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Dang Huu, Phuc, Guo Feng Luo, and Minh Pham Quang. "SiO2@LaOF:Eu3+ in white light emitting diodes optic efficiency enhancement." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 4 (August 1, 2022): 1945–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i4.4065.
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The earliest intense red hue compound of SiO2@LaOF:Eu3+ core-shell nanostructures (NS) was created utilizing a basic solvothermal technique and heat processing. The produced core-shell particles are spherical, non-agglomerated, and have restricted size dispersion. Photoluminescence (PL) radiation spectra exhibit sharp maximums in 593, 611, and 650 nm, corresponding with 5D0 -- 7FJ (J=0, 1, 2) Eu3+ conversions. The Judd-Ofelt (J-O) hypothesis helps determine the spectrum strength indices and Eu-O ligand activities. The CIE coordinates are x=0.63, y=0.36, nearly equal the NTSC coordinates which are x=0.67, y=0.33. Because of the CCT level of 3475 K, which is lower than 5000 K, this phosphor is appropriate for warm light-emitting diodes. To visualize latent fingermarks both porous and non-porous substrates, the fluorescent labeling marker adapted core-cover SiO2 (coat III)@LaOF:Eu3+ (5 mol%) was utilized. With no background influence, the fingermarks obtained are exceedingly sensible and exclusive, permitting for fingerprint ridge features ranging from level-I to level-III. The findings indicate the significant enhancement in the illumination of corecover NS as a responsive operational nanoparticle for increased forensics and firm status illuminating implementations.
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Dumroese, R. Kasten, Robert L. James, and David L. Wenny. "An Assessment of Cylindrocarpon on Container Western White Pine Seedlings After Outplanting." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/15.1.5.
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Abstract Cylindrocarpon root disease can destroy root systems of container seedlings. Foresters were concerned that infected nursery stock would perform poorly after outplanting. Root growth potential tests were a poor predictor of disease levels on seedlings that otherwise met standard morphological criteria (height, stem diameter, and firm root plugs) for outplanting. Cylindrocarpon on western white pine persists longer on outplanted stock than Fusarium oxysporum or F. proliferatum on Douglas-fir seedlings on a similar site. Mortality caused by herbivores was as serious a threat to plantation establishment as was mortality caused by all other factors. Our results suggest that western white pine seedlings infected with Cylindrocarpon, but meeting morphological criteria for outplanting, will perform satisfactorily in the field. West. J. Appl. For. 15(1):5-7.
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Pastory, Dickson. "ASSESMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF HOUSE COUNTRY MACROECONOMICS ON PERFORMANCE CROSS LISTED FIRMS IN EAST AFRICA." J-MACC : Journal of Management and Accounting 5, no. 2 (October 30, 2022): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52166/j-macc.v5i2.3479.
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This study makes assessment of the effects of host country macroeconomic factors on the performance of cross listed firms in East Africa. It uses quarterly time series from March 2010 to December 2020. The study used stock prices of five Kenyan companies that are cross listed in the stock markets of Uganda and Tanzania. The overall model capturing the impact of the macroeconomic factors on the average prices of stocks shows that interest rate exerts positive and significant impact on the stock market performance, while, inflation has negative and significant effects on the stock market performance in both Uganda and Tanzania. GDP is statistically not significant in influencing the stock prices in both countries. On the other hand, the model that captures individual effect provides mixed result in both Uganda and Tanzania, with the negative effect of inflation reported in three firms in Uganda and two firms in Tanzania; while, a positive effect is found in one firm listed in Uganda and two firms listed in Tanzania. Similarly, the effect of interest rate is positive for three firms in both Uganda and Tanzania; and it is negative in one firm listed in both USE and DSE. GDP negatively affect stock prices of two firms in Tanzania and positively affect the prices of one firm in Uganda.
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M, Arthur-Aidoo B., Aigbavboa C, and Thwala W. D. "Evaluating Entrepreneurial Features of Firm's Growth Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 3(J) (July 20, 2017): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i3(j).1756.
