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Van, Zyl André. "AAL2 signalling framework to support a Gigabit AAL2 switching node." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6054.
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Includes bibliographical references.Although Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Adaptation Layer type 2 (AAL2) has been in existence for a few short years, it is widely being adopted as the technology of choice in VoDSL. VOTA trunking, as well as in UMTS wireless networks. The two most important concerns when transporting voice in a packet based network, are end-to-end delay and the efficient use of available bandwidth.
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Amorim, Dorian. "Simulação do protocolo de adaptação ATM tipo 2 (AAL2)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/3196.
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Este trabalho descreve o protocolo de adaptação ATM do tipo 2 (AAL2), e expõe as mudanças que foram realizadas no simulador de rede ATM com a finalidade de estudá-lo. É proposto que se conheça melhor este novo padrão, planejado para baixa taixa de transferência e multiplexação de usuários e pode contribuir nos serviços de tráfego de voz, quando ocorre a integração de diversas aplicações que é o objetivo da B-ISDN. Após algumas explanações sobre o ATM em geral, é descrita de forma detalhada a recomendação I.362 que padroniza o novo AAL. É explicado o comportamento da máquina de estados de transmissão, e como ocorre a temporização para carregar diversos pacotes de voz numa mesma célula. Como foi idealizado para a classe de serviços do tipo VBR em tempo real, comentam-se alguns mecanismos próprios do AAL2 para controle de tráfego e sua influência. Descreve-se a subcamada SSCS proposta para pacotes longos, recentemente padronizada. São apresentados alguns artigos e estudos realizados sobre o AAL2 que descreve quantitativamente o ganho esperado pelo protocolo e levanta algumas questões comparando-o ao AAL1. Por ter sido inicialmente uma necessidade da telefonia celular, realiza-se um breve comentário de estudos dirigidos para a área. Com o intuito de realizar a simulação do protocolo, foi utilizado o simulador de redes ATM, desenvolvido pelo NIST, que possui certas qualidades desejadas para este trabalho, porém, foram necessárias realizar modificações para implementar a camada AAL que não estava prevista na arquitetura original dele. Para se criar um ambiente de testes propício, e com a preocupação de não corromper o funcionamento padrão, foram criadas estruturas semelhantes às existentes e realizadas mudanças sutis, reconhecidas normalmente pelo simulador original. A partir destas simulações, pretende-se deixar uma ferramenta para fazer análises deste protocolo; utilizando modelos de tráfego de voz, a fim de obter informações do seu comportamento. No entanto, este estudo limitou-se somente a demonstrar a verificação e validação do simulador a partir dos resultados gerados. Para verificar a integridade do código fonte original foram utilizados os exemplos do próprio NIST e assim garantir que nada foi alterado. Além disso, o novo módulo foi comparado a norma através de um "debug". Na validação, devido ao fato de não existir uma rede real montada e disponível para testes, foram empregados artigos para comparar os resultados e demonstrar a boa aproximação obtida. Acredita-se que desta forma obteve-se o resultado desejado de um ambiente para estudo e compreensão do AAL2 e que, futuramente, pode ser usado para todos os protocolos da camada AAL.
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Shepstone, Sven E. "AAL2 switching node to support voice services in 3rd and 4th generation networks." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9773.
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Includes bibliographical references.The research community and industry alike have, over the past decade, been showing considerable interest in packet-switching networks to support voice services as well as data services. A technology that was standardised to accommodate these delay-sensitive requirements is Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), which deals particularly well at transporting uncompressed voice and data. However, due to the exponential increase in wireless applications and their supporting access technologies, a need has arisen for an infrastructure in the wide area network to support and maintain the QoS requirements of low-bit rate, compressed voice. An adaptation layer known as AAL2 was re-standardised to support these specialised voice services. However, a severe side-effect of using AAL2 with traditional ATM switches results in inefficient routing and waste-age of resources. In this study, a design for an AAL2 switching node will be proposed to address the above-mentioned issues. The design is comprised of modules that perform the following functions: Buffering, payload interrogation, protocol translations, packet classification, packet re- routing, timing, scheduling and support for signalling and management interfacing. The supporting architecture is targeted towards an embedded >286-based computing system, which itself is overlaid upon one or several ports of a high-speed, research-oriented ATM switch, known as the Washington University Gigabit Switch (WUGS). In order to evaluate the operation and performance of the AAL2 switch architecture, a testbed is proposed and implemented, comprising the AAL2 switch at the core, with a supporting infrastructure to emulate the generation and analysis of low bit-rate voice traffic over an AAL2 connection. By conducting a set of experiments, a series of operational and performance results will be presented. Particular focus will be placed on the performance and efficiency of the AAL2 layer over ATM, as well as the ability of the switch to route packets from multiple sources to a set of output connections in the correct manner.
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Chabalala, Bongani R. "Performance evaluation of AAL2 over IP in the UMTS access network Iub interface." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5259.
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Bibliography: leaves 84-86.In this study, we proposed to retain AAL2 and lay it over IP (AAL2IIP). The IP-based lub interface is therefore designed to tunnel AAL2 channels from the Node B to the RNC. Currently IP routes packets based on best-effort which does not guarantee QoS, To provide QoS, MPLS integrated with DiffServ is proposed to support different QoS levels to different classes of service and fast forward the IP packets within the lub interface. To evaluate the performance of AAL2!IP in the Iub interface, a test-bed was created.
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Liu, Chunlei. "Wireless network enhancements using congestion coherence, faster congestion feedback, media access control and AAL2 voice trunking /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486572165276861.
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Voo, Charles. "Management of low and variable bit rate ATM Adaptation Layer Type 2 traffic." University of Western Australia. School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0030.
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Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Adaptation Layer Type 2 (AAL2) has been developed to carry low and variable bit rate traffic. It provides high bandwidth efficiency with low packing delay by allowing voice traffic from different AAL2 channels to be multiplexed onto a single ATM virtual channel connection. Examples of where AAL2 are used include the Code Division Multiple Access and the Third Generation mobile telephony networks. The main objective of this thesis is to study traditional and novel AAL2 multiplexing methods and to characterise their performance when carrying low and variable bit rate (VBR) voice traffic. This work develops a comprehensive QoS framework which is used as a basis to study the performance of the AAL2 multiplexer system. In this QoS framework the effects of packet delay, delay variation, subjective voice quality and bandwidth utilisation are all used to determine the overall performance of the end-to-end system for the support of real time voice communications. Extensions to existing AAL2 voice multiplexers are proposed and characterised. In the case where different types of voice applications are presented to the AAL2 multiplexer, it was observed that increased efficiency gains are possible when a priority queuing scheme is introduced into the traditional AAL2 multiplexer system. Studies of the voice traffic characteristics and their effects on the performance of the AAL2 multiplexer are also investigated. It is shown that particular source behaviours can have deleterious effect on the performance of the AAL2 multiplexer. Methods of isolating these voice sources are examined and the performance of the AAL2 multiplexer re-evaluated to show the beneficial effects of a particular source isolation technique. The extent to which statistical multiplexing is possible for real time variable VBR sources is theoretically examined. These calculations highlight the difficulties in multiplexing VBR real time traffic while maintaining guaranteed delay bounds for these sources. Based on these calculations, multiplexing schemes that incorporate data transfers within the real time traffic transfer are proposed as alternatives for utilising unused bandwidth caused by the VBR nature of the voice traffic.
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Schulz, Alexandra. "AAV2 vermittelte Transduktion von porcinem Myokard im Transplantationsmodell." Diss., lmu, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-108231.
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Vítor, Nuno Miguel Carreira. "Silent speech interface for an AAL scenario." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/18398.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e TelecomunicaçõesSince the 80's started to emerge studies regarding the audio-visual recognition of speech. However, in certain circumstances, the use of the audio information can not be considered due to noisy environments or other types of conditioning. Since than, studies started to emerge regarding visual speech recognition. With the launch of Kinect by Microsoft, which includes a RGB, depth sensor and microphone for a relatively low price compared to other cameras in its segment, permited new possibilities in the speech recognition eld. The launch of Kinect One in 2014 brought a new RGB-D camera with bigger resolution and a depth sensor with "Time of Flight" technology, more precise, witch allows to get better results and better accuracy in Visual Recognition Systems. This dissertation was developed with the Kinect One from Microsoft and has the objective of Visual Speech Recognition, especially commands, in Portuguese, said by the person that is standing in front of the camera, with the intention of controlling the VLC player, a relevant application VLC for an Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) scenario, a multimedia player, the most used in the world. The system developed in this dissertation is projected for an AAL scenario, for people with speech incapacity, noisy environments or only to improve and create a better home cinema experience, without the need for a remote control. The prototype follows a classic approach in pattern recognition, integrating features and classi ers. The adopted features were the position of the lips and chin. In therms of classi ers the Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO), AdaBoost and Naive Bayes algorithms were tested. The prototype developed in this dissertation achieved an accuracy of around 80 percent in a universe of 8 commands chosen to be the most intuitive as possible regarding the objective of this dissertation, to create a working prototype (VLC as chosen) using visual speech recognition.
Desde a década de 80 que começaram a surgir estudos relacionados com o reconhecimento audiovisual da fala. Contudo, chegou-se á conclusão que, em certas circunstâncias, o uso da informação áudio não poderia ser considerada devido a ambientes ruidosos ou outro tipo de condicionantes. Desde então, começaram a realizar-se estudos tendo em conta o reconhecimento visual da fala. Com o lançamento da Kinect por parte da Microsoft, que inclui camara RGB, sensor de profundidade e microfone por um custo relativamente baixo comparativamente a outras câmaras do mesmo segmento, abriu novas portas e trouxe novas possibilidades no âmbito do reconhecimento da fala. Com o lançamento da Kinect One em 2014, uma câmara com maior resolução e um sensor de profundidade com tecnologia de "tempo de voo", mais precisa, permite ainda obter melhores resultados e abrir ainda mais portas no que toca ao reconhecimento visual da fala. Esta dissertação foi desenvolvida com base na Kinect One da Microsoft e tem como objectivo o reconhecimento visual da fala, mais especificamente de comandos, em Português, ditos pela pessoa que se encontra de frente para a câmara, com o intuito de controlar o VLC, uma aplicação relevante para um cenário AAL, um player de conteúdos multimédia, o mais utilizado em todo o mundo. O sistema desenvolvido encontra-se assim projetado para uma realidade de ambiente assistido, para pessoas com dificuldades motoras ou apenas como uma ferramenta de auxílio para uma melhor experiência cinematográfica em casa sem a necessidade do uso de um controlo remoto. O protótipo segue a abordagem clássica em reconhecimento de padrões, integrando extração de features e classificação. As features adotadas no protótipo realizado foram a posição dos lábios e a posição do queixo. Em termos dos classificadores foram experimentados os algoritmos Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO), AdaBoost e Naive Bayes. O protótipo no decorrer desta dissertação demonstrou conseguir atingir taxas de reconhecimento na ordem dos 80 por cento num mundo de 8 comandos escolhidos de forma a serem o mais intuitivos possível tendo em conta o objectivo desta tese, controlar o reprodutor VLC usando reconhecimento visual da fala.
