Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'A test of preferences'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: A test of preferences.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'A test of preferences.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Salomonsson, Cecilia. "Food preferences in captive meerkats (Suricata suricatta)." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-70120.
Full textAbstract:
By using a three-choice preference test I tested food preferences in eight meerkats (Sutricata suricatta) for nine different food items. The meerkats were presented with all possible combinations of 9 food items, in total 84 combinations. The meerkats displayed the following rank order of food preference: cricket > zophoba lava > egg white > banana = tomato > orange > apple > cucumber > carrot. A correlation test between the food preference and nutritional content showed that the preference is significantly correlated with protein content. There is also a significant correlation between ash content and the food preference. There were no correlations with water, fat or vitamins and minerals. This suggests that, as in the wild, the captive meerkats at Kolmården wild life park seek food with high protein content. Ash has a high significant correlation with protein, which may explain the correlation between ash and the food preference. A comparison between the individual’s food preferences showed that the oldest individuals had the highest number of correlations with their food preferences to other individual’s food preference. This suggests an observational learning capability from older to younger individuals, which has also been reported in wild meerkat
2
Posri, Wilatsana. "Improving the predictability of consumer preferences from central location test (CLT) in tea." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365906.
Full text
3
Mayer, Mary C. "Andragogical preferences of adult basic education students a test of Knowles' model." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5322.
Full text
4
Teemant, Annela. "The role of language proficiency, test anxiety, and testing preferences in ESL students' test performance in content-area courses." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1241104829.
Full text
5
Sterling, Tania M. "The Effect of Reading Test Mode Interchangeability and Student Assessment Preferences on Achievement." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1025.
Full textAbstract:
Computer-based testing (CBT) in education is on the rise; however, researchers question the interchangeability of CBT and pencil-based testing (PBT). Educators and leaders need to consider test mode interchangeability and student assessment preference prior to adopting CBT in K-8 schools. Following the new literacies theory, this mixed methods study examined test mode preference, the effect on achievement, and factors that influenced student preferences. Research questions investigated participants' computer attitudes and use to determine test mode preference, the impact of test mode and test mode preference on achievement, and factors that influence testing preferences. This sequential explanatory within-group design included 2 online surveys and 2 reading tests in CBT and PBT formats. Paired-sample t tests were used to analyze reading test data preferred and nonpreferred test modes and across CBT and PBT test modes. Qualitative themes were generated and coded using an inductive approach, and patterns among data were analyzed. Findings revealed that all participants used technology regularly at home and at school, and most students preferred CBT over PBT. Quantitatively, there were no significant differences in reading achievement between students' preferred and nonpreferred test modes or between CBT and PBT test formats. Qualitative analysis indicated that students who chose PBT as their preferred test mode did so due to their familiarity with the format. Overall, results supported the idea that CBT and PBT were interchangeable. Implications for positive social change include increasing teachers' effective use of testing modes to improve student confidence, which may translate into improved student achievement.
6
Smith, Nichole. "Consumer Preferences for the Reporting of Genetic Variants of Uncertain Significance." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1337352216.
Full text
7
Ghanouni, A. "Preferences for colorectal cancer screening tests." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1465404/.
Full textAbstract:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an important source of disease burden in the United Kingdom and developed world. It is often preventable through certain forms of screening of asymptomatic individuals, allowing for the timely detection and removal of pre-cancerous polyps (adenomas). It can also reduce mortality (in individuals who already have CRC) by detecting it at an earlier, more treatable stage. Computed Tomographic colonography (CTC) is a comparatively new test that is capable of detecting adenomas before they transition into cancer, meaning that it can identify people for whom polypectomy is warranted. Like the “gold standard” test of colonoscopy, it can detect most adenomas. It may also be perceived more positively than colonoscopy by screening invitees because the exam is less invasive, potentially increasing uptake and improving population health outcomes. Another possible advantage of CTC over colonoscopy is that it is possible to replace the burdensome full-laxative bowel preparation with reduced- or even non-laxative alternatives. However, these are likely to be associated with a reduction in sensitivity and specificity, resulting in more false negatives and false positives, and this may detract from its overall public acceptability. The main aims of this PhD were to investigate the public’s views about the optimum method of carrying out CTC, taking into account the trade-offs involved in bowel preparation options, and test whether a particular form of CTC had the potential to increase screening uptake compared with other preventative CRC screening tests (colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy). Chapter 1 consists of the background to CRC, screening, and the relevant tests. Chapter 2 introduces the issues of screening test preferences and uptake. Chapter 3 (Study 1) reports on a qualitative discussion group study that served as an initial exploration of public perceptions, values and preferences regarding CTC and colonoscopy. Chapter 4 (Study 2) reports on a qualitative interview study that compared patients’ experiences with CTC following non- or full-laxative preparation in order to inform a further qualitative study in Chapter 5 (Study 3), which explored public perceptions and preferences for different bowel preparations for CTC, specifically taking into account the trade-offs. A more systematic assessment was planned to quantify the extent to which preparation tolerability, sensitivity and specificity were valued and Chapter 6 (Study 4) consisted of a review of previous studies that used the selected approach (conjoint analysis) with the aim of identifying strengths and weaknesses in the existing literature. These findings were drawn on when designing Study 5 in Chapter 7, which consists of a particular form of conjoint analysis (a discrete choice experiment) to quantify public values of the main attributes of interest for CTC. The final study in Chapter 8 (Study 6) randomised participants to receive a hypothetical screening invitation for one of several preventative tests in order to measure how uptake of different forms of CTC might compare with colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy. Chapter 9 refers to findings from psychology that aims to broaden the perspective of how studies assess and interpret stated preferences for and perceptions regarding screening tests. Findings are then synthesised in Chapter 10, taking into account this broader literature. Participants consistently discriminated between CTC and colonoscopy across studies and appraised the former less negatively in terms of experiential characteristics. Participants were also consistent in anticipating the experience of non- and reduced-laxative preparation less negatively than full-laxative preparation. Results were more mixed in terms of appraisals of sensitivity and specificity in the context of CTC bowel preparation. The qualified interpretation presented here is that sensitivity is an influential attribute but specificity is not, when both are defined within a range of values considered plausible. Hence, although sensitivity and the anticipated experience of preparation were both important attributes, perceived gains arising from reducing preparation burden were offset by perceived costs from the corresponding reduction in diagnostic performance of CTC, leading to no clear overall preference for a particular preparation method. Furthermore, there was no evidence that screening uptake would be higher for different forms of CTC, or other preventive screening tests. The most robust method of confirming these findings would be direct comparisons of the tests in trials assessing actual screening behaviour.
8
Rair, Randal J. "Test Environment for Optimal Performance in high school students: Measure development and the relationship with standardized test scores." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent156197137829198.
Full text
9
Lagström, Christian. "Födosammansättning hos gråsäl (Halichoerus grypus) samt test av flotte för insamling av sälfekalier." Thesis, University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-697.
Full textAbstract:
During the 1960´s and 1970´s the number of grey seals in the Baltic Sea was decreasing rapidly, mostly due to hunting and toxic substances like DDT and PCB. When hunting became less intense and toxic substances decreased in the environment the grey seal population started to increase. Today grey seals are found common in the Baltic Sea and have started to become a big treat and a problem to the fishing industry. The grey seal destroys and enters fishing traps and consumes large quantities of the fish that have been caught.
The knowledge of the grey seal, like abundance and food preferences, is today limited. It is also important to define the position of the grey seal in the ecosystem in the Baltic Sea and to be able to predict changes that could occur if the population would rapidly decrease or increase. This project was therefore started in an attempt to increase the knowledge about the grey seals food preferences. The study was made in tree separate parts. Part one contained analyses of prey remains from stomachs and digestive tract from fourteen individuals put down in two geographically separate areas. The collected material from the seal digestive tract was cleaned and otoliths (hearing stones from fish), scales and back vertebra from fish eaten by the grey seal were sorted out. With the help of hard parts collected from the intestines the food preferences of the seals could be estimated. Eight different species of prey was found. The species were herring (Clupea harengus membras), sprat (Sprattus sprattus), common whitefish (Coregonus spp), perch (Perca fluviatilis), salmon (Salmo salar), trout (Salmo trutta) and roach (Rutilus rutilus). In two of the digestive tracts several individuals of the isopod Saduria entomon were found. No earlier studies describe the isopod as a food source for the grey seals in the Baltic Sea. The findings are therefore unique information. The results showed that during summer the main part of the grey seal diet in the gulf of Sundsvall and in the surrounding coastal area of Hårte was herring and sprat. No significant difference in food preferences was shown between the investigated seals from the gulf of Sundsvall and seals from the surrounding coastal area of Hårte.
