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Journal articles on the topic 'AA2195'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Lee, Ho Sung, Koo Kil No, Joon Tae Yoo, and Jong Hoon Yoon. "A Study on Friction Stir Welding Process for AA2219/AA2195 Joints." Key Engineering Materials 762 (February 2018): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.762.339.

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The object of this study was to study mechanical properties of friction stir welded joints of AA2219 and AA2195. AA2219 has been used as an aerospace materials for many years primarily due to its high weldability and high specific strength in addition to the excellent cryogenic property so to be successfully used for manufacturing of cryogenic fuel tank for space launcher. Relatively new Aluminum-Lithium alloy, AA2195 provides significant saving on weight and manufacturing cost with application of friction stir welding. Friction stir welding is a solid-state joining process, which use a spinning tool to produce frictional heat in the work piece. To investigate the effect of the rotation direction of the tool, the joining was performed by switching the positions of the two dissimilar alloys. The welding parameters include the travelling speed, rotation speed and rotation direction of the tool, and the experiment was conducted under the condition that the travelling speed of the tool was 120-300 mm/min and the rotation speed of the tool was 400-800 rpm. Tensile tests were conducted to study the strength of friction stir welded joints and microhardness were measured with microstructural analysis. The results indicate the failure occurred in the relatively weaker TMAZ/HAZ interface of AA2219. The optimum process condition was obtained at the rotation speed of 600-800 rpm and the travelling speed of 180-240 mm/min.

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2

Agilan, M., R. Anbukkarasi, T. Venkateswran, Paul G. Panicker, Sathish V. Kailas, D. Sivakumar, and Bhanu Pant. "Studies on Friction Stir Welding of Al-Cu-Li (AA2195) Alloy." Materials Science Forum 830-831 (September 2015): 274–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.830-831.274.

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For aerospace applications, Al-Cu-Li alloys are more attractive than conventional aluminum alloys due to their low density, high modulus and high strength. AA2195 is a third generation Al-Li alloy, developed with improved weldability. In this study, AA2195 alloy of 5mm thick sheets were welded by friction stir welding process (FSW). Tool rotational speed was varied from 400 rpm to 1000 rpm at constant travel speed of 60mm/min. Optimum tool rotation speed was identified and defect free weld coupons were processed with optimized parameter. Mechanical properties and micro structural characterization have been conducted on FSW welds.

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3

Nayan, Niraj, S. V. S. Narayana Murty, S. C. Sharma, K. Sreekumar, and Parameshwar Prasad Sinha. "Optimization of Homogenization Parameters of Al-Cu-Li Alloy Cast Ingots Using Calorimetry and Metallographic Techniques." Materials Science Forum 710 (January 2012): 557–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.710.557.

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In the present study, thermal treatments for homogenizing cast structures of Al-Cu-Li alloy AA2195 for improved workability are developed chiefly by empirical methods and detailed Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and microstructural characterization. DSC has been carried out on as-cast samples to establish the homogenization temperatures and avoid incipient melting. Homogenization time has been calculated empirically and microstructural characterization and DSC has been carriedout to after each cycle to validate the empirically established homogenization cycle. Homogenization cycle (435°C/8hrs+495°C/12hrs+525°C/32hrs) has been established for AA2195 alloy having an average grain size of 500μm based on calorimetric studies and microstructural examination.

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4

Lee, Ye Rim, Hyun Ho Jung, Jong Hoon Yoon, Joon Tae Yoo, Kyung Ju Min, and Ho Sung Lee. "A Study on Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded and Electron Beam Welded AA2195 Sheets." Advanced Materials Research 1105 (May 2015): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1105.178.

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Aluminum-Copper-Lithium alloys are used as substitute for conventional aerospace Al alloys in cryogenic tank of liquid rocket engines, aircraft wing box and satellite systems due to their high specific modulus and specific strength. For this reason they are currently under consideration for one of the potential choices for a large structure of Korea Space Launch Vehicle. In this study, friction stir welding and electron beam welding were conducted on AA2195 sheets, in butt joint configuration in order to compare the two processes and to evaluate mechanical properties. The results provide valuable information for the optimal condition of joining AA2195 sheets for a large tankage structure of the space launcher.

