Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'A-Qualité'
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Chemingui, Makram. "Conceptualisation et validation d'une échelle de mesure de la qualité des travaux d'audit externe et interne : application selon la démarche du paradigme de Churchill." Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA0001.
Full textThe traditional approach of audit quality is today unable to allow a real evaluation of the adequacy of the audit tasks realized. We believe that the control of audit quality must now repose on the adequacy of the audit programs to the risks facing the firm. The main aim of this thesis is to develop scales, for measuring internal and external audit tasks, which will enable to experiment this new evaluation approach. By considering only the "contractualist" vision of the firm, the design and validation of measurement scales are realised within the framework of an experimental protocol according to Churchill's paradigm. This approach has confirmed the reliability and validity of the majority of the scales obtained, by linking up two distinctive phases: quantitative phases based on two research questionnaires (141 respondents) and qualitative phases based on interviews with audit experts
Davot, Tom. "A la recherche de l’échafaudage parfait : efficace, de qualité et garanti." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTS030.
Full textSequencing is a process in biology that determines the order of nucleotides in the DNA. It produces a set of fragments, called reads, in which the genetic information is known. Unfortunatly, the genomic sequence is decomposed in small pieces. In order to analyse it, it is necessary to reconstruct it using a number of computer processes. In this thesis, we studied two mathematical problems arising from this sequencing: the scaffolding and the linearization.The scaffolding is a process that takes place after the reads assembly into larger subsequences called contigs. It consists in the search of paths and cycles in a particular graph called scaffold graph. These paths and cycles represent the linear and circular chromosomes of the organism whose DNA has been sequenced. The linearization is a problem related to the scaffolding. When we take into account that contigs may appear several times in the genomic sequence, some ambiguities can arise. If this ambiguities are not deleted, then a chimeric sequence may be produced by the scaffolding. To solve this problem, a solution computed by the scaffolding should be wisely deteriorated. In any case, both problems can be modelized as optimization problems in a graph.In this document, we study both problems focusing on three aspects. The first aspect consists in the study of the complexity of these problems. The second aspect consists in the development of algorithms, exact or approximate, to solve these problems. Finally, the last aspect consists in implementing and testing these algorithms to look at their behaviors on real instances
Bousquet, Eric. "Les rouges à lèvres : composition, fabrication, contrôles." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU32083.
Full textRached, Estelle. "Le devenir humain dans et pour l’incertitude : la qualité en éducation. Cas des établissements scolaires du second degré au Liban." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0091.
Full textThis thesis explores education quality by introducing the concept of "a-quality," akin to the model of "a-synthesis" (Perez, 2008). The prefix "a" is suspensive, inviting us to explore educational quality by examining it at the level of its theoretical constructs. A-quality is approached in its dual aspects of micro-attention and micro-violence in Lebanon, beset by severe crises. Our thesis aims to unveil the role of the human who interacts with others and with the environment, an overlooked aspect of quality and the sole defence against societal flux. The research question that guides this study is: What humanistic a-quality aspects can define the blind spot of school quality to address the uncertainty of the Lebanese context? We hypothesize that humanistic a-quality focuses on the holistic development of educational actors, harnesses their distinctive capacities, and cultivates an eco-emergent institution to meet the challenges in an uncertain context. Our thesis employs a mixed-methods approach, following Creswell's (2014) sequential explanatory design, combining quantitative and qualitative data. The findings reveal that a-quality is perceived more in uncertain contexts by the absence of micro-violence rather than by the presence of micro-attentions. Faced with societal shifts, educational actors appear more attuned to micro-violence than micro-attention, as harmful practices leave often indelible marks on humans. Therefore, the evolving school embeds itself in its context, becoming eco-emergent, and capable of transforming obstacles into learning opportunities and growth. It empowers educational actors with life skills, mindful of their well-being within a benevolent otherness, valuing everyone’s uniqueness within a collective intelligence (De Ketele, 2020a) serving the common good and a non-uniform world (Mutuale, 2020)
Wolf, Rémi. "Quantification de la qualité d'un geste chirurgical à partir de connaissances a priori." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00965163.
Full textWolf, Remi. "Quantification de la qualité d'un geste chirurgical à partir de connaissances a priori." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENS042/document.
Full textThe development of laparoscopic surgery has led to new challenges for surgeons, their visual and tactile perception of the operating field having been modified compared to their prior experience. Numerous devices have been designed around the surgical process in order to help the surgeon to perform the best possible intervention. These devices aim at enhancing the surgeon's perception of the operating context, optimally planning the surgical strategy, and assisting him/her during the intervention. The design of a system dedicated to the analysis of the surgical process, enabling the identification of risky situations and improving the quality of the surgery, is a major issue in the field of Computer Assisted Medical Interventions. The assessment of quality in surgery covers different aspects: the technical skills of the surgeon, as well as his/her theoretical knowledge and decision-making abilities. The objective of this thesis was to develop a technical skills assessment device for laparoscopic surgery, using a priori knowledge, suitable for the operating room's specific constraints without modifying the surgeon's environment. This assessment is based on the definition of predictive metrics for the quality of the surgery, derived from the instruments' trajectories during the procedure. The first step of this work consisted in the implementation of an instrument tracking method, based on endoscopic images without addition of any markers, in order to retrieve the 3D position of the instrument's tip inside the abdominal cavity during the surgical procedure. This tracking combines geometric models of the camera, the instrument and its orientation, with statistical models describing the evolutions of the latter. This method allows for simultaneous off-line tracking of multiple instruments within a training bench environment. The second step consisted in the extraction, from these trajectories, of predictive metrics for the assessment of the technical skills of the surgeon, using partial least squares regression and k-means classifiers. Several new metrics were identified, relating to the coordination of the surgeon's hands and the optimization of his/her workspace. This device is intended to be integrated in a more general system, in order to provide the surgeon with context-aware information regarding the surgical process, for example by merging data obtained from the trajectory with per-operative multi-modal image data
Chatelain, Pierre. "Quality-driven control of a robotized ultrasound probe." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S092/document.
Full textThe robotic guidance of an ultrasound probe has been extensively studied as a way to assist sonographers in performing an exam. In particular, ultrasound-based visual servoing methods have been developed to fulfill various tasks, such as compensating for physiological motion, maintaining the visibility of an anatomic target during teleoperation, or tracking a surgical instrument. However, due to the specific nature of ultrasound images, guaranteeing a good image quality during the procedure remains an unaddressed challenge. This thesis deals with the control of ultrasound image quality for a robot-held ultrasound probe. The ultrasound signal quality within the image is represented by a confidence map, which is used to design a servo control law for optimizing the placement of the ultrasound probe. A control fusion is also proposed to optimize the acoustic window for a specific anatomical target which is tracked in the ultrasound images. The method is illustrated in a teleoperation scenario, where the control is shared between the automatic controller and a human operator
Tisné, Séverine. "Qualité de vie d'une population de sujets âgés vivant à domicile dans l'année suivant un séjour en service de réhabilitation gériatrique." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2M046.
Full textBoujija, Abdelaziz. "Contribution a l'analyse de l'influence des paramètres morphologiques des matériaux fibreux sur la qualité des produits en filature." Mulhouse, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MULH0269.
Full textPanjeta, Alvin. "Expérimenter la qualité à l'université : une approche pragmatiste des processus de médiation instrumentée." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2019. http://faraway.parisnanterre.fr/login?url=http://www.harmatheque.com/ebook/experimenter-la-qualite-a-l-universite-de-la-conformite-aux-normes-techniques-au-potentiel-des-surprises-bureaucratiques-74903.
Full textBased on a case study relating to the implementation of a quality program within a French university administrative activities, the dissertation explores the recent managerialization of the public sector. Following a clearly processual approach to organizations as well as a narrative and semiotic approach to instrumentation, the dissertation, on the one hand, relates the dazzles and surprises of the implementation of a representational engineering of complex systems, and on the other, attempts to capture the moments and movements that characterize the constant evolution of the quality program.Analyzing the managerial situations through the pragmatist concepts such as inquiry, valuation, semiosis and experimentalism sheds new light on organizational change. Indeed, while management instrumentation aims at bringing reality under control and reducing uncertainty, the case study shows that it nonetheless cannot but give rise to organizational surprises. The instrumental plasticity and plurivalence thus reveal their heuristic value, and their potential for reimagining the joint action. The pragmatist philosophy helps make it clear that organizational patterns are fundamentally transitional and uncertain, constantly subject to semiotic drifting, transforming the primary goals into means for new goals. This approach goes together with making the indeterminacy a central part of understanding the organizational processes, and with considering performance issues as experience ones
Guo, Fangfang. "Development of a model for controlling indoor air quality." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAH011/document.