The second part was made to investigate if it was possible to build a floating platform that would work as a resting place for the grey seal. The surface of the platform was covered by a layer that keeps the seal scats on the platform so that it could be collected. Otoliths from herring and common whitefish were found on the floating platform. Because the platform could not be under surveillance during the whole study some uncertainties about whether the otoliths found came from grey seal or from resting cormorants or other fish eating birds. However, the otolit size is linearly related to the fish size and this relationship can be used to track the predator. Otoliths from herring taken by grey seals and otoliths found on the platform were significantly bigger than the otoliths originating from the prey of cormorants. The results indicated that the common whitefish size was too big for a full grown cormorant bird to consume. The common whitefish size showed that it probably not had been cormorants that had deposited the otoliths on the platform. The platform method was concluded promising but it needs to be modified in order to work more effective in the future.
In the third part scats were collected from the area of Österåsen to increase the amount of information about the grey seals food preferences.
The knowledge of the grey seals diet in the Baltic Sea is today limited and few similar study’s have earlier been made. The collected scats and otoliths in this project are therefore unique.
2008:Bi 2
10
Avenant, Carina. "Thinking style preferences in communication pathology." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2001. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03192007-100706.
Full text
11
Houben, Katrijn Marie Patricia Irma. "Decoding the alcohol-IAT the implicit association test as a measure of individual differences in implicit preferences for alcohol /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers Maastricht ; University Library, Universiteit Maastricht [host], 2007. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=8244.
Full text
12
McDonald-Russell, Deborah Elane. "Profiling music consumers for viral marketing purposes : a test of the efficacy of combining the uses and gratifications theory with the diffusion of innovation model /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3074426.
Full text
13
Metz, Rosalyn. "Conducting Online Research Undergraduate Preferences of Sources." Thesis, School of Information and Library Science, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1901/289.
Full textAbstract:
When students write research papers they use a variety of sources in their paper. These sources range from web pages to research articles. The purpose of this study was to decide whether or not undergraduate students would choose to use scholarly or non-scholarly sources when presented with both types of sources in a set of search results. Twenty Duke University students were recruited for the study. They were given a research topic and asked to perform a search. Both the search results and interface were fabricated by the researcher in order to control the experimental environment. The students were asked to rate the sources found in the results, choose four sources to use for their research scenario, and finally, were asked to explain reasoning behind their choices. The findings concluded that the students in this study were more likely to choose scholarly sources over non-scholarly sources and give these scholarly sources higher ratings.
14
Neupane, Ramesh. "A QUANTITATIVE STUDY EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEARNING PREFERENCES AND STANDADIZED MULTIPLE CHOICE ACHIEVEMENT TEST PERFORMANCE OF NURSE AIDE STUDENTS." OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1663.
Full textAbstract:
The research purpose was to investigate the differences between learning preferences (i.e., Active-Reflective, Sensing-Intuitive, Visual-Verbal, and Sequential-Global) determined by the Index of Learning Style and gender (i.e., Male and Female) in regards to standardized achievement multiple-choice test performance determined by the Illinois Nurse Aide Competency Examination (INACE), i.e., overall INACE performance and INACE performance based on six duty areas (i.e., communicating information, performing basic nursing skills, performing personal care, performing basic restorative skills, providing mental health-services, and providing for resident’s rights) of nurse aide students. The study explored the relationship between variables using a non-experimental, comparative and descriptive approach. The nurse aide students who completed the Illinois approved Basic Nurse Aide Training (BNAT) and 21-mandated skills assessment and were ready to take the Illinois Nurse Aide Competency Examination (INACE) in the month of October 2018 and December 2018 at various community colleges across the state of Illinois were the participants of the study. A sample of 800 nurse aide students were selected through stratified (north, central, and south) random sampling out of which N = 472 participated in the study representing the actual sample.
15
Penner, Johan. "Foliar nutrition: targeted fertilization to test herbivore preference." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-94349.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The aim of this study was to increase knowledge of how plants as a whole respond to targeted fertilization and to refine the method of foliar nutrition fertilization. The experiment also aimed to test how herbivores respond when presented with a choice between fertilized and unfertilized Salix leaves in a feeding trial experiment. One major problem that arises when trying to alter the nutrient levels within a specific part of a plant is that adding fertilizer directly to the soil in which the plants grow will have a systemic effect on the plant, causing the plant physiology as a whole to change instead of just changing the properties of the plant part which the study focuses on. The approach chosen for this experiment is to target the leaves directly when applying the fertilizer and therefore try to avoid altering the rest of the plant. Fertilizer in the form of NH3NO4 was added to Salix leaves using a pipette and a brush at two different concentrations. When the leaves had been fertilized they were analyzed and used in a feeding trial experiment to study herbivore response to targeted fertilization. Once all data was analyzed statistically it became clear that both concentrations of the treatment had altered the nitrogen content within the leaves, however only the lower concentration had done so without altering the characteristics of the leaf. The data collected from the feeding trial displayed no statistical evidence for preference between the treated and control leaves in regard to amount consumed by the Phratora beetles, on the other hand when testing for egg laying preference 8/8 of egg clutches were laid on treated leaves.
16
Sharpe, Tanzeah Shanae Robinson. "Shades of Knowledge: Young Children's Perceptions of Racial Attitudes and Preferences." Ashland University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ashland1427803027.
Full text
17
Farmer, Mary Ellen. "Can student test preference be predicted by need for cognition, test anxiety or personality type? /." Available to subscribers only, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1417799771&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.Ed.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2007."Department of Educational Psychology and Special Education." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-83). Also available online.
18
Kim, Hyowon. "Improving Inferences about Preferences in Choice Modeling." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587524882296023.
Full text
19
Schwartz, Amy K. "Divergent natural selection and the parallel evolution of mating preferences : a model and empirical test for the origins of reproductive isolation." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82432.
Full textAbstract:
Ecological speciation involves the evolution of reproductive isolation (RI) as a by-product of adaptation to different selective environments. Parallel patterns of non-random mating by environment type provide strong evidence that ecological speciation has occurred. The processes involved in the origins of RI are more difficult to detect however. One mechanism involves the correlated evolution of mating preferences and sexually selected traits. I developed a conceptual model for detecting RI under various scenarios of mate preference evolution. The model predicts that RI will not evolve if preferences are evolutionarily constrained relative to the preferred traits, but is detectable as long as preferences evolve in parallel. I then applied this framework to an empirical system with populations of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) adapted to low- and high-predation environments. I measured female mate preferences for male colour and size; traits which are divergent between the two environment types. Preference functions for colour also diverged in the predicted direction. The parallel pattern of preference divergence suggests that divergent natural selection from predators may be contributing to RI between guppy populations.
20
Carland, Corinne M. "Using multi-criteria decision analysis to assess private sector agents' preferences and priorities in stocking malaria rapid diagnostic test kits in Uganda." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98636.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 162-168).
Diagnosis of malaria is important in order to ensure early and effective treatment, to facilitate public health surveillance, and to prevent drug resistance. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are an important tool in resource-constrained settings, as they do not rely on costly lab equipment and specially trained personnel. In Uganda's private sector clinics and drug shops, which is where the majority of patients first seek care, diagnosis of malaria is often presumptive and patients receive neither RDT nor microscopy. Several studies have focused on the patient perspective (e.g. willingness to pay and willingness to be tested) but much less is understood about the supplier perspective (e.g. willingness to stock). This study aimed to understand the preferences and priorities of agents across the malaria RDT supply chain in Uganda on stocking the devices using multi-criteria decision analysis. This methodology was adapted to be relevant and understandable for agents in Uganda so that it was possible to analyze business decisions incorporating a multiplicity of attributes such as selling price, purchase cost, sales volume, complexity of regulations, waste management, and training available. Data surveys and semistructured interviews were collected from 28 private sector retailers (i.e., shopkeepers, pharmacists, clinic managers), two first line buyers, and three distributors. Analysis of the data resulted in the construction of value functions for all agents, the relative weights (therefore the tradeoffs) among decision criteria, and the calculation of an overall value for the decision about whether or not to stock RDTs for the different supply chain agents. Results indicate that the best option for one level of the supply chain is not necessarily the best for another. A discussion offers insights on how to align value across the supply chain, which is important for facilitating public health interventions.
by Corinne M. Carland.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
21
Liao, Jui-Teng. "Multiple-choice and short-answer questions in language assessment: the interplay between item format and second language reading." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6178.
Full textAbstract:
Multiple-choice (MCQs) and short-answer questions (SAQs) are the most common test formats for assessing English reading proficiency. While the former provides test-takers with prescribed options, the latter requires short written responses. Test developers favor MCQs over SAQs for the following reasons: less time required for rating, high rater agreement, and wide content coverage. This mixed methods dissertation investigated the impacts of test format on reading performance, metacognitive awareness, test-completion processes, and task perceptions.
