Journal articles on the topic 'A.K.Fazlul Huq'

AbstractIn the wake of the Government of India Act of 1935, provincial politics emerged as a challenge to the authority and legitimacy of all-India, centralised political parties. While the Congress and the Muslim League set up a binary opposition between secular and religious nationalism, provincial politicians refused to succumb to the singularity of either alternative. Partition historiography has been concerned with the interplay of national and communal ideologies in the 1940s, overshadowing this third trajectory of regional politics that was informed by provincial particularities. This article traces a short-lived alternative that emerged in Bengal between 1940 and 1943 under the premiership of Fazlul Huq. Huq produced a peculiar form of identity politics that appealed not only to religious sentiment but also to regional loyalty that cut across the religious divide. Significantly, he did so without resorting to secular claims. By challenging Jinnah's claim to being the sole spokesman of Muslims in India and highlighting the different concerns of a province with a Muslim majority, Huq reconciled the twin identities of religion and region within the same political paradigm, and foreshadowed the emergence of Bangladesh in 1971.

Adult bedbugs collected from Fazlul Huq Muslim Hall, University of Dhaka were identified as Cimex hemipterus Fabricius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae). The bedbug species was reared and its morphology and biology were studied in the laboratory at room temperature 28 ± 4ºC and 70 ± 10% RH. The average incubation period of the eggs was 7.67 ± 2.08 days. Average nymphal duration was 53.67 ± 2.52 days. The five stadia (stage durations) of the five nymphs were 8.33 ± 0.58, 12.0 ± 1.0, 11.33 ± 0.58, 12.0 ± 1.0 and 10.0 ± 1.0 days, respectively. Average time required from egg laying to adult emergence was 61.67 ± 3.21 days.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v21i2.11510 Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 21(2): 125-130, 2012 (July)

A cross-sectional study was conducted to know the occurrence of common diseases in staff and their family members in three residential halls of University of Dhaka. The individuals were interviewed about the diseases they encountered recently. Among 270 respondents, the highest occurrence of diarrhea (44.44%) was recorded among 16-30 years old staff of Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah hall. Peak occurrence of sinusitis (37.25%) was observed among the staff aged 31-45 years old of the same hall. The highest occurrence of eczema (37.5%) was observed among the staff aged 46-60 years old of Amar Ekushey hall. Diarrhoea was prevalent among the groups who preferred food from hotel comprising the highest prevalence (72.73%) in Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah hall (p = 5.024). The uppermost occurrence of jaundice was recorded among the staff of Fazlul Huq Muslim hall who used to take food from outside hotels (71.43%).Bangladesh J. Zool. 46(1): 45-52, 2018

AbstractThis paper details the history of the concept of Pakistan as debated by Bengali intellectuals and literary critics from 1940–1947. Historians of late colonial South Asia and analysts of Pakistan have focused on the Punjab along with colonial Indian ‘Muslim minority’ provinces and their spokesmen like Muhammed Ali Jinnah, to the exclusion of the cultural and intellectual aspects of Bengali conceptions of the Pakistan idea. When Bengal has come into focus, the spotlight has centred on politicians like Fazlul Huq or Hassan Shahid Suhrawardy. This paper aims to provide a corrective to this lacuna by analyzing Bengali Muslim conceptualizations of the idea of Pakistan. Bengali Muslim thinkers, such as Abul Mansur Ahmed, Abul Kalam Shamsuddin, and Farrukh Ahmed, blended concepts of Pakistan inside locally grounded histories of the Bengali language and literature and worked within disciplines of geography and political economy. Many Bengali Muslim writers from 1940 to 1947 creatively integrated concepts of Pakistan in poetry, updating an older Bengali literary tradition begun in earlier generations. Through a discussion of the social history of its emergence along with the role of geography, political thought, and poetry, this paper discusses the significance of ‘Pak-Bangla’ cultural nationalism within late colonial South Asian history.

Ni-rich layered oxides (LiNixCoyMnzO2, x≥0.8, x+y+z=1) would fulfil the energy density requirements of the automobile industry since they offer outstanding capacities at relatively high mean voltages and sufficient power densities1-3. However, the materials still show significant capacity and voltage fade which requires substantial research. Recently we have shown that the electronic structure is the key to understand the performance but also the failure of the materials1. Thus, we intend to modify the electronic structure using anionic dopants such as Boron. Thus, homogenous B-substituted NCM811s (BNCM811_x%, x% means the x at. % of Boron) are synthesized and the materials reveal a significant change in the electronic structure as evident from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS). Interestingly, a shift of the so called H2-H3 peak4 to higher potentials was observed by Boron substitution and BNCM811s_2% shows relative higher initial discharge capacity (Figure 1A.) at a slightly higher mean voltage, but a lower cycling stability compared to NCM811 (Figure 1B.). The H2-H3 differential capacity peak (Figure 1C) might also include oxygen release5, which is one of the main reasons restricting the cycling stability. Near edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS) shows that the H2-H3 peak corresponds to a reaction from Ni3+ to Ni2+ (upon charge) and Ni2+ to Ni3+ (upon discharge) which suggest a reaction like NiO2 ⥂ NiO + ½ O2 as the underlying process. At the same time, an Oxygen K peak at 531 eV appears in the NEXAFS spectra, which was assigned to O-O formation in the host structure of Li-rich materials6, 7. Note that the electronic structure of the materials was determined in 5 mAh/g steps over the H2-H3 peak and due to the high resolution, this process became visible for the first time. The findings suggest that dimer formation is not only a phenomenon of Li-rich materials but can also be found in Ni-rich layered oxides at high states of charge. The origin of dimer formation and oxygen release can be traced back to the electronic configuration of Ni. Charge transfer multiplet calculations reveal, that Ni2+ reacts to covalent Ni3+ upon charge (and vice versa upon discharge)1. Ni3+ has a 3d7 electronic state, whose low spin configuration is more preferred than its high spin configuration. Thus, Ni3+ is more prone to Jahn-Teller (JT) distortions and tends to form covalent bonds. Consequently, the electrons are more bound to the individual sites making a further oxidation of the transition metal almost impossible. In conclusion, Boron substitution helps us to understand the function and failure of layered oxides in Li-ion batteries on an atomistic scale and the findings can be used as a design guide for future materials. K. Kleiner, C. A. Murray, C. Grosu, B. Ying, M. Winter, P. Nagel, S. Schuppler and M. Merz, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2021. J. Zhao, W. Zhang, A. Huq, S. T. Misture, B. Zhang, S. Guo, L. Wu, Y. Zhu, Z. Chen and K. Amine, Advanced Energy Materials, 2017, 7, 1601266. S.-J. Yoon, K.-J. Park, B.-B. Lim, C. S. Yoon and Y.-K. Sun, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2014, 162, A3059. S. Jamil, G. Wang, L. Yang, X. Xie, S. Cao, H. Liu, B. Chang and X. Wang, Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2020, 8, 21306-21316. K. Märker, P. J. Reeves, C. Xu, K. J. Griffith and C. P. Grey, Chemistry of Materials, 2019, 31, 2545-2554. E. Hu, X. Yu, R. Lin, X. Bi, J. Lu, S. Bak, K.-W. Nam, H. L. Xin, C. Jaye and D. A. Fischer, Nature Energy, 2018, 3, 690-698. K. Kleiner, B. Strehle, A. R. Baker, S. J. Day, C. C. Tang, I. Buchberger, F.-F. Chesneau, H. A. Gasteiger and M. Piana, Chemistry of Materials, 2018, 30, 3656-3667. Figure 1