Full textThis study consisted in the study of indoor air quality with INCA-Indoor model, and especially the development of a fast methodology to identify the most sensitive parameters influencing indoor air quality. The methodology is based on a sensitivity program INCA-Indoor-D, which was built to identify the most important parameters affecting pollutant concentrations. With measurement data from MERMAID (2014-2015), it is intended to continue to evaluate the INCA-Indoor model, which was used to analyze the indoor air quality of a low energy building. The first application of the sensitivity program INCA-Indoor-D is performed to develop a comprehensive sensitivity analysis of indoor [OH] with respect to diverse parameters. Sensitivity has been settled with a classification of the parameters. The results in this study provide useful information about roles of different processes controlling indoor air quality and the effects of different parameters on indoor pollutant concentrations
Berti-Équille, Laure. "La qualité des données et leur recommandation : modèle conceptuel, formalisation et application a la veille technologique." Toulon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUL0008.
Full textTechnological Watch activities are focused on information qualification and validation by human expertise. As a matter of facf, none of these systems can provide (nor assist) a critical and qualitative analysis of data they store and manage- Most of information systems store data (1) whose source is usually unique, not known or not identified/authenticated (2) whose quality is unequal and/or ignored. In practice, several data may describe the same entity in the real world with contradictory values and their relative quality may be comparatively evaluated. Many techniques for data cleansing and editing exist for detecting some errors in database but it is determinant to know which data have bad quality and to use the benefit of a qualitative expert judgment on data, which is complementary to quantitative and statistical data analysis. My contribution is to provide a multi-source perspective to data quality, to introduce and to define the concepts of multi-source database (MSDB) and multi-source data quality (MSDQ). My approach was to analyze the wide panorama of research in the literature whose problematic have some analogies with technological watch problematic. The main objective of my work was to design and to provide a storage environment for managing textual information sources, (more or less contradictory) data that are extracted from the textual content and their quality mcta-data. My work was centered on proposing : the methodology to guide step-by-step a project for data quality in a multi-source information context, the conceptual modeling of a multi-source database (MSDB) for managing data sources, multi-source data and their quality meta-data and proposing mechanisms for multi-criteria data recommendation ; the formalization of the QMSD data model (Quality of Multi-Source Data) which describes multi-source data, their quality meta-data and the set of operations for manipulating them ; the development of the sQuaL prototype for implementing and validating my propositions. In the long term, the perspectives are to develop a specific dccisional information system extending classical functionalities for (1) managing multi-source data (2) taking into account their quality meta-data and (3) proposing data-quality-based recommendation as query results. The ambition is to develop the concept of "introspective information system" ; that is to say, an information system thai is active and reactive concerning the quality of its own data
Do, Tuan Anh. "A quality-centered approach for web application engineering." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1201/document.
Full textWeb application developers are not all experts. Even if they use methods such as UWE (UML web engineering) and CASE tools, they are not always able to make good decisions regarding the content of the web application, the navigation schema, and/or the presentation of information. Literature provides them with many guidelines for these tasks. However this knowledge is disseminated in many sources and not structured. In this dissertation, we perform a knowledge capitalization of all these guidelines. The contribution is threefold: (i) we propose a meta-model allowing a rich representation of these guidelines, (ii) we propose a grammar enabling the description of existing guidelines, (iii) based on this grammar, we developed a guideline management tool. We enrich the UWE method with this knowledge base leading to a quality based approach. Thus, our tool enriches existing UWE-based Computer Aided Software Engineering prototypes with ad hoc guidance
Kurda, Reben. "Cooperation strategies for inter-cell interference mitigation in OFDMA systems." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112032/document.
Full textRecently the use of modern cellular networks has drastically changed with the emerging Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) technology. Homogeneous networks which were initially designed for voice-centric and low data rates face unprecedented challenges for meeting the increasing traffic demands of high data-driven applications and their important quality of service requirements. Therefore, these networks are moving towards the so called Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets). HetNets represent a new paradigm for cellular networks as their nodes have different characteristics such as transmission power and radio frequency coverage area. Consequently, a HetNet shows completely different interference characteristics compared to homogeneous deployment and attention must be paid to these disparities when different tiers are collocated together. This is mostly due to the potential spectrum frequency reuse by the involved tiers in the HetNets. Hence, efficient inter-cell interference mitigation solutions in co-channel deployments of HetNets remain a challenge for both industry and academic researchers. This thesis focuses on LTE-A HetNet systems which are based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Access (OFDMA) modulation. Our aim is to investigate the aggressive interference issue that appears when different types of base stations are jointly deployed together and especially in two cases, namely Macro-Femtocells and Macro-Picocells co-existence. We propose new practical power adjustment solutions for managing inter-cell interference dynamically for both cases. In the first part dedicated to Femtocells and Macrocell coexistence, we design a MBS-assisted femtocell power adjustment strategy which takes into account femtocells users performance while mitigating the inter-cell interference on victim macrocell users. Further, we propose a new cooperative and context-aware interference mitigation method which is derived for realistic scenarios involving mobility of users and their varying locations. We proved numerically that the Femtocells are able to maintain their interference under a desirable threshold by adjusting their transmission power. Our strategies provide an efficient means for achieving the desired level of macrocell/femtocell throughput trade-off. In the second part of the studies where Picocells are deployed under the umbrella of the Macrocell, we paid a special attention and efforts to the interference management in the situation where Picocells are configured to set up a cell range expansion. We suggest a MBS-assisted collaborative scheme powered by an analytical model to predict the mobility of Macrocell users passing through the cell range expansion area of the picocell. Our goal is to adapt the muting ratio ruling the frequency resource partitioning between both tiers according to the mobility behavior of the range-expanded users, thereby providing an efficient trade-off between Macrocell and Picocell achievable throughputs
Moosavi, Askari Reza, and Askari Reza Moosavi. "A quality control tool for HDR prostate brachytherapy based on patient-specific geometry and stochastic frontier analysis." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37078.
Full textCette étude porte sur le développement d’un outil de contrôle qualité basé sur l’expérience, dérivé du concept de frontière stochastique en économie et s’appuyant sur des connaissances géométriques spécifiques au patient pour améliorer la qualité des traitements de curiethérapie à haut débit de dose pour le cancer de la prostate. Cent plans cliniques de curiethérapie à haut débit de dose de la prostate ont été utilisés dans cette étude, dans laquelle l’échographie transrectale était la seule modalité d’imagerie. Une fraction unique de 15 Gy a était prescrite à tous ces patients. Un algorithme de recuit simulé de planification inverse a été appliqué pour réaliser tous les plans et Oncentra Prostate a été employé comme système d’imagerie et de planification du traitement en temps réel. Les recommandations relatives aux paramètres de dose de la société américaine de curiethérapie pour la cible et les organes à risque ont été suivies. Les relations entre les paramètres géométriques et les paramètres dosimétriques d’intérêt sont examinées. Les paramètres géométriques sont liés aux dimensions anatomiques des patients et ceux associés aux cathéters. Pour déterminer les paramètres géométriques dominants dans un modèle de frontière stochastique donné, les relations monotones entre les paramètres géométriqueset les paramètres dosimétriques d’intérêt sont mesurées avec une approche non paramétrique, à savoir le coefficient de corrélation de Spearman. Ensuite, une recherche de force brute est effectuée pour un modèle donné dans lequel différents modèles, incluant toutes les combinaisons possibles des paramètres géométriques dominantes, sont optimisés. L’optimisation est accomplie en utilisant une méthode de vraisemblance maximale implémentée dans le progiciel de calcul statistique R, avec son algorithme de recuit simulée généralisée. Le test du rapport de vraisemblance et sa valeur-p correspondante sont utilisés pour comparer la signification statistique de l’ajout de nouveaux paramètres géométriques aux modèles. Un modèle de production pour la cible et un modèle de coût pour chacun des organes à risque sont développés pour le traitement par curiethérapie à haut débit de dose guidé par l’échographie transrectale. De plus, pour valider si chacun des modèles développés est universel, nous l’appliquons à une autre catégorie de traitement de la curiethérapie à haut débit de dose, dans laquelle la tomodensitométrie était utilisée comme modalité d’imagerie plutôt que de l’échographie transrectale. Ainsi, une nouvelle cohorte de cent plans cliniques curiethérapie à haut débit de dose guidés par la tomodensitométrie est prise en compte. Un modèle de frontière stochastique de production pour la cible et trois modèles de coût pour les organes à risque basés sur la tomodensitométrie sont développés. Enfin, les modèles intégrés de la tomodensitométrie et de l’échographie transrectale sont comparés.
