Journal articles on the topic 'AAD'
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Li, Yue, Siqi Huang, Yingnan Wei, Xuesheng Liu, Meng Zhang, Zonghui Jin, Hongmei Wang, and Juanjuan Qu. "Two physical processes enhanced the performance of Auricularia auricula dreg in Cd(II) adsorption: composting and pyrolysis." Water Science and Technology 79, no. 8 (April 15, 2019): 1511–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.147.
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Abstract This study aims to discover the impact of composting and pyrolysis on the adsorption performance of Auricularia auricula dreg (AAD) for Cd(II) in aqueous solution. Auricularia auricula dreg (AAD), Auricularia auricula dreg biochar (AADB) and Auricularia auricula dreg compost (AADC) were used to remove Cd(II) from aqueous solution, and their adsorption conditions and mechanisms were compared. The adsorption quantity of three adsorbents reached the maximum (AAD: 80.0 mg/g, AADB: 91.7 mg/g, AADC: 93.5 mg/g) under same conditions (adsorbent dosage of 1 g/L, pH 5.0, biosorption temperature of 25 °C, and biosorption time of 120 min). All Cd(II) biosorption processes onto three adsorbents complied with the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation, and spontaneously occurred in an order of AADC > AADB > AAD. The difference in biosorption quantity relied on variation in surface structure, crystal species and element content caused by composting or pyrolysis. Composting enhanced the changes in surface structure, crystal species, functional groups and ion exchange capacity of the AAD, resulting in AAD had greatly improved the biosorption quantity of Cd(II). Pyrolysis increased the adsorption of Cd(II) mainly by increasing the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, the particle size and pH, in the same time, providing more oxygen-containing functional groups.
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Delneri, Daniela, David C. J. Gardner, and Stephen G. Oliver. "Analysis of the Seven-Member AAD Gene Set Demonstrates That Genetic Redundancy in Yeast May Be More Apparent Than Real." Genetics 153, no. 4 (December 1, 1999): 1591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/153.4.1591.
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Abstract Saccharomyces cerevisiae has seven genes encoding proteins with a high degree (>85%) of amino-acid sequence identity to the aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase of the lignin-degrading, filamentous fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium. All but one member of this gene set are telomere associated. Moreover, all contain a sequence similar to the DNA-binding site of the Yap1p transcriptional activator either upstream of or within their coding sequences. The expression of the AAD genes was found to be induced by chemicals, such as diamide and diethyl maleic acid ester (DEME), that cause an oxidative shock by inactivating the glutathione (GSH) reservoir of the cells. In contrast, the oxidizing agent hydrogen peroxide has no effect on the expression of these genes. We found that the response to anti-GSH agents was Yap1p dependent. The very high level of nucleotide sequence similarity between the AAD genes makes it difficult to determine if they are all involved in the oxidative-stress response. The use of single and multiple aad deletants demonstrated that only AAD4 (YDL243c) and AAD6 (YFL056/57c) respond to the oxidative stress. Of these two genes, only AAD4 is likely to be functional since the YFL056/57c open reading frame is interrupted by a stop codon. Thus, in terms of the function in response to oxidative stress, the sevenfold redundancy of the AAD gene set is more apparent than real.
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Du, Z. L. "The correlation between solar and geomagnetic activity – Part 1: Two-term decomposition of geomagnetic activity." Annales Geophysicae 29, no. 8 (August 5, 2011): 1331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-1331-2011.
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Abstract. By analyzing the logarithmic relationship between geomagnetic activity as represented by the annual aa index and solar magnetic field activity as represented by the annual sunspot number (Rz) during the period 1844–2010, aa is shown to lie in between two lines defined solely by Rz. Two ways can be used to decompose the aa index into two components. One is decomposing aa into the sum of the baseline (aab) and the remainder (aau) with a null correlation. Another is dividing the top-line (aat) into the sum of aa and the remainder (aad) with a null correlation. The first decomposition is similar to the traditional one. The second decomposition implies a nonlinear relationship of aa with Rz (aat) and a decay process (aad). Therefore, aat=aa+aad=aab+aau+aad: (i) aat is related to the solar energy potential of generating geomagnetic activity (associated with Rz); (ii) aab is related to transient phenomena; (iii) aau is related to recurrent phenomena; and (iv) aad is related to the energy loss in the transmission from solar surface to the magnetosphere and ionosphere that failed to generate geomagnetic activity.
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Shukha, Yousef, Ofir Koren, Tsafrir Or, Yoav Turgeman, Mahmud Mahamid, and Mohamed Jabaren. "Screening of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Using Portable Transthoracic Echocardiography among Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome." Cardiology Research and Practice 2020 (June 27, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9510546.
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Background. Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) share common risk factors. Objectives. To assess the abdominal aortic diameter (AAD) among patients with ACS using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Methods. Patients with ACS admitted to our intensive cardiac care unit from December 2013 to June 2014 were screened prospectively for AAA via AAD measurement in the subcostal TTE view. AAA was defined as an aneurysm with a transverse diameter of ≥30 mm. Results. Sixty seven patients were included. The male-to-female sex ratio was 7 : 1. The vast majority of patients were admitted due to STEMI (73%), and the rest were equally divided as NSTEMI and unstable angina. The mean patient age was 58.4 ± 10.4 years. AAD measurements were feasible in 57 patients (85%); among them, AAA was diagnosed in six patients (10.5%). The average additional time required to measure the abdominal aorta was 4 ± 1 min. All patients with AAA were men and had a higher prevalence of smoking (83.3% vs. 60.6%, p<0.003) and a lower incidence of diabetes mellitus than those without aneurysm. The prevalence of AAA tended to be related to age (12.5% in those older than 60 years and 18.7% in those older than 65 years). Conclusions. The overall prevalence of AAA is significantly high among patients with ACS and increases with age. AAA screening as a part of routine cardiac TTE can be easily, rapidly, and feasibly performed and yield accurate findings. AAD measurement in the subcostal view should be implemented as a part of routine TTE in patients with ACS.
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Zhang, Bo, Ketong Wu, Yang Liu, Haiyang Lai, and Zhaofei Zeng. "Synchronous Gastrointestinal Tumor and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm or Dissection Treated with Endovascular Aneurysm Repair Followed by Tumor Resection." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2019 (January 6, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8087256.
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Objective. To evaluate the strategy in the management of patients with synchronous gastrointestinal tumor and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) or abdominal aortic dissection (AAD) undergoing endovascular repair followed by tumor resection. Materials and Methods. Five patients with synchronous gastrointestinal tumor and AAA or AAD were treated by endovascular repair followed by tumor resection. Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed with respect to the management strategy, safety, and outcome. Results. Endovascular repair was technically successful in all patients. All the stents were well positioned and well patent, and the AAA (n=3) or AAD (n=2) were correctly excluded without endoleaks. After endovascular repair, all patients underwent resection of gastrointestinal tumor. No late mortality or major complications related to the two procedures were observed in the subsequent follow-up. Conclusion. Our results demonstrate that EVAR could significantly shorten the delay between AAA and gastrointestinal procedure with an excellent postoperative outcome. If the anatomical criteria are satisfied, EVAR followed by tumor resection might be an effective treatment for concomitant AAA and gastrointestinal tumor.
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Moussallem, Chady, Magali Allain, Frédéric Gohier, and Pierre Frère. "Preponderant role of pentafluorophenyl moieties for tuning the electronic properties of extended benzodifuran-azomethine derivatives." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 19 (2021): 8647–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nj01132d.
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Orlandi, Eni Puccinelli. "AAD-69." Línguas e Instrumentos Línguísticos, no. 44 (December 9, 2019): 135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/lil.v44i0.8657793.
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Há um acontecimento discursivo maior no domínio da análise de discurso que festejamos neste ano: os 50 anos da publicação, pela editora Dunod, de Paris, do livro fundador de Michel Pêcheux Analyse Automatique du Discours. Este acontecimento tem sido festejado por nós de várias maneiras. Antes de tudo, em nosso cotidiano de pesquisadores da linguagem, por darmos um lugar importante à leitura deste, e de outros textos do autor, e reconhecer, nesta obra, um forte instrumento na formação de analistas de discurso.
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Indursky, Freda. "AAD-69." Línguas e Instrumentos Línguísticos, no. 44 (December 9, 2019): 157–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/lil.v44i0.8657797.
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No ano em que a Análise Automática do Discurso, de Michel Pêcheux, completa cinquenta anos, foi de fundamental importância examinar o modo como o autor produziu essa obra fundadora que estabeleceu um novo objeto de análise no campo dos Estudos da Linguagem. Este artigo vai acompanhar o duplo movimento teórico empreendido por Pêcheux: por um lado, demarcar seu objeto dos demais objetos que compõem a área e, por outro, formular e teorizar o novo objeto de análise - o discurso.
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Sobrinho, Helson Flávio da Silva. "AAD-69." Línguas e Instrumentos Línguísticos, no. 44 (December 9, 2019): 340–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/lil.v44i0.8657820.
