Academic literature on the topic 'A non-profile cutting tool'
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Journal articles on the topic "A non-profile cutting tool"
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Uchiyama, Fumihiro, Akihiko Tsuboi, and Takashi Matsumura. "Surface Profile Analysis in Milling with Structured Tool." International Journal of Automation Technology 13, no. 1 (January 5, 2019): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2019.p0101.
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Novel end mills with micro-scale structures have recently been developed to promote cutting performances with cutting forces, chip controls, and tool wears. However, the surface profiles are formed corresponding to the structures on the tool edges. The surface finishes, therefore, are worse than those of cuttings with straight edges of the end mills. This paper discusses surface profiles in milling with the structured tool and the cutter axis inclination. An analytical model is presented to simulate the surface profiles for the tool edge shape, the cutting parameters and the cutter axis inclination. Because the surface profiles are controlled in the simulation, the optimum cutting parameters are determined to reduce the surface roughness. Micro-scale nicks were fabricated on polycrystalline diamond edges with a laser machine tool. The sizes and pitches of the nicks were controlled by the laser processing parameters. The cutting tests were conducted to measure the surface profiles. The presented surface profile model was validated by comparing the simulated and the measured surface roughnesses. The surface finish can be improved in milling with the cutter axis inclination in the optimum cutting parameters.
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Tretyak, Tatiana, Alexander Leonidovich Myronenko, and Sergii Aleksandrovich Myronenko. "Profiling of a shaped worm cutter for shaping gears with non-involute tooth profile." Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI» Series: Dynamics and Strength of Machines, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2078-9130.2021.1.232702.
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Of the mechanical transmissions used in mechanical engineering, the most common are gears with an involute profile of the teeth flanks. Gears made up of such wheels have a number of advantages, but they also have a number of significant disadvantages. Therefore jne of the current trends is the study of gears with a complex non-involute profile of the teeth flank which have advantages over involute gears in a number of applications, as well as the development of tools for their processing. There are two ways of gear teeth cutting: the copying method and the rolling-in method. The rolling-in method has advantages. The profile of the tool working by the rolling-in method does not depend on the number of teeth of the gear being cut, therefore, the same tool can be used to cut gears with any number of teeth. The accuracy of a gear made by the rolling-in method is significantly higher than the accuracy of a gear made by the copying method. This is primarily due to the continuity of the rolling-in process. When cutting teeth by the rolling method, the tooth surface is formed as a result of processing with a tool, the cutting edges of which are the tooth profile of the mating rack or the tooth profile of the mating gear, and during processing the tool and the workpiece form a mating gear pair. The most common gear cutting tool is the hob cutter. For the machining of gear wheels with a non-involute tooth profile widely used in industry equipment is used. One of the options for a rolling gear cutting tool for shaping gear wheels with a non-involute tooth profile can be a shaped worm cutter. The article describes the method of profiling of the cutting part of shaped hob cutter for machining of gear wheels with normal accuracy.
To solve the problem the unified mathematical base – the apparatus of multiparameter mappings of space – the unified structure of mappings for gears and a compact set of unified operators, parameters and functional connections is used.
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Ramji, B. R., H. N. Narasimha Murthy, and B. K. Deepak. "Performance Analysis of Cryogenically Treated HSS Profile Cutter by Experimental and FEA." Advanced Materials Research 816-817 (September 2013): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.816-817.311.
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The main objective of the research was to study the effect of cryogenic treatment and double tempering on the tool life of HSS profile cutter in machining EN47 Spring Steel cutting tool components. TiAlN coated HSS profile cutters were cryogenically treated at-175 °C and double tempered at 200 °C. Milling exercises were carried out using un-treated and treated and double tempered tools on EN-47 spring steel reamer components at different machining conditions. The treated HSS profile cutter showed 40 % greater tool life than that of the un-treated in machining EN-47 spring steel components for making flutes. FEA for temperature profile of the cutting tools of the treated and non-treated was performed. Tool tip temperature for untreated and treated were found to be 22 °C and 20 °C respectively.
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Vu, Ngoc Thiem, Shinn Liang Chang, Jackson Hu, and Tacker Wang. "Computer Program in Visual Basic Language for Manufacture of Helical Cutting Tools." Advanced Materials Research 488-489 (March 2012): 813–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.488-489.813.
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The helical cutting tools have complex geometries. A rack cutter is the most economical tool that has been used for manufacturing helical cutting tool. In this paper, the computer program has been designed to evaluate the manufacture abilities following design concept and analyze the technical parameters of helical cutting tool. The program can simulate the sections of helical cutting tool and the rack cutter, analyze the clearance angle, relief angle, and width top of the helical cutting tool, and modify the rack cutter profile to show the helical cutting tool profile suitably. This program can predict the differences during manufacture process and give the best solution for economical consideration.
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Maruno, Kenji, Masaki Michihata, Yasuhiro Mizutani, and Yasuhiro Takaya. "Fundamental Study on Novel On-Machine Measurement Method of a Cutting Tool Edge Profile with a Fluorescent Confocal Microscopy." International Journal of Automation Technology 10, no. 1 (January 4, 2016): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2016.p0106.
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We propose a novel, on-machine method of measuring the profile of the cutting edge of a tool by using the cutting fluid on the tool surface. Despite an environment of on-machine tool profile measurement, it is difficult to measure a cutting edge profile by using conventional optical methods due to interference from the cutting fluid on the tool surface. To overcome this problem, we propose a profile measurement method that uses confocal fluorescent detection from the cutting fluid on the tool surface. Moreover, for precise measurements, a method that corrects for the thickness of the cutting fluid is provided. Fluorescence from the surface of a silicon wafer coated with a fluorescent dye that is set horizontally as well as vertically to the optical axis of a developed fluorescent confocal microscope is detected. As a basic verification, the cutting edge profile of a milling tool with wear is measured using the proposed measuring and correction methods that employ a fluorescent dye. The results confirm that the proposed method can provide detailed measurements of a tool wear profile.
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Ямников, Александр, Aleksandr Yamnikov, Дмитрий Волков, and Dmitry Volkov. "Impact of cutting face profile angle upon shear deformation degree." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 2, no. 6 (June 1, 2017): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5928313a1d2191.50016044.
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It is established that cutting with gear-cutting and thread-cutting tools is not free that results in the increase of loading upon tool tips and their quick wear. The layers of metal cut are subjected to considerable shear deformation and also to other kinds of deformation. In this connection the wear character of a tool and its properties will change. There is considered a process of chip removal by trapezoidal and triangular cutters (as in case of metal cutting off with teeth of a hob may be used not three but two tool tips) and the impact of a cutting face profile angle upon a shear deformation degree is also considered. There are shown analytical dependences for the definition of angles of a chip flow, a relative shear, a deformation degree of a shear and a value of tangential stresses in the cutting area taking into account the influence of the strength of material machined, width and thickness of a layer cut and a friction factor. The dependences are checked up at cutting with a trapezoidal cutter.
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Denkena, Berend, Volker Böß, and Patryk Manuel Hoppe. "Optimization of Non-Cutting Tool Paths." Advanced Materials Research 223 (April 2011): 911–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.223.911.
