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Journal articles on the topic 'Abalone culture'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 July 2024

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1

Heru Prihadi, Tri, Rasidi, Idil Ardi, Ani Widiyati, and Dwi Budi Wiyanto. "Potency of Different Seaweeds as Diets for Developing Abalone (H. squamata) Culture in Nusa Penida Island, Bali." E3S Web of Conferences 47 (2018): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184702004.

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Nusa Penida island is one of center for seaweed culture in Bali province. Seaweed that cultured is Euchema spinosum and Euchema cottoni spread around coastal. There also found wild seaweed, such as Ulva sp and Gracillaria sp. Abalone (H. squamata) is one of kind Mollusca which high economic value, but abalone cultured is not yet develop in Nusa Penida island, although this island have high potency for developing abalone culture. Abalone culture needs seaweeds as a diet. The abundance of seaweeds as abalon diet is important for developing abalon culture in Nusa Penida Island in the future. The aim of this research was to asses the potency of seaweeds as diet for developing abalone culture in Nusa Penida island. Research was done in Batununggul village, Nusa Penida Island. Experimental design was used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were used different seaweeds as diet for abalone culture: (DG=Diet Gracillaria sp, DS=Diet Spinosum sp. and DU=Diet Ulva sp.). Abalon were cultured for 4 months by feeding the diet at satiation. Data analysis was used analysis varian (Anova) with SPSS. 16. The result showed abalon fed with Gracillaria sp (DG) at 4.73 g was the highest growth by 4.73 g, followed DU by 3.93 g and DS by 3.43 g. Meanwhile the abalon shell length fed with Gracillaria sp (DG) was the highest growth by 6.55 mm, followed DU by 5.97 mm and DS by 5.60 mm. Based on variant analysis showed growth performance (length shell and weight) abalon, all treatments were not significantly different (P>0.05). The conclusion this research, the three species of seaweed can be used as diet for abalone culture. These seaweeds have same potency as diet for developing abalone culture in Nusa Penida Island
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2

Giri, I. Nyoman Adiasmara, Tatam Sutarmat, Hirmawan Tirta Yudha, Ibnu Rusdi, and Bambang Susanto. "GROW-OUT OF ABALONE Haliotis squamata IN FLOATING CAGES FED DIFFERENT PROPORTIONS OF SEAWEED AND WITH REDUCTION OF STOCKING DENSITY." Indonesian Aquaculture Journal 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/iaj.9.1.2014.15-21.

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Abalone is a herbivore marine animal which feeds on seaweed. Abalone culture has a good prospect in terms of price, market share and simple culture technique. Thus, a study was conducted with the aim of finding out an effective and efficient abalone culture technique in terms of feed use and density. In this study, a 42 cm diameter plastic container with a 22 cm height was used. Three vertically arranged containers were used as the experimental group which were put into a net box and hung onto a raft so that the containers were placed in a 4 m depth below the sea surface. The juvenile of abalones being used came from a hatchery production that has been adapted to cages environment with Gracilaria sp. and Ulva sp. feed. The initial density of abalones was 450 for each container, with the initial weight of 2.6-3.2 g and the 2.5-2.7 cm shell lengths. The abalones were fed with Gracilaria sp. and Ulva sp. seaweeds with different Gracilaria sp./Ulva sp. proportions, i.e. 100/0% (A); 80/20% (B); and 60/40% (C) as the treatments. Each treatment consisted of two replications. After three months of rearing period, densities of abalones were reduced to be 190 for each experimental unit. Weight and shell length of abalones were measured every month by measuring 25 abalone samples from each experimental unit. The result of the experiment showed that the increase in the Ulva sp. proportion in the feed increased the growth of abalones and decreased the feed conversion. Feeding with Gracilaria sp./Ulva sp. proportion of 60%/40% allowed the best growth of abalones. The decrease of abalone density in the experimental unit after three months of rearing also produced an increase in their growth.
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3

Supriyono, Eddy, Debora Victoria Liubana, Tatag Budiardi, and Irzal Effendi. "The addition of calcium oxide with different doses in the recirculation system to improve the abalone Haliotis squamata seed production." Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 19, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.19027/jai.19.2.199-206.

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Information about abalone growth is necessary to overcome the abalone culture sustainability. Water quality parameters are aspects that need to be reviewed, one of which is the calcium level in the water. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal calcium dose in recirculation system for abalone (Haliotis squamata) growth. The study was conducted with an experimental method with four treatments (calcium oxide with doses of 0, 15, 30, 45 mg/L) and three times replications. Abalone with 2.3 g body weight, 2.3 cm shell length, and 1.2 cm shell width was reared for 60 days in recirculation system and fed with Gracilaria verrucosa. The results showed that the best abalone treatment medium with the addition of calcium oxide to increase the abalone seed production was 15 mg/L CaO with 100% survival rate, 31.57±2.82% feed efficiency, and 0.56±0.06%/day specific growth rate. Keywords: Abalone, calcium, organ composition, production, recirculation ABSTRAK Informasi tentang pertumbuhan abalon diperlukan untuk mengatasi keberlanjutan budidaya abalon. Parameter kualitas air merupakan aspek yang perlu ditinjau. Kadar kalsium dalam air menjadi salah satu aspek yang dapat ditinjau.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan dosis kalsium optimal melalui sistem resirkulasi untuk pertumbuhan abalon Haliotis squamata. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode eksperimental dengan empat perlakuan 3 ulangan penambahan CaO dengan dosis 0, 15, 30, dan 45 mg/L. Secara singkat, abalon dengan bobot badan 2,3 g, panjang cangkang 2,3 cm dan lebar cangkang 1,2 cm dipelihara selama 60 hari dengan sistem resirkulasi dan diberi makan dengan Gracilaria verrucosa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media perlakuan abalon dengan penambahan kalsium oksida terbaik untuk meningkatkan produksi abalon adalah CaO 15 mg/L dengan tingkat kelangsungan hidup 100%, efisiensi pakan 31,57 ± 2,82 %, dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik harian 0.56 ± 0.06%/hari. Kata kunci: Abalon, kalsium, komposisi organ, produksi, resirkulasi
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4

Chen, Li, and John Ryan. "Abalone in Diasporic Chinese Culture: The Transformation of Biocultural Traditions through Engagement with the Western Australian Environment." Heritage 1, no. 1 (July 19, 2018): 122–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage1010009.

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In October 2017, the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development of Western Australia (WA) promulgated a new regulation on recreational abalone harvesting. A notable change was that, from 2017 on, the annual fishing season in the West Coast Zone was reduced to four days, from every December on Saturdays only. During the last decade, WA’s abalone fishing regulations have been overhauled frequently because of depleting local stocks. Worldwide, the marine heatwave resulting from climate change and illegal overfishing are considered the two principal reasons for abalone’s decline. Today, the highly lucrative abalone market has attracted more participants in recreational fishing in Perth, WA. Based on Asian natural heritage traditions and employing a multispecies sensory ethnographic methodology, this article provides an in-depth case study of the interaction between the local Chinese diaspora and the environment as represented in abalone harvesting practices. Between 2014 and 2016, the authors conducted one-on-one and focus group interviews with Chinese immigrants to Perth, WA, and also participated in abalone harvesting. The analysis reveals a suite of environmental influences on local Chinese diasporic life through heterogeneous forms of interaction between abalone and Perth-area Chinese immigrants.
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5

Permana, Gusti Ngurah, Ibnu Rusdi, Reagan Septory, and Hendra Agung Kurniawan. "PENDEDERAN ABALON, Haliotis squamata KEPADATAN TINGGI DENGAN SISTEM TANGKI AIR MENGALIR Tangki air Mengalir." Media Akuakultur 16, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/ma.16.2.2021.65-72.