This thesis focuses on developing an experience-based quality control (QC) tool, derived from the concept of stochastic frontier (SF) analysis in economics and based on patient-specific geometric knowledge to improve the quality of the high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) treatment for prostate cancer. One hundred clinical HDR prostate BT plans, using the transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) asthe only imaging modality, all treated with a single fraction of 15 Gy, and made using Inverse PlanningSimulated Annealing (IPSA) algorithm, are studied. Also, Oncentra Prostate system is employed as the real-time 3D prostate imaging and treatment planning system. American Brachytherapy Society dose parameter recommendations for target and organs at risk (OARs) were followed. Relationships between all the different geometric parameters (GPs) and the four dosimetric parameters (DPs) V100 of the prostate, V75 of the bladder and rectum, and D10 of the urethra were examined. Geometricinformation of the patients and catheters are considered as different GPs. To find the dominant GPs in a given SF model, monotonic relationships between the GPs and DPs of interest are measured using a nonparametric approach: the Spearman correlation coefficient. Then, to determine the optimal SF model for each of the target production SF, and the OARs cost SF models, brute-force searches are performed. Different SF models including all the possible combinations of the dominant GPs in the SF model under study are optimized. Optimization is done using a maximum likelihood method implemented in the statistical computing package R, along with its Generalized Simulated Annealing algorithm. The likelihood ratio test and its corresponding p-value are used to compare the statistical significance of adding new GPs to SF models. A production SF (PSF) model for the target, and a costSF (CSF) model for each of the bladder, rectum, and urethra are developed for TRUS-guided HDR-BTtreatment. The difference between the dose value of a plan obtained by IPSA and the one predicted by an SF model is explored. Additionally, to verify if each of the models developed for the TRUS-guided category of the HDR-BT treatment for prostate is universal, we apply it on another category of HDR-BT treatment, in which computed tomography (CT) was used as the imaging modality. So, a different cohort of one hundred clinical CT-guided HDR-BT plans is taken into consideration. A target production SF and three OARs cost SF models are developed for the CT-based plans. Subsequently, the built-in SF models for the TRUS-based and CT-based plans are compared.
This thesis focuses on developing an experience-based quality control (QC) tool, derived from the concept of stochastic frontier (SF) analysis in economics and based on patient-specific geometric knowledge to improve the quality of the high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) treatment for prostate cancer. One hundred clinical HDR prostate BT plans, using the transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) asthe only imaging modality, all treated with a single fraction of 15 Gy, and made using Inverse PlanningSimulated Annealing (IPSA) algorithm, are studied. Also, Oncentra Prostate system is employed as the real-time 3D prostate imaging and treatment planning system. American Brachytherapy Society dose parameter recommendations for target and organs at risk (OARs) were followed. Relationships between all the different geometric parameters (GPs) and the four dosimetric parameters (DPs) V100 of the prostate, V75 of the bladder and rectum, and D10 of the urethra were examined. Geometricinformation of the patients and catheters are considered as different GPs. To find the dominant GPs in a given SF model, monotonic relationships between the GPs and DPs of interest are measured using a nonparametric approach: the Spearman correlation coefficient. Then, to determine the optimal SF model for each of the target production SF, and the OARs cost SF models, brute-force searches are performed. Different SF models including all the possible combinations of the dominant GPs in the SF model under study are optimized. Optimization is done using a maximum likelihood method implemented in the statistical computing package R, along with its Generalized Simulated Annealing algorithm. The likelihood ratio test and its corresponding p-value are used to compare the statistical significance of adding new GPs to SF models. A production SF (PSF) model for the target, and a costSF (CSF) model for each of the bladder, rectum, and urethra are developed for TRUS-guided HDR-BTtreatment. The difference between the dose value of a plan obtained by IPSA and the one predicted by an SF model is explored. Additionally, to verify if each of the models developed for the TRUS-guided category of the HDR-BT treatment for prostate is universal, we apply it on another category of HDR-BT treatment, in which computed tomography (CT) was used as the imaging modality. So, a different cohort of one hundred clinical CT-guided HDR-BT plans is taken into consideration. A target production SF and three OARs cost SF models are developed for the CT-based plans. Subsequently, the built-in SF models for the TRUS-based and CT-based plans are compared.
Li, Ge. "Contrôle des applications fondé sur la qualité de service pour les plate-formes logicielles dématérialisées (Cloud)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAA018/document.
Full textCloud computing is a new computing model. Infrastructure, application and data are moved from local machines to internet and provided as services. Cloud users, such as application owners, can greatly save budgets from the elasticity feature, which refers to the “pay as you go” and on-demand characteristics, of cloud service. The goal of this thesis is to manage the Quality of Service (QoS) for applications running in cloud environments Cloud services provide application owners with great flexibility to assign “suitable” amount of resources according to the changing needs, for example caused by fluctuating request rate. “Suitable” or not needs to be clearly documented in Service Level Agreements (SLA) if this resource demanding task is hosted in a third party, such as a Platform as a Service (PaaS) provider. In this thesis, we propose and formally describe PSLA, which is a SLA description language for PaaS. PSLA is based on WS-Agreement, which is extendable and widely accepted as a SLA description language. Before signing the SLA contract, negotiations are unavoidable. During negotiations, the PaaS provider needs to evaluate if the SLA drafts are feasible or not. These evaluations are based on the analysis of the behavior of the application deployed in the cloud infrastructure, for instance throughput of served requests, response time, etc. Therefore, application dependent analysis, such as benchmark, is needed. Benchmarks are relatively costly and precise feasibility study usually imply large amount of benchmarks. In this thesis, we propose a benchmark based SLA feasibility study method to evaluate whether or not a SLA expressed in PSLA, including QoS targets, resource constraints, cost constraints and workload constraints can be achieved. This method makes tradeoff between the accuracy of a SLA feasibility study and benchmark costs. The intermediate of this benchmark based feasibility study process will be used as the workload-resource mapping model of our runtime control method. When application is running in a cloud infrastructure, the scalability feature of cloud infrastructures allows us to allocate and release resources according to changing needs. These resource provisioning activities are named runtime control. We propose the Runtime Control method based onSchedule, REactive and PROactive methods (RCSREPRO). Changing needs are mainly caused by the fluctuating workload for majority of the applications running in the cloud. The detailed workload information, for example the request arrival rates at scheduled points in time, is difficult to be known before running the application. Moreover, workload information listed in PSLA is too rough to give a fitted resource provisioning schedule before runtime. Therefore, runtime control decisions are needed to be performed in real time. Since resource provisioning actions usually require several minutes, RCSREPRO performs a proactive runtime control which means that it predicts future needs and assign resources in advance to have them ready when they are needed. Hence, prediction of the workload and workload-resource mapping are two problems involved in proactive runtime control. The workload-resource mapping model, which is initially derived from benchmarks in SLA feasibility study is continuously improved in a feedback way at runtime, increasing the accuracy of the control.To sum up, we contribute with three aspects to the QoS management of application running in the cloud: creation of PSLA, a PaaS level SLA description language; proposal of a benchmark based SLA feasibility study method; proposal of a runtime control method, RCSREPRO, to ensure the SLA when the application is running. The work described in this thesis is motivated and funded by the FSN OpenCloudware project (www.opencloudware.org)
Gros, Raphaël. "Fonctionnement et qualité des sols soumis à des perturbations d'origine anthropique : réponses du sol, de la flore, de la microflore bactérienne tellurique." Chambéry, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CHAMS027.