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The focus of CAM systems is on effectively creating cutting tool paths. However, collision risk is very high on multi axes machines when performing non-cutting traverse moves. If available, CAM systems offer limited setting options for non-cutting tool moves. In this paper an approach is presented that allows to automatically generating non-cutting tool paths. Process planners will not only be released from developing and simulating time-consuming multi axes traverse moves. The automatically calculated traverse moves will also machine-specifically optimized with respect to various optimization criteria.
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KHAJORNRUNGRUANG, Panart, Keiichi KIMURA, Hiroshi SUZUKI, and Keisuke SUZUKI. "1516 Non-Contact Micro Cutting Tool Diameter Measurement using Laser Diffraction." Proceedings of International Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing in 21st century : LEM21 2015.8 (2015): _1516–1_—_1516–4_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmelem.2015.8._1516-1_.
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Dong, Liang, Ai Bing Yu, Hao Wang, and Lei Wu. "Wear Analysis for Non-Smooth Surface HSS Cutting Tools." Applied Mechanics and Materials 101-102 (September 2011): 1035–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.101-102.1035.
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In order to improve cutting tool wear resistance, non-smooth surface was applied on HSS cutting tool and finite element method was used to analyze the wear of non-smooth surface HSS cutting tools. The orthogonal simulation test was established to analyze the influence of parameters on tool wear and the relationship between parameters and tool wear was discussed. Simulation results show that non-smooth surface could significantly improve the wear resistance of cutting tool. The line space has the most influence on cutting tool wear. The ranking of parameter influence on tool wear are line spacing, pit diameter and column spacing. And the lower tool wear usually occurs at points of pit line space which is three times as pit diameter.
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Bai, Da Shan, Jian Fei Sun, Kai Wang, and Wu Yi Chen. "Diffusion Behavior and Wear Mechanism of WC/Co Tools when Machining of Titanium Alloy." Solid State Phenomena 279 (August 2018): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.279.60.
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In this paper, fine-grain WC/Co tools were utilized in dry turning of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The wear modes of the cutting tools at different cutting speeds were analyzed. The diffusion behavior between the cutting tool and the workpiece was studied in detail based on the Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) depth profile technology. The diffusion wear mechanism was revealed. The results showed that the diffusion layer formed at the interface between the cutting tool and the adhering material. The diffusion ability of C was the strongest, followed by W, the weakest was Co in all the elements of the cutting tool. The chemical reactions took place close to the adhering material, forming the reaction layer. As a diffusion barrier, it was possible to limit the elements diffusion from the cutting tool to the adhering material, decrease the changes in the cutting tool composition and damages. The diffusion layer, which was weakened by diffusion, was worn off and taken away by the fast flowing chip during the cutting process, causing the diffusion wear characterized by a smooth crater formation on the tool surface.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "A non-profile cutting tool"
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Ånmark, Niclas. "Steel characteristics and their link to chip breaking and tool wear in metal cutting." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Tillämpad processmetallurgi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187156.
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The vision of this thesis is to study how it is possible to obtain optimised workpieces during metal cutting processes in industry. Specifically, the work is aimed to increase the understanding between the steel characteristics and their link to the chip breaking and tool wear during metal cutting. The emphasis is on the influence of the cleanliness and the characteristics of non-metallic inclusions in the workpiece on the machinability of carburising steel grades. The machinability of a case hardening steel is improved by a M-treatment (additions of Ca). Also, the improved machinability of the M-steels offers an attractive potential to save money which makes it possible to reduce the tooling costs with up to 50%. The improved machinability of Ca-treated steels is correlated to the formation of lubricating slag layers consisting of Ca-enriched sulfide inclusions and oxy-sulfide inclusions, which are formed on the rake face during the machining operation. It is proposed that the formations of slag layers from the workpiece constituents are essential to minimise the chemical degradation of the tool edge due to a contact with the chip. During this process, sulfur minimises the material transfer from the chip flow, whilst Ca-treated impurities have a stabilising effect on the protective deposits made of slag layers. Since there is a remaining industrial need to increase the production rate, whilst maintaining a high quality of the finished parts, the future production will continue to require extreme demands on the quality of workpieces. If the emphasis is focused on the workpiece, it should be possible to obtain a robust manufacturing process. Therefore, the challenge for future steel metallurgists is to develop high performance grades with optimised combined properties.Syftet med denna avhandling är att studera hur det är möjligt att framställa optimala ämnen för skärande bearbetning i industriell skala. Målsättningen med arbetet är att öka förståelsen för ståls egenskaper och dess inverkan på spånbrytning och slitage av verktyg vid skärande bearbetning. Avhandlingen fokuserar på kopplingen mellan arbetsstyckets renhet och inneslutningskarakteristik och dess inverkan på skärbarhet hos sätthärdningsstål. Skärbarheten hos vanligt sätthärdningsstål kan förbättras markant genom en Ca-behandling, dvs. en så kallad M-behandling. Den förbättrade skärbarheten hos M-stål möjliggör stora kostnadsbesparingar, som uppskattas kunna reducera verktygskostnader med upp till 50%. Den förbättrade skärbarheten hos M-stål beror på bildningen utav tribologiska skikt som är anrikade med (Mn,Ca)S- och (CaO)x-Al2O3-S-slagg. Dessa tribologiska skikt bildas på skärverktygets spånsida under ingrepp vid skärande bearbetning och består utav vissa atomer som överförts från det bearbetade ämnet till skäret. Bildandet av ett skyddande skikt anses nödvändigt för att undvika att verktygets skäregg utsätts för ett kemiskt angrepp i kontaktytan med spånflödet. Svavel anses minimera att rent arbetsmaterial överförs till skärverktyget medans kalcium-berikade inneslutningar hjälper till att bilda ett stabilt och skyddande tribologiskt skikt. Det eviga behovet att öka produktionstakten, utan att för dess skull riskera slutproduktens kvalité ställer stora krav på framtidens material. Med utgångspunkt från arbetsstycken så ska det vara möjligt att uppnå en robust industriell produktion. Utmaningen är därför att utveckla högpresterande stål med en förhöjd kombinerad funktionsegenskap.
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Ånmark, Niclas. "Inclusion Characteristics and Their Link to Tool wear in Metal Cutting of Clean Steels Suitable for Automotive Applications." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Tillämpad processmetallurgi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-164875.