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The growth of Small and medium-size firms cannot ensue without the entrepreneurial features and the environment that the firm operates. The entrepreneurial characteristics, therefore, are vital due to the unique individualism of firm owners or sponsors. Construction SME growth-oriented firms are a significant contributor to Ghana's economic gain. Conversely, the concept of growth varies from one entrepreneur to the others depending on the exhibited skills by the entrepreneurs, hence entrepreneurial features. Numerous factors influence the entrepreneurial features as a factor of firm’s growth. Some are of the factors are established and categorised as having strong influence while others are classified weak. This study, therefore, adopted the confirmatory factor analytical technique to justify the factors after exploring. To achieve the goal of the study, respondents such as firm owners, SME managers and construction professionals engaged by SMEs as the population were administered with questionnaires. In all, 315 questionnaires were given out in the form of semi-structured structured, but only 228 were retrieved for analysis representing a responds rate of 72 percent. The study established Cronbach alpha and composite reliability values that predicted the entrepreneurial feature as a subsequent determinant of firm’s growth. Additionally, the hypothesis was supported statistically suggesting that there is a direct relationship between entrepreneurial features and firm growth.
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Woyshner, Christine. "School Desegregation and Civil Society: The Unification of Alabama's Black and White Parent-Teacher Associations, 1954–1971." History of Education Quarterly 51, no. 1 (February 2011): 49–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2010.00310.x.
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In early September 1956, Martha Rutledge—the president of the all-white Alabama State Parent-Teacher Association—released a statement to the press intended to clarify the organization's position on the Brown v. Board of Education decision and the desegregation of schools in her state: As president of the Alabama Congress, I am a firm believer in the Southern way of life. The entire organization of the Alabama congress is made up of people who believe in the Southern way of life. There is no organization anywhere that practices segregation more than the Alabama P-TA or an organization that will work toward maintaining segregation in our schools with any more force.
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TITO MARTA SUGEMA DASUKI. "PENGARUH ARUS KAS OPERASI, FIRM SIZE, DAN MOMENTUM TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN YANG TERDAFTAR DALAM INDEKS LQ 45 PERIODE 2014 – 2018 DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA." J-AKSI : JURNAL AKUNTANSI DAN SISTEM INFORMASI 1, no. 1 (March 10, 2020): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.31949/j-aksi.v1i1.177.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cash flows from operating activities, firm size (Firm Size) and momentum on stock returns. The variables of this study consist of cash flow from operating activities, firm size (Firm Size) in proxies with total assets, momentum and stock return.
The research method used is descriptive and verifikatif analysis. The population in this study are companies listed in the LQ 45 index period 2014-2018. While the sample in this study is determined by purposive sampling method so that obtained 16 sample companies. The analytical method used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis method which is done with the help of computer program SPSS version 21.0 for windows, in the use of multiple regression model of research data must be free from the possible deviations of classical assumptions, namely normality test, multicolinearity test, test of autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity test, besides the coefficient of determination analysis is used to describe the ability of independent variable in explaining the dependent variable, while the t-test and F-statistic test are used to test the effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable partially and simultaneously.
The results of this study show that partially cash flow from operating activities, and firm size (Firm Size) in proxikan with total assets do not affect the stock return. While momentum has a significant effect on stock return. Simultaneously show that cash flow from operational activity, firm size (Firm Size) and momentum have significant effect to stock return.
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Nasrin, Taslima Ayesha Aktar, Md Nazrul Islam, Md Atiqur Rahman, Most Sadia Arfin, Mafruha Afroz, Mohhammad Minuddin Molla, Ashfak Ahmed Sabuz, and Md Abdul Matin. "Physicochemical quality of cauliflower as influenced by cling film wrapping during storage." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 12, no. 2 (January 24, 2023): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v12i2.64103.
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Compact, medium size, white to creamy cauliflower curds were packed into different packaging techniques like i. without packaging (control); ii. packed in low density polyethylene (LDPE) bag with 1% perforation; iii. wrapped with polyethylene (PE) cling film and iv. newspaper (locally used). Half of each treatment was kept at (6±1°C and 50±5% RH) and the other half was kept at ambient conditions (25±3°C and 60±5% RH). LDPE bag or PE cling film has a great effect to retain firmness and reduce weight loss of cauliflower in both storage conditions. Respiration rate, rot incidence and changes of colour values (lightness and hue angle) was reduced significantly for the cauliflowers packed in LDPE bag or wrapped with PE cling film stored in a refrigerator than that of control (without packaging) and all packaging techniques stored at ambient condition throughout the storage period. Initially, acidity, TSS and ascorbic acid content were 0.26%, 4.7° Brix and 58.7 mg 100g-1, respectively. Ascorbic acid content was reduced severely in the cauliflower stored in ambient conditions than that stored in a refrigerator. Cauliflower wrapped with PE cling film and packed in an LDPE bag (1% perforation) stored in a refrigerator (6±1°C and 50±5% RH) could retain white colour, good sensory quality, firm and fresh curds with minimum loss in weight, texture and disease incidence up to 18 days and 16 days, respectively. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(2): 155-163, December 2022
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Suryani, Thalia Millene, Noegrahini Lastiningsih, and Ekawati Jati Wibawaningsih. "Effect of Tax Avoidance and Company Complexity on Firm Value: The Role of Transparency as a Moderating Variable." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 13, no. 2(J) (May 25, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v13i2(j).3155.