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5

No, Kookil, Joon-Tae Yoo, Jong-Hoon Yoon, and Ho-Sung Lee. "Effect of Process Parameters on Friction Stir Welds on AA2219-AA2195 Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys." Korean Journal of Materials Research 27, no. 6 (June 30, 2017): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3740/mrsk.2017.27.6.331.

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6

Xie, Yuming, Xiangchen Meng, Feifan Wang, Yimeng Jiang, Xiaotian Ma, Long Wan, and Yongxian Huang. "Insight on corrosion behavior of friction stir welded AA2219/AA2195 joints in astronautical engineering." Corrosion Science 192 (November 2021): 109800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2021.109800.

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7

Elgallad, E. M., J. Lai, and X.-G. Chen. "Precipitation hardening of AA2195 DC cast alloy." Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 53, no. 4 (July 13, 2014): 494–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1879139514y.0000000149.

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8

Crooks, R., Z. Wang, V. I. Levit, and R. N. Shenoy. "Microtexture, micro structure and plastic anisotropy of AA2195." Materials Science and Engineering: A 257, no. 1 (November 1998): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(98)00833-8.

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9

Kim, Jae-Hee, Jeong-Hoon Jeun, Hyun-Jin Chun, Ye Rim Lee, Joon-Tae Yoo, Jong-Hoon Yoon, and Ho-Sung Lee. "Effect of precipitates on mechanical properties of AA2195." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 669 (June 2016): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.01.229.

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10

Nayan, Niraj, S. V. S. Narayana Murty, S. C. Sharma, K. Sreekumar, and P. P. Sinha. "Processing and Characterization of Al-Cu-Li Alloy AA2195." Materials Science Forum 710 (January 2012): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.710.119.

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The objective of the present study was to melt and cast AA2195 alloy in Vacuum Induction Melting (VIM) under dynamic inert atmosphere. These billets were homogenized and subsequently hot forged and rolled to sheets. The products in the form of sheets were subjected to T8 (Solution Treatment +WQ+CW+Aging) temper condition. Mechanical properties were evaluated at room temperature and correlated with microstructure. Highest mechanical properties obtained in T87 temper have been reported.

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11

Zhang, Jin, Zhen Jiang, Fushun Xu, and Mingan Chen. "Effects of Pre-Stretching on Creep Behavior, Mechanical Property and Microstructure in Creep Aging of Al-Cu-Li Alloy." Materials 12, no. 3 (January 22, 2019): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12030333.

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The effects of pre-stretching on creep behavior, mechanical properties and microstructure during the creep aging process of Al-Cu-Li alloy were investigated. AA2195 was taken as the representative of Al-Cu-Li alloys. It is found that the total creep strain and strength property of creep aged AA2195 specimens can be improved through effective pre-stretching. Unlike with artificial aging, yield strength increased increasing by 47%. The TEM images show that the constitution of aging precipitates in the creep-aged specimens are obviously changed by pre-stretching. Precipitates in the 2% pre-stretched specimen are mainly composed of T1 phase, while a great amount of θ’ phase accompanied with a few T1 phase were found in the non-pre-stretched specimen. Moreover, pre-stretching introduces many dislocations which benefit the creep deformation, but the increasing dislocation density also accelerates the nucleation and growth of the precipitates as well. The premature T1 phase has a great blocking effect to the dislocation motion, creating a lower decrease rate but a longer duration in the early creep stage. Except for the initial dislocations, the dislocation motion in the creep aging process is also a favorable factor to precipitate the T1 phase.

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12

Lee, Ho-Sung, Ye Rim Lee, and Kyung Ju Min. "Effects of Friction Stir Welding Speed on AA2195 alloy." MATEC Web of Conferences 45 (2016): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20164501003.

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13

Schneider, J. A., A. C. Nunes, P. S. Chen, and G. Steele. "TEM study of the FSW nugget in AA2195-T81." Journal of Materials Science 40, no. 16 (August 2005): 4341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-005-2808-8.

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14

Lee, Ho Sung, Jong Hoon Yoon, Joon Tae Yoo, and Kyung Ju Min. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded AA2195-T0." Materials Science Forum 857 (May 2016): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.857.266.

