menunjukkan ketidakseimbangan jumlah individu yang dapat disebabkan oleh tekanan seleksi. Abalon turunan ketiga pada umur 16 bulan mulai matang gonad dan dapat digunakan sebagai induk untuk pemijahan.Observation on the growth and reproduction development of Haliotis squamata had been undertaken in the hatchery of the Institute for Mariculture Research and Development (IMRAD) Gondol, Bali. The research was aimed to study of the growth and reproduction performance of filial-3 abalone in supporting seed production in hatchery. Larvae were obtained from natural spawning of filial-2 abalone broodstock with the length shell of 6.5-7.0 cm in the hatchery. Larvae were reared in 2.5 m x 1.2 m x 1.0 m concrete tank with aeration and water circulation system. Larval samples were taken every 10 days. Larvae were fed with diatom Nitzschia sp. and Melosira sp. Diatom were grown in the feeding plate before the stocking of abalone larvae. Gonadal development of F-3 abalone was observed from the beginning of the study until the mature gonad of stage-III. The result showed that the abalone growth was greatly influenced by the availability of feed in the plate especially at day 50. Abalone F-3 of sixteen months old reached maturity stage earlier compared to the control. The proportion of male-female of F-3 generation (3.3:1) was higher compared to F-0 (2.5:1), indicated the imbalance in the number of individuals that could be caused by selection pressures. These results suggest that sixteen months old abalones could be used as broodstocks for seed production in hatchery.
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Maharani, Maharani, Andi Besse Patadjai, La Ode Abdul Fajar Hasidu, Riska Riska, Muis Muis, Faradisa Anindita, and Disnawati Disnawati. "Kandungan Nutrisi Selama Pengolahan Haliotis asinina Linnaeus, 1758 (Gastropoda:Haliotidae)." Journal of Marine Research 10, no. 4 (November 14, 2021): 565–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v10i4.32275.
Full textAbstract:
Kerang Abalone termasuk dalam Famili Haliotidae juga dikenal dengan sebutan kerang mata tujuh, mempunyai kandungan nutrisi yang cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan nutrisi selama pengolahan abalon (H.asinina) kering. Kerang Abalon yang digunakan yaitu abalon berukuran 7 cm yang diperoleh dari Pulau Saponda Kabupaten Konawe, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Rangkaian pengolahan abalon kering dimulai dari pembersihan abalon segar dengan memisahkan cangkang dari dagingnya, penggaraman selama ±12 jam, pengukusan selama ± 30 menit hingga pengeringan oven selama ±2-3 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berat daging abalon segar yang dapat dikonsumsi seberat 4.586,00 g atau sebesar 45,86% dan yang tidak dapat dikonsumsi seberat 5414,12 g atau sekitar 54,14% berupa cangkang 7,88% dan organ visera 46,25%. Kandungan air yang terus mengalami penurunan mulai dari abalon segar, setelah penggaraman, setelah pengukusan hingga kering masing-masing 83,9%; 76,14%; 71,90% dan 28,47%, diikuti oleh kadar lemak masing-masing 7,86%; 2,87%; 2,12% dan 1,71%. Sementara, proporsi kandungan protein terus mengalami peningkatan masing-masing 11,22%; 16,90%; 20,65% dan 42,38%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh kandungan nutrisi Abalon semakin meningkat setelah melalui proses pengolahan. Abalone shells are included in Haliotidae family, also known as seven eye shells, have a fairly high nutritional content. This study aims to determine the nutritional content during the processing of dried abalone (H. asinina). The abalone shells used were abalone measuring 7 cm which was obtained from Saponda Island, Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The series of dried abalone processing starts from cleaning fresh abalone by separating the shell from the meat, salting for ± 12 hours, steaming for ± 30 minutes to oven drying for ± 2-3 days. The results showed that the weight of fresh abalone meat that could be consumed was 4.586,00 g or 45.86% and the uneaten weight was 5414.12 g or about 54.14% in the form of shell 7.88% and visceral organs 46.25. %. The water content which continued to decrease starting from fresh abalone, after salting, after steaming to drying was 83.9% respectively; 76.14%; 71.90% and 28.47%, followed by fat content of 7.86%, respectively; 2.87%; 2.12% and 1.71%. Meanwhile, the proportion of protein content continued to increase by 11.22% respectively; 16.90%; 20.65% and 42.38%. Based on the results of the study, the nutritional content of abalone increased after going through the processing process.
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Khotimah, Fitriyah Husnul, Gusti Ngurah Permana, Ibnu Rusdi, Bambang Susanto, and Alimuddin Alimuddin. "STIMULASI PERTUMBUHAN JUVENIL ABALON, Haliotis squamata DENGAN PEMBERIAN HORMON REKOMBINAN IKAN rElGH." Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 11, no. 4 (January 17, 2017): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.11.4.2016.331-338.
Full textAbstract:
Masalah yang paling utama dalam budidaya abalon tropis adalah pertumbuhan yang lambat. Penggunaan rElGH (recombinant giant grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus growth hormone) untuk menstimulasi pertumbuhan beberapa spesies ikan sudah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji akselerasi pertumbuhan juvenil abalon tropis, Haliotis squamata setelah diberi perlakuan perendaman hormon rekombinan ikan kerapu kertang, Epinephelus lanceolatus pada frekuensi yang berbeda. Ada empat perlakuan frekuensi perendaman rElGH yaitu 4, 9, 16 kali, dan tanpa perendaman (kontrol). Masing-masing perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Perendaman dilakukan selama tiga jam, dengan interval waktu empat hari. Kepadatan abalon tropis 100 ekor/L air laut yang mengandung 30 mg rElGH. Wadah untuk perendaman berupa beaker glass yang dilengkapi dengan aerasi. Penelitian dilakukan selama tujuh bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa abalon tropis yang direndam rElGH dengan frekuensi empat kali menghasilkan pertumbuhan bobot tubuh dan panjang cangkang tertinggi dan berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan lainnya (P<0,05). Sintasan abalon tropis yang diberi perlakuan perendaman hormon rElGH lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan kontrol.The most crucial problem in tropical abalone aquaculture is the slow growth of the species. Studies investigating the use of rElGH (recombinant giant grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus growth hormone) for promoting growth have been performed in various species. This research aimed to examine the growth acceleration of tropical abalone, Haliotis squamata juvenile after being treated in different immersion frequencies of recombinant giant grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus growth hormone (rElGH). There were four treatments of rElGH immersion frequency: 4, 9, 16 times and without rElGH immersion (control). Each treatment was performed in triplicates. Immersion was performed for 3 hours, at 4-day intervals and a density of 100 tropical abalones in 1 L seawater containing 30 mg rElGH. Immersion was conducted in a beaker glass supplied with oxygen. The results indicated that rElGH immersion for total of 4 times showed significantly higher (P<0.05) body weight and shell length of tropical abalone compared to other treatments. The Survival of tropical abalone treated with rElGH was also significantly higher than control.
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Heru Prihadi, Tri, Rasidi, Idil Ardi, Ani Widiyati, and Dwi Budi Wiyanto. "Potency of Different Seaweeds as Diets for Developing Abalone (H. squamata) Culture in Nusa Penida Island, Bali." E3S Web of Conferences 47 (2018): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184702004.
Full textAbstract:
Nusa Penida island is one of center for seaweed culture in Bali province. Seaweed that cultured is Euchema spinosum and Euchema cottoni spread around coastal. There also found wild seaweed, such as Ulva sp and Gracillaria sp. Abalone (H. squamata) is one of kind Mollusca which high economic value, but abalone cultured is not yet develop in Nusa Penida island, although this island have high potency for developing abalone culture. Abalone culture needs seaweeds as a diet. The abundance of seaweeds as abalon diet is important for developing abalon culture in Nusa Penida Island in the future. The aim of this research was to asses the potency of seaweeds as diet for developing abalone culture in Nusa Penida island. Research was done in Batununggul village, Nusa Penida Island. Experimental design was used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were used different seaweeds as diet for abalone culture: (DG=Diet Gracillaria sp, DS=Diet Spinosum sp. and DU=Diet Ulva sp.). Abalon were cultured for 4 months by feeding the diet at satiation. Data analysis was used analysis varian (Anova) with SPSS. 16. The result showed abalon fed with Gracillaria sp (DG) at 4.73 g was the highest growth by 4.73 g, followed DU by 3.93 g and DS by 3.43 g. Meanwhile the abalon shell length fed with Gracillaria sp (DG) was the highest growth by 6.55 mm, followed DU by 5.97 mm and DS by 5.60 mm. Based on variant analysis showed growth performance (length shell and weight) abalon, all treatments were not significantly different (P>0.05). The conclusion this research, the three species of seaweed can be used as diet for abalone culture. These seaweeds have same potency as diet for developing abalone culture in Nusa Penida Island
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Supriyono, Eddy, Debora Victoria Liubana, Tatag Budiardi, and Irzal Effendi. "The addition of calcium oxide with different doses in the recirculation system to improve the abalone Haliotis squamata seed production." Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 19, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.19027/jai.19.2.199-206.
Full textAbstract:
Information about abalone growth is necessary to overcome the abalone culture sustainability. Water quality parameters are aspects that need to be reviewed, one of which is the calcium level in the water. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal calcium dose in recirculation system for abalone (Haliotis squamata) growth. The study was conducted with an experimental method with four treatments (calcium oxide with doses of 0, 15, 30, 45 mg/L) and three times replications. Abalone with 2.3 g body weight, 2.3 cm shell length, and 1.2 cm shell width was reared for 60 days in recirculation system and fed with Gracilaria verrucosa. The results showed that the best abalone treatment medium with the addition of calcium oxide to increase the abalone seed production was 15 mg/L CaO with 100% survival rate, 31.57±2.82% feed efficiency, and 0.56±0.06%/day specific growth rate.
Keywords: Abalone, calcium, organ composition, production, recirculation
ABSTRAK
Informasi tentang pertumbuhan abalon diperlukan untuk mengatasi keberlanjutan budidaya abalon. Parameter kualitas air merupakan aspek yang perlu ditinjau. Kadar kalsium dalam air menjadi salah satu aspek yang dapat ditinjau.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan dosis kalsium optimal melalui sistem resirkulasi untuk pertumbuhan abalon Haliotis squamata. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode eksperimental dengan empat perlakuan 3 ulangan penambahan CaO dengan dosis 0, 15, 30, dan 45 mg/L. Secara singkat, abalon dengan bobot badan 2,3 g, panjang cangkang 2,3 cm dan lebar cangkang 1,2 cm dipelihara selama 60 hari dengan sistem resirkulasi dan diberi makan dengan Gracilaria verrucosa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media perlakuan abalon dengan penambahan kalsium oksida terbaik untuk meningkatkan produksi abalon adalah CaO 15 mg/L dengan tingkat kelangsungan hidup 100%, efisiensi pakan 31,57 ± 2,82 %, dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik harian 0.56 ± 0.06%/hari.
Kata kunci: Abalon, kalsium, komposisi organ, produksi, resirkulasi
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Lee, Hey Gene, MinJoong Joo, Jong-Moon Park, Mi Ae Kim, JeongHun Mok, Seong-Hyeon Cho, Young Chang Sohn, and Hookeun Lee. "Lipid Profiling of Pacific Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) at Different Developmental Stages Using Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2022 (October 17, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5822562.
