Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'A technological process'

The master work topic is dealt with process control system Control Web 7. After the introductory preface is followed by the specification and description of controlled process (the specification). The following is verbally with the assistance of the flowchart describes the concept of the whole system under manufacture. Then there is outlined how to proceed with an application programming and is described also Control Web 7. The last part of the master work is devoted to final inspection using the program module VisionLab compared with competing vision systems, which is an addition to the family of Control Web.

This document presents the construction of a stochastic equation for the process of manufacturing products on a production line. We base our research on the synchronized production line. The minimum size of the inter-operational storage is determined, at which the continuous production is possible. The stochastic equation of the production process is written in canonical form. The definition of the diffusion coefficient for the time of processing of subjects of labour.

With increasing challenges from international competition and domestic demands for a technologically literate workforce, pressure is growing on the educational system to produce students that are literate in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Integrative STEM education utilizes design-based pedagogical approaches to teach science/math content and practices concurrently with technology/engineering content and practices (Wells & Ernst, 2012, para. 2). The discipline of technology education has traditionally implemented design-based pedagogical approaches. However, the discipline has not demonstrated through empirical research that its existence and pedagogies are beneficial to student learning and cognition (Lewis, 1999, 2006; Petrina, 1998; Wells, 2008, 2010; Zuga, 1994, 1997, 2001).
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that the technological design-based approach to teaching biotechnology literacy supports students\' connections of science and technology concepts. Grounded in Ausubel\'s (1968) theory on meaningful learning and Novak\'s (1980) advanced organizer of concept mapping, this study examined evidence of high school students\' cognitive structural change throughout the technological design-based approach to instruction. At three key intervals throughout the technological design process, students developed concept maps to document their understanding of the biology and technology concepts presented within the instructional materials. Data for this study included the students\' constructed concept maps. To analyze the concept maps, the researcher used Hay et al.\'s (2008) three-method analysis for measuring the quality of students\' learning, and a qualitative analysis.
Data analysis across all four methods indicated that all participants experienced a varying degree of growth in biology, technology, and integrative concepts and connections. Collectively this study supports the notion that the technological design-based approach to instruction does indeed (1) encourage meaningful learning, and (2) increase students\' use of higher order thinking indicated by their abilities to demonstrate their use of schematic and strategic knowledge within their concept maps. The results of this study have direct implications within the areas of Technology Education, Science Education, classroom practice, and concept mapping. The discussion and implications suggest the need to expand the research conducted within this study, and to improve the methods for concept mapping analysis.
Ph. D.

There are mass, serial and single types of production are determined by the coefficient of consolidation of operations at the workplace (GOST 3.1121.84). Mass production is characterized by a type of highly specialized departments and sections on output, limited and stable for a long period of the time range of products. The main objective of planning is to ensure the movement of workpieces on at a given pace of operations. A significant part of the calendar-planned regulations for the type of mass production is sustainable and just laid the basis for the planned regulations of the production lines. Planning is based on the calculation of the rate of release and details of the calculation of interoperable standards groundwork. When a batch type production nomenclature of manufactured products less stable, but still regularly repeated in the release program, the number performed in detail shops operations far exceeds the number of jobs that determines the production of goods parties. Main planning task in batch production, ensuring periodicity of manufacture products in accordance with the scheduled task. Increasing seriality achieved the unification of parts and typed processes. The objective of production planning is to manufacture products on time and uniform loading of production sites for a given production cycle. Each type of production of different methods can be arranged. The main ones are in-line, single party and methods of production. The most effective line method. The set of methods, tools, and principles of organization of the process to form the production planning and control system. Specifically shown what it takes to build a mathematical model of operations.