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Thielen, Frankie. "Der Einfluss einwandernder Amphipodenarten auf die Parasitozönose des Europäischen Aals (Anguilla anguilla)." Karlsruhe : Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2005. http://www.uvka.de/univerlag/volltexte/2006/132/.
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Makké, Rani. "Qualité de Service et Performances des Protocoles de Transport dans l'UTRAN." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005734.
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Le 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) a choisi, dans sa Release 99, le protocole AAL2/ATM pour le transport des données sur les interfaces Iub et Iur du réseau d'accès de l'UMTS, nommé UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network). L'AAL-2 (ATM Adaptation Layer - Type 2) est une couche d'adaptation au-dessus de la couche ATM. L'AAL2 consiste à agréger plusieurs paquets de différents flux dans une même cellule ATM pour réduire le temps de remplissage surtout pour les applications temps-réel à bas débit. Les études menées sur l'AAL2 pour évaluer ses performances ne sont pas nombreuses, surtout dans le contexte de l'UTRAN où les contraintes temporelles sont strictes à cause des mécanismes de synchronisation des canaux de transport radio. Le lien entre le Node B et le RNC, où le protocole AAL2 est déployé, ne doit pas constituer le goulot d'étranglement (Bottleneck) pour les flux transportés. Le protocole AAL2 doit être bien étudié pour évaluer ses performances et ses capacités pour le transport des canaux radio. L'AAL2 constitue un véritable protocole de transport qui se superpose au protocole de transport ATM. Or, dans les normes de l'AAL2, aucune notion de qualité de service (QoS) n'était définie pendant notre étude. En plus, les études faites étaient insuffisantes pour définir un modèle complet de la QoS dans l'AAL2. Nous avons alors contribué pour définir des classes de QoS au niveau AAL2, des paramètres de QoS, des capacités de transfert (AAL2-TC) ainsi que des critères de performance. Ensuite, nous proposons des schémas d'association (mapping) entre les différentes classes de service de l'UMTS et les classes de l'AAL2 d'une part et entre les classes de l'AAL2 et les classes de l'ATM d'autre part. Un schéma de partage de la bande passante entre les différentes classes est proposé ainsi qu'un schéma de contrôle d'admission des connexions AAL2. Dans le cas où plusieurs types de trafic seraient agrégés dans le même VC ATM, un mécanisme d'ordonnancement au niveau AAL2 est nécessaire pour pouvoir différencier entre les classes de services. Plusieurs algorithmes d'ordonnancement sont proposés au niveau de l'AAL2 et une comparaison entre ces mécanismes est réalisée dans plusieurs contextes pour évaluer les avantages et les inconvénients de chaque algorithme. Nous proposons un nouvel algorithme dynamique appelé DyWRR qui s'adapte avec le changement du trafic. Nous étudions aussi un paramètre important relatif au protocole AAL2 qui est le Timer-CU (Timer - Combined Use). Ce paramètre de temporisation a une influence sur le délai des paquets et sur le taux d'utilisation de la bande passante. Une étude fine et détaillée de ce paramètre est réalisée pour obtenir des résultats sur sa valeur optimale. Le choix de l'ATC (ATM Transfer Capability) pour le transport des connexions AAL2 fait une partie de notre étude. Le DBR et le SBR sont deux ATC proposées et une comparaison entre ces deux solutions est analysée. Quand on parle de l'AAL2 comme un protocole de transport, l'idée de la commutation AAL2 ne sera plus exclue. Au lieu de commuter les cellules ATM, on peut commuter les paquets AAL2 pour qu'on puisse séparer les connexions AAL2 dans un nud donné du réseau. La commutation AAL2 présente des avantages mais également des inconvénients que nous traitons dans cette thèse.
Les résultats de létude sur lAAL2 faite dans le cadre de cette thèse ont été utilisés pour une contribution à la normalisation au sein de lITU-T (International Telecommunication Union -Telecommunication standardization sector). Ces travaux de normalisation ont abouti à une nouvelle norme appelée ITU-T I.378 qui traite la problématique de la qualité de service et du contrôle de trafic au niveau de lAAL2.
Dans la Release 5 du 3GPP, l'IP est introduit comme protocole de transport sur les interfaces Iub et Iur dans une optique de réaliser des réseaux "tout-IP". Ce protocole, dans sa version simple, ne peut pas garantir une qualité de service parce qu'il ne fournit qu'une seule classe de service pour tous les flux, la classe du meilleur effort (Best Effort). Des mécanismes de différenciation des services sont alors nécessaires comme DiffServ ou IntServ dans le contexte de l'UTRAN. Plusieurs architectures pour le transport en IP sur l'interface Iub sont présentées. D'ailleurs, ces solutions en IP introduisent une charge supplémentaire à cause de la longueur des en-têtes. Sachant que les opérateurs des télécommunications s'intéressent à l'optimisation de la bande passante sur les liens appelés Last Mile Link, une étude est alors réalisée dans cette thèse pour évaluer les performances des solutions en IP dans l'UTRAN.
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Aal, Frouke [Verfasser]. "Synthese und Koordinationschemie mehrzähniger Imidazolin-2-imin-Liganden / Frouke Aal." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1042878528/34.
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Rodrigues, João Barreto. "Determinantes nos modelos de negócio para o Ambient Assisted Living (AAL)." Master's thesis, FEUC, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/24629.
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Relatório de estágio do mestrado em Gestão, apresentado à Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra, sob a orientação de Filipe Almeida.A tecnologia tem vindo a conquistar um lugar central no dia-a-dia das sociedades contemporâneas de modo tão intenso e marcante que quase não damos por ela. Mas ao contribuírem para tornar a vida mais fácil, mais limpa e mais longa, os sucessivos avanços tecnológicos também nos despertam para novas necessidades e novos desafios. O aumento generalizado da esperança de vida do Homem e o acentuar da proporção do estrato etário dos mais idosos, sobretudo em países mais desenvolvidos, é um notável exemplo destas dinâmicas. Este trabalho sublinha a importância de encontrar soluções para desafios como a inserção do indivíduo sénior na sociedade e a sustentabilidade dos modelos tradicionais de saúde e segurança social. De modo mais concreto, examina-se como a busca de soluções que permitam responder a estes desafios está na origem do conceito inovador de Ambient Assisted Living (AAL), ou seja, de um conjunto de soluções de prestação de cuidados, baseados em tecnologias de informação e comunicação, que procuram manter a independência e qualidade de vida dos cidadãos. Tendo em conta a importância que um modelo de negócios assume para uma empresa que ambiciona atingir um nível de excelência e a oportunidade identificada no AAL, este trabalho pretende contribuir para identificar fatores determinantes nos modelos de negócio para este mercado. Considerando como referência o contexto e a estrutura da ferramenta Business Model Canvas, o trabalho desenvolvido incluiu dois grandes momentos. Em primeiro lugar analisa-se o caso de uma empresa cuja atividade se enquadra com o conceito de AAL. A empresa em questão é associada da ISA – Intelligent Sensing Anywhere, S.A., organização na qual foi realizado o estágio curricular, no âmbito do Mestrado em Gestão da Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra, que constituiu o ponto de partida para este relatório. Em segundo lugar, para permitir alargar os horizontes da análise, foram realizadas entrevistas aos responsáveis máximos de duas organizações cuja atividade é concorrente com a da empresa que constitui o objeto central do nosso caso estudo. Os elementos reunidos neste trabalho permitem destacar a importância de duas componentes que devem ser consideradas como fundamentais neste tipo de modelos de negócio: as parcerias-chave e os recursos-chave. Para a primeira componente, é ainda feita uma distinção entre três tipos de redes de parceiros, que aqui são denominadas de redes de investigação, redes de comercialização e redes de colaboração. Quanto à segunda componente, são destacados os recursos humanos e intelectuais detidos pelas empresas.
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Ribeiro, Gonçalo Gabriel Henriques Martins. "VitalHome - VitalJacket® as an AAL service for the Living Usability." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/10932.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e TelecomunicaçõesA população sénior tem crescido exponencialmente nos últimos anos, o que leva a que a procura de prestação de serviços de saúde seja maior. O projecto Living Usability Lab visa apoiar os séniors no seu quotidiano, dentro das suas habitações, de forma a melhorarem a sua qualidade de vida. O projecto VitalHome enquadra-se no âmbito do Living Usability Lab, oferecendo a possibilidade de monitorização do idoso não só na sua residência, mas também em qualquer ambiente com acesso à Internet. Neste contexto, a utilização de novas soluções a partir de tecnologias vestíveis, redes de sensores e dispositivos móveis cria a oportunidade de oferecer um acompanhamento mais próximo, com o objectivo de monitorizar o paciente na execução das diversas tarefas do quotidiano. O VitalHome apresenta uma possível solução ao problema de monitorização remota com acesso ao VitalJacket. Através de um interface simples para ambientes Android, os dados do VitalJacket são disponibilizados como um serviço através de um ficheiro WSDL. Desta forma, responde eficazmente à necessidade de ser autónomo, de interoperabilidade, de segurança, de escalabilidade, de personalização, de adaptação, de ser embebido e distribuído, entre outros. Além disto, como parte deste projecto foi também desenvolvido um website que utiliza este serviço, onde é possível visualizar os dados sobre o paciente. O sistema desenvolvido é passível de ser expandido a outras àreas da saúde e outras faixas etárias, para além do apoio aos séniores. Dada a arquitectura adoptada, o dispositivo VitalJacket é disponibilizado como um serviço, permitindo diversas utilizações futuras nas diversas àreas de pesquisa.