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Cinquenta anos! Isso mesmo! Em 2019, comemoramos os 50 anos de uma obra fundadora: Análise Automática do Discurso, conhecida como AAD-69, do professor-filósofo-cientista-militante Michel Pêcheux1. Fazer a apreciação dessa obra fundadora, em uma data festiva como essa, implica retomar memórias históricas de nossas práticas científicas e políticas, mas, sobretudo, também exige pensar a atualidade e, advirto, arriscar dar novos passos em direção ao futuro, em estreita relação crítica com nosso tempo histórico.
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Wu, Xi, Pei-Feng Li, Hong-Hai Zhang, Mao-Xu Zhu, Chun-Ying Liu, and Gui-Peng Yang. "Acrylic acid and related dimethylated sulfur compounds in the Bohai and Yellow seas during summer and winter." Biogeosciences 17, no. 7 (April 15, 2020): 1991–2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1991-2020.
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Abstract. Spatiotemporal distributions of dissolved acrylic acid (AAd) and related biogenic sulfur compounds including dimethylsulfide (DMS) and dissolved and total dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSPd and DMSPt) were investigated in the Bohai Sea (BS) and Yellow Sea (YS) during summer and winter. AAd and DMS production from DMSPd degradation and AAd degradation were analyzed. Significant seasonal variations in AAd and DMS(P) were observed. AAd exhibited similar distributions during summer and winter; i.e., relatively high values of AAd occurred in the BS and the northern YS, and the concentrations decreased from inshore to offshore areas in the southern YS. Due to strong biological production from DMSP and abundant terrestrial inputs from rivers in summer, the AAd concentrations in the surface seawater during summer (30.01 nmol L−1) were significantly higher than those during winter (14.98 nmol L−1). The average concentration sequence along the transects during summer (AAd > DMSPt > DMS > DMSPd) showed that particulate DMSP (DMSPp) acted as a DMS producer and that terrestrial sources of AAd were present; in contrast, the sequence in winter was AAd > DMSPt > DMSPd > DMS. High values of AAd and DMS(P) were mostly observed in the upper layers, with occasional high values at the bottom. High AAd concentrations in the porewater, which could be transported to the bottom water, might result from the cleavage of intracellular DMSP and reduce bacterial metabolism in sediments. In addition, the production and degradation rates of biogenic sulfur compounds were significantly higher in summer than in winter, and the removal of AAd was primarily attributed to microbial consumption. Other sources of AAd existed aside from the production from DMSPd.
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Sakamoto, Yuki, Masatoshi Koga, Tomoyuki Ohara, Satoshi Ohyama, Soichiro Matsubara, Kenji Minatoya, Kazuyuki Nagatsuka, and Kazunori Toyoda. "Frequency and Detection of Stanford Type A Aortic Dissection in Hyperacute Stroke Management." Cerebrovascular Diseases 42, no. 1-2 (2016): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000445528.
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Background and Purpose: Acute Stanford type A aortic dissection (AAD) is a devastating aortic disease, and prompt diagnosis is sometimes difficult to make. Identification of AAD in suspected acute stroke patients is especially challenging. Nevertheless, the frequencies and predictive factors of AAD in suspected acute stroke patients have not been well investigated. The aim of this study was to elucidate the prevalence of and predictors for AAD in patients with suspected acute stroke. Methods: From January 2012 through January 2013, consecutive patients who visited our emergency department (ED) due to suspected acute (<24 h from onset) stroke were retrospectively enrolled. Clinical parameters including systolic blood pressure (SBP) and laboratory data were collected. Frequency of AAD in suspected acute stroke patients and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) subjects were assessed, and factors associated with AAD among AIS patients were investigated. Results: A total of 1,637 patients were included in this study. Five patients (0.31%, 95% CI 0.04-0.57) were diagnosed as having AAD. The prevalence of AAD in all AIS individuals during the study period was 1.09% (95% CI 0.14-2.05), and AAD accounted for 1.70% (95% CI 0.05-3.36) of AIS patients who appeared at the hospital within 4 h from onset. Most AAD patients presented with disturbed consciousness, and none of the AAD patients complained of chest pain. Neck ultrasonography detected an intimal flap in AAD patients. Two AAD cases died soon after ED arrival. The remaining 3 were promptly diagnosed as having AAD in the ED and underwent emergency surgery; all were discharged with only mild neurological symptoms. Low SBP in the right arm (cut-off value ≤110 mm Hg, sensitivity 100%, specificity 94.4%) and high D-dimer level (cut-off value ≥5.0 μg/ml, sensitivity 100%, specificity 91.7%) had high predictive values for detecting AAD in patients with AIS presenting within 4 h from onset. Conclusions: AAD was seen in 0.31% of suspected acute stroke patients and 1.70% of AIS patients presenting within 4 h from onset. AAD patients who were initially suspected as having acute stroke had severe neurological symptoms, including disturbance of consciousness, did not complain of typical chest pain, and when emergency surgery was performed, favorable neurological and survival outcomes were achieved. Low SBP in the right arm and high D-dimer level could predict AAD.
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Zhao, Lujing, Yanfen Chai, and Zhigang Li. "Clinical features and prognosis of patients with acute aortic dissection in China." Journal of International Medical Research 45, no. 2 (March 27, 2017): 823–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060517699319.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical features, risk factors, and prognostic significance of different Stanford types of acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and prognostic predictors in 105 patients with AAD (37 with Stanford type A and 68 with Stanford type B) at Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Tianjin 4th Central Hospital from January 2014 to November 2015. Results Patients with Marfan syndrome and bicuspid aortic valve constituted 24.3% and 8.1%, respectively, of patients with type A AAD; these proportions were significantly higher than those of patients with type B AAD (7.4% and 0.0%, respectively). The proportion of iatrogenic causes of type A AAD (8.1%) was significantly higher than that of type B AAD (0.0%). Computed tomography angiography showed that the proportion of involvement of the aortic arch and pericardial effusion (86.5% and 18.9%, respectively) in patients with type A AAD were higher than those in patients with type B AAD (23.5% and 5.9%, respectively). Endovascular treatment was performed in a higher proportion of patients with type B than A AAD (70.6% vs. 5.4%, respectively). Conclusion Systolic blood pressure, pericardial effusion, periaortic hematoma, conservative treatment, and open surgery were independent predictors of increased mortality in patients with AAD.
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&NA;. "News from AAD." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1298 (April 2010): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201012980-00009.
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Deutschland e. V., Alopecia Areata. "AAD Forschungspreis 2018." JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft 16, no. 5 (May 2018): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddg.13510.
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&NA;. "News from AAD." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1574 (February 2007): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-200715740-00024.
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&NA;. "News from AAD." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1575 (February 2007): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-200715750-00032.
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Banquet OKRA, Guy Müller, Dali Brice, Hermann N'Guessan, Affiba Florance Kouassi, and Kre N’Guessan Raymond. "Conformational analysis and molecular design of anthranilic acid derivatives as partial agonists of the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) with favorable predicted pharmacokinetic profiles." SDRP Journal of Computational Chemistry & Molecular Modeling 5, no. 2 (2021): 585–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.25177/jccmm.5.2.ra.10760.
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We report here virtual design of new anthranilic acid derivatives (AAD) identified as potent partial Farnesoid X recep-tor (FXR) agonists with favorable predicted pharmacokinetic profiles. By in situ modification of the crystal structure (PDB ID: 3OLF) of FXR complex with a benzimidazole-based partial agonistic ligand, 3D models of 17 FXR:AADx complexes with known observed activity (EC50exp) were prepared to establish a quantitative structure–activity (QSAR) model and linear correla-tion between relative Gibbs free energy (GFE) of receptor-ligand complex formation (Gcom) and EC50exp: pEC50exp = -0,1146 Gcom + 8,175 (#); R2 = 0.98. A 3D QSAR pharmacophore model (PH4) derived from the QSAR directed our effort to design novel AAD analogs. During the design, an initial virtual library of 94501 AAD was focused down to 33134 drug-like compounds and finally, PH4 screened to identify 100 promising compounds. Theoretical EC50 (EC50pre) values of all analogs compounds were predicted by means of equation (#) and their pharmacokinetics (ADME) profiles were computed. More than 12 putative AADs display EC50pre 300 times superior to that of the reported most active training set inhibitor AAD1.
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Young-Wolff, K. C., K. S. Kendler, M. L. Ericson, and C. A. Prescott. "Accounting for the association between childhood maltreatment and alcohol-use disorders in males: a twin study." Psychological Medicine 41, no. 1 (March 29, 2010): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291710000425.
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BackgroundAn association between childhood maltreatment and subsequent alcohol abuse and/or dependence (AAD) has been found in multiple studies of females. Less is known about the association between childhood maltreatment and AAD among males, and the mechanisms that underlie this association in either gender. One explanation is that childhood maltreatment increases risk for AAD. An alternative explanation is that the same genetic or environmental factors that increase a child's risk for being maltreated also contribute to risk for AAD in adulthood.MethodLifetime diagnosis of AAD was assessed using structured clinical interviews in a sample of 3527 male participants aged 19–56 years from the Virginia Adult Twin Study of Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders. The sources of childhood maltreatment–AAD association were estimated using both a matched case–control analysis of twin pairs discordant for childhood maltreatment and bivariate twin modeling.ResultsApproximately 9% of participants reported childhood maltreatment, defined as serious neglect, molestation, or physical abuse occurring before the age of 15 years. Those who experienced childhood maltreatment were 1.74 times as likely to meet AAD criteria compared with males who did not experience childhood maltreatment. The childhood maltreatment–AAD association largely reflected environmental factors in common to members of twin pairs. Additional exploratory analyses provided evidence that AAD risk associated with childhood maltreatment was significantly attenuated after adjusting for measured family-level risk factors.ConclusionsMales who experienced childhood maltreatment had an increased risk for AAD. Our results suggest that the childhood maltreatment–AAD association is attributable to broader environmental adversity shared between twins.