A pesar de la gran importancia que se le han atribuido a las innovaciones tecnológicas como la principal fuente de ventaja competitiva y como un motor del buen desempeño económico, aún no ha surgido en la literatura un marco analítico sobre las técnicas o enfoques que permitan entender el comportamiento de las actividades de investigación y desarrollo (I+D) y varios temas demandan una investigación más profunda. En este contexto surge esta tesis cuyo principal objetivo es analizar las actividades de innovaciones tecnológicas siguiendo una perspectiva analítica de proceso. Caracterizando a la innovación como un proceso que consta de las fases de buscar, seleccionar, implementar y capturar, esta tesis desarrolla cuatro investigaciones empíricas para entender cada una de las etapas del proceso de innovación. El Capítulo II se enfoca en las fases de búsqueda y selección y tiene como objetivo incrementar nuestro conocimiento en el comportamiento de las empresas que determina la selección de la estrategia de I+D. Las estrategias de innovación son definidas en esta tesis como la estrategia de hacer, que representa el desarrollo interno de actividades de I+D; la estrategia de comprar que constituye la externalización de las actividades de I+D y; la estrategia de hacer-comprar que combina el desarrollo interno y externo de I+D. Contrariamente a la literatura previa, este Capítulo considera que los recursos internos de la empresa y las condiciones de la industria determinan la selección de la estrategia de I+D. El Capítulo III también explica la selección de la estrategia de I+D pero con un especial énfasis en el papel que desempeñan las ayudas públicas. El Capítulo IV, analiza las fases de seleccionar e implementar, busca analizar cuál es el efecto que tienen las diferentes estrategias de I+D en el desempeño innovador de las empresas. Finalmente el Capítulo V se enfoca en las últimas dos fases del proceso innovador, implementar y capturar. El propósito de este Capítulo es el de proponer un nuevo enfoque para analizar la relación, entre innovación y desempeño económico de la empresa. En esta investigación se sugiere que el uso indistinto de los inputs u outputs de la innovación para medir el grado de innovación de una empresa no está libre de problemas y que más bien éstos deberían de considerarse simultáneamente siguiendo una perspectiva productiva. Todos los análisis econométricos realizados en esta tesis se han realizado utilizando una muestra tomada de la Encuesta Sobre Estrategias Empresariales. Esta encuesta es de tipo panel (1992-2005) y recoge información sobre empresas manufactureras españolas. Los resultados muestran que la estrategia de comprar es principalmente seleccionada por empresas con bajos recursos organizativos y es evitada por empresas que compiten en mercados con altos niveles de incertidumbre. Sus efectos en el desempeño innovar de la empresa son los menores y tienen un efecto a corto plazo. Por el contrario, la estrategia de hacer-comprar suele ser seleccionada por empresas con altos recursos tecnológicos y con operaciones en mercados con un alto grado de incertidumbre tecnológica. Respecto a sus efectos en el desempeño innovador, los resultados muestran que ésta produce el mayor efecto y genera un impacto a largo plazo. Adicionalmente, los resultados muestran que los efectos de las estrategias en el desempeño innovador está moderado por la intensidad tecnológica en la cual las empresas se desempeñan. Finalmente, los resultados obtenidos brindan soporte a nuestro argumento de que la mejor manera de medir el impacto de las actividades de I+D en el desempeño de la empresa es a través de la eficiencia del proceso de innovación tecnológica.
Despite the great importance attributed to technological innovations as the main source of competitive advantages and as the driver of firm performance, a comprehensive picture of the techniques and approaches for understanding firms’ R&D behavior has not yet emerged and several issues require further investigation. In this context, the aim of this dissertation is to analyze, in a broader sense, the technological innovation activities following a process-based perspective. Categorizing innovation as a process which embraces the phases of searching, selecting, implementing and capturing, this dissertation develops four empirical studies in order to capture and understand each of the innovation process phases. The first empirical Chapter accounts for the searching and selecting phases of the innovation process and aims at increasing our knowledge of firm innovative behavior by analyzing the factors that determine firm R&D strategy selection. Three R&D strategies are defined and represent the internal development of R&D (make), the externalization of R&D (buy) and the combination of internal and external R&D (makebuy). Contrary to previous studies, we consider the joint effect of firm internal resources, industry characteristics and appropriability conditions as determinants of R&D strategy selection. The second empirical Chapter also explains the determinants of the R&D strategy selection but with an emphasis on public R&D funding. The third empirical Chapter aims at ascertaining the effects of the different R&D strategies on firm innovative performance, which accounts for the selecting and implementing phases. In order to evaluate RDSs effects in a broader sense and looking for robust results, we consider different measures of product and/or process innovations as indicators of firm innovative performance. Finally, the fifth chapter accounts for the implementing and capturing phases of the innovation process. It proposes a new approach to tackle the innovation-performance relationship; its objective is to cope with the, so far, mixed and inconclusive results of studies analyzing this relationship. We argue that the indistinctly use of the innovation inputs or outputs in order to measure firm innovativeness is not trouble-free; they should be, rather, jointly considered from a productive perspective. All empirical studies are carried out using the Survey of Business Strategies of Spanish manufacturing firms which is a panel dataset from 1992 to 2005. Results show that the buy strategy is mainly selected by young firms lacking organizational resources and it is avoided by firms competing in uncertain markets and characterized by major technology shifts. Its effects on firm innovativeness are weaker and last less than that of any other R&D strategy. On the opposite side, the make-buy strategy is selected by firms possessing high technological resources and acting in highly uncertain markets. Regarding its effects on firm innovativeness, we observe that they are stronger and last longer. In addition, we find empirical support for our proposed argument that the effects of the R&D strategies on firm innovativeness are moderated by the technological intensity level. Finally, results of the last empirical Chapter support our arguments that the better measurement of outcomes of the technological innovations is through the efficiency whereby they are developed. Moreover, we test the moderating effect of the technological intensity level and firm size on the efficiency-performance relationship.

For determination of fluoride in the different objects of environment and technological solutions the greatest interest presents by itself a crystalline hard membrane electrode, the features of that are a small inertance, protracted term of work, chemical stability in relation to many acids and lyes, Nernst character of dependence of electrode function, that is kept in the interval of a few orders of change of activity of fluoride, absence of influence of oxidants and repairers that are in solutions.

The aim of this research is to investigate the role of the governmental technological policy of international transferring technology in developing countries with particular focus on Kuwait. It is also an endeavour to propose a framework for the public sector for formulating technology development strategy favourable for technology transfer for developing countries.

Many construction companies worldwide continue to implement different methodologies to optimize time and improve management in the execution of works; however, a lack of control in projects continues to be observed. For this reason, one of the most common problems currently is the incompletion of scheduled work. Due to this, it is necessary to keep better control of the projects at the execution stage so that the contractor can optimally, quickly, and easily manage the progress of all the specialties involved. In this sense, this research develops the use of the Plan Grid Application for data collection in the field and the Power Bi software for the automatic processing and information visualization through a management dashboard where indicators are shown to reflect the progress and actual performance of the activities as well as the main non-compliance causes, which leads to optimize the control process and the time spent by its administrators to carry out this management.

The main aim of this master's thesis is to propose a technological preparation of the wiping plate production. Elaboration is divided into four chapters. The first chapter describes forming tool (function and construction). In the second chapter is technologies overview, which are used for the wiping plate production. The most important is the third chapter, because it deals with the main output, and the actual proposal of technological preparation of the production. In the fourth chapter, production is reviewed economically.

The origins of this work are in understanding the difficulties that organisations face in developing and using technology based training (TBT). However it is the organisational context within which these technological changes take place that is of particular interest. The objective of this thesis is to use concepts and models of cumulative knowledge in organisations to investigate the limitations of conventional training centred approaches. The research design is centred around the question: Is the failure of conventional training, in meeting organisational needs, due to it being used as a project, task centred `function' rather than being process centred? This question is explored by: identifying, in a diverse set of organisations, the nature of `failures' and limitations of the conventional training function from which it is possible to structure an approach that draws upon models of training and knowledge; using models of knowledge accumulation, process models, to examine the limitations of task and functional models of training. The research activity includes the use of an innovative training package based on trouble-shooter training, and carefully focused interactive activities with line managers in three very different types of organisation. For each of these groups knowledge issues and training are of evident concern. The research shows that contributions to knowledge gain within an organisation can be uncovered and supported if specific patterns and structures are identified. It is clear that there is little difficulty in identifying the value of specific knowledge types in functional or technical domains if the timing of the skill required can also be determined. Further, it is clear that problems arise when senior managers focus on developmental knowledge and specify skill requirements in advance of the preparedness of line managers. In such cases learning benefits are likely to be restricted by a lack of structural change in the organisation required to exploit such training. In addition the thesis makes a contribution to the development of a composite training and cumulative knowledge model by: clarifying the various dimensions of training and knowledge relevant to knowledge exploitation, and; the identification of the role of exploitation as the potential point of interaction between individual and organisational learning models.