The senior population has grown exponentially in recent years, which means that the demand for health services is greater. The Living Usability Lab project aims to support the elderly in their daily lives, within their homes, in order to improve their quality of life. The project VitalHome ts within the Living Usability Lab, providing the possibility of monitoring the elderly not only in their homes but also in any environment with Internet access. In this context, the use of new solutions from wearable technologies, sensor networks and mobile devices creates an opportunity to provide closer monitoring, with the aim of monitoring the patient in performing the various tasks of everyday life. The VitalHome solves the problem of remote monitoring with access to VitalJacket. Through a simple interface for Android environments, Vital- Jacket's data are made available as a service through a WSDL le. Thus, e ectively responds to the need to be autonomous, interoperability, security, scalability, customization, adaptation, to be embedded and distributed, among others. In addition, as part of this project was also developed a website that consumes this service, where you can view the data acquired of a given patient. The developed system is capable of being expanded to other areas of health and other age groups, in addition to seniors' support. Given the architecture adopted, the device VitalJacket is provided as a service, allowing di erent uses in di erent areas of future research.
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Franke, Martin. "Wissensbasierte Tagesrhythmenerfassung und -auswertung in ubiquitären Umgebungen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-212279.
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Ein an geregelte Tagesablaeufe angepasstes Leben erhoeht nicht nur das allgemeine Wohlbefinden, sondern wirkt proaktiv auf Gesundheit und Stresslevel. Feste Rhythmen in Aktivitaeten im Tagesverlauf bieten Menschen Sicherheit, Struktur und Orientierung im Alltag. Eine wiederholte oder permanente Missachtung dieser Rhythmen kann zu Schlafproblemen bis hin zu chronischer Depression fuehren. Personen, die ihren festen Rhythmen nachkommen, sind hingegen weniger von diesen Krankheiten betroffen. Um diese Folgen praeventiv zu vermeiden oder zu loesen, kann der eigene Tagesablauf manuell erfasst und ausgewertet werden. Dieser aufwendige Prozess erfolgt bislang nur mit wenig, automatisierter Assistenz und kann durch computergestuetzte Verfahren erleichtert werden. Dabei ist sowohl ein lueckenloser Datensatz an Aktivitaeten, als auch das Vorhandensein von moeglichst heterogener Sensorik von Bedeutung. Durch eine entsprechende automatisierte Erkennung von Tagesrhythmen kann der Tagesablauf assistiert komplettiert werden und die heterogene Sensorik macht Abweichungen in den Routinen des Nutzers deutlich. Diese Informationen werden dann zur aktiven Lebensunterstuetzung genutzt, indem Metriken aus diesen abgeleitet oder Anomalien erkannt werden. Einen moeglichen Loesungsansatz zur automatisierten Assistenz bieten dafuer sogenannte Human Activity Recognizer Algorithms (HARA) aus dem Bereich Ambient Assisted Living (AAL).
Das Ziel dieser HARA ist es, auf Basis sensorischer Werte und individuellen Vergleichsmustern die aktuelle Aktivitaet eines Nutzers zu erkennen. Da diese Systeme haeufig im Bereich pflegebeduerftiger Personen eingesetzt werden, ist die Auswahl der erkannten Aktivitaeten jedoch sehr eingeschraenkt und bezieht sich im Regelfall auf nicht-erweiterbare, innerhaeusliche Aktivitaeten aus der Pflege. Darueber hinaus erfolgt bei diesen Systemen eine Auswertung unter der Voraussetzung, dass sich einzelne Tage in ihrem Ablauf nur wenig unterscheiden, was in anderen Anwendungsdomaenen zu Problemen fuehrt. Um zu einer weitergehenden Erfassung des Tagesablaufs zu kommen, muss neben der Auswertung sensorischer Werte auch weiteres Wissen einbezogen werden. Externe Wissensquellen maschinenauswertbar zu formalisieren, kombinieren und bestmoeglich auszuwerten, stellt eine Herausforderung dieser Arbeit dar, denn heterogene Datenquellen, unvollstaendige oder informationslose Daten erschweren dem HARA die Auswertung. Dazu muessen Methoden des maschinellen Lernens, semantischer Modellierung und Analyse untersucht und weiterentwickelt werden.
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Bernies, Danielle. "Untersuchungen zur Befallssituation des Aals Anguilla anguilla mit dem Schwimmblasenwurm Anguillicoloides crassus im Bodensee-Obersee." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-69987.
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Im Jahr 2006 wurden insgesamt 767 Aale des Bodensee-Obersees auf den Befall mit dem Schwimmblasenwurm A. crassus und dessen Folgen untersucht. Zusätzlich wurden die Befallsdaten von weiteren 2.326 Aalen aus den Jahren 1988 bis 2005 und 2007 bis 2009 ausgewertet. Weiterhin wurden in den Jahren 2006 bis 2008 eine Anzahl von 383 Kaulbarschen und zahlreiche Copepoden auf den Befall mit dem Larvenstadium von A. crassus untersucht.
Auf der Ebene der echten Zwischenwirte ließ sich A. crassus im Bodensee-Obersee im Freiwasserplankton nicht nachweisen. Jedoch konnten Copepoden der Gattung C. abyssorum experimentell mit A. crassus infiziert werden.
Der Kaulbarsch ist für A. crassus der wichtigste Stapelwirt im Bodensee-Obersee. Die untersuchten Kaulbarsche waren zwischen 18,8% und 52,1% mit A. crassus infiziert, wobei die Infektion einen deutlichen Frühjahrespeak aufwies.
Im Jahr 2006 lag die Prävalenz befallener Aale im Bodensee bei 55,6%, die durchschnittliche Befallsintensität lag bei 4,4 adulter Parasiten je Aal. Durch die Datenauswertung von insgesamt 3.425 Aalen konnte der Verlauf der Anguillicoloidose im Zeitraum von 1989 bis 2009 rekonstruiert werden. Der Höhepunkt der Infektion lag demnach im Jahr 1993 mit einer durchschnittlichen Prävalenz des Erregers von 58,3% und einer durchschnittlichen Befallsintensität von 16,6.
Seit 1996 werden die Schadwirkungen von A. crassus auf die Schwimmblase aufgezeichnet und wurden nun in dieser Arbeit ausgewertet. In diesem Zeitraum nahm die Anzahl der Aale mit schweren Schwimmblasenschäden deutlich zu. Im Jahr 2006 besaßen 89,9% der Aale eine Schwimmblase mit geringer bis sehr starker Schädigung. Bei den abwanderungswilligen Blankaalen besaßen insgesamt 10% eine Schwimmblase mit sehr starken Schäden.
Es bestand eine positive Korrelation zwischen der Größe der Aale und der Ausprägung der Schwimmblasenschäden. Weiterhin wurde ein negativer Einfluss durch den Befall mit Larven von A. crassus auf das Milzgewicht beobachtet. Der Befall mit abgestorbenen Adulten war mit Anämie korreliert.
Durch den kumulativen Effekt der Schwimmblasenschäden, die durch die Infektion mit A. crassus hervorgerufen werden, werden vor allen Dingen größere Aale im Bodensee-Obersee beeinträchtigt. Eine parasiteninduzierte Mortalität von A. crassus liegt jedoch nicht vor.
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Thielen, Frankie [Verfasser]. "Der Einfluss einwandernder Amphipodenarten auf die Parasitozönose des Europäischen Aals (Anguilla anguilla) / von Frankie Thielen." Karlsruhe : Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2006. http://d-nb.info/980690293/34.
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Perez-Urbina, Hector M. "Tractable query answering for description logics via query rewriting." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cd62cd80-aa62-467b-87cd-4b9d0cfb2dbd.
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We consider the problem of answering conjunctive queries over description logic knowledge bases via query rewriting. Given a conjunctive query Q and a TBox T, we compute a new query Q′ that incorporates the semantic consequences of T such that, for any ABox A, evaluating Q over T and A can be done by evaluating the new query Q′ over A alone. We present RQR—a novel resolution-based rewriting algorithm for the description logic ELHIO¬ that generalizes and extends existing approaches. RQR not only handles a spectrum of logics ranging from DL-Lite_core up to ELHIO¬, but it is worst-case optimal with respect to data complexity for all of these logics; moreover, given the form of the rewritten queries, their evaluation can be delegated to off-the-shelf (deductive) database systems. We use RQR to derive the novel complexity results that conjunctive query answering for ELHIO¬ and DL-Lite+ are, respectively, PTime and NLogSpace complete with respect to data complexity. In order to show the practicality of our approach, we present the results of an empirical evaluation. Our evaluation suggests that RQR, enhanced with various straightforward optimizations, can be successfully used in conjunction with a (deductive) database system in order to answer queries over knowledge bases in practice. Moreover, in spite of being a more general procedure, RQR will often produce significantly smaller rewritings than the standard query rewriting algorithm for the DL-Lite family of logics.
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Street, Sarah. "Financial and political aspects of state intervention in the British film industry, 1925-1939." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:aeedf404-aa82-4a7e-a1b7-feb626ffff81.
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During this period the state's interest in the film industry took several different forms. The area of films policy explored in this thesis is the economic protection of the commercial film industry against the high percentage of American films screened in Britain and the Empire. I begin in 1925 because it was not until then that active steps were taken by the government, in response to agitation from producers and those who saw film as a bond of Empire and advertisement for British goods and 'way of life', leading to the Cinematograph Films Act, 1927. This proposed, for political, cultural, moral and economic reasons, that renters and exhibitors should acquire and show a percentage of British films. There was no subsidy for producers or a heavy duty levied on American film imports. The origins, impact and character of official film policy are explored in the thesis with particular attention to financial and political aspects. An attempt is made to explain why policy was limited to film quotas together with an assessment of their impact on the industry's economic development. Details are also given on how the film industry's affairs became caught up in wider debates on tariff policy in the 1920s and in Anglo-American relations ten years later. The first three chapters deal with the evolution, promulgation and initial impact of the Cinematograph Films Act, 1927. Chapter 4 examines the deliberations of the Moyne Committee, established in 1936 to review the film industry's progress. The last three chapters analyse the three major influences on policy during the making of the 1938 Films Act: the campaigns of British film trade interests; the state of Anglo-American relations and film finance. In the final assessment the major influences that shaped policy are outlined together with conclusions on the industry's position and problems on the eve of the Second World War.
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Emlyn, Rhun. "Myfyrwyr canoloesol Cymreig a'u gyrfaoedd." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/e91f09c7-9f4a-4635-aac2-e012792eb07a.