Background:As a consensus-based definition of minimally acceptable disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Lupus Low Disease Activity State (LLDAS) has been well-validated and widely accepted. However, no data about the time to LLDAS in Asian ethnicity has been reported so far.Objectives:To estimate the time to LLDAS and the predictors of time to LLDAS in our prospective observational cohort of Chinese patients with SLE.Methods:Patients were from Peking University First Hospital SLE cohort and those having not fulfilled LLDAS at enrolment were included in this study. The time to LLDAS and annual cumulative probabilities of LLDAS achievement were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier approach. The predictors of time to LLDAS were identified by univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards.Results:A total of 574 patients with SLE were included and 435 (75.8%) of them achieved LLDAS during a median 4.2 years of follow-up. The median time to LLDAS was 19.0 months and the cumulative probabilities at 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 years were 19.8%, 57.6%, 72.0%, 85.1% and 98.0%, respectively. In multivariable Cox models, older age at disease onset, treatment-naïve and hydroxychloroquine prescription were found to be independent predictors of shorter time to LLDAS, after adjusted by daily prednisone dose, SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 and physician’s global assessment. Finally, we developed a matrix model based on the identified independent predictors to present the time to LLDAS in patients with respective characteristics.Conclusion:Our study proved that LLDAS is attainable as an early treatment target for SLE in Chinese patients. The older age at disease onset, treatment-naïve and hydroxychloroquine prescription were independent predictors of shorter time to LLDAS.References:[1]Franklyn K, Lau CS, Navarra SV, Louthrenoo W, Lateef A, Hamijoyo L, Wahono CS, Chen SL, Jin O, Morton S, Hoi A, Huq M, Nikpour M, Morand EF; Asia-Pacific Lupus Collaboration. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016 Sep;75(9):1615-21.Table 1Baseline variables associated with LLDAS achievement based on multivariable Cox modelsCharacteristicsModel 1Model 2Model 3HR (95% CI)pvalueHR (95% CI)pvalueHR (95% CI)pvalueAge at disease onset, years1.010 (1.003-1.016)0.0051.009 (1.002-1.016)0.0101.010 (1.003-1.017)0.004Treatment-naïve1.346 (1.105-1.641)0.0031.425 (1.161-1.749)0.0011.484 (1.204-1.830)<0.001Nephritis0.776 (0.641-0.939)0.0091.066 (0.820-1.385)0.6340.925 (0.737-1.160)0.498SLEDAI0.968 (0.950-0.987)0.001PGA0.685 (0.551-0.853)0.001Daily prednisone (or equivalent) dose, mg/d1.003 (0.998-1.007)0.2661.005 (0.999-1.010)0.093HCQ1.638 (1.263-2.123)<0.0011.713 (1.318-2.225)<0.0011.664 (1.284-2.157)<0.001Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Методами поляризационных и импедансных измерений изучена кинетика реакции выделения водорода на MnSi-электроде в сернокислых растворах с различной концентрацией ионов водорода. Сделано предположение о механизме выделения водорода на силициде. Отмечено влияние тонкой оксидной пленки на кинетику выделения водорода на MnSi при невысоких катодных поляризациях. REFERENCES Rotinyan A. L., Tikhonov K. I., Shoshina I. A. Teoreticheskaya elektrokhimiya [Theoretical Electrochemistry]. Leningrad, Khimiya Publ., 1981, 424 p. (in Russ.) Antropov L. I. Teoreticheskaya elektrokhimiya [Theoretical Electrochemistry]. Мoscow, Vysshaya shkola Publ., 1984, 519 p. (in Russ.) Shamsul Huq A. K. M., Rosenberg A. J. J. Electrochemical behavior of nickel compounds. Electrochem. Soc. , 1964, v. 111(3), p. 270. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2426107 Vijh A. K., Belanger G., Jacques R. Electrochemical reactions oh iron silicide surfaces in sulphuric acid. 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Abstract Background: Limited information is available about treatments and clinical outcomes among men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) whose tumors harbor DNA damage repair (DDR) mutations. Methods: This retrospective chart review study included men diagnosed with mCRPC with ≥1 DDR mutation detected by tumor comprehensive genomic profiling who began a line of therapy on or after July 1, 2014, at oncology centers in the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Project Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange (GENIE) consortium. The index date was the initiation of a new therapy in this period, in patients who developed castration-resistant disease and progressed while receiving androgen deprivation therapy. Data on all available lines of therapy post-index were collected. Outcomes reported include time to treatment discontinuation for any reason (TTTD) and overall survival (OS), which were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analyses. Results for tumor response-related endpoints are forthcoming. Results: A total of 138 patients with mCRPC met the inclusion criteria. The mean age at index was 68 years, and 76% of patients were White. The median follow-up time was 27.1, 15.9, 11.3, and 9.4 months for 1L, 2L, 3L, and 4L+ therapy, respectively. Common sites of metastases included bone (74%), lymph nodes (69%), and lungs (10%). Common tumor DDR mutations included CDK12 (48%), BRCA2 (23%), ATM (21%), and BRCA1 (8%). Assessment of germline mutations was conducted in 114 (83%) patients; the most common was BRCA2 (8%). First-line (1L) treatment information was available for 119 (86%) patients, 2L for 101 (73%), and 3L for 75 (54%) patients. Novel hormonal therapy (NHT; 55%) and taxane chemotherapy (20%) were most common in 1L. Enzalutamide (35%) and abiraterone acetate (14%) were the most frequently used NHTs. Compared to 1L, the proportion of patients receiving NHTs was lower in 2L (33%) and 3L (17%), while the proportion of patients receiving taxanes was higher (36% in 2L and 31% in 3L). In 3L, poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors were used in 21% of patients. Median TTTD was 5.6 months (95% CI: 4.2, 7.2) in 1L, 3.9 months (95% CI: 3.0, 4.6) in 2L, and 4.0 months (95% CI: 3.3, 4.7) in 3L. Median OS was 36.3 months (95% CI: 30.7, 47.8) from the start of 1L, 21.1 months (95% CI: 15.6, 29.3) from the start of 2L, and 14.1 months (95% CI: 9.5, 20.5) from the start of 3L. Conclusions: These findings provide real-world insights about treatment patterns and clinical outcomes among patients with mCRPC harboring DDR mutations. Such insight may provide a helpful benchmark for research aimed at improving clinical outcomes, particularly in later lines of therapy. Citation Format: David B. Solit, Niharika B. Mettu, Shannon J. McCall, Mallika Dhawan, Priyanka J. Bobbili, Maral DerSarkissian, Jasmina Ivanova, Bhakti Arondekar, Jane Chang, Alexander Niyazov, Jocelyn Lee, Risha Huq, Michelle Green, Michelle Turski, Aruna Muthukumar, Tracy Guo, Mei Sheng Duh, William K. Oh. Treatment patterns and overall survival among men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer harboring DDR mutations [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 930.