This thesis investigates how recruitment and selection practices impose social barriers for disabled people in the UK labour market. Despite the growing use of online recruitment methods adopted by employers, current literature has neglected the reactions of job applicants to web-based recruitment and selection practices from an equality perspective, in particular the voices and experiences of disabled jobseekers and their unequal access to the Internet. The research foregrounds the concepts of inequality regimes and the ideal worker to show that social barriers and disability discrimination occur within recruitment and selection practices and can result in disability inequality, as well as gender, race or class inequality. This thesis demonstrates that the notion of the ideal worker––in general a masculine notion–– is embedded within society and the labour market, and is formed around ableist norms of ‘ideal qualities and behaviour’ that a worker should have, and which views disabled people as less productive compared to non-disabled people. These implicit ideas about the ideal worker can have a significant, although often unintended, effect on recruitment and selection practices and produce inequalities in organisations. Through 22 qualitative, semi-structured interviews with disabled jobseekers and employment advisors from two disabled people’s organisations that worked with these individuals, and 12 interviews with employers over a one-year period, accounts of disability inequality embedded within traditional and online recruitment and selection practices are studied. This research has been designed around emancipatory principles of disability research and emphasises the importance of the social model of disability for disabled people and the disabled people’s movement in the UK. Likewise, it contributes to theoretical literature on the extended social model of disability to highlight that disability occurs because of social oppression associated with relationships, at both the macro and micro scales, between impaired and non-impaired people. The aim of this study has been to represent as genuinely as possible the needs and voices of disabled people and their organisations in order to challenge social arrangements that lead to disability inequality, in recruitment and selection practices via the Internet.

Abstract The Finnish chemical forest industry has undergone a profound structural change over the past two decades. The basic industry is increasingly focusing its product development investments on its own products and operations while the development of processes and process machinery is left to specialised companies. At the same time the purchases of the pulp and paper industry are becoming larger: there is a shift from single device purchases to larger functional units. This research studies the Finnish process machinery industry serving the needs of the pulp and paper industry and its product development environment and strategies, and evaluates the ability of selected case companies to design integrated process solutions. Particularly the role of measurement and automation technology in these solutions is under closer scrutiny. Aspects of product life cycles and technology management, together with various procedures and operating models for innovation and product development processes, are discussed on the basis of the literature. The empirical part of the research was carried out as a case study with several Finnish companies manufacturing machinery and equipment for the chemical forest industry. The results show that the strategies of the studied industry are still very much dominated by the traditional emphasis on machinery design and construction. The change in the customers' purchasing behaviour towards ever larger units and functions is reflected particularly as increasingly large delivery projects. The units required by the customers are put together in the project phase, using parts and components developed in isolation from each other. There is very little evidence of actual product development, design or producing of integrated process solutions. In those cases where the design work has explicitly aimed at an integrated functional unit, the result has been a process that the customer can easily purchase and where the supplier's expertise in processes and process control is already included in the package. Designing integrated process solutions takes more than technical expertise and capability: the strategy, organisation, and product development process of the supplier company must support the integration of different technologies and expertise areas in the product. Instead of the traditional serial product development it is imperative that the questions of process design, process machinery, and process control are treated and solved simultaneously. The in-house expertise and networking of research and development must be promoted in such a way that the capabilities necessary to include the required technologies and expertise areas in a product project are already available when the product is being specified and designed.

This thesis consists of two essays and an introduction. The main theme is technological knowledge that is not based on the natural sciences.The first essay is about rules of thumb, which are simple instructions, used to guide actions toward a specific result, without need of advanced knowledge. Knowing adequate rules of thumb is a common form of technological knowledge. It differs both from science-based and intuitive (or tacit) technological knowledge, although it may have its origin in experience, scientific knowledge, trial and error, or a combination thereof. One of the major advantages of rules of thumb is the ease with which they can be learned. One of their major disadvantages is that they cannot easily be adjusted to new situations or conditions. Engineers commonly use rules, theories and models that lack scientific justification. How to include these in introductory technology education is the theme of the second essay. Examples include rules of thumb based on experience, but also models based on obsolete science or folk theories. Centrifugal forces, heat and cold as substances, and sucking vacuum all belong to the latter group. These models contradict scientific knowledge, but are useful for prediction in limited contexts where they are used when found convenient. The role of this kind of models in technology education is the theme of the second essay. Engineers’ work is a common prototype for pupils’ work with product development and systematic problem solving during technology lessons. Therefore pupils should be allowed to use the engineers’ non-scientific models when doing design work in school technology. The acceptance of these could be experienced as contradictory by the pupils: a model that is allowed, or even encouraged in technology class is considered wrong when doing science. To account for this, different epistemological frameworks must be used in science and technology education. Technology is first and foremost about usefulness, not about the truth or even generally applicable laws. This could cause pedagogical problems, but also provide useful examples to explain the limitations of models, the relation between model and reality, and the differences between science and technology.

QC 20111118

This diploma thesis is engaged with innovation technology of production machine parts from current production line Debako to the new machining centre Makino A71, which includes the change of technologic process, the tool equipment, creation of CNC program, economical analysis and so on.