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Teknologi budidaya abalon telah tersedia dan dilakukan dengan berbagai metode budidaya pendederan dan pembesaran. Namun, hingga saat ini belum berkembang di masyarakat karena kurangnya minat pengusaha/pembudidaya abalon untuk mengaplikasikan secara komersial. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kualitas dan kuantitas benih belum stabil, pertumbuhan lambat, biaya tinggi, dan memerlukan waktu pemeliharaan lebih lama. Oleh karena itu, perlu diupayakan metode yang lebih sederhana dengan biaya murah untuk pembesaran abalon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan pertumbuhan dan produksi abalon dengan padat tebar berbeda pada sistem-sistem tangki air mengalir. Benih abalon dipelihara di bak beton ukuran 12 m x 0,8 m x 0,8 m; kepadatan 70% dan 80% dari luasan dasar bak. Sementara untuk menghitung kelayakan usaha, rumus yang digunakan adalah revenue cost ratio (R/C). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan panjang, lebar dan bobot cangkang pada densitas 70% lebih baik dibandingkan dengan densitas 80%. Kepadatan 70% menghasilkan 8,98% peningkatan hasil biomassa dan kematian 6,51% lebih tinggi dari kepadatan 80%. Berdasarkan analisis ekonomi, sistem pembibitan ini layak secara ekonomi di mana padat tebar 70% dari total luas dasar memiliki keuntungan finansial terbaik.Breeding technology for abalone is available, and its farming can be done using different nursery and grow-out methods. However, abalone farming has not yet been commercially practiced due to the lack of interest from fish entrepreneurs/fish farmers. This is due to several factors related to the quality and quantity of seeds, such as inconsistent availability, slow growth, high cost, and long culture was period. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a simpler and inexpensive method to culture abalone. This research aimed to improve the rearing technique for abalone. Two concrete tanks of 12 m x 0.8 m x 0.8 m in size were used in which abalone seeds were stocked with stocking densities of 70% and 80% of the bottom area. The concrete tanks were equipped with a flow-through water circulation system. The business feasibility of the culture system was calculated using the revenue cost ratio (R/C) formula. The results showed that the growth in length, shell width and weight at a density of 70% was better than that of the density of 80%. The density of 70% resulted in an 8.98% increase in biomass yield and a 6.51% mortality higher than a density of 80%. Based on the economic analysis, this nursery system is economically feasible where the stocking density of 70% of the total bottom area has the best financial return.
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6

Hassan, Abdul Lathiff Inamul, Thomas S. Mock, Kieren Searle, Melissa M. Rocker, Giovanni M. Turchini, and David S. Francis. "Optimal Dietary Protein Requirement of Subadult Australian Hybrid Abalone (Haliotis rubra × Haliotis laevigata) at Different Rearing Temperatures." Aquaculture Research 2023 (February 4, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1676340.

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Australian abalone aquaculture is characterised by a prolonged culture period and slow and variable growth, and abalone is cultured in fluctuating water temperatures ranging between 10 and 25°C with distinct seasons. Temperature is a crucial environmental factor influencing abalone’s physiology and energetics, leading to a change in nutritional requirements. However, feeds are generally formulated to match the nutritional requirements at their optimal temperature. Hence, there is a need to optimise dietary protein levels to match temperature-specific requirements during extreme conditions (winter and summer). Given this, a growth trial evaluating five experimental feeds consisting of graded protein inclusion levels (320, 350, 380, 410, and 440 g·kg−1) was conducted on subadult hybrid abalone (Haliotis rubra × H. laevigata) at three different temperatures reflecting winter (12°C), summer (22°C), and the annual average water temperature (17°C) for 143 days. At lower water temperature (12°C), there was a marginal improvement in growth performance as dietary protein levels increased from 320 to 440 g·kg−1. However, at higher water temperatures (when the culture water temperature is above 17°C), there was a significant improvement in growth performance as dietary protein levels increased from 320 to 440 g·kg−1 as evidenced by an improved weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio. Furthermore, increasing dietary protein levels did not compromise the nutritional quality of the abalone tissue at all three tested temperatures. Therefore, during periods of higher water temperatures, feeding Australian hybrid abalone with a relatively high dietary protein level (410 g·kg−1) is expected to result in improved growth, shorter culture duration, and profit maximisation.
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7

Iba, Wa. "NUTRITION REQUIREMENT OF CULTURED ABALONE POST LARVAE AND JUVENILES: A REVIEW." Indonesian Aquaculture Journal 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2008): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/iaj.3.1.2008.45-57.

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Abalone aquaculture attracts wide attention nowadays because of its high market value and depleted of wild stocks. China and Japan are the main producer of abalone from aquaculture followed by other countries such as New Zealand, Australia and US. Most of cultured abalone are temperate species but considerable research efforts have been made to culture tropical abalone in the Philippines, Thailand, and Indonesia. Most of abalone culture still depends on natural food but recent studies have been conducted to develop artificial diet for abalone. This will not only reduce wild harvest of macrolagae but also develop high nutrition diet at low cost. Successful abalone aquaculture is determined by correct nutrition supplement in the diet. As other cultured animal, abalone requires balanced nutrition of carbohydrate, protein, lipid, vitamins, and minerals. As herbivores, abalone can utilize carbohydrate efficiently as energy source and thus only requires low level of protein (range from 27%—40%). Lipid requirements range from 3%—5% while some minerals such as calcium and phosphorus in artificial feed are only needed in small amount, 0.5% of calcium in diets and 0.7% of phosphorus in the diet can improve the growth rate of abalone. There is not available information of vitamin upplementation in the diet but it is suggested that natural food meets the requirement.
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8

Arta, I. Made Subali Arta, I. Gusti Ngurah Putra Dirgayusa, and Ni Luh Putu Ria Puspitha. "Perbandingan Laju Pertumbuhan Abalon (Haliotis squamata) Menggunakan Metode Co-culture Dan Monoculture di Pantai Geger, Nusa Dua, Kabupaten Badung, Bali." Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmas.2021.v07.i02.p12.