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Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) is a commercially important mollusk; therefore, improvement of its growth performance and quality has been emphasized. During embryonic development, abalones undergo a series of distinct larval stages, including swimming veliger larvae, juveniles, and mature individuals, and their biomolecular composition varies depending on the developmental stage. Therefore, in the present study, we performed untargeted lipid profiling of abalone tissues at different developmental stages as well as the hemolymph of mature female and male abalones using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. These profiles can provide meaningful information to understand compositional changes in lipids through abalone metamorphosis and development. A total of 132 lipids belonging to 15 classes were identified from abalone tissues at different developmental stages. Moreover, 21 lipids belonging to 8 classes were identified from the hemolymph of mature abalones. All data were processed following strict criteria to provide accurate information. Triglycerides and phosphatidylcholines were the major lipid components identified in both tissues and hemolymph, accounting for, respectively, 27% and 15% of all lipids in tissues and, respectively, 24% and 38% of all lipids in the hemolymph. Of note, lysophosphatidylcholine was only detected in the tissues of mature abalones, paving the way for further analyses of abalone lipids based on developmental stages. The present findings offer novel insights into the lipidome of abalone tissues and hemolymph at different developmental stages, building a foundation for improving the efficiency and quality of abalone aquaculture.
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Lin, Hongyue, Yiyang Qian, Jia Chen, Xiaolong Gao, Mo Zhang, Weiwei You, and Rongxin Zhang. "Acoustic Characterization for The Feeding Activities of Haliotis discus Hannai." Applied Sciences 13, no. 9 (April 29, 2023): 5559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13095559.
Full textAbstract:
In order to analyze the sound production mechanism and the acoustic characteristics of Haliotis discus hannai during feeding, this paper proposes a multi-source information fusion approach combining passive acoustics with videos. In the experiments, abalones with a shell length of 60 ± 2.7 mm were divided into two groups: Group A was fed with fresh macro algae Gracilaria lemaneiformis as food once each day; Group B was placed on a small amount of sand as impurities at the bottom of the tank. As control groups, Group C did not have abalone or food and Group D did not have abalones but food was added. The eating acoustic signals of abalone were mainly concentrated in the frequency range between 9.49 kHz and 44.36 kHz, wherein the peak frequency is 37.86 ± 2.55 kHz, with the maximum energy −66.43 ± 5.17 dBm/Hz. Each pulse sequence is with a duration of 119.12 ± 70.51 ms and consists of several sub-pulses. Nearly 70% of the pulse sequences consist of 1~2 sub-pulses and the duration of the pulse containing one sub-pulse is 42.62 ± 19.72 ms. The eating rate was kept at 0.61 ± 0.04 times/min at the beginning and was decreased significantly to 0.48 ± 0.08 times/min after 60 min. Note that the characteristic analysis of abalone acoustic signals during feeding are first reported in this manuscript to the best of our knowledge, and this paper also demonstrates that the sound of abalone is produced by scraping and grinding food with radula. Because the eating rate decreases with the reduction in the abalone’s level of hunger, the results may be used as an acoustic indicator of feeding strategy for the abalone aquaculture industry.
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Sembiring, Sari Budi Moria, Ida Komang Wardana, and Ketut Sugama. "PEMBESARAN JUVENIL TERIPANG PASIR, Holothuria scabra DAN BENIH ABALON, Haliotis squamata DALAM SISTEM POLIKULTUR." Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.13.1.2018.21-28.
Full textAbstract:
Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji efisiensi pembesaran juvenil teripang pasir, Holothuria scabra dan benih abalon, Haliotis squamata pada sistem polikultur. Penelitian dilakukan di Balai Besar Riset Budidaya Laut dan Penyuluhan Perikanan Gondol. Wadah percobaan berupa bak fiber volume 1 m3, abalone dipelihara dalam keranjang plastik ukuran 45 cm x 45 cm x 25 cm sebanyak dua buah/bak, sedangkan teripang dipelihara di dasar bak dengan sistem air mengalir. Kepadatan abalon 50 ind./keranjang dan teripang 100 ind./bak. Ukuran panjang dan bobot juvenil teripang yang digunakan adalah 3,17 ± 0,77 cm; 1,74 ± 0,64 g; dan benih abalone 3,16 ± 0,48 cm dan 4,82 ± 0,87 g. Jenis pakan abalon berupa rumput laut Gracilaria sp. dan Ulva sp. sedangkan teripang diberi pakan berupa bentos selama enam bulan pemeliharaan. Sebagai perlakuan adalah pemeliharaan teripang dan abalon: A (tanpa pemberian bentos), B (ditambah bentos), dan C (ditambah bentos dan tanpa abalon), masing-masing perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Parameter yang diamati meliputi pertumbuhan, sintasan, kualitas air, dan kandungan proksimat feses abalon. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan juvenil teripang pasir berbeda nyata (P<0,05); rata-rata panjang total dan bobot badan pada perlakuan B lebih tinggi (4,45 ± 1,06 cm; 8,06 ± 1,19 g) dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Sebaliknya sintasan juvenil teripang pasir tidak berbeda nyata antar perlakuan (P>0,05). Pertumbuhan bobot benih abalon berbeda nyata antar perlakuan (P<0,05) dengan nilai rata-rata pada perlakuan A (16,75 ± 2,96 g) dan B (12,77 ± 2,69 g). Sedangkan pertumbuhan panjang cangkang dan sintasan tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05). Produktivitas polikutur pada perlakuan A mencapai 208,54 g untuk teripang dan 4.656 g untuk abalon; diikuti perlakuan B mencapai 118,55 g untuk teripang dan 3.493 g untuk abalon dan perlakuan C sebesar 34,50 g.The aim of the research was to examine the grow-out efficiency of sea cucumber, Holothuria scabra, and abalone, Haliotis squamata fry in a polyculture system. The research was conducted in the Institute for Mariculture Research and Fisheries Extension, Gondol. Containers used in this research were nine fiberglass tanks each with a volume of 1 m3. The abalone fry were reared in two baskets sized 45 cm x 45 cm x 25 cm while sea cucumber fry were reared on the bottom of the tank and. Water exchange used a flow-through system. The density of abalone was 50 fry/basket and sea cucumber was 100 fries/tank. The averages of length and body weight of sea cucumber were 3.17 ± 0.77 cm and 1.74 ± 0.64 g, respectively. The abalone fry had the averages of length and body weight of 3.16 ± 0.48 cm and 4.82 ± 0.87 g, respectively. Feeds used for the abalone fry were Gracilaria sp. and Ulva sp. while for sea cucumber was benthos. These feeds were used during the six months of the research. Treatments were grow-out of sea cucumber and abalone: A (without benthos), B (with benthos), and C (with benthos but without abalone), each treatment had three replicates. Parameters measured were growth and survival rate, water quality, and proximate analysis of abalone feces. The results showed that the growth of sea cucumber was significantly different (P<0.05), mean of total length and body weight of treatment B was higher (4.45 ± 1.06 cm; 8.06 ± 1.19 g) compared to the two other treatments. On the other hand, the survival rate of sea cucumber fry was not significantly different among treatments (P>0.05). The growth of body weight of abalone was significantly different (P<0.05) among the treatments in which the average for treatment A was 16.75 ± 2.96 g and treatment B was 12.77 ± 2.69 g. The growth of carapace length and survival rate were not significantly different (P>0.05). The productivity of polyculture in treatment A reached 208.54 g for sea cucumber and 4,656 g for abalone; followed by treatment B of 118.55 g for sea cucumber and 3,493 g for abalone and treatment of C 34.50 g.
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Rusdi, Ibnu, Riani Rahmawati, Bambang Susanto, and I. Nyoman Adiasmara. "PEMATANGAN GONAD INDUK ABALON Haliotis squamata MELALUI PENGELOLAAN PAKAN." Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 5, no. 3 (November 28, 2016): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.5.3.2010.383-391.
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Abalon merupakan hewan yang bersifat herbivora di alam memakan berbagai jenis makroalga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh berbagai makroalga sebagai pakan terhadap perkembangan gonad abalon Haliotis squamata. Dalam penelitian ini diterapkan 4 perlakuan pemberian pakan yaitu: (A) Gracilaria sp., (B) Ulva sp., (C) Sargassum sp., (D) Kombinasi Gracilaria sp. + Ulva sp. + Sargassum sp. (rasio 1:1:1). Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap masing-masing dengan 3 ulangan. Induk-induk abalon dipelihara dalam 12 buah kontainer plastik berlubang ukuran 0,58 m x 0,39 m x 0,31 m dan ditempatkan dalam sebuah bak semen ukuran 3 m x 2 m x 1 m. Setiap kontainer berisi abalon sebanyak 10 ekor dengan ukuran awal rata-rata panjang cangkang dan bobot masing-masing 58,9±1,37 mm dan 36,1±4,06 g. Pakan diberikan dengan dosis 15%-20% dari bobot biomassa setiap 2 hari sekali. Pergantian air menggunakan sistem sirkulasi dengan debit 5-6 L/menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata pertumbuhan bobot mutlak dan laju pertumbuhan bobot harian berbeda nyata (P<0,05) antar perlakuan. Tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG) induk abalon pada hari ke-70 diperoleh TKG-III tertinggi dihasilkan pada perlakuan kombinasi Gracilaria + Ulva sp. + Sargassum sp. (P<0,05). Perlakuan pakan kombinasi Gracilaria sp. + Ulva sp. dan Sargassum sp. terlihat lebih sesuai dalam memacu pematangan gonad induk abalon H. squamata. Abalone is a herbivorous animal which consumes various kinds of macroalgae in the wild. The aim of the study was to study the effects of various kinds of macroalgae on gonadal maturation of abalone, Haliotis squamata. The experiment applied four kinds of macroalgae i.e.: (A) Gracilaria sp.; (B) Ulva sp.; (C) Sargassum sp.; and (D) Combination of Gracilaria sp. + Ulva sp. + Sargassum sp. (ratio 1:1:1) as food for abalone broodstock. The experiment was arranged in complete random design with three replications. One cemented tank of 3 m x 2 m x 1 m in size was used for the observation. Twelve plastic containers of 0,58 m x 0,39 m x 0,31 m in size were placed in the tank and stocked with 10 abalones per container with the average size of shell length and body weight were 58.9±1.37 mm and 36.1±4.06 g, respectively. For each treatment, macroalgae was given daily with the dosage between 15% and 20% from the total of body weight. Water exchange was done using flow-through system with rate of exchange of 5-6 L/minute. The result of the study showed that the average of absolute growth and daily growth rate of abalones were significantly different (P<0.05) among treatments. The observation of gonadal development of abalone broodstocks on day-70 revealed that the latest stage III of gonadal maturation was achieved by the broodstock fed with combination treatment of Gracilaria sp. + Ulva sp. + Sargassum sp. (P<0.05). Combination of macroalgae from this treatment was clearly able to stimulate gonadal maturation of H. squamata broodstock.
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Jwa, Min-Seok, and Chang-Yu Hong. "Prospecting the Effects on Abalone (H. discus) Growth under Low-Salinity Stress after Feeding Citrus Peel (CP) and Ecklonia cava disuse (ECD) as Feed Additives." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 7 (June 26, 2021): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9070707.