Participants were eighty English as a second language (ESL) learners from a Midwestern community college. They were first divided into two groups of approximately equivalent reading proficiencies and then completed MCQ and SAQ English reading tests in different orders. After completing each format, participants filled out a survey about demographic information, strategy use, and perceptions of test formats. They also completed a 5-point Likert-scale survey to assess their degree of metacognitive awareness. At the end, sixteen participants were randomly chosen to engage in retrospective interviews focusing on their strategy use and task perceptions.
This study employed a mixed methods approach in which quantitative and qualitative strands converged to draw an overall meta-inference. For the quantitative strand, descriptive statistics, paired sample t-tests, item analyses, two-way ANOVAs, and correlation analyses were conducted to investigate 1) the differences between MCQ and SAQ test performance and 2) the relationship between test performance and metacognitive awareness. For the qualitative strand, test-takers’ MCQ and SAQ test completion processes and task perceptions were explored using coded interview and survey responses related to strategy use and perceptions of test formats.
Results showed that participants performed differently on MCQ and SAQ reading tests, even though both tests were highly correlated. The paired sample t-tests revealed that participants’ English reading and writing proficiencies might account for the MCQ and SAQ performance disparity. Moreover, there was no positive relationship between reading test performance and the degree of metacognitive awareness generated by the frequency of strategy use. Correlation analyses suggested whether a higher or lower English reading proficiency of the participants was more important than strategy use. Although the frequency of strategy use did not benefit test performance, strategies implemented for MCQ and SAQ tests were found to generate interactive processes allowing participants to gain deeper understanding of the source texts. Furthermore, participants’ perceptions toward MCQs, SAQs, and a combination of both revealed positive and negative influences among test format, reading comprehension, and language learning. Therefore, participants’ preferences of test format should be considered when measuring their English reading proficiency. This study has pedagogical implications on the use of various test formats in L2 reading classrooms.
22
Hoover, Kathy S. "TEXT PREFERENCES OF A STUDENT WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER: A CASE STUDY." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1300738195.
Full text
23
Tribucci, Adriana Moraes de Oliveira. "Palatabilidade e digestibilidade aparente de equinos submetidos a dietas com diferentes níveis de inclusão de polpa cítrica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-27032012-105408/.
Full textAbstract:
Foram realizados dois experimentos com os objetivos de testar a palatabilidade (avaliada pela aceitação ou refuta dos concentrados experimentais, a primeira ação e primeira escolha, a razão de ingestão e a aplicabilidade deste protocolo de teste em experimentos para equinos) e a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes e das frações de carboidratos das dietas, com diferentes níveis de inclusão de polpa cítrica no concentrado (0, 7, 14, 21 e 28%) para equinos. Para o experimento de palatabilidade, foram utilizados 10 equinos, em delineamento inteiramente casualisado, enquanto que para o experimento digestibilidade, foram utilizadas cinco diferentes equinos, dispostas em Quadrado Latino 5x5. Foi observado efeito (p<0,01) da primeira ação, sendo que 80% dos animais consumiram o concentrado assim que tiveram acesso. Para a variável primeira escolha, não foi observada diferença (p>0,01) no consumo dos concentrados, porém o concentrado com 7% de inclusão apresentou maior preferência numérica (36,67%), refletida também na maior razão de ingestão (0,4425), o qual apresentou diferença (p<0,01) quando comparado com os demais e evidenciado por apresentar RI >0,30. Não foi observado efeito (p>0,05) dos níveis de inclusão sobre os coeficientes de digestibilidade dos nutrientes bem como das diferentes frações dos carboidratos das dietas, a exceção do carboidrato solúvel que apresentou diferença (p<0,05). Observou-se alta correlação entre os coeficientes de digestibilidade de matéria seca (CDaMS) e fibra em detergente neutro (CDaFDN), entre fibra em detergente ácido (CDaFDA) e fibra em detergente neutro (CDaFDN), e fibra em detergente ácido (CDaFDA) e proteína bruta (CDaDPB). A polpa cítrica pode ser incluída em concentrados para equinos, em níveis de até 28% de inclusão, sem causar efeito deletério sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes da dieta, bem como da fração carboidrato da mesma. Níveis inferiores de inclusão, próximos a 7%, favorecem a palatabilidade de dietas com polpa cítrica e sem adição de palatabilizantes (melaço). São necessários maiores estudos para a padronização dos testes de palatabilidade e digestibilidade aparente das frações dos carboidratos das dietas, bem como o efeito metabólico da inclusão de polpa cítrica a dieta de equinos.Two experiments were conducted out with the objective to test the palatability (measured by the acceptance or refute of the experimental concentrates, the first action and first choice, the highest level of preference, the ratio of intake and the applicability of this protocol in experiments to test horses), apparent digestibility of nutrients and carbohydrate fractions of diets with different levels of citrus pulp inclusion in the concentrate (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28%) for horses. In the palatability experiment there were 10 mares used in a completely randomized design while for the digestibility experiments there were five different mares used arranged in 5x5 Latin Square design. The effect of inclusion on first action was observed (p<0.01) because 80% of the animals promptly were fed the concentrate. There was no difference (p>0.05) for the first choice variable. However, the concentrate with 7% was the most preferred (36.67%). The concentrate with 7% of citrus pulp inclusion presented the highest intake ratio (0.4425; p<0.01) when compared to the others evidenced by IR>0.30. No effect (p>0.05) was observed for the different levels of citrus pulp on the digestibility of nutrients as well as on the different carbohydrates fractions of the diets, except that the soluble carbohydrate presented difference (p<0.05). There was a high correlation between the digestibility of dry matter (CDDM) and neutral detergent fiber (CDNDF), between CDADF and CDNDF, and CDADF and CDDPB. The citrus pulp can be included in concentrates to horses at levels up to 28% inclusion without deleterious effect on the digestibility of nutrients and the carbohydrate fraction thereof. Lower levels of inclusion (7%) may advantage the palatability of diets with citrus pulp and no added flavors (molasses). Nonetheless, more studies are required to standardize the palatability tests and carbohydrate fractions digestibility and the metabolic effect of the citrus pulp inclusion in the horses diet.
24
Warner, Scott A. "The effects on student's personality preferences from participation in Odyssey of the Mind." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1481.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ed. D.)--West Virginia University, 2000.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 156 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-111).
25
Repaskey, Lisa. "First and Fourth Grade Boys' and Girls' Preferences for and Perceptions about Narrative and Expository Text." Scholarly Repository, 2011. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/521.
Full textAbstract:
This study focused on elementary-aged children’s preferences for and perceptions about narrative and expository text. Preference refers to the children’s choice of reading material for themselves, what they prefer to read. Perception refers to the children’s beliefs about what their same-aged peers would like to read. The current study examined these preferences and perceptions about narrative and expository text through the lens of two distinct frameworks – social constructivism and engaged reading. The current study was a systematic replication and extension of a qualitative study conducted by Chapman, Filipenko, McTavish, and Shapiro (2007). It replicated the original study by conducting it with first grade students, and extended the original study by including fourth grade students. Equal numbers of children in the study were represented at three reading achievement levels (above, on, and below grade level). Two individually administered book preference (Open and Closed) tasks and interviews were administered and analyzed to determine elementary-aged children’s genre preferences and perceptions about narrative and expository text. Qualitative research methods were used to glean an understanding of primary and intermediate students’ preferences and perceptions. The findings suggest that first and fourth grade boys preferred expository text while first and fourth grade girls demonstrated an equal preference for both narrative and expository genres for themselves. At both grade levels, both boys and girls held the perception that boys like expository text and girls like narrative text. There were no differences in terms of preferences or perceptions of both genres among children of different reading achievement levels. There were gender and grade level differences in the number of reasons provided for their book choices with girls providing more reasons than boys and fourth graders providing more reasons than first graders. However, there were not marked differences in the reasons they provided for their choices. Findings are discussed in light of implications for instruction, assessment, and future research.
26
Baker, Rebecca I. "Ideal Leadership Style Preferences by Generational Cohort Membership and Gender." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1438082120.
Full text
27
Kabe, Assuka Marina Godoy. "Palatabilidade, qualidade de fezes e digestibilidade aparente de equinos submetidos a dietas com diferentes níveis de inclusão de casca de soja." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-20032013-083421/.