This paper examines the idea of adding the authority of the Constitutional Court of Republic Indonesia to examine draft laws against the constitution of the basic law with a mechanism called judicial preview. This paper aims to examine the involvement of the judiciary, in this case the Constitutional Court, in the law-making process. This paper is a measure of the involvement of the Constitutional Court in the expansion of authority by examining the constitution against the draft law. The type of research used is library research in the form of normative research using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The research results obtained found that the existence of the Constitutional Court as the sole interpreter of the constitution shows that the involvement of the Constitutional Court in the law-making process has the potential to improve the quality and constitutionality of the draft law. In terms of functions and main tasks, the Constitutional Court can participate in the law-making process. The Constitutional Court is actually present as a judiciary activism that bases its function as a counter-majoritarian. Therefore, efforts to improve the principle of constitutional supremacy can be realized through input for future improvements. ___ Referensi Buku dengan penulis: Ali, A. (2009). Menguak Teori Hukum (Legal Theory) dan Teori Peradilan (Judicialprudence) termasuk Interpretasi Undang-Undang (Legisprudence). Jakarta: Kencana. Asshiddiqie, J. (2015). Konstitusi Bernegara: Praksis Kenegaraan Bermartabat dan Demokratis. Malang: Setara Press. Atmadja, I. D. G. (2010). Hukum Konstitusi: Problematika Konstitusi Indonesia Sesudah Perubahan UUD 1945. Malang: Setara Press. Black, H. C. (1910). Law Dictionary (p. 1147). St. Paul, Minn.: West Publishing Company. Isra, S. (2010). Menguatnya Model Legislasi Parlementer Dalam Sistem Presidensial Indonesia. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers. 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Model dan Implementasi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Pengujian Undang-Undang (Studi Putusan Tahun 2003-2012). Jurnal Konstitusi, 10(4), 675-708. Barroso, L. R. (2019). Countermajoritarian, Representative, and Enlightened: The Roles of Constitutional Courts in Democracies. The American Journal of Comparative Law, 67(1), 109-143. Gaffar, J. M. (2013). Peran Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Dalam Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia terkait Penyelenggaraan Pemilu. Jurnal Konstitusi, 10(1), 1-32. Hoesein, Z. A. (2012). Pembentukan Hukum dalam Perspektif Pembaruan Hukum. Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional, 1(3), 307-327. Kaimudin, A. (2019). Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Tenaga Kerja Anak Dalam Peraturan Perundang-Undangan di Indonesia. Jurnal Yurispruden, 2(1), 37-50. Manurung, O., Lubis, M. Y., & Affan, I. (2021). Tinjauan Yuridis Pancasila sebagai Staatfundamentalnorm Dalam Menghadapi Kapitalisme Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan Dalam Perspektif Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2012. Jurnal Ilmiah METADATA, 3(2), 490-507. Perwira, I. (2016). Refleksi Fenomena Judicialization of Politics pada Politik Hukum Pembentukan Mahkamah Konstitusi dan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Jurnal Konstitusi, 13(1), 25-47. Pratama, H. M., & Perdana, A. (2021). Judicialization of Politics in Indonesia’s Electoral System Case Study: Judicial Review on Threshold, Balloting Structure, and Simultaneous Election at Constitutional Court. Politik Indonesia: Indonesian Political Science Review, 6(1), 90-110. Prianto, W. (2024). Analisis Hierarki Perundang-Undangan berdasarkan Teori Norma Hukum oleh Hans Kelsen dan Hans Nawiasky. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan, 2(1), 08-19. Purwanda, S., & Dewi, M. N. K. (2020). The Effects of Monism and Pluralism on Legal Development of a Nation. Amsir Law Journal, 2(1), 21-26. Qamar, N. (2012). Kewenangan Judicial Review Mahkamah Konstitusi. Jurnal Konstitusi, 1(01), 1-15. Setiadi, W., Sadiawati, D., Meliala, A. J., Bakhtiar, H. S., & Harefa, B. (2021). The Role of Indonesia Constitutional Court Decision in the Process of Establishing the Law: A Case Study in the Process of Establishing the Law on General Elections. J. Legal Ethical & Regul. Isses, 24, 1. Soeroso, F. L. (2016). Pembaruan Hukum Acara Pengujian Peraturan Perundang-Undangan di Bawah Undang-Undang. Kajian, 19(4), 327-347. Soraya, A., Purwanda, S., & Taufik, M. (2023). Perbandingan Pengaturan Hukum Dalam KUHP Lama dan Baru bagi Anak yang menjadi Korban Perdagangan Orang. Dinamika Hukum, 24(2), 250-257. Sukmawan, D. I., & Pratama, S. (2023). Critical Review of the Constitutional Court’s Decision on the Presidential Threshold: Tinjauan Kritis mengenai Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi tentang Ambang Batas Pencalonan Presiden. Jurnal Konstitusi, 20(4), 556-575. Wicaksono, I. (2019). Optimalisasi Peran Mahkamah Konstitusi Dalam Pembangunan Hukum Nasional dengan Model Preventive Review. Majalah Hukum Nasional, 49(1), 91-116. Yulianto, A. (2020). Judicial Preview sebagai Mekanisme Penakaran Konstitusionalitas Rancangan Undang-Undang. JIL: Journal of Indonesian Law, 1(1), 1-34. Yulida, D., Herawati, R., & Indarja, I. (2021). Perluasan Kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi Dalam Menguji Konstitusionalitas Rancangan Undang-Undang Pengesahan Perjanjian Internasional melalui Judicial Preview. Diponegoro Law Journal, 10(2), 342-354. World Wide Web: Luxiana, K.M., (2023). 15 Permohonan Judicial Review UU Dikabulkan MK Sepanjang 2022. Diakses dari laman: https://news.detik.com/berita/d-6736080/15-permohonan-judicial-review-uu-dikabulkan-mk-sepanjang-2022