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This study addressed the effects of adding citrus peel (CP) and Ecklonia cava disuse extract (ECD) in the diet of abalones, which are a highly utilized marine species in Korea. As interest in abalone farming is increasing around the fishing community, the installation of land tanks and fish farms on the southern coast and Jeju Island in South Korea is spreading remarkably. In order to create the best opportunities for survival and reproduction, immunity to disease, and growth potential of abalones, we must consider the diet implemented in abalone farming. The survival rate of abalone has shown positive results when their diet is supplemented with CP and ECD. Our research also concluded that the addition of ECD may have a significant effect on the abalone growth and physiology.
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Giri, I. Nyoman Adiasmara, Tatam Sutarmat, Hirmawan Tirta Yudha, Ibnu Rusdi, and Bambang Susanto. "GROW-OUT OF ABALONE Haliotis squamata IN FLOATING CAGES FED DIFFERENT PROPORTIONS OF SEAWEED AND WITH REDUCTION OF STOCKING DENSITY." Indonesian Aquaculture Journal 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/iaj.9.1.2014.15-21.
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Abalone is a herbivore marine animal which feeds on seaweed. Abalone culture has a good prospect in terms of price, market share and simple culture technique. Thus, a study was conducted with the aim of finding out an effective and efficient abalone culture technique in terms of feed use and density. In this study, a 42 cm diameter plastic container with a 22 cm height was used. Three vertically arranged containers were used as the experimental group which were put into a net box and hung onto a raft so that the containers were placed in a 4 m depth below the sea surface. The juvenile of abalones being used came from a hatchery production that has been adapted to cages environment with Gracilaria sp. and Ulva sp. feed. The initial density of abalones was 450 for each container, with the initial weight of 2.6-3.2 g and the 2.5-2.7 cm shell lengths. The abalones were fed with Gracilaria sp. and Ulva sp. seaweeds with different Gracilaria sp./Ulva sp. proportions, i.e. 100/0% (A); 80/20% (B); and 60/40% (C) as the treatments. Each treatment consisted of two replications. After three months of rearing period, densities of abalones were reduced to be 190 for each experimental unit. Weight and shell length of abalones were measured every month by measuring 25 abalone samples from each experimental unit. The result of the experiment showed that the increase in the Ulva sp. proportion in the feed increased the growth of abalones and decreased the feed conversion. Feeding with Gracilaria sp./Ulva sp. proportion of 60%/40% allowed the best growth of abalones. The decrease of abalone density in the experimental unit after three months of rearing also produced an increase in their growth.
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Susanto, Bambang, Ibnu Rusdi, Suko Ismi, and Riani Rahmawati. "pemeliharaan yuwana abalon (Haliotis squamata) TURUNAN F-1 SECARA TERKONTROL DENGAN JENIS pakan BERBEDA." Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 5, no. 2 (November 25, 2016): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.5.2.2010.199-209.
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Abalon (Haliotis squamata) merupakan jenis kekerangan yang mulai dikembangkan untuk dapat memenuhi permintaan pasar. Tingkat pertumbuhan abalon sangat lambat sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk memacu pertumbuhan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis pakan yang cocok dan dapat memacu pertumbuhan yuwana abalon. Biota uji yang digunakan adalah yuwana abalon dengan ukuran panjang cangkang awal 12,51 ± 1,27 mm, yang ditempatkan dalam wadah plastik berukuran 35 cm x 25 cm x13 cm, diisi dengan kepadatan 25 ekor/wadah. Perlakuan jenis pakan berbeda adalah (A) pelet, (B) pakan rumput laut (Gracilaria spp.), dan (C) kombinasi rumput laut dan pelet. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian jenis pakan berbeda memberikan pengaruh yang nyata (P<0,05) terhadap tingkat pertumbuhan panjang, lebar cangkang, dan bobot badan yuwana abalon turunan F-1.Abalone (Haliotis squamata) is one of shellfish to develop for market demand. The growth of abalone is slow and this experiment was purposed to increase to find out the suitable kinds of feed to promote the growth of abalone juvenile in hatchery. The rearing of abalone juvenile was conducted in plastic boxes size of 35 cm x 25 cm x 13 cm, filled with density of 25 ind./box with initial shell length of 12.51 ± 1.27 mm. The experiment applied different kinds of feed, (A) pellet, (B) seaweed/Gracilaria spp., and (C) combination of seaweed and pellet with three replicates in each treatment. The result of the experiment indicated that different feeding resulted in significant difference (P<0.05) on growth of width and length of shell and body weight abalone juvenile F-1 generation.
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Jwa, Min-seok, and Chang-Yu Hong. "Physiological Responses of Intrinsic Small Abalone Haliotis diversicolor aquatilis under High Temperature Stress by Low Level 60CO Gamma Irradiation-Mediated Hormetic Effect." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 11 (November 12, 2020): 906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8110906.
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Haliotis diversicolor aquatilis (H. diversicolor aquatilis) is one of the aquaculture abalone species in Jeju Island, South Korea. The high water temperature in the middle of the summer season frequently limits the aquaculture productivity of abalone. To cope with the problem, this study aimed to investigate viability, attachment rate, changes of immune response, and physiological properties of juvenile small abalone Haliotis diversicolor aquatilis against high water temperature stress under 60CO-gamma irradiation-mediated hormetic effects. To examine physiological changes of abalone, the gamma-ray irradiated and non-irradiated groups were distinguished by grouping a total of 70 abalones in a treated group and a control group (each group included twenty-five female and ten male abalones). The treated group was exposed to 60CO-gamma irradiation using a designed experimental apparatus, the control group was not. Our results revealed that the low level of gamma ray (20 Gy)-irradiated Haliotis diversicolor aquatilis showed a 100% survival rate during the experiment. After gamma ray exposure, all the abalones were cultured without feeding and bioactivities were measured to examine gamma ray-induced physiological responses. The results suggested the potential for selective breeding using gamma ray irradiation hormesis to manipulate the number of eggs, fertilization rate, hatching rate, and attachment rate. The shell length of juvenile abalone was significantly enhanced by a 20 Gy radiation dose. We could presume that the effect of hormesis in the gamma-ray irradiation parent shellfish also had a genetic effect on the offspring. In order to verify changes in immune response and stress tolerance of abalone under high temperature stress, lysozyme activity and survival rates were compared at a water temperature of 30 °C. Interestingly, the 60Co gamma ray-irradiated abalones exhibited almost a 1.65-fold enhanced survival rate along with reduced lysozyme activity after 12 h of high temperature stress. Our results speculate that low levels of 60Co gamma ray-mediated hormetic effects can be an effective strategy for shell length growth and high temperature stress tolerance.
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Al-Ghassani, Salim, Mikhail Chesalin, Mohammed Balkhair, and Salem Kahoom. "Three-Year Closure of Fishing Seasons as a Management Tool for the Omani Abalone, Haliotis mariae, Fishery in the Sultanate of Oman." Journal of Marine Sciences 2022 (December 21, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2140471.
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Data from underwater surveys conducted between 2009 and 2021 were analyzed to determine the effect of closed fishing seasons on the density and size composition of Omani abalone, in the main fishing areas (Mirbat, Sadah, Hadbin, and Hasik). The average density of abalones, the abundance of mature and legal size abalone, and the average abalone size increased significantly after a 3-year closure (2008-2010). From 2012 to 2021, abalone density and size decreased despite four 1-2 years of closed fishing seasons. The density of mature abalone after 2011 was below the minimum spawning density of Haliotidae. Abalone densities were found to be relatively high in Sadah and Hadbin but very low in Mirbat and critical conditions in Hasik. Lack in regulations’ enforcement, overlap between fishing and reproduction season, and the uncontrolled number of divers are probably the main reasons for the decline in abalone abundance and size. Future fishing closure must be extended for at least three years, and abalone harvest in Mirbat and Hasik should be banned for at least five years. The number of divers must be regulated, and changing the fishing season must be evaluated. It is necessary to identify if the population is sustainable, threatened, or recovering, by studying more biological aspects of the Omani abalone, including minimum spawning density, abalone aggregation, and recruitment levels at each fishing ground. These studies will help the authorities to decide when fishing must stop to avoid any further reduction in the abalone densities. It is important to understand the socioeconomic status of abalone diver’s communities in Oman for better management and development.
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Villasante, Alejandro, Natalia Catalán, Rodrigo Rojas, Karin B. Lohrmann, and Jaime Romero. "Microbiota of the Digestive Gland of Red Abalone (Haliotis rufescens) Is Affected by Withering Syndrome." Microorganisms 8, no. 9 (September 13, 2020): 1411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091411.
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Withering syndrome (WS), an infectious disease caused by intracellular bacteria Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis, has provoked significant economic losses in abalone aquaculture. The pathogen infects gastroenteric epithelia, including digestive gland, disrupting the digestive system and causing a progressive wilting in abalone. Nonetheless, our knowledge about WS implications in digestive gland microbiota, and its role in diseases progress remains largely unknown. This study aims to determine whether digestive gland-associated microbiota differs between healthy red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) and red abalone affected with WS. Using high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, our results revealed differences in microbiota between groups. Bacterial genera, including Mycoplasma, Lactobacillus, Cocleimonas and Tateyamaria were significantly more abundant in healthy abalones, whilst Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis and Marinomonas were more abundant in WS-affected abalones. Whilst Mycoplasma was the dominant genus in the healthy group, Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis was dominant in the WS group. However, Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis was present in two healthy specimens, and thus the Mycoplasma/Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis ratio appears to be more determinant in specimens affected with WS. Further research to elucidate the role of digestive gland microbiota ecology in WS pathogenesis is required.
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SCHOTT, KRISTEN C., COLIN KRUSOR, M. TIM TINKER, JAMES MOORE, PATRICIA A. CONRAD, and KAREN SHAPIRO. "Concentration and retention of Toxoplasma gondii surrogates from seawater by red abalone (Haliotis rufescens)." Parasitology 143, no. 13 (August 30, 2016): 1703–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182016001359.
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SUMMARYSmall marine snails and abalone have been identified as high- and low-risk prey items, respectively, for exposure of threatened southern sea otters to Toxoplasma gondii, a zoonotic parasite that can cause fatal encephalitis in animals and humans. While recent work has characterized snails as paratenic hosts for T. gondii, the ability of abalone to vector the parasite has not been evaluated. To further elucidate why abalone predation may be protective against T. gondii exposure, this study aimed to determine whether: (1) abalone are physiologically capable of acquiring T. gondii; and (2) abalone and snails differ in their ability to concentrate and retain the parasite. Abalone were exposed to T. gondii surrogate microspheres for 24 h, and fecal samples were examined for 2 weeks following exposure. Concentration of surrogates was 2–3 orders of magnitude greater in abalone feces than in the spiked seawater, and excretion of surrogates continued for 14 days post-exposure. These results indicate that, physiologically, abalone and snails can equally vector T. gondii as paratenic hosts. Reduced risk of T. gondii infection in abalone-specializing otters may therefore result from abalone's high nutritional value, which implies otters must consume fewer animals to meet their caloric needs.
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Akbar, Arief Prayoga, Pande Gde Sasmita Julyantoro, and Dewa Ayu Angga Pebriani. "Kualitas Air, Pertumbuhan dan Kelulushidupan Benih Abalone (Haliotis squamata) dengan Aplikasi RAS di BPIUUK Karangasem Bali." Bumi Lestari Journal of Environment 22, no. 2 (July 30, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/blje.2022.v22.i02.p01.