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Roedd twf y prifysgolion yn un o ddatblygiadau pwysicaf yr oesoedd canol a gafodd effaith ddwys ar yr eglwys a’r gymdeithas ehangach. Bwriad yr astudiaeth hon yw ystyried y datblygiad hwn yn y cyd-destun Cymreig trwy drafod presenoldeb y Cymry yng nghanolfannau dysg Lloegr a’r cyfandir a gweld effaith eu cyfnod o astudio ar eu gyrfaoedd. Trwy wneud hyn fe ddyfnheir ein dealltwriaeth o effaith y prifysgolion ar Gymru a’r modd yr oedd y Cymry yn rhan o’r gymdeithas ehangach Ewropeaidd. Yn gyntaf astudir y Cymry ym mhrifysgolion Rhydychen a Chaergrawnt; yn y sefydliadau hyn, a Rhydychen yn fwy penodol, yr astudiodd y rhan fwyaf o fyfyrwyr Cymreig yr oesoedd canol ac felly gellir cael golwg cyffredinol ar y gymuned academaidd Gymreig. Yna edrychir ar y presenoldeb Cymreig ym mhrifysgol Paris a chanolfannau dysg eraill y cyfandir gan ystyried y ffactorau a arweiniodd at eu presenoldeb yno ac astudiaethau’r Cymry yn y cyd-destun rhyngwladol. Yn dilyn eu cyfnod yn y prifysgolion, arweiniwyd y Cymry ar nifer o lwybrau gyrfa gwahanol ac fe ffocysir ar y rhain ym mhenodau olaf y traethawd. Edrychir ar eu gyrfaoedd mewn dau faes gwahanol, sef yn gyntaf hierarchaeth eglwysig ac yna gwasanaeth cyfreithiol a gweinyddol, er mwyn deall cyfraniad eu haddysg at eu llwyddiant diweddarach. Trwy’r astudiaeth gwelir arwyddocâd y prifysgolion hyn i Gymru’r oesoedd canol.
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Ronan, Edward. "Understanding vaccine induced protective immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c0d7b20f-e144-42f8-aa52-301d0938b0b3.
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The current worldwide epidemic of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is a huge global health problem. Widespread BCG vaccination remains a useful tool in combating this epidemic; however, its variable efficacy requires urgent development of novel vaccines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Such a candidate vaccine is a serotype 5 adenovirus expressing antigen 85A from M. tuberculosis (Ad85A). In animal models Ad85A confers significant protection when administered intra-nasally. The work in this thesis demonstrates that intra-nasal immunisation with Ad85A results in inhibition of M. tuberculosis growth in the lung early after infection, in contrast to the late inhibition induced by parenterally administered vaccines. Early inhibition correlates with the presence in the lung of a highly activated population of antigen-specific CD8 T cells, maintained for at least 6 months post-immunisation by persistent antigen. For intra-nasal Ad85A to be effective, the vaccine must be delivered into the lower respiratory tract, as immunisation targeting only the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) does not result in protection. Following a change of animal facility, the lung immune response to intra-dermal immunisation with Ad85A increased and this route of immunisation now induced protection, though growth of M. tuberculosis was inhibited only late after infection. However, this response and protection can be altered by exposure to environmental mycobacteria. Further experiments showed that simultaneous respiratory and parenteral immunisations (SIM) act additively, where local lung immunity inhibits the growth of M. tuberculosis early after infection and systemic immunity protects later. SIM regimes generate greatly improved protection over either immunisation alone and do not depend on priming and boosting.
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Bailey, Lucy. "Birth rites : power, the body and the self in transition to motherhood." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/f31dfaf7-360a-4125-aa62-1892550867c6.
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This research examines theories of power, the body and the self by studying theoretically and empirically the transition to motherhood. Drawing on both textual analyses and semi-structured interviews with thirty middle-class women shortly before and shortly after they become mothers for the first time, it is argued that pregnancy and maternity leave are liminal periods during which identity is re-negotiated. The interview data, although not claimed to be a representative study, are used to comment on theories of the self in late modernity. It is suggested that the women's sense of self is refracted, rather than fragmented, through the transition; and that they are excused from elements in their old narrative sense of self for the period of pregnancy, although continuity in the narrative is likely to be reasserted upon entering motherhood. The importance of bodily change to self-identity is investigated through the example of pregnancy and birth. Three key dimensions of the women's shifting gender identity are identified as being sexuality, shape and space. Comparisons between the women's discourses of motherhood and employment are used to reveal not only tensions but important commonalities. Professional identity is shown to be a concern, and the means by which it is ensured in this new context are explored. Resources available to the women in managing their transition are identified. These include a range of discourses to which they have access, various experts who are used to help mediate the period of uncertainty and the women's own practices of the self Comparison between the textual and interview material is used to posit that the women have a degree of agency in this process. Finally, different ways of conceptualising this agency - inter- spatiality, counterpoint and inscription - are proposed to replace/ enhance the established language of resistance.
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Sharma, Vikram Pramod. "Genetics and pathophysiology of coronal craniosynostosis revealed by next-generation DNA sequencing." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cf124e89-aa52-4d76-ac0f-83208afa4b3a.
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This thesis further delineates the molecular genetic basis of a relatively common craniofacial condition, coronal craniosynostosis. It used whole-exome sequencing to identify novel disease genes in patients with non-syndromic coronal synostosis and negative genetic testing. Initially, 2 patients were identified with damaging, frameshift mutations in a gene not previously linked with craniosynostosis – Transcription Factor 12 (TCF12). A further intronic mutation was identified in a third patient. This gene encodes a transcription factor that dimerises with TWIST1, mutations of which cause Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, also associated with coronal synostosis. Screening 344 undiagnosed patients identified 35 further mutations, all with coronal synostosis with 14 cases arising de novo. This work was published and testing for TCF12-related craniosynostosis was translated clinically. Significant non-penetrance (60%) was identified in mutation-positive relatives and the genetic background was investigated. Firstly, analysis of parental origins of de novo mutations identified 6 of paternal origin and helped refine haplotype assignment. Secondly, haplotype analysis of TCF12-mutation carriers revealed modest correlation with phenotypic status, but this was insufficient to be useful in clinical testing. Thirdly, TCF12 haplotypes were analysed for association with non-syndromic coronal synostosis, but no significant association was found. Further exome sequencing revealed a de novo frameshift mutation in Transcription Factor 20 (TCF20) in a patient with coronal synostosis and autism, although the mutation only correlated with the latter phenotype. Analysis of 5 trios revealed a novel variant in myosin heavy chain 4 (MYH4) in 1 family, although its role in suture development is uncertain. Reviewing pooled exome data from 19 mutation-negative patients revealed no further disease genes. In summary, this thesis describes novel gene discovery, defines a new clinical entity and investigates genetic background of penetrant and non-penetrant individuals. Further exome sequencing identified another disease gene, a de novo mutation and compiled lists of damaging variants to allow future work.
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Zhao, Zhe. "Transcription regulation of Nrp1 during endothelial cell differentiation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a76152dd-72f0-450c-aad2-d0db732f2e6d.
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Various diseases, including cancer, stroke and heart attack, are associated with disruption of the vascular system. However, lack of a profound understanding of the transcription regulation during vascular development hinders the formation of effective molecular intervention strategies targeting angiogenesis. Here we describe an enhancer of Neuropilin1 (Nrp1) from the second intron of the gene that directs arterial and coronary endothelial cell-specific expression. Mice transgenic for either human or mouse sequences of the Nrp1in2 enhancers drove expression of the LacZ reporter gene specifically in the endothelial cells within the arterial compartment from early in development, while no expression was detected in veins. In addition, the hNrp1in2 enhancer directed expression to the endothelial cells in the developing coronary vasculature, with the initial expansion from around the sinus venosus at E11.5, and eventually contributed to the capillary, venous and arterial compartments of the coronary vessels but not the endocardium. This expression pattern is consistent with that reported in the Apelin-nlacZ line (Red-Horse et al., 2010), making the Nrp1 enhancer the first identified mammalian regulating enhancer of the coronary endothelial cell. Phylogenetic footprinting, and a tissue culture reporter assay suggested that this enhancer contains a 184bp minimal core region hNrp1in2peakA2 that recapitulates the expression profile of the full length enhancer. hNrp1in2peakA2 has conserved and in vitro validated recognition sites for Gata, Ets, and Fox. The validated Fox and Ets sites form a functional FOX:ETS motif, and the FOX:ETS motif is responsible for synergistic activation ofthe enhancer by FoxC2 and Etv2 in reporter assays. Mutation introduction to the functional Ets sites or compound ablation of the Gata and Fox site in hNrp1in2peakA2 result in total loss of vascular expression, in terms of both arterial and coronary expression. The Fox, Ets and Gata recognition sites may be sufficient to achieve arterial- and coronary- specific expression of the hNrp1in2peakA2.
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Song, Xiaoling. "Generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against scorpion toxin AalT as glutathione S-transferase fusion protein." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22399.pdf.
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Franconi, Andrea. "Role of telomerase and β-catenin aberrant activation in benign and malignant liver tumorigenesis." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB043.