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This thesis covers some aspects of hard part turning of carburised steels using a poly‑crystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) cutting tool during fine machining. The emphasis is on the influence of the steel cleanliness and the characteristics of non‑metallic inclusions in the workpiece on the active wear mechanisms of the cutting tool. Four carburising steel grades suitable for automotive applications were included, including one that was Ca‑treated. A superior tool life was obtained when turning the Ca-treated steel. The superior machinability is associated with the deposition of lubricating (Mn,Ca)S and (CaO)x-Al2O3-S slag layers, which are formed on the rake face of the cutting tool during machining. Moreover, the transfer of work material to the rake face crater is characteristic in hard part turning of clean steels. It can be because of the lack of sulfides that protect the cutting edge when turning machinability treated steels. This corresponds to the more pronounced crater wear caused by the low‑sulfur steels than that of the steels with higher sulfur contents. It was also concluded that the composition of the non‑metallic inclusions in the Ca‑treated steel is a more important factor than the inclusion number and size, in hard part turning using a PCBN cutting tool. Also, a 3D analysis after electrolytic extraction was found to give a more precise characterisation of non‑metallic inclusions than the conventional 2D analysis by SEM‑EDS. In turn, better correlations to machinability and mechanical properties can be obtained. Hence, the use of this technique is beneficial for future material development. Finally, the challenge for future metallurgy is to manufacture high‑performance steels with improved combined properties of mechanical strength and machinability.QC 20150422
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Brion, Jean-Marc. "Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes de formation de couches de transfert non métalliques sur un outil en coupe continue d'aciers de décolletage a inclusions contrôlées." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL043N.
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On présente l'étude des mécanismes de formation des couches de transfert sélectif (CTS) de sulfures de manganèse sur un outil de coupe a partir des seules inclusions contenues de façon contrôlée dans l'acier usiné. On montre que la stabilité de la CTS sur l'outil correspond à un équilibre dynamique entre sa vitesse d'alimentation et sa vitesse d'érosion avec l'adhérence inclusion/outil comme mécanisme clé gouvernant cette stabilité. Cette adhérence est liée à l'affinité chimique entre l'élément métallique actif présent à la surface de l'outil (Zr, ti) et le soufre des inclusions de l'acier exprimée en termes d'enthalpie de formation du sulfure correspondant. Par spectroscopie des électrons Auger en mode balayage, nous avons réussi à comprendre le mécanisme le plus probable d'accrochage des sulfures de manganèse sur des outils mixtes composes de carbures WC et tic. A l'endroit des carbures simples de type wc, on assiste a une usure diffusionnelle classique qui se traduit par leur dissociation et évacuation continuelles. En revanche, l'élément de transition (ti) dans les carbures actifs également dissociés forme, avec les inclusions de l'acier usine, une fine couche d'oxysulfure stable, et certainement adhérente, qui interrompt cette dissociation et constitue une base d'accrochage pour d'autres sulfures. Dans la même logique, on constate que la continuité chimique du compose actif à la surface de l'outil (outils revêtus) favorise encore la stabilité des CTS. Bien que d'importance cruciale, la maitrise compositionnelle de la surface de l'outil ne peut avoir qu'un rôle de révélateur du flux d'alimentation en inclusions provenant du copeau. On montre le rôle capital qui revient au contrôle inclusionnaire en matière de composition des inclusions principalement mais aussi en termes de morphologie et de déformabilité relative inclusion/matrice
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Нешта, Анна Олександрівна. "Технологія оброблення внутрішніх різей методом безцентроїдного огинання." Thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2019. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/26536.
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Робота виконана на кафедрі технології машинобудування, верстатів та інструментів Сумського державного університету Міністерства освіти і науки України.Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціа-льністю 05.02.08 − технологія машинобудування. − Національний технічний універ-ситет України «Київський політехнічний інститут імені Ігоря Сікорського», МОН України, Київ, 2019. Дисертацію присвячено розробленню технології оброблення внутрішніх різей методом безцентроїдного огинання на фрезерних верстатах з ЧПК із застосуванням непрофільного інструмента. На основі аналізу існуючих методів оброблення внутрішніх різей сформульо-вано робочу гіпотезу дисертаційного дослідження, що полягає в обґрунтуванні перспектив використання методу безцентроїдного огинання, як більш продуктивного способу забезпечення показників точності та якості внутрішніх різей. На основі математичного моделювання процесу силової взаємодії обґрунтовано ефективність запропонованої конструкції різального інструмента для реалізації метода безцентроїдного огинання на фрезерних верстатах з ЧПК. Шляхом лінійного програмування та оптимізації за критерієм максимальної продуктивності, з обмеженням по параметрам точності та якості оброблюваних різей визначено область оптимальних режимів різання. Експериментально обґрунтовано застосування технології обробки внутрішніх різей для діапазонів метричної, дюймової та круглої різей. На основі розрахунку оперативного часу встановлено, що запропонована технологія дозволяє скоротити основний час від 2 до 9 разів, а допоміжний – від 2 до 3 разів в порівняні з існуючими технологіям обробки внутрішніх різей.
Thesis for scientific degree of Candidate of Engineering Science on specialty 05.02.08 – Manufacturing Engineering. – National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, 2019. The dissertation is devoted to the development of the technology of machining of internal threads using the method of non-centroidal bending on CNC milling machines with the use of a non-profile cutting tool. On the basis of the analysis of the ad-vantages and disadvantages of existing methods of machining internal threads with profile cutting tool or comb tool cutters, and multi-pass turning with a non-core cutting tool, the working hypothesis of the dissertation research was formulated. It consisted in justification of the prospects of using the method of non-centroidal bending as a more productive technology of ensuring the accuracy and quality parameters of internal thread. It was justified the area of application of machining method of non-centroidal with a non-core cut-ting tool for the metric thread- in the range of thread steps from 2 to 3,5 mm and diameters from 16 to 64 mm, trapezoidal threads with thread step - 2 mm and diameters from 16 to 28 mm, inch thread - with all standard sizes of steps and diameters from G3/8 to G3 '' and rope thread with a thread step – 12,7 mm and diameters from R22 to 64 mm. In present research by means of calculating the parameters of the spiral trajectory, the kinematic scheme of combining the rotation of the cutting tool, the movement of the axial feed of the cutting tool, the movement of the circular supply of the workpiece around the axis of the cutting tool, and the number of cutting inserts it was theoretically justified condition of bending of cutting inserts for a new method for machining internal threads. Based on mathematical modeling of force interaction, the efficiency of the proposed design of a cutting tool for the implementation of the method of non-centroidal bending on CNC milling machines was justified. As a result of modal analysis of designed cutting tool for machining of rope, metric and inch threads it was determined proved no resonance when using the developed tool. The value of the first internal frequency of a non-core tool for machining rope thread was 2213 Hz, which didn’t coincide with the natural frequency of machining, which was 63 Hz, at spindle speed ni = 1250 rpm for cutting tool with three cutting inserts. The first internal frequency of a non-core cutting tool for machining metric and inch thread was 1537 Hz, which also did not coincide with the natural frequency of the cutting tool during machining – 50 Hz, which corresponds to the spindle speed ni = 1000 rpm for cutting tool with three cutting inserts. By means of linear programming and optimization based on the criterion of maximum productivity, with the limitation on the parameters of accuracy and quality of internal thread, the area of optimal cutting parameters was determined. It was established and experimen-tally confirmed that the proposed manufacturing technology, as well as the design of cutting tools for circular R32 and metric cut M48x3-7N and M48x3-LH-7N, allowed to ensure the accuracy of machining in accordance with the requirements of the relevant standards. The optimal cutting parameters for rope thread R32 was determined for machining of stainless steel 5ХНМ (1.2711, 1.2713, 55NiCrMoV5 in DIN classification): cutting speed – 118 m/min and FPM – mm/min, and for machining steel 40Х (1.7045, 37Cr4 in DIN classifica-tion) cutting speed – 144 m/min, and FRM – 210 mm/min. On the basis of calculation of operating time according to the criteria of the direct manufacture time and auxiliary time it was determined that the proposed technological process allowed to reduce direct manufacture time from 2 to 9 times, and the auxiliary time - from 2 to 3 times in comparison with the existing technological process of machining of internal threads. Implementation of the results of the dissertation research into manufacturing allowed to receive an economic effect, according to the enlarged calculations, for machining bit blank in the amount of 42260 UAH., and when machining double socket – 16550 UAH., with annual output 2000 pcs. of each item. That allowed to reduce the cost of one part by 21,13 UAH. and 8,28 UAH respectively.