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Aluminum-copper-lithium alloy is a light weight metal that has been used as substitute for conventional aerospace aluminum alloys. With addition of Li element, it has lower density but higher strength. However these aluminum alloys are hard to weld by conventional fusion welding, since they often produce porosities and cracking in the weld zone. It is known that solid state welding like friction stir welding is appropriate for joining of this alloy. In this study, friction stir welding was performed on AA2195 sheets, in butt joint configuration in order to understand effects of process parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties in the weld zone. The results include the microstructural change after friction stir welding with electron microscopic analysis of precipitates.

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15

Jin, Yanye, and Haiping Yu. "Enhanced formability and hardness of AA2195-T6 during electromagnetic forming." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 890 (January 2022): 161891. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.161891.

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16

Agilan, Muthumanickam, Gandham Phanikumar, and Dhenuvakonda Sivakumar. "Weld Solidification Cracking Behaviour of AA2195 Al–Cu–Li Alloy." Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 71, no. 11 (September 20, 2018): 2667–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12666-018-1425-6.

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17

Nayan, Niraj, S. V. S. Narayana Murty, Abhay K. Jha, Bhanu Pant, S. C. Sharma, Koshy M. George, and G. V. S. Sastry. "Mechanical properties of aluminium–copper–lithium alloy AA2195 at cryogenic temperatures." Materials & Design 58 (June 2014): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.02.024.

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18

DU, Yu-xuan, Xin-ming ZHANG, Ling-ying YE, and Sheng-dan LIU. "Evolution of grain structure in AA2195 Al-Li alloy plate during recrystallization." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 16, no. 2 (April 2006): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(06)60055-1.

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19

Yang, Qingbo, Xinzhu Wang, Xu Li, Zanhui Deng, Zhihong Jia, Zhiqing Zhang, Guangjie Huang, and Qing Liu. "Hot deformation behavior and microstructure of AA2195 alloy under plane strain compression." Materials Characterization 131 (September 2017): 500–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2017.06.001.

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20

Nayan, Niraj, S. V. S. Narayana Murty, S. C. Sharma, K. Sreekumar, and Parameshwar Prasad Sinha. "Processing and Characterization of AA2195 Al-Cu-Li Alloy Bars Processed through Vacuum Induction Melting and Caliber Rolling." Materials Science Forum 710 (January 2012): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.710.125.

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A novel technique of pure Lithium addition has been adopted for the processing of Al-Cu-Li alloy AA2195 cast ingots (7-8 kg each) in VIM under dynamic inert atmosphere, which gives more than 95% recovery of Lithium. The cast billets were homogenized, forged and converted into 12mm diameter rods by caliber rolling in the temperature range of 250°C, 300°C, 350°C and 400°C. The caliber rolled rods were treated to T8 (Solution Treatment+WQ+CW+Aging) condition. Mechanical properties were evaluated for T8 tempered bars at room temperature and correlated with microstructural observations. Highest mechanical properties in T87 temper have been obtained for rods caliber rolled at 350°C temperature.

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21

Maffia, Ernesto G., Nicolás Hoffmann, Lucas E. Feloy, Juan L. Lacoste, and Ana Laura Cozzarin. "Efecto de la velocidad de enfriamiento sobre la trabajabilidad de la aleación AA2195." Ingeniare. Revista chilena de ingeniería 29, no. 4 (December 2021): 683–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-33052021000400683.

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22

Anjum, Dalaver H., Muna Khushaim, and Zayd C. Leseman. "Characterization of T8 Tempered Al-Li-Cu alloy (AA2195) by Using AC- STEM." Microscopy and Microanalysis 22, S3 (July 2016): 1946–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927616010576.

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23

More, A. M., R. Kalsar, P. Shivashankar, R. Lingam, N. V. Reddy, O. Prakash, and S. Suwas. "Incremental Forming of the Al-Li Alloy AA2195: Role of Texture and Microstructure." JOM 72, no. 4 (February 10, 2020): 1647–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04041-7.

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24

Toursangsaraki, Maziar, Quan Li, Yongxiang Hu, Huamiao Wang, Duo Zhao, and Yaobang Zhao. "Crystal plasticity modeling for mechanical property prediction of AA2195-T6 friction stir welded joints." Materials Science and Engineering: A 823 (August 2021): 141677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2021.141677.