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Abalone adalah salah satu siput laut yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi dan memiliki keunggulan karena kandungan protein tinggi mencapai 71,99%, kandungan lemak 3,24% dan dapat digunakan sebagai obat. Tingginya permintaan abalone menyebabkan peningkatan pengambilan langsung di alam dan berisiko pada kelangkaan abalone di perairan. Salah satu cara untuk mengatasi hal tersebut adalah melakukan budidaya abalone dengan sistem monokultur. Salah satu teknologi yang diaplikasikan adalah budidaya abalone adalah dengan menggunakan sistem recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) yaitu mengolah air yang telah digunakan agar dapat dimanfaatkan kembali untuk kegiatan budidaya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis parameter kualitas air, pertumbuhan panjang dan berat serta kelulushidupan pada pemeliharaan benih abalon (Haliotis squamata) dengan menggunakan sistem RAS. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni – September 2020 di Balai Induk Udang dan Kekerangan, Karangasem, Bali. Penelitian menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Parameter kualitas air yang diukur meliputu nitrit, ammonia, TSS , pH, suhu, DO, dan salinitas. Hasil pengukuran kualitas air menunjukkan nilai nitrit berkisar 0 – 0,338 mg/L, ammonia 0 – 0,09 mg/L, TSS 0 – 15 mg/L, pH 7 – 8, suhu 26 – 28 oC, DO 4,3 – 7,07 mg/L, dan salinitas 31 – 38 ppt. Nilai tersebut masih dalam kisaran optimal untuk pemeliharaan abalone. Pertumbuhan panjang dan berat mutlak benih abalone selama penelitian masing-masing sebesar 25,17 mm/ekor dan 9,15 gr/ekor, dan nilai kelulushidupan 99,5 % selama 100 hari periode kultur.
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Khotimah, Fitriyah Husnul, Gusti Ngurah Permana, Ibnu Rusdi, and Bambang Susanto. "PEMELIHARAAN LARVA ABALON Haliotis squamata DENGAN PEMBERIAN JENIS PAKAN BERBEDA DALAM BENTUK TEPUNG." Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.13.1.2018.39-46.
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Masalah utama yang umum terjadi pada produksi benih abalon adalah kematian yang tinggi (> 90%) setelah abalon menempel pada plate pemeliharaan. Penggunaan pakan dalam bentuk tepung untuk mengganti diatom sebagai pakan postlarva beberapa spesies ikan, udang, dan abalon sudah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan jenis pakan dalam bentuk tepung yang sesuai dan efektif untuk mendukung sintasan dan pertumbuhan larva abalon Haliotis squamata. Percobaan terdiri atas lima perlakuan pakan pada pemeliharaan larva abalon yaitu tepung Spirulina sp., Ulva sp., Chaetoceros sp., Gracilaria sp., dan diatom (kontrol). Masing-masing perlakuan terdiri atas empat ulangan. Pakan berupa tepung yang digunakan pada masing-masing perlakuan, terlebih dahulu dicampur merata dengan larutan tepung agar (7,5 mg/mL dalam air laut; suhu 40°C) dengan konsentrasi tepung 40 mg/mL larutan agar. Pemberian pakan dilakukan setiap tiga hari dengan cara menyemprotkan larutan pakan pada permukaan plate pemeliharaan larva. Penelitian dilakukan selama 30 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sintasan larva abalon yang diberi pakan tepung Spirulina sp. paling tinggi dan berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dengan yang diberi diatom, tepung Chaetoceros sp., dan Ulva sp., yaitu masing-masing 81,49%; 79,25%; 76,57%; dan 76,46%; tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan yang diberi pakan tepung Gracilaria sp. 81,37% (P>0,05). Laju pertumbuhan harian panjang cangkang larva abalon tertinggi diperoleh pada larva yang diberi pakan tepung Gracilaria sp. (203,81 ± 1,23 µm/hari) dan Spirulina sp. (205,59 ± 1,71 µm/hari). Nilai laju pertumbuhan harian panjang cangkang larva abalon yang paling rendah dijumpai pada larva yang diberi pakan tepung Ulva sp. (146,07 ± 1,73 µm/hari).The most common problem in abalone seed production is the high mortality occurrence (> 90%) after postlarvae settlement to the rearing plates. The use of microparticle diets to replace the natural feed of postlarval has been performed on various species of fish, shrimp, and abalone. This research aims to determine the most effective and suitable powder-based feed to support the survival and growth of abalone Haliotis squamata larvae. The experiments consisted of five feed treatments, i.e., Spirulina sp., Ulva sp., Chaetoceros sp., and Gracilaria sp. Flour, and diatoms (as control). Each treatment had four replicates. The powder-based feed used in each treatment was firstly mixed with a solution of agar powder (7.5 mg/mL sea water, 40°C) with a concentration of 40 mg of flour/mL of agar solution. Feeding was done every three days by spraying the feed solution onto the surface of the larval rearing plate. The study was conducted for 30 days. The results showed that survival rate of abalone larvae fed with Spirulina sp. flour was the highest and significantly different (P<0.05) compared with those given diatoms, Chaetoceros sp. and Ulva sp. flours, which were 81.49%, 79.25%, 76.57%, and 76.46%, respectively, and not significantly different from those fed with Gracilaria sp. 81.37% (P>0.05). The highest daily growth rate of the shell length of abalone larvae was achieved by larvae fed with Gracilaria sp. (203.81 ± 1.23 ¼m/day) and Spirulina sp. flours (205.47 ± 1.71 µm/day). The lowest daily growth rate of shell length was found on abalone larvae fed with Ulva sp. flour (146.07 ± 1.73 µm/day).
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Chen, I.-Wen, Pen-Heng Chang, Min-Shou Chen, Tristan Renault, Meei-Mei Chen, Shu-Ting Kuo, and Chiung-Hsiang Cheng. "EXPLORING THE CHRONIC MORTALITY AFFECTING ABALONES IN TAIWAN: DIFFERENTIATION OF ABALONE HERPESVIRUS-ASSOCIATED ACUTE INFECTION FROM CHRONIC MORTALITY BY PCR AND IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION AND HISTOPATHOLOGY." Taiwan Veterinary Journal 42, no. 01 (March 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1682648515500237.
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Abalone herpesvirus (AbHV) infection of cultured abalones Haliotis diversicolor supertexta induced acute high mortality in 2003. Years later, sporadic mortality was noted for an extended period of months, resulting in high cumulative mortality. Moribund abalones were analyzed using PCR, in situ hybridization, and histopathology, because thus far no viral particles have been observed by transmission electron microscopy. PCR using 20 primer sets, specifically designed from sequences of acute AbHV infection, failed to amplify any products from abalones suffering from chronic mortality. Subsequently, a 1406-bp sequence was amplified from chronic moribund abalones, and this sequence showed a 92% (553 bp/602 bp) homology with the gene of an AbHV Taiwan isolate (NCBI serial no. KF537536.1), suggestive of an AbHV pathotype. Histopathology of AbHV pathotype infection showed hemocyte infiltration in the lamina propia of the digestive tract, and hemocytes of various stages were evident, as well as the loss of seminal tubules in the gonad. In situ hybridization revealed that in AbHV infection, positive signals were restricted to the neural ganglia, while in AbHV pathotype infection, positive signals were observed only in the hemocytes. It appeared that the tropism of AbHV shifted from mainly neurotropic in AbHV infection to mainly hemocytotropic in abalone suffering from chronic mortality. Abalone shriveling syndrome-associated virus co-infection was detected in some of AbHV pathotype infection events. Further studies are needed to better understand the pathogenesis of AbHV pathotype affecting H. diversicolor in Taiwan.
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Permana, Gusti Ngurah, Ibnu Rusdi, Reagan Septory, and Hendra Agung Kurniawan. "PENDEDERAN ABALON, Haliotis squamata KEPADATAN TINGGI DENGAN SISTEM TANGKI AIR MENGALIR Tangki air Mengalir." Media Akuakultur 16, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/ma.16.2.2021.65-72.
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Teknologi budidaya abalon telah tersedia dan dilakukan dengan berbagai metode budidaya pendederan dan pembesaran. Namun, hingga saat ini belum berkembang di masyarakat karena kurangnya minat pengusaha/pembudidaya abalon untuk mengaplikasikan secara komersial. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kualitas dan kuantitas benih belum stabil, pertumbuhan lambat, biaya tinggi, dan memerlukan waktu pemeliharaan lebih lama. Oleh karena itu, perlu diupayakan metode yang lebih sederhana dengan biaya murah untuk pembesaran abalon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan pertumbuhan dan produksi abalon dengan padat tebar berbeda pada sistem-sistem tangki air mengalir. Benih abalon dipelihara di bak beton ukuran 12 m x 0,8 m x 0,8 m; kepadatan 70% dan 80% dari luasan dasar bak. Sementara untuk menghitung kelayakan usaha, rumus yang digunakan adalah revenue cost ratio (R/C). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan panjang, lebar dan bobot cangkang pada densitas 70% lebih baik dibandingkan dengan densitas 80%. Kepadatan 70% menghasilkan 8,98% peningkatan hasil biomassa dan kematian 6,51% lebih tinggi dari kepadatan 80%. Berdasarkan analisis ekonomi, sistem pembibitan ini layak secara ekonomi di mana padat tebar 70% dari total luas dasar memiliki keuntungan finansial terbaik.Breeding technology for abalone is available, and its farming can be done using different nursery and grow-out methods. However, abalone farming has not yet been commercially practiced due to the lack of interest from fish entrepreneurs/fish farmers. This is due to several factors related to the quality and quantity of seeds, such as inconsistent availability, slow growth, high cost, and long culture was period. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a simpler and inexpensive method to culture abalone. This research aimed to improve the rearing technique for abalone. Two concrete tanks of 12 m x 0.8 m x 0.8 m in size were used in which abalone seeds were stocked with stocking densities of 70% and 80% of the bottom area. The concrete tanks were equipped with a flow-through water circulation system. The business feasibility of the culture system was calculated using the revenue cost ratio (R/C) formula. The results showed that the growth in length, shell width and weight at a density of 70% was better than that of the density of 80%. The density of 70% resulted in an 8.98% increase in biomass yield and a 6.51% mortality higher than a density of 80%. Based on the economic analysis, this nursery system is economically feasible where the stocking density of 70% of the total bottom area has the best financial return.
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Nainggolan, Putri Febrine, I. Wayan Arthana, and Ayu Putu Wiweka Krisna Dewi. "A Comparison of Eucheuma cottonii Seaweed Cultivation in Monoculture and Polyculture Systems." Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 6, no. 1 (February 15, 2022): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/atbes.2022.v06.i01.p04.
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Seaweed is a commodity that has high economic value and benefits. The implementation of seaweed cultivation is quite short and the export market opportunities are wide open because the need for seaweed is quite large. This study aims to determine the growth rate of seaweed with monoculture and polyculture cultivation systems and the survival rate of abalone in polyculture cultivation. The research used an experimental method with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of two treatments and three replications. The cultivation system in this study was seaweed monoculture Eucheuma cottonii with an initial weight of 100 gr and 100gr seaweed polyculture with abalone Haliotis squamata, each polyculture culture net bag containing 50 abalones. The value of the specific growth rate of monoculture seaweed was 2.21%/day, lower than the specific growth rate of polyculture, which was 3.61%/day. T-test analysis showed the value of sig = 0.049 < = 0.05, which means that there is a significant difference between the treatment of monoculture cultivation and polyculture cultivation. The abalone growth rate value ranged from 0.78-0.91%/day and the abalone survival rate ranged from 68-76%. Changes in environmental conditions affect the condition of abalone and seaweed so that the survival value of abalone is quite low and seaweed is infected with an ice-ice disease which causes a decrease in seaweed weight gain in the final week of the study period.