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh diversifikasi pembiayaan dengan beberapa kontrol variabel baik variabel internal bank maupun variabel eksternal terhadap NPF BPRS di Indonesia. Faktor internal terdiri dari aset, CAR, pembiayaan, efisiensi operasi, sedangkan variabel eksternal adalah kondisi ekonomi makro yaitu output domestik dan tingkat inflasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan data time series, bulan Januari 2010 sampai Desember 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL). Berdasarkan hasil uji kointegrasi terdapat hubungan jangka panjang dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa diversifikasi menyebabkan NPF yang tinggi. Selain itu, peningkatan CAR dan Inflasi menyebabkan meningkatkan NPF pada BPRS di Indonesia. Pembiayaan yang diproksi dengan rasio pembiayaan terhadap total aset menunjukkan pengaruh yang negatif terhadap NPF. Implikasi bagi BPRS yakni BPRS diharapkan lebih pada konsentrasi pembiayaan pada sektor tertentu karena akan mengurangi risiko pembiayaan bermasalah pada BPRS. selain itu BPRS dalam melakukan pembiayaan perlu menerapkan prinsip kehati-hatian agar dapat meningkatkan profitabilitas dan mengurangi pembiayaan bermasalah. kemudian bagi pemerintah diharapkan terus menjaga kondisi ekonomi sehingga dapat mengurangi risiko pembiayaan bermasalah. Kata Kunci: NPF, Diversifikasi, Pembiayaan, Inflasi, ARDL. ABSTRACT This research aims to analyze the effect of financing diversification with some variable controls on both internal bank variables and external variables to NPF of BPRS in Indonesia. Internal factors consist of assets, CAR, financing, operating efficiency. While external variables are macroeconomic conditions, i.e., domestic output and inflation rate. This study uses time-series data, from January 2010 to December 2019. The study used the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) method. Based on the cointegration test results, this study has a long-term relationship. This research shows that diversification leads to high NPF. In addition, the increase in CAR and Inflation led to an increase in NPF of BPRS in Indonesia. Projected financing with a ratio of financing to total assets negatively influences NPF. The implication for BPRS is that BPRS should focus on financing in specific segments because it will reduce the risk of non-performing financing. BPRS also needs to apply the prudential principle to increase profitability and reduce non-performing financing. In addition, the government must also maintain a stable economic condition to reduce the risk of non-performing financing. Keywords: NPF, Diversification, Financing, Inflation, ARDL. DAFTAR PUSTAKA Abidin, Z., Rumbaf, A. S., Iqbal, M., & Prabantarikso, R. M. (2020). Determinants of credit risk diversification in Indonesian banking industry. 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ABSTRAK Pesatnya perkembangan perbankan syariah di Indonesia menimbulkan tantangan baru bagi bank syariah untuk lebih mendiversifikasi kegiatannya. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk menganalisis dampak diversifikasi dan karakteristik bank pada profitabilitas bank umum syariah di Indonesia tahun 2015-2019 secara parsial maupun simultan. Diversifikasi diproksikan dengan diversifikasi pembiayaan berdasarkan akad dan diversifikasi pendapatan yang diukur menggunakan 1 - HHI (Herfindahl-Hirschman Index), sedangkan karakteristik bank diproksikan dengan non-performing financing dan ukuran bank. Menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode regresi data panel. Hasil menunjukkan secara parsial diversifikasi pembiayaan dan risiko pembiayaan berdampak signifikan negatif, ukuran bank berdampak positif signifikan, sedangkan diversifikasi pendapatan tidak berdampak signifikan terhadap profitabilitas BUS di Indonesia. Secara simultan diversifikasi dan karakteristik bank berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas BUS di Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Profitabilitas, diversifikasi pembiayaan, diversifikasi pendapatan, risiko pembiayaan, ukuran bank. ABSTRACT The rapid development of Islamic banking in Indonesia creates a new challenge for sharia banks to diversify. This study aims to investigate the impact of diversification and bank characteristics on the profitability of sharia commercial banks in Indonesia in 2015-2019 partially and simultaneously. In this study, diversification was proxied by financing diversification based on contracts and revenue diversification measured using 1 - HHI (Herfindahl-Hirschman Index), while bank characteristics were proxied by non-performing financing and bank size. Using a quantitative approach with panel data regression analysis. This study uses purposive sampling. The results show that partially, diversification and financing risk has a significant negative impact, bank size has a significant positive impact, while income diversification does not have a significant impact on the profitability of sharia commercial banks in Indonesia. Simultaneously, diversification and bank characteristics have a significant effect on the profitability of sharia commercial banks in Indonesia. Keywords: Profitability, financing diversification, income diversification, financing risk, and bank size. DAFTAR PUSTAKA Al-Harbi, A. (2019). The determinants of conventional banks profitability in developing and underdeveloped OIC countries. Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, 24(47), 4–28. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEFAS-05-2018-0043 Alkhouri, R., & Arouri, H. (2018). The effect of diversification on risk and return in banking sector Evidence from the Gulf Cooperation Council countries. International Journal of Managerial Finance, 15(1), 100-128. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMF-01-2018-0024 Azmat, S., Skully, M., & Brown, K. (2015). Can Islamic banking ever become Islamic? Pacific Basin Finance Journal, 34, 253–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2015.03.001 Bougatef, K., & Korbi, F. (2018). The determinants of intermediation margins in Islamic and conventional banks. Managerial Finance, 44(6), 704–721. https://doi.org/10.1108/MF-11-2016-0327 Brigham, E. F., & Houston, J. F. (2010). Dasar-dasar manajemen keuangan. Jakarta: Salemba Empat. Chowdhury, M. A. F., & Rasid, M. E. S. M. (2017). Determinants of performance of Islamic banks in GCC countries: Dynamic GMM approach. Advances in Islamic Finance, Marketing, and Management, 49–80. https://doi.org/10.1108/9781786358981 Elsas, R., Hackethal, A., & Holzhäuser, M. (2010). The anatomy of bank diversification. Journal of Banking and Finance, 34(6), 1274–1287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2009.11.024 Fahmi, I. (2017). Analisis laporan keuangan. Bandung: CV. Alfabeta. Hermawan, D., & Fitria, S. (2019). Pengaruh CAR, NPF, FDR, dan BOPO terhadap profitabilitas dengan variabel kontrol size (Studi kasus pada PT. Bank Muamalat Indonesia periode 2010-2017). Diponegoro Journal of Management, 8, 59–68. Jumingan. (2006). Analisis laporan keuangan. Jakarta: PT. Bumi Aksara. Kabir, M. N., Worthington, A., & Gupta, R. (2015). Comparative credit risk in Islamic and conventional bank. Pacific Basin Finance Journal, 34, 327–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2015.06.001 Lam, T., & Nguyen, A. (2018). Diversification and bank efficiency in six ASEAN countries. Global Finance Journal, 37, 57–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfj.2018.04.004 Lee, S. P., & Isa, M. (2017). Determinants of bank margins in a dual banking system. Managerial Finance, 43(6), 630-645. https://doi.org/10.1108/MF-07-2016-0189 Lestari, W. A., Tanuatmodjo, H., & Cakhyaneu, A. (2020). Diversification of financing as an effort to increase profitability at Islamic comercial banks in Indonesia. Review of Islamic Economics and Finance, 3(1), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.20414/iqtishaduna.v11i1.1131 Masruroh, M. (2018). Diversifikasi pembiayaan sebagai upaya peningkatan profitabilitas di bank syariah. Al-Tijary, 3(2), 117. https://doi.org/10.21093/at.v3i2.1102 Menicucci, E., & Paolucci, G. (2016). The determinants of bank profitability: Empirical evidence from European banking sector. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 14(1), 86-115. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRA-05-2015-0060 Meslier, C., Tacneng, R., & Tarazi, A. (2014). Is bank income diversification beneficial ? Evidence from an emerging economy. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions & Money, 31, 97–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2014.03.007 Meyrantika, D. N., & Haryanto, M. (2017). 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ABSTRAK Pesatnya perkembangan perbankan syariah di Indonesia menimbulkan tantangan baru bagi bank syariah untuk lebih mendiversifikasi kegiatannya. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk menganalisis dampak diversifikasi dan karakteristik bank pada profitabilitas bank umum syariah di Indonesia tahun 2015-2019 secara parsial maupun simultan. Diversifikasi diproksikan dengan diversifikasi pembiayaan berdasarkan akad dan diversifikasi pendapatan yang diukur menggunakan 1 - HHI (Herfindahl-Hirschman Index), sedangkan karakteristik bank diproksikan dengan non-performing financing dan ukuran bank. Menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode regresi data panel. Hasil menunjukkan secara parsial diversifikasi pembiayaan dan risiko pembiayaan berdampak signifikan negatif, ukuran bank berdampak positif signifikan, sedangkan diversifikasi pendapatan tidak berdampak signifikan terhadap profitabilitas BUS di Indonesia. Secara simultan diversifikasi dan karakteristik bank berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas BUS di Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Profitabilitas, diversifikasi pembiayaan, diversifikasi pendapatan, risiko pembiayaan, ukuran bank. ABSTRACT The rapid development of Islamic banking in Indonesia creates a new challenge for sharia banks to diversify. This study aims to investigate the impact of diversification and bank characteristics on the profitability of sharia commercial banks in Indonesia in 2015-2019 partially and simultaneously. In this study, diversification was proxied by financing diversification based on contracts and revenue diversification measured using 1 - HHI (Herfindahl-Hirschman Index), while bank characteristics were proxied by non-performing financing and bank size. Using a quantitative approach with panel data regression analysis. This study uses purposive sampling. The results show that partially, diversification and financing risk has a significant negative impact, bank size has a significant positive impact, while income diversification does not have a significant impact on the profitability of sharia commercial banks in Indonesia. Simultaneously, diversification and bank characteristics have a significant effect on the profitability of sharia commercial banks in Indonesia. Keywords: Profitability, financing diversification, income diversification, financing risk, and bank size. DAFTAR PUSTAKA Al-Harbi, A. (2019). The determinants of conventional banks profitability in developing and underdeveloped OIC countries. Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, 24(47), 4–28. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEFAS-05-2018-0043 Alkhouri, R., & Arouri, H. (2018). The effect of diversification on risk and return in banking sector Evidence from the Gulf Cooperation Council countries. International Journal of Managerial Finance, 15(1), 100-128. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMF-01-2018-0024 Azmat, S., Skully, M., & Brown, K. (2015). Can Islamic banking ever become Islamic? Pacific Basin Finance Journal, 34, 253–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2015.03.001 Bougatef, K., & Korbi, F. (2018). The determinants of intermediation margins in Islamic and conventional banks. Managerial Finance, 44(6), 704–721. https://doi.org/10.1108/MF-11-2016-0327 Brigham, E. F., & Houston, J. F. (2010). Dasar-dasar manajemen keuangan. Jakarta: Salemba Empat. Chowdhury, M. A. F., & Rasid, M. E. S. M. (2017). Determinants of performance of Islamic banks in GCC countries: Dynamic GMM approach. Advances in Islamic Finance, Marketing, and Management, 49–80. https://doi.org/10.1108/9781786358981 Elsas, R., Hackethal, A., & Holzhäuser, M. (2010). The anatomy of bank diversification. Journal of Banking and Finance, 34(6), 1274–1287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2009.11.024 Fahmi, I. (2017). 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Moringa leaf-based fish feed is feed that is processed by pond farmers in Gampong Reuleut Timur, Muara Batu District, North Aceh, using Moringa leaf raw materials that have good nutritional content and are in accordance with fish needs. This feed is relatively cheap with protein content that meets the needs of fish. However, the feed has not been able to reach a wide market. This is due to the lack of knowledge of farmers about marketing strategies. The service team, through community service activities, aims to provide counseling about marketing strategies for artificial fish feed. Service activities were carried out in Gampong Reuleut Timur, Muara Batu District, North Aceh Regency. Extension activities were carried out by presenting material on the 4P marketing strategy, namely product, price, place, and promotion, and distributing questionnaires to participants to evaluate their understanding of the material. The result of this activity is the increased understanding and knowledge of partners about the 4P marketing strategy, with the hope that later it will be applied to the business that has been occupied in order to obtain maximum profit.<img 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

Şanyü Modu’nun iktidarından (M.Ö. 209-174) Şanyü Jünchen döneminin (M.Ö. 161-126) sonlarına kadar Hunlar İç Asya’nın tek hakim gücü olarak Çin’i tahakküm altında tutmayı başarmışlardı. Han hanedanının büyük imparatoru Wudi’nin Hun tehdidine karşı M.Ö. 129 civarında başlattığı kuzey ve batı yönündeki geniş-çaplı hücum stratejisi başarılı generaller sayesinde bilhassa Şanyü Yizhixie döneminde Hunların ciddi kayıplar verdiği ağır yenilgilerle sonuçlanmış ve Çin üzerindeki Hun hakimiyeti kesin bir şekilde kalkmıştı (M.Ö. 129-119). Hunlar Kansu’yu (Hexi Koridoru) kaybetmekle kalmamış, Ordos – Gobi’nin güneyindeki pay-i taht merkezlerini de yukarı Moğolistan’a taşımışlardı. M.Ö. 60’da I. Hun İç Savaşı patlak vermiş ve M.Ö. 53’de Zhizhi’nin iktidara gelmişti. Sürdüğü kardeşi Huhanye, Çin’in desteğiyle bir süre sonra Kuzey’e dönerek tahta geçerken, askeri üstünlüğüyle bilinen Zhizhi ise Batı’ya hareket etmiştir. Balkaş Gölü – Talas Nehri hattına kadar topraklarını genişleten ve Kangju devletini (Soğdiyana) kendine bağlayan Zhizhi, M.Ö. 36’da Çinliler tarafından kuşatılarak öldürüldü. Huhanye’den itibaren Çin’in “vasalı” konumunda kalan Hunlar, özellikle Şanyü Huduershi döneminde tekrar eski gücüne kavuşmuş ve Çin’e (Sonraki Han/Doğu Han: M.S. 25-206) karşı vasal statüsünü kaldırarak büyük bir tehdite dönüşmüştü. Lakin, M.S. 46’da veraset sırasından kaynaklanan yeni bir İç Savaş yaşanmış; karizmatik lider Punu Hun Şanyüsü olurken, esasında verasette daha önde gelen Bi güneye inerek taraftarlarının da desteğiyle kendini Şanyü ilan etmiş ve “tam vasal” statüsüyle Han’a bağlanmıştı. Bu dönemden itibaren Çin’in organizasyonu ile Kuzey Hunlarına karşı Doğu’da Xianbei (Siyenpi) ve Wuhuan’lar, Kuzey’de akraba Dingling’ler, Güney’de “kardeş” Güney Hunları, Tibetli Qiang’lar ve hatta kısa bir zaman önceye kadar vasalları olan Batı’daki Türkistan’ın vaha devletleri de dahil olmak üzere devasa bir ittifak oluşturuldu. M. S. 87’de Şanyü Youliu’nun, Siyenpiler tarafından öldürülerek derisinin yüzülmesi hadisesi, Hun tarihi için bir dönüm noktası ve yeni bir dönemin habercisi olacaktır. Bilhassa M. S. 89-91 senelerinde Doğu Tanrı Dağları, Moğolistan ve Altaylar’ın güney eteklerinde alınan ağır yenilgilerden sonra mağlup Kuzey Hun boyları 200.000’den fazla bir nüfus ile İli Vadisi, Yedi-su ve Doğu Kazakistan’a göç ederken boşalan Hun topraklarına ise Siyenpiler yerleşti. Kaynaklara göre Dou Xian’ın hibrid-ittifak ordularından kaçan bu Hunlar idari-geleneklerine göre “Yabgu” unvanı taşıyan bir devlet kurmuşlardır. Bu süreç kesin olarak Hunlar’ın Doğu Türkistan’ın batısından Hazar Denizi’nin kuzeyine uzanan bozkırlardaki yeni yayılma dönemi başlatmıştır. M.S. IV. yüzyılın ortalarında (M.S. 350-370) işte bu Hunların torunlarının önderliğinde farklı yönlere (Kuzey-batı ve Güney-batı) hareket eden aynı damara mensup iki grup; Avrupa, Batı Türkistan–Toharistan, İran ve Kuzey Hindistan’da tarihe yön verecek bir akışın baş aktörleri olacaklardır. Konumuzu oluşturan Batı Türkistan Hunları, muhtelif kaynaklarda Chionitae, Kermichion, Karmir Hyon, Alhon, Huna, Sveta Huna, Hyaona, Hyôn-Xiyon, Hon-k’–Kuşank, Kidarita, Hua-Yeda; Ephthalita, hep’t‘hal, Hēvtāl, Haytal/Hetal – Türk gibi farklı isimlerle gözükmüşlerdir. Sosyo-kültürel gelenekleri ve inanç sistemleri hususunda Roma, Bizans, İran, Çin ve Hint kaynaklarından gelen sınırlı ve kısmen çelişkili bilgiler; onların kendi Hun-Türk bozkır geleneklerini net bir şekilde taşımakla beraber hakim oldukları coğrafyalardaki köklü yerleşik halklar ile bilhassa Kuzey Tibet göçebelerine mahsus hususiyetleri bünyelerinde barındırdıklarını göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla egemen oldukları coğrafyaların tarihsel ve kültürel gücüyle doğrudan ilişkili olarak kendilerini de mirasçıları olarak addettikleri Kuşanlar gibi kurdukları idarelerde senkretik bir yapının varlığı dikkatleri çekmektedir.