Full textLefebvre, Frederic. "Gestion de la qualité des bâtiments en phase de conception dans un système de C. A. O." Chambéry, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CHAM5009.
Full textWang, Yiguo. "A new air quality modelling approach at the regional scale using lidar data assimilation." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/95/75/23/PDF/these_wangy.pdf.
Full textAssimilation of lidar observations for air quality modelling is investigated via the development of a new model, which assimilates ground-based lidar network measurements using optimal interpolation (OI) in a chemistry transport model. First, a tool for assimilating PM10 (particulate matter with a diameter lower than 10 um) concentration measurements on the vertical is developed in the air quality modelling platform POLYPHEMUS. It is applied to western Europe for one month from 15 July to 15 August 2001 to investigate the potential impact of future ground-based lidar networks on analysis and short-term forecasts (the description of the future) of PM10. The efficiency of assimilating lidar network measurements is compared to the efficiency of assimilating concentration measurements from the AirBase ground network, which includes about 500 stations in western Europe. A sensitivity study on the number and location of required lidars is also performed to help define an optimal lidar network for PM10 forecasts. Secondly, a new model for simulating normalised lidar signals (PR2) is developed and integrated in POLYPHEMUS. Simulated lidar signals are compared to hourly ground-based mobile and in-situ lidar observations performed during the MEGAPOLI (Megacities : Emissions, urban, regional and Global Atmospheric POLlution and climate effects, and Integrated tools for assessment and mitigation) summer experiment in July 2009. It is found that the model correctly reproduces the vertical distribution of aerosol optical properties and their temporal variability. Additionally, two new algorithms for assimilating lidar signals are presented and evaluated during MEGAPOLI. The aerosol simulations without and with lidar data assimilation are evaluated using the AIRPARIF (a regional operational network in charge of air quality survey around the Paris area) database to demonstrate the feasibility and the usefulness of assimilating lidar profiles for aerosol forecasts. Finally, POLYPHEMUS with the model for assimilating lidar signals is applied to the Mediterranean basin, where 9 ground-based lidar stations from the ACTRIS/EARLINET network and 1 lidar station in Corsica performed a 72-hour period of intensive and continuous measurements in July 2012. Several parameters of the assimilation system are also studied to better estimate the spatial and temporal influence of the assimilation of lidar signals on aerosol forecasts
Do, Tuan Anh. "A quality-centered approach for web application engineering." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1201.
Full textWeb application developers are not all experts. Even if they use methods such as UWE (UML web engineering) and CASE tools, they are not always able to make good decisions regarding the content of the web application, the navigation schema, and/or the presentation of information. Literature provides them with many guidelines for these tasks. However this knowledge is disseminated in many sources and not structured. In this dissertation, we perform a knowledge capitalization of all these guidelines. The contribution is threefold: (i) we propose a meta-model allowing a rich representation of these guidelines, (ii) we propose a grammar enabling the description of existing guidelines, (iii) based on this grammar, we developed a guideline management tool. We enrich the UWE method with this knowledge base leading to a quality based approach. Thus, our tool enriches existing UWE-based Computer Aided Software Engineering prototypes with ad hoc guidance
Garduno, Barrera David Rafael. "A differentiated quality of service oriented multimedia multicast protocol." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7383/1/gardunobarrera.pdf.
Full textGarduno, Barrera David Rafael. "A differentiated quality of service oriented multimedia multicast protocol." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://hal.science/tel-00009582.
Full textModern multimedia (MM) communication systems aim to provide new services such as multicast (MC) communication. But the rising of new very different MM capable devices and the growing number of clients drive to new requirements for mechanisms and protocols. In a MM communication, there are some flows that have constraints different from others and the required QoS for each flow is not the same. Furthermore, in MC communications, all the users do not want or are not able to receive the same QoS. These constraints imply that new communication mechanisms have to take into account the user requirements in order to provide an ad hoc service to each user and to avoid wasting the network resources. This dissertation proposes a new differentiated QoS multicast architecture, based on client/server proxies, called M-FPTP, which relays many MC LANs by single partially reliable links. This architecture provides a different QoS to each LAN depending on the users requirements. For doing so, it is also provided a network model called Hierarchized Graph (HG) which represents at the same time the network performances and the users QoS constraints. Nevertheless, the application of standard tree creation methods on an HG can lead to source overloading problems. It is then proposed a new algorithm called Degree-Bounded Shortest-Path-Tree (DgB-SPT) which solves this problem. However, the deployment of such a service needs a new protocol in order to collect users requirements and correctly deploy the proxies. This protocol is called Simple Session Protocol for QoS MC (SSP-QoM). The proposed solutions have been modeled, verified, validated and tested by using UML 2. 0 and TAU G2 CASE tool
Moosavi, Askari Reza. "A quality control tool for HDR prostate brachytherapy based on patient-specific geometry and stochastic frontier analysis." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37078.
Full textThis thesis focuses on developing an experience-based quality control (QC) tool, derived from the concept of stochastic frontier (SF) analysis in economics and based on patient-specific geometric knowledge to improve the quality of the high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) treatment for prostate cancer. One hundred clinical HDR prostate BT plans, using the transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) asthe only imaging modality, all treated with a single fraction of 15 Gy, and made using Inverse PlanningSimulated Annealing (IPSA) algorithm, are studied. Also, Oncentra Prostate system is employed as the real-time 3D prostate imaging and treatment planning system. American Brachytherapy Society dose parameter recommendations for target and organs at risk (OARs) were followed. Relationships between all the different geometric parameters (GPs) and the four dosimetric parameters (DPs) V100 of the prostate, V75 of the bladder and rectum, and D10 of the urethra were examined. Geometricinformation of the patients and catheters are considered as different GPs. To find the dominant GPs in a given SF model, monotonic relationships between the GPs and DPs of interest are measured using a nonparametric approach: the Spearman correlation coefficient. Then, to determine the optimal SF model for each of the target production SF, and the OARs cost SF models, brute-force searches are performed. Different SF models including all the possible combinations of the dominant GPs in the SF model under study are optimized. Optimization is done using a maximum likelihood method implemented in the statistical computing package R, along with its Generalized Simulated Annealing algorithm. The likelihood ratio test and its corresponding p-value are used to compare the statistical significance of adding new GPs to SF models. A production SF (PSF) model for the target, and a costSF (CSF) model for each of the bladder, rectum, and urethra are developed for TRUS-guided HDR-BTtreatment. The difference between the dose value of a plan obtained by IPSA and the one predicted by an SF model is explored. Additionally, to verify if each of the models developed for the TRUS-guided category of the HDR-BT treatment for prostate is universal, we apply it on another category of HDR-BT treatment, in which computed tomography (CT) was used as the imaging modality. So, a different cohort of one hundred clinical CT-guided HDR-BT plans is taken into consideration. A target production SF and three OARs cost SF models are developed for the CT-based plans. Subsequently, the built-in SF models for the TRUS-based and CT-based plans are compared.
Pretot, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Air quality improvement in closed or semi-closed areas with a minimal energy consumption." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDN0023.
Full textAir quality is a key factor regardinghuman health. Indoor air pollutants are numerousand have different characteristics and behavior.Solutions to treat these pollutants already existbut energy consumption or maintenance are keypoints and optimization for each case is required.In this PhD thesis, simulation methods areproposed for this with real time simulation astarget.Based on literature review, particles linked withtrain activity are the main problematic insidesubterranean train stations. Due to its specificity,they are treated separately from other indoorvolumes and a 1D approach is used here. Basedon a differential equations set using physicalparameters like air and train velocities, the dailyparticles concentrations for different particlessize classes are well reproduced for two studycases. The 1D discretization allow then toimplement depollution solutions along theplatforms for evaluation. The method givespretty good results compared to measurementsand each configuration is evaluated in less thana minute.An FFD method allowing transient simulations isthen evaluated for other indoor environments.The main objective here is to evaluate theairflow modelling accuracy for a real timesimulation. Indeed, pollutant behavior highlydepends on airflow. After a first evaluation, theFFD method using coarse mesh grid seems tobe accurate enough based on comparison withstandard Computational Fluid Dynamics to beused as tool for optimization of depollutionsolution but deeper analysis is needed
Lier, Luc Van. "A general equilibrium approach to the quality of working life." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213571.