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This study aims to analyze the effect of tax avoidance and company complexity on firm value with information transparency as a moderating variable so that internal and external parties can evaluate management performance to increase firm value positively. In this study, panel data regression and Moderated Regression Analyst (MRA) were carried out on 78 public manufacturing companies on the IDX during the 2017-2019 period. Tax avoidance is measured by the BTD proxy, the level of complexity is measured by the number of business segments, firm value is measured by Tobin's q proxy, and information transparency is measured by the transparency index released by BAPEPAM. The results show that tax avoidance has a significant negative effect on firm value and firm complexity does not have a significant effect on firm value, while information transparency moderates the relationship between tax avoidance and firm value but is unable to moderate the effect of firm complexity on firm value.
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White, Robert E., Robert E. Hoskisson, Daphne W. Yiu, and Garry D. Bruton. "Employment and Market Innovation in Chinese Business Group Affiliated Firms: The Role of Group Control Systems." Management and Organization Review 4, no. 2 (July 2008): 225–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2008.00107.x.
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Prior research has suggested a number of potential benefits to firm membership in business groups. These benefits include availability of capital and other resources not readily accessible in an open market, the facilitation of entrepreneurship, plus information and risk sharing advantages. We suggest that another important benefit is the assistance of group control systems in helping the firm to manage conflicting pressures in the institutional environment and facilitate coevolution of these conflicting pressures. To empirically demonstrate the relevance of this viewpoint, we examine the case of China where business groups facilitate institutional transition, actively balancing market pressures to increase levels of innovativeness in firms with institutional pressures emanating from the government to maintain high employment levels. Using data from a broad sample of more than 1,000 Chinese affiliate firms in more than 200 business groups, we find that government policy, ownership and managerial mindset influence the political goal of maintaining high employment levels, while interdependence among group affiliate firms is related to lower employment levels. However, while government ownership and the government managerial mindset were negatively related to market innovation activities, group financial and cultural control systems positively affected the tendency of affiliate firms to focus on market innovation.
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Elfakhani, Said, Larry J. Lockwood, and Tarek S. Zaher. "SMALL FIRM AND VALUE EFFECTS IN THE CANADIAN STOCK MARKET." Journal of Financial Research 21, no. 3 (September 1998): 277–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6803.1998.tb00686.x.
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AbstractWe examine the relation among average returns, market beta, firm size, and book‐to‐market value for Canadian stocks during 1975–92. We document a negative relation between average return and the market capitalization of firms, but find no relation between average return and market beta. While the small firm effect is significant during a period of reduced capital gains tax, it is noticeably lower than during the period leading up to the change. We find that average returns are positively related to book‐to‐market value especially during the period of lower capital gains tax.
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Pearson, Allison W., Jon C. Carr, and John C. Shaw. "Toward a Theory of Familiness: A Social Capital Perspective." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 32, no. 6 (November 2008): 949–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2008.00265.x.
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In the search for ways in which the family firm context is unique to organizational science, the construct of “familiness” has been identified and defined as resources and capabilities that are unique to the family's involvement and interactions in the business. While identification and isolation of a construct unique to family firms is both groundbreaking and important for family firm research, it is also important that the development of the construct continues to be examined from complementing theoretical viewpoints. As such, we set out to review the development of the familiness construct and identify its dimensions. We also explore the nomological relationships of the construct based on a social capital theory perspective and offer a theory of familiness.
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Bashir, Neda Ul, and Shahnawaz Ahmad Dar. "Investigating Personality Traits, E-Market Orientation and Firm Performance of Tourism Entrepreneurs in J & K." International Journal of Management and Development Studies 12, no. 8 (August 31, 2023): 06–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.53983/ijmds.v12n08.002.