Full textAbstract:
Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da inclusão de níveis crescentes de casca de soja (0, 7, 14, 21 e 28%) no concentrado para equinos, foram realizados dois experimentos, ambos conduzidos no Setor de Equideocultura da Prefeitura do Campus de Pirassununga da Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos. O primeiro experimento consistiu em ensaio de palatabilidade, composto pela análise conjuntas das variáveis: primeira ação (ação realizada pelo animal assim que entrou em contato com os concentrados, cheirou ou comeu), primeira escolha (primeiro concentrado efetivamente ingerido pelo animal), e razão de ingestão (quantidade de cada um dos concentrados ingerida em relação ao total consumido, em um período de 3 minutos). Para tanto, foram utilizados dez equinos, em delineamento inteiramente casualisado. Foi observado efeito (p<0,05) para a primeira ação, sendo que 37,19% dos animais cheiraram e 62,81% dos animais ingeriram os concentrados. Já, para as variáveis primeira escolha e razão de ingestão, não foi observada diferença (p>0,05), demonstrando-se que a preferência e consumo de cada um dos concentrados foram semelhantes. No segundo experimento realizou-se ensaio de digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes e características físico-químicas das fezes. Cinco éguas dispostas em delineamento quadrado latino 5x5, foram utilizadas. A dieta utilizada apresentou 60% de volumoso (feno de Coast-Cross) e 40% de concentrado, visando atender as exigências nutricionais da categoria animal. Realizaram-se análises para determinação dos teores de matéria seca (MS), matéria mineral (MM), matéria orgânica (MO), extrato etéreo (EE) e proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), hemicelulose (HC) e energia Bruta (EB), nutrientes para os quais foi determinada a digestibilidade aparente. As características físico químicas das fezes foram analisadas avaliando-se as concentrações de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC) o pH, a capacidade tamponante a 5 e a 6, e características de cor e consistência das fezes. Não foi observado efeito (p>0,05) dos níveis de inclusão sobre os coeficientes de digestibilidade dos nutrientes, bem como não houve efeito (p>0,05) sobre as características físico-químicas das fezes. Os Coeficientes de digestibilidade dos nutrientes encontram-se dentro dos valores preconizados pela literatura, sendo os coeficientes médios de digestibilidade aparente de MS, MO, FDN, FDA, HC, PB, EE, EB, respectivamente de: 53,67; 54,71; 47,04; 39,50;54,08; 66,74 e 83,73%. O pH médio observado foi de 6,4 e a capacidade tamponante ao pH 5 (CT5) e capacidade tamponante ao ph 6 (CT6) médias foram respectivamente de 14,09 e 4,41 (mmol/l). Para as características físicas das fezes, cor e consistência, 100% das fezes apresentaram-se esverdeadas e 90% normais, evidenciando que não houve alteração deletéria no intestino grosso dos equinos. A casca de soja pode ser incluída em dietas para equinos, em níveis de até 28% do concentrado, sem causar efeito deletério sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes da dieta e sobre a palatabilidade dos concentrados, além de não apresentam efeito deletério sobre as características físico-químicas das fezes, sugerindo manutenção da saúde do trato digestório.Aiming to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of soybean hulls (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28%) in horses concentrate, two experiments were conducted in the Equideocultura Sector of Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos City Hall. The first experiment was the palatability test, composed by the joint analysis of variables: first action (action performed by the animal as soon as it came in contacted with the concentrates: smelled or ate), first choice (first concentrate effectively ingested by the animal), and ratio intake (amount of each one concentrate ingested in the total consumed, over a period of 3 minutes). Thus, ten horses were used in a completely randomized test. Effect was observed (p<0.05) for the first action, with 37.19% of the animals sniffed and 62.81% of the animals ingested the concentrates. As for the variables: first choice and ratio of intake, there was no difference (p>0.05), demonstrating that the preference and consumption of each one of the concentrates were similar. The second experiment conducted was the nutrient digestibility test and physicochemical characteristics of the feaces. Five mares were used, arranged in 5x5 Latin Square design. The diet had 60% roughage (Coast Cross hay) and 40% concentrate, to meet the nutritional requirements of the animal category. Analysis were made to determine the dry matter (DM), mineral matter (MM), organic matter ( OM), ether extract (EE) and crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) detergent fiber acid (ADF), hemicellulose (HC) and gross energy (GE), and the apparent digestibility was determined for each nutrient. The physicochemical characteristics of feces were analyzed by evaluating the short chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentrations, pH, buffering capacity (BC) at 5 and 6, and color and faeces consistency. There was no effect (p>0.05) for the inclusion level on the nutrients digestibility, and there was no effect (p>0.05) on the feaces physicochemical characteristics. The digestibility coefficients of nutrients are within the levels recommended by the literature, and the apparent digestibility of DM, OM, NDF, ADF, HC, CP, EE, EB, were: 53.67; 54.71; 47.04, 39.50, 54.08, 66.74 and 83.73%, respectively. The average pH observed was 6.4 and the BC5 and BC6 medium were 14.09 and 4.41 (mmol/l) respectively. For the feaces physical characteristics, color and consistency of the feaces, 100% showed green color and 90% was normal, indicating no deleterious changes in the equine large intestine. Soybean hulls can be included in the horses diet at levels up to 28% of the concentrate, without causing deleterious effect on the nutrients digestibility and the concentrates palatability, and there wasn\'t deleterious effect on the feaces physicochemical characteristics, suggesting maintenance of the digestive tract healthy.
28
Kongnakorn, Thitima. "Development and Test of a New Method for Preference Measurement for Multistate Health Profiles." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4946.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation aims at developing and testing a new method that can better capture preferences for multistate health profiles. The motivation arose from the failure of the QALY (Quality-Adjusted Life Year) model in adequately capturing preferences in multistate health profiles. The current QALY-based technique captures preferences for multistate health profiles by evaluating each health state in the profile independently of other states. As the past literature showed, this additive independence condition does not hold in practice and hence such approach is inadequate. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel approach to measure preferences for multistate health profiles by looking at two consecutive health states at a time. It hypothesizes that an evaluation of the future health state is dependent or "conditioned" on the level of the preceding, or current, health state. Characteristics of the current health state that are suspected to impact the resulting conditional preference scores for future health state are systematically explored in a carefully designed empirical study. The interested factors include duration of the current health state, direction of change and amplitude of change between the current and future health states. A 2
29
Tschapka, Michael Karl, and n/a. "Involvement, motivation and setting preferences of participants in the adventure tourism activity of SCUBA diving." University of Canberra. Languages, International Studies & Tourism, 2006. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061128.125036.
Full textAbstract:
Adventure tourism is a growing market sector worldwide including Australia. A range of
research exists that examined participation in adventure tourism activities by consideration
of various aspects such as socio-demographics, motivations, activity/setting preferences
and involvement in the activity to understand the adventure tourist. While studies have
been conducted that included several of these aspects, a holistic investigation of
involvement, motivations and setting preferences together has not been conducted
previously regarding adventure tourism in Australia in general and SCUBA diving in
particular. Furthermore, in Australia, only limited information is available about those who
participate in the adventure activity of SCUBA diving. The aim of this research is to
investigate differences and similarities of involvement, motivations and setting preferences
of SCUBA diving club members in Eastern Australia.
In this study 294 SCUBA diving club members in New South Wales and Queensland were
surveyed by utilisation of a web-based questionnaire in order to identify their involvement
in SCUBA diving, socio-demographic characteristics, participation motives and setting
preferences.
Descriptive analysis was used to investigate the socio-demographic characteristics of
divers, their motivations and setting preferences. Principal component analysis was applied
on involvement variables as well as motivations to investigate the underlying constructs.
Agglomerative and hierarchical cluster analyses were used to derive clusters of divers that
differed in their involvement in SCUBA diving. Exact Pearson chi-square tests were
conducted to test whether there were significant differences concerning sociodemographics
between clusters. In addition, analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were
conducted to determine differences and similarities of motivational components and setting
preferences between clusters.
This study found that SCUBA diving club members are a heterogeneous group regarding
their involvement in SCUBA diving. Five clusters of divers emerged that differed in their
involvement in SCUBA diving. While differences in socio-demographics across the
different involvement clusters were revealed, they proved to be less valuable for
interpretation purposes. Regarding divers� setting preferences, similar structures were
observed across all clusters regardless of differences in involvement. Motivations showed a
complex structure across the clusters in regard to divers� involvement in SCUBA diving.
Based on the studies findings, recommendations for future research were suggested. These
emphasised the need for a holistic examination of motivations and setting preferences of
adventure tourists based on the concept of involvement, which would be important for
theory development and segmentation of tourists. The same holistic approach would also
be valuable for examining other types of tourists such as events tourists and heritage
tourists to better understand tourist behaviour.
30
Bonneville, Marika. "Endocannabinoid Modulation of Post-Ischemia Depression." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35056.