Диссертация на соискание научной степени кандидата технических наук по специальности 05.02.08 – технология машиностроения. – Национальный технический университет Украины «Киевский политехнический институт имени Игоря Сикорского» МОН Украины, Киев, 2019. Диссертация посвящена разработке технологии обработки внутренних резьб методом безцентроидного огибания на фрезерных станках с ЧПУ с применением непрофильного инструмента. На основе анализа существующих методов обработки внутренних резьб сформулированы рабочая гипотеза диссертационного исследования, которая заключается в обосновании перспектив использования метода безцентроидного огибания, как более продуктивного способа обеспечения показателей точности и качества внутренних резьб. На основе математического моделирования процесса силового взаимодействия обоснована эффективность предложенной конструкции режущего инструмента для реализации метода безцентроидного огибания на фрезерных станках с ЧПУ. Путем линейного программирования и оптимизации по критерию максималь-ной производительности, с ограничением по параметрам точности и качества, определена область оптимальных режимов резания для диапазонов метрической, дюймовой и круглой резьб. Экспериментально обосновано применение технологии обработки для диапазонов метрической, дюймовой и круглой внутренних резьб. На основе расчета оперативного времени установлено, что предложенная технология позволяет сократить основное время от 2 до 9 раз, а вспомогательного – от 2 до 3 раз в сравнении с существующими технологиям обработки внутренних резьб.
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Hassine, Nabile. "Microwave-assisted synthesis of non-oxide ceramic powders." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240494.
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Tsai, Ching-Sheng, and 蔡進生. "Resarch of Non-Touch Infrared Detected Cutting Tool Broken Sensing." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58125437075789819309.
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碩士國立彰化師範大學
機電工程學系
95
We now got a method to real time detect the tool broken for PCB routing machine. It doesn’t influence too much for short path cutting, but for long path cutting Like as Mother board, LCD panel board will be detected after a lot of null time. If we can overcome this problem – Sensing the tool broken, It will help the PCB proprietor to increase the productiveness and reduce the null time. Consider the PCB routing machine cutting character , to select thermopile sensor for Non touch infrared thermal radiation detecting, Design with suitable anti-dust mechanical and CNC controller internal function. When tool infeed to the board for cutting where will have thermal radiation and the sensor detecting level was 「high」. If the tool broken during the cutting period,the thermal radiation detecting level will be 「low」. This detecting level signal was sent to the CNC controller and meaning status was 「tool broken」 ,the machine stop immediatlly and show 「tool broken 「 message, or we could set at auto mode directly change a new tool and countinue to cut the board, this detecting level was invalid under no-cutting mode,Therefore no faulty to stop the machine. The testing result were：The response time of Thermopile sensor detecting the thermal radiation was fast enough, the cutting tool infeed the board response time up was around 0.2sec, and tool broken response time down was around 0.5~1.5sec, this application were very helpful for long path PCB cutting.
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Cheng, Tai-An, and 鄭泰安. "Development of a Non-Contact Tool Setting and Tool Profile monitoring System for Ultra-Precision Diamond Turning." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85895732929678953081.
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博士國防大學中正理工學院
國防科學研究所
95
Single crystal diamond tool has the highest known hardness, good wear resistance, high conductivity, and low in thermal expansion which makes it an ideal tool material for the manufacture of a variety of optical components, being able to lathe precision components and parts has made diamond tool one of the most widely used optical fabrication industry. Since the tool geometry dominate the surface roughness and form accuracy. Whatever is happened on the cutting edge will reflect on the work piece. The cutting tool conditions and tool setting accuracy are two main factors governing the form accuracy and surface quality. Therefore, an effective and precise tool profile monitoring technique is of essential importance in ultra-precision diamond turning operation. The traditional way of tool setting are typically laborious, inefficient and is running the risk of damage the delicate tool tip. A non-contact precision tool setting and tool profile monitoring system is developed and built in this study using edge-detection image processing and sub-pixel dividing techniques in conjunction with CNC controller of the precision turning machine to improve the system presently available. The presented system is characterized by its high efficiency, measurement flexibility, and good accuracy. With the technique presented in this paper, both round and sharp tool could all be positioned and monitored with accuracy up to ± 0.1µm without having needed to employ a very complicated measuring system. The results showed good agreement with the profile data obtained by SEM micrographs and data supplied by the tool manufacturer.
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Chen, Shing-Kuang, and 陳星光. "Design and Development of Sub-micron Non-contact Diamond Tool Profile Monitoring System." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22930853371391611528.
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碩士淡江大學
機械與機電工程學系碩士班
93
Error of the tool profile is an important factor which affects the precision in ultra-precision diamond turning operation. Traditionally, the measure method of the tool profile is used LVDT directly to contact and detect the tool profile. But the precision of this method was depend on the resolution of probe which limited around 1~10μm. Additionally, it is running the risk of damaging the delicate tool tip. In this study, we proposed a new optical measurement method which can improve the disadvantages of traditional measurement method. It used the image processing technology combined moment-preserving principle, which can calculate the tool profile precision to sub-pixel. In addition, the wear of tool can be compensated on-line by this method and ensure the measurement precision of tool profile. From those experimental results showed the error of the tool profile can be controlled in the range of about 0.2μm.
Books on the topic "A non-profile cutting tool"
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Ponti, Cesare, Paola Schwizer, Floricel Rugiero, Riccardo Bua Odetti, Giacomo Guerrini, Jennifer Hoffman, and et alia. Governance e strategia per la gestione dei rischi nelle imprese non finanziarie. AIFIRM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47473/2016ppa00024.