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Varughese, Christy A., Niyati H. Vakil, and Kristy M. Phillips. "Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 26, no. 5 (September 24, 2013): 476–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190013499523.
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Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) describes any unexplained diarrhea associated with the use of an antibiotic. AAD also includes infection caused by Clostridium difficile, however this organism only accounts for a small percentage of diarrhea caused by antibiotics. AAD can be caused by multiple other organisms including C perfringens, S aureus, and Candida. Some antibiotics are more likely to cause non– C difficile AAD, such as erythromycin and the penicillin class. AAD develops through the loss of normal flora and reduced colonic bacterial carbohydrate metabolism during antibiotic administration. There is an increasing interest in the use of probiotics for the prevention of AAD. There are several meta-analyses that report a relative risk reduction of AAD with the use of probiotics during antibiotic administration. Interpretation of these studies has been challenging due to the heterogeneity and size of the patient populations, unclear probiotic regimen, and unclear safety profile. Since AAD can be a reason for a patient to become non-compliant or receive incomplete treatment, clinicians should monitor for this potential adverse effect caused by antibiotics.
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Siti, Dilixiati, Asiya Abudesimu, Xiaojie Ma, Lei Yang, Xiang Ma, and Yi-tong Ma. "Incidence and risk factors of recurrent pain in acute aortic dissection and in-hospital mortality." Vasa 47, no. 4 (June 1, 2018): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a000704.
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Abstract. Background: We investigated the prevalence of recurrent pain and its relationship with in-hospital mortality in acute aortic dissection (AAD). Patients and methods: Between 2011 and 2016, 234 AAD patients were selected. Recurrent pain was defined as a mean of VAS > 3, within 48 hours following hospital admission or before emergency operation. Patients with and without recurrent pain were divided into group I and group II, respectively into type A AAD and type B AAD patients. Our primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Results: The incidence of recurrent pain was 24.4 % in AAD patients. Incidence of recurrent pain was higher in type A AAD patients than type B AAD patients (48.9 vs. 9.6 %). Overall in-hospital mortality was 25.6 %. Type A AAD had a higher in-hospital mortality than type B AAD patients (47.7 vs. 12.3 %). Group I had significantly higher in-hospital mortality than group II (type A: 79.1 vs. 17.8 %; type B: 57.1 vs. 7.6 %, all P < 0.001), as was the case with medical managed patients (type A: 72.1 vs. 13.3 %; type B: 35.7 vs. 2.3 %, all P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that use of one drug alone and waist pain were predictive factors for recurrent pain in type A AAD and type A AAD patients, respectively (OR 3.686, 95 % CI: 1.103~12.316, P = 0.034 and OR 14.010, 95 % CI: 2.481~79.103, P = 0.003). Recurrent pains were the risk factors (type A: OR 11.096, 95 % CI: 3.057~40.280, P < 0.001; type B: OR 14.412, 95 % CI: 3.662~56.723, P < 0.001), while invasive interventions were protective (type A: OR 0.133, 95 % CI: 0.035~0.507, P < 0.001; type B: OR 0.334, 95 % CI: 0.120~0.929, P = 0.036) for in-hospital mortality in AAD patients. Conclusions: Approximately one-fourth of AAD patients presented with recurrent pains, which might increase in-hospital mortality. Thus, interventional strategies at early stages are important.
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Chen, Jinmiao, Ya Gao, Yixuan Jiang, Huichu Li, Minzhi Lv, Weixun Duan, Hao Lai, Renjie Chen, and Chunsheng Wang. "Low ambient temperature and temperature drop between neighbouring days and acute aortic dissection: a case-crossover study." European Heart Journal 43, no. 3 (November 28, 2021): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab803.
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Abstract Aims The incidence of acute aortic dissection (AAD) has been shown to have seasonal variation, but whether this variation can be explained by non-optimum ambient temperature and temperature change between neighbouring days (TCN) is not clear. Methods and results We performed a time-stratified case-crossover study in the Registry of Aortic Dissection in China covering 14 tertiary hospitals in 11 cities from 2009 to 2019. A total of 8182 cases of AAD were included. Weather data at residential address were matched from nearby monitoring stations. Conditional logistic regression model and distributed lag nonlinear model were used to estimate the associations of daily temperature and TCN with AAD, adjusting for possible confounders. We observed an increase of AAD risk with lower temperature cumulated over lag 0–1 day and this association became statistically significant when daily mean temperature was below 24°C. Relative to the referent temperature (28°C), the odds ratios (ORs) of AAD onset at extremely low (−10°C) and low (1°C) temperature cumulated over lag 0–1 day were 2.84 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.69, 4.75] and 2.36 (95% CI: 1.61, 3.47), respectively. A negative TCN was associated with increased risk of AAD. The OR of AAD cumulated over lag 0–6 days was 2.66 (95% CI: 1.76, 4.02) comparing the extremely negative TCN (−7°C) to no temperature change. In contrast, a positive TCN was associated with reduced AAD risk. Conclusion This study provides novel and robust evidence that low ambient temperature and temperature drop between neighbouring days were associated with increased risk of AAD onset. Key Question Incidence of acute aortic dissection (AAD) was reported to have seasonal trends, but it remains unclear whether non-optimum ambient temperature and temperature change between neighbouring days (TCN) is associated with AAD onset. Key Finding Daily mean temperature lower than 24°C was significantly associated with increased risk of AAD at lag 0–1 day. A negative TCN (temperature drop) was associated with increased risk of AAD, whereas a positive TCN was associated with decreased risk. Take Home Message This multi-centre, case-crossover study provides novel and robust evidence that low ambient temperature and temperature drop between neighbouring days were associated with increased AAD risk.
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Iguchi, Akihiro, Kazuya Hara, Yukayo Terashita, Minako Sugiyama, Yuko Cho, and Atsushi Manabe. "Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Disease (AAD) in Children with Cancer in Immune Recovery Phase Following Cessation of Chemotherapy." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 1052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-123015.
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(Introduction) Outcome of pediatric cancer has improved dramatically by intensive chemotherapy, surgical treatment, radiotherapy, and stem cell transplantation (SCT). In children with cancer, immune system is damaged during treatment. Autoimmune diseases such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) during immune reconstitution were observed as complication after intensive chemotherapy in our institute. Although most of them recovered with supportive treatment, immunosuppressive agents including steroid were needed in some patients. Thus, we defined this complication as antibody-associated autoimmune disease (AAD), and we examined AAD in pediatric patients following cessation of treatment. (Patients and Methods) We reviewed medical records of patients who received intensive chemotherapy in Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Hospital. Between January 2010 and December 2018, 130 patients with hematological malignancies, 127 patients with malignant solid tumor, 120 patients with brain tumor were treated in our institute. All of these patients were included in this study. The diagnoses of AAD were made by clinical criteria, combined with laboratory evidence of a definitive antibody in the serum of patients such as positive Coombs test, antineutrophil antibodies, antiplatelet antibodies, and thyroid-stimulating antibodies. In this study, apparent clinical GVHD and AAD associated with SCT were excluded. (Results) Among the 377 patients, 10 patients (2.7%) developed AAD. AAD was observed as ITP in 5 patients, AIHA in 2 patients, Hashimoto's diseases, multiple sclerosis, and neutropenia with antineutrophil antibody in one patient each. AAD developed a median of 4.0 months (range 2-27months) after cessation of treatment. At onset of AAD, the mean CD4 positive cell counts was 397 /ul and the mean serum IgG was 789 mg/dl. Prednisolone was administered in 3 patients (AIHA and ITP) to treat AAD. The clinical symptoms of AAD regressed with supportive therapy only in the other patients. In 3 out of 5 patients who developed AAD with CD4 positive cell count over 500 /ul, autoimmune antibody in serum of the patients was detected continuously. On the other hand, in 5 patients who developed AAD with CD4 positive cell count below 500 /ul, both clinical symptoms and laboratory examinations regressed, synchronizing with the immune recovery. The mean duration of CD4 positive cell count <500/ul was significantly longer in patients with AAD (n=10) compared with that in patients without AAD (n=45) (p=0.013, 11.0±7.2 months vs 5.6±5.3 months), and the mean duration of serum IgG <500mg/dl was significantly longer in patients with AAD, compared to patients without AAD (p=0.002, 11.0±6.3 months vs 4.3±4.4 months). (Discussion and Conclusion) AAD was observed in immune recovery phase following cessation of chemotherapy, which mimicked immune reconstitution syndrome (IRS) after antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV infection. It was reported that IRS was also observed in HIV-negative patients who were administered alemtuzumab, and in those who received stem cell transplantation. It was interesting that patients who had smaller number of CD4-positive cells at diagnosis of AAD had a faster recovery of the diseases in our study. We also speculate that AAD mimic autoimmune cytopenia such as ITP, AIHA, and autoimmune neutropenia in infancy because the diseases are caused by autoantibodies, occurring in immune-naive age, and they naturally recover in most cases although some patients need immunosuppressive treatment. Further studies are needed to clarify the pathogenesis of AAD in children. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Rana, PVS, Mohit P. Shetti, and Lekhjung Thapa. "Cervical Myelopathy due to Congenital Atlanto-axial Dislocation." Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2005): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njn.v2i1.19998.