Full textRemenaric, Hajak Mateja. "Study of ribonucleoprotein particle biogenesis and quality control by a novel technique using bacterial Rho factor as a tool." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2013/document.
Full textIn eukaryotes, the genetic information is transcribed into messenger RNA which undergoes various processing and assembly events prior to its export from the nucleus. These transcript modifications are performed by numerous protein factors recruited to the nascent transcript, thus making a messenger ribonucleoprotein particle (mRNP). mRNP biogenesis is tightly interconnected with both transcription and quality control to ensure efficiency and accuracy in production of mature mRNPs. Recent findings suggest that members of THO-Sub2 complex might be crucial factors in coupling transcription, mRNP biogenesis and export. In our group, we have implemented an innovative assay to study mRNP biogenesis and quality control, based on the expression of the bacterial factor Rho in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Rho interferes with proper mRNP assembly and generates aberrant transcripts degraded by the nuclear degradation machinery. In this study, we use Rho experimental system to expand our findings on Rrp6 and exosome involvement in quality control degradation of transcripts, as well as to better characterize the role and function of THO-Sub2 complex in the process of mRNP biogenesis. Obtained results reveal an interesting difference in behavior of THO complex members upon Rho action and disclose their dependence on binding to the RNA, which could not be observed by other experimental techniques. This substantiates the expected potential of Rho-based experimental system in the study of protein factors involved in mRNP biogenesis and quality control
Gong, Qifeng. "Quality, satisfaction and loyalty : a comparison of SERVQUAL and SERVPERF for educational service in China." Grenoble 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE21043.
Full textDuring the past three decades, Chinese economy has enjoyed a rapid growth. With the great development of the economy, the educational investment also increases dramatically. For the schools. How to manage the educational service quality, satisfaction and loyalty is the key problem. Other problems include how to measure the service quality and how to upgrade that, which factors are important to educational service, and etc. Under this background, this thesis focuses on the comparison of the two service quality measurement methods, SERVQUAL and SERVPERF, and on the comparison of their effects on explaining and predicting students' satisfaction and their loyalty. In this thesis, a total of 332 students of a typical training school, selected randomly from Mar. 1. 2008 to Apr. L5. 2008, participated in the formal survey. They were interviewed in the A classroom and 282 questionnaires were collected, among which 255 were qualified. The research reaches the following conclusions: 1) it is verified that the reliability and validity of SERVPERF is much better than of SERVQUAL; 2) it is verified that there are significant differences in service quality measured by SERVQUAL and by SERVPERF. 3) it is verified that educational service quality positively and significantly influences the students' satisfaction, But for the comparison between SERVQUAL and SERVPERF, the latter is significantly superior to the former in explaining and predicting the students satisfaction, 4) it is verified that educational service quality positively and significantly influences the students’ loyalty. But also for the comparison, SERVPERF is significantly superior to SERVQUAL in explaining and predicting the students’ loyalty. 5) the study finds educational service quality is the key factor, which directly i determines students’ satisfaction and directly/indirectly impacts loyalty. And the role of satisfaction is a partial mediator in the inluence of percevied service quality on loyalty
Mushtaq, Muhammad Sajid. "Apport de la Qualité de l’Expérience dans l’optimisation de services multimédia : application à la diffusion de la vidéo et à la VoIP." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1025/document.
Full textThe emerging and fast growth of multimedia services have created new challenges for network service providers in order to guarantee the best user's Quality of Experience (QoE) in diverse networks with distinctive access technologies. Usually, various methods and techniques are used to predict the user satisfaction level by studying the combined impact of numerous factors. In this thesis, we consider two important multimedia services to evaluate the user perception, which are: video streaming service, and VoIP. This study investigates user's QoE that follows three directions: (1) methodologies for subjective QoE assessment of video services, (2) regulating user's QoE using video a rate adaptive algorithm, and (3) QoE-based power efficient resource allocation methods for Long Term Evaluation-Advanced (LTE-A) for VoIP. Initially, we describe two subjective methods to collect the dataset for assessing the user's QoE. The subjectively collected dataset is used to investigate the influence of different parameters (e.g. QoS, video types, user profile, etc.) on user satisfaction while using the video services. Later, we propose a client-based HTTP rate adaptive video streaming algorithm over TCP protocol to regulate the user's QoE. The proposed method considers three Quality of Service (QoS) parameters that govern the user perception, which are: Bandwidth, Buffer, and dropped Frame rate (BBF). The BBF method dynamically selects the suitable video quality according to network conditions and user's device properties. Lastly, we propose a QoE driven downlink scheduling method, i.e. QoE Power Escient Method (QEPEM) for LTE-A. It esciently allocates the radio resources, and optimizes the use of User Equipment (UE) power utilizing the Discontinuous Reception (DRX) method in LTE-A
Carette, Pierre. "Développement d’un programme multifactoriel de prévention à domicile des facteurs de risque de chute des personnes âgées : évaluation de l’efficacité du programme et de l’apport de la posturographie." Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT1408.
Full textIntroduction: Falls have become a major public health problem in industrialized countries with an ageing population. It has been estimated that one third of the population over 65 years experience one or more falls per year. Fall consequences may be traumatic, psychological, economical and/or social. It is well-known the aetiology of falling is multifactorial and falls risk factors are quite numerous. Therefore in other to be effective in prevention it would be logical to develop intervention that would include a multifactorial approach. In this context, it seems also reasonable to include postural control assessment in such program. Aim: To develop a multidisciplinary/multisensory intervention program to prevent falls in elderly subjects. Design, subjects and methods: Randomized intervention with a multidisciplinary/multisensory approach including assessment of postural control vs a control group in 80 elderly subjects living at home. The follow was for twelve months. The main criterion of judgment was the fall. Other criteria were the postural control and the quality of life. Results: After one year, a significant decrease in the number of fallers was detected in the group that followed the intervention program when compared with the control group (from xx to 19. 5% vs xx to 90% of fallers, respectively). Postural control and quality of life also significantly increased in the former group when compared with the latter one. Discussion/Conclusion: Our approach was effective and our multidisciplinary/multisensory and individualized prevention program should now be investigated on a larger scale (e. G. Multicentric study) to determine its global efficiency including economical aspects
Behmel, Sonja, and Sonja Behmel. "Intelligent decision support system to optimize, manage and plan water quality monitoring programs based on a participative approach." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29903.
Full textTableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2017-2018
Cette thèse s’intéresse au développement d’un système intelligent d’aide à la décision (SIAD) destiné à la conception, à la gestion et à l’optimisation des programmes de suivi de la qualité de l’eau (PSQE). Toute son originalité repose sur le fait qu’elle aborde la question dans une perspective holistique qui se traduit par le développement d’une approche participative dans le but de déterminer les besoins en connaissances sur la qualité et la quantité de l’eau sur lesquels se base le SIAD pour assister les gestionnaires de PSQE à toutes les étapes de la planification, de la gestion et de l’optimisation d’un PSQE. ...
Cette thèse s’intéresse au développement d’un système intelligent d’aide à la décision (SIAD) destiné à la conception, à la gestion et à l’optimisation des programmes de suivi de la qualité de l’eau (PSQE). Toute son originalité repose sur le fait qu’elle aborde la question dans une perspective holistique qui se traduit par le développement d’une approche participative dans le but de déterminer les besoins en connaissances sur la qualité et la quantité de l’eau sur lesquels se base le SIAD pour assister les gestionnaires de PSQE à toutes les étapes de la planification, de la gestion et de l’optimisation d’un PSQE. ...
This thesis focuses on the development of an intelligent decision-support system (IDSS) to plan, manage and optimize water quality monitoring programs (WQMPs). The main originality of this thesis is to have approached thequestion of planning, managing and optimizing WQMPs in a holistic manner. The holistic approach transcends into the developing of a participative approach to identify knowledge needs on water quality and quantity to feed an IDSS which assists WQMP managers in every aspect of planning, managing and optimizing WQMPs. ...