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The “Corporate Risk Governance & Control” Commission, composed of risk managers, working for the top leading companies and financial institutions, many of which are publicly listed, as well as academics and board members, worked together to produce a position paper that aspires to provide principles and best practices regarding strategic risk management and risk governance. In particular, the document provides a framework, applicable to non financial companies based on their specific profiles, that integrates the general requirements established by the standard setters (i.e. the Code of Corporate Governance for publicly listed companies, the COSO Framework 2017, ISO 31000:2018 and banking and financial sector regulations) while taking into consideration elements of differentiation, uniqueness and different organizational and managerial approaches to affront risk The document is composed of two main sections: "Risk Governance” and “Risk & Strategy". In the first section, roles and responsibilities regarding risk management are addressed, starting from the importance to diffuse a risk culture consistent with mission, vision and company values to outlining the benefits of adequate organizational principals and governance. Once clarifying the difference between the first, second and third level of defense, the section concludes with a detailed analysis dedicated to the role of the Chief Risk Officer, in which the requirements of professionalism and independence are underlined as well as the key role played in the consolidation of a holistic view of the risk profile within the organization. In the second section of the position paper, ample space is dedicated to the Risk Appetite Framework, a fundamental tool to connect the business strategy and punctual risk quantification. The objective is to offer guidelines to define the risk appetite within a company. The final section of the paper proposes some suggestions for risk classification considering a portfolio view, as well as ulterior reflections regarding risk quantification, highlighting also some of the principle approaches to targeted evaluations and the drafting of a strategic plan pondered around risk.
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Wolfe, Sam. Syntactic Change in French. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864318.001.0001.
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This volume provides the most comprehensive and detailed formal account to date of the evolution of French syntax. Making use of the latest formal syntactic tools, it combines careful textual analysis with a detailed synthesis of the vast research literature on French to provide an original and wide-ranging analysis of the major syntactic developments to have taken place in the history of French. The empirical scope of the book is exceptionally broad, discussing syntactic variation and change in Latin, Old, Middle, Renaissance, and Classical French, as well as standard and non-standard varieties of Modern French. Following detailed introductory chapters, a wide range of phenomena are discussed including the left periphery, subject positions and null subjects, verb movement, object placement, negation, and the makeup of the nominal expression. The book concludes with a comparative analysis of how French has come to develop the unique typological profile it has within Romance today. The volume will thus be an indispensable tool for researchers and students in French and comparative Romance linguistics as well as readers interested in grammatical theory and historical linguistics.
Book chapters on the topic "A non-profile cutting tool"
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Mühlbauer, Matthias, Hubert Würschinger, Dominik Polzer, and Nico Hanenkamp. "Energy Profile Prediction of Milling Processes Using Machine Learning Techniques." In Machine Learning for Cyber Physical Systems, 1–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62746-4_1.
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AbstractThe prediction of the power consumption increases the transparency and the understanding of a cutting process, this delivers various potentials. Beside the planning and optimization of manufacturing processes, there are application areas in different kinds of deviation detection and condition monitoring. Due to the complicated stochastic processes during the cutting processes, analytical approaches quickly reach their limits. Since the 1980s, approaches for predicting the time or energy consumption use empirical models. Nevertheless, most of the existing models regard only static snapshots and are not able to picture the dynamic load fluctuations during the entire milling process. This paper describes a data-driven way for a more detailed prediction of the power consumption for a milling process using Machine Learning techniques. To increase the accuracy we used separate models and machine learning algorithms for different operations of the milling machine to predict the required time and energy. The merger of the individual models allows finally the accurate forecast of the load profile of the milling process for a specific machine tool. The following method introduces the whole pipeline from the data acquisition, over the preprocessing and the model building to the validation.
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Zhang, Yuan Liang, Zhi Min Zhou, and Xu Zhang. "Compensation Control of Cutting Tool Position in Machining Non-Axisymmetric Optic Mirror Surface." In Materials Science Forum, 181–86. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-990-3.181.
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Song, Changping, and Yuanliang Zhang. "The Compensation Control of Cutting Tool Position for Non-axisymmetric Optical Surface Machining." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 299–305. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23220-6_37.
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Chang, Ching-hua, and M. J. Fee. "A Study of Influence of Various Factors on Surface Roughness in Micro-cutting of Non-ferrous Metal by Carbide Precision Turning Tool and Diamond Turning Tool." In Toward the Factory of the Future, 919. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82580-4_152.
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Loh, Paul, Yuhan Hou, Chun Tung Tse, Jiaqi Mo, and David Leggett. "Freeform Volumetric Fabrication Using Actuated Robotic Hot Wire Cutter." In Proceedings of the 2020 DigitalFUTURES, 280–89. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4400-6_26.
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AbstractThis paper discusses the design, fabrication and operational workflow of a novel hot-wire cutter used as an end effector for a robotic arm. Typically, hot wire cutters used a linear cutting element which results in ruled surfaces geometry. While several researchers have examined the use of hot wire cutter with cooperative robotic arms to create non-ruled surface geometry, this research explores the use of an actuated hot wire cutter manoeuver by a single robotic arm to produce similar form. The paper outlines the machine making process and its workflow resulting in a 1:1 scale prototype. The paper concludes by examining how the novel tool can be applied to an urban stage design. The research set up a fabrication procedure that has the potential to be deployed as an on-site fabrication methodology.
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Cappetti, Nicola, Carmen Brancaccio, Francesca De Sio, and Carlotta Fontana. "A Novel Procedure to Design a Positionable and Stable Drilling Template for Spine Surgery." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 200–205. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70566-4_32.
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AbstractSpine surgery is based, nowadays, on the use of cutting-edge instruments that optimize the intervention processes in the operating room, with advantages that affect the patient himself. Among these, rapid prototyping is configured as a first-rate tool, thanks to its ability to detail the diagnostic treatment according to the specific pathological case under examination. An example of this technology is represented by the generation of a drilling template, to assist the surgeon in identifying the optimal direction of insertion of the pedicle screws, capable of significantly reduce intervention times, in addition to the inevitable exposure of the patient to ionizing radiation, to which he is subjected during a normal arthrodesis intervention procedure. The design of a drilling guide requires, however, a particular attention in identifying the undercuts present on the vertebral surface, those areas of the spinous process which, reported inside the cavity of the template, involve complications at the time of extraction. In parallel, it is vitally important to carry out an evaluation of its stability during its use. In this article, starting from the analysis of the interferences present during the insertion of the template, a semi-automatic correction model is proposed for the generation of a new profile of the same, which facilitates its extraction without causing injury to the vertebral regions involved from the contact with the mask.
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Shi, Hanmin. "Non-linear Synthetic Method for Modeling Modern Cutting Tools." In Springer Series in Advanced Manufacturing, 155–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73561-0_8.
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Kikulwe, Enoch, Marsy Asindu, Walter Ocimati, Susan Ajambo, William Tinzaara, Francois Iradukunda, and Guy Blomme. "Scaling Banana Bacterial Wilt Management Through Single Diseased Stem Removal in the Great Lakes Region." In Root, Tuber and Banana Food System Innovations, 289–317. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92022-7_10.