Full textAbstract:
Post-ischemia depression (PID) is a condition that affects approximately 30% of survivors from stroke or cardiac arrest and has an important impact on patients’ quality of life. Previous studies support important roles of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in depression and brain ischemia. This study attempts to link all three variables together by investigating the role and mechanism of eCB signaling in the development of PID. A global ischemia + hypotension model was used to induce a PID phenotype in CD1 mice. Three ischemic time frames were tested, and even though all three could induce significant cell death in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, only the 15-minute time point led to an increased immobility time on the forced swimming test (FST). The main goal of this study was to investigate the effect of a cannabinoid type-I receptor (CB1R) antagonist/inverse agonist, AM281, on the development of two depressive symptoms: anhedonia, measured with the sucrose preference test (SPT), and behavioral despair, measured with the FST. AM281 administration was able to significantly reduce the symptoms of anhedonia and behavioural despair. Subsequently, the mechanism behind this antidepressant-like effect was investigated. Administration of bicuculine with AM281 did not significantly affect the antidepressant effect on the FST, therefore suggesting that AM281 does not act on GABAergic synapses. A similar protocol was adopted with NVP-AM077, where its administration combined with AM281 was able to block the effect of AM281, thus confirming the importance of glutamatergic synapses for the antidepressant effect of AM281. Furthermore, the administration of a TAT-GLUR2 peptide did not significantly affect the effect of AM281, implying that the astroglial cell-mediated LTD (long-term depression) at glutamatergic synapses is not involved in the antidepressant effects of AM281. Finally, a bilateral intra-BLA (basolateral nucleus of the amygdala) administration of AM281 was able to reduce the immobility time on the FST. In conclusion, these results highlight the important contribution of BLA glutamatergic synapses to the antidepressant-like effect conferred by AM281.
31
Kopsovich, Rosalind D. "A Study Of Correlations Between Learning Styles Of Students And Their Mathematics Scores On The Texas Assessment of Academic Skills Test." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2889/.
Full textAbstract:
The problem of this study was to determine whether learning styles of students affect their math achievement scores on the Texas Assessment of Academic Skills Test. The research questions addressed relevant to this study were:
1. Is there a positive correlation between students' learning styles and their achievement test scores in mathematics?
2. Is there a positive correlation between specific sub group's (as deemed by the state of Texas) and gender's learning styles and their achievement test scores in mathematics?
The Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient and the Point-biserial correlation analysis was applied to the data collected from 500 fifth grade students attending a North Texas Intermediate school. The significance level was established at the .05 level. Part of the data was the student's responses to the Learning Style Inventory by Dunn, Dunn and Price. The findings established that the learning style preferences of all students in the area of persistence significantly impacted their math achievement scores. Gender and ethnicity were mitigating factors in the findings. These learning style preferences significantly impacted achievement in the following ways:
* Caucasian students' preference of a high level of persistence in completing a difficult task.
* Hispanic students' preference for a warm learning environment and motivational factor of pleasing the teacher.
* Afro-American students' preference for kinesthetic learning.
* Female students' learning style preferences appear in: - the design of the learning environment
- the need for intake of food and/or drink
- a high level of responsibility
- a high sense of self-motivation , of teacher and of parent motivation.
* Male students' learning style preferences appear in: - a warm learning environment
- a high level of responsibility
- the need for intake of food and/or drink
- a high sense of teacher and of parent motivation
- a late morning learning In summary, the author suggests that supplying the teachers with information concerning students' learning style preferences will benefit student achievement.
32
Brown, Sacha Devine. "Creative Performance, Creative Partner Preference, and Creative Perception: A Test of Fisher's Runaway Sexual Selection Theory." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146888.
Full textAbstract:
Prior research suggests that creativity is a trait women find attractive in potential male romantic partners. This study applied Fisher's theory of runaway sexual selection to creativity. Fisher's theory predicts that when a trait with no apparent adaptive advantage is found sexually attractive, both prevalence of and preference for the trait should increase over evolutionary time. This study hypothesized that creative performance and creative partner preference would be correlated, as predicted by this theory. It was believed that perception of creativity would be necessary if individuals are to successfully identify it in partners, which would then allow for the runaway chain of events identified by Fisher to occur. Creative self-perception was hypothesized to correlate with the creative performance and creative partner preference as well. Study participants (198 heterosexual undergraduate females) were given measures of the three constructs of interest and general intelligence was also assessed. Results supported Fisher's runaway sexual selection theory and the hypothesized relationship between creative performance, creative partner preference, and creative self-perception. This study found that women high in creativity were also more likely to prefer that potential partners be higher in creativity and were also more likely to perceive themselves as creative. Previous findings that creative performance and intelligence are related were also supported. Implications of these findings and future research directions are discussed.
33
Кущ, Віталій Сергійович. "Метод підбору та виявлення впливів релаксуючих картин для коригування психофізіологічного стану людини." Master's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2020. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/39383.
Full textAbstract:
Робота містить 70 сторінок, 25 рисунківта 19 таблиць. Було використано 12 джерел.
Мета роботи: підвищити швидкість та ефективність дослідження та коригування психофізіологічного стану людини за рахунок розробки методу підбору та виявлення впливів релаксуючих картин для коригування психофізіологічного стану людини.
Проведено огляд основних положень проведення досліджень, збору даних та коригування психофізіологічного стану людини. Описано основні проблеми обробки зібраних даних для аналізу, підбору релаксуючих картин та визначено необхідність у розробці методів для підбору та визначення впливів на психофізіологічний стан релаксуючих картин. Запропоновано метод підбору релаксуючих картин для коригування психофізіологічного стану людини на основі нейронних мереж. Застосування запропонованого методу дозволяє подати на вхід набір параметрів: кольорову преференцію, день народжень, суб’єктивні відчуття та отримати на виході релаксуючу картину для проведення сеансів коригування психофізіологічного стану. Запропоновано метод виявлення впливів на психофізіологічний стан людини, який дозволяє, за рахунок гнучкого механізму конфігурації побудови графіків, будувати різноманітні параметри дослідження психофізіологічного стану людини та виявляти їх залежності та впливи на людину. Розроблено програмне забезпечення запропонованих методів підбору та виявлення впливів релаксуючих картин на стан людини, яке збільшує ефективність роботи психологів з дослідження психофізіологічного стану людини, за рахунок швидких та точних обчислень. Розроблено стартап-проект програмного забезпечення та проведено аналіз ринку, потенційних клієнтів, з якого видно, що ринок поки вільний від аналогів такого продукту, але має у ньому потребу.The work contains 70 pages, 25 figures, and 19 tables. 12 sources have been used. Goal: to increase the speed and efficiency of research and adjustment of the psychophysiological state of a person by developing a method of matching and detecting influences of relaxing pictures for human psychophysiological state adjustment. A review of the main provisions of research, data collection, and adjustment of the psychophysiological state of humans. The main problems of processing the collected data for the analysis, matching of relaxing pictures are described and the necessity in the development of methods for matching and detecting influences on a psychophysiological condition of relaxing pictures is defined. A method of matching relaxing pictures for correction of the psychophysiological state of a human on the basis of neural networks is offered. The application of the proposed method allows you to submit a set of parameters: color preference, birthday, favorite color, subjective feelings and get a relaxing picture for sessions to correct the psychophysiological state. A method for detecting influences on the psychophysiological state of a person is proposed, which allows, due to a flexible configuration mechanism for plotting, to build various parameters of research of the psychophysiological state of a person and identify their dependencies and influences on a person. The software of the offered methods of matching and detecting influences of relaxing pictures on a condition of the human which increases the efficiency of work of psychologists on the research of a psychophysiological condition of the person is developed. A software startup project has been developed and an analysis of potential customers and the market has been conducted, which shows that the market is still free from analogs of such a product, but needs it.
34
Larsson, Klara, and Jenny Nielsen. "Evenemang och rangordning : Hur rangordnar olika grupper olika evenemang?" Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-29871.
Full textAbstract:
Studien beskriver rangordningar utefter individers personliga preferenser. Syftet är att jämföra kommunens fördelning av bidrag till de utvalda evenemangen Örebro kommun erbjuder. Denna fördelning ska jämföras mot den rangordning gjorda av de utvalda intressegrupperna gällande evenemangen. En inbördes jämförelse mellan intressegrupperna angående individernas personliga preferenser och rangordning samt en inbördes jämförelse mellan könen kommer även att göras. Dessa jämförelser sker med hjälp av χ2-test. Syftet till dessa jämförelser är att se om det råder skillnader mellan intressegruppernas preferenser i dess rangordning för evenemangen och kommunens faktiska fördelning av bidrag. Resultatet visar på skillnader mellan kommunens fördelning av bidrag och intressegruppernas rangordning. Det går även att urskilja skillnader inbördes mellan intressegrupperna och könen gällande rangordningen av evenemangen.
35
Chaguri, Luziane do Carmo Andrade Guinski. "Estudo de um sistema de análise de preferências climáticas para animais convencionais de laboratório por tecnologia de ventilação microambiental e avaliações biológicas. I. Avaliação da eficiência de um protótipo, para o estudo de parâmetros ambientais, resultados parciais verificados em ratos (Rattus norvegicus)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10133/tde-07122009-113246/.