Introduction As street protests and clashes between citizens and authorities in places as different as Ferguson, Missouri and Hong Kong in autumn 2014 demonstrate, everyday life in many parts of the world is characterised by conflicting and competing sets of cultural norms, values, and practices. The idea that groups create cultures that stand in contrast to “mainstream” or “dominant culture” is nothing new—sociology’s earliest scholars sought cultural explanations for social “dysfunctions” such as anomie and deviance. Yet our interest in this article is not about the problems that marginalised and non-normative groups face, but rather with the cultures that are created as part of dealing with those problems. Milton Yinger begins his 1982 book, Countercultures: The Promise and Peril of a World Turned Upside Down, by contrasting multiple perspectives on countercultures. Some thinkers have characterised countercultures as not only a mundane feature of social life, but as a necessary one: Countercultures and the many types of intentional communities they commonly create are not social aberrations. For thousands of years there have been attempts to provide alternatives for the existing social order in response to the perennial grounds for dissent: hierarchy and privilege […,] disgust with hedonism and consumerism […, and] a decline in the quality of life. (Yinger, Countercultures 1) Others, however, have discursively delegitimised countercultures by characterising them as something in between naiveté and unschooled arrogance. Speaking specifically about hippies in the 1960s, Bell argued that the so-called counter-culture was a children’s crusade that sought to eliminate the line between fantasy and reality and act out in life its impulses under a banner of liberation. It claimed to mock bourgeois prudishness, when it was only flaunting the closet behavior of its liberal parents. It claimed to be new and daring when it was only repeating in more raucous form […] the youthful japes of a Greenwich Village bohemia of a half century before. It was less a counter-culture than a counterfeit culture. (xxvi-xxvii) If Bell is at all right, then perhaps countercultures may be better understood as subcultures, a term that may not require the idea of opposition (but see Gelder; Williams, Subcultural). To tease this distinction out, we want to consider the value of the counterculture concept for the study of oppositional subcultures. Rather than uncritically assuming what counter means, we take a more analytical view of how “counter,” as similar to other terms such as “resistant” and “oppositional,” has been articulated by social scientists. In doing this, we focus our attention on scholarly works that have dealt explicitly with group cultures “that sharply contradict the dominant norms and values of the society of which that group is a part” (Yinger, Countercultures 3). The Relationship between Counterculture and Subculture Many scholars point to the Chicago School of sociology as developing the first clear articulation of subcultural groups that differed clearly from mainstream society (see for example, Gelder and Thornton; Hannerz, E.; Williams, Youth). Paul G. Cressey, Frederic Thrasher, and later William Foote Whyte each provide exemplary empirical studies of marginal groups that were susceptible to social problems and therefore more likely to develop cultures that were defined as problematic for the mainstream. Robert Merton argued that marginalised groups formed as individuals tried to cope with the strain they experienced by their inability to access the cultural means (such as good education and good jobs) needed to achieve mainstream cultural goals (primarily, material success and social status), but Albert Cohen and others subsequently argued that such groups often reject mainstream culture in favour of a new, alternative culture instead. Within a few years, conceptual distinctions among these alternative cultures were necessary, with counterculture and subculture being disambiguated in American sociology. Yinger originally employed the term contraculture but eventually switched to the more common counterculture. Subculture became most often tied either to the study of religious and ethnic enclaves (Mauss) or to deviance and delinquency (Arnold), while counterculture found its currency in framing the cultures of more explicitly political groups and movements (see for example, Cushman; George and Starr). Perhaps the clearest analytical distinction between the terms suggested that subculture refer to ascribed differences based upon socio-economic status, ethnicity, religion (and so on) in relation to the mainstream, whereas counterculture should refer to groups rooted in an explicit rejection of a dominant culture. This is similar to the distinction that Ken Gelder makes between subcultures based upon marginalisation versus non-normativity. Counterculture became best used wherever the normative system of a group contains, as a primary element, a theme of conflict with the values of the total society, where personality variables are directly involved in the development and maintenance of the group's values, and wherever its norms can be understood only by reference to the relationships of the group to a surrounding dominant culture. (Yinger, Contraculture 629) Even at that time, however, such a neat distinction was problematic. Sociologist Howard S. Becker demonstrated that jazz musicians, for example, experienced a problem shared in many service occupations, namely that their clients did not possess the ability to judge properly the value of the service rendered, yet nevertheless sought to control it. As a consequence, a subculture emerged based on the opposition of “hip” musicians to their “square” employers’ cultural sensibilities. Yet Becker framed their experiences as subcultural rather than countercultural, as deviant rather than political (Becker 79-100). Meanwhile, the political connotations of “counterculture” were solidifying during the 1960s as the term became commonly used to describe aspects of the civil rights movement in the US, hippie culture, and the anti-Vietnam or peace movement. By the end of the 1960s, subculture and counterculture had become analytically distinct terms within sociology. Cultural Studies and the Class-ification of Counterculture The reification of subculture and counterculture as ontologically distinct phenomena was more or less completed in the 1970s through a series of publications on British youth cultures and subcultures (see Hall and Jefferson; Hebdige; Mungham and Pearson). The Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (CCCS) in particular expended a great deal of collective mental energy theorising the material base upon which cultures—and in particular spectacular youth subcultures such as mods and punk—exist. As with Marxist analyses of culture more generally, class was considered a key analytic variable. In the definitive theoretical statement on subculture, Clarke, Hall, Jefferson, and Roberts argued that “the most fundamental groups are the social classes, and the major cultural configurations will be […] ‘class cultures’” (13). Subcultures were thus seen as ideological reactions to the material conditions experienced and made meaningful within working class “parent culture.” This is what made youth subcultures sub—a part of the working-class—as well as cultural—the process of expressing their structural position. Given the Marxist orientation, it should go without saying that subcultures, as working-class youth cultures, were seen as naturally in a state of conflict with bourgeois culture. But that approach didn’t account well for counter-currents that emerged from within the middle-class, whose relationship with the means of production was markedly different, and so the concept of counterculture was appropriated to describe a distinctly middle-class phenomenon. The idea that counterculture represented an overtly political response from within the dominant culture itself fitted with work by Theodore Roszak and Frank Musgrove, and later Yinger (Countercultures) and Ulf Hannerz, who each defined counterculture through its political and activist orientations stemming from a crisis within the middle-class. To further differentiate the concepts, the CCCS dismissed the collective aspect of middle-class resistance (see Clarke et al., 58-9, for a list of phenomena they considered exemplary of middle-class counterculture), describing it as more “diffuse, less group-oriented, [and] more individualised” than its working-class counterpart, the latter “clearly articulated [as] ‘near’ or ‘quasi’-gangs” (Clarke et al. 60). And whereas subcultures were centred on leisure-time activities within working-class environments, countercultures were concerned with a blurring of the boundaries between work and leisure. This conceptualisation was problematic at best, not least because it limits counterculture to the middle-class and subculture to the working class. It also gave considerably more agency and consequence to middle-class youths. It seemed that countercultures, with their individualist tendencies, offered individuals and groups choices about what and how to resist, as well as some expectations for social change, while subculturalists, locked within an unfortunate class position, could only resist dominant culture “at the profoundly superficial level of appearances” (Hebdige 17). Beyond the Limits of Class Cultures By 1980 cultural studies scholars had begun disassembling the class-basis of subcultures (see for example, G. Clarke; McRobbie; Griffin). Even