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Les adénomes hépatocellulaires (AHC) sont des tumeurs bénignes rares dérivant de la prolifération d'hépatocytes et se développent dans un contexte hépatique par ailleurs normal, principalement chez des femmes suite à la prise de contraceptifs oraux. D'autres études ont identifié des facteurs de risque supplémentaires comme le syndrome métabolique et des mutations germinales d’HNF1α. Les travaux réalisés dans le laboratoire ont permis le classement des AHC en cinq sous-groupes : 1) les AHC-H avec des mutations inactivatrices du facteur de transcription HNF1α, 2) AHC-I avec une activation de la voie inflammatoire, 3) B-AHC portant des mutations activatrices du gène CTNNB1, codant pour la β-caténine 4) Sh-AHC avec une activation de la voie sonic hedgehog et 5) U-AHC sans altération moléculaire spécifique trouvée à ce jour. Les AHC montrent un faible risque de transformation maligne en carcinome hépatocellulaire (CHC). Le CHC est la deuxième cause de décès liés au cancer dans le monde entier, ce qui en fait un problème majeur de santé publique. Le CHC se développe dans 90% des cas sur un foie cirrhotique et est lié à une infection virale (VHB et HCV), à une consommation d'alcool et au syndrome métabolique. L'une des modifications génétiques les plus fréquentes dans les CHC est la réactivation de la télomérase (TERT), une enzyme clé nécessaire à la maintenance des télomères. Tout d'abord, dans nos travaux, nous avons cherché à établir une corrélation génotype-phénotype des AHC activés pour la β-caténine pour mieux comprendre l'hétérogénéité des tumeurs et le risque de transformation maligne. Notre étude a permis d'identifier trois sous-groupes d’AHC mutés CTNNB1 selon le type de mutation : mutations fortement, modérément et faiblement activatrices. De façon intéressante, chaque type de mutation présentait immuno marquage spécifique de la GS et un risque de transformation maligne diffèrent. En plus, nous avons identifié la mutation du promoteur de TERT comme un événement tardif au cours de la tumorigenèse nécessaire à la transformation des AHC-B en CHC. Deuxièmement, en raison de l’importance de la réactivation de TERT dans les tumeurs du foie, nous avons testé un nouveau traitement potentiel basé sur des oligonucléotides antisens conduisant à l’inhibition de l’expression transcriptionelle de TERT. En accord avec l'érosion progressive des séquences télomériques qui se produisent à chaque division cellulaire, nous avons pu observer un effet sur la prolifération cellulaire après traitement à long terme. Nous avons montré que les effets observés étaient liés au raccourcissement des télomères. De plus, nous avons identifié AAV2 comme un nouveau virus lié au développement de rares cas de CHC. Nos résultats sont soutenus par l'expansion clonale des cellules tumorales avec insertion virale, la surexpression des gènes insérés et l'insertion observée uniquement dans des gènes déjà connus pour être impliqués dans la tumorigenèse comme TERT, TNFSF10, MLL4, CCNA2 et CCNE1. En conclusion, dans nos études, nous avons affiné la classification des AHC, avec des possibles applications dans la prise en charge clinique des patients pour identifier le meilleur traitement selon le type de mutation et le risque de transformation maligne. De plus, nous avons obtenu des résultats prometteurs concernant l'utilisation de TERT comme cible thérapeutique. Cependant, des études supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour mieux évaluer les effets du traitement par ASO contre le TERT sur la physiologie cellulaire et les avantages possibles avec des combinaisons thérapeutiques. Enfin, nos résultats remettent en question la sécurité des thérapies génique basées sur l'AAV actuellement en cours, mais des études supplémentaires sont actuellement en cours au laboratoire pour comprendre les conséquences et les mécanismes impliqués dans de l'insertion viraleHepatocellular adenomas (HCA) are rare benign tumors deriving from proliferation of hepatocytes occurring in normal liver background mainly of female patients with history of oral contraceptive assumption. Further studies identified additional risk factors as metabolic syndromes and germline mutations. Works performed in the laboratory allowed the classification of HCA in five subgroups: 1) H-HCA with inactivating mutation of transcription factor HNF1α, 2) I-HCA with activation of the inflammatory pathway, 3) B-HCA carrying activating mutations of CTNNB1 gene, coding for β-catenin 4) Sh-HCA with activation of the sonic hedgehog pathway and 5) U-HCA with no specific alteration found to date. HCA show an average low risk of malignant transformation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC is the second cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide making it a major problem of public health. HCC development occurs in 90% of the cases on cirrhotic background and is linked to virus infection (HBV and HCV), alcohol intake and metabolic syndromes. One of the most frequent genetic alterations in HCC is the reactivation of TERT, a key enzyme necessary for telomeres maintenance. First, in our works we aimed to perform a correlation between genotype and phenotype of β-catenin activated HCA to better understand tumor heterogeneity and risk of malignant transformation. Our study allowed the identification of three subgroups of CTNNB1 mutated HCA according to the mutation type: highly, moderately and weakly activating mutations. Interestingly each type of mutation showed specific IHC staining for GS and risk of malignant transformation. Additionally we identified TERT promoter mutation as a late event in tumorigenesis necessary for HCA transformation in HCC with a significant correlation with CTNNB1 alterations. Second, due to the relevance of TERT reactivation in tumors, we tested a new potential treatment based on antisense oligonucleotides leading to TERT transcript ablation and lack of protein production. According to the slow erosion of the telomere sequences that occurs at each cell division, we were able to observe some effect on cell proliferation with long-term treatment. We showed that the observed effects were linked to telomere shortening. Further, we identified AAV2 as a new virus linked to tumor formation. Our results are supported by the clonal expansion of cells with viral insertion, overexpression of the inserted genes and insertion observed only in genes already known to be involved in tumorigenesis like TERT, TNFSF10, MLL4, CCNA2 and CCNE1. Taken together, in our studies we refined HCA classification, with possible direct applications in the clinical care of the patients in identifying the best treatment according to mutation type and risk of malignant transformation. Additionally we obtained promising results regarding using TERT as a therapeutic target. Still, additional studies are needed to better assess the effects of ASO treatment against TERT on cell physiology and possible advantages in using combination therapies. Finally, our findings challenge the safety of AAV based targeted therapies currently ongoing but additional studies to understand the effective consequences and mechanisms of viral insertion are object of current work in the laboratory
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Harris, Carol, Michele Mascari, Kevin Rice, Jeff Smith, and John Steedman. "ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER MODE (ATM) CONVERSION DEVICE (ACD)." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607525.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 27-30, 1997 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaThe Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Conversion Device (ACD) System is based on state-of-the-art ATM technology. The system interfaces between high-rate ECL/RS-422 raw data bitstreams and Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) OC-3 fiber. The SONET OC-3 interface uses ATM Adaptation Layer Type Five (AAL5) format. The system exceeds its 50 Mbps raw data, single stream requirement and provides single stream raw data throughput at rates up to 75 Mbps. With ATM and SONET packaging overhead, this translates into 90 Mbps on the OC-3 fiber. In addition to high-rate throughput, the system provides multiplexing and demultiplexing of multiple stream throughput based on the ATM cell header Virtual Path and Virtual Channel Identifier (VPI/VCI) values. The system is designed with the flexibility to provide between three and six throughput channels. All of which are multiplexed/demultiplexed to and from the same OC-3 interface. Multiple stream cumulative raw data throughput rates of up to 80 Mbps, or 96 Mbps on the fiber, have successfully run.
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Ogez, Brittney Dawn. "Efficacy of AAV2 and AAV8 to cross the blood brain barrier in the MPS IIIA mouse model." Oklahoma City : [s.n.], 2009.
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Nunally, Michael Lee. "Website Design and Development for College and University Recreation Programs Accredited by the NRPA/AALR Council on Accreditation." TopSCHOLAR®, 2004. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/209.
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This study identified current trends in website design and development for college and university recreation programs accredited by the NRPA/AALR Council on Accreditation. Emphasis was on design, content, governance, and development. The study was an attempt to provide insight for program administrators by identifying current practices related to website design and development. This was the first study to identify current trends in website design and development at nationally accredited recreation programs. This information can be used to evaluate existing websites and plan future website development.
Data were collected using an electronic survey instrument created with E-listen software. Three invitations were emailed to program administrators at college and university recreation programs accredited by the NRPA/AALR Council on Accreditation (n=98). Basic descriptive statistics including measures of central tendency and frequency distributions were calculated to address the research questions.
The results of this study showed that faculty were most often responsible for their program’s website construction, content and design input, and maintenance. Students did not play a large role in these responsibilities. The websites were most commonly maintained monthly.
The most common components available on program websites were informative and served as marketing and recruiting tools. The majority of websites did not contain components for student entertainment or communication. Over half of the websites included links to professional organizations’ homepages. Just under half of the websites did not include a link to the National Recreation and Park Association.
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Dönni, Werner. "Verteilungsdynamik der Fische in einer Staustufe des Hochrheins : mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Ökologie des Aals (Anguilla anguilla L.) /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1993. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=10287.
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Zentek, Tom [Verfasser], and R. [Akademischer Betreuer] Studer. "Ein wissensbasiertes Framework zur flexiblen Konfiguration von AAL-Umgebungen / Tom Zentek. Betreuer: R. Studer." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1068868902/34.
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Reis, e. Sousa Caetano Maria Pacheco Pais dos. "Phagocytosis of antigens by Langerhans cells." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1f69e0f0-1d08-4c2f-aa02-216231100f14.
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Mature dendritic cells (DC) isolated from lymphoid tissues initiate antigen-specific T-dependent responses even though they are non-phagocytic and weakly pinocytic, whereas Langerhans cells (LC; immature DC) can process protein antigens but are poorly immunostimulatory. Thus antigens may be acquired by cells of this lineage at an immature stage but, to our knowledge, there have been no studies on the phagocytic capacity of these cells in vitro. Using a newly-developed flow cytometric assay to measure the association between fluorescent markers and LC in epidermal cell cultures, and light and electron microscopy, we have observed phagocytosis of a variety of particles by freshly-isolated LC. The cells readily phagocytosed zymosan, heat-killed S. cerevisiae, bacteria (S. aureus and C. parvum) and fluorescent latex beads, but were unable to take up IgG- or complement-coated sheep erythrocytes, as opposed to MØ. Similarly, many freshly-isolated splenic DC had some phagocytic activity. However, the capacity of both LC and splenic DC to phagocytose zymosan, bacteria and fluorescent latex beads was markedly decreased after maturation in culture, consistently with the fact that mature DC are poorly phagocytic. Zymosan binding and uptake were much greater in fresh LC from C57BL/6 compared to BALB/c mice, and the loss of phagocytic capacity for zymosan during maturation followed different kinetics in the two strains. Two receptors mediating uptake of zymosan in LC were identified based on the effect of different inhibitors. Both of these receptors, recognising mannose and β-glucan residues, appear to be differentially regulated in the two mouse strains and during culture of LC. Our findings support the notion that DC are capable of acquiring particulate antigens for presentation at an immature stage, through recognition units for carbohydrate determinants common to a variety of potentially pathogenic organisms.
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Islam, G. "Evaluating reactivity and sorptivity of fly ash for use in concrete construction." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2012. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/94122abd-aa82-4c91-85ea-079505e14489.