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This research was conducted at Geger Beach, Nusa Dua, Bali for 60 days. The purpose of this study was to find out the ratio of abalone growth rate (Haliotis squamata) to co-cultured and monoculture cultivation systems in Geger Beach waters, Nusa Dua, Bali, knowing that abalone stocking densities were more effective in culture systems and knowing more abalone stocking densities effective on monoculture systems. The method used uses the Complete Randomized Design (CRD) method which consists of four treatments with each treatment there are three repetitions. The treatment of Haliotis squamata abalone shells which is integrated with dense stocking differs from planting the same seaweed. The test animals were stocked with each basket with a density of 40 tails and 20 tails. The food given for abalone is cotoni sp. which is where seaweed cotoni sp. obtained from cultivation. Based on the comparison of the growth rate of abalone (Haliotis squamata) in co-culture and monoculture cultivation in terms of abalone length with stocking density 20 of the co-culture cultivation system obtains the highest length value of 2.50%, while the co-culture cultivation system with stocking density 40 gets the value the highest is 4.19%. At the weight of the Haliotis squamata abalone with the co-culture cultivation system at 20 stocking densities, the highest value was 0.04% and 40 highest stocking densities on the co-culture system at 1.04%. At the length of the abalone Haliotis squamata with 20 thick stocking monoculture systems got the highest value of 7.63%, while the highest stocking density of 40 was 1.28%. On abalone weight monoculture system with 20 density has the highest value of 2.67%, while 40 density has the highest value of 0.48%.
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9

Nainggolan, Putri Febrine, I. Wayan Arthana, and Ayu Putu Wiweka Krisna Dewi. "A Comparison of Eucheuma cottonii Seaweed Cultivation in Monoculture and Polyculture Systems." Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 6, no. 1 (February 15, 2022): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/atbes.2022.v06.i01.p04.

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Seaweed is a commodity that has high economic value and benefits. The implementation of seaweed cultivation is quite short and the export market opportunities are wide open because the need for seaweed is quite large. This study aims to determine the growth rate of seaweed with monoculture and polyculture cultivation systems and the survival rate of abalone in polyculture cultivation. The research used an experimental method with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of two treatments and three replications. The cultivation system in this study was seaweed monoculture Eucheuma cottonii with an initial weight of 100 gr and 100gr seaweed polyculture with abalone Haliotis squamata, each polyculture culture net bag containing 50 abalones. The value of the specific growth rate of monoculture seaweed was 2.21%/day, lower than the specific growth rate of polyculture, which was 3.61%/day. T-test analysis showed the value of sig = 0.049 < = 0.05, which means that there is a significant difference between the treatment of monoculture cultivation and polyculture cultivation. The abalone growth rate value ranged from 0.78-0.91%/day and the abalone survival rate ranged from 68-76%. Changes in environmental conditions affect the condition of abalone and seaweed so that the survival value of abalone is quite low and seaweed is infected with an ice-ice disease which causes a decrease in seaweed weight gain in the final week of the study period.
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Wei, Xiaohui, Bingye Yang, Wencui Zeng, Bin Tang, Miaoqin Huang, Xuan Luo, Weiwei You, and Caihuan Ke. "Carotenoid Accumulation in Common and Orange-Muscle Mutant of Abalone, Haliotis gigantea, Fed with Different Macroalgae." Aquaculture Nutrition 2022 (December 30, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9287594.

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Aquatic animals cannot synthesize carotenoids, thus they must come from diet or from symbionts. Previous studies have found that orange-muscle abalones are rich in carotenoids, but the effects of different diets on the accumulation of carotenoids are unknown. In this study, the effects of macroalgae (Gracilaria lemaneiformis), fresh and dried kelp (Laminaria japonica) on the contents of the predominant carotenoids, including zeaxanthin, β-carotene, and fucoxanthin, between the common and orange-muscle mutant of Haliotis gigantea were compared through a one-year culture experiment. Our study confirmed that carotenoids in abalones mainly come from diets, and the carotenoid types in the muscles were similar to their diets. We also found that feeding on G.lemaneiformis played an important role in maintaining a stable carotenoid content over time, especially zeaxanthin in H.gigantea. Our data also provided that abalones had a good growth performance under the feeding conditions of G.lemaneiformis. Finally, compared with common abalones, orange-muscle abalones had a notably enhanced ability to accumulate carotenoids through their diet, especially zeaxanthin ( P < 0.01 ). However, the growth performance of orange-muscle abalones was lower than those of common abalones fed the same diets. These results inferred that the content of carotenoid in abalone may be controlled by genetic factors, and diet had a significant influence on the accumulation of carotenoid in abalone to some extent.
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Cardinaud, Marion, Annaïck Barbou, Carole Capitaine, Adeline Bidault, Antoine Marie Dujon, Dario Moraga, and Christine Paillard. "Vibrio harveyi Adheres to and Penetrates Tissues of the European Abalone Haliotis tuberculata within the First Hours of Contact." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 20 (August 8, 2014): 6328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01036-14.

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ABSTRACTVibrio harveyiis a marine bacterial pathogen responsible for episodic epidemics generally associated with massive mortalities in many marine organisms, including the European abaloneHaliotis tuberculata. The aim of this study was to identify the portal of entry and the dynamics of infection ofV. harveyiin the European abalone. The results indicate that the duration of contact betweenV. harveyiand the European abalone influences the mortality rate and precocity. Immediately after contact, the epithelial and mucosal area situated between the gills and the hypobranchial gland was colonized byV. harveyi. Real-time PCR analyses and culture quantification of a green fluorescent protein-tagged strain ofV. harveyiin abalone tissues revealed a high density of bacteria adhering to and then penetrating the whole gill-hypobranchial gland tissue after 1 h of contact.V. harveyiwas also detected in the hemolymph of a significant number of European abalones after 3 h of contact. In conclusion, this article shows that a TaqMan real-time PCR assay is a powerful and useful technique for the detection of a marine pathogen such asV. harveyiin mollusk tissue and for the study of its infection dynamics. Thus, we have revealed that the adhesion and then the penetration ofV. harveyiin European abalone organs begin in the first hours of contact. We also hypothesize that the portal of entry ofV. harveyiin the European abalone is the area situated between the gills and the hypobranchial gland.
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Zhang, Ting, Hui Zhu, Juan Wang, Xiaozhi Lin, Jiangyong Wang, Yisheng Huang, Bing Li, Hongli Mou, Xilan Ma, and Ruixuan Wang. "Monitoring Bacterial Community Dynamics in Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) and the Correlations Associated with Aquatic Diseases." Water 14, no. 11 (May 31, 2022): 1769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14111769.

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Bacteria are an integral component of their host. However, information about the microbiota living in and around many aquatic animals is lacking. In this study, multiplex bar-coded pyrosequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was used to monitor the dynamics of abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, bacterial communities in the intestine, water from cement culture ponds, and surrounding sea areas. Correlations between the bacterial communities and common aquaculture diseases were also evaluated. A total of 329,798 valid sequences and 15,277 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from 32 samples were obtained by 454 tag amplicon pyrosequencing. The Shannon indices of the seawater samples ranged from 2.84 to 5.6 and the Shannon indices of the abalone intestine samples ranged from 1.2 to 5.12, which were much lower than those of seawater. The dominant phyla in seawater samples were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, Cyanobacteria, etc. The dominant phyla in the abalone intestine varied greatly in different months. The dominant genera in the seawater of the cement culture ponds changed in different months, mainly Psychrilyobacter and Pseudoalteromonas. The dominant genera in seawater from the open sea vary considerably between months. The dominant genus of bacteria in the abalone intestine during the months when abalones are susceptible to disease is mainly Mycoplasma spp. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that bacterial communities in seawater and the intestine responded differently to environmental variables, with similar microbiota in the same area. pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, and temperature were closely related to the samples from the sea area. Oxidation-reduction potential, salinity, phosphate, nitrate, and ammonia nitrogen concentrations were closely related to the water samples from the artificial pools. These findings may add significantly to our understanding of the complex interactions between microbiota and environmental variables in the abalone intestine as well as in the surrounding seawater.
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Setyono, Dwi Eny Djoko, and Indra Aswandy. "ONGROWING TECHNIQUES FOR JUVENILE DONKEY EAR ABALONE (HALIOTIS ASINIA) AT PEMENANG WATERS, NORTH LOMBOK, INDONESIA." Marine Research in Indonesia 35, no. 2 (December 31, 2010): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/mri.v35i2.473.