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Chen, Li, and John Ryan. "Abalone in Diasporic Chinese Culture: The Transformation of Biocultural Traditions through Engagement with the Western Australian Environment." Heritage 1, no. 1 (July 19, 2018): 122–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage1010009.
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In October 2017, the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development of Western Australia (WA) promulgated a new regulation on recreational abalone harvesting. A notable change was that, from 2017 on, the annual fishing season in the West Coast Zone was reduced to four days, from every December on Saturdays only. During the last decade, WA’s abalone fishing regulations have been overhauled frequently because of depleting local stocks. Worldwide, the marine heatwave resulting from climate change and illegal overfishing are considered the two principal reasons for abalone’s decline. Today, the highly lucrative abalone market has attracted more participants in recreational fishing in Perth, WA. Based on Asian natural heritage traditions and employing a multispecies sensory ethnographic methodology, this article provides an in-depth case study of the interaction between the local Chinese diaspora and the environment as represented in abalone harvesting practices. Between 2014 and 2016, the authors conducted one-on-one and focus group interviews with Chinese immigrants to Perth, WA, and also participated in abalone harvesting. The analysis reveals a suite of environmental influences on local Chinese diasporic life through heterogeneous forms of interaction between abalone and Perth-area Chinese immigrants.
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Kibet, Duncan, and Jong-Ho Shin. "Counting Abalone with High Precision Using YOLOv3 and DeepSORT." Processes 11, no. 8 (August 4, 2023): 2351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11082351.
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In this research work, an approach using You Only Look Once version three (YOLOv3)-TensorFlow for abalone detection and Deep Simple Online Real-time Tracking (DeepSORT) for abalone tracking in conveyor belt systems is proposed. The conveyor belt system works in coordination with the cameras used to detect abalones. Considering the computational effectiveness and improved detection algorithms, this proposal is promising compared to the previously proposed methods. Some of these methods have low effectiveness and accuracy, and they provide an incorrect counting rate because some of the abalones tend to entangle, resulting in counting two or more abalones as one. Conducting detection and tracking research is crucial to achieve modern solutions for small- and large-scale fishing industries that enable them to accomplish higher automation, non-invasiveness, and low cost. This study is based on the development and improvement of counting analysis tools for automation in the fishing industry. This enhances agility and generates more income without the cost created by inaccuracy.
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Xi, Peng, Yanqi Qiao, Qian Cong, and Qingliang Cui. "Experimental Study on the Adhesion of Abalone to Surfaces with Different Morphologies." Biomimetics 9, no. 4 (March 29, 2024): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9040206.
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To date, research on abalone adhesion has primarily analyzed the organism’s adhesion to smooth surfaces, with few studies on adhesion to non-smooth surfaces. The present study examined the surface morphology of the abalone’s abdominal foot, followed by measuring the adhesive force of the abalone on a smooth force measuring plate and five force measuring plates with different surface morphologies. Next, the adhesion mechanism of the abdominal foot was analyzed. The findings indicated that the abdominal foot of the abalone features numerous stripe-shaped folds on its surface. The adhesion of the abalone to a fine frosted glass plate, a coarse frosted glass plate, and a quadrangular conical glass plate was not significantly different from that on a smooth glass plate. However, the organism’s adhesion to a small lattice pit glass plate and block pattern glass plate was significantly different. The abalone could effectively adhere to the surface of the block pattern glass plate using the elasticity of its abdominal foot during adhesion but experienced difficulty in completely adhering to the surface of the quadrangular conical glass plate. The abdominal foot used its elasticity to form an independent sucker system with each small lattice pit, significantly improving adhesion to the small lattice pit glass plate. The elasticity of the abalone’s abdominal foot created difficulty in handling slight morphological size changes in roughness, resulting in no significant differences in its adhesion to the smooth glass plate.
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Rothaus, Don P., Brent Vadopalas, and Carolyn S. Friedman. "Precipitous declines in pinto abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana kamtschatkana) abundance in the San Juan Archipelago, Washington, USA, despite statewide fishery closure." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 65, no. 12 (December 2008): 2703–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f08-168.
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Pinto abalone ( Haliotis kamtschatkana kamtschatkana ) index stations in the San Juan Archipelago were systematically monitored by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife from 1992 through 2006. During this period, abalone abundance declined by 77% and the mean shell length (SL) increased 10.4 mm. Abalone densities at all index stations are currently well below the threshold of 0.15 abalone·m–2 required for successful fertilization. From 1992 to 1996, 16% of individuals encountered measured <90 mm SL, while only 6% of the individuals from 2003 to 2006 were in this small size class. Similarly, the number of those >114 mm SL was greater in the 2000s than in the 1990s. The mean SL of all live abalone observed in the 1990s (107.62 ± 0.87 mm) was significantly different from the mean SL of empty shells (114.21 ± 2.1 mm), but no difference was detected between the mean SLs of empty shells and live abalone in the 2000s (114.97 ± 1.42 mm). Taken together, these data suggest recruitment failure from an Allee response to low population densities.
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Yasa, Ngurah Sedana, Lutfi Anshory, Niken S. N. Handayani, Alim Isnansetyo, and Murwantoko Murwantoko. "Pengaruh Paparan Chlorine terhadap Stress Fisiologis dan Ekspresi Gen Hsp70 dan Hsp90 pada Abalon (Haliotis squamata)." Buletin Oseanografi Marina 10, no. 3 (July 31, 2021): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/buloma.v10i3.35251.
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Abalon merupakan salah satu moluska bercangkang tunggal yang memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi dan merupakan komoditas potensial dalam peningkatan devisa Negara. Namun permasalahannya adalah mudahnya abalone mengalami stress akibat perubahan berbagai faktor lingkungan seperti suhu, salinitas, bakteri Vibrio dan bahan desinfektan seperti chlorine. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat stress benih abalone terhadap paparan chlorine pada gen heat shock protein (HSP) dan mengetahui perubahan enzim-enzim antioksidan seperti SOD,CAT,PO dan perubahan struktur histologi otot kaki abalone akibat paparan chlorine. Koleksi benih abalone dengan ukuran cangkang 3-4 cm dari unit hatchery abalone, BPIU2K Karangasem Bali. Uji paparan abalone pada akuarium kaca volume 100 L dengan konsentrasi chlorine 10 ppm. Pengambilan sample (hemolim, otot kaki, gonad) dilakukan pada waktu pengamatan (0,12,24,48 jam). Pengamatan meliputi uji ekspresi gen heat shock protein (Hsp70 dan Hsp90), aktifitas enzim-enzim antioksidan dan histology pada otot kaki. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Hsp70 terekspresi paling tinggi pada hemolim abalone yaitu sebesar 350 kali lipat pada paparan jam ke 12 dibandingkan kontrol (P<0.05). Sedangkan, Hsp90 pada waktu yang sama menunjukkan tingkat stress abalone paling tinggi pada otot kaki dengan tingkat ekspresi sebesar 7 kali lipat jika dibandingkan kontrol (P<0.05). Gen heat shock protein diekspresikan cukup tinggi pada uji paparan chlorine, namun demikian Hsp70 menunjukkan tingkat ekspresi yang lebih tinggi jika dibanding dengan Hsp90. Hsp70 lebih sensitif sebagai marka stress abalone akibat paparan chlorine. Perubahan struktur histologi menunjukkan cemaran chlorine dapat meningkatkan ukuran diameter hemolim sinus dan kerusakan pada lapisan epithel otot kaki abalone. Abalone is one of the single-shelled mollusks which has high economic value and is a commodity in increasing the country's foreign exchange. However, the problem is that it is easy for abalone to experience stress due to the influence of various environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, Vibrio bacteria and disinfectants such as chlorine. The study was conducted to determine the stress level of abalone seeds produced by hatcheries against residual chlorine. The aim of the study were to see the stress level based on the heat shock protein (HSP) gene and to see changes in antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, PO and histological structure of abalone foot muscles due to chlorine contamination. Collection of abalone seeds with a 3-4 cm shell size from the abalone hatchery unit, BPIU2K Karangasem Bali. Abalone exposure test using a glass volume of 100 L with a chlorine concentration of 10 ppm. Furthermore, sampling was carried out (hemolime, leg muscles, gonads) at the time of observation (0.12,24,48 hours). Observations included heat shock protein gene expression (Hsp70 and Hsp90) and histology in foot muscles. The results showed that Hsp70 was the highest expressed in hemolime abalone 350 times at 12 hours exposure compared to controls (P <0.05). Meanwhile, Hsp90 at the same time showed the highest level of stress on leg muscles with an expression level of 7 times when compared to controls (P <0.05). It was concluded that the heat shock protein gene was expressed high enough in the chlorine exposure test, however, Hsp70 was more sensitive as a sign of abalone stress as indicated by a higher expression level when compared to Hsp90. Changes in the histological structure show that chlorine contamination can increase the diameter of the sinus hemolime and damage to the epithelial layer of the abalone foot muscles.
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Wei, Xiaohui, Bingye Yang, Wencui Zeng, Bin Tang, Miaoqin Huang, Xuan Luo, Weiwei You, and Caihuan Ke. "Carotenoid Accumulation in Common and Orange-Muscle Mutant of Abalone, Haliotis gigantea, Fed with Different Macroalgae." Aquaculture Nutrition 2022 (December 30, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9287594.
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Aquatic animals cannot synthesize carotenoids, thus they must come from diet or from symbionts. Previous studies have found that orange-muscle abalones are rich in carotenoids, but the effects of different diets on the accumulation of carotenoids are unknown. In this study, the effects of macroalgae (Gracilaria lemaneiformis), fresh and dried kelp (Laminaria japonica) on the contents of the predominant carotenoids, including zeaxanthin, β-carotene, and fucoxanthin, between the common and orange-muscle mutant of Haliotis gigantea were compared through a one-year culture experiment. Our study confirmed that carotenoids in abalones mainly come from diets, and the carotenoid types in the muscles were similar to their diets. We also found that feeding on G.lemaneiformis played an important role in maintaining a stable carotenoid content over time, especially zeaxanthin in H.gigantea. Our data also provided that abalones had a good growth performance under the feeding conditions of G.lemaneiformis. Finally, compared with common abalones, orange-muscle abalones had a notably enhanced ability to accumulate carotenoids through their diet, especially zeaxanthin ( P < 0.01 ). However, the growth performance of orange-muscle abalones was lower than those of common abalones fed the same diets. These results inferred that the content of carotenoid in abalone may be controlled by genetic factors, and diet had a significant influence on the accumulation of carotenoid in abalone to some extent.
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Liu, Yue, Haixia Yu, Yanlin Guo, Dong Huang, Jiahuan Liu, Mingzhu Pan, Liu Wang, Wenbing Zhang, and Kangsen Mai. "Arginine Regulates TOR Signaling Pathway through SLC38A9 in Abalone Haliotis discus hannai." Cells 10, no. 10 (September 27, 2021): 2552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10102552.