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25

Jung, Hyun Ho, Ye Rim Lee, Jong Hoon Yoon, Joon Tae Yoo, Kyung Ju Min, and Ho Sung Lee. "Solid State Welding Process for Aerospace Components." Advanced Materials Research 1119 (July 2015): 597–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1119.597.

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Since solid state welded joint is formed from an intimate contact between two metals at temperatures below the melting point of the base materials, the structural integrity of welding depends on time, temperature, and pressure. This paper provides some of examples of friction stir welding and diffusion welding process for aerospace components. Friction stir welding process of AA2195 was developed in order to study possible application for a large fuel tank. Massive diffusion welding of multiple titanium sheets was performed and successful results were obtained. Diffusion welding of dissimilar metals of copper and stainless steel was necessary to manufacture a scaled combustion chamber. Diffusion welding of copper and steel was performed and it is shown that the optimum condition of diffusion welding is 7MPa at 890°C, for one hour. It is shown that solid state welding processes can be successfully applied to fabricate lightweight aerospace parts.

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26

Kossakowski, P. G., W. Wciślik, and M. Bakalarz. "Effect of Selected Friction Stir Welding Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Joints." Archives of Civil Engineering 65, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ace-2019-0046.

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AbstractThe article discusses the basic issues related to the technology of friction stir welding (FSW). A short description of technology is provided. The following section provides the analysis of effect of technological parameters (tool rotation and welding speed) on the mechanical properties of the prepared joint (strength, ductility, microhardness). In both cases the analysis refers to aluminum alloys (6056 and AA2195-T0). The comparative analysis showed the phenomenon of the increase in weld strength along with the increase in the rotational speed of the tool during welding. Similarly, with the increase in welding speed, an increase in weld strength was observed. Some exceptions have been observed from the above relations, as described in the article. In addition, examples of material hardness distribution in the joint are presented, indicating their lack of symmetry, caused by the rotational movement of the tool. The analyses were performed basing on the literature data.

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27

Zhang, Jin, Zemeng Liu, and Dongfeng Shi. "Hot Compression Deformation Behavior and Microstructure of As-Cast and Homogenized AA2195 Al-Li Alloy." Metals 12, no. 10 (September 23, 2022): 1580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12101580.

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To understand the effect of the initial state of AA2195 Al-Li alloy on the forming process, as-cast and homogenized ingots were compressed by using a Gleeble-3150 thermo-mechanical simulator at different temperatures (360–480 °C) and strain rates (0.01–10 s−1). The hot compression deformation behaviors and microstructural characteristics of the two types of ingots were systematically investigated. The as-cast alloy possessed a better hot compressibility with higher power dissipation efficiency and lower rheological stress than the homogenized alloy under the same deformation conditions. When the temperature was increased above 450 °C, all the alloys showed similar rheological curves. Based on the rheological stress curves, processing maps for the as-cast (AC) and homogenized (HG) alloys were established, and optimal processing domains were identified. In addition, the homogenized alloys were dominated by a fibrous microstructure during deformation, whereas the as-cast alloy produced fine crystals at low temperature (360 °C) and equiaxed crystals at high temperature (480 °C). Our results show that it is possible to use the as-cast 2195 Al-Li alloy as the initial billet to get complicated components. This is attributed to the dispersed eutectic phases, which can provide more nucleation sites for Dynamic Recrystallization (DRX) and Dynamic Recovery (DRV) during hot deformation.

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28

Hekmat-Ardakan, A., E. M. Elgallad, F. Ajersch, and X. G. Chen. "Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of as-cast and T6-treated AA2195 DC cast alloy." Materials Science and Engineering: A 558 (December 2012): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2012.07.075.

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29

Seidel, T. U., and A. P. Reynolds. "Visualization of the material flow in AA2195 friction-stir welds using a marker insert technique." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 32, no. 11 (November 2001): 2879–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-001-1038-1.

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30

Ye, Fan, Ling Mao, Jian Rong, Baoshuai Zhang, Lijun Wei, Sihan Wen, Haojun Jiao, and Sujun Wu. "Influence of different rolling processes on microstructure and strength of the Al–Cu–Li alloy AA2195." Progress in Natural Science: Materials International 32, no. 1 (February 2022): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2021.10.009.