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AbstractXanthomonas wilt (XW) of banana caused by Xanthomonas vasicola pv. musacearum (Xvm) is an important emerging and non-curable infectious disease which can cause up to 100% yield loss. At the start of the XW epidemic, complete uprooting of diseased mats (CMU) was recommended. There was little adoption of CMU, especially by women farmers, because it was labor-intensive and it sacrificed banana production for up to 2 years. CMU assumed that infection on a single plant would systemically spread to all plants in a mat. However, field experiments showed that Xvm did not spread systemically in a mat and that latent infections occurred. As a result, not all shoots on an infected plant show symptoms. This led to the idea of removing only the visibly infected banana plants, referred to as single diseased stem removal (SDSR). The SDSR package comprises three innovations: (1) regularly cutting symptomatic stems at ground level, (2) sterilizing cutting tools with fire, and (3) early male bud removal using a forked stick. The SDSR package was promoted jointly with a set of complementary practices: (i) avoiding infections by browsing animals, (ii) using clean planting materials, (iii) bending leaves at the petiole level when intercropping in infected fields, (iv) training on disease recognition and epidemiology, and (v) demand-specific extension and knowledge sharing. Several approaches that have been used for scaling out XW management technologies are documented in this chapter. This review looks at the process, practices, challenges, lessons learned, and future policy implications associated with scaling of XW management practices.
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Karimanzira, Divas, and Helge Renkewitz. "Detection and localization of an underwater docking station in acoustic images using machine learning and generalized fuzzy hough transform." In Machine Learning for Cyber Physical Systems, 23–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62746-4_3.
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AbstractLong underwater operations with autonomous battery charging and data transmission require an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) with docking capability, which in turn presume the detection and localization of the docking station. Object detection and localization in sonar images is a very difficult task due to acoustic image problems such as, non-homogeneous resolution, non-uniform intensity, speckle noise, acoustic shadowing, acoustic reverberation and multipath problems. As for detection methods which are invariant to rotations, scale and shifts, the Generalized Fuzzy Hough Transform (GFHT) has proven to be a very powerful tool for arbitrary template detection in a noisy, blurred or even a distorted image, but it is associated with a practical drawback in computation time due to sliding window approach, especially if rotation and scaling invariance is taken into account. In this paper we use the fact that the docking station is made out of aluminum profiles which can easily be isolated using segmentation and classified by a Support Vector Machine (SVM) to enable selective search for the GFHT. After identification of the profile locations, GFHT is applied selectively at these locations for template matching producing the heading and position of the docking station. Further, this paper describes in detail the experiments that validate the methodology.
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Parida, Asit Kumar. "Finite Element Analysis of Tool Wear in Hot Machining Process." In Non-Conventional Machining in Modern Manufacturing Systems, 232–48. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6161-3.ch011.
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Super alloys have been used widely in all sectors (e.g., automobile, aerospace, biomedical, etc.) for their properties like high hardness, high wear, and corrosion resistance. A central challenge is the significantly higher temperature and pressure on the cutting tool, hence rapid tool wear and bad surface finish. In the present study, a FEM analysis has been developed to calculate the effect of preheating temperature on the surface of the workpiece on tool wear on machining Inconel 718. Usui's tool wear model has been implemented in DEFORM software. In order to validate the results, an experimental investigation has been carried out with same cutting conditions. The evaluated results were also compared with the room temperature machining condition. It was observed that the heating temperature increased the tool life by reducing tool wear, tool temperature compared to room temperature machining condition. The predicted tool wear, tool temperature, and chip morphology have been compared with the experimental results and good correlation was found.
Conference papers on the topic "A non-profile cutting tool"
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Sambhav, Kumar, Puneet Tandon, and Sanjay G. Dhande. "Geometric Modeling and Analysis of Single Point Cutting Tools With Generic Profile." In ASME 2011 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2011-50275.
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The presented work models the geometry of Single Point Cutting Tools (SPCTs) with generic profile. Presently few standard shapes of SPCTs defined in terms of projective geometry are being employed while there is a need to design free-form tools to efficiently machine free-form surfaces with few passes and chosen range of cutting angles. To be able to produce SPCT face and flanks with generic shapes through grinding, a comprehensive geometric model of the tool in terms of the varying grinding angles and the ground depths is required which helps design the tool with arbitrarily chosen tool angles. The surface modeling begins with the creation of a tool blank model followed by transformation of unbounded planes to get the cutting tool surfaces. The intersection of these surfaces with the blank gives the complete model of the tool. Having created the geometric model in two generations of generalization, the paper presents the methodology to obtain the conventional tool angles from the generic model. An illustration of the model has been provided showing variation of tool angles along the cutting edge with changing grinding parameters. When the geometric model is not to be related to the grinding parameters, the SPCT can be modeled as a composite NURBS surface which has been presented towards the end of the work.
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Jen, Tien-Chien, Gustavo Gutierrez, and Sunil Eapen. "Non-Linear Numerical Analysis in Transient Cutting Tool Temperatures." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1480.
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Abstract A numerical analysis, using a control volume approach, is conducted to study the transient cutting tool temperatures with temperature dependent thermal properties. With temperature dependent thermal properties, the governing conduction equation is non-linear and thus, the standard analytical solutions are no longer valid. In any cutting processes, the temperature distribution is intrinsically three-dimensional and very steep temperature gradient may be generated in the vicinity of the tool-chip interface. In this region, where the maximum temperature occurs, the effect of variable thermal properties may become important. The full three-dimensional non-linear transient heat conduction equation is solved numerically to study these non-linear effects on cutting tool temperatures. The extremely small size of the heat input zone (tool-chip interface), relative to the tool insert rake surface area, requires the mesh to be dense enough in order to obtain accurate solutions. This usually requires very intensive computational efforts. Due to the size of the discretized domain, an efficient algorithm is desirable in the solution of the problem. Four different iterative schemes are explored, and an optimized numerical scheme is chosen to significantly reduce the required computing time. This numerical model can be used for process development in an industrial setting. The effect of two different heat flux input profiles, a spatially uniform plane heat flux and a spatially non-uniform plane heat flux at the tool-chip interface, on the tool temperatures are also investigated in the present study. Some recommendations are given regarding the condition when these non-linear effects can not be ignored.
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Shi, Zhaoyao, Zhipeng Feng, and Peng Wang. "Study on Path Planning of Involute Tooth Surface Milling With General Cutting Tool." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97156.
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Abstract Milling involute tooth surface with universal cutting tool overcomes the difficult problem of customizing tool for nonstandard gear machining. It is difficult for gear manufacturers to gain an advantage in market competition because of the long cycle of customized cutting tools. In this paper, the milling path of involute tooth surface by a general cutting tool is studied, and how to obtain the uniform surface roughness of involute tooth surface and the cutting path scheme of cutting tool is discussed. The key point of this paper is to put forward the scheme of tool path in the milling process. The end profile of involute gear is modeled by an analytic method, and the equidistant contour of the profile of involute gear is established by using the principle of normal deviation, which provides an accurate position point for the cutting tool.
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Jiang, Xiaonan, Pingyu Zhu, Shuaibin Wang, and Marcelo A. Soto. "Effect of Microstructure Cutting Edge Tool on CFRP Hole Making Quality." In 2021 7th International Conference on Condition Monitoring of Machinery in Non-Stationary Operations (CMMNO). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cmmno53328.2021.9467665.
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Oancea, Nicolae, Victor G. Oancea, and Epureanu Alexandru. "A New Method for Cutting Tools Design." In ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/dfm-14005.