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Abalone is one of the most prized sea delicacies in the world. In Indonesia, although donkey ear abalone (Haliotis asinina) forms a valuable fishery, little is known about its culture techniques. A study has been conducted to find out the most suitable technique for ongrowing donkey ear abalone, for to the local farmer in Indonesia. Juveniles used in study were collected from the southern Lombok coastal waters. They were reared in different type of structure (CNC = circular net cage and TNC = tyre net cage) and set at different depths. Juveniles were fed ad-libitum by macroalgae, Gracilaria spp. Results of the study showed that juveniles of donkey ear abalone have a better growth when cultured offshore in a TNC than in CNC. To gain a better growth, juveniles abalone need to be reared in cages which provided more shelter and less light. Donkey ear abalone was considered a hardy species, survival rate was not influenced by the type of structure (CNC or TNC) and setting position (depths).
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Hayati, Heny, I. Gusti Ngurah Putra Dirgayusa, and Ni Luh Putu Ria Puspitha. "Laju Pertumbuhan Kerang Abalon Haliotis squamata Melalui Budidaya IMTA (Integrated Multi Trophic Aquaculture) di Pantai Geger, Nusa Dua, Kabupaten Badung, Provinsi Bali." Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences 4, no. 2 (November 5, 2017): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmas.2018.v4.i02.253-262.

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Abalone is an important non fishery commodity that has high potential value to be developed. Abalone culture still faces some problems, such as, relatively slow growth rate, low survival rate and causing environmental pollution. One of the efforts to tackle the problems, is applying the culture system that is environmental friendly, such as IMTA (Integrated Multitrophic Aquaculture). This research aims to identify the growth rate and survival rate of the abalone (Haliotis squamata) and the suitability of chemical and physical environment parameter supporting the integration culture of abalone and seaweed (Gracilaria sp) on different stocking density at Geger beach, Nusa Dua, Bali. This research was performed in 45 days using a complete randomized design method that consist of three treatments and three repetition. The result showed that the highet growth rate was on treat ment T3 which consisted of abalone (Haliotis squamata) 40 individu and 10 bunches of seaweed (Gracilaria sp) 100 grams weight/each individu (0.76%/day), then It followed by T2 treatment that was integrated with 10 bunches of seaweed 50 grams (0.71%/day). The lowest growth rate observed on treatment T1 (control/monoculture) which consisted of 40 individu abalone (Haliotis squamata) (0.59%/day). The highest survival rate found on treatment T2 (97.5%) and followed by treatment T1 as control (94.5%), while the lowest number was found on treatment T3 (83.3%). Physical chemical water quality parameters showed that It supported the growth of both, abalone (Haliotis squamata) and seaweed (Gracilaria sp.) at Geger Beach, Nusa Dua, Badung Regency, Bali Province.
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Straus, Kristina M., and Carolyn S. Friedman. "Restoration aquaculture of the pinto abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana kamtschatkana Jonas): impacts of rearing method on behaviour, growth and survivorship in the hatchery." Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 10 (2009): 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08262.

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Pinto abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana kamtschatkana) populations in Washington State (USA) and British Columbia (Canada) continue to decline despite fisheries closures. For successful recovery, supplementation may be necessary. To determine appropriate culture methods, juveniles were reared in habitat-enriched tanks (supplemented with rocks, macroalgae and sea urchins) or conventional aquaculture tanks and assessed for growth and survivorship in the laboratory over 15 months. No differences in survivorship or growth were observed. Subsequent experiments examined whether abalone behaviour (habitat selection and movement patterns) differed between rearing treatments. Abalone were exposed to one of three predator treatments (sea star arm, small crab, or no predator (control)) and filmed for 8 h. Abalone from habitat-enriched tanks changed habitats significantly more often than abalone from conventional tanks regardless of predator treatment. Significant differences in the percentage of time that abalone occupied the various habitats were also observed. Abalone in the sea star and control treatments primarily occupied the rocks, whereas abalone in the crab treatment behaved differently depending on the rearing method; conventionally reared abalone spent more time in corners, whereas abalone from habitat-enriched tanks spent more time exposed. These results demonstrate that rearing conditions can affect abalone behaviour and should be considered for abalone restoration efforts worldwide.
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Kim, Jihoon, Akira Nakayasu, and Naruhiho Takenouchi. "A New Departure on Remote Island : A Case of Abalone Farming in Ehime, Japan." KnE Life Sciences 3, no. 3 (January 1, 2016): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v3i3.418.

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<p>Japanese fish production is currently affected by two major currents: population ageing and lack of young leaders. I found a solution to resolve this problem which is the closed circulatory culture system on land. There is actual abalone farm that conducting these system in OH Island, Yahatahama City, Ehime Prefecture, Japan. Although there are many benefits of using this system, competitive price could be a problem. Abalone imports rapidly increased over decade and has encroached upon the abalone market in Japan. Therefore cost reduction is the most important task.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Remote Island, Abalone Farming, Grants-in-Aid Program </p>
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Al-Rashdi, Khalfan M., and Tsueno Iwao. "Abalone, Haliotis mariae (Wood, 1828), Hatchery and Seed Production Trials in Oman." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 13 (January 1, 2008): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol13iss0pp53-63.

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Hatchery and seed production trials for the Omani endemic abalone Haliotis mariae were carried out at the land-based Mirbat Abalone Seed Production Station in Oman between 1999 and 2000. The methods developed for broodstock conditioning, induction of spawning and fertilization, larval settlement, and the handling of small juveniles are shown. Abalone collected in the post-monsoon period and held for 2 months matured faster than those collected before the monsoon and held for 6 months. Spawning induction of males and females had 63% and 11% success rates respectively, and the morphology of early larval stages is shown. Survival rates of veliger larvae introduced to settlement plates ranged from 35.9% to 73.7%, but the survival of post-larvae was low at 0.1% to 3.6%. The high mortality rate was attributed to invasions of filamentous green- and coralline algae on settlement plates and occurrence of low quantity of diatoms as food. Juveniles reacted best to 2% ethanol as anaesthetic, dropping off culture plates within 4 min and recovering within 17 min. Cultured abalone reached an average shell length of 52.9 mm over 13 months, which translates to an increment of 4.1 mm.mon-1. The overall conclusion of these preliminary research trials confirms that H. mariae can be cultured successfully in Oman. Further studies on the standardization of the techniques would help in stock enhancement programmes and commercial farming.
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18

Wu, Zhou, Yumin Yang, Liqing Zhou, Changfeng Chi, Xiujun Sun, Biao Wu, Zhihong Liu, and Yan Wang. "Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals the Response to Acute Thermal Stress in the Pacific Abalone, Haliotis discus hannai." Aquaculture Research 2023 (August 14, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7621215.