This thesis focuses on the development of an intelligent decision-support system (IDSS) to plan, manage and optimize water quality monitoring programs (WQMPs). The main originality of this thesis is to have approached thequestion of planning, managing and optimizing WQMPs in a holistic manner. The holistic approach transcends into the developing of a participative approach to identify knowledge needs on water quality and quantity to feed an IDSS which assists WQMP managers in every aspect of planning, managing and optimizing WQMPs. ...
Sabadie, William. "CONTRIBUTION A LA MESURE DE LA QUALITE PERÇUE D'UN SERVICE PUBLIC." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences Sociales - Toulouse I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00467913.
Full textGomez, montalvo Jorge. "A Multimedia Ontology-Driven Architecture for Autonomic Quality of Service Management in Home Networks." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAT0017/document.
Full textIn the current context of the Internet, a major research challenge is to enable applications and users to have their communications systems with an optimal quality of service (QoS). Indeed, QoS provisioning should take into account the available machine and network resources, which capacities and performances are heterogeneous, variable, and not known in advance. The optimal QoS provisioning for the future autonomous communication systems requires the characterization of available services and communication resources and also taking into account the expressions of needs and preferences of different actors in the system (users, service providers, etc.). The subject of this thesis deals with the definition of a QoS ontology-based semantic framework for the characterization of network resources and communication services in order to provide better QoS according to the needs and preferences of users. This framewor! k will be used in the definition of objectives and QoS constraints as well as in the development of decision models in order to provide QoS for autonomous communication systems located in the context of home networks
Javed, Fahim. "Auditor Gender and Audit Quality in a Joint Audit Setting." Thesis, Le Mans, 2020. http://cyberdoc-int.univ-lemans.fr/Theses/2020/2020LEMA2003.pdf.
Full textIn the context of rapidly increasing interest of regulators, legislators and academic research in the identity of audit engagement partners, this dissertation explores French mandatory joint audit environment where firms preparing consolidated financial statements are jointly audited by two independent audit firms. The composition of joint audit partners may include same gender audit partners (two male, two female) or gender-diverse audit partners (one male and one female). This dissertation aims to examine whether gender-diverse audit partners provide higher audit quality compared with same gender audit partners. We argue that gender-diverse engagement partners are more likely to promote effective monitoring and collaborative behavior with regard to audit process and may positively influence audit quality. We investigate the issue of audit quality by examining input- and output-based measures, namely, audit fees and discretionary accruals. We use data on French listed firms and apply appropriate econometrical procedures to alleviate concerns about endogeneity issues. The empirical findings show that gender-diverse audit partners charge 11% audit fee premium and their clients exhibit lower levels of absolute and signed discretionary accruals. Collectively, we provide considerable evidence that gender-diverse audit partners produce higher-quality audits. In the aftermath of gender quota legislation, the current dissertation also examines whether gender profile of audit clients affect the selection/assignment of gender-diverse audit partners. Contrary to the gender similarity (homophily) argument—based on comprehensive analyses of client-partner gender alignments—we provide compelling evidence that that female directors appointed to monitoring positions on the board, compared to female inside directors, tend to select higher quality “auditor pairs” (i.e., gender-diverse engagement partners)
GARDUNO, BARRERA David Rafael. "A differentiated quality of service oriented multimedia multicast protocol." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009582.
Full textDiallo, Thierno Mahamoudou. "Discovering data quality rules in a master data management context." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0067.
Full textDirty data continues to be an important issue for companies. The datawarehouse institute [Eckerson, 2002], [Rockwell, 2012] stated poor data costs US businesses $611 billion dollars annually and erroneously priced data in retail databases costs US customers $2.5 billion each year. Data quality becomes more and more critical. The database community pays a particular attention to this subject where a variety of integrity constraints like Conditional Functional Dependencies (CFD) have been studied for data cleaning. Repair techniques based on these constraints are precise to catch inconsistencies but are limited on how to exactly correct data. Master data brings a new alternative for data cleaning with respect to it quality property. Thanks to the growing importance of Master Data Management (MDM), a new class of data quality rule known as Editing Rules (ER) tells how to fix errors, pointing which attributes are wrong and what values they should take. The intuition is to correct dirty data using high quality data from the master. However, finding data quality rules is an expensive process that involves intensive manual efforts. It remains unrealistic to rely on human designers. In this thesis, we develop pattern mining techniques for discovering ER from existing source relations with respect to master relations. In this set- ting, we propose a new semantics of ER taking advantage of both source and master data. Thanks to the semantics proposed in term of satisfaction, the discovery problem of ER turns out to be strongly related to the discovery of both CFD and one-to-one correspondences between sources and target attributes. We first attack the problem of discovering CFD. We concentrate our attention to the particular class of constant CFD known as very expressive to detect inconsistencies. We extend some well know concepts introduced for traditional Functional Dependencies to solve the discovery problem of CFD. Secondly, we propose a method based on INclusion Dependencies to extract one-to-one correspondences from source to master attributes before automatically building ER. Finally we propose some heuristics of applying ER to clean data. We have implemented and evaluated our techniques on both real life and synthetic databases. Experiments show both the feasibility, the scalability and the robustness of our proposal
White-Koning, Mélanie. "The quality of life of children with cerebral palsy : analyses on a multi-centre european study." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30057.
Full textThis work examined the quality of life (QoL) of 8-12 year-old children with cerebral palsy (CP) living in nine regions in Europe. The methods used include multilevel regression and structural equation modelling. We found that self-report is possible in children with associated intellectual impairment providing appropriate questionnaires and standardised procedures are used to evaluate their competency to comprehend and use scales. However, proxy reports remain necessary for children with very severe impairment. Severity of impairment was not always associated with parent-reported child QoL and the most severely impaired children did not always have the worst QoL. Children experiencing pain and those whose parents reported high levels of stress were at higher risk of poor QoL. Children and parents frequently disagreed concerning child QoL, as did parents and professionals, with high rates of clinically meaningful disagreement over all domains of QoL. There was a tendency for parents to rate their children's QoL lower than the children's own ratings, whereas parent/professional differences were equally distributed in both directions. Both child/parent and professional/parent agreement increased with the severity of the children's impairment. Parents were more likely to rate their child's QoL as lower when they reported high stress levels. Also, when children or professionals reported severe child pain, their ratings of child QoL were significantly lower than the parents' ratings. These differences in reporting reflect each respondent's perspective on the situation based on their experience and constitute important complementary information concerning the child's well-being
Meunier, Sébastien. "Analyse d'erreur a posteriori pour les couplages Hydro-Mécaniques et mise en œuvre dans Code Aster." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003314.
Full textFerchichi, Anis, Jean Pierre Bourey, and Michel Bigand. "CONTRIBUTION À L'INTEGRATION DES PROCESSUS METIER : APPLICATION A LA MISE EN PLACE D'UN REFERENTIEL QUALITE MULTI-VUES." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00295306.
Full textLe but de notre travail est de montrer comment intégrer les processus métier d'une entreprise à l'aide d'un référentiel commun offrant différents points de vue. Cette démarche généralisable est appliquée à l'intégration de deux standards de qualité, ISO 9001v2000 et Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI), afin de générer un référentiel qualité multi\--vues permettant une certification relative aux deux normes. Ce référentiel prend en compte les chapitres imposés par ISO et les recommandations de CMMI. Dans le cadre de l'implémentation du référentiel, nous nous sommes intéressés à la définition d'une méthodologie d'estimation des délais et charges des projets informatiques afin de rationaliser ce processus critique pour l'entreprise. La mise en place de ce référentiel qualité s'accompagne de la définition d'une démarche assurant l'interopérabilité des processus définis avec ceux des clients et/ou partenaires.
Une méthodologie d'audit projet, un référentiel documentaire et un référentiel des compétences viennent compléter le travail déjà réalisé afin d'assurer l'implémentation et le respect du référentiel qualité.
Pérennou, Loïc. "Virtual machine experience design : a predictive resource allocation approach for cloud infrastructures." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1246/document.