Full textAbstract:
Projetos desenvolvidos para instalações de animais de laboratório adotam limites estreitos de ventilação e de climatização de ambientes a fim de assegurar um ambiente definido na sala de animais, denominada de macroambiente. Entretanto o tratamento do ar de uma sala não atinge, de forma eficiente, a gaiola em que o animal se encontra alojado (microambiente). O desenvolvimento de sistemas de ventilação microambiental (VMA), que possibilita um fluxo unidirecional de ar forçado para o interior das gaiolas dos animais; associado à modernas tecnologias de termoeletricidade, termosensores e termocontroladores permitem um acurado controle de variáveis climáticas em sistemas microambientais para roedores. No entanto, nota-se carência de dados no que se refere ao binômio temperatura e velocidade do ar para estes sistemas. O objetivo deste estudo foi o desenvolvimento de uma Câmera de Preferencia Climática (CPC) do tipo labiritno que permitisse analise da escolha de ambientes (binômio temperatura e velocidade do ar) para roedores de laboratório. O sistema de Ventilação Microambiental (VMA), possibilitou a climatização da CPC, que foi dividida em quatro sub-camaras, em temperaturas pré-determinadas de 22, 26, 30 e 34oC, todas à uma velocidade de ar de 0,3m/s. A CPC foi mantida numa sala climatizada a 18 ± 2 Co, por um sistema convencional de compressão do freon® para conforto humano. A massa de ar destinada a cada uma das sub-camaras era aquecida via resistência elétrica, controlada eletronicamente, para cada uma das temperaturas pré-determinadas. O comportamento exploratório dos ratos na CPC foi registrado pelo sistema de analise comportamental Ethovision Color-Pro 2.3® e analisado pelos parâmetros de tempo de permanência (Tp) (min.), freqüência de entrada (N) dos animais em cada sub-câmara climatizada e distancia percorrida (cm) dentro da CPC, em um período de 48 horas. Os testes físicos realizados com o equipamento mostraram que este foi capaz de manter as temperaturas pré-determinadas na faixa de &pludmn; 0,1 oC e velocidade de ar constante. Os resultados parciais da analise estatística do comportamento exploratório de ratos demonstraram que, no grupo controle, ou seja, onde as quatro sub-camaras estavam climatizadas em 22 Co, o Tp dos animais em cada uma das sub-camaras foi igual, evidenciando que as condições climáticas eram idênticas e portanto não houve preferência. No grupo experimental, ou seja, com as quatro camaras climatizadas em 22, 26, 30 e 34oC, aleatoriamente, o ratos demonstraram o maior Tp, ou seja, sua preferencia pelas menores temperaturas, 22 e 26oC; à despeito da velocidade de ar de 0,3 m/s, no interior das camaras.A CPC mostrou-se eficiente para estabelecer simulações do microambiente, em termos de preferência climática de roedores mantidos em laboratório. A CPC se mostra como um sistema eficiente também para estudos sobre a termoregulação em ensaios biológicos com animais, como os estudos de neurotoxinas do veneno de aranha Phoneutria nigriventerProjects concerned with laboratory animals facilities usually adopt narrow range of ventilation and climatization variables to assure the define ambient. Such projects are concerned to the animal room (macro-environmental ambient) and this technology have a limitated operation to reach the micro-environmental (animal cages) ambients. The development of the intracage ventilation systems (ICV), which operating by an air influx inside the cages, beside the new technology on thermoelectric modules, thermosensitive and thermocontrolers materials, allows an accurate control of the microclimatic variables for animal enclosure. For this purpose we developed an experimental prototype, a climatic preference chamber (CPC) that allows to laboratory animal (e.g. rats) choose their preferred ambient under a different temperature conditionated chambers by the ICV thecnology, simulating the animal cage enclosure condition. That technology is characterized by delivery of air insufflation of 0.3 m/s, and regulated with differents temperatures in each chamber (22, 26, 30 and 34oC). The exploratory behavior of the rat at multiplechoise preference test was registered by Ethovision Color-Pro 2.3® system. This system allowed to the analysis of the climatic preference defined by the parameter time spent in different microclimates conditions. The analyses of the exploratory behavior demonstrated that rats spent much time in smaller temperature microclimates, as a 22 and 26 oC, indicating a preference for cooler ambients, in spite of the ICV air speed of 0,3m/s. The aim of this work is simulate laboratory animal housing condition to study the microclimate preference and also in termoregulation studies with laboratory rodents assays, like neurotoxins of the the spider Phoneutria nigriventer venom, that is an important tool to biochemical studies
36
Olmstead, Mary C. "Effects of pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus lesions on morphine-induced conditioned place preference and analgesia in the formalin test." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61087.
Full textAbstract:
It has been proposed that analgesia in the formalin test is mediated through forebrain systems associated with reinforcement, whereas motor responses necessary for the expression of pain are organized at the level of the brainstem. Because it is located in the brainstem and connected with both limbic reward systems and motor structures, the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) is a site where reward signals might influence the expression of pain. Experiment 1 confirmed that NMDA-induced lesions of the PPTg block the development of a conditioned place preference to morphine. Subsequently, morphine-induced analgesia was found to be reduced, but not eliminated. The reduction of reward was not significantly correlated with loss of choline acetyltransferase containing neurons in the PPTg. In Experiment 2, PPTg lesions did not affect morphine analgesia in drug naive animals, but produced motor abnormalities and blocked the morphine-induced depression of spontaneous motor activity and catalepsy.
37
Ryan, Thomas Kennedy. "Grouping strategy in rhythmic perception: A test of the perceptual salience of Lerdahl and Jackendoff's grouping preference rules /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487942476406182.
Full text
38
Galaniha, Lakmani Tharaka. "TOWARDS A HEALTHIER CHOCOLATE FORMULA WHICH IS RICH IN POLYPHENOLS AND LOW IN FAT." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/foodsci_etds/62.
Full textAbstract:
Chocolate is a food that is craved by many in the world and healthy chocolates have become a current topic in the healthy eating trend. The healthiness of a chocolate depends mainly on the polyphenol, fat and sugar contents. Although the literature serves several interventions to reduce the fat content and total calorie content of chocolates, it does not provide many interventions that consider both improving the polyphenol and reducing the fat content simultaneously. Considering this gap in the literature, this research project sought to develop a chocolate that is both low in fat and high in polyphenol content, without sacrificing the taste that consumers would expect in a good dark chocolate. The research resulted in three chocolate formulas that consists of 60% cocoa and 30% fat (formula A, formula B and formula C). They differed from each other in the polyphenol content due to the changes in the cocoa powder type and the presence or absence of freeze-dried blueberry powder. Formula A and formula B mainly differed in the percentage of each type of cocoa powder, both alkalized and non- alkalized. Formula C differed from the other two formulas because there was no freeze-dried blueberry powder. The resulted chocolates were evaluated for the sensory characteristics using paired preference tests and consumer-oriented attribute diagnostic tests (color, flavor, melting properties, overall preference, likelihood to buy). They were analyzed for polyphenol content using Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The chocolates were compared with a well-established commercial chocolate (formula D) of a 60% cocoa. Sensory evaluation tests revealed that formula C was superior and comparable to the commercial chocolate D in all the tested attributes except for color. Polyphenol analysis confirmed that all three developed formulas had a higher polyphenol estimate than formula D. Consumers preferred to buy each chocolate type regardless of the differences in their preference for the other attributes, if the chocolates were known to be healthier. Formula C was found to be the best prototype formula among the developed formulas and it can further be developed to enhance the color and other attributes in future work.
39
Crittenden, Allison Marie. "Effects of patient preference selections of text-to-speech technology features on reading comprehension and review time for people with aphasia." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1619017031279478.
Full text
40
Swens, Arvidsson Marith. "British English versus American English in a Swedish School : -an investigation about attitude, preferences and reality among students, teachers and National Tests." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Engelska, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-25521.
Full textAbstract:
This essay is an investigation of varieties of English used, learned, and taught, in a Swedish school. The age of the students is 15-16 and they attend grade 9. The hypothesis of this essay is that American English is the variety most students prefer and use, and that British English is the variety mainly preferred by teachers and the school system. This do not collaborate with the ‘learner-centered learning’ pedagogical view (Modiano 2009:172). The data is mainly collected in three areas. 1: a teacher survey, to determine the teachers ́ views and opinions of the varieties of English. 2: a student survey, to examine whether the students prefer one variety to the other, and if they are even aware of what variety they are speaking, and 3: the data gathered from transcribing this year’s English National Test to determine what types of English that are represented in the test. The result of this essay confirms the hypothesis that AmE is the variety both preferred and used by younger students in Sweden today, and that these students do find that they are allowed to use any variety they wish while learning in school. BrE is still the variety preferred by teachers and the school system, however AmE is catching up. Furthermore, the students do have a high level of participation in their own acquisition of English.
41
Hoagland, Brielle Lauren. "Effects of Written Only, Auditory Only, and Combined Written and Auditory Modalities on Comprehension for People with Aphasia." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1554758845197852.
Full text
42
Oliveira, Débora Caroline Gonçalves de. "Percepção de suínos em relação ao ambiente térmico promovido por diferentes sistemas de resfriamento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74132/tde-13102015-104350/.