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31

Yang, Yang, Haimin Wang, Kai Zhou, and Guojie Li. "Effect of laser shock peening and annealing temperatures on stability of AA2195 alloy near-surface microstructure." Optics & Laser Technology 119 (November 2019): 105569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2019.105569.

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32

Khushaim, Muna, Torben Boll, Judith Seibert, Ferdinand Haider, and Talaat Al-Kassab. "Characterization of Precipitation in Al-Li Alloy AA2195 by means of Atom Probe Tomography and Transmission Electron Microscopy." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/647468.

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The microstructure of the commercial alloy AA2195 was investigated on the nanoscale after conducting T8 tempering. This particular thermomechanical treatment of the specimen resulted in the formation of platelet-shapedT1Al2CuLi/θ′Al2Cuprecipitates within the Al matrix. The electrochemically prepared samples were analyzed by scanning transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography for chemical mapping. Theθ′platelets, which are less than 2 nm thick, have the stoichiometric composition consistent with the expected Al2Cu equilibrium composition. Additionally, the Li distribution inside theθ′platelets was found to equal the same value as in the matrix. The equally thinT1platelet deviates from the formula (Al2CuLi) in its stoichiometry and shows Mg enrichment inside the platelet without any indication of a higher segregation level at the precipitate/matrix interface. The deviation from the (Al2CuLi) stoichiometry cannot be simply interpreted as a consequence of artifacts when measuring the Cu and Li concentrations inside theT1platelet. The results show rather a strong hint for a true lower Li and Cu contents, hence supporting reasonably the hypothesis that the real chemical composition for the thinT1platelet in the T8 tempering condition differs from the equilibrium composition of the thermodynamic stable bulk phase.

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33

Rodgers, B. I., R. J. Cinderey, and Philip B. Prangnell. "The Influence of Extended and Variable Pre-Stretching on the Strength of AA2195 Alloy Taper-Rolled Plates." Materials Science Forum 877 (November 2016): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.877.205.

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The influence of larger pre-strains, than are currently used in industry, has been investigated on the ageing behaviour of the Al-Cu-Li alloy 2195 - in the context of producing near-net-shape, taper-rolled, thickness-tailored, plates for aerospace applications. FE modelling and simulations have demonstrated it is viable to stretch plates with rolled tapers of up to 1:1.6 in thickness. Increasing the pre-strain level at the thin end of the plate, up to 15%, resulted in a continued increase in microstructure refinement and yield strength, which rose to ~ 670 MPa without an unacceptable loss of ductility. It is shown that, even with such high pre-strains, a relatively low level of recovery occurs after artificial ageing and increasing the pre-strain is predicted to result in a reduction in strengthening from the T1 phase, due to precipitate refinement, in favour of a higher contribution from strain hardening.

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34

Suresh, M., R. Kalsar, A. M. More, A. Bisht, N. Nayan, and S. Suwas. "Evolution of microstructure and texture in the third generation Al–Li alloy AA2195 during warm hybrid processing." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 855 (February 2021): 156750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.156750.

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35

Muthumanickam, Agilan, Phanikumar Gandham, and Sivakumar Dhenuvakonda. "Effect of Friction Stir Welding Parameters on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of AA2195 Al–Li Alloy Welds." Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 72, no. 6 (January 23, 2019): 1557–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12666-019-01570-x.

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36

Chen, Qingqiang, Yalei Yu, Guanjie Ma, Xingzi Sun, and Laixiao Lu. "Dry Sliding Wear Behavior and Mild–Severe Wear Transition of the AA2195-T6 Alloy under Different Loads." Crystals 13, no. 4 (April 19, 2023): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13040698.

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The mild–severe wear transition of aluminum alloys is considered evidence that the wear changes from a stable state to an unstable state, which is of great importance in engineering applications. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the mild–severe wear transition of the 2195 Al–Li alloy for different loads and to elucidate the causes behind it. To this end, dry sliding tribometric tests were carried out by varying the normal load from 2 to 40 N at room temperature. The results show that the change in wear rate can be divided into three distinct stages, including weak growth at low load (2–4 N), rapidly increased growth at medium load (8–16 N), and gradually increased growth at high load (32–40 N). The transition from mild to severe wear is observed at loads ranging from 4 to 8 N. Characterization of the worn surface of the Al–Li alloy via scanning electron microscopy shows that abrasion and oxidation are the dominant wear phenomena in the mild wear regime. On the other hand, delamination, adhesion, and severe plastic deformation become dominant in the severe wear regime. The reason for the occurrence of the transition is the tribo-induced plastic deformation of the substrate.