[ES] La calidad superficial en las piezas mecanizadas depende del acabado superficial, resultado de las marcas dejadas por la herramienta durante el proceso de corte. Las aproximaciones teóricas tradicionales indican que estas marcas están relacionadas con los parámetros de corte (velocidad de corte, avance, profundidad de corte...), el tipo de máquina, el material de la pieza, la geometría de la herramienta, etc. Pero no todos los tipos de mecanizado y selección de materiales pueden dar un resultado ambiguo. Hoy en día, de manera progresiva, se están utilizando las técnicas de fresado de Alta Velocidad sobre materiales de difícil mecanizado cada vez más. El fresado de Alta Velocidad implica a un considerable número de parámetros del proceso que pueden afectar a la formación topográfica 3D de la superficie. La hipótesis de que los parámetros de rugosidad superficial dependen de las huellas dejadas por la herramienta, determinadas por las condiciones de trabajo y las propiedades del entorno, condujo al desarrollo de una metodología de investigación personalizada. Este trabajo de investigación muestra como la combinación de los parámetros, inclinación del eje de la herramienta, deflexión geométrica de la herramienta y comportamiento vibracional del entorno, influencian sobre el parámetro de rugosidad superficial 3D, Sz. El modelo general fue dividido en varias partes, donde se ha descrito la influencia de parámetros del proceso adicionales, siendo incluidos en el modelo general propuesto. El proceso incremental seguido permite al autor desarrollar un modelo matemático general, paso a paso, testeando y añadiendo los componentes que más afectan a la formación de la topografía de la superficie. En la primera parte de la investigación se seleccionó un proceso de fresado con herramientas de punta plana. Primero, se analiza la geometría de la herramienta, combinada con múltiples avances, para distinguir los principales parámetros que afectan a la rugosidad superficial. Se introduce un modelo de predicción con un componente básico para la altura de la rugosidad, obtenida por la geometría de la herramienta de corte. A continuación, se llevan a cabo experimentos más específicamente diseñados, variando parámetros tecnológicos. Esto empieza con el análisis de la inclinación del eje de la herramienta contra la mesa de fresado. Los especímenes de análisis son muestras con cuatro recorridos de corte rectos con corte en sentido contrario. Las trayectorias lineales con diferentes direcciones dan la oportunidad de analizar la inclinación del husillo de fresado en la máquina. Un análisis visual reveló diferencias entre direcciones de corte opuestas, así como marcas dejadas por el filo posterior de la herramienta. Considerando las desviaciones de las marcas de corte observadas en las imágenes de rugosidad superficial obtenidas a partir de las medidas, se introdujo un análisis sobre el comportamiento dinámico del equipo y de la herramienta de corte. Las vibraciones producen desviaciones en la mesa de fresado y en la herramienta de corte. Estas desviaciones fueron detectadas e incluidas en el modelo matemático para completar la precisión en la predicción del modelo. Finalmente, el modelo de predicción del parámetro de rugosidad Sz fue comprobado con un mayor número de parámetros del proceso. Los valores de Sz medidos y predichos, fueron comparados y analizados estadísticamente. Los resultados revelaron una mayor desviación de la rugosidad predicha en las muestras fabricadas con diferentes máquinas y con diferentes avances. Importantes conclusiones sobre la precisión del equipo de fabricación han sido extraídas y de ellas se desprende que la huella de la herramienta de corte está directamente relacionada con los parámetros de la topografía de la superficie. Además, la influencia de la huella está afectada por la geometría de la herramienta de corte, la rigidez de la herramienta y la precisión del equipo. La geometría de la herramienta conforma la base del parámetro Sz, desviación de la altura de la superficie. Las conclusiones alcanzadas son la base para recomendaciones prácticas, aplicables en la industria.
[CA] La qualitat superficial en les peces mecanitzades depèn de l'acabat superficial, resultat de les marques deixades per l'eina durant el procés de tall. Les aproximacions teòriques tradicionals indiquen que aquestes marques estan relacionades amb els paràmetres de tall (velocitat de tall, avanç, profunditat de tall...), el tipus de màquina, el material de la peça, la geometria de l'eina, etc. Però no tots els tipus de mecanitzat i selecció de materials poden donar un resultat ambigu. Avui en dia, de manera progressiva, s'estan utilitzant les tècniques de fresat d'Alta Velocitat sobre materials de difícil mecanització cada vegada més. El fresat d'Alta Velocitat implica un considerable nombre de paràmetres del procés que poden afectar la formació topogràfica 3D de la superfície. La hipòtesi que els paràmetres de rugositat superficial depenen de les empremtes deixades per l'eina, determinades per les condicions de treball i les propietats de l'entorn, va conduir al desenvolupament d'una metodologia d'investigació personalitzada. Aquest treball de recerca mostra com la combinació dels paràmetres, inclinació de l'eix de l'eina, deflexió geomètrica de l'eina i comportament vibracional de l'entorn, influencien sobre el paràmetre de rugositat superficial 3D, Sz. El model general va ser dividit en diverses parts, on s'ha descrit la influència de paràmetres addicionals del procés, sent inclosos en el model general proposat. El procés incremental seguit permet a l'autor desenvolupar un model matemàtic general, pas a pas, testejant i afegint els components que més afecten a la formació de la topografia de la superfície. En la primera part de la investigació es va seleccionar un procés de fresat amb eines de punta plana. Primer, s'analitza la geometria de l'eina, combinada amb múltiples avanços, per distingir els principals paràmetres que afecten la rugositat superficial. S'introdueix un model de predicció amb un component bàsic per a l'altura de la rugositat, obtinguda a través de la geometria de l'eina de tall. A continuació, es duen a terme experiments més específicament dissenyats, variant paràmetres tecnològics. Això comença amb l'anàlisi de la inclinació de l'eix de l'eina contra la taula de fresat. Els espècimens d'anàlisi són mostres amb quatre recorreguts de tall rectes amb tall en sentit contrari. Les trajectòries lineals amb diferents direccions donen l'oportunitat d'analitzar la inclinació del fus de fresat en la màquina. Una anàlisi visual revelà diferències entre direccions de tall oposades, així com marques deixades pel tall posterior de l'eina. Considerant les desviacions de les marques de tall observades en les imatges de rugositat superficial obtingudes a partir de les mesures, es va introduir una anàlisi sobre el comportament dinàmic de l'equip i de l'eina de tall. Les vibracions produeixen desviacions en la taula de fresat i en l'eina de tall. Aquestes desviacions van ser detectades i incloses en el model matemàtic per completar la precisió en la predicció de el model. Finalment, el model de predicció de el paràmetre de rugositat Sz va ser comprovat amb un major nombre de paràmetres del procés. Els valors de Sz mesurats i predits, van ser comparats i analitzats estadísticament. Els resultats van revelar una major desviació de la rugositat predita en les mostres fabricades amb diferents màquines i amb diferents avanços. Importants conclusions sobre la precisió de l'equip de fabricació han estat extretes i d'elles es desprèn que l'empremta de l'eina de tall està directament relacionada amb els paràmetres de la topografia de la superfície. A més, la influència de la empremta està afectada per la geometria de l'eina de tall, la rigidesa de l'eina i la precisió de l'equip. La geometria de l'eina conforma la base del paràmetre Sz, desviació de l'altura de la superfície. Les conclusions assolides són la base per recomanacions pràctiques, aplicables en la indústria.
[EN] Surface quality of machined parts highly depends on the surface texture that reflects the marks, left by the tool during the cutting process. The traditional theoretical approaches indicate that these marks are related to the cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed, depths of cut...), the machining type, the part material, the tool geometry, etc. But, different machining type and material selection can give a variable result. In nowadays, more progressively, High Speed milling techniques have been applied on hard-to-cut materials more and more extensively. High-speed milling involves a considerable number of process parameters that may affect the 3D surface topography formation. The hypothesis that surface topography parameters depends on the traces left by the tool, determined by working conditions and environmental properties, led to the development of a custom research methodology. This research work shows how the parameters combination, tool axis inclination, tool geometric deflection, cutting tool geometry and environment vibrational behavior, influence on 3D surface topography parameter Sz. The general model was divided in multiple parts, where additional process parameters influence has been described and included in general model proposed. The incremental process followed allows the author to develop a general mathematical model, step by step, testing and adding the components that affect surface topography formation the most. In the first part of the research a milling procedure with flat end milling tools was selected. First, tool geometry, combined with multiple cutting feed rates, is analyzed to distinguish the main parameters that affect surface topography. A prediction model is introduced with a basic topography height component, performed by cutting tool geometry. Next, specifically designed experiments were conducted, varying technological parameters. That starts with cutting tool axis inclination against the milling table analysis. The specimens of analysis are samples with 4 contrary aimed straight cutting paths. Linear paths in different directions give a chance to analyze milling machine spindle axis topography, as well as marks left from cutting tool back cutting edge. Considering the deviations of cutting marks observed in the images of the surface topography obtained through the measurements, the milling equipment and cutting tool dynamical behavior analysis were introduced. Vibrations produce deviations in the milling table and cutting tool. These deviations were detected and included in the mathematical model to complete the prediction model accuracy. Finally, the prediction model of the topography parameter SZ was tested with increased number of process parameters. Measured and predicted SZ values were compared and analyzed statistically. Results revealed high predicted topography deviation on samples manufactured with different machines and with different feed rates. Relevant conclusions about the manufacturing equipment accuracy have been drawn and they state that cutting tool's footprint is directly related with surface topography parameters. Besides, footprint influence is affected by cutting tool geometry, tool stiffness and equipment accuracy.
Logins, A. (2021). High speed milling technological regimes, process condition and technological equipment condition influence on surface quality parameters of difficult to cut materials [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/164122
TESIS