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Five cases of atlanto-axial dislocation (AAD) are reported with emphasis on their clinical presentation and literature is reviewed. The first patient had gross AAD and presented as progressive myelopathy. The second patient had AAD with occipitalization of atlas, Chiari malformation and syringomyelia where headache was the only presenting symptom. The third patient with AAD, had occipitalization of atlas and fusion of cervical second and third (C2- C3) vertebrae. She presented with peculiar sensation over forehead. Detection of pathologically brisk tendon reflexes in the lower limbs and extensor plantar response led to further investigation and diagnosis of the condition. The fourth patient had AAD and advanced spondylotic changes. His symptoms manifested after injury and then progressed gradually leading to quadriplegia. The fifth case presented with nuchal and occipital neuralgia, paresthesia in hands and brisk reflexes. X-ray cervical spine showed unfused, separate but fully developed odontoid process and AAD. All these patients represented congenital AAD. Nepal Journal of Neuroscience, Volume 2, Number 1, 2005, Page 71-76
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Han, Chenjun, Qiang Liu, Yuanmin Li, Wangfu Zang, and Jian Zhou. "S100A1 as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of patients with acute aortic dissection." Journal of International Medical Research 49, no. 4 (April 2021): 030006052110045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605211004512.
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Objective Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is a common life-threatening cardiovascular disease. This retrospective study was conducted to analyze the plasma concentration of S100A1 and its diagnostic value for AAD through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and logistic regression analyses. Methods Seventy-eight patients with AAD and 77 healthy controls were included, and the relevant clinical data for each group were collected. According to the Stanford classification, the AAD patients were divided into types A and B. The plasma levels of S100A1, D-dimer, hypersensitive C-reactive protein, and cardiac troponin T were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results The S100A1 concentrations in the healthy control, Stanford A, and Stanford B groups were 0.7 ± 0.6, 4.9 ± 2.6, and 3.5 ± 2.2 ng/mL, respectively. The concentration of S100A1 was increased in patients with AAD complicated with aortic regurgitation, pericardial effusion, or in-hospital death. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve was 0.89. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the S100A1 level was an important risk factor for the development of AAD. Conclusion Plasma S100A1 is significantly elevated in patients with AAD, and its concentration has potential clinical value for diagnosing AAD.
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Cifani, Noemi, Maria Proietta, Maurizio Taurino, Luigi Tritapepe, and Flavia Del Porto. "Monocyte Subsets, Stanford-A Acute Aortic Dissection, and Carotid Artery Stenosis: New Evidences." Journal of Immunology Research 2019 (August 6, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9782594.
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Monocytes are a heterogeneous cell population distinguished into three subsets with distinctive phenotypic and functional properties: “classical” (CD14++CD16-), “intermediate” (CD14++CD16+), and “nonclassical” (CD14+CD16++). Monocyte subsets play a pivotal role in many inflammatory systemic diseases including atherosclerosis (ATS). Only a low number of studies evaluated monocyte behavior in patients affected by cardiovascular diseases, and data about their role in acute aortic dissection (AAD) are lacking. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate CD14++CD16-, CD14++CD16+, and CD14+CD16++ cells in patients with Stanford-A AAD and in patients with carotid artery stenosis (CAS).Methods. 20 patients with carotid artery stenosis (CAS group), 17 patients with Stanford-A AAD (AAD group), and 17 subjects with traditional cardiovascular risk factors (RF group) were enrolled. Monocyte subset frequency was determined by flow cytometry.Results. Classical monocytes were significantly increased in the AAD group versus CAS and RF groups, whereas intermediate monocytes were significantly decreased in the AAD group versus CAS and RF groups.Conclusions. Results of this study identify in AAD patients a peculiar monocyte array that can partly explain depletion of T CD4+ lymphocyte subpopulations observed in patients affected by AAD.
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Cheng, Na, Hao Wang, Weizong Zhang, Heng Wang, Xiang Jin, Xiang Ma, and Yitong Ma. "Comparative Proteomic Investigation of Plasma Reveals Novel Potential Biomarker Groups for Acute Aortic Dissection." Disease Markers 2020 (March 19, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4785068.
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Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is a catastrophic cardiovascular disease with high disability and mortality due to multiple fatal complications. However, the molecular changes of the serum proteome after AAD are not very clear. Here, we performed isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation- (iTRAQ-) based comparative proteomic analysis to investigate the proteome profile changes after AAD by collecting plasma samples from 20 AAD patients and 20 controls. Out of the 345 identified proteins, 266 were considered as high-quality quantified proteins (95%confident peptides≥2), of which 25 proteins were accumulated and 12 were reduced in AAD samples. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that the 25 AAD-accumulated proteins were enriched in high-density lipoprotein particles for the cellular component category and protein homodimerization acidity for the molecular function category. Protein-protein interaction network analysis showed that serum amyloid A proteins (SAAs), complement component proteins, and carboxypeptidase N catalytic chain proteins (CPNs) possessed the key nodes of the network. The expression levels of six selected AAD-accumulated proteins, B2-GP1, CPN1, F9, LBP, SAA1, and SAA2, were validated by ELISA. Moreover, ROC analysis showed that the AUCs of B2-GP1 and CPN1 were 0.808 and 0.702, respectively. Our data provide insights into molecular change profiles in proteome levels after AAD and indicate that B2-GP1 and CPN1 are potential biomarkers for AAD.
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Takagi, Hisato, Yosuke Hari, Kouki Nakashima, Toshiki Kuno, and Tomo Ando. "Matrix metalloproteinases and acute aortic dissection: Et Tu, Brute?" Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery 30, no. 3 (December 6, 2019): 465–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icvts/ivz286.
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Abstract OBJECTIVES To summarize the present evidence for the association of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) with acute aortic dissection (AAD), we performed the first meta-analysis of all currently available case–control studies comparing circulating MMP levels between AAD patients and control subjects. METHODS To identify all studies investigating the levels of circulating MMPs in AAD patients, PubMed and Web of Science were searched up to July 2019. The levels of MMPs in AAD patients and control subjects were extracted from each study, and the standardized mean differences (SMDs) in MMP levels were generated. The study-specific estimates were combined in the random-effects model. RESULTS Twelve studies enrolling a total of 458 AAD patients and 711 control subjects were identified and included. Pooled analyses demonstrated no significant differences in MMP-1 (4 studies; P = 0.21), MMP-2 (5 studies; P = 0.62) and MMP-3 levels (2 studies; P = 0.94) between AAD patients and control subjects; and significantly higher MMP-8 (2 studies; SMD 2.11; P = 0.020), MMP-9 (9 studies; SMD 1.54; P < 0.001) and MMP-12 levels (2 studies; SMD 1.33; P < 0.001) in AAD patients than in control subjects. CONCLUSION High circulating MMP-9 levels are associated with AAD, and MMP-8 and MMP-12 levels may be related to AAD.
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Pathakamuri, Joseph A., and David A. Theilmann. "The Acidic Activation Domain of the Baculovirus Transactivator IE1 Contains a Virus-Specific Domain Essential for DNA Replication." Journal of Virology 76, no. 11 (June 1, 2002): 5598–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.11.5598-5604.2002.
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ABSTRACT IE1 is a potent transcriptional transactivator of the baculovirus Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV) and has been shown to be essential for viral DNA replication. IE1 contains an acidic activation domain (AAD) at the N terminus that is essential for transcriptional transactivation, but its role in viral DNA replication is unknown. In this study the role of the IE1 AAD in DNA replication is investigated. We have determined that deletion of the AAD eliminates the ability of IE1 to support DNA replication, showing that the AAD is essential for DNA replication as well as transcriptional transactivation. Replacement of the AAD with the archetype domain from herpesvirus VP16 and the evolutionarily related domain from Autographa californica MNPV (AcMNPV) IE1 produces chimeric proteins that are potent transactivators. Surprisingly, however, these chimeric proteins were unable to support DNA replication, indicating that there is a host- or virus-specific replication subdomain in the AAD that was not functionally replaced by the VP16 or AcMNPV AAD. Using N- and C-terminal deletion mutants, the region of the AAD that was essential for DNA replication was mapped to amino acids 1 to 65. AAD deletion mutants also showed that an IE1 that is functional for transcriptional transactivation is not required for viral DNA replication. The IE1 AAD therefore contains an essential replication domain that is separable from the transcriptional activation domains. Our results suggest that IE1 specifically interacts with a component of the viral replication complex, supporting the view that it acts as a nucleating factor by binding to the viral replication origins.
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Naletto, Lara, Anna Chiara Frigo, Filippo Ceccato, Chiara Sabbadin, Riccardo Scarpa, Fabio Presotto, Miriam Dalla Costa, et al. "The natural history of autoimmune Addison’s disease from the detection of autoantibodies to development of the disease: a long-term follow-up study on 143 patients." European Journal of Endocrinology 180, no. 3 (March 2019): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-18-0313.