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The Pacific abalone is an economically important cold-water shellfish. With its widespread culture, high temperature has become a key abiotic factor for the high mortality of Pacific abalone in summer, particularly in the south of China. To understand the molecular regulatory mechanisms of thermal stress response in Pacific abalone for further analyzing its heat adaptive capacity, we subjected Pacific abalone to acute heat stress at 28°C for 6, 24, and 48 hr, respectively. A total of 2,213, 2,337, and 1,420 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in Pacific abalone after 6, 24, and 48 hr of thermal stress, respectively, as compared with the control group without heat stimulation. These DEGs were significantly enriched in protein folding and chaperone-mediated protein folding process, antigen processing and presentation, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum pathways. The expression of numerous molecular chaperones was significantly upregulated after thermal stress. Maintaining cellular homeostasis through the upregulated expression of molecular chaperones associated with endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) pathways might be central to the defense of Pacific abalone against thermal stress. In addition, the expression of Toll-like receptor 6 (TLR6) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) genes of the TLR signaling pathway was also induced. Therefore, the Pacific abalone might activate the immune defense system to resist the invasion of pathogenic bacteria by upregulating immune-related genes after thermal challenges. Our results not only contribute to a deeper understanding of heat stress regulation in the Pacific abalone but also provide basic data for molecular genetic breeding of heat-resistant abalone.
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19

Suminto, Suminto. "Different Percentages of Gonad Maturity on The Fertility and Haching Rate in Artificial Breeding of Abalone (Haliotis asinina)." Saintek Perikanan : Indonesian Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology 6, no. 1 (February 22, 2012): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijfst.6.1.79-87.

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Abalone is one of the marine mollusk that has high economic value. Mass abalone cultivation requires the mature gonads broodstock to produce seeds, but the maturity of the gonads of male and female often can not be simultaneously. Artificial insemination using a solution of ammonia is one solution to produce abalone seed in the hatchery. Ammonia solution can increase motility, fertilization rate of eggs and abalone seed production, so the provision of seeds for cultivation of abalone is independent from nature. The research of artificial insemination was carried out at various levels of gonadal maturation dams abalone (H. asinina) to determine the percentage of fertility and hatching rate of eggs from each Gonad Maturity Level. In stadia gonadal recovery, no fertilization occurs, whereas in the gonads maturing stadia had fertilization and hatching rate 24.33 ± 2.08% and 22.12 ± 2.18%, respectively at ripe stadia, gonads had been fertilization and hatching rate were 94.67% ± 1.53% and 82.82% ± 3.58%, wasn’t recorded in the stadia spent fertilization did not occur because the eggs were released in culture media. Gonad Maturity Level, thus can be used in artificial insemination was the ripe gonadal stadia, which had the highest percentage of both levels of fertilization and hatching rate with a diameter ranging from 189.6-252.8 μm. Key Words : Abalone (H. asinine); Artificial breeding; Gonad Maturity Level; Hatching Rate
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20

Sloan, N. A., D. C. McDevit, and G. W. Saunders. "Further to the Occurrence of Red Abalone, Haliotis rufescens, in British Columbia." Canadian Field-Naturalist 124, no. 3 (July 1, 2010): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v124i3.1079.

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We report on additional occurrences of Red Abalone (Haliotis rufescens Swainson, 1822) that bring the total to seven from British Columbia coastal waters. Possible causes of the presence of Red Abalone include northward (winter) transport via kelp rafts from the Oregon-California area. We tested this hypothesis by performing DNA barcoding analyses on a fragment of kelp holdfast on the surface of one such shell establishing its identity as Nereocystis luetkeana (Mertens) Postels & Ruprecht - a giant kelp with a hollow stipe terminating in a bulbous pneumatocyst (gas-filled float). The occurrence of Red Abalone due to natural processes, besides being important biogeographically, has had important implications for indigenous peoples' pre- and post-contact trade and material culture.
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21

Carvalho-Saucedo, Liliana, and Jose Luis Gutierrez Gonzalez. "Pathogenic Bacteria and their Effect on Plasma Components of Haliotis fulgens (Archaeogastropoda: Haliotidae) in Baja California Sur, Mexico." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 4, no. 9 (September 2023): 1370–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1805.

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Background: In Mexico Haliotis fulgens catch decreased considerably in 2012. In other countries like U.S.A., Australia, and Tasmania, their decline was associated with death by pathogens. Goals. We studied the bacterial effect on the concentration of some biochemical components of haemolymph of H. fulgens. Methods: Eight apparently sick abalone of culture and five healthy abalone were collected in 2013. The concentration of glucose, total proteins, albumin, globulins, and bacterial species were obtained. Results: We found Vibrio alginolyticus, Acinetobacter lwoffii, Serratia sp. y Aeromonas hydrophila. The diseased abalone had a higher total protein concentration than the healthy abalone (1.20 g/dl and 1.09 g/dl, p < 0.05, respectively). The increase of glucose, total proteins, globulins, and albumins was directly proportional with bacterial effect. Conclusion: This is the first report of V. alginolyticus, A. lwoffii, Serratia sp. y A. hydrophila in H. fulgens, cultivated in La Boca, Baja California Sur, Mexico. A regression analysis showed a negative effect on the biochemical components of hemolymph due to these bacteria.
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22

KIJIMA, AKIHIRO, QI LI, and CHOULJI PARK. "Development of Genetics and Breeding in Abalone Culture." Fisheries science 68, sup1 (2002): 730–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2331/fishsci.68.sup1_730.

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23

Cook, Peter. "Abalone of the World: Biology, Fisheries and Culture." South African Journal of Zoology 28, no. 2 (January 1993): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02541858.1993.11448306.

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24

Searcy-Bernal, Ricardo. "Boundary layers and abalone postlarval culture: Preliminary studies." Aquaculture 140, no. 1-2 (March 1996): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(95)01187-0.

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25

Mann, Roger. "Abalone of the world: Biology, fisheries and culture." Aquaculture 116, no. 4 (October 1993): 368–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(93)90421-t.

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26

Park, Shin Young, San-Cheong Bae, and Sang-Do Ha. "Heat Inactivation of a Norovirus Surrogate in Cell Culture Lysate, Abalone Meat, and Abalone Viscera." Food and Environmental Virology 7, no. 1 (December 20, 2014): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12560-014-9176-y.

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27

Bower, Susan M. "Labyrinthuloides haliotidis n.sp. (Protozoa: Labyrinthomorpha), a pathogenic parasite of small juvenile abalone in a British Columbia mariculture facility." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 8 (August 1, 1987): 1996–2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-304.