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37

Nayan, Niraj, Sumeet Mishra, Aditya Prakash, S. V. S. N. Murty, M. J. N. V. Prasad, and I. Samajdar. "Effect of cross-rolling on microstructure and texture evolution and tensile behavior of aluminium-copper-lithium (AA2195) alloy." Materials Science and Engineering: A 740-741 (January 2019): 252–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2018.10.089.

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38

Nayan, Niraj, S. V. S. Narayana Murty, Abhay K. Jha, Bhanu Pant, S. C. Sharma, Koshy M. George, and G. V. S. Sastry. "Processing and characterization of Al–Cu–Li alloy AA2195 undergoing scale up production through the vacuum induction melting technique." Materials Science and Engineering: A 576 (August 2013): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2013.03.054.

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39

Nayan, Niraj, Sumeet Mishra, Aditya Prakash, Rajdeep Sarkar, S. V. S. N. Murty, Manasij Yadava, M. J. N. V. Prasad, and I. Samajdar. "Origin of through-thickness serrated tensile flow behavior in Al–Cu–Li (AA2195) alloy: Effect of microstructure and texture." Materialia 5 (March 2019): 100180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2018.100180.

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40

Rodgers, B. I., and P. B. Prangnell. "Quantification of the influence of increased pre-stretching on microstructure-strength relationships in the Al–Cu–Li alloy AA2195." Acta Materialia 108 (April 2016): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.02.017.

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41

GHOSH, R., A. VENUGOPAL, P. RAMESH NARAYANAN, S. C. SHARMA, and P. V. VENKITAKRISHNAN. "Environmentally assisted cracking resistance of Al–Cu–Li alloy AA2195 using slow strain rate test in 3.5% NaCl solution." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 27, no. 2 (February 2017): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(17)60028-1.

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42

Balbo, A., A. Frignani, V. Grassi, and F. Zucchi. "Electrochemical behaviour of AA2198 and AA2139 in neutral solutions." Materials and Corrosion 66, no. 8 (January 29, 2015): 796–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.201408059.

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43

Suresh, M., A. Sharma, A. M. More, N. Nayan, and S. Suwas. "Effect of Scandium addition on evolution of microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of thermo-mechanically processed Al-Li alloy AA2195." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 740 (April 2018): 364–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.12.045.

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Zhang, J., X. S. Feng, J. S. Gao, H. Huang, Z. Q. Ma, and L. J. Guo. "Effects of welding parameters and post-heat treatment on mechanical properties of friction stir welded AA2195-T8 Al-Li alloy." Journal of Materials Science & Technology 34, no. 1 (January 2018): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2017.11.033.

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Yu, Haiping, Yanye Jin, Lan Hu, and Yu Wang. "Mechanical properties of the solution treated and quenched Al–Cu–Li alloy (AA2195) sheet during high strain rate deformation at room temperature." Materials Science and Engineering: A 793 (August 2020): 139880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2020.139880.

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N, Fazil, V. Venkataraman, and Madeva Nagaral. "Mechanical characterization and wear behavior of aerospace alloy AA2124 and micro B4C reinforced metal composites." Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals 30, no. 4 (December 22, 2020): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v30i4.641.