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Background Adrenal cortex autoantibodies (ACAs) and/or 21-hydroxylase (21OHAb) are markers of autoimmune Addison’s disease (AAD) and progression to overt AAD. The reported cumulative risk of developing AAD varies from 0 to 90% in different studies. Aim To assess the predictive value of different parameters in the progression toward AAD in patients with ACA and/or 21OHAb-positive patients with autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes (APS). Materials and methods Twenty-nine patients with APS-1 and 114 patients with APS-2 or APS-4 were followed up for a median of 10 years (range 6 months to 33 years) and were assessed using ACTH test. The risk of AAD was estimated according to age, gender, stage of adrenal dysfunction, associated diseases and antibody titer. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used for statistical analysis. Results The cumulative risk (CR) of developing AAD was higher in APS-1 patients (94.2%) than in patients with APS-2/APS-4 (38.7%). The CR was high in both male and female APS-1 patients, while in patients with APS-2/APS-4 it was high only in males. Stage 1 (increased plasma renin) for patients with APS-1 and Stage 2 (no response of cortisol to ACTH test) for patients with APS-2/APS-4 were established as the points of no return in the progression to AAD. Adjusted hazard ratio analyses by multivariate Cox model for AAD showed that gender, diseases and adrenal function were independent risk factors for developing clinical AAD. The risk of developing clinical AAD appears to subside after 19 years of follow-up. Conclusions A model for estimating the probability to survive free of AAD has been developed and should be a useful tool in designing appropriate follow-up intervals and future therapeutic strategies.
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Pazderska, Agnieszka, Marta Fichna, Anna L. Mitchell, Catherine M. Napier, Earn Gan, Marek Ruchała, Mauro Santibanez-Koref, and Simon H. Pearce. "Impact of Month of Birth on the Risk of Development of Autoimmune Addison’s Disease." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 101, no. 11 (August 30, 2016): 4214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-2392.
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Context: The pathogenesis of autoimmune Addison’s disease (AAD) is thought to be due to interplay of genetic, immune, and environmental factors. A month-of-birth effect, with increased risk for those born in autumn/winter months, has been described in autoimmune conditions such as type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroid disease. Objective: Month-of-birth effect was investigated in 2 independent cohorts of AAD subjects. Design, Setting, and Patients: The monthly distribution of birth in AAD patients was compared with that of the general population using the cosinor test. A total of 415 AAD subjects from the United Kingdom cohort were compared with 8 180 180 United Kingdom births, and 231 AAD subjects from the Polish cohort were compared with 2 421 384 Polish births. Main Outcome Measures: Association between month of birth and the susceptibility to AAD. Results: In the entire cohort of AAD subjects, month-of-birth distribution analysis showed significant periodicity with peak of births in December and trough in May (P = .028). Analysis of the odds ratio distribution based on month of birth in 2 cohorts of patients with AAD versus the general population revealed a December peak and May trough, and January peak and July trough, in the United Kingdom and Polish cohorts, respectively. Conclusion: For the first time, we demonstrate that month of birth exerts an effect on the risk of developing AAD, with excess risk in individuals born in winter months and a protective effect when born in the summer. Exposure to seasonal viral infections in the perinatal period, coupled with vitamin D deficiency, could lead to dysregulation of innate immunity affecting the risk of developing AAD.
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Popov, Sergii V., Oleksandr I. Smyian, Andrii N. Loboda, Olena K. Redko, Svitlana I. Bokova, Oleksandr P. Moshchych, Viktoriia O. Petrashenko, Svitlana N. Kasian, and Olena V. Savchuk. "PECULIARITIES OF ANTIBIOTIC-ASSOCIATED DIARRHEA DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS." Wiadomości Lekarskie 72, no. 1 (January 2019): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek201901115.
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Introduction: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are the main cause of morbidity in most countries. The probability of complications and age determine antibiotics administration. Antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD) is one of the side effects of antibiotics. The aim: The study of the prevalence rate of AAD and the characteristics of its development in children with ARI. Materials and methods: The study included 75 children aged from 1 to 12 y diagnosed with ARI, who were treated with age-specific doses of antibiotics. The influence of children’s anamnesis, parents’ health on the development of AAD was studied with odds ratio calculation (OR). Results: In general, AAD incidence was 52%. The highest frequency 59.3% was observed in children under 3 y. AAD most often developed in children treated with amoxicillin – 92%. The greatest dependence of AAD development was connected with breastfeeding less than 6 months – OR was 7.65, preterm birth – 2.9, functional GIT disorders in anamnesis – up to 3.14, allergy – 2.33. The risk of AAD development increased with the age of parents more than 35 y – 5.03, at the age of parents less than 18 and older than 35 y – 4.09, parents’ allergies - 3.74 and parents smoking - 2.43. Conclusions: The most important factors of AAD development on antibiotics therapy in children with ARI are breastfeeding less than 6 months, functional GIT disorders and allergic conditions in anamnesis. Suboptimal age and parents’ health (GIT disorders, allergic conditions and unhealthy habits) also increase the risk of AAD development.
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Lin, You-Cian, Jeen-Chen Chen, Jiunn-Min Lin, Chih-Hsiang Hsu, Ching-Feng Wu, and Shao-Hsuan Kao. "Differential Serum Proteomic Signatures between Acute Aortic Dissection and Acute Myocardial Infarction." Biomedicines 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2023): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11010161.
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Acute aortic dissection (AAD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are both severe cardiovascular diseases that may cause sudden death. However, whether serum proteins are differentially expressed between AAD and AMI remains unclear. Here, we aimed to explore serum protein profiles between AAD and AMI patients. A total of 75 serum samples were collected, including AAD patients without AMI (n = 25), AMI patients without AAD (n = 25), and normal subjects (n=25). Protein identities and expression levels were assessed by LC-MS/MS analysis and a label-free quantitation method, respectively. After depletion of albumin and IgG, a total of 117 proteins with differential expression (fold change ≥2 or ≤−2.0, p < 0.05) were identified, of which 60 were upregulated and 57 were downregulated in AAD sera as compared to AMI sera. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the differentially expressed serum proteins were mainly derived from exosomes and the extracellular space, and their molecular functions and biological processes were primarily involved in the activity of transporters and complements and the immune response. In addition, the serum level of Cadherin-5, an identified protein with significant regulation in AAD, was further evaluated by ELISA and the results showed that Cadherin-5 in AAD sera was higher that in AMI and healthy sera. Collectively, these findings reveal the differential serum protein profiles between AAD and AMI, which may reflect the divergent pathophysiological progression between the two cardiovascular diseases.
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Chekan, Jonathan R., Chayanid Ongpipattanakul, Terry R. Wright, Bo Zhang, J. Martin Bollinger, Lauren J. Rajakovich, Carsten Krebs, Robert M. Cicchillo, and Satish K. Nair. "Molecular basis for enantioselective herbicide degradation imparted by aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenases in transgenic plants." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 27 (June 17, 2019): 13299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1900711116.
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The synthetic auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is an active ingredient of thousands of commercial herbicides. Multiple species of bacteria degrade 2,4-D via a pathway initiated by the Fe(II) and α-ketoglutarate (Fe/αKG)-dependent aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenases (AADs). Recently, genes encoding 2 AADs have been deployed commercially in herbicide-tolerant crops. Some AADs can also inactivate chiral phenoxypropionate and aryloxyphenoxypropionate (AOPP) herbicides, albeit with varying substrate enantioselectivities. Certain AAD enzymes, such as AAD-1, have expanded utility in weed control systems by enabling the use of diverse modes of action with a single trait. Here, we report 1) the use of a genomic context-based approach to identify 59 additional members of the AAD class, 2) the biochemical characterization of AAD-2 fromBradyrhizobium diazoefficiensUSDA 110 as a catalyst to degrade (S)-stereoisomers of chiral synthetic auxins and AOPP herbicides, 3) spectroscopic data that demonstrate the canonical ferryl complex in the AAD-1 reaction, and 4) crystal structures of representatives of the AAD class. Structures of AAD-1, an (R)-enantiomer substrate-specific enzyme, in complexes with a phenoxypropionate synthetic auxin or with AOPP herbicides and of AAD-2, which has the opposite (S)-enantiomeric substrate specificity, reveal the structural basis for stereoselectivity and provide insights into a common catalytic mechanism.
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Gu, Guorong, Weizhong Cheng, Chenling Yao, Jun Yin, Chaoyang Tong, Andrew Rao, Lawrence Yen, Matthew Ku, and Jianyu Rao. "Quantitative Proteomics Analysis by Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation Identified Lumican as a Potential Marker for Acute Aortic Dissection." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/920763.
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Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is a serious vascular disease. Currently the diagnosis relies on clinical and radiological means whereas serum biomarkers are lacking. The purpose of this study was to identify potential serum biomarkers for AAD using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) approach. A total of 120 serum samples were collected from three groups: AAD patients (n=60), patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI,n=30), and healthy volunteers (n=30), whereas the first 10 samples from each group were used for iTRAQ analysis. Using iTRAQ approach, a total of 174 proteins were identified as significantly different between AAD patients and healthy subjects. Among them, forty-six proteins increased more than twofold, full-scale analysis using serum sample for the entire 120 subjects demonstrated that Lumican level was significantly increased relative to control and AMI samples. Further, Lumican level correlated with time from onset to admission in AAD but not AMI samples. Using iTRAQ approach, our study showed that Lumican may be a potential AAD-related serum marker that may assist the diagnosis of AAD.