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Labyrinthuloides haliotidis n.sp. is an achlorophyllous eucaryotic protist that is pathogenic to juvenile abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana and Haliotis rufescens) less than 190 days of age (postsetting). Within the muscle and nervous tissue of the head and foot of susceptible abalone and in axenic nutrient culture media at 10 °C, vegetative stages of L. haliotidis proliferated by binary fission and produced ectoplasmic nets from sagenogenetosomes located on the cell periphery. When the abalone died and the parasites were released from the decaying tissue or when culture forms were washed free of nutrient medium and placed in sea water, internal multiple fission (sporulation) occurred within some cells, producing zoosporoblasts. After 24 to 72 h of incubation at 10 °C, the zoosporoblasts ruptured to release from 3 to about 10 infective biflagellated zoospores. After about 24 h of active swimming, or on contact with a glass surface, the zoospores shed their flagella. Ultrastructure of vegetative stages and zoospores related this species more closely to the thraustochytrids than to the labyrinthulids. Confusion still prevails concerning the higher taxonomic affinities of this group of organisms. In keeping with recent publications on the taxonomy of the kingdom Protozoa, L. haliotidis was considered to be a protozoan of the phylum Labyrinthomorpha and not allied with the fungi.
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28

Searcy-Bernal, Ricardo, Mario R. Ramade-Villanueva, and Benito Altamira. "Current Status of Abalone Fisheries and Culture in Mexico." Journal of Shellfish Research 29, no. 3 (November 2010): 573–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/035.029.0304.

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29

Schiel, David R. "Review of abalone culture and research in New Zealand." Molluscan Research 18, no. 2 (January 1997): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13235818.1997.10673702.

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30

Gómez-Reyes, Ricardo, Clara E. Galindo-Sánchez, Fabiola Lafarga-De la Cruz, José M. Hernández-Ayón, Enrique Valenzuela-Wood, and Laura López-Galindo. "Individual Pattern Response to CO2-Induced Acidification Stress in Haliotis rufescens Suggests Stage-Specific Acclimatization during Its Early Life History." Sustainability 15, no. 18 (September 21, 2023): 14010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151814010.

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The red abalone Haliotis rufescens is a pivotal marine resource in the context of worldwide abalone aquaculture. However, the species has been listed as critically endangered partly because of the life-history massive mortalities associated with habitat climate changes, including short- and long-term ocean acidification. Because abalone survival depends on its early life history success, figuring out its vulnerability to acidification is the first step to establishing culture management strategies. In the present study, red abalone embryos were reared under long-term CO2-induced acidification (pH 7.8 and 7.6) and evaluated. The impairment prevalence was assessed during their larval stages, considering the developmental success, growth and calcification. The result in the stage-specific disturbance suggests that the body abilities evaluated are at the expense of their development stages, of which the critical threshold is found under −0.4 pH units. Finally, the settlement was short-term stressed, displaying the opposite to that observed in the long-term acidification. Thus, the early life history interacts through multiple pathways that may also depend on the acidification challenge (i.e., short or long term). Understanding the tolerance limits and pathways of the stress response provides valuable insights for exploring the vulnerability of H. rufescens to ocean acidification.
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31

Bower, Susan M. "Artificial culture of Labyrinthuloides haliotidis (Protozoa: Labyrinthomorpha), a pathogenic parasite of abalone." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 8 (August 1, 1987): 2013–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-306.

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Labyrinthuloides haliotidis was isolated from infected abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana) and successfully cultured in minimum essential medium with 10% fetal calf serum at 10 °C for at least 1 year. On transfer to sea water, some subcultures produced numerous motile biflagellate zoospores while zoospore production of other subcultures was poor. On return to minimum essential medium, zoospores transformed into rapidly dividing vegetative forms. Labyrinthuloides haliotidis was not fastidious in its nutrient requirements and vegetative forms grew well in several different liquid media, on agar containing 10% bovine serum, and on pine pollen (Pinus contorta) in sea water. The mean diameter of the round vegetative forms often varied significantly (Student's t-test, P < 0.05) but the overall range in diameter (3.1 to 16.2 μm) observed in the various media was similar. Best growth occurred at 10 °C and in media made up with 30‰ sea water. No growth occurred at 28 °C or above, or in thioglycollate culture medium at 10 °C. Although L. haliotidis grew on pine pollen in sea water, zoosporoblasts and zoospores were not produced. The disappearance of precipitated proteins in agar medium around colonies of L. haliotidis and the destruction of host tissue around the parasite in infected abalone suggest that extracellular digestion occurs with this organism.
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32

Moss, Graeme A. "Early juvenile growth of the abalone Haliotis australis in culture." Molluscan Research 18, no. 2 (January 1997): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13235818.1997.10673689.

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33

Pang, S. J., Z. H. Zhang, Y. Bao, and S. Q. Gao. "Settling abalone veliger larvae in a free-swimming microalgal culture." Aquaculture 258, no. 1-4 (August 2006): 327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.03.028.

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34

Qi-hua, Wang, Li Mei, Wang Shu-hong, Ding Ming-jin, Li Ya-juan, and Cheng Ai-hua. "Studies on culture conditions of benthic diatoms for feeding abalone." Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 16, no. 1 (March 1998): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02848221.

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35

Qi-hua, Wang, Li Ya-juan, and Li Mei. "Studies on culture conditions of benthic diatoms for feeding abalone." Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 17, no. 2 (June 1999): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02842707.

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36

Siqueiros-Beltrones, D. A., G. Valenzuela-Romero, O. U. Hernández-Almeida, U. Argumedo-Hernández, and F. O. López Fuerte. "CATÁLOGO ICONOGRÁFICO DE DIATOMEAS DE HÁBITATS ROCOSOS Y SU INCIDENCIA EN LA DIETA DE ABULONES (Haliotis spp.) JÓVENES DE BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR, MÉXICO." CICIMAR Oceánides 19, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2004): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37543/oceanides.v19i1-2.16.