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Abstract Most of the existing methods for determining the profiles of cutting tools that work by wrapping are based on the envelope theory. This theory requires cumbersome analytical formulations resulting in sets of equations not always easy to solve. This work presents a new alternative method for studying conjugated surfaces associated with rolling axodes by using a discrete representation of the tool. The new method is based on studying the trajectories of points on the tool relative to the workpiece in order to define the tool’s profile. Several examples are shown for rack, shaper and rotational cutters.
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Huran, Liu. "The Machining of the Spherical Gear With Concave Cone Teeth and Its Cutting Tool." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-10074.
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The spherical gear, or globular gear is a ball, on the ball there are a series of holes. The spherical gear is the key component of the robot’s wrist. As shown in fig.1, by using the spherical crowns of two different spherical centers as a joint curve surface, and their spherical center as a rotational center, the spherical gearing can be formed on two spherical surfaces with convex teeth and concave teeth engaging each other. The robot’s wrist differs from the wrist of human kind in that, it can transmit rotational movement from the upper arm to the lower arm continuously, while the angle between the upper arm and the lower arm is changing. In the formal papers, the protruding teeth have the shape of a cone, while the concave teeth are the conjugate surface of them. The protruding teeth with straight surface are of cause easy to be machined. But the concave teeth are very hard to be machined. The special machining method such as the electric spark machining has to be employed to deal with this kind of work. Theoretical analysis show [1] that the concave tooth profile of spherical gear can be rotate involutes surface. The curved surface of convex tooth profiles are formed according to concave tooth profiles through the envelopes of dual parameters. It is approximately a rotate involutes surface. The processing technique of convex and concave tooth profiles is quite complex. Reference [2] gives a new tooth profile. That is, to use cone instead of convex tooth profile with a rotate involutes surface. The rough manufacturing and grinding of convex tooth cylinder can thus become much easy. But the manufacturing of concave tooth surface remains complex. This paper proposes that concave teeth profiles take the place of cone. In that case we can use cone milling. In order to underline the originality of my work, I should say: In the former approach the convex teeth are the cones, while the profile of the concave teeth are the conjugate tooth surfaces of the cone. In my approach the concave teeth are the cones, while the profile of the convex teeth are the conjugate tooth surfaces of the cone. Just small change, the machining properties improved dramatically.
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Kushnir, E. "Effect of Machine Tool Structure Dynamic on Machine Cutting Performances." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79769.
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Quality of machine tool structure is defined by it static and dynamic compliance. The effect of static stiffness at part shape and machine productivity is one of the reasons that structure static stiffness is used as a main criterion in machine design. The machine dynamic stiffness or compliance directly effect roundness (for example, profile of cross section in turning), surface finish, and indirectly tool life and life of machine components. These effects are defined by structure resistance to transmit vibration in cutting zone or other points of interest in machine tool structure. Dynamic compliance defines accuracy of machining, because it stipulates how machine response to any exciting force, occurring inside and outside machine structure. Dynamic compliance limits the productivity of cutting because it defines maximum depth of cut that may be achieved at a machine in particular set up. The goal of dynamic analysis is to find parameters of the structure that have dominant effect at it dynamic compliance and improve structure based at this information. Usually dynamic analyses required more complicated methodological approach because of coupling between different modes of vibration. The methodology of dynamic analysis of machine tool is illustrated by analysis of mobile spindle module and turning center. The obtained theoretical results are compared with actual testing data.
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Chen, Zezhong C., and Xujing Yang. "A New Approach to G1 Biarc Approximations for Making Smooth, Accurate, and Non-Gouged Profile Features Using CNC Contouring." In ASME 2006 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2006-21068.
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Extensive research on G1 biarcs fitting to free-form curves (i.e., Bezier, B-spline, and NURBS curves) has been conducted in the past decades for various purposes, including CNC contouring to make smooth, accurate profile features such as pockets, islands, and sides. However, all the proposed approaches only focused on the approximation errors and the biarc number, not on the radius of the individual fitting arc; so it could be smaller than the cutting tool, which would cause gouging during machining. This work, based on the tool radius pre-determined by the minimum size of the concavities of the design profile, proposes a new approach to approximating the profile with a G1 biarc curve in order to make smooth, accurate, and non-gouged profile features using CNC contouring. The significant new contribution of this work is a new mechanism that ensures all the concave arcs of the fitting curve are larger than the pre-determined tool and the fitting errors meet the specified tolerance. This approach can promote the use of G1 biarc tool paths in the manufacturing industry to make high precision profile features.
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Chiou, John C. J., and Yuan-Shin Lee. "Optimal Tool Orientation for Five-Axis Tool-End Machining by Swept Envelope Approach." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61387.
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This paper presents a swept envelope approach to determining the optimal tool orientation for five-axis tool-end machining. The swept profile of the cutter is determined based on the tool motion. By analyzing the swept profile against the part geometry, four types of machining errors (local gouge, side gouge, rear gouge, and global collision) are identified. The tool orientation is then corrected to avoid such errors. The cutter’s swept envelope is further constructed by integrating the intermediate swept profiles, and can be applied to NC simulation and verification. This paper presents the explicit solution for the swept profile of a general cutter in five-axis tool-end machining. The relation of the swept profile, the part geometry, the tool motion, and the machining errors is developed. Therefore, the error sources can be detected early and prevented during tool path planning. The analytical results indicate that the optimal tool orientation occurs when the curvature of the cutter’s swept profile matches with the curvature of the local part surface. In addition, the optimal cutting direction generally follows the minimum curvature direction. Computer illustrations and example demonstrations are shown in this paper. The results reveal the developed method can accurately determine the optimal tool orientation and efficiently avoid machining errors for five-axis tool-end machining.
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Hanna, Carl R., Steven Y. Liang, and Ru-Min Chao. "Specification of Shear Zone Characteristics in Achieving Desired Residual Stress Profile." In ASME 2007 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2007-31171.
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Surface integrity of a machined component in meeting the demands of a specific application requirement is defined by several characteristics. The residual stress profile at the surface and sub-surface of the workpiece is often one of these characteristics as it carries a direct effect on the fatigue life of a machined component. Machined residual stress is difficult to predict since it is governed by less than predictable high stresses, temperature gradients, and phase transformation occurring during the cutting process. A significant amount of effort have been dedicated by researchers to predict residual stress in a workpiece using analytical, experimental, and numerical modeling methods. Nonetheless, no method is available that could express the cutting process parameters and tool geometry parameters as functions of machined residual stress profile to allow process planning in achieving desired residual stress profile. This paper presents a physics-based approach to predict the shear zone characteristics during an orthogonal cutting operation. Using machined residual stress requirement at the surface as an input, information such as the shear angle, the shear stress in the shear zone, the depth of cut and consequently the cutting forces are obtained by inverse calculations procedure based on the rolling/sliding contact theory, the McDowell hybrid residual stress algorithm, and the specific cutting energy. This work constitutes a basis for further design and optimization of process and tool geometry parameters in achieving a specified residual stress profile. Experimental data are presented to validate the developed model.