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Arginine plays an important role in the regulation of the target of the rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway, and Solute Carrier Family 38 Member 9 (SLC38A9) was identified to participate in the amino acid-dependent activation of TOR in humans. However, the regulations of arginine on the TOR signaling pathway in abalone are still unclear. In this study, slc38a9 of abalone was cloned, and the slc38a9 was knocked down and overexpressed to explore its function in the regulation of the TOR signaling pathway. The results showed that knockdown of slc38a9 decreased the expression of tor, ribosomal s6 protein kinase (s6k) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4e (eif4e) and inhibited the activation of the TOR signaling pathway by arginine. Overexpression of slc38a9 up-regulated the expression of TOR-related genes. In addition, hemocytes of abalone were treated with 0, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mmol/L of arginine, and abalones were fed diets with 1.17%, 1.68% and 3.43% of arginine, respectively, for 120 days. Supplementation of arginine (0.5–4 mmol/L) increased the expressions of slc38a9, tor, s6k and eif4e in hemocytes, and abalone fed with 1.68% of dietary arginine showed higher mRNA levels of slc38a9, tor, s6k and eif4e and phosphorylation levels of TOR, S6 and 4E-BP. In conclusion, the TOR signaling pathway of abalone can be regulated by arginine, and SLC38A9 plays an essential role in this regulation.
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Cardinaud, Marion, Annaïck Barbou, Carole Capitaine, Adeline Bidault, Antoine Marie Dujon, Dario Moraga, and Christine Paillard. "Vibrio harveyi Adheres to and Penetrates Tissues of the European Abalone Haliotis tuberculata within the First Hours of Contact." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 20 (August 8, 2014): 6328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01036-14.
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ABSTRACTVibrio harveyiis a marine bacterial pathogen responsible for episodic epidemics generally associated with massive mortalities in many marine organisms, including the European abaloneHaliotis tuberculata. The aim of this study was to identify the portal of entry and the dynamics of infection ofV. harveyiin the European abalone. The results indicate that the duration of contact betweenV. harveyiand the European abalone influences the mortality rate and precocity. Immediately after contact, the epithelial and mucosal area situated between the gills and the hypobranchial gland was colonized byV. harveyi. Real-time PCR analyses and culture quantification of a green fluorescent protein-tagged strain ofV. harveyiin abalone tissues revealed a high density of bacteria adhering to and then penetrating the whole gill-hypobranchial gland tissue after 1 h of contact.V. harveyiwas also detected in the hemolymph of a significant number of European abalones after 3 h of contact. In conclusion, this article shows that a TaqMan real-time PCR assay is a powerful and useful technique for the detection of a marine pathogen such asV. harveyiin mollusk tissue and for the study of its infection dynamics. Thus, we have revealed that the adhesion and then the penetration ofV. harveyiin European abalone organs begin in the first hours of contact. We also hypothesize that the portal of entry ofV. harveyiin the European abalone is the area situated between the gills and the hypobranchial gland.
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Chen, Min-Hsiu, I.-Wen Chen, Shu-Ting Kuo, Wen-Long Hsu, and Pen-Heng Chang. "EVALUATION OF A BACTERIOPHAGE-RELATED CHIMERIC MARINE VIRUS ASSOCIATED WITH ABALONE MORTALITY IN TAIWAN." Taiwan Veterinary Journal 40, no. 02 (June 2014): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1682648514500103.
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In the past few years, a low-rate but persistent mortality was noted in the cultured abalone in the farms. This disease affected abalone reared in the summer, and resulted in an 80% cumulative mortality in the farms. The histopathology revealed various extensive fragmentation, hyaline degeneration and necrosis of the myofibers accompanying with moderate degree of hemocyte infiltration in the foot muscle. A negative-contrast electron microscopy was unable to detect viral particles from pooled tissues. No virions were observed via the electron microscopy using direct negative staining of pooled organs. Moribund abalones were performed DNA extraction, purified and DNA sequencing. These sequenced fragments had 3370/3378 (99%), 5666/5704 (99%) and 5945/5961 (99%) identities to abalone shriveling syndrome-associated virus of China isolate. Primer sets designed from the sequences of Taiwan isolate was able to amplify a 693 bp from moribund abalone. In this study, a retrospective study by using PCR revealed that 30% (12/48) of clinical chronic mortality cases had carried bacteriophage-related chimeric marine virus. Tissues from field cases of chronic mortality were applied in in situ hybridization, but without significant signal detected. Thus, etiology of mortality cases remained elusive.
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Ishak, Ermayanti, Isdradjad Setyobudiandi, Fredinan Yulianda, Mennofatria Boer, and Bahtiar Bahtiar. "EFEK KERAGAMAN TIPE HABITAT TERHADAP STRUKTUR POPULASI DAN MORFOMETRIK ABALON HALIOTIS ASININA LINNAEUS, 1758." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 20, no. 1 (February 3, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v20i1.1484.
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Abstrak: Abalon (H.asinina) adalah kelompok gastropoda laut bernilai komersial dan tersebar di perairan Soropia Sulawesi Tenggara. H. asinina menyukai tipe habitat khusus, seperti habitat berbatu yang ditumbuhi alga dan habitat padang lamun. Bokori dan Toronipa mewakili 2 tipe habitat khusus tersebut yang lokasinya berada di perairan Soropia. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji pertumbuhan populasi abalon (H. asinina) pada habitat yang berbeda melalui hubungan dimensi morfometrik, faktor kondisi, dan komposisi kelompok ukuran. Data pertumbuhan dianalisis dengan persamaan regresi non linier menggunakan program data analisis dalam MS. Excel 2010. Hubungan antara L dengan Wt dan L dengan Lc di 2 lokasi menunjukkan hubungan yang positif dan kuat (R2 < 70%), sedangkan hubungan antara L dengan dimensi lainnya seperti Bc, Tc, Lc, dan Vc menunjukkan hubungan yang lemah. Pola pertumbuhan di Bokori terdiri atas pertumbuhan isometrik dan alometrik negatif, sedangkan Toronipa, pola pertumbuhannya alometrik negatif. Faktor kondisi rata-rata berfluktuasi setiap bulan dengan nilai tertinggi di Bokori. Perairan Bokori didominasi oleh persentase kelompok juvenil sebesar 52.22% pada kelas ukuran 27.4-49.62 mm. Toronipa didominasi oleh persentase kelompok dewasa sebesar 66.67% pada kelas ukuran 50.62-84.42 mm. Keragaman tipe habitat memengaruhi parameter pertumbuhan abalon (H.asinina). Hasil penelitian diharapkan menjadi informasi penting bagi upaya merumuskan pengelolaan sumber daya abalon yang tepat.Kata Kunci: Keragaman Habitat, Pertumbuhan, H. asinina, Morfometrik, Struktur PopulasiAbstract: Abalone (Haliotis asinina) is a marine gastropod which has commercial value. Abalone spread in the waters of Soropia, Southeast Sulawesi. H. asinina likes special habitat types, such as rocky habitats overgrown with algae and seagrass habitats. Bokori and Toronipa represent these two special habitat types which are located in Soropia waters. The study aims to assess the growth of abalone (H. asinina) populations in different habitats through the relationship of morphometric dimensions, condition factors, and composition of size groups. Growth data were analyzed by non-linear regression equations using data analysis programs in MS. Excel 2010. The relationship between L with Wt and L with Lc at 2 locations shows a positive and strong relationship (R2 <70%), while the relationship between L and other dimensions such as Bc, Tc, Lc, and Vc shows a weak relationship. Growth patterns in Bokori consist of isometric and allometric negative growths, while Toronipa, the pattern of negative allometric growth. The average condition factor fluctuates in each month of observation and the highest in Bokori. Bokori waters are dominated by percentage of juvenile groups of 52.22% in the size class of 27.4-49.62 mm. Toronipa is dominated by adult or broodstock abalone of 66.67% in the size class of 50.62-84.42 mm. Toronipa is dominated by the percentage of the adult group at 66.67% in the size class of 50.62-84.42 mm. The diversity of habitat types affects the growth parameters of abalone (H.asinina). The results of study are expected to be important information for efforts to formulate appropriate abalone resource management.Keywords: Diversity of Habitat, Growth, H. asinina, Morphometric, Population structure
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Kurnaningtyas, Frederika Niken Restu, Ishaaq Saputra, and Eko Hendri Gunawan. "Survival and Physiological Responses of Greenlip Abalone (Haliotis laevigata) under Simulated Live Transport." Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health 11, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jafh.v11i1.25695.
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Greenlip abalone (Haliotis laevigata) are high-value marine bivalves. In order to preserve the quality, most of edible aquatic animals were transported in live conditions. In addition, keep the condition at low temperature is considered as the best way to reduce the stress level of the animal. However, this method is still poorly understood in greenlip abalone. The present study examines the effects of pre-cooled (±14 °C) and non-precooled (±21 °C) temperature treatments on survival and physiological responses such as total haemocyte count, phagocytic assay, lysosomal assay, and lactate of live abalone during transport simulation at time intervals of 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours. Results indicated that pre-cooling treatment prior to transport increased the survival rate and minimised weight loss. The lactate levels were significantly higher in the abalones that were not cooled prior to transport. Both animals that were pre-cooled and those that were not cooled prior to aerial transport simulation showed increases in total haemocyte count and a decrease in phagocytic activity, which indicates that live transport has an impact on their immunity. The present study indicated that the importance of pre-cooling treatment before transportation to preserve the condition of live abalone.
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Huang, Jianfang, Mingcan Zhou, Jianming Chen, and Caihuan Ke. "Molecular Cloning, Characterization, and Function of Insulin-Related Peptide 1 (IRP1) in the Haliotis discus hanna." Genes 15, no. 7 (July 22, 2024): 960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes15070960.
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Abalone is a popular mollusk in the marine aquaculture industry of China. However, existing challenges, like slow growth, individual miniaturization, and the absence of abundant abalone, have emerged as significant obstacles impeding its long-term progress in aquaculture. Studies have demonstrated that insulin-related peptide (IRP) is a crucial factor in the growth of marine organisms. However, limited studies have been conducted on IRP in abalone. This study indicated that the hdh-MIRP1 open reading frame (ORF) was composed of 456 base pairs, which encoded 151 amino acids. Based on the gene expression and immunofluorescence analyses, the cerebral ganglion of Haliotis discus hannai (H. discus hannai) was the primary site of hdh-MIRP1 mRNA expression. Moreover, hdh-MIRP1 expression was observed to be higher in the larger group than in the smaller group abalones. Only single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was related to their growth characteristics. However, approximately 82 proteins that may interact with hdh-MIRP1 were identified. The functional enrichment analysis of the 82 genes indicated that hdh-MIRP1 may be involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism and the process of growth. This study established a benchwork for further investigating the role of IRP in the growth of abalone.
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Dong, Jiaxu, Xiaoyan Fang, Huihui Wang, Xu Zhang, and Xueheng Tao. "Abalone Muscle Texture Evaluation and Prediction Based on TPA Experiment." Journal of Food Quality 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2069470.