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Elmesiry, Safaa Mohamed, Kareman Ahmed Eshra, Hoda Alsaid Ahmad Ezz, Raghda Zakki Talat, and Mohamed Zakaria Hussein. "Detection of N-Aminoglycoside Acetyltransferases (3)-IIa and (6՝)-Ib Enzymes among Gram Negative Bacilli Causing Nosocomial Infections at Surgical ICU Units of Tanta University Hospital." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (June 10, 2022): 197–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1106.022.
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Aminoglycosides resistance is a major problem because of their critical role in treating life threatening healthcare associated infections (HCAIs). Therefore, this study aimed to detect aminoglycoside resistant gram-negative bacilli in different clinical isolates in Surgical ICUs of Tanta University Hospital. This study was carried out on 600 patients who had evidence of HCAIs. All specimens were cultured on nutrient, Blood, Mac-Conkey and CLED agars. Out of tested specimens 277 gram-negative bacilli (GNB) isolates were identified by conventional methods of them 100 isolates confirmed by API 20E system and their aminoglycosides resistance was assessed by modified Kirby- Bauer method and E-test. AAC(3)-IIa, AAC(6՝)-Ib, APH(3′)-VI (APH A6), APH (3′)-I(APH A1), ANT (3”)-Ia (AAD A1) and Arm A genes were detected by conventional (PCR). (39%) of isolates were Acinetobacter baumanii, (28%) Klebsiella pneumoniae, (25%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, (7%) Proteus mirabilis and (1%) Enterobacter cloacae. All isolates were MDR with 98% of isolates producing ESBL. Over all aminoglycosides resistance were (96%) to tobramycin, (90%) to gentamycin and (89%) to amikacin. AAC(3)-IIa, AAC(6՝)-Ib, APH A6, APH A1, AAD A1 and Arm A were detected in 22%,70%, 76%,,43%,18%, 43% of the isolates respectively.
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Ohle, R., S. McIsaac, and J. J. Perry. "LO32: A RAPID bedside approach to ruling out acute aortic dissection." CJEM 20, S1 (May 2018): S17—S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2018.94.
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Introduction: Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is a rare but fatal condition where over-investigation and missed diagnosis are common. Our objectives were to derive a highly sensitive clinical risk score for AAD and perform pilot validation. Methods: We started with two independent systemic reviews to firstly identify clinical variables associated with AAD and secondly to determine reasons for missed diagnosis. We searched Medline, Embase and the Cochrane database (1968-July 2016). Two reviewers screened articles and extracted data. Agreement was measured by Kappa and study quality by the QUADAS-2 tool. Bivariate random-effects meta-analyses (Revman 5 and SAS 9.3) were performed. Due to sampling bias found in the systematic reviews a matched case control study confirming the strength and direction of predictor variables was performed. The cases (2002-2014) included new emergency department (ED) or in-hospital diagnosis of non-traumatic AAD confirmed by computed tomography (CT). The controls (2010-2011) were a random age/sex matched sample of patients triaged with undifferentiated acute truncal pain (< 14 days). Finally, we used the beta coefficients derived from multivariate logistic regression of our case control study to assign a numerical strength of association to predictor variables. To mitigate the bias inherent in case control studies we adjusted the beta coefficient for each variable by the diagnostic odds ratio calculated from each systematic review. Pilot validation was performed on a retrospective sample of all those undergoing CTA to rule out AAD at two tertiary care ED over 12 months. Two abstractors were blinded to the final diagnosis. Results: We derived a two-step risk score based on the derivation sample which included 4960 patients(Clinical variables systematic review -9 studies, N=2400, low risk of bias, Kappa 0.9 & Reasons for missed diagnosis systematic review - 11 studies, N=800, low-moderate risk of bias, Kappa 0.89 & Case control study -194 AAD, 776 Controls). Step one is a RAPID assessment for AAD 1) Risk factors 2) Alternative diagnosis in the differential that mimics AAD- ACS, PE, Stroke 3) Physical exam- hypotension, pulse deficit 4) Impression- clinical suspicion of AAD and 5) Discomfort- migrating, tearing, pleuritic, thunderclap, severe pain. If any of the above factors are present proceed to step two. Step two stratifies patients based on history (low, moderate, high suspicion), physical exam (hypotension/pulse deficit) and risk factors. In the pilot validation (N=375,AAD=16) sensitivity was 100% (95%CI 79.4-100) and specificity 36.5% (95%CI 31.5-41.7%). Patients were successfully stratified into low (<2, 0% AAD), moderate (2, 2.2% AAD), high (>2, 19.6% AAD) and critical probability (>3, 62.5% AAD), with up to 36% reduction in imaging. Conclusion: We derived a highly sensitive new clinical risk score with the potential to reduce missed cases of AAD, reduce unnecessary imaging and expedite care.
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Li, Tan, Xiaozheng Liu, Hongxia Ning, Xintong Li, Jun Yang, and Chunyan Ma. "Association of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Gene Polymorphisms with Acute Aortic Dissection in a Chinese Han Population." BioMed Research International 2020 (December 8, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8306903.
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Background. Inflammation may be involved in the pathogenesis of acute aortic dissection (AAD). Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is known to play a critical role in regulating the immune and inflammatory processes. To date, the relationship between genetic variation of TLR4 and AAD is far from clear. The purpose of our study was to illustrate the relevance of TLR4 polymorphisms with the susceptibility to AAD. Methods. A total of 222 AAD patients and 222 controls were enrolled in this study. Frequency distributions of TLR4 polymorphisms (rs10759932 in the promoter and rs11536889 in the 3 ′ -untranslated region) were determined by the KASP method. Clinical parameters were acquired from subjects’ medical records, and serum TLR4 levels were collected from our previously published data. Results. We found that rs10759932 polymorphism was associated with a reduced risk of AAD in the overall population (CC vs. TT: OR = 0.393 , 95 % CI = 0.164 ‐ 0.939 , P = 0.036 ; recessive model: OR = 0.439 , 95 % CI = 0.196 ‐ 0.984 , P = 0.045 ) and subgroup analyses stratified by sex. The GC genotype and dominant model of rs11536889 conferred a significantly higher risk of AAD compared with GG genotype in female subjects (GC vs. GG: OR = 3.382 , 95 % CI = 1.051 ‐ 10.885 , P = 0.041 ; dominant model: OR = 3.043 , 95 % CI = 1.041 ‐ 8.900 , P = 0.042 ). In addition, a significant interaction between the rs11536889 recessive model and dyslipidemia was observed for an increased risk of AAD ( P interaction = 0.038 , OR = 15.229 ) after the adjustment for potential clinical covariates. We also used the false-positive report probability (FPRP) analysis to validate the significant results. Furthermore, rs11536889 polymorphism could affect the maximal aortic diameters of AAD ( P = 0.037 ), while AAD patients carrying CC genotype of rs10759932 showed lower serum TLR4 levels than TT genotype carriers ( P = 0.043 ). Conclusions. Our findings provide evidence for the association between TLR4 polymorphisms and AAD susceptibility in a Chinese Han population, which may have some implications for understanding the role of TLR4 in the pathophysiology of AAD.
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Aroudi, Ali, Eghart Fischer, Maja Serman, Henning Puder, and Simon Doclo. "Closed-Loop Cognitive-Driven Gain Control of Competing Sounds Using Auditory Attention Decoding." Algorithms 14, no. 10 (September 30, 2021): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a14100287.
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Recent advances have shown that it is possible to identify the target speaker which a listener is attending to using single-trial EEG-based auditory attention decoding (AAD). Most AAD methods have been investigated for an open-loop scenario, where AAD is performed in an offline fashion without presenting online feedback to the listener. In this work, we aim at developing a closed-loop AAD system that allows to enhance a target speaker, suppress an interfering speaker and switch attention between both speakers. To this end, we propose a cognitive-driven adaptive gain controller (AGC) based on real-time AAD. Using the EEG responses of the listener and the speech signals of both speakers, the real-time AAD generates probabilistic attention measures, based on which the attended and the unattended speaker are identified. The AGC then amplifies the identified attended speaker and attenuates the identified unattended speaker, which are presented to the listener via loudspeakers. We investigate the performance of the proposed system in terms of the decoding performance and the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) improvement. The experimental results show that, although there is a significant delay to detect attention switches, the proposed system is able to improve the SIR between the attended and the unattended speaker. In addition, no significant difference in decoding performance is observed between closed-loop AAD and open-loop AAD. The subjective evaluation results show that the proposed closed-loop cognitive-driven system demands a similar level of cognitive effort to follow the attended speaker, to ignore the unattended speaker and to switch attention between both speakers compared to using open-loop AAD. Closed-loop AAD in an online fashion is feasible and enables the listener to interact with the AGC.
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Mato, Lugkana, Narongsak Khamnon, Wilairat Namwong, Thiwabhorn Thaweewannakij, and Sugalya Amatachaya. "Musculoskeletal pain in ambulatory patients with spinal cord injury who walking with or without walking devices: Prevalence and impact on walking speed." Journal of Associated Medical Sciences 55, no. 3 (September 2, 2022): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12982/jams.2022.034.