though many studies still focused on stylised forms of opposition, subcultural scholarship increasingly emphasised subcultures such as punk as reflecting a more explicitly politicised resistance against the dominant or mainstream culture. Some scholars suggested that “mainstream culture” was used as a contrastive device to exaggerate the distinctiveness of those who self-identity as different (see U. Hannerz; Copes and Williams), while others questioned what subcultures could be seen as existing independently from, or in assumed opposition to (see Blackman; Thornton). In such cases, we can see a move toward reconciling the alleged limits of subculture as a countercultural concept. Instead of seeing subcultures as magical solutions and thus inevitably impotent, more recent research has considered the agency of social actors to overcome social divisions such as race, gender, and class. On the dance floor in particular, youth culture was theorised as breaking free of its class-binding shackles. Along with this break came the rhetorical distancing from CCCS’s definitions of subculture. The attempted development of “post-subculture” studies around the Millennium focused on consumptive behaviours among certain groups of youths and concluded that consumption rather than opposition had become a hallmark of youth culture broadly (see Bennett, Popular; Huq; Muggleton). For these scholars, the rave and club cultures of the 1990s, and others since, represent youth culture as hedonistic and relatively apolitical. “Post-subculture” studies drew in part on Steve Redhead’s postmodern approach to youth culture as found in The Clubcultures Reader and its companion text, From Subcultures to Clubcultures (Redhead). These texts offered a theoretical alternative to the CCCS’s view of oppositional subcultures and recognition that subcultural style could no longer be understood as a representation of ideological strain among working-class youths. Carried forward in volumes by David Muggleton and Rupert Weinzierl,,among others, “post-subcultural” scholarship criticised prior subcultural research for having objectified/reified mainstream/subcultural boundaries and authenticities, echoing Gary Clarke’s remark that the sharp distinction between us and them “rests upon [subculturalists’] consideration of the rest of society as being straight, incorporated in a consensus, and willing to scream undividedly loud in any moral panic” (71). Instead, the mixtures of punk, mod, skinhead and/or hippy styles among club-goers signalled “entirely new ways of understanding how young people perceive the relationship between music taste and visual style…revealing the infinitely malleable and interchangeable nature of the latter as these are appropriated and realised by individuals as aspects of consumer choice” (Bennett, Subcultures 613). Reincorporating the Counter into Subculture Studies The postmodern focus on cultural fluidity, individuality, and consumption highlights to some extent the agency that individuals have to make choices about the cultures in which they participate. To be sure, the postmodern and post-subculture critiques of class-based subculture studies were quite influential in the development of more recent subcultural scholarship, though not necessarily as they were intended. Much of the theoretical rhetoric of post-subculture scholarship (over-)emphasised heterogeneity, contingency, and play, which drew attention away from the collective identities and practices that continue to characterise many subcultures and groups. Fortunately, other scholars over the last decade have been critical of that approach’s failure to deal with perennial concerns related to participation in alternative cultural groups, including consumption (Buckingham), voice (Bae and Ivashkevich), education (Tuck and Yang), and group affiliation (Pilkington), among others. We want to follow this trajectory by explicitly reiterating the continuing significance of the “counter” aspects of subcultures. Two trends in social theory are exemplary in this reiteration. The first trend is a growing interest in re-theorizing resistance to refer to “a contribution to progressive transformations and radical changes in social and cultural structures” (Johansson and Lalander) rather than to a set of styles and practices through which working-class youth impotently rage against the machine. Resistance is qualitatively different from rebellion, which is often framed in terms of unconscious or irrational behaviour (Raby); resistance is first and foremost intentional. Subcultures articulate resistance to mainstream/dominant culture and may be measured across several continua, including passive to active, micro to macro, covert to overt, individual to collective, and local to global (see Williams, Resistance; E. Hannerz). Participants in countercultures see themselves as being more critically aware of what is happening in the world than the average person, believe that they act on that critical awareness in their thoughts, words, and/or deeds, and electively detach themselves from “involuntary or unconscious commitments” (Leary 253) to mainstream culture, refusing to uncritically follow the rules. The concept of resistance thus gives some momentum to attempts to clarify the extent to which members of alternative cultures intentionally break with the mainstream. The links between resistance and counterculture are explicitly dealt with in recent scholarship on music subcultures. Graham St John’s work on electronic dance music culture (EDMC), for example, offers a complex analysis of resistant practices that he conceptualizes as countercultural. Participation in EDMC is seen as more than simple hedonism. Rather, EDMC provides the scripts necessary for individuals to pursue freedom from various forms of perceived oppression in everyday life. At a more macro level, Madigan Fichter’s study of counterculture in Romania similarly frames resistance and political dissent as key variables in the articulation of a counterculture. Some recent attempts at invoking counterculture seem less convincing. Noting that counterculture is a relatively “unpopular term in social scientific research,” Hjelm, Kahn-Harris, and LeVine nevertheless proceed to theorize heavy metal as countercultural by drawing on the culture’s “transgressive” (14) qualities and “antagonistic […] attempts to shock and provoke [as well as] those occasions when metal, by its very presence, is shocking” (15). Other studies have similarly articulated “countercultures” in terms of behaviours that transgress mainstream sensibilities (see for example, Arthur and Sherman; Kolind). It is debatable at best, however, whether hedonism, transgression, or provocation are sufficient qualities for counterculture without concomitant cultural imperatives for both resistance and social change. This leads into a brief comment on a second trend, which is the growing interconnectedness of social theories that attend to subcultures on the one hand and “new” social movements (NSMs) on the other. “Traditional” social movements, such as the civil rights and labour movements, have been typically organised by and for people excluded in some way from full rights to participate in society, for example the rights to political participation or basic economic protection. NSMs, however, often involve people who already enjoy full rights as members of society, but who reject political and economic processes that injure them or others, such as marginalised groups, animals, or the environment. Some movements are contentious in nature, such as the Occupy-movement, and thus quite clearly antagonistic toward mainstream political-economy. NSM theories (see Pichardo), however, also theorize the roles of culture and collective identity in supporting both opposition to dominant processes and strategies for alternative practices. Other NSMs foster lifestyles that, through the minutiae of everyday practice, promote a ground-up reaction to dominant political-economic practices (see Haenfler, Johnson, and Jones). Both contentious and lifestyle movements are relatively diffuse and as such align with traditional conceptualisations of both subculture and counterculture. NSM theory and subcultural theories are thus coming together in a moment where scholars are seeking distinctly cultural understandings of collective lifestyles of resistance and social change. Conclusion Recent attempts to rephrase subcultural theory have combined ideas of the Birmingham and Chicago Schools with more contemporary approaches such as social constructivism and new social movements theory. Together, they recognise a couple of things. First, culture is not the determining structure it was once theorised to be. The shift in understanding subcultural groups as rooted in ascribed characteristics—being naturally different due to class, ethnicity, age, or to location (Park; Cohen; Clarke et al.)—to one in which subcultures are intentional articulations created by people, highlights the agency of individuals and groups to create culture. The break with realist/objectivist notions of culture offers promising opportunities for understanding resistance and opposition more generally. Second, the “counter” continues to be relevant in the study of subcultures. Subcultural participation these days is characterised as much or more by non-normativity than by marginalisation. As such, subcultures represent intentional protests against something outside themselves. Of course, we do not mean to suggest this is always and everywhere the case. 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