Создана компьютерная система, управляющая оптимальным течением технологического процесса, показывающая места перекосов.
A computer system which controls the optimal flow of the technological process was created showing places of distortion.

Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Processamento de Alimentos - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
This work aims to study various types of seeds, fermented, unfermented and toasted from cocoas around different countries in order to evaluate their characteristics in terms of quality, physic-chemical and sensory type. On study, are four samples of Sao Tome and Principe, three samples from Colombia, one Brazilian and one Ghana, making part of types of cocoas as Criollo (sub-type: Amelonado, Amelonado Hybrid), Forastero (sub-type: Catongo) and Trinitario. The cocoas physic-chemical quality evaluation proceeding was made to determine the average mass of 100 seeds, as the, moisture content, the fat content, the titratable acidity and pH, the total phenols, the triacylglycerols and the fat acids. The results obtained, lead to a superior highlight fat contents of Catongo cacao from Brazil (62,1%), as well as larger amounts of unsaturated oleic and linoleic acid (38,0% and 3,4%). The total phenol content decreases during the fermentation process, and in the case of the Catongo cocoa from Sao Tome and Principe, there was a reduction of 55%. The chocolates prepared showed distinct characteristics, being each one different, being Trinitario cocoa paste of Columbia chocolate obtained, was the most appreciated by the taster subjects

This diploma thesis deals with a production process lower roller, this is a main part of oblique cylindrical straightening machines in the company Žďas a. s. Žďár nad Sázavou. The first part of the thesis is focused on kinds of cylindrical straightening machines and on processing of bar stock and tubes. Next is the thesis dedicated to the production of the main part of the lower oblique cylindrical roller straightening machines. The production takes place on an older turning machine Škoda Plzeň SR1000/5000. In the following part of the thesis is solved the possibility of using new technologies and new machining CNC machine, that would increase the productivity, quality and accuracy of the product. In the final part of the thesis is solved technical and economical evaluation of proposed technology.

This master’s thesis deals with the process of production of oil pump at the company Antreg, a.s. The purpose of the thesis was to design a new technological process without grinding. The goal was achieved by an experiment. The necessary measurements were taken on the front part of the oil pump box. Measurements are described and evaluated in this thesis. As a next step, optimal technological process was applied to other parts of the oil pump box. An economic evaluation was carried out for a selected technical process.

Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The main proposition of this study is that the notion of a single set of universal success factors (enablers) of innovation is naïve. Rather, the importances of different enablers are contextually based and dependent upon different kinds of projects and their attributes. By investigating the roles of project radicalness and maturity in governing the importance of enablers of innovation in the process industries, two major conclusions were made, viz. (1) the importance of enablers are significantly moderated by project attributes, and (2) the mutual interactions between moderators of enabler importance prevent the formulation of middle-range theories of innovation radicalness or maturity, which propose normative relationships between innovation attributes and enabler importance. Although a number of previous studies have posited such outcomes, this study provides empirical evidence thereof for a set of generic enablers of innovation. These findings have suggested that the modelling of innovation at the project level should follow a contingent approach. While contingency theory has widely been applied to correlate structural and environmental attributes when the unit of analysis is the organisation, the literature on project management has largely ignored the importance of project contingencies, assuming that all projects share a universal set of managerial characteristics. This void is addressed through the development of a contingency model of the influence of secondary contingencies (project radicalness and maturity) on the importance of enablers. It represents an integrative perspective of the contextual importance of a number of enablers (and constructs thereof) that have previously been investigated and reported independently. Given that theory development in project management is still in its early years, it may therefore be concluded that the study contributes to the validity of classical contingency theory arguments in the context of the project. Although it does not consider an exhaustive list of all possible contingencies, and findings thereof strictly pertain only to process innovation, it does represent a considerable step in the evolving process of theory development on the modelling of innovation at the project level.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie poneer in hoofsaak dat die idee van ‘n enkele stel universele suksesfaktore (drywers) vir innovasie, eng is. Dit word eerder voorgestel dat die belangrikheid van verskillende drywers kontekstueel is en bepaal word deur verskillende tipes projekte en hul eienskappe. Na gelang van ‘n ondersoek na die rolle van projek radikaalheid en stadium van ontwikkeling in die bepaling van die belangrikheid van drywers van innovasie, is twee hoofgevolgtrekkings gemaak, naamlik dat (1) projekeienskappe ‘n beduidende invloed op die relatiewe belangrikheid van drywers het, en (2) die onderlinge interaksies tussen moderators van die belangrikheid van drywers dit verhoed om middelomvang teorieë van innovasie radikaalheid of stadium van ontwikkeling te formuleer, wat normatiewe verhoudings tussen die eienskappe van innovasies en hul drywers voorstel. Alhoewel sulke resultate deur ‘n aantal vorige studies gepostuleer is, verskaf hierdie studie empiriese bewyse daarvan in terme van ‘n generiese stel drywers van innovasie. Bevindinge in hierdie verband het getoon dat innovasie op die projek-vlak deur ‘n voorwaardelikheidsmodel gemodelleer moet word. Alhoewel voorwaardelikheidsteorie algemeen gebruik word om strukturele en omgewingseienskappe op organisatoriese vlak te korrelleer, het die projekbestuur-literatuur tot dusver grootliks die belangrikheid van projekvoorwaardelikhede geïgnoreer deur aan te neem dat alle projekte ‘n universele stel bestuurseienskappe deel. Hierdie leemte word geadresseer deur die ontwikkeling van ‘n voorwaardelikheidsmodel vir die invloed van sekondêre voorwaardelikhede (projek radikaalheid en stadium van ontwikkeling) op die belangrikheid van drywers. Dit verteenwoordig ‘n geïntegreerde perspektief van die kontekstuele belangrikheid van ‘n aantal drywers (en konstrukte daarvan) wat voorheen onafhanklik nagevors en gepubliseer is. Aangesien teorie ontwikkeling in projekbestuur steeds jonk is, word die gevolgtrekking gemaak dat die studie bydra tot die geldigheid van klassieke voorwaardelikheidsteorieargumente in die konteks van die projek. Alhoewel dit nie ‘n veelomvattende lys van alle moontlike voorwaardelikhede beskou nie, en die bevindinge daarvan streng gesproke slegs betrekking het op proses-innovasie, verteenwoordig die studie ‘n beduidende stap vorentoe vir teorie-ontwikkeling in die modellering van innovasie op die projek-vlak.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.
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The dissertation is focused on the bearing production technology issues. The aim of the thesis is to investigate and evaluate the influence of the technological processes on properties of the functional surfaces of an outer bearing ring. The development, rolling, grinding and turning have been selected as basic technological processes. The subject of the surface integrity research on test samples is the measurement and analysis of the quality of the machined surfaces and residual stresses in the surface layers of the bearing rings. The comparison is made in relation to the previous operations - rolling, turning and grinding.

The advent of computer-mediated communication (CMC) and the Internet has created significant opportunity for online education. Research on this topic has addressed its effectiveness, but as yet little attention has been given to the technology appropriation process in this context. This thesis adopts a social constructivist perspective. To enhance the understanding of online education, the study argues for abandoning the notion of technology as a passive tool and, instead, for considering the contextual issues which surround it. In order to understand how learning and technology appropriation takes place, the organisational and cultural setting needs to be considered. From this underlying conceptual position, the thesis constructs a theoretical framework using theories of collaborative and situated learning in combination with technological frames analysis. Applying this framework, an empirical study is performed on the implementation of an online education system at a traditional U.K. university. Research findings suggest that student perception and interpretation of technology and of online education are strongly influenced by their understanding of the institution, and these perceptions alter students' subsequent behaviour towards technology during the learning process. Furthermore, the study reveals that student appropriation of technology changes in accordance with the surrounding context and their realisation of the educational value which emerges from their interaction with the system over time. The theoretical contribution arises from applying to the study of online education the social constructivist approach to information systems. The methodological contribution lies in demonstrating the value of the interpretive approach for understanding online education on campus. Empirically, the thesis has significant value for educationalists by highlighting the contextual issues that affect student appropriation of technology and the consequent learning outcomes.