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Background: Musculoskeletal pain in spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common problem. However, not much research exists on the prevalence of pain in ambulatory patients with SCI walking either with or without ambulatory assistive devices (AAD). Objectives: This study aimed to explore the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and to investigate the impact of pain on walking speed in ambulatory patients with SCI walking with or without AAD. Materials and methods: There were 86 patients with SCI who were able to walk independently with or without AAD. All the patients were evaluated for musculoskeletal pain using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Then their walking speed was assessed using a 10-meter walk test (10MWT). Results: The proportion of patients with pain was high in both groups (63% in patients using AAD and 55% in patients not using AAD). For those with AAD, the fastest walking speed was significantly different in patients with mild, moderate, and severe pain compared to patients with no pain while for those without AAD, the fastest speed was significantly different in patients with moderate and severe pain compared to patients with no pain (p<0.05). Conclusion: Musculoskeletal pain was commonly found in ambulatory patients with SCI walking with or without AAD, and this pain impacted their walking speeds. The finding of musculoskeletal pain in both patients walking with or without AAD could raise healthcare professionals’ awareness of the debilitating impact of musculoskeletal pain. Thus, the development of improved therapeutic approaches for reducing this impact is needed.
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Kulthinee, Supaporn, Weijian Shao, Martha Franco, and L. Gabriel Navar. "Purinergic P2X1 receptor, purinergic P2X7 receptor, and angiotensin II type 1 receptor interactions in the regulation of renal afferent arterioles in angiotensin II-dependent hypertension." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 318, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): F1400—F1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00602.2019.
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In ANG II-dependent hypertension, ANG II activates ANG II type 1 receptors (AT1Rs), elevating blood pressure and increasing renal afferent arteriolar resistance (AAR). The increased arterial pressure augments interstitial ATP concentrations activating purinergic P2X receptors (P2XRs) also increasing AAR. Interestingly, P2X1R and P2X7R inhibition reduces AAR to the normal range, raising the conundrum regarding the apparent disappearance of AT1R influence. To evaluate the interactions between P2XRs and AT1Rs in mediating the increased AAR elicited by chronic ANG II infusions, experiments using the isolated blood perfused juxtamedullary nephron preparation allowed visualization of afferent arteriolar diameters (AAD). Normotensive and ANG II-infused hypertensive rats showed AAD responses to increases in renal perfusion pressure from 100 to 140 mmHg by decreasing AAD by 26 ± 10% and 19 ± 4%. Superfusion with the inhibitor P2X1Ri (NF4490; 1 μM) increased AAD. In normotensive kidneys, superfusion with ANG II (1 nM) decreased AAD by 16 ± 4% and decreased further by 19 ± 5% with an increase in renal perfusion pressure. Treatment with P2X1Ri increased AAD by 30 ± 6% to values higher than those at 100 mmHg plus ANG II. In hypertensive kidneys, the inhibitor AT1Ri (SML1394; 1 μM) increased AAD by 10 ± 7%. In contrast, treatment with P2X1Ri increased AAD by 21 ± 14%; combination with P2X1Ri plus P2X7Ri (A438079; 1 μM) increased AAD further by 25 ± 8%. The results indicate that P2X1R, P2X7R, and AT1R actions converge at receptor or postreceptor signaling pathways, but P2XR exerts a dominant influence abrogating the actions of AT1Rs on AAR in ANG II-dependent hypertension.
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Forrer, Anja, Felix Schoenrath, Michael Torzewski, Jens Schmid, Urlich F. W. Franke, Nora Göbel, Drahomir Aujesky, et al. "Novel Blood Biomarkers for a Diagnostic Workup of Acute Aortic Dissection." Diagnostics 11, no. 4 (March 30, 2021): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11040615.
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Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is a rare condition, but together with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and pulmonary embolism (PE) it belongs to the most relevant and life-threatening causes of acute chest pain. Until now, there has been no specific blood test in the diagnostic workup of AAD. To identify clinically relevant biomarkers for AAD, we applied Proseek® Multiplex assays to plasma samples from patients with AAD, AMI, PE, thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA), and non-cardiovascular chest pain (nonCVD). Subsequently, we validated top hits using conventional immunoassays and examined their expression in the aortic tissue. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) alone showed the best performance with a sensitivity of 55% and a specificity of 98% for AAD diagnosis. The combination of D-dimers, high-sensitive troponin T (hs-TnT), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI1) correctly classified 75% of AAD cases, delivering a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 95% for its diagnosis. Moreover, this model provided the correct classification of 77% of all analyzed cases. Our data suggest that IL-10 shows potential to be a rule-in biomarker for AAD. Moreover, the addition of PAI1 and IL-6 to hs-TnT and D-dimers may improve the discrimination of suspected AAD, AMI, and PE in patients presenting with acute chest pain.
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Xie, Nan, Wei Zhang, Hong Li, Jing Zhou, Xinyi Yang, Liqun Zou, and Zhi Wan. "Admission Values of Plasma Biomarkers Predict the Short-Term Outcomes in Acute Aortic Dissection." Heart Surgery Forum 24, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): E048—E054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1532/hsf.3417.
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Background and aims: Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is an emergency disease with high misdiagnosis rate and mortality. The aim of the present study is to explore the impact of blood-related biomarkers, specifically D-dimer, on in-hospital outcomes of patients with AAD. Materials and methods: A total of 345 patients in our hospital from December 2013 to April 2017 were included. The cutoff value for D-dimer and LDL-C were set as 5.9mg/l and 1.45 mg/l, respectively. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify the independently prognostic predictors. Results: The results showed that patients with type A AAD had higher risk of in-hospital mortality compared with those with type B disease. Moreover, results revealed the type A AAD (OR 6.382, 95%CI: 2.423 to 16.812), D-dimer (OR 2.160, 95%CI: 1.072 to 4.350), and LDL-C (OR 0.373, 95%CI: 0.148 to 0.940) were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. Subgroup analysis suggested that D-dimer (OR 2.295, 95%CI: 1.140 to 4.622) was an independently prognostic factor in type A AAD. Conclusion: In summary, D-dimer ≥5.9 mg/L and type A AAD were independently associated with in-hospital mortality in AAD patients. Moreover, subgroup analysis proved that the elevated D-dimer was related to poor prognosis in type A AAD.
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Chun, Hyejin. "Ascending aortic diameter and metabolic syndrome in Korean men." Journal of Investigative Medicine 65, no. 8 (July 21, 2017): 1125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jim-2016-000367.
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This study aimed to evaluate the association of ascending aortic diameter (AAD) measured by low-dose chest CT (LDCT) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in Korean men. AAD was measured with LDCT in 1046 healthy Korean men (mean age 50.7±9.7 years, range 28 to 69 years) participating in medical health check-up in a university health promotion center. AAD was defined as the longest length measured from the left main coronary ostium to the level of the right pulmonary artery in the axial plane in LDCT. The association between AAD and MS was examined using logistic regression. The mean of AAD was significantly higher in cases with MS (37.2±4.2 mm) compared with those without MS (35.1±4.3 mm) (p<0.001). Logistic regression with AAD showed that ORs and 95% CI of MS in Q2 (1.72, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.53), Q3 (2.59, 95% CI 1.85 to 5.81) and Q4 (4.71, 95% CI 1.63 to 8.79) were significantly higher compared with Q1 (the lowest quartile). In variable (age, body surface area, total cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, smoking, alcohol intake and exercise) adjusted multiple linear regression analysis, Q4 (the highest quartile of AAD) was significantly associated with MS compared with Q1 (OR 4.52, 95% CI 1.67 to 9.87). In conclusion, AAD measured by LDCT is significantly associated with the prevalence of MS in Korean men.
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Jingjing, Sun, Zhang Yanshu, Liu Yu, Shi Qindong, Wang Xue, Zhang Lei, He Yingli, and Guo Litao. "Factors related to antibiotic-associated diarrhea in patients in the intensive care unit receiving antifungals: a single-center retrospective study." Journal of International Medical Research 47, no. 5 (March 21, 2019): 2067–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060519836305.
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Objective To analyze factors related to antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving antifungals with the aim of informing rational antibiotic use. Methods Sex, age, medical history, use of proton pump inhibitors, administration of parenteral nutrition, albumin level, occurrence of AAD, type of antibiotics, duration of ICU admission, and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed. The associations of age, sex, medical history, and other factors with AAD were associated by logistic regression. Results In total, 284 patients were enrolled (antifungals, n = 110; no antifungals, n = 174). The total incidence of AAD was 32.39%. The incidence of AAD was significantly different between the groups (52.73% vs. 19.54%). The duration of proton pump inhibitor therapy, duration of antifungal therapy, enzyme inhibitor antibiotic use, and azithromycin use were associated with AAD in ICU patients receiving antifungal therapy. The mean duration of ICU admission was higher in patients receiving antifungal therapy (20.14 ± 11.50 vs. 14.48 ± 8.54 days). There was no significant difference in ICU mortality rates. Conclusion The duration of proton pump inhibitor therapy, duration of antifungal therapy, use of enzyme inhibitor antibiotics, and use of azithromycins were associated with AAD in ICU patients receiving antifungal therapy.