Full textOne of the main challenges for cloud computing providers remains to offer trustable performance for all users, while maintaining an efficient use of hardware and energy resources. In the context of this CIFRE thesis lead with Outscale, apublic cloud provider, we perform an in-depth study aimed at making management algorithms use new sources of information. We characterize Outscale’s workload to understand the resulting stress for the orchestrator, and the contention for hardware resources. We propose models to predict the runtime of VMs based on features which are available when they start. We evaluate the sensitivity with respect to prediction error of a VM placement algorithm from the literature that requires such predictions. We do not find any advantage in coupling our prediction model and the selected algorithm, but we propose alternative ways to use predictions to optimize the placement of VMs
Pradinaud, Charlotte. "Considering water quality and characterizing water as a resource in Life Cycle Assessment." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NSAM0012.
Full textMaintaining the quality of water resources is one of the major challenges society faces today. It is therefore essential that this criterion be properly integrated into environmental impact assessment methods, such as Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). However, the estimation of water quality and how this information is used in impact assessment models raises a number of methodological challenges; hence, the general research question is “How to consider water quality in water use impact assessment in LCA, from inventory to Areas of Protection?” This thesis first provides a detailed study about the role and necessity of "water quality" information in assessing impacts of different types of water use (consumptive and degradative use, as well as quality improvement). This study applies to the different cause-effect chains in a mechanistic way, in view of the three Areas of Protection (AoP) human health, ecosystem quality and natural resources. In order to improve the understanding and consideration of the water use impacts on the AoP natural resources, a consensual framework, developed jointly with WULCA (Water Use in LCA group of the UNEP-SETAC Life Cycle Initiative), is presented. This framework provides a solid basis for the consistent development of impact characterization models to assess the irreversible reduction in physical availability of freshwater and its quality-based usability for future generations. The thesis ends with the development of a characterization model for water resource degradation impacts caused by emissions. Characterization factors are calculated for five metals at the midpoint level. The application of these indicators improves the interpretability of LCA results regarding future water resource challenges and water-quality related impacts on human health
Renaud, Cyrille. "L'infarctus cérébral artériel du nouveau-né à terme : présentation clinique, facteurs de risques et déterminants évolutifs à partir d'une cohorte prospective multicentrique d'épidémiologie descriptive." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00697759.
Full textSoares, Filipa. "La formation à l'autonomisation de l'enseignant de français en contexte lusophone : le cas du Cap-Vert." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030071.
Full textThis research intends to study the empowering process of the French teachers at the secondary level in the creole and portuguese-speaking archipelago of Cape Verde.The author investigates the field among teachers of French and social actors implicated in the French language teaching and learning. Her action-research is built upon four chapters among which the first chapter exposes her methodological options and her inner and outer position as a professor-researcher.The second chapter aims to present the general context of the research, pointing out how important the concept of autonomy is to understand the arquipelago of Cape Verde, in a historical and sociolinguistical perspect.The third chapter gives elements of information about the global evolution of the education system and of the training of the French teachers, and detects three trainers the author called « autonomy mentors » because their official functions would be to develop the autonomy : they are the advisory tutor and the coordinator (high school level) and the supervisor (public university of Cape Verde). Useful indicators of autonomy or non autonomy at the secondary level have been drowned from a detailed analysis of the teaching practices of the French teachers and of the « Mentors ».In the fourth and last chapter the conclusions of the two previous chapters are used to make suggestions which could help to solve the problems observed, in order to improve the quality of the secondary level French language teaching and learning in the Cape-Verdean context
Feuillade, Vincent. "Etude de l'influence de la formulation de l'ensimage des fibres de verre sur la qualité de surface des composites SMC de type "classe A"." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20103.
Full textAvocanh, Jean-Thierry Stephen. "Resources allocation in high mobility scenarios of LTE networks." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD052/document.
Full textAbstract Our thesis focuses on issues related to resources allocation in LTE Networks. In particular the purpose of this study is to design efficient scheduling algorithms to improve the QoS of real time flows in a context of high mobility of the users. To reach this goal, the study has been carried out in two steps. At first, in order to have an expert knowledge of the key facets of LTE scheduling, we conducted the study in a context where the high mobility aspect of the node was not taken into account. This helped not only to critically analyze the literature but also to propose new schemes to improve QoS of real time applications. After that, the high mobility parameter has been added and innovative methods dealing with this context have been designed. Nevertheless due to the existing differences between the downlink and the uplink, the issue was tackled in each of the aforementioned directions. We firstly addressed the problem of improving the scheduling of downlink communications in a context where the high mobility was not taken into account. Two major methods have been designed for this purpose. The first one is an innovative scheme which improves resources assignment in overbooking scenarios by doing a trade-off between fairness, overall system through put and QoS requirements. The second one is an enhanced scheduling scheme which provides strict delay bounds and guarantees very low packet loss rate to multimedia flows. The performance of the proposed schemes have been evaluated by simulations and compared to other schemes in the literature. The analyses demonstrated their effectiveness and showed that they outperformed the existing ones. The second contribution concerned the problem of improving the scheduling of uplink communications in a context where the high mobility was not taken into account. We designed a novel scheduling protocol which improves resources allocation for videotelephony flows and reduces the delay caused by dynamic scheduling. It consists in scheduling such traffics using a semi-persistent strategy associated with a provisioning process. The performance of our proposed method have been evaluated by simulations and results demonstrated its effectiveness by showing that it improved videotelephony flows performance and provided the best QoS support compared to the dynamic scheduling.The last contribution addressed the problem of resources allocation in high mobility scenarios. In this part, the high mobility aspect was taken into account for designing suitable schemes for vehicular scenarios. We proposed in this way two efficient strategies. The first one is a technique which maintains the required level of QoS for supporting video users at high velocities. It consists in identifying depending on the UEs velocity, the minimum CQI reports rate in order to maintain the required QoS. The second proposed strategy is an opportunistic method which improves the performance of high speed video users. With this strategy, more priority are given to the UEs having the highest velocity. Simulations results demonstrated its effectiveness and showed that it improved the QoS support of video users having the highest velocity
Noyer, Mégane. "Développement d'indicateurs microbiens de multipollutions en Méditerranée : vers un outil d'évaluation de la qualité des eaux douces Particle-attached riverine bacteriome shifts in a pollutant-resistant and pathogenic community during a mediterranean extreme storm event Evolution of the particle-attached riverine archaeome compared to the bacteriome as a result of multipollution following a mediterranean extreme event." Thesis, Perpignan, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PERP0027.
Full textFreshwater ecosystems are highly vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances. Indeed, they can be subject to multiple forms of pollution via, among other things, the leaching of soil from catchment basins but also the remobilisation of sediment from river beds and sewerage networks, phenomena that are accentuated during rainy episodes, which are particularly intense and frequent in regions with a Mediterranean climate. In a Mediterranean event studied previously, it was shown that discharges of pollutant mixtures occurred, coinciding with the water discharge peak and combined sewer overflows (CSO) that preceded it. During this thesis, we were able to verify that these multipollutions are recurrent, occurring at each CSO and water discharge peak along two other floods. We hypothesised that fluvial microbial communities, which constitute the only biological compartment able to degraded pollutants, could be largely impacted by these recurrent multipollutions in Mediterranean. This thesis aimed to determine the impact of pollutant mixtures on the evolution of the fluvial microbiome during extreme rainfall events via statistical modelling coupling high throughput sequencing data to a wide range of environmental parameters. Results showed a significant relationship between multipollutions events at CSOs and water discharge peak and the appearance of microorganisms linked to faecal matter, urban environments and resistant to pollutants and/or pathogens, which could strongly affect riverine resident communities. Given the rapid response of the fluvial microbiome to multi-pollutants, we were able to identify key multi-stress microorganisms, that could be used as new biomarkers to be incorporated into a multi-pollutant detection tool for water quality monitoring
Bres, Stéphane. "Contributions a la quantification des criteres de transparence et d'anisotropie par une approche globale : application au controle de qualite de materiaux composites." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0070.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to highlight basis toward a methodology able to quantity the global features of transparency (of a material) and anisotropy (of a set of patterns). This work is realised on grey levels images, in an automatic way. The human vision is very performant in catching such features because it analyses, very naturally and simultaneously, a picture at diff~rent levels, from a local inspection of details to a more global perception. This is why human vision beats computer used here is voluntarily global, to reproduce at best the human analysis processes. Practical applications of the quantification of these global features are proposed, especially on composite materials, where it yields a reliable improvement in control quality. The first chapter presents the patterns discrimination by a global approach, using either only intrinsic parameters of these patterns or a previous step of normalization. The second chapter presents a novel method of the quantification of transparency, which is of importance be cause this feature has not been extensively studied in the past. This method has been applied to composite materials study. The main point of this method is a correlation based on lisibility evaluation of a test pattern, supposedly hidden by the material to be qualified. At last, the third chapter presents a study of the anisotropy feature. The local and global aspects of this feature are considered. A new method is presented which can be applied on grey levels images and can inspect ali the image directions. It results in numerical information about anisotropy and roses of orientations which clearly show the principal directions. Our results show similarities when compared to human visual behaviour
Alili, Hiba. "Intégration de données basée sur la qualité pour l'enrichissement des sources de données locales dans le Service Lake." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED019.