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This study, based on Jammu and Kashmir Tourism SMEs, examines the big five personality factors that impact business success. Further, E-marketing orientation has been taken as a mediator variable of the study. Data was collected from SME owners (hoteliers) in Jammu and Kashmir. Hotel owners were selected randomly and worked in the hospitality industry. The ultimate assemblage of SMEs to whom the questionnaires were distributed includes 386 people. PLS-SEM was utilised to investigate the associations between the study's variables. The study revealed a direct positive influence of Extraversion and Openness to experience on Firm performance. Further, Agreeableness has shown a negative and significant influence on firm performance. However, Conscientiousness and Neuroticism have shown insignificant results. In the context of e-marketing orientation, extraversion Agreeableness and Conscientiousness have also shown positive and Significant influence on e-marketing Orientation. While as e-marketing orientation has shown negative but significant results on firm performance. Further, e-marketing orientation has negatively mediated the relationship between extraversion and firm performance and Agreeableness and firm performance. Thus shows partial competitive mediation between the variables of interest. Conversely, e-marketing orientation does not show any mediating effects between firm performance and Conscientiousness, Openness to experiences and Neuroticism. The research adds to an enhanced understanding of the essential success factors and issues that entrepreneurs encounter. It can also aid in better understanding the personality qualities and e-market orientation required by entrepreneurs.
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Astrachan, Joseph H., and Thomas A. Kolenko. "A Neglected Factor Explaining Family Business Success: Human Resource Practices." Family Business Review 7, no. 3 (September 1994): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1994.00251.x.
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Over 600 family firms were involved in this examination of the impact of human resource management (HRM) and professional governance practices on family business success and survival. Our findings identified some of the most prevalent family firm HRM practices and found significant positive correlations among HRM practices, gross firm revenues, and CEO personal income levels. The results support prior arguments for competitive advantage in the marketplace gained through effective use of HRM practices. An interesting additional finding was that while boards of directors, strategic planning, and frequent family meetings were correlated with business longevity over multiple generations, succession planning was not. Such practices are important. for current competitive advantage and may also be crucial to the longevity of the business.
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Saposnik, Rubin, James Tompkins, and Roger Tutterow. "Estate Taxes and the Investment Decision in Closely Held Firms." Family Business Review 9, no. 3 (September 1996): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1996.00315.x.
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Closely held businesses differ from their publicly held counterparts in the relative importance assigned to planning for estate taxes. When faced with the prospect of an estate taxes liability, owners of closely held businesses may alter their investment behavior. This essay presents a simple model of the investment decision in a closely held business. While finance theory prescribes that firms maximize their value through funding capital projects with positive net present values, this model suggests that the presence of estate taxes may induce the firm to reject projects which, if funded, would add value to the firm. Further, the propensity to pass on value-adding projects increases with both the estate tax rate and the age of the business owner.
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Nurhayati, Agustin, Ratna Ratna, and Iswadi Iswadi. "PENGARUH INVESTASI, RISK BASED CAPITAL DAN KOMITE AUDIT TERHADAP KINERJA PERUSAHAAN (Studi pada Perusahaan Asuransi yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia)." J-MIND (Jurnal Manajemen Indonesia) 7, no. 1 (July 2, 2022): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/j-mind.v7i1.5198.
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This study aims to analyze effect of investment, risk based capital and audit commitee on firm performance in Insurance Companies on Indonesian Stock Exchange during 2010-2020. The number of samples in this study are 9 Insurance Companies which are listed on the IDX and have completed data obtained by porpousive sampling method. The type of data used is secondary data in the form of panel data obtained from the company's Annual Report. The data analysis method used is Panel Data Regression. The results of this study find that investment has a positive and significant effect on firm performance, while risk based capital and audit commite have no significant effect firm performance.
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Sridhar, Varadharajan. "Building a high-technology product out of India: The Intelli-Fi way." Journal of Information Technology Teaching Cases 9, no. 1 (April 23, 2019): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043886919836242.
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There has been a constant debate over the last decade as to whether the Indian information technology sector should continue to be driven by services revenue or should the firms actively pursue in building high-technology products. Dr Prashant Joshi, former lead researcher at AT&T Research and IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Centre, New York, while returning to India in 2002, conceptualized that someday, the world would witness massive deployment of WiFi networks and that these networks require active 24 × 7 management. He incubated his start-up in Bangalore, India, with a vision to build a WiFi secure management product suite for global markets. The case outlines the evolution of Intelli-Fi networks from a humble beginning to a strong network management firm with installed base all around the world. The case highlights the technical and managerial challenges of the firm and its entrepreneur founder in building a world class product.