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The effects of different heat treatments on abalones’ texture properties and sensory characteristics were studied. Thermal processing of abalone muscle was analyzed to determine the optimal heat treatment condition based on fuzzy evaluation. The results showed that heat treatment at 85°C for 1 hour had certain desirable effects on the properties of the abalone meat. Specifically, a back propagation (BP) neural network was introduced to predict the equations of statistically significant sensory hardness, springiness, and smell using the texture data gained through TPA (texture profile analysis) experiments as input and sensory evaluation data as the desired output. The final outcome was that the predictability was proved to be satisfactory, with an average error of 6.93%.
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Tegner, Mia J. "Southern California Abalones: Can Stocks Be Rebuilt Using Marine Harvest Refugia?" Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50, no. 9 (September 1, 1993): 2010–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f93-225.
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Recovery of the isolated Palos Verdes Peninsula (PVP) kelp forest community after severe disturbance offers important implications for the design of marine harvest refugia. In 1977, part of the Southern California mainland coast was closed to abalone fishing to promote natural recovery. Pink (Haliotis corrugata) and green (Haliotis fulgens) abalones, historically the more abundant haliotids at PVP, did not respond. Nearby islands had substantial stocks, but the short planktonic period of green abalone larvae suggested that dispersal between isolated beds was uncommon. A drift tube study supported this hypothesis and stressed the importance of local brood stock. An experimental transplant of green abalone brood stock into sites where the drift tube data suggested high probability of larval retention led to a dramatic increase in juvenile abundance, a pattern not seen at distant controls. Other taxa with different distributions and larval periods further support the importance of dispersal potential to the natural recovery of depleted stocks. Thus, refugia design must consider the life history of target species, the oceanographic regime and distances from source areas, as well as the feasibility of enforcement.
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Zhang, Ting, Hui Zhu, Juan Wang, Xiaozhi Lin, Jiangyong Wang, Yisheng Huang, Bing Li, Hongli Mou, Xilan Ma, and Ruixuan Wang. "Monitoring Bacterial Community Dynamics in Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) and the Correlations Associated with Aquatic Diseases." Water 14, no. 11 (May 31, 2022): 1769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14111769.
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Bacteria are an integral component of their host. However, information about the microbiota living in and around many aquatic animals is lacking. In this study, multiplex bar-coded pyrosequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was used to monitor the dynamics of abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, bacterial communities in the intestine, water from cement culture ponds, and surrounding sea areas. Correlations between the bacterial communities and common aquaculture diseases were also evaluated. A total of 329,798 valid sequences and 15,277 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from 32 samples were obtained by 454 tag amplicon pyrosequencing. The Shannon indices of the seawater samples ranged from 2.84 to 5.6 and the Shannon indices of the abalone intestine samples ranged from 1.2 to 5.12, which were much lower than those of seawater. The dominant phyla in seawater samples were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, Cyanobacteria, etc. The dominant phyla in the abalone intestine varied greatly in different months. The dominant genera in the seawater of the cement culture ponds changed in different months, mainly Psychrilyobacter and Pseudoalteromonas. The dominant genera in seawater from the open sea vary considerably between months. The dominant genus of bacteria in the abalone intestine during the months when abalones are susceptible to disease is mainly Mycoplasma spp. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that bacterial communities in seawater and the intestine responded differently to environmental variables, with similar microbiota in the same area. pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, and temperature were closely related to the samples from the sea area. Oxidation-reduction potential, salinity, phosphate, nitrate, and ammonia nitrogen concentrations were closely related to the water samples from the artificial pools. These findings may add significantly to our understanding of the complex interactions between microbiota and environmental variables in the abalone intestine as well as in the surrounding seawater.
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Chun, Ji-Yeon, Yeon-Ji Jo, Jun-Bo Shim, Sang-Gi Min, and Geun-Pyo Hong. "Comparison of Moisture Sorption Isotherms and Quality Characteristics of Freeze-Dried and Boiled-Dried Abalone." International Journal of Food Engineering 11, no. 4 (August 1, 2015): 573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijfe-2015-0014.
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Abstract This study investigated the moisture sorption isotherm (MSI) profiles of freeze-dried (FD) and boiled-dried (BD) abalone at 15°C, 25°C, and 35°C, and compared the quality characteristics of the abalone after rehydration. The equilibrium moisture content (EMC) and the calculated monolayer moisture content of FD abalone were higher than those of BD abalone. After rehydration, FD abalone showed a higher yield and a lower shear force than BD abalone. Additionally, the appearance of FD abalone was similar to that of fresh abalone, reflecting a potential application of FD to produce value-added dried abalone.
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Hassan, Abdul Lathiff Inamul, Thomas S. Mock, Kieren Searle, Melissa M. Rocker, Giovanni M. Turchini, and David S. Francis. "Optimal Dietary Protein Requirement of Subadult Australian Hybrid Abalone (Haliotis rubra × Haliotis laevigata) at Different Rearing Temperatures." Aquaculture Research 2023 (February 4, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1676340.
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Australian abalone aquaculture is characterised by a prolonged culture period and slow and variable growth, and abalone is cultured in fluctuating water temperatures ranging between 10 and 25°C with distinct seasons. Temperature is a crucial environmental factor influencing abalone’s physiology and energetics, leading to a change in nutritional requirements. However, feeds are generally formulated to match the nutritional requirements at their optimal temperature. Hence, there is a need to optimise dietary protein levels to match temperature-specific requirements during extreme conditions (winter and summer). Given this, a growth trial evaluating five experimental feeds consisting of graded protein inclusion levels (320, 350, 380, 410, and 440 g·kg−1) was conducted on subadult hybrid abalone (Haliotis rubra × H. laevigata) at three different temperatures reflecting winter (12°C), summer (22°C), and the annual average water temperature (17°C) for 143 days. At lower water temperature (12°C), there was a marginal improvement in growth performance as dietary protein levels increased from 320 to 440 g·kg−1. However, at higher water temperatures (when the culture water temperature is above 17°C), there was a significant improvement in growth performance as dietary protein levels increased from 320 to 440 g·kg−1 as evidenced by an improved weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio. Furthermore, increasing dietary protein levels did not compromise the nutritional quality of the abalone tissue at all three tested temperatures. Therefore, during periods of higher water temperatures, feeding Australian hybrid abalone with a relatively high dietary protein level (410 g·kg−1) is expected to result in improved growth, shorter culture duration, and profit maximisation.
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Matsuyama, Tomomasa, Ikunari Kiryu, Mari Inada, Tomokazu Takano, Yuta Matsuura, and Takashi Kamaishi. "Susceptibility of Four Abalone Species, Haliotis gigantea, Haliotis discus discus, Haliotis discus hannai and Haliotis diversicolor, to Abalone asfa-like Virus." Viruses 13, no. 11 (November 20, 2021): 2315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13112315.
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Abalone amyotrophia is a viral disease that causes mass mortality of juvenile Haliotis discus and H. madaka. Although the cause of this disease has yet to be identified, we had previously postulated a novel virus with partial genome sequence similarity to that of African swine fever virus is the causative agent and proposed abalone asfa-like virus (AbALV) as a provisional name. In this study, three species of juvenile abalone (H. gigantea, H. discus discus, and H. diversicolor) and four species of adult abalone (the above three species plus H. discus hannai) were experimentally infected, and their susceptibility to AbALV was investigated by recording mortality, quantitatively determining viral load by PCR, and conducting immunohistological studies. In the infection test using 7-month-old animals, H. gigantea, which was previously reported to be insusceptible to the disease, showed multiplication of the virus to the same extent as in H. discus discus, resulting in mass mortality. H. discus discus at 7 months old showed abnormal cell masses, notches in the edge of the shell and brown pigmentation inside of the shell, which are histopathological and external features of this disease, while H. gigantea did not show any of these characteristics despite suffering high mortality. Adult abalones had low mortality and viral replication in all species; however, all three species, except H. diversicolor, became carriers of the virus. In immunohistological observations, cells positive for viral antigens were detected predominantly in the gills of juvenile H. discus discus and H. gigantea, and mass mortality was observed in these species. In H. diversicolor, neither juvenile nor adult mortality from infection occurred, and the AbALV genome was not increased by experimental infection through cohabitation or injection. Our results suggest that H. gigantea, H. discus discus and H. discus hannai are susceptible to AbALV, while H. diversicolor is not. These results confirmed that AbALV is the etiological agent of abalone amyotrophia.
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Yudiastuti, Kadek, I. Gusti Bagus Sila Dharma, and Ni Luh Putu Ria Puspitha. "Laju Pertumbuhan Rumput Laut Gracilaria sp Melalui Budidaya IMTA (Integrated Multi Trophic Aquaculture) di Pantai Geger, Nusa Dua, Kabupaten Badung, Bali." Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences 4, no. 2 (October 31, 2017): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmas.2018.v4.i02.191-203.
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Gracilaria sp is red alga which belong to class rhodophyceae. It can grow in shallow salt water with a general characteristic is having a cylindrical and branched thallus form. Seaweed cultivation can be performed through IMTA (Integrated Multi Trophic Aquaculture) method. The basic principle of cultivation through the IMTA method is utilizing service of the low thropic level species in marine ecosystems, such as shells and seaweed. This method is believed to be able to overcome the environmental problems caused by cultivation activities, such as feces and uneaten feed. This research was perfomed 45 days, from February 25 to April 11, 2017. It was held at Geger Beach, Nusa Dua, Badung Regency, Bali, using a complete randomized design method that consist of three treatments and three repetition for each treatment. Treatment control (T1) consisted of 10 bunches of seaweed 100 grams without the abalone, treatement 2 (T2) consisted of 10 bunches of seaweed 100 grams and 20 abalones and treatement 3 (T3) consisted of 10 bunches of seaweed 100 grams and 40 abalones. The result showed that specific growth rate in Gracilaria sp. was highest in treatment T1, compared to treatment T2 and T3. This was caused by the cage construction of abalone amd the present of small mesh size net to cover the seaweed planting, which made the growth was not optimal. However, the use of a nets system in seaweed cultivation could minimize the loss of thallus. It was proved by the survival rate of seaweed in first, second and third, that is averagely high, ranging from 90% to 100%. Physical and chemical water quality parameters are also measured, and It showed that the water quality was suitable for the cultivation of both, seaweed and abalone.
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Straus, Kristina M., and Carolyn S. Friedman. "Restoration aquaculture of the pinto abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana kamtschatkana Jonas): impacts of rearing method on behaviour, growth and survivorship in the hatchery." Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 10 (2009): 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08262.
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Pinto abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana kamtschatkana) populations in Washington State (USA) and British Columbia (Canada) continue to decline despite fisheries closures. For successful recovery, supplementation may be necessary. To determine appropriate culture methods, juveniles were reared in habitat-enriched tanks (supplemented with rocks, macroalgae and sea urchins) or conventional aquaculture tanks and assessed for growth and survivorship in the laboratory over 15 months. No differences in survivorship or growth were observed. Subsequent experiments examined whether abalone behaviour (habitat selection and movement patterns) differed between rearing treatments. Abalone were exposed to one of three predator treatments (sea star arm, small crab, or no predator (control)) and filmed for 8 h. Abalone from habitat-enriched tanks changed habitats significantly more often than abalone from conventional tanks regardless of predator treatment. Significant differences in the percentage of time that abalone occupied the various habitats were also observed. Abalone in the sea star and control treatments primarily occupied the rocks, whereas abalone in the crab treatment behaved differently depending on the rearing method; conventionally reared abalone spent more time in corners, whereas abalone from habitat-enriched tanks spent more time exposed. These results demonstrate that rearing conditions can affect abalone behaviour and should be considered for abalone restoration efforts worldwide.