Full textIn the Big Data era, companies are moving away from traditional data-warehouse solutions whereby expensive and timeconsumingETL (Extract, Transform, Load) processes are used, towards data lakes in order to manage their increasinglygrowing data. Yet the stored knowledge in companies’ databases, even though in the constructed data lakes, can never becomplete and up-to-date, because of the continuous production of data. Local data sources often need to be augmentedand enriched with information coming from external data sources. Unfortunately, the data enrichment process is one of themanual labors undertaken by experts who enrich data by adding information based on their expertise or select relevantdata sources to complete missing information. Such work can be tedious, expensive and time-consuming, making itvery promising for automation. We present in this work an active user-centric data integration approach to automaticallyenrich local data sources, in which the missing information is leveraged on the fly from web sources using data services.Accordingly, our approach enables users to query for information about concepts that are not defined in the data sourceschema. In doing so, we take into consideration a set of user preferences such as the cost threshold and the responsetime necessary to compute the desired answers, while ensuring a good quality of the obtained results
Brouard, Vanessa. "Impacts de l’œstradiol et du bisphénol A, isolés ou en mélange, dans le déroulement de la spermatogenèse et la qualité des gamètes chez les mammifères." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN2009.
Full textSpermatogenesis is a complex process leading to the production of spermatozoa from spermatogonia and it is well know that estrogens are involved in its regulation. Moreover, they can act on the sperm which expresses estrogen receptors ESR1, ESR2 and GPER. For several years, infertility in men has been increasing due to the exposure of endocrine disruptor chemical, such as xenoestrogens. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical compound with estrogenic activity mainly used in plastics’ manufacture. Indeed, we studied the effects of estradiol (E2) and / or BPA at low doses (20μg / kg / day for the E2 and 50μg / kg / day for BPA) on spermatogenesis in prepubertal (15 to 30dpp) and adult rats (60 to 75dpp) in vivo and in human sperm in vitro. In rats, the results have demonstrated a differential effect of BPA and E2 specifically in prepubertal animals where the establishment of spermatogenesis is enhanced after BPA exposure and inhibited after E2 exposure. The effects observed in prepubertal rats exposed to 15 at 30dpp were not found in 75dpp rats exposed at the same period. A decrease in the expression of genes encoding blood-testis barrier proteins was also found in prepubertal rats exposed at 15 to 30dpp and in adult rats exposed at 60 to 75dpp. The study on human sperm begun with identification and quantification of estrogen receptors and the expression of each receptor was increased in low quality sperm samples, as well as estradiol seminal concentration. The effects of E2 and BPA were analyzed on sperm motility, apoptosis and capacitation. We observed an increase in motility only after incubation with estradiol (10-9 and 10-7M). E2 and BPA effects on sperm capacitation are dose dependant; at 10-5 and 10-9M both treatments decreased capacitated sperm percentage, while it was increased at 10-7M E2. Finally, E2 and BPA appear to promote apoptosis in human sperm. Thus, our study has shown the differential effects of E2 and BPA on spermatogenesis’ establishment in prepubertal rats and on human sperm motility, and similar effects on the BHT in prepubertal and adult rats and on the human sperm capacitation and apoptosis, suggesting that BPA may activate different receptors and signaling pathways than E2
Matos, Inês. "Les effets à moyen terme d'une intervention préventive précoce sur la qualité de l'attachement des enfants : suivi à 48 mois de la cohorte CAPEDP-A." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB192.
Full textContext: this PhD research fits into the early prevention CAPEDP project: a home-visiting intervention addressing a high-risk population. Our goals were to test the efficiency of the intervention on infant attachment and to longitudinally compare attachment behaviours and representations with a control group that received only usual care. Method: our work is divided into 3 studies with different times and measures: 12, 18 et 48 months. Attachment behaviour was assessed with the Strange Situation at 12 months and with the Attachment Q-sort at 18 months. Attachment representations were assessed with the Attachment Story Completion Task at 48 months. Results: at 12 months, there are more secure infants in the intervention group although these differences are not statistically significant. At 18 months, the intervention group has higher scores of security. Results also show an improvement in terms of security between 12 and 18 months for the intervention group. At 48 months, results point out an improvement in socio-demographic factors and a gender difference: girls from the intervention group showed significantly higher attachment security than the control group. Discussion: the CAPEDP intervention had a positive effect in enhancing attachment security between 12 and 18 months. Girls seem to have profited the most from our intervention. The limitations and future directions are discussed, particularly the interest of a joint intervention between psychologists and social workers to diminish the socio-economic risk impact on the psychological intervention
Contexto: este trabalho de tese insere-se no projeto de prevenção precoce CAPDP constituído por uma intervenção longitudinal dirigida a uma população com elevado risco psicossocial. Os objetivos eram testar a eficácia da intervenção a domicílio sobre a qualidade da vinculação na criança e comparar longitudinalmente os comportamentos e as representações de vinculação com um grupo controlo que beneficiou apenas do sistema de cuidados já existente. Metodologia: o nosso trabalho é dividido em três estudos ou tempos: 12, 18 e 48 meses da criança. Os comportamentos de vinculação foram avaliados com a Situação Estranha aos 12 meses e com o Attachment Q-sort aos 18. Aos 48 foram avaliadas as representações de vinculação com o Attachement Story Completion Task. Resultados: aos 12 meses, as diferenças em termos de segurança da vinculação não são significativas, mas constatámos a presença de mais crianças seguras no grupo intervenção. Aos 18 meses, o grupo intervenção verifica scores mais elevados de segurança. De notar também uma melhoria significativa entre os 12 e os 18 meses em termos de segurança da vinculação no grupo intervenção. Aos 48 meses, encontrámos melhorias a nível sociodemográfico e um efeito de género, sendo que as meninas do grupo intervenção apresentam scores de segurança das representações mais elevados comparativamente às do grupo controlo. Discussão: a intervenção CAPEDP teve um efeito positivo aumentando a segurança da vinculação entre 12 e 18 meses. As meninas do grupo intervenção parecem ter beneficiado mais da nossa intervenção. Os limites do estudo são discutidos assim como as aberturas para futuras investigações, nomeadamente para uma intervenção conjunta entre psicólogos e assistentes sociais para diminuir o impacto negativo dos factores de risco sobre a intervenção psicológica
Pérennou, Loïc. "Virtual machine experience design : a predictive resource allocation approach for cloud infrastructures." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1246.
Full textOne of the main challenges for cloud computing providers remains to offer trustable performance for all users, while maintaining an efficient use of hardware and energy resources. In the context of this CIFRE thesis lead with Outscale, apublic cloud provider, we perform an in-depth study aimed at making management algorithms use new sources of information. We characterize Outscale’s workload to understand the resulting stress for the orchestrator, and the contention for hardware resources. We propose models to predict the runtime of VMs based on features which are available when they start. We evaluate the sensitivity with respect to prediction error of a VM placement algorithm from the literature that requires such predictions. We do not find any advantage in coupling our prediction model and the selected algorithm, but we propose alternative ways to use predictions to optimize the placement of VMs