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Se proporcionan un catálogo iconográfico y el inventario de los taxa de diatomeas que se encuentran en hábitats rocosos de la costa occidental de Baja California Sur, y aquellas que forman parte de la dieta de abulones (Haliotis spp.) jóvenes, con el objetivo de tener una referencia práctica que coadyuve en el manejo de este recurso. La información se derivó principalmente de estudios científicos en varias localidades de B. C. S. Para ello, se obtuvieron muestras de diatomeas del ambiente rocoso, y se examinaron los contenidos intestinales de especímenes juveniles de abulón azul (H. fulgens ) y abulón amarillo (H. corrugata ). Se identificaron 321 taxa de diatomeas bénticas, tanto epilíticas como epífitas, de los cuales, hasta 98 taxa se han observado dentro de su dieta. Así, aunque juveniles de H. corrugata y H. fulgens pueden alimentarse de diatomeas de cualquier especie que esté disponible en su ambiente, la dieta principalmente la constituyen unos pocos taxa, específicamente: Cocconeis speciosa, C. costata var. pacifica, C. diminuta, C. scutellum, Thalassionema nitzschioides, Tabularia investiens, Gomphonemopsis pseudexigua , incluyendo formas coloniales, como Berkeleya fennica . En los contenidos intestinales es común observar agregaciones de diatomeas, ya sean mono- o multiespecíficas, a veces adheridas a tejidos de macroalga. De acuerdo con este estudio, se deben reconsiderar el enfoque monoespecífico y la selectividad en la alimentación de juveniles y poslarvas de Haliotisspp. en cultivo; asimismo, la fuente para su alimentación debe ser el sustrato rocoso colonizado por macroalgas donde estos habitan. Igual, debe reevaluarse la contribución de las diatomeas a la nutrición de abulones jóvenes (0.5 cm - 1 cm) que han cambiado su dieta a macroalgas, dada la abundancia de diatomeas epifitas que aquellas presentan. Iconographic catalog of the diatoms occurring in rocky habitats and in the diet of young abalone (Haliotis spp.) in Baja California Sur, México An iconographic catalogue and inventory of the diatom taxa found in rocky habitats of the west coast of Baja California Sur and those that make up part of the diet in young abalone ( Haliotis spp.) are provided as a practical reference that aids in the management of this resource. This information was derived mainly from scientific studies in various localities in B. C. Sincerely. The analyzed diatom samples were collected from the rocky environment, and from the gut contents of young green ( H. fulgens ) and pink abalone ( H. corrugata ). A total of 321 benthic diatom taxa were identified, both epilithic and mainly epiphytic forms. Out of these 98 diatom taxa have been observed in the diet of juvenile H. fulgens and H. corrugata . Although young abalone may feed on any diatom species available in their habitat, few taxa represent the main diatom component of their diet: Cocconeis speciosa, C. costata var. pacifica, C. diminuta, C. scutellum, T. nitzschioides, T. investiens, Gomphonemopsis pseudexigua, and colonial forms, such as Berkeleya fennica . Mono- or multispecific clusters of diatoms are frequent in the gut contents of abalone juveniles, frequently attached to macroalgae tissue. Our observations indicate that the monospecific view and supposed selectivity in the feeding of cultured abalone should be reconsidered, and that the diatom source for feeding young abalone and post-larvae under culture conditions should be the rocky substrate occupied by macroalgae found in abalone fishing sites. Because of the abundance of epiphytic diatoms on macroalgae the contribution of diatoms to the nutrition of young abalone (0.5 cm -1 cm) that change their diet to macroalgae should be reassessed.
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37

Siqueiros-Beltrones, D. A., G. Valenzuela-Romero, O. U. Hernández-Almeida, U. Argumedo-Hernández, and F. O. López Fuerte. "CATÁLOGO ICONOGRÁFICO DE DIATOMEAS DE HÁBITATS ROCOSOS Y SU INCIDENCIA EN LA DIETA DE ABULONES (Haliotis spp.) JÓVENES DE BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR, MÉXICO." CICIMAR Oceánides 19, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2004): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37543/oceanides.v19i1-2.16.

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Se proporcionan un catálogo iconográfico y el inventario de los taxa de diatomeas que se encuentran en hábitats rocosos de la costa occidental de Baja California Sur, y aquellas que forman parte de la dieta de abulones (Haliotis spp.) jóvenes, con el objetivo de tener una referencia práctica que coadyuve en el manejo de este recurso. La información se derivó principalmente de estudios científicos en varias localidades de B. C. S. Para ello, se obtuvieron muestras de diatomeas del ambiente rocoso, y se examinaron los contenidos intestinales de especímenes juveniles de abulón azul (H. fulgens ) y abulón amarillo (H. corrugata ). Se identificaron 321 taxa de diatomeas bénticas, tanto epilíticas como epífitas, de los cuales, hasta 98 taxa se han observado dentro de su dieta. Así, aunque juveniles de H. corrugata y H. fulgens pueden alimentarse de diatomeas de cualquier especie que esté disponible en su ambiente, la dieta principalmente la constituyen unos pocos taxa, específicamente: Cocconeis speciosa, C. costata var. pacifica, C. diminuta, C. scutellum, Thalassionema nitzschioides, Tabularia investiens, Gomphonemopsis pseudexigua , incluyendo formas coloniales, como Berkeleya fennica . En los contenidos intestinales es común observar agregaciones de diatomeas, ya sean mono- o multiespecíficas, a veces adheridas a tejidos de macroalga. De acuerdo con este estudio, se deben reconsiderar el enfoque monoespecífico y la selectividad en la alimentación de juveniles y poslarvas de Haliotisspp. en cultivo; asimismo, la fuente para su alimentación debe ser el sustrato rocoso colonizado por macroalgas donde estos habitan. Igual, debe reevaluarse la contribución de las diatomeas a la nutrición de abulones jóvenes (0.5 cm - 1 cm) que han cambiado su dieta a macroalgas, dada la abundancia de diatomeas epifitas que aquellas presentan. Iconographic catalog of the diatoms occurring in rocky habitats and in the diet of young abalone (Haliotis spp.) in Baja California Sur, México An iconographic catalogue and inventory of the diatom taxa found in rocky habitats of the west coast of Baja California Sur and those that make up part of the diet in young abalone ( Haliotis spp.) are provided as a practical reference that aids in the management of this resource. This information was derived mainly from scientific studies in various localities in B. C. Sincerely. The analyzed diatom samples were collected from the rocky environment, and from the gut contents of young green ( H. fulgens ) and pink abalone ( H. corrugata ). A total of 321 benthic diatom taxa were identified, both epilithic and mainly epiphytic forms. Out of these 98 diatom taxa have been observed in the diet of juvenile H. fulgens and H. corrugata . Although young abalone may feed on any diatom species available in their habitat, few taxa represent the main diatom component of their diet: Cocconeis speciosa, C. costata var. pacifica, C. diminuta, C. scutellum, T. nitzschioides, T. investiens, Gomphonemopsis pseudexigua, and colonial forms, such as Berkeleya fennica . Mono- or multispecific clusters of diatoms are frequent in the gut contents of abalone juveniles, frequently attached to macroalgae tissue. Our observations indicate that the monospecific view and supposed selectivity in the feeding of cultured abalone should be reconsidered, and that the diatom source for feeding young abalone and post-larvae under culture conditions should be the rocky substrate occupied by macroalgae found in abalone fishing sites. Because of the abundance of epiphytic diatoms on macroalgae the contribution of diatoms to the nutrition of young abalone (0.5 cm -1 cm) that change their diet to macroalgae should be reassessed.
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38

Braje, Todd J., and Torben C. Rick. "Identifying Specialized 19th Century Fishing Camps on California's Northern Channel Islands: Applying AMS Radiocarbon Dating to Historical Sites." Radiocarbon 57, no. 5 (2015): 909–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/azu_rc.57.18397.

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California's Northern Channel Islands have long been an epicenter of specialized fishing economies dating from 13,000 yr ago to the mid-19th century. With thousands of well-preserved shell middens, some dominated by single shellfish species and little to no material culture, it can be difficult to distinguish between specialized prehistoric and historical deposits at some site types. Beginning at least in the Early Holocene and continuing into the Historic period, California mussels, turban snails, and abalone were targeted for specialized collection and processing by Native Americans and later Chinese and Euro-American fishers. Here, we demonstrate how selective accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating of specialized abalone processing camps can help distinguish between prehistoric and historical sites. While unconventional, our case study demonstrates the utility of14C dating at sites less than 300 yr old.
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Permana, Gusti Ngurah, Rudhy Gustiano, Ibnu Rusdi, Fitriyah Husnul Khotimah, Bambang Susanto, and Dedi Duryadi Solihin. "KARAKTERISASI DAN EVALUASI POPULASI ABALON Haliotis squamata SECARA MOLEKULER, MORFOMETRIK, DAN BIOLOGI." Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 12, no. 2 (October 19, 2017): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.12.2.2017.111-119.