Reports on the topic "A non-profile cutting tool"
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Jordan, Ramon L., Abed Gera, Hei-Ti Hsu, Andre Franck, and Gad Loebenstein. Detection and Diagnosis of Virus Diseases of Pelargonium. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568793.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Pelargonium (Geranium) is the number one pot plant in many areas of the United States and Europe. Israel and the U.S. send to Europe rooted cuttings, foundation stocks and finished plants to supply a certain share of the market. Geraniums are propagated mainly vegetatively from cuttings. Consequently, viral diseases have been and remain a major threat to the production and quality of the crop. Among the viruses isolated from naturally infected geraniums, 11 are not specific to Pelargonium and occur in other crops while 6 other viruses seem to be limited to geranium. However, several of these viruses are not sufficiently characterized to conclude that they are distinct agents and their nomenclature and taxonomy are confusing. The ability to separate, distinguish and detect the different viruses in geranium will overcome obstacles te developing effective detection and certification schemes. Our focus was to further characterize some of these viruses and develop better methods for their detection and control. These viruses include: isolates of pelargonium line pattern virus (PLPV), pelargonium ringspot virus (PelRSV), pelargonium flower break virus (PFBV), pelargonium leaf curl (PLCV), and tomato ringspot virus (TomRSV). Twelve hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies specific to a geranium isolate of TomRSV were produced. These antibodies are currently being characterized and will be tested for the ability to detect TomRSV in infected geraniums. The biological, biochemical and serological properties of four isometric viruses - PLPV, PelRSV, and PFBV (and a PelRSV-like isolate from Italy called GR57) isolated from geraniums exhibiting line and ring pattern or flower break symptoms - and an isolate ol elderbeny latent virus (ELV; which the literature indicates is the same as PelRSV) have been determined Cloned cDNA copies of the genomic RNAs of these viruses were sequenced and the sizes and locations of predicted viral proteins deduced. A portion of the putative replicase genes was also sequenced from cloned RT-PCR fragments. We have shown that, when compared to the published biochemical and serological properties, and sequences and genome organizations of other small isometric plant viruses, all of these viruses should each be considered new, distinct members of the Carmovirus group of the family Tombusviridae. Hybridization assays using recombinant DNA probes also demonstrated that PLPV, PelRSV, and ELV produce only one subgenomic RNA in infected plants. This unusual property of the gene expression of these three viruses suggests that they are unique among the Carmoviruses. The development of new technologies for the detection of these viruses in geranium was also demonstrated. Hybridization probes developed to PFBV (radioactively-labeled cRNA riboprobes) and to PLPV (non-radioactive digoxigenin-labeled cDNAs) were generally shown to be no more sensitive for the detection of virus in infected plants than the standard ELISA serology-based assays. However, a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay was shown to be over 1000 times more sensitive in detecting PFBV in leaf extracts of infected geranium than was ELISA. This research has lead to a better understanding of the identity of the viruses infecting pelargonium and to the development of new tools that can be used in an improved scheme of providing virus-indexed pelargonium plants. The sequence information, and the serological and cloned DNA probes generated from this work, will allow the application of these new tools for virus detection, which will be useful in domestic and international indexing programs which are essential for the production of virus-free germplasm both for domestic markets and the international exchange of plant material.
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Guy, Charles, Gozal Ben-Hayyim, Gloria Moore, Doron Holland, and Yuval Eshdat. Common Mechanisms of Response to the Stresses of High Salinity and Low Temperature and Genetic Mapping of Stress Tolerance Loci in Citrus. United States Department of Agriculture, May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613013.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The objectives that were outlined in our original proposal have largely been achieved or will be so by the end of the project in February 1995 with one exception; that of mapping cold tolerance loci based on the segregation of tolerance in the BC1 progeny population. Briefly, our goals were to 1) construct a densely populated linkage map of the citrus genome: 2) map loci important in cold and/or salt stress tolerance; and 3) characterize the expression of genes responsive to cold land salt stress. As can be seen by the preceding listing of accomplishments, our original objectives A and B have been realized, objective C has been partially tested, objective D has been completed, and work on objectives E and F will be completed by the end of 1995. Although we have yet to map any loci that contribute to an ability of citrus to maintain growth when irrigated with saline water, our very encouraging results from the 1993 experiment provides us with considerable hope that 1994's much more comprehensive and better controlled experiment will yield the desired results once the data has been fully analyzed. Part of our optimism derives from the findings that loci for growth are closely linked with loci associated with foliar Cl- and Na+ accumulation patterns under non-salinization conditions. In the 1994 experiment, if ion exclusion or sequestration traits are segregating in the population, the experimental design will permit their resolution. Our fortunes with respect to cold tolerance is another situation. In three attempts to quantitatively characterize cold tolerance as an LT50, the results have been too variable and the incremental differences between sensitive and tolerant too small to use for mapping. To adequately determine the LT50 requires many plants, many more than we have been able to generate in the time and space available by making cuttings from small greenhouse-grown stock plants. As it has turned out, with citrus, to prepare enough plants needed to be successful in this objective would have required extensive facilities for both growing and testing hardiness which simply were not available at University of Florida. The large populations necessary to overcome the variability we encountered was unanticipated and unforeseeable at the project's outset. In spite of the setbacks, this project, when it is finally complete will be exceedingly successful. Listing of Accomplishments During the funded interval we have accomplished the following objectives: Developed a reasonably high density linkage map for citrus - mapped the loci for two cold responsive genes that were cloned from Poncirus - mapped the loci for csa, the salt responsive gene for glutathione peroxidase, and ccr a circadian rhythm gene from citrus - identified loci that confer parental derived specific DNA methylation patterns in the Citrus X Poncirus cross - mapped 5 loci that determine shoot vigor - mapped 2 loci that influence leaf Na+ accumulation patterns under non-saline conditions in the BC1 population - mapped 3 loci that influence leaf Na+ accumulation paterns during salt sress - mapped 2 loci that control leaf Cl- accumulation patterns under non-saline conditions - mapped a locus that controls leaf Cl- accumulation patterns during salt stress Screened the BC1 population for growth reduction during salinization (controls and salinized), and cold tolerance - determined population variation for shoot/root ratio of Na+ and Cl- - determined levels for 12 inorganic nutrient elements in an effort to examine the influence of salinization on ion content with emphasis on foliar responses - collected data on ion distribution to reveal patterns of exclusion/sequestration/ accumulation - analyzed relationships between ion content and growth Characterization of gene expression in response to salt or cold stress - cloned the gene for the salt responsive protein csa, identified it as glutathione peroxidase, determined the potential target substrate from enzymatic studies - cloned two other genes responsive to salt stress, one for the citrus homologue of a Lea5, and the other for an "oleosin" like gene - cold regulated (cor) genes belonging to five hybridization classes were isolated from Poncirus, two belonged to the group 2 Lea superfamily of stress proteins, the others show no significant homology to other known sequences - the expression of csa during cold acclimation was examined, and the expression of some of the cor genes were examined in response to salt stress - the influence of salinization on cold tolerance has been examined with seedling populations - conducted protein blot studies for expression of cold stress proteins during salt stress and vice versa