Full textAbstract:
O controle ambiental nas instalações pecuárias é um fator importante a ser levado em consideração para promover o bem-estar e otimizar a produção animal. Como o clima brasileiro é predominantemente tropical, sistemas de resfriamento são essenciais em instalações pecuárias em todo o país. Diferentes sistemas de resfriamento estão disponíveis no mercado brasileiro e, apesar de possuírem o mesmo objetivo, de atenuar a temperatura dentro do galpão, podem ser percebidos pelos animais de modos diferentes. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar a percepção de suínos através de sua preferência em relação a diferentes sistemas de resfriamento do ambiente em uma câmara de preferência ambiental. Esta avaliação foi feita por meio do teste de preferência, que consiste em fornecer alternativas entre diferentes situações ou recursos, para que os animais transmitam suas respostas. Para tanto, foi utilizada uma câmara de preferência ambiental composta por quatro compartimentos interligados entre si por uma área neutra. Cada compartimento teve seu ambiente controlado independentemente, podendo assim fornecer, quatro diferentes tipos de sistemas de resfriamento: nebulização associada à ventilação forçada, ventilação forçada, aspersão e aspersão associada a ventilação forçada. Nesse estudo de preferência, dois grupos principais de suínos foram utilizados: os suínos-teste e os suínos-companhia. Os suínos-teste foram os animais com livre acesso aos distintos compartimentos da câmara e os suínos-companhia, por sua vez, ficaram confinados em seus respectivos sistemas. Para caracterização do ambiente no interior e no exterior da câmara, foram utilizados data-loggers para coleta das variáveis: temperatura ambiental, umidade relativa, temperatura de globo negro e ponto de orvalho; para determinação dos índices de conforto térmico: índice de temperatura de globo e umidade e entalpia. Também foi coletada a velocidade do ar com anemômetro digital. Foram verificadas medidas fisiológicas: frequência respiratória e temperatura de superfície corporal na região da nuca no horário das 14 horas. Para analisar o desempenho dos animais foi avaliado ganho de peso diário e conversão alimentar, além das medidas in vivo de espessura de toucinho, rendimento de carne magra e profundidade da área do lombo. Para avaliação do teste de preferência foram considerados dias que caracterizassem condições climáticas em que os sistemas de resfriamento estivessem em operação. Para isto vídeos coletaram e registraram as imagens e estas foram analisadas automaticamente e interpretadas como preferência por (ou rejeição de) certos ambientes através de frequência e tempo do suíno-teste em cada um dos ambientes. A câmara conseguiu atender os valores recomendados para o índice de temperatura de globo e umidade, temperatura ambiental e umidade relativa ao longo dos períodos do dia, os valores obtidos para entalpia estiveram acima do recomendado na literatura. Porém o desempenho da câmara foi satisfatório, uma vez que as medidas fisiológicas de frequência respiratória e temperatura superficial, e as variáveis de desempenho indicaram que os animais estavam em conforto térmico e obtiveram medidas de espessura de toucinho, rendimento de carne magra e profundidade da área do lombo característicos para a categoria. Em relação à preferência dos suínos-teste, observou-se a maior frequência de permanência nos sistemas de aspersão (40%) e aspersão associada à ventilação forçada (34,7%). Assim os resultados obtidos validaram o uso da câmara de preferência ambiental para experimentação com suínos a fim de verificar sua preferência em relação a diferentes ambientes térmicos com diferentes sistemas de resfriamento.Environmental control in livestock buildings is an important factor to be taken into account to promote the welfare and optimize the animal production. As the Brazilian climate is predominantly tropical, cooling systems are essential in animal facilities across the country. Different cooling systems are available in the Brazilian market and, despite having the same goal, to mitigate the temperature inside the shed, they can be perceived by the animals in different ways. The aim of this study was to evaluate the perception of pigs through their preference in relation to the different environment of the cooling systems in an environmental preference chamber. This assessment was made by the preference test, which is to provide alternatives between different situations or resources, so that the animals transmit their responses. An environmental preference chamber was used, and consisted of four compartments connected to each other by a neutral area. Each compartment has its environmental conditions controlled independently, and may thus provide four different types of cooling system: nebulizer associated to forced ventilation, forced ventilation, sprinkler and sprinkler associated to forced ventilation. In this preference study, two main groups of pigs were used: the test-pigs and companion-pigs. The test-pigs were the animals with free access to the chamber and companion-pigs, in turn, were confined in their respective systems. To characterize the environment inside and outside the chamber, data-loggers were used to collect the variables: ambient temperature, relative humidity, black globe temperature and dew point; to determine the levels of index thermal comfort: globe temperature and humidity index and enthalpy. The air speed with digital anemometer also was collected. Physiological measures were also registered: respiratory rate and body surface temperature in the neck region in the schedule at 2pm. Daily gain and feed conversion were evaluated to analyze the performance of the animals in addition to the measures in vivo backfat thickness, lean yield and depth of loin area. The preference test considered days that characterize climatic conditions in which the cooling systems were in operation. The video images were collected and recorded and they were automatically analyzed and interpreted as a preference (or rejection) of certain environments through the frequency and time that test-pig in each environment. The environmental preference chamber conditions attended the recommended values for globe temperature and humidity index, ambient temperature and relative humidity over the periods of the day, and the values obtained for enthalpy were slightly above the recommended literature. The chamber performance was satisfactory since the physiological measures respiratory rate and body surface temperature and the performance variables indicated that the animals were in thermal comfort and obtained backfat thickness, lean yield and depth of loin area measures, characteristic for the category. Regarding the preference of the test-pigs, the highest frequency was observed in sprinkler (40%) and sprinkler associated to forced ventilation (34,7%) systems. Thus the results validated the use of the environmental preference chamber for experimentation with pigs in order to verify their perception to different thermal environments with different cooling systems.
43
Brown, Alec J. "Ipsative Score Distortion on Affinity 2.0." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1119.pdf.
Full text
44
Newton, Melanie. "Disentangling the relative influence of competing motivational response inclinations toward high-fat foods at implicit and explicit processing levels." University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0154.
Full textAbstract:
[Truncated abstract] One aim of the present research program was to investigate motivational response inclinations toward high-caloric food at implicit and explicit processing levels with unipolar measures to account for ambivalence. A second aim was to examine the extent of the influence of these implicit and explicit processes on unhealthy eating behaviors, and specifically investigate why people reporting avoid motivational inclinations continue to indulge in high-fat foods. The aim of Study 1 was to examine discordance between implicit and explicit attitudes toward high-fat food in groups that differed in preference for high-fat food. Using a bipolar version of the Implicit Association Test (IAT), a group difference was found in implicit attitudes toward high-fat food with a trend toward concordance. The aims of Study 2 were to examine if concordance between implicit and explicit processes would be greater if one accounted for motivational ambivalence within and between implicit and explicit processing levels, and to test the influence of these processes on food choice behavior. Using a unipolar version of the IAT, a pattern of concordance was found between implicit and explicit inclinations in most participants, except for those reporting weak avoid and strong approach inclinations. Further, implicit avoid and explicit avoid inclinations were found to predict food choice behavior in a context that made body and weight concerns salient. A parallel study (Study 3) was conducted with a high-caloric food that is viewed very ambivalently by society (i.e., chocolate) to determine if societal ambivalence is reflected in implicit associations, and to test the influence of implicit and explicit processes on food choice behavior. In contrast to Study 2, results indicated that all groups were implicitly ambivalent toward chocolate. Further, implicit approach and explicit avoid inclinations were found to antagonistically predict behavior suggesting that the proximal benefits of chocolate indulgence tend to outweigh the distal consequences. ... Results showed that when the unhealthy consequences of high-fat food consumption were primed, implicit avoid motivational inclinations toward high-fat food could be differentially activated and influence choice of certain high-fat foods. In conclusion, this research program found evidence for eating-related ambivalence within and between implicit and explicit processing levels which underscores the importance of utilizing unipolar measures in research investigating motivational response inclinations toward food and other substances. Further, implicit and explicit processes were found to influence high-fat food choice behavior in an antagonistic pattern with implicit approach inclinations conflicting with explicit avoid inclinations when health and weight concerns were not salient, providing support for the additive predictive pattern of food choice. A key theoretical implication of this research program is that the integration of the dual process models (e.g., Strack & Deutsch, 2004) with the ambivalence model of substance craving (e.g., Breiner, Stritzke, & Lang, 1999) can advance the understanding of competing motivational response inclinations toward high-fat foods at the implicit and explicit levels.
45
Nalbantis, Georgios [Verfasser], and Tim [Akademischer Betreuer] Pawlowski. "Perceived game uncertainty and suspense : A test of the uncertainty of outcome hypothesis using a stated preference approach / Georgios Nalbantis ; Betreuer: Tim Pawlowski." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1167247884/34.