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This thesis describes research carried out to investigate techniques for (i) rapidly assessing the reactivity of fly ash; and (ii) evaluating its interaction with air-entraining admixtures (AEAs), both with regard to use in concrete. The materials considered for the project included, 54 fly ashes from 8 UK sources, and an additional three materials from Bangladesh, covering a range of fineness, loss-on-ignition (LOI) and production conditions (run-of-station, carbon removed, air-classified, co-combustion, oxy-fuel technology); Portland Cements (PCs) from five UK sources with various properties (strength classes 32.5 R, 42.5 N and 52.5 N); laboratory grade hydrated and quick limes; and three commercial AEAs and a standard laboratory grade reagent (surfactant). The research examining fly ash reactivity considered activity index tests to BS EN 450 (BSI, 2005c) as the reference and investigated tests covering fly ash properties/providing measures of fly ash behaviour to rapidly assess this. These included (i) fly ash fineness (45 µm sieve residue, or LASER particle size distribution (PSD) parameters), LOI and flow properties; (ii) accelerated curing of PC and lime-based mortars (iii) lime consumption by fly ash when combined with PC in paste or suspension (Frattini) or from a saturated lime solution; (iv) various measures of fly ash chemical composition (based on oxide/mineralogical analysis); and (v) a quicklime slaking test. The test results were validated by strength tests with 100 mm concrete cube. Results of the above indicated good correlations between fly ash fineness, mortar flow/water requirement and (pozzolanic) activity index (standard or accelerated curing). However, fly ash reactivity and fresh properties appeared to be influenced by the properties of the test PC (e.g. chemical composition and fineness) and there is a need to take this into account during assessment. Generally, finer fly ashes gave better flow; however, there is an optimum fineness (d90 ~40 µm) for best performance, and which is similar to the fineness of the test PC. Strong correlations between the accelerated and standard cured PC-based mortar indicate the latter can be used to estimate the former taking account of the fly ash properties. In view of eliminating the effect of PC properties on reactivity, mortar tests with laboratory grade hydrated lime suggested potential for this. However, for better assessment, this approach requires further work to address issues relating to slower rates of strength gain and increased time requirements, although high temperature conditions were used for curing. Measuring Ca(OH)2 consumption from fly ash/PC paste or suspension agreed with the behaviour in mortar, but needs special instruments (e.g. TGA or XRF). A similar approach with saturated lime did not work well, despite several measures being taken to try and improve this. The oxide and mineralogical analysis results of fly ash did not give good correlations with activity index, but improved when a factor combining them with fineness was considered. The test results were validated in concrete and with air-classified fly ashes from single sources which gave clear trend/behaviour. The lime slaking test was found to be ineffective for identifying fly ash reactivity. The reactivity assessment results were validated by carrying out concrete strength tests. In general, more consistent trends were obtained for fly ash from single source as noted with mortar earlier. Methods adopted/developed to assess the interaction of fly ash with AEA included (i) the foam index test; (ii) acid blue 80 (AB80) dye adsorption test (spectroscopic method); and (iii) methylene blue test. High variability in foam index test results between different operators were noted, which reflected differences in the degree of shaking applied and difficulties in identification of the test end point. Adoption of an automatic shaker and determination of suitable test conditions reduced this by more than 50%. Reliable test procedures were also established for the AB80 dye adsorption method. The results obtained from these tests gave very good correlations with fly ash specific surface area and the AEA dose required (both with commercial AEAs and standard reagent) for achieving target air contents in mortar and concrete. The methylene blue dye test also gave good correlations with these parameters, but was less effective for low LOI fly ashes. Between laboratory tests were carried out at three UKQAA members and considered, LOI, fineness (45 µm sieve and LASER PSD), and activity index. The results gave good agreement with those obtained at the Concrete Technology Unit for this work and again emphasized the role of fly ash fineness on its reactivity. Overall, fly ash fineness was found to be the best means of rapidly assessing its reactivity. Some of the other methods considered gave promising behaviour but require further refinements. Therefore, it is suggested that in addition to 45 µm sieve residue, other types of fineness measurement (e.g. sub 10 µm quantities, d50 and d90) can be considered suitable alternatives to activity index. Similarly, foam index tests with the automatic shaker or the AB80 test method could both be used as fly ash physical requirement tests, or in production control for air-entrained concrete.
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Zieleniewski, Simon. "Science with integral field spectrographs present and future." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:53b2f52e-f42c-4635-aaa2-e88660e29202.
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In the first part of this thesis we use the Oxford Short Wavelength Integral Field spec- Trograph (SWIFT) to trace radial variations of initial mass function (IMF) sensitive stellar absorption features in several galaxies. We observe M31 and M32, the two massive Coma brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs), NGC4889 and NGC4874, and the BCG in the Coma south-west cluster NGC4839. We measure equivalent widths of the sodium NaI ?8190 doublet, calcium triplet CaT ?8498, 8542, 8662 and Wing-Ford band FeH ?9916. In M31 we find a strong NaI gradient within the central 10 arcsec (38 pc) in contrast to a at FeH profile. M32 displays at profiles for all three indices, with similar FeH but lower NaI strengths compared with M31. Using stellar population synthesis (SPS) models we find that M31 and M32 are well described by a Chabrier IMF throughout, although M31 displays a strong negative gradient in Na abundance within the inner 30 pc reaching [Na/Fe] ~ +1:0 at the centre. Within NGC4889 we again find a strong NaI gradient and flat FeH profile and derive a Chabrier, or even bottom-light IMF, with a strong Na abundance gradient. This suggests conflict with recent evidence for an increased IMF slope with increased velocity dispersion in early type galaxies. We also infer a Chabrier IMF for NGC4874. However, for NGC4839 we measure both strong NaI and strong FeH, which may be evidence for a bottom-heavy IMF. The IMFs we infer for the BCGs are supported by optical index measurements and dynamical modelling results from the literature. Our galaxies cover a wide range of central velocity dispersions (60-400kms-1) and we find no IMF variation at both lowest and highest masses, with only one galaxy showing evidence for a bottom-heavy IMF. In the second part we present HSIM: a dedicated pipeline for simulating observations with HARMONI on the European ELT. HSIM takes high spectral and spatial resolution input data cubes, encoding physical descriptions of astrophysical sources, and incorporates detailed models of the sky, telescope and instrument to produce realistic mock data cubes. We employ a new method of incorporating the strongly wavelength dependent adaptive optics point spread functions. HSIM provides an advancement upon traditional exposure time calculators and allows us to predict the feasibility of a given observing programme with HARMONI through the full analysis of mock data. We use HSIM to predict the performance of the current HARMONI design, through point source sensitivities and noise regimes for each operating mode. We find that HARMONI will be predominately read-out noise limited in the R- and H-bands, but heavily background-limited for the majority of K- band modes. The coarsest 30x60 mas spatial scale offers background-limited observations in all bands. We compare the visible wavelength AO performance between HARMONI and MUSE, finding that HARMONI offers improved sensitivity at Ha, and longer, wavelengths. Lastly, we perform a suite of HSIM simulations of star-forming emission-line galaxies at z ~2-3. We detail the construction of input data cubes using two separate generation methods. We show that HARMONI will provide exquisite resolved spectroscopy of these objects, probing and deriving properties of individual star forming complexes down to at least ~ 350 pc in size. It will be possible to spatially resolve the sub-kpc star-forming complexes of multiple bright galaxies in a single night, which represents a large increase in observing efficiency over current telescopes and instruments.
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Congdon, Venetia. "Nourishing the nation : manifestations of Catalan national identity through food." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1c07c9a3-3351-46ef-aa02-833dddde375f.
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In this thesis I ask whether food can be used to express Catalan national identity, and if so, in what ways this occurs. In doing so, I consider the lived realities of nationalist movements, rather than simply the ideas and political claims that inform such movements. The Catalan Autonomous Community in northeast Spain is an ideal place to research this issue, due to the strengthening of nationalist sentiments there in light of the rise in support for independence from Spain. I wished to see whether this had any effect on the connections between food and national identity (or gastronationalism). National identity and food are connected in many diverse and varied ways. Food culture allows us to reflect on national identity as a whole. Themes which commonly appear in nationalist discourse, such as cultural specificity, historicism, or landscape (to name but a few), also inform discussions of national food identity. In the present case, while other markers of identity (e.g. language) are also important, ideals of Catalan nationalism may take the guise of Catalan gastronationalism as well. The current pro-independence movement has had the effect of making Catalans more aware of their cultural symbols, including cuisine, which is now one of many such symbols that can be mobilized for the expression of national identity.
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James, Robert. "The population dynamics of the black-backed jackal (Canis mesomelas) in game farm ecosystems of South Africa." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2014. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/2adb7302-01c8-4f72-aa82-8b1d9dca922f.
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Few studies have attempted to investigate carnivore dynamics in the privatised agricultural sector of South Africa. As such, the effect of lethal predator management on carnivore populations in private game-farms remains unclear. The black-backed jackal (Canis mesomelas) is one of a number of species that has historically been perceived as a threat to economic security and has frequently been targeted as a pest species. Despite efforts to reduce or remove C. mesomelas from livestock producing areas, recent land owner questionnaires and faecal density surveys report this species as prevalent. The mechanism by which this species persists under such circumstances is currently under debate, and remains a significant question that restricts the sustainable management of this species.
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Caffyn, Sarah Jane. "The scope for the application of continuous improvement to the process of new product development." Thesis, University of Brighton, 1998. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/cf90bb05-cff3-44bd-aaa2-6e50b712bb97.
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This is an investigation into the scope for applying continuous improvement (CI) to the process of new product development (NPD). The thesis makes two main contributions to knowledge. Firstly, it brings together the fields of continuous improvement of processes and NPD, which both have their own literature and research activity but have hitherto remained somewhat separated from each other. Secondly, it develops and tests an analytical model to support the implementation of CI within NPD.
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Galler, Samuel. "Meeting in the middle : a multi-level analysis of Chinese HIV civil organisations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6bc52448-aa42-4549-b879-a58be57a2239.
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Civil organisations play a key intermediary role in the middle layer between high- level policies and individual-level outcomes in international development. By triangulating among seven Chinese HIV civil organisations with varying organisational models, I examine intermediary activity that illuminates the mechanisms by which civil organisations operate and extends theory about organisations and civil society. Development studies research can benefit from multi-level analyses of organisational processes, which provide insight into how civil organisations shape institutions and networks. My case studies show several new mechanisms that enable organisations to survive and operate in politically fraught conditions, and they offer insight into the complex interactions that allow civil organisations to operate in such contexts. First, HIV civil organisations manage associative stigma resultant from their core activities. I observe that market relationships can buffer against associative stigma transfer for organisations, with many leaders re-positioning their organisations relative to stigmatised individuals, recasting them as employees, customers, and users rather than constituents. Second, these groups use hybrid organising to better manage political risks and build partnerships through selective coupling of organisational components. Hybrid strategies can provide resilience to threats and improve resource management in institutionally plural environments. Third, HIV civil organisations engage in detached, informal, and interactive collaboration with state actors, enabling greater autonomy and innovation among civil actors and reducing risk for state actors. I trace interactions between these strategic activities at the levels of organisational activities, structures, and networks, finding that reproducing ambiguity can sustain new types of collaborations. These findings suggest a need to reconsider the role civil organisations play in society, calling attention to organisational processes that allow these actors agency in brokering flows of information and shaping formation of networks. By viewing civil organisations as intermediaries, new directions can be identified for development policy and practice.