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Royce, Simon G., Yu R. Miao, Melissa Lee, Chrishan S. Samuel, Geoffrey W. Tregear, and Mimi L. K. Tang. "Relaxin Reverses Airway Remodeling and Airway Dysfunction in Allergic Airways Disease." Endocrinology 150, no. 6 (February 12, 2009): 2692–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2008-1457.
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Mice deficient in the antifibrotic hormone relaxin develop structural changes in the airway that resemble airway remodeling, and demonstrate exaggerated remodeling changes in models of allergic airways disease (AAD). Relaxin expression in asthma has not been previously studied. We evaluated the efficacy of relaxin in the treatment of established airway remodeling in a mouse model of AAD. Relaxin expression in mouse AAD was also examined by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. BALB/c mice with established AAD were treated with relaxin or vehicle control (sc for 14 d), and effects on airway remodeling, airway inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) were assessed. Relaxin expression was significantly reduced in the airways of mice with AAD compared with controls. Recombinant relaxin treatment in a mouse model of AAD reversed collagen deposition and epithelial thickening, and significantly improved AHR (all P < 0.05 vs. vehicle control), but did not influence airway inflammation or goblet cell hyperplasia. Relaxin treatment was associated with increased matrix metalloproteinase-2 levels, suggesting a possible mechanism for its antifibrotic effects. Endogenous relaxin expression is decreased in murine AAD, whereas exogenous relaxin represents a novel treatment capable of reversing established airway remodeling and AHR.
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Giduthuri, Anthony T., and Birgitte K. Ahring. "Current Status and Prospects of Valorizing Organic Waste via Arrested Anaerobic Digestion: Production and Separation of Volatile Fatty Acids." Fermentation 9, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9010013.
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Volatile fatty acids (VFA) are intermediary degradation products during anaerobic digestion (AD) that are subsequently converted to methanogenic substrates, such as hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and acetic acid (CH3COOH). The final step of AD is the conversion of these methanogenic substrates into biogas, a mixture of methane (CH4) and CO2. In arrested AD (AAD), the methanogenic step is suppressed to inhibit VFA conversion to biogas, making VFA the main product of AAD, with CO2 and H2. VFA recovered from the AAD fermentation can be further converted to sustainable biofuels and bioproducts. Although this concept is known, commercialization of the AAD concept has been hindered by low VFA titers and productivity and lack of cost-effective separation methods for recovering VFA. This article reviews the different techniques used to rewire AD to AAD and the current state of the art of VFA production with AAD, emphasizing recent developments made for increasing the production and separation of VFA from complex organic materials. Finally, this paper discusses VFA production by AAD could play a pivotal role in producing sustainable jet fuels from agricultural biomass and wet organic waste materials.
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Anumolu, Srimukhi, Gowri Edagotti, and M. A. Rahman. "Antibiotic associated diarrhoea in paediatric outpatient practice." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 8, no. 3 (February 23, 2021): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20210660.
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Background: To document the profile of antibiotic associated diarrhoea (AAD) in children aged 6 months to 15 years receiving oral antibiotics.Methods: Prospective study of children attending the out-patient department, who were started on oral antibiotic for indications other than gastrointestinal infections. Data collection was done with a questionnaire and follow up was done by telephone.Results: Of the 1022 children, seven developed AAD (0.68%). Twenty-nine other children had loose stools but did not fulfil the criteria of AAD. Of 436 children who received Amoxicillin clavulanate, 4 developed AAD. One each from 361 on amoxicillin, 9 on ciprofloxacin and 8 on erythromycin developed AAD. Five of the seven children who had diarrhoea were less than two years (71.4%).Conclusions: Incidence of AAD is very low in an out-patient setting. In all cases, diarrhoea subsided on stopping the antibiotic. Children below two years of age and those on Amoxicillin clavulanate have a significantly higher risk.
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Yang, Kehui, Jun Ren, Xin Li, Zheng Wang, Li Xue, Sumei Cui, Wentao Sang, et al. "Prevention of aortic dissection and aneurysm via an ALDH2-mediated switch in vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype." European Heart Journal 41, no. 26 (May 19, 2020): 2442–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa352.
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Abstract Aims Aortic aneurysm/dissection (AAD) is a life-threatening disorder lacking effective pharmacotherapeutic remedies. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) polymorphism is tied with various risk factors for AAD including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and hypercholesterolaemia although direct correlation between the two remains elusive. Methods and results Two independent case–control studies were conducted involving 307 AAD patients and 399 healthy controls in two geographically distinct areas in China. Our data revealed that subjects carrying mutant ALDH2 gene possessed a ∼50% reduced risk of AAD compared with wild-type (WT) alleles. Using 3-aminopropionitrile fumarate (BAPN)- and angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced AAD animal models, inhibition of ALDH2 was found to retard development of AAD. Mechanistically, ALDH2 inhibition ablated pathological vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypical switch through interaction with myocardin, a determinant of VSMC contractile phenotype. Using microarray and bioinformatics analyses, ALDH2 deficiency was found to down-regulate miR-31-5p, which further altered myocardin mRNA level. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies verified that miR-31-5p significantly repressed myocardin level and aggravated pathological VSMC phenotypical switch and AAD, an effect that was blunted by ALDH2 inhibition. We next noted that ALDH2 deficiency increased Max expression and decreased miR-31-5p level. Moreover, ALDH2 mutation or inhibition down-regulated levels of miR-31-5p while promoting myocardin downstream contractile genes in the face of Ang II in primary human VSMCs. Conclusions ALDH2 deficiency is associated with a lower risk of AAD in patients and mice, possibly via suppressing VSMC phenotypical switch in a miR-31-5p-myocardin-dependent manner. These findings favour a role for ALDH2 and miR-31-5p as novel targets for AAD therapy.
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Robinson, Andrew P., D. M. Simpson, Kerrm Yau, Sarah Canada, and William G. Johnson. "Aryloxyalkanoate Dioxygenase-12 Soybean Protein Expression." Weed Science 63, no. 1 (March 2015): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-13-00035.1.
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New trait technology incorporating 2,4-D resistance in soybean is dependent upon the ability of the plant to metabolize 2,4-D by the aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase-12 protein (AAD-12). Our objectives were to determine AAD-12 expression during the daytime, throughout the leaf canopy, and before and after 2,4-D treatment for the events DAS-68416-4 and DAS-21606-3. Field experiments were conducted near Wanatah, IN in 2009 and Fowler, IN in 2009, 2010, and 2011. During the daytime, total AAD-12 expression was lowest between 12:30 and 15:30, averaging 161 ng cm−2, as compared to an average of 245 ng cm−2 in the morning and 243 ng cm−2 in the evening. The youngest fully emerged trifoliate in the DAS-68416-4 event had the highest AAD-12 expression, with means ranging from 369 to 390 ng cm−2, while the older leaves maintained a lower level of expression, 171 to 211 ng cm−2. The youngest leaves of event DAS-21606-3 had the highest level of AAD-12 expression (205 to 225 ng cm−2), while the level of AAD-12 was lower in older leaves (71 to 149 ng cm−2). In general, 2,4-D treatments did not reduce AAD-12 expression at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after treatment; however, in a few instances AAD-12 expression was increased or decreased by 8 to 11% after 2,4-D treatment. Expression of AAD-12 was between 152 to 390 ng cm−2 for DAS-68416-4 and from 71 to 244 ng cm−2 for DAS-21606-3.
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Matisoff, Andrew J., Pranathi Ari, David Zurakowski, Alexandra G. Espinel, Nina Deutsch, and Brian K. Reilly. "Risk Factors Associated With the Development of Acquired Airway Disease After Congenital Heart Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study." Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 22, no. 3 (May 2, 2018): 294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1089253218772848.
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Objective. In this single-center, retrospective review, we sought to determine the risk factors associated with the development of severe acquired airway disease (AAD; vocal cord paralysis [VCP] or subglottic stenosis [SGS]) in pediatric patients who had undergone surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD) with cardiopulmonary bypass. All patients who required surgical treatment for CHD using cardiopulmonary bypass at our institution between 2010 and 2015 were reviewed. We defined severe AAD as either clinically significant VCP, SGS, or both, requiring consultation with the otolaryngology (ENT) service for evaluation. The disease was classified as severe because it led to difficulty with intubation or failure to wean mechanical ventilation. This airway disease was not present or was clinically insignificant prior to congenital heart surgery. Results. Over a 5-year period (August 2010 to December 2015), 1395 patients were evaluated. Of these, 25 (1.8%) had significant AAD. Age was the only statistically significant independent predictor of AAD ( P < .001). Those with AAD were younger—3 versus 8 months—and had longer intubation time: 5 (2-18) versus 2 days (1-5). Of those who developed AAD, most (22/25) required some form of additional surgical procedure for its evaluation or management. Only 3 of the 25 patients with severe AAD required tracheostomy. Conclusions. Children who undergo congenital heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass are at risk for developing AAD, most often because of SGS or VCP. AAD can lead to failed extubation in the postoperative setting as well as difficult intubation during subsequent anesthetics. Although it often requires surgical treatment, it responds well to therapy and rarely requires tracheostomy.