The subject of the paper is eco-technological procedure of the wast water treatment of galvanic process with the following processing of sludge generated during the conventiotal purification of the waste water. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17402

This research examines how companies adapt to more unpredictable environments by developing dynamic capabilities that help sustain innovation and change. The key explanatory construct is modular architecture - the intentional decomposition of systems (products or processes) into relatively independent sub-units with standard interfaces. The dissertation is structured as three semi-independent papers plus an introduction and a literature review. The literature review describes current theories of modular systems and discusses the similarities and differences to related concepts such as nearly decomposable systems, loose coupling, and vertical decomposition. The literature review identifies three gaps in the current literature. First, there has been a limited degree of theorising on the concept outside the field of technology management. Second, the current literature is based largely on anecdotal case studies and there is little quantitative evidence of the strategic value of modularity. Finally, there is a lack of understanding concerning the implementation of modular architectures. The first paper generalises from product to organisation design and derives five principles for modular organisational architectures. A hypothetical example is developed to illustrate how a large home appliances company might apply these principles to create a process platform consisting of reconfigurable building blocks. The chapter also proposes some extensions of current theory to more realistically adopt modularity concepts in organisation design. The second paper is based on a study that explores the current product and process architectures at three leading manufacturers of vacuum cleaners. It identifies some of the key barriers to increased flexibility among companies in mature industries. It also considers the relative value of modularity for established companies pursuing incremental innovation versus entrepreneurial companies introducing more radical innovations. The third paper presents the results from a survey questionnaire study of companies in the home appliances industry in the UK. and US. The relationship between market context, product and process architecture, strategic flexibility and firm performance is examined by means of structural equations modelling. The results show a positive relationship between modular product architectures and performance, with product model variety as a mediating variable. The thesis makes the following contributions to the existing literature: It complements extant theorising by generalising modular principles to organisation design. It contributes to methodology by developing a questionnaire for assessing modularity in product and process design. Finally, it provides one of the first empirical studies of the effects of modularity on strategic flexibility and firm performance.

This thesis is developed from the proposition that most innovations offer scope for further development. The research is aimed at identifying factors that guide the innovating firm in sustaining a path of competitive technological advance in the face of a changing operating environment. Empirical evidence relating to these factors is provided in fourteen case-studies of post-innovation performance. The point of departure for producing the present case-studies was a study of the causes of innovations that enabled firms to gain the Queen's Awardto Industry in 1966 or 1967. This study provided we11- documented accounts of how things looked in the 1ate-l960s and therefore represented an ideal starting-point for investigating post-innovation performance. The present case-studies of post-innovation performance reveal that the process of technological change at firm level does not, normal1y take the form of somewhat momentous, discrete innovations. Instead, evidence is provided to support, the idea that the firm can be viewed as the custodian of a bundle of technological knowledge which can be marshalled to develop a particular area of innovation with regard to the changing constraints and opportunities that are generated by a changing operational environment. By combining aspects of the literature on technological change with the principles of Schumpeterian competition, an evolutionary perspective on the process of technological change at firm level is developed. It is argued that this perspective is more appropriate to an interpretation of technological change than static models of discrete innovations. A central feature of this evolutionary perspective is that, in addition to continuity in the development of the supply of technology, there are parallel changes in user-requirements. The innovating finn is then cast in the role of mediator between changes in technology and the evolution of user-requirements. It is shown that users are not usually concerned with the intrinsic qualities of a technology as such but rather with a given technology's ability to supply a set of desirable properties. The concept of a users' property-set is developed as a means of defining the arena of canpetition within which rival firms vie to meet evolving user-requirements. Evidence is provided which shows how the users' property-set can change over time and thereby change the nature of the ecooomic selection mechanismam hence the competitive position of the innovating firm.

Technological upgrading, as the key engine of Chinese economic development, does not take place in isolation, but is largely dependent on access to external knowledge sources. FDI has long been regarded as an external knowledge source because of its intra- and intercity technological spillovers. Meanwhile, both foreign expansion time-based characteristics and industrial structures could affect technological upgrading, but there is a heated debate about whether they enhance FDI spillovers in host cities. In this PhD thesis, I integrate these two streams of literature into a theoretical framework, and hope to investigate how foreign expansion time-based characteristics and industrial structures moderate both intra- and intercity relationships between inward FDI and technological upgrading in Chinese cities. Moreover, I link cluster theory to FDI spillovers, and establish a theoretical model in which government and market orientations can affect knowledge transfers and disseminations between domestic and foreign firms. Overall, this research aims to extend the existing literature by bridging literature of FDI spillovers, foreign expansion process, and industrial structures from a contingency perspective. It deepens our understandings about both intra- and intercity dimensions of FDI technological spillovers in explaining host city technological upgrading. Based on specific panel datasets from the Chinese Urban Statistical Yearbooks and the Annual Industrial Survey Database, I adopt Pooled OLS and Spatial Durbin Model to explore intra- and intercity externalities of foreign expansion process and industrial structures in FDI spillovers. My results indicate that FDI spillovers contribute to both intra- and inter-city technological upgrading in China. Irregular foreign expansion process diminishes FDI spillovers within a given city, but facilitates intercity knowledge dissemination. Cities with a high degree of related variety can reap benefits from FDI technological spillovers. However, such empirical results may change between different urban groups, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Shanghai-Yangtze River Delta respectively. Therefore, the findings of this PhD thesis not only provide convincing evidence for the debate regarding the relationship between FDI and host city technological upgrading, but also highlight government and market orientations to assist with policy making in the future.

This diploma thesis deals with the technological process of production of a short reconstruction nail, which is used in fractures of the femoral neck. It is located between the hip joint and the femur. The work deals with the analysis of the problems from the point of view of medicine, developmental stages of the implant, materials used for the production of reconstruction nails and a description of individual technologies of nail production.

The master thesis is about creating technological process of production of a rotational part. The specified part is crankshaft and it is a new contract in manufacturing company. The goal is to design a CNC technology and verify the technology in production. There are used turning, milling and drilling methods in the machining process. There is a hexagon presssed in to the part, which requires a special preparation. Production requires the involvement of co-operation for nitriding surface treatment of the shaft. In the end a selling price is determined.