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Tshilenge, Kizito tshitoko. "Optimisation du transfert de gène dans les cellules ganglionnaires rétiniennes de chien et de primate non-humain avec un vecteur AAV2 : implications pour le traitement par une approche d’optogénétique du modèle canin RPE65." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT1005/document.
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Les dystrophies rétiniennes héréditaires (DRH) sont un ensemble de pathologies rétiniennes incurable provoquant la cécité. Les DRH sont caractérisées par le dysfonctionnement/dégénérescence des photorécepteurs et le remodelage de la structure de la rétine. Une des approches thérapeutiques envisagées pour traiter les DRH est la thérapie génique spécifique, c’est à dire le remplacement du gène défectueux par un gène sain. Cependant, bien qu’efficace, la thérapie génique spécifique n’est pas toujours applicable, en particulier quand la dégénérescence est trop avancée ou quand le gène muté n’est pas connu. Afin de traiter tous les cas de DRH quelle que soit leur origine génétique et leur stade de progression, une approche de thérapie génique d’addition est envisagée : Le transfert d’optogène. Cela consiste à convertir les cellules encore présentes dans la rétine malgré la dégénérescence, en cellule photosensible suite à l’expression d’un optogène (protéine photosensible). Mon projet de thèse a consisté dans un premier temps à évaluer le transfert de gène avec un vecteur AAV2/2 dans les cellules ganglionnaires rétiniennes de chien et de primate non-humain. Cette première partie a permis d’initier un second projet qui a eu pour objectif d’évaluer l’efficacité du transfert d’optogène (Channelrhodopsin-2) pour la restauration de la fonction visuelle dans un modèle canin de dystrophie rétinienne (le chien Rpe65- /-)Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRD), a group of incurable retinal pathologies, are associated with visual impairments due to a malfunction and/or degeneration of photoreceptors and/or retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Significant progress in the field of gene therapy has allowed the development and the characterization of an innovative tool to treat IRD patients: recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV) that carry and deliver therapeutic nucleic acids. However, due to the heterogenic nature of IRD, gene supplementation will not allow to treat all forms of IRD because: (i) the numbers of mutated genes are unknown according to the state of art; (ii) the dominant forms of IRD in which mutations lead to negative effects are not eligible; (iii) the limit of AAV packaging excludes large-sized mutated genes and (iv) this approach is only applicable when photoreceptors are still alive. To treat all IRD patients, a novel therapeutic approach, independently of the mutated gene and the disease kinetic is suitable: the optogene transfer (light-sensitive protein) to restore photosensitivity in neurodegenerative retina by converting surviving retinal cells into photosensors. The primary goal of my research was to promote and characterize adeno-associated virus type 2-(AAV2) transduction in retinal ganglion cells of dog and non-human primate. A second aim was to investigate the feasibility of AAV2-mediated optogenes transfer in retinal ganglion cells as a therapeutic approach to restore visual function in RPE65 deficient dog, a canine model of IRDs
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Lallemand, Bertrand. "Sensibilité des structures aux incertitudes des paramètres endogènes par l'utilisation du formalisme flou." Valenciennes, 1998. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/2c2799e7-6b47-4c57-aa92-623e62ccacbf.
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La prise en compte des incertitudes ou des imprécisions endogènes en calcul des structures mécaniques est un problème difficile à appréhender. Ce dernier est généralement traite par des approches probabilistes. Cependant, ces différentes techniques sont soient difficiles à mettre en œuvre, soit couteuses en termes de temps de calculs et de moyens informatiques. Forts de ce constat, nous étudions le potentiel de l'utilisation du formalisme flou, permettant de modéliser ces incertitudes, dans un contexte d'exploitation de la méthode des éléments finis. Notre étude se décompose principalement en deux étapes : * l'élaboration d'une méthodologie adaptée à la prise en compte de ces incertitudes endogènes, * son exploitation dans le cadre de la détermination des sensibilités des structures à ces incertitudes. La méthode proposée s'appuie dans un premier temps sur la modélisation des paramètres endogènes incertains par des nombres flous. Ceux-ci sont ensuite discrétisés en intervalles. Les matrices élémentaires éléments finis, fonctions de ces paramètres, sont tout d'abord générées. Elles seront ensuite assemblées classiquement afin d'obtenir les matrices éléments finis de la structure globale. Dans un second temps, différentes techniques, permettant la résolution de systèmes linéaires ou d'équations aux valeurs propres à intervalles, sont étudiées. L'exploitation de la méthode proposée est conduite à partir de l'étude de différentes structures successivement en régime statique, en analyse modale et en instabilité. A des fins de validation, les résultats sont comparés à ceux issus de la méthode probabiliste de Monte-Carlo. Ces résultats flous permettent en fait de dégager la sensibilité globale d'une structure à des incertitudes ou imprécisions pour un ensemble de caractéristiques endogènes.
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Rothensee, Matthias. "Psychological determinants of the acceptance of future ubiquitous computing applications." Hamburg Kovač, 2008. http://d-nb.info/999630016/04.
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Schneider, Ulrike, Franziska Schober, and Bettina Harrach. "Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) - Technologien im betreubaren Wohnen" - Wissenschaftliche Evaluierung des Pilotprojektes "REAAL" im Hinblick auf sozialpolitische Zielsetzungen." Forschungsinstitut für Altersökonomie, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2011. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3188/1/Forschungsbericht_REAAL_01_2011.pdf.
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Mukarram, Ahmed. "Some aspects of contemporary Islamic thought : guidance and governance in the work of Mawlana Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi and Mawlana Abul Aala Mawdudi." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335909.
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Del, Boca Carolina. "Cholecystokinin and drug abuse : mRNA regulation in drug dependence and alteration of emotional responses after AAV2-shRNA-mediated knock-down in the mouse basolateral amygdala." Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/DEL_BOCA_Carolina_2011.pdf.
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La cholecystokinine (CCK) est un peptide neuromodulateur largement distribué dans le cerveau, lié à de nombreuses fonctions physiologiques telles que l’anxiété, la dépression, les processus mnésiques et les réponses motivationnelles, mais les régions cérébrales exprimant la CCK impliquées dans ces processus sont peu connues. Nous avons montré que le gène de la CCK est régulé par les récepteurs aux opioïdes mu, dans la mesure où l’expression de son ARNm a montré d’importantes modifications dans l’amygdale étendue centrale suite à un traitement à la morphine. Le but de cette thèse a été d’étudier la régulation transcriptionnelle de la CCK en réponse à la morphine dans le cerveau de souris, et d’examiner localement l’implication de la CCK dans les réponses émotionnelles. A l’aide d’une cartographie par autoradiographie quantitative, nous avons trouvé une tendance à l’augmentation de la régulation de mcck dans le cortex cingulaire et l’amygdale basolatérale (BLA) chez des souris abstinentes pour la morphine. Ensuite, nous nous sommes concentrés sur la BLA, fortement impliquée dans la genèse des états émotionnels, et avons démontré qu’une inactivation fonctionnelle de la CCK par des vecteurs viraux (shCCK) dans cette région réduit fortement les niveaux d’anxiété et les comportements de désespoir. Nos données indiquent que la CCK de l’amygdale joue un rôle déterminant dans les effets anxiogéniques et dépressifs connus pour la CCK. Ainsi, dans un contexte d’abus de drogues, nos résultats, combinés avec la description préalable de symptomes de type dépréssif lors de l’abstinence, suggèrent que la CCK de l’amygdale peut contribuer à l’état dépressif caractérisant l’abstinenceCholecystokinin (CCK) is a neuromodulatory peptide widely distributed in the mammalian brain and related to a variety of physiological functions, including anxiety, depression, memory processes and motivational responses. CCK-expressing brain regions involved in these effects remain unclear and their identification represents an important step towards understanding CCK function in the brain. We had identified CCK as a mu-opioid dependent gene which mRNA showed remarkable modifications in the central extended amygdala, a neuroanatomical entity implicated in drug seeking and relapse, upon morphine treatment. Therefore, the aims of this thesis were to further investigate CCK transcriptional regulation in response to morphine throughout the mouse brain, and to examine the implication of local CCK in emotional responses. Using a quantitative autoradiographic mapping methodology, we found trends for mcck up-regulation in morphine-abstinent mice in the Cingulate Cortex and the basolateral amygdala (BLA), consistent with the established existence of depressive-like symptoms under this state. Then, we focused in the BLA, which is strongly involved in the generation of emotional states, and we found that virally-mediated shCCK knockdown in this region strongly reduces levels of anxiety and despair behavior, as evidenced in the elevated plus-maze and forced swim test, respectively. Altogether, our data indicate that amygdalar CCK represents a key substrate for anxiogenic and depressant effects of neural CCK, and in the context of drug abuse, our results combined with preliminary data, suggest that amygdalar CCK may contribute to the depressive state that characterizes abstinence
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Bernies, Danielle [Verfasser], Arwid [Akademischer Betreuer] Daugschies, Arwid [Gutachter] Daugschies, and Dieter [Gutachter] Steinhagen. "Untersuchungen zur Befallssituation des Aals Anguilla anguilla mit dem Schwimmblasenwurm Anguillicoloides crassus im Bodensee-Obersee / Danielle Bernies ; Gutachter: Arwid Daugschies, Dieter Steinhagen ; Betreuer: Arwid Daugschies." Leipzig : Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1237818443/34.
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Büsching, Felix [Verfasser], and Lars [Akademischer Betreuer] Wolf. "Vom Körper zum Server: Mobile und drahtlose Datenerfassung und -übertragung in Gesundheitspflege-, Notfall- und AAL-Szenarien / Felix Büsching ; Betreuer: Lars Wolf." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1175821616/34.
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Jian, Cui [Verfasser], Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Krieg-Brückner, and John [Akademischer Betreuer] Bateman. "Multimodal Shared-Control Interaction for Mobile Robots in AAL Environments / Cui Jian. Gutachter: Bernd Krieg-Brückner ; John Bateman. Betreuer: Bernd Krieg-Brückner." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1072078708/34.
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Jian, Cui [Verfasser], Bernd Akademischer Betreuer] Krieg-Brückner, and John A. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Bateman. "Multimodal Shared-Control Interaction for Mobile Robots in AAL Environments / Cui Jian. Gutachter: Bernd Krieg-Brückner ; John Bateman. Betreuer: Bernd Krieg-Brückner." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:46-00103529-11.
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Nault, Jean-Charles. "Identification de nouveaux mécanismes de carcinogénèse et facteurs pronostiques des tumeurs hépatocellulaires." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB122/document.