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MALHI, NAVREET, ALISON TURNBULL, JESSICA TAN, ANDREAS KIERMEIER, RAMA NIMMAGADDA, and CATHERINE McLEOD. "A National Survey of Marine Biotoxins in Wild-Caught Abalone in Australia." Journal of Food Protection 77, no. 11 (November 1, 2014): 1960–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-221.
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The first national survey of Australian wild-caught abalone was conducted between September 2012 and December 2013. The aim of the survey was to determine the presence of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), amnesic shellfish toxins (ASTs), and diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs) in wild-caught abalone at levels above the current Codex marine biotoxin limits during the 2013 fishing season. Abalone (n = 190) were collected from 68 abalone-fishing blocks for which the combined annual harvest accounts for 80% of Australian production. Concurrent seawater samples were collected and enumerated for potentially toxic phytoplankton. The foot and viscera tissues of each abalone sample were analyzed separately for PSTs, ASTs, and DSTs. No samples (abalone foot or viscera) contained toxins at levels exceeding the marine biotoxin limits stipulated by Codex. The resulting prevalence estimate suggests that less than 1.6% of the commercially caught wild abalone population in Australia were contaminated with marine biotoxins at levels above the regulatory limit during the survey period. ASTs were detected at very low (trace) levels in the foot and viscera tissue of four and three abalone samples, respectively. To our knowledge, this represents the first reported detection of domoic acid in Australian abalone. PSTs also were detected at very low levels in 17 samples of abalone foot tissue and 6 samples of abalone viscera. The association between the low levels of ASTs and PSTs detected in abalone and the presence of potential toxin-producing phytoplankton in seawater samples was weak. DSTs were not detected in any abalone despite the detection of very low levels of DST-producing phytoplankton in a small number (9 of 77) of seawater samples. The results of this survey should be useful for public health risk assessments and provide additional evidence that the prevalence of marine biotoxins in Australian wild-caught abalone is very low.
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Zhang, Chengyuan. "Using Abalone’s Physical Features to Predict its Age." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 47 (May 11, 2023): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v47i.8171.
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Abalone is one of the most delicious and highly-prized seafood around the world, its deliciousness also makes the abalone industry a non-negligible part of the global economic circle, a lot of people and countries rely on abalone for their lives and economy. Therefore, it means a lot for us to study about abalone and it’s population. However, as a necessary step when studying about abalone, getting the age of abalone is a very complicated and time-consuming task. That’s why we need a model to help us predict the age of abalone according to it’s physical measurements which are easy to acquire. The project considered three models, linear regression model, polynomial regression model and Random Forest. 10-fold cross validation is used to compute the mean square error, multiple R square is also considered when evaluating the models. In the results, the polynomial model is the best model among three models, with lowest mean square error and largest R-square. The research provides us with a model to get the age of abalone in an easy and convenient way, which makes the study about abalone more convenient and thus be beneficial for the development of abalone industry.
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Bettinger, Jim. "Abalone." Steinbeck Studies 15, no. 1 (2004): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/stn.2004.0003.
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Soelistyowati, Dinar Tri, Aldilla Kusumawardhani, and Muhammad Zairin Junior. "Phenotype characterization of interspecific hybrid abalone Haliotis asinina and Haliotis squamata seed." Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 12, no. 1 (January 17, 2014): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.19027/jai.12.25-30.
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<p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Abalone is one of sea-water aquaculture commodity that having relatively low in growth and survival. Interspesific hybridization between abalone <em>Haliotis asinina</em> and <em>Haliotis squamata</em> is required to produce hybrid seeds having a better phenotype inherited from their parents. Crossbreeding of abalone was done in the reciprocal procedure with a natural spawning technique on mass scale. The hybrid seeds showed higher similarity with female brood (98,69%), while the larvae from <em>H. squamata </em>× <em>H. asinina</em> were abnormal on trocophore until early veliger phase then dead occurred the next phase. The results showed that hybridization between male <em>H. asinina</em> and female <em>H. squamata</em> had higher fertilization and hatching rate than its reciprocal i.e. 76.01±6.15% and 60.14±4.80%.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Keywords: interspesific hybridization, phenotype, <em>Haliotis asinina</em>, <em>Haliotis squamata</em>, abalone</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Abalon merupakan komoditas budidaya laut dengan pertumbuhan yang relatif lambat dan kelangsungan hidupnya rendah. Rekayasa persilangan interspesifik antara abalon <em>Haliotis asinina</em> dan <em>Haliotis squamata</em> diharapkan mampu mengatasi permasalahan benih dan memiliki fenotipe unggul yang diwariskan dari tetuanya. Persilangan abalon dilakukan secara resiprok dengan teknik pemijahan alami skala massal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa benih hibrida menunjukkan kemiripan dengan induknya sebesar 98,69%, sedangkan larva hibrida antara jantan <em>H. squamata </em>× <em>H. asinina</em> menunjukkan bentuk abnormal pada fase trokofor hingga veliger awal dan kematian pada fase lanjut. Hibridisasi antara jantan <em>H. asinina</em> dan betina <em>H. squamata</em> memiliki derajat pembuahan dan derajat penetasan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan resiprokalnya, yaitu berturut-turut 76,01±6,15% dan 60,14±4,80%.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Kata kunci: hibridisasi interspesifik, fenotipe, <em>Haliotis asinina</em>, <em>Haliotis squamata</em>, abalon</p><p> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"> </p>
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Iba, Wa. "NUTRITION REQUIREMENT OF CULTURED ABALONE POST LARVAE AND JUVENILES: A REVIEW." Indonesian Aquaculture Journal 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2008): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/iaj.3.1.2008.45-57.
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Abalone aquaculture attracts wide attention nowadays because of its high market value and depleted of wild stocks. China and Japan are the main producer of abalone from aquaculture followed by other countries such as New Zealand, Australia and US. Most of cultured abalone are temperate species but considerable research efforts have been made to culture tropical abalone in the Philippines, Thailand, and Indonesia. Most of abalone culture still depends on natural food but recent studies have been conducted to develop artificial diet for abalone. This will not only reduce wild harvest of macrolagae but also develop high nutrition diet at low cost. Successful abalone aquaculture is determined by correct nutrition supplement in the diet. As other cultured animal, abalone requires balanced nutrition of carbohydrate, protein, lipid, vitamins, and minerals. As herbivores, abalone can utilize carbohydrate efficiently as energy source and thus only requires low level of protein (range from 27%—40%). Lipid requirements range from 3%—5% while some minerals such as calcium and phosphorus in artificial feed are only needed in small amount, 0.5% of calcium in diets and 0.7% of phosphorus in the diet can improve the growth rate of abalone. There is not available information of vitamin upplementation in the diet but it is suggested that natural food meets the requirement.
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Vater, Ashley, Barbara A. Byrne, Blythe C. Marshman, Lauren W. Ashlock, and James D. Moore. "Differing responses of red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) and white abalone (H. sorenseni) to infection with phage-associated Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis." PeerJ 6 (June 25, 2018): e5104. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5104.
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The Rickettsiales-like prokaryote and causative agent of Withering Syndrome (WS)—Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis (Ca. Xc)—decimated black abalone populations along the Pacific coast of North America. White abalone—Haliotis sorenseni—are also susceptible to WS and have become nearly extinct in the wild due to overfishing in the 1970s. Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis proliferates within epithelial cells of the abalone gastrointestinal tract and causes clinical signs of starvation. In 2012, evidence of a putative bacteriophage associated with Ca. Xc in red abalone—Haliotis rufescens—was described. Recently, histologic examination of animals with Ca. Xc infection in California abalone populations universally appear to have the phage-containing inclusions. In this study, we investigated the current virulence of Ca. Xc in red abalone and white abalone at different environmental temperatures. Using a comparative experimental design, we observed differences over time between the two abalone species in mortality, body condition, and bacterial load by quantitative real time PCR (qPCR). By day 251, all white abalone exposed to the current variant of Ca. Xc held in the warm water (18.5 °C) treatment died, while red abalone exposed to the same conditions had a mortality rate of only 10%, despite a relatively heavy bacterial burden as determined by qPCR of posterior esophagus tissue and histological assessment at the termination of the experiment. These data support the current status of Ca. Xc as less virulent in red abalone, and may provide correlative evidence of a protective phage interaction. However, white abalone appear to remain highly susceptible to this disease. These findings have important implications for implementation of a white abalone recovery program, particularly with respect to the thermal regimes of locations where captively-reared individuals will be outplanted.
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Shepherd, S. A., and L. D. Brown. "What is an Abalone Stock: Implications for the Role of Refugia in Conservation." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50, no. 9 (September 1, 1993): 2001–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f93-224.
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This paper concerns the conservation of abalone stocks in a genetic and fisheries sense. We review genetic and ecological information relating to the differentiation of abalone stocks in South Australia and propose that metapopulation theory provides an apt framework in which to develop the concept of an abalone stock. We consider what is a minimum viable population for abalone and illustrate our discussion with a case study of an abalone population that declined through a combination of fishing, recruitment failure, and inadequate protection by a refugium. Refugia can play an important role in abalone conservation by maintaining egg production and genetic diversity and by preserving populations for scientific study.
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Mu'minun, Nona, Sutia Budi, and Erni Indrawati. "ANALISIS EKSTRAK ABALON TROPIS HALIOTIS ASININA TERHADAP GAMBARAN REGENERASI LUKA SIRIP KAUDAL IKAN NILA OREOCHROMIS SP." Journal of Aquaculture and Environment 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2024): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.35965/jae.v6i2.3135.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas ekstrak visceral abalon tropis haliotis asinine dalam percepatan regenerasi luka sirip kaudal ikan nila (Oreochromis) dan menganalisis efektivitas simplisia mucus abalon tropis haliotis asinine dalam percepatan regenerasi luka sirip kaudal ikan nila (Oreochromis). Penelitian ini dilaksananakan di bulan Juli tahun 2023 bertempat di bertempat di Lembaga Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi Sumberdaya Perikanan dan Kelautan (LP2T-SPK) Konawe Sulawesi Tenggara. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah eksperimen pre post test only control group design dengan uji analisis data menggunakan uji nonparametrik yaitu Uji Kruskal Wallis. Hasil analisis penelitian menunjukan bahwa ekstrak visceral abalon tropis Haliotis asinina terbukti paling efektif dalam mempercepat regenerasi histologi luka sirip kaudal pada ikan nila (Nila oreochromis) dibandingkan dengan kelompok perlakuan mucus dan kelompok kontrol dengan tingkat kemaknaan (U = 0,000 p = 0,000). This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the visceral extract of tropical abalone Haliotis asinina in accelerating the regeneration of caudal fin wound of tilapia (Oreochromis). This research was carried out in July 2023 at the Institute for the Assessment and Application of Fisheries and Marine Resources Technology (LP2T-SPK) Konawe, Southeast Sulawesi. The design of this study was an experimental pre post test only control group design with data analysis using a nonparametric test, namely the Kruskal Wallis Test. The resulth of the study showed that the visceral extract of tropical abalone Haliotis asinina proved to be the most effective in accelerating the histological regeneration of caudal fin wounds of tilapia (Nila oreochromis) compared to the mucus treatment group and the control group with a significance level (U = 0.000 p = 0.000).