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Abalon merupakan salah satu komoditas penting gastropoda laut. Tingginya permintaan abalon ini mengakibatkan menipisnya stok di alam. Oleh karena itu, upaya keberhasilan budidaya abalon perlu didukung oleh jenis unggul. Indikasi awal suatu jenis unggul dapat dilakukan dengan menganalisis potensi genetik yang dimiliki. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan analisis gen 16S rRNA, karakter morfolologi, dan biologi dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan metode kajian pustaka. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan keragaman inter populasi Haliotis squamata mendeteksi adanya tujuh haplotipe yang terbagi dalam dua kelompok. Penyertaan H. diversicolor sebagai outgroup dalam pengujian memperlihatkan bahwa populasi H. squamata dari Pulau Bali dan beberapa lokasi di Pulau Jawa berada dalam satu kelompok yang terpisah dengan outgroup. Hasil ini kongruen dengan analisis morfometrik terdapat perkembangan pertumbuhan cangkang yang asimetri pada populasi Banten. Pertumbuhan asimetri merupakan indikasi spesifik untuk populasi Banten atau merupakan gejala abnormalitas yang dapat diakibatkan oleh faktor penurunan kualitas genetik atau lingkungan. Karakter biologi terlihat proporsi daging dan gonad berbeda pada populasi Banten dengan indikasi adanya pertumbuhan asimetri. Rasio gonad dan daging populasi Banyuwangi berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dengan populasi lainnya.Abalone is arguably one of the highly valued and sought-after marine gastropods. However, the over-exploitation of this species has exhausted its wild stock. To overcome this challenge, the culture technique and management of this species must be established and continually improved. One of the ways is through producing superior broodstocks. An initial assessment of a genetically superior broodstock can be done using the potential genetic analysis. This recent research employed the analysis to study the species’ 16S rRNA gene. To complement the study, the morphometric and biological characteristics of the species were analyzed descriptively with the aid of scientific literature. The results showed that the interpopulation diversity of Haliotis squamata was detected by the presence of seven haplotypes divided into two groups. The inclusion of H. diversicolor as an outgroup within the test showed that the populations of abalone in Bali and several other sites in Java were genetically separated from the outgroup. This finding can be backed up with the result of the morphometric analysis where there was asymmetric shell growth in Banten abalone population. This asymmetric growth is considered as a symptom of abnormality caused by genetic or environmental degradation factors. The biological characteristics showed the different ratios of meat and gonad in the Banten population due to the asymmetric growth. Banyuwangi population was significantly different (P<0.05) from other populations in terms of meat and gonad ratios.
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Nagai, Takahiro, Toshio Nakatsugawa, Toyohiko Nishizawa, and Kiyokuni Muroga. "Primary Culture of Hemocytes From Japanese Black Abalone Nordotis discus discus." Fish Pathology 33, no. 3 (1998): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3147/jsfp.33.147.

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Neori, Amir, Muki Shpigel, and David Ben-Ezra. "A sustainable integrated system for culture of fish, seaweed and abalone." Aquaculture 186, no. 3-4 (June 2000): 279–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0044-8486(99)00378-6.

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42

Loum, Abdoulaye, Jean Fall, Alioune Faye, Mariama Sagne, and Malick Diouf. "Influence of Population Density on the Evolution of Morphometric Parameters of Haliotis tuberculata Linnaeus 1758 Under Controlled Culture in Senegal." Journal of Biology and Life Science 10, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jbls.v10i1.14194.

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This experiment was carried out in order to know the variation of the morphometric relation between the length and the width of the shell of abalone Haliotis tuberculata as well as the evolution of the factor of condition.Haliotis tuberculata used in the study is a gastropod that belongs to the order Vetigastropoda, and the family Haliotidae. 135 abalones with an average weight of 5.55±1.24 g, an average length and shell width of 3.14±0.23 cm and 2.12±0.18 cm were selected for the experiment.These individuals were divided into three different densities (10, 15, 20 individuals) in nine (9) plastic tanks with a base area of 0.15 m2 of 3 tanks per density. The abalones from each tank were fed 70% of their body weight with available macroalgae such as Ulva lactuca and Dictiopeterus sp. Morphometric relationships that include the relationships between length-width and condition factor were determinedAt the end of 12 months of experimentation, changes in length, width, and annual average weight as a function of density indicate that low stocking densities favor a faster increase in these variables (length, width, and weight). The analysis of these relationships indicates a strong correlation between the length and width of the Haliotis tuberculata shell. However, it is noted the correlation between these two variables decreases inversely with density. The average values of the condition factor are 18.89 ± 0.96, 18.72 ± 1.18 and 18.59 ± 1.14 for densities D10, D15 and D20 respectively. Analysis of the results of this study shows that when population density becomes too high, the growth of H. tuberculata is slowed down both in weight and in size. The condition factor analysis also indicates that the best biological performance is obtained at the lowest density (D10) thus inducing better growth.
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Ryu, Jun Hyung, Yoon Kwon Nam, and Seung Pyo Gong. "Factors Affecting Primary Cultures of Abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ovary-dissociated Cells and General Culture Aspects." Fisheries and aquatic sciences 18, no. 1 (March 30, 2015): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/fas.2015.0081.

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Park, Jin Yeong, Wi-Sik Kim, Heung Yun Kim, and Eunheui Kim. "Potential use of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as a probiotic bacterium in abalone culture." Journal of fish pathology 29, no. 1 (April 30, 2016): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7847/jfp.2016.29.1.035.

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Capinpin, E. C., J. D. Toledo, V. C. Encena, and M. Doi. "Density dependent growth of the tropical abalone Haliotis asinina in cage culture." Aquaculture 171, no. 3-4 (February 1999): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0044-8486(98)00490-6.

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46

Suja, C. P., and S. Dharmaraj. "In vitro culture of mantle tissue of the abalone Haliotis varia Linnaeus." Tissue and Cell 37, no. 1 (February 2005): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tice.2004.08.002.

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Dyck, Matt, Rodney Roberts, and Andrew Jeffs. "Assessing alternative grazing-tolerant algae for nursery culture of abalone, Haliotis iris." Aquaculture 320, no. 1-2 (October 2011): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.07.033.

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48

Langdon, Chris, Ford Evans, and Carl Demetropoulos. "An environmentally-sustainable, integrated, co-culture system for dulse and abalone production." Aquacultural Engineering 32, no. 1 (December 2004): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2004.08.002.

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Yearsley, R. D., C. LW Jones, P. J. Britz, and N. G. Vine. "Integrated culture of silver kobArgyrosomus inodorusand bloodwormArenicola loveni loveniin abalone farm effluent." African Journal of Marine Science 33, no. 2 (August 2011): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/1814232x.2011.600290.

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Suja, C. P., N. Sukumaran, and S. Dharmaraj. "Effect of culture media and tissue extracts in the mantle explant culture of abalone, Haliotis varia Linnaeus." Aquaculture 271, no. 1-4 (October 2007): 516–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.04.086.

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