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Les adénomes hépatocellulaires (AHC) sont des tumeurs hépatiques bénignes rares se développant chez la femme jeune suite à la prise de contraceptifs oraux et pouvant se compliquer d’hémorragie et de transformation maligne en carcinome hépatocellulaire (CHC). Une classification génotype/phénotype a mise en évidence trois groupes d’AHC : les AHC inactivés pour le facteur de transcription HNF1A, les AHC mutés pour la β-caténine et les AHC dit « inflammatoires » ayant une activation de la voie JAK/STAT. Nous avons identifiés des mutations activatrices du gènes GNAS, codant pour la sous unité alpha de la protéine Gs, dans un sous-groupe d’AHC inflammatoires ainsi que chez des patients avec des AHC et atteints d’un syndrome de McCune Albright, une maladie rare combinant des tumeurs endocriniennes, une dysplasie fibreuse osseuse et des taches cutanés café au lait. Cette découverte confirme les interactions entre la voie de l’AMP cyclique induite par les mutations GNAS et la voie JAK/STAT. Les CHC sont les tumeurs primitives du foie les plus fréquentes, survenant souvent sur un foie cirrhotique exposé à différents facteurs de risque comme l’hépatite B chronique, l’hépatite C chronique, l’alcool ou le syndrome métabolique. Le CHC est le résultat de l’accumulation d’altérations génétiques et épigénétiques. Premièrement, nous avons identifiés les mutations du promoteur de TERT (Telomerase reverse transcriptase) comme les altérations génétiques somatiques les plus fréquentes des CHC. Ces mutations ont été aussi retrouvées dans des lésions prénéoplasiques développées sur cirrhose suggérant leurs rôles précoces dans l’initiation tumorale et la transformation maligne. A l’inverse l’étude des mutations du promoteur de TERT et la réalisation de séquençage haut-débit dans les AHC et les transformation d’adénome en CHC nous a permis de disséquer les mécanismes de transformation maligne sur foie sain avec la présence de manière précoce d’une mutation de la β-caténine et dans un second temps l’apparition d’une mutation dans le promoteur de TERT. Par la suite, nous avons mis en évidence une signature moléculaire pronostique transcriptomique chez les patients avec CHC traités par résection hépatique. Cette signature moléculaire prédisant à la fois la récidive tumorale et le décès a été validée dans des cohortes de patients à l’étranger. Enfin, nous avons mise en évidence le rôle oncogénique de l’adeno-associated virus de type 2 dans la survenue de CHC sur foie sain via un mécanisme de mutagénèse insertionnelle dans des gènes clés de la carcinogénèse comme TERT, CCNA2, MLL4 ou TNFSF10. Ces résultats ont permit de mettre en évidence de nouveaux facteurs de risque viraux de survenue du CHC, d’identifier de nouvelles altérations génétiques impliquées dans la transformation maligne sur cirrhose et sur foie sain et permit de développer une signature moléculaire pronostique qui pourrait être utiliser dans le futur comme une aide à la stratification thérapeutique chez les patients atteint de CHCHepatocellular adenomas (HCA) are rare benign liver tumors occuring in young women taking oral contraception and complications as haemorrhage or malignant transformation in hepatocellular carcinomes (HCC) could occur. A genotype/phenotype classification has defined different subgroups of tumors : HCA with inactivating mutations of HNF1A, HCA with activating mutations of β-catenin and inflammatory HCA with activation of the JAK/STAT pathway. We have identified activation mutations of GNAS, that codes for the alpha subunit of the Gs protein in a subgroup of inflammatory HCA and in patients with HCA and McCune Albright syndrom, a rare disease that combined endocrine tumor, bone fibrous dysplasia and « cafe au lait » skin macula. These findings highlight the crosstalk between the cyclic AMP pathway induced by GNAS mutation with the JAK/STAT pathway. HCC are the most frequent primary liver tumors worldwide and mainly occur on cirrhosis due to various risk factor as hepatitis B and C virus, alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome. HCC is due to the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in the malignant hepatocytes. We have identified TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase) promoter mutations as the most frequent somatic genetic alterations in HCC. These mutations were also found in cirrhotic premalignant nodules underlying their role in tumor initiation and malignant transformation. In contrast, the study of the different steps of malignant transformation of HCA into HCC using next generation sequencing and TERT promoter screening have shown that activatiing mutation of β-catenin is an early genetic alteration whereas TERT promoter mutation is required in a second step to promote a full malignant transformation. We have also identified a prognostic molecular signature, the 5-gene score, in patients with HCC treated by liver resection. The 5-gene score predicts tumor recurrence and disease specific survival and has been validated in different cohorts of patients worldwide. Finally, we have shown that adeno-associated virus type 2 is involved in liver carcinogenesis on normal liver through insertional mutagenesis in key cancer genes as TERT, CCNA2, MLL4 and TNFSF10. These results have underlined a new oncogenic virus involved in HCC development, identified new genetic alterations involved in malignant transformation on cirrhosis and normal liver and a new prognostic molecular signature that will help to guide treatment of patients with HCC in the future
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Pallier, Virginie. "Elimination de l’arsenic par coagulation floculation et électrocoagulation d’eaux faiblement minéralisées." Limoges, 2008. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/132b8acd-9e31-4857-aa02-0020c9c316b6/blobholder:0/2008LIMO4062.pdf.
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L'arsenic est omniprésent dans l'environnement : sa mobilisation entraîne une contamination des ressources en eaux et par conséquent une augmentation des risques pour la santé humaine. L'eau de boisson représentant la principale voie d'exposition aux formes inorganiques de l'arsenic, sa concentration maximale admissible dans l'eau potable a donc été réduite à 10 µg/L, nécessitant d'adapter les méthodes de dosage et de développer et optimiser des procédés de traitement. En fonction de la matrice de l'échantillon, l'As(III) est ici dosé par spectrométrie d'absorption atomique à génération d'hydrures ou par polarographie par redissolution cathodique à impulsions carrées. Les procédés de coagulation floculation avec le Fe(III) et d'électrocoagulation optimisés présentent une efficacité dépendante de la spéciation de l'arsenic, du pH, de la dose de traitement appliquée et de la présence de matière organique. Ces paramètres influencent les mécanismes réactionnels mis enjeuThe mobilization of arsenic in the environment by naturally occurring processes results in source water contamination. While drinking water represents the main source of exposure to inorganic arsenic, this source water contamination increases the human health hazard. Thus, the maximum contaminant level of arsenic in drinking water was reduced to 10 µg/L and as a consequence new analytical methods and efficient and innovative arsenic removal processes have to be developed and optimized. Here As(III) was quantified by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry or by square wave cathodic stripping voltammetry depending on matrix composition. Both chemical and electrochemical processes as coagulation flocculation with Iron(III) salts and electrocoagulation, were optimized to remove arsenic. Their efficiency depends on arsenic speciation, pH, treatment dose and presence of organic matter. These parameters also control the arsenic removal mechanisms
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Steinke, Frederick. "Influence of trust in Ambient Assisted Living technologies." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17167.
Full textAbstract:
Zwischenmenschliches Vertrauen spielt in Beziehungen eine wichtige Rolle und beinhaltet die Erwartung, dass auf das Wort des Anderen Verlass ist (Rotter, 1967). Auch im Zusammenhang mit Automation und Mensch-Maschine-Systemen erlangt die Betrachtung von Vertrauen in den vergangenen Jahren immer größere Bedeutung. In den Bereichen automatisierte Fahrzeugsteuerung oder militärische Freund-Feind-Erkennung wurde bereits eine Vielzahl von Erhebungen durchgeführt. Einen Forschungsgegenstand, der bislang jedoch weitestgehend unbeachtet geblieben ist, stellen Heim-Automatisierungen und Unterstützungstechnologien für ältere Personen dar. Die vorliegende Dissertation möchte einen Anstoß für die Forschungsaktivitäten im Kontext von Vertrauen in Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) Systeme geben und gleichzeitig die Möglichkeiten von Unterstützungs-technologien (für beeinträchtigte Personen) im Wohnumfeld aufzeigen. Im Fokus der Untersuchung steht dabei das Vertrauen älterer Personen, als potentielle Endnutzer, in AAL Systeme. Nach Durchführung der Literaturanalyse, wurden mittels einer Fragebogenstudie zunächst verschiedene Einflussfaktoren auf das Vertrauen in AAL sowie die Nutzungsabsicht der senioren Zielgruppe erforscht. Unter Einbeziehung der Variablen des Technology Acceptance Modells (TAM) (Davis, 1989) werden Personen mit und ohne täglichem Unterstützungsbedarf befragt. Basierend auf den dadurch gewonnenen Erkenntnissen wurden zwei Experimente durchgeführt. Die Probanden der beiden Experimente, die jeweils eine seniore Testgruppe und eine junge Kontrollgruppe umfassten, sollten mittels eines Mock-Ups auf einem Tablet-Computer verschiedene Aufgaben im Wohnumfeld bearbeiten. Im ersten Experiment wurde zusätzlich zu der Standard-Bedienoberfläche der AAL Technologie, entweder persönliche Unterstützung via Operateur oder eine technische Unterstützung zur Verfügung gestellt. Das zweite Experiment untersuchte drei unterschiedliche Stufen von Zuverlässigkeit einer AAL Applikation.Interpersonal trust as “expectancy that the verbal statements of others can be relied upon” (Rotter, 1967; p. 651) plays an important role in human relationships. But even in the context of automation and man-machine systems, the consideration of trust has acquired even greater importance in recent years. In the field of automated vehicle control systems or military friend-or-foe recognition, a large number of surveys relating to trust have been conducted. An area of research that, to date, has not been well-investigated is home automation, such as smart home and assistive technologies for older people. The present thesis aims to initiate such research activities in the context of trust in Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) systems, as well as to demonstrate the opportunities that assistive technologies present for impaired persons in the living environment. The focus of the present survey is on the trust of older people, as potential end-users, in AAL systems. To establish an understanding of the state of this research field, a literature review has been conducted. Subsequently, the various factors influencing trust in AAL and usage intention of the elderly target group are examined via a written questionnaire study. Taking into account the variables of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (Davis, 1989), persons with and without need for daily support are interviewed. Based on the obtained results, two subsequent experiments were carried out. The participants in the two experiments, each including a senior test group and a young control group, worked on various tasks through a mock-up on a tablet-computer in the living environment. In the first experiment, in addition to the standard user interface of the AAL technology, either personal support via operator or a technical embedded support was provided to test the differential impact on the trust of the participants in AAL. The second experiment included three different levels of reliability of an AAL application.