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In the present investigation, the mechanical and wear properties of aerospace alloy AA2124-9 wt% of B4C composites were displayed. The composites containing 9 wt% of micro boron carbide in AA2124 alloy were synthesized by liquid metallurgy method through stir casting. For the composites, reinforcement particles were preheated to a temperature of 400℃ and afterward added in ventures of two stages into the vortex of liquid AA2124 alloy compound to improve the wettability and dispersion. Microstructural examination was carried out by SEM and elemental investigation was finished by EDS. Mechanical and wear properties of as cast AA2124 alloy and AA214-9 wt% of B4C composites were evaluated as per ASTM standards. Microstructural characterization by SEM and EDS confirmed the distribution and presence of micro boron carbide particles in the AA2124 alloy matrix. The hardness, ultimate strength, yield strength and bending behaviour of AA2124 alloy enhanced with the incorporation of 9 wt% of micro B4C particles. The hardness of as-cast AA2124 alloy was 65.76 BHN; it is 96.7 BHN in 9 wt% of B4C reinforced composites. The ultimate and yield strength of AA2124 alloy was 187.08 MPa and 150.33 MPa respectively. The enhanced UTS and YS in 9 wt% of B4C reinforced composites were 254.1 MPa and 203.7 MPa, respectively. Further, ductility of AA2124 alloy decreased with the presence of B4C particles. Wear resistance of aerospace alloy increased with the addition of micro particles. Tensile fractography and worn surface morphology were studied on the tested samples to know the various fractured and wear mechanisms.

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Suresh, M., A. Sharma, A. M. More, R. Kalsar, A. Bisht, N. Nayan, and S. Suwas. "Effect of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) on the evolution of texture, microstructure and mechanical properties in the Al-Cu-Li alloy AA2195." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 785 (May 2019): 972–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.01.161.

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Cassada, William A., and Gary J. Shiflet. "The Influence of High Plastic Strain on Precipitation from Solid Solution in Third Generation Al-Li Alloys." Materials Science Forum 794-796 (June 2014): 1020–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.794-796.1020.

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Different levels of compression plane strain were applied to third generation aluminum alloys to simulate rolling-type deformation following solution heat treatment. The aluminum alloys utilized were extruded production samples provided by Alcoa in a solution heat treated condition (T4). The alloys included in this study are AA2099-T4 containing 1.78 wt% lithium, and AA2055-T4 containing 1.13 wt% lithium and an additional component of 0.45 wt% silver. Following plane strain compression, the samples were isothermally heat treated at 155 °C for times up to about 7 days. Data presented include hardening behavior values and various electron microscopy techniques using conventional TEM to document subsequent precipitate sequence distributions and general kinetics.

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Rodgers, B. I., and P. B. Prangnell. "Corrigendum to “Quantification of the influence of increased pre-stretching on microstructure-strength relationships in the Al-Cu-Li alloy AA2195” [Acta Mater. 108 (2016) 55–67]." Acta Materialia 112 (June 2016): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.04.023.

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Kashaev, Nikolai, Stefan Riekehr, Kay Erdmann, Alexandre Amorim Carvalho, Maxim Nurgaliev, Nikolaos Alexopoulos, and Alexandra Karanika. "Fracture mechanical behaviour of laser beam-welded AA2198 butt joints and integral structures." International Journal of Structural Integrity 6, no. 6 (December 7, 2015): 787–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-10-2014-0052.

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Purpose – Composite materials and metallic structures already compete for the next generation of single-aisle aircraft. Despite the good mechanical properties of composite materials metallic structures offer challenging properties and high cost effectiveness via the automation in manufacturing, especially when metallic structures will be welded. In this domain, metallic aircraft structures will require weight savings of approximately 20 per cent to increase the efficiency and reduce the CO2 emission by the same amount. Laser beam welding of high-strength Al-Li alloy AA2198 represents a promising method of providing a breakthrough response to the challenges of lightweight design in aircraft applications. The key factor for the application of laser-welded AA2198 structures is the availability of reliable data for the assessment of their damage tolerance behaviour. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – In the presented research, the mechanical properties concerning the quasi-static tensile and fracture toughness (R-curve) of laser beam-welded AA2198 butt joints are investigated. In the next step, a systematic analysis to clarify the deformation and fracture behaviour of the laser beam-welded AA2198 four-stringer panels is conducted. Findings – AA2198 offers better resistance against fracture than the well-known AA2024 alloy. It is possible to weld AA2198 with good results, and the welds also exhibit a higher fracture resistance than AA2024 base material (BM). Welded AA2198 four-stringer panels exhibit a residual strength behaviour superior to that of the flat BM panel. Originality/value – The present study is undertaken on the third-generation airframe-quality Al-Li alloy AA2198 with the main emphasis to investigate the mechanical fracture behaviour of AA2198 BMs, laser beam-welded joints and laser beam-welded integral structures. Studies investigating the damage tolerance of welded integral structures of Al-Li alloys are scarce.

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