Full text
46
Brito, Thiago Marques de. "Validação da preferência claro/escuro como modelo comportamental de ansiedade no Carassius auratus (peixe dourado)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59134/tde-29022012-092339/.
Full textAbstract:
A validação de um modelo experimental para se investigar a ansiedade deve estar baseada inicialmente em uma validação comportamental paramétrica, que pressupõe a investigação de respostas relacionadas ao comportamento de defesa da espécie frente às situações aversivas presentes no ambiente de exposição. Assim, o presente trabalho validou a preferência claro/escuro como um modelo comportamental para o estudo da ansiedade no peixe Carassius auratus (peixe dourado). Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: repetição das exposições ao aparato de teste em 5 sessões diárias, privação de comida, aquário enriquecido, troca de água do aquário antes dos testes, proporções diferentes do compartimento claro e escuro, e aquário com a metade do comprimento. Os dados indicaram que as reexposições aumentaram o número de cruzamentos, indicando que a mesma aumenta a exploração do aparato, atenuando os componentes aversivos do ambiente. Os peixes alojados no aquário enriquecido se locomoveram mais no aparato, e não apresentam preferência significativa por nenhum dos compartimentos (claro/escuro), evidenciando que a aversividade do ambiente claro foi atenuada pelo alojamento em um aquário enriquecido. Os animais privados de comida por 48 h não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os tempos gastos nos compartimentos claro e escuro do aquário, indicando uma maior exploração do aparato em busca de alimento. Os animais que passaram pelo procedimento de troca de água do aquário de testes não apresentaram preferência por nenhum dos compartimentos, indicando que os peixes, provavelmente, liberam sinalizadores químicos na água que informam seus co-específicos sobre o potencial aversivo do ambiente. Quanto à proporção do aquário, os animais expostos ao aquário teste 75% claro e 25% escuro se locomoveram menos que os do aquário controle, indicando que uma maior área clara, pode levar a uma ampliação da aversividade nesse aquário. Quando os sujeitos foram submetidos ao aquário 75% escuro e 25% claro, a frequência de cruzamentos foi maior no grupo controle e, nesse caso, a maior locomoção pode estar associada a uma atenuação da aversividade do ambiente relacionada a presença de uma maior área escura. No aquário 87,5% claro e 12,5% escuro, os animais do grupo experimental não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os tempos gastos em nenhum dos compartimentos do aquário, indicando que uma maior área clara (aversiva) altera a preferência por ambientes escuros. Os peixes expostos ao aquário com a metade do comprimento aumentaram sua locomoção, evidenciando que o comprimento do aparato interfere na aversividade do compartimento claro. De forma geral, os dados demonstraram que a manipulação de estímulos ambientais altera os padrões comportamentais exploratórios relacionados à preferência claro/escuro, os quais podem estar associados a diferentes comportamentos relacionados à ansiedade.The validation of an experimental model to investigate the anxiety must be initially based in a parametric behavioral validation, which involves investigating responses related to the defense behavior of the species to cope with aversive situations in the environment of exposure. Thus, the present study validated the light/dark preference as a behavioral model for the study of anxiety in Carassius auratus (goldfish). The following parameters were evaluated: repetition of exposures to the test apparatus in 5 daily sessions, food deprivation, enriched aquarium, exchange of the water of the test aquarium, different proportions of the light and dark compartments, and exposure to an aquarium with half the length of the control one. The data indicated that the repeated exposures increased the number of crossings, indicating that they increased the exploration of the apparatus by reducing the aversive components of the environment. The fish housed in the enriched aquarium displaced more in the test apparatus, showin no significant preference for either the dark or light side, indicating the aversion of the test environment was attenuated by the exposure to the enriched aquarium. 48-H food-deprived animals showed no statistically significant differences between the times spent in either side of the test aquarium, indicating more intense exploration of the test apparatus in search of food. The animals submitted to the procedure of exchanging the water of the test aquarium before testing did not show preference for either side, indicating that the fish probably release chemical signals in the water which inform their conspecifics of the potential aversiveness of environment. As to the proportion of the aquarium, animals exposed to the 75% light 25% dark test aquarium displaced less than the ones exposed to the control aquarium, indicating that a larger light area can lead to an increase in the aversiveness of the aquarium. When the subjects were exposed to the 75% dark 25% light aquarium, the frequency of crossings was greater for the control group and, in this case, the increased locomotion may be associated with an attenuation in the aversiveness of the environment related to the presence of a larger dark area. In the 87.5% light 12.5% dark aquarium, the animals in the experimental group did not present statistically significant differences between the times spent on either the light or dark sides of the apparatus, indicating that a larger light (aversive) area alters the preference for dark environments. The fishes exposed the aquarium with half the length increased their locomotion, indicating that the length of the apparatus interferes with the aversiveness of the light compartment. Overall, the data showed that manipulating environmental stimuli affects exploratory behavior patterns related to light/dark preference, which may be associated with different anxiety-related behaviors.
47
Reeser, Lindsay E. "The relationship between a woman's personal birth preference and her perceptions of new mothers with different birthing methods : a test of cognitive dissonance theory." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1132.
Full textAbstract:
This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology
48
ITAKURA, Fumitada, Kazuya TAKEDA, Katsunobu ITOU, and Weifeng LI. "Single-Channel Multiple Regression for In-Car Speech Enhancement." Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/15051.
Full text
49
Kovacevic, Stefan, and Granlund Samuel Westman. "Radiorummets reverb : Preferensmapping av efterklang för inspelad talröst." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279415.
Full textAbstract:
Reverb är en effekt brukad inom bland annat musikproduktion för att mixa ljud, som flitigt används och är universellt erkänd som ett väsentligt verktyg. Däremot, inom domänen för röstinspelningar -framförallt radio och podcasts- är användningen av reverb mer begränsad, om inte obefintlig. Hur lyssnaren upplever en inspelning påverkas av efterklangen tillhörande den inspelningen. Alltså upplevs en lång efterklang tillhöra ett stort rum, medan ett mer dämpat ljud med en kort efterklang upplevs som ett litet rum. Ett nyhetsreportage som påminner om akustiken i en kyrka eller för den delen en inspelning i stil av en podcast -utan efterklang- kan upplevas svårt att lyssna på, framförallt med isolerande hörlurar. Många studier har publicerats om konceptet personligt föredragen efterklang för musik, men få finns för talad röst. Därför genomfördes denna studie med avsikt att hitta en konsensus mellan oberoende deltagare. Vilken efterklangstid föredras vid lyssning till en nyhetsrapport? Varje deltagare i studien lyssnade på sju versioner av en och samma röstinspelning i stilen av ett nyhetsreportage. Varianterna hade olika långa efterklangstider, från 0 ms till 800 ms. Därefter betygssatte deltagaren varje version av ljudklippet på en skala från 1 till 100, motsvarande hur nära inspelningen var till en perfekt lyssningsupplevelse enligt deras personliga preferens. Den extraherade datan från undersökningen indikerar en preferens mot lägre efterklangstider för det givna stimulit. Skillnaden mellan lägre efterklangstider visade sig vara mer signifikanta gentemot motsvarande intervall för längre efterklangstider. Den förväntade toppen för preferensbetygen mellan 200 och 400 ms kunde inte finnas, men avsaknaden av den kan till en del förklaras av flera faktorer, såsom: en skiljaktighet mellan ljudklippets och reverbets kvalitet, omfattningen av studien eller det faktum att ett träningsmoment saknades innan studiens start.The reverb effect in the world of music production is frequently used and universally regarded as an essential tool. On the other hand in the domain of speech recordings -primarily radio and podcasts- is the use of reverberation more limited if even used at all. How the listener percieves a recording is affected by the reverberation of said recording. More precisely, a long reververation can be percieved as belonging to a large room, while a more damped sound with shorter reverberation sounds like a small room. A news broadcast sounding similar to church acoustics or a recording in the style of a podcast -with no room response- can be difficult to listen to, especially for a listener with isolating headphones. Many research articles and studies have been published about the concept of personally preferred reverberation for music, but very few for speech. Therefore this study was conducted with an intent to find a consensus between independent participants. What reverberation time is preferred when listening to a news report? Each participant in the study listened to a set of seven versions of a single voice recording in the style of a news report. The variants had reverberation times spanning from 0 ms up to 800. They then graded the recordings on a scale from 1 through 100 corresponding to how close to an ideal listening experience they had, according to their personal preference. The data extracted from the study points to a preference towards less reverberation time. The difference between smaller reverberation times were shown to be more significant compared to the difference between the same interval at a longer reverberation time. The expected preference-peak at between 200 and 400 ms was not found but the absence of it could be explained by several factors, such as: disparity between the quality of the soundclip and the quality of the reverb effect used, the extent of the study of the lack of a training session for the participants before the start of the study.
50
Mashhadi, Reza Tasbihsazan. "Prediction of later intelligence beyond 2 years of age from preference for novelty during infancy /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm3968.pdf.
Full text