While the visual arts and technology development map oppositionally in our culture, there are similarities in work. Visual artists and technology developers imagine, conceptualize, design, and build artifacts and then release them into the world. As part of this work, many artists and technologists develop high levels of conceptualization, technical, and fabrication skill. While artists have always worked with industrial technologies such as paint and pigment chemistry, metalworking equipment, heavy machinery, and kilns, for example, many postindustrial artists are using high technology both as medium and highly-charged cultural material. These artists work with similar materials as technology developers: electronics, computation, robotics, bioengineering materials, and smart materials, for example. Their work often bleeds into technological development as they create new technologies and new interactions with technologies in the course of their projects. This dissertation traces the evolution of the ideas of art and technology from foundations in ancient Greece through the present. There are tensions between technological art, or art that uses high technologies as a medium, and the contemporary art world, as well as between technological art and engineering practice. This dissertation locates technological art along a spectrum between traditional fine art and engineering practice, in a third space of both artistic production and technological R&D. Through examples from my work and the work of others, I surface the dynamics of practice in this third space and how these practices can lead to emergent art and technology.

The dissertation is focused on the optimization of technological processes in the production of the outer bearing ring. The first part of the research was focused on the latest trends in the production of bearings. In the experimental part the technological processes of production were analyzed from the choice of the semi-finished product to the optimization of finishing technologies for machining the outer diameter of the bearing ring.

New technology, which has emerged as a part of the new industrial revolution, Industry 4.0, is changing the reality ofmanufacturing companies. Manufacturing companies are perplexed on which technologies to adopt in their productionprocesses, and when is the right time. This can be defined as a company’s ability to prepare for the future, andespecially, for these future technological challenges. A large part of being able to adopt these technologies into theproduction processes is related to the company’s ability to be innovative in their production processes. This is known asprocess innovation. Therefore, this thesis investigates how a production unit within a manufacturing company canmanage process innovation to prepare for future technological challenges. This purpose has been achieved by conducting a single case study, where the case company’s process innovation abilitieswere assessed, and combined with necessary tools to prepare the case company for the future. The case company chosenfor this thesis was Scania. They are a world-leading manufacturer of heavy trucks, buses, and engines. The case studyfocused on one of their productions units, which produce gearboxes and axles. The data for the study was collectedthrough qualitative interviews with members of the case company. The results indicate that the case company needs toimprove their process innovation abilities in order for them to be able to adopt new technologies in their productionprocess. They need a definition of innovation, and a strategy that includes innovation so that it is prioritized andviewed as important. Furthermore, management needs to encourage innovation, and increase their level of risk-taking sothat the culture of the case company is compatible with innovation. Finally, the results show that the case companymay need to redefine or reconsider their fundamental management principle “continuous improvement” to further givepriority to innovation in their production process. Furthermore, an overview of the necessary tools for preparing for thefuture are also covered. These are trend analysis, scenario planning, benchmarking, and technological roadmap. Usingthese four tools can help the company when making strategic decisions about the implementation of new technologies. Finally, this thesis contributes to science by providing empirical research on the topic of process innovation and gives aninteresting perspective on how it can be used to prepare for the future.

Although M&A’s have the greatest probability of failure in organizations, the major reasons for this outcome is the integration process. M&As have been a popular strategy for accessing new markets, introducing new products, expanding their knowledge base, and enhancing competitive advantage. In this study, we explore a case of technology acquisition, and we propose a theoretical framework based on literature that identifies phases in post-acquisition process. The process involves three stages: knowledge absorption, operational phase and commercial phase that is explored and evaluated with the empirical data of the case study. Then, thematic analysis was utilized in this study to identify common themes related to the role of acquisition. The related functions and benefits were grouped under acquisition roles. Since the case study was a successful acquisition, it was easy to figure out the roles and dimensions of integration from it. Both the methods contribute in addressing, the necessary phases that need to be organized with integration and deriving different functionalities to achieve common goals. Finally, we present a discussion and bring out the relationships that emerged from this study from different themes and have been mapped to stages in the post-acquisition process, resulting in outcomes from each role. Thus, this study puts an emphasis on the range of factors that create value from successful technological acquisition and conclude as post-acquisition process with integration elements is the initial pivotal position for the consequences.

This study sought to explore the pressures and reconciliations of the Technological Change associated with social media adoption at both an internal and external level through the theoretical lens of Institutional Theory. It employed a qualitative approach, utilising semi-structured interviews to gather data from various human actors internal and external to the organisation. The research process consisted of interviews with social media managers and consultants through the United Kingdom (UK), Republic of Ireland (RI) and the United States of America (USA) over a 25-month period. Findings highlighted that Institutional pressures are significant at four levels: External stakeholder, Platform, Internal stakeholder and Independent forces. This study revealed that reconciliation of Technological Change pressures can be refined into four distinctive strategies, which are both implicit or explicit in nature: non isomorphic behaviour, utilise internal capabilities, strategies and utilise external resources. Among the theoretical contributions of this thesis, is the extension of the understanding of mimetic isomorphism, as the same pressures that constrain Technological Change can assist with the reconciliation of pressures. Further, it highlights that a cohort of Institutional Entrepreneurs can work together to achieve Technological Change. It confirms the rate of innovation is not only a critical concern once the technology has been adopted but it is also a concern in the pre adoption phase. The theoretical framework developed offers a significant contribution to the existing literature highlighting that Technological Change is an ongoing process and a layer of institutional pressures must be navigated through appropriate reconciliation techniques to achieve change.

The main objective of this thesis was evaluated to existing activities in technical disposition of production. Based on lessons learned to recommend an appropriate information system and propose a methodology for implementation of the company. Design an information system is applied to the company NEDFORM Ltd., which is looking for an information system suitable for the technical dispositon of production. Proposal is based on the actual software and Hardware Company. Part of this work is design to a suitable supplier for the company.

The formulated study is focused on the analysis and quantification of the accuracy–parameters related to the abrasive process. The scope of the mentioned study deals with the identification of the abrasive process, technological influence and accuracy–parameters of abrading surfaces. In the final part of this study, there is a practical sample described with respect to the technological influence on the resulting accuracy–parameters of the abrasive process.

This diploma thesis is deal with problems of supporting applications for technologic process creation of shaft parts. Thesis contains a description of the problem of technological processes, shaft parts and supporting applications for technological pro-cesses creation of technologic process. It is also described their proposed applications, and its possible cooperation with existing systems.