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Gasman, Marybeth, and Noah D. Drezner. "A Maverick in the Field: The Oram Group and Fundraising in the Black College Community during the 1970s." History of Education Quarterly 49, no. 4 (November 2009): 465–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2009.00226.x.
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The Oram firm was really a different animal. We cherished a strong anticorporate corporate culture, we were cause-driven, and we served liberal and left-wing counter-cultural organizations.Since its founding in 1939, the Oram Group has been a maverick in the field of fundraising, lending its expertise to the areas of education, welfare, social action, civil rights, the arts, and the environment. Beginning with the organization's founder, Harold Oram, continuing to the current president and chief executive officer Henry Goldstein, Oram staff members have had an interest in supporting progressive (i.e., social justice-oriented) causes. Influenced by Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal policies and Lyndon B. Johnson's vision of a Great Society, the Oram Group staff has been steadfast in its dedication, with founder Harold Oram referring to the organization's work as “saving the world.” This approach was different from that of earlier fundraising organizations, such as Marts and Lundy or John Price Jones—firms that worked, by and large, with elite white institutions and with black colleges under the direction of white philanthropists. For example, according to Robert L . Payton, for Arnaud C. Marts [and his colleagues at Marts and Lundy],Philanthropy [was] closely linked to the free market economy, local government, and individual responsibility. The emerging civil rights movement, the decay of the inner cities, environmental pollution, and the radical challenges to authority were not yet part of Mart's [sic] consciousness nor of the general public's. Freedom and patriotism were the dominant slogans rather than equality and justice.
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Moss, Hilary J. "Education's Inequity: Opposition to Black Higher Education in Antebellum Connecticut." History of Education Quarterly 46, no. 1 (2006): 16–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2006.tb00168.x.
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New Haven, thou hast rashly done a deed,Which shrouds thy glory in a black eclipse;Whereof in view the hearts of good men bleed,The friend, yet, strange to tell, the foe of light!Preceptor of the age, yet dost denyTo Brethren—countrymen—the common rightTheir empty minds with knowledge to supply!Encourager of learning-science-artsYet hostile to a race who fain would learn!When from the dust a sable brother starts,Suffering thy cheeks with angry fire to burn!Would I might give the honors of Old Yale,To blot from history's page this most disgraceful tale.—William Lloyd Garrison, October 8, 1831.In the late 1820s, African Americans’ access to primary and religious instruction expanded significantly throughout the urban Northeast, yet barriers to their higher education remained firm. Segregated in public “African” schools, blacks were also barred from most private academies. Collegiate education similarly remained out of reach. In response, an alliance of black and white abolitionists launched a campaign to build a separate “African” college in 1831. Two ministers, one black, Peter Williams from New York, the other white, Simeon Jocelyn from New Haven, led the endeavor. After much consideration, they selected New Haven, Connecticut to house the new institution, believing that in “no place in the Union” is the “situation [of blacks] more comfortable, or the prejudices of a community weaker against them.” On September 5, 1831, Williams and Jocelyn announced their intentions. Their timing could not have been worse.
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Rafaqat, Simon, Sana Rafaqat, Sahil Rafaqat, Saoul Rafaqat, and Dawood Rafaqat. "Shareholder Activism and Firm Performance: A Review." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 14, no. 4(J) (January 4, 2023): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v14i4(j).3334.
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The paper aims to review the literature on the influence of Shareholder Activism on firm performance including share price, financial performance, corporate governance, and innovation. Many studies have been reviewed to find the relationship between the identified constructs. For this purpose, the review methodology has been used to go through the literature relating to the impact of Shareholder Activism on Firm Performance over the period ranging from 2000 to 2021. Furthermore, the study concludes that shareholder activism significantly affects how well a company performs. However, studies claim that shareholder activism has a favorable impact on a company's performance, while other scholars claim that it has a detrimental effect. However, some researchers have found that the influence is minimal. Moreover, firm performance can be enhanced if a firm's management works in collaboration with activist investors.
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Tan, Danchi, Shih-Chang Hung, and Nienchi Liu. "The Timing of Entry into a New Market: An Empirical Study of Taiwanese Firms in China." Management and Organization Review 3, no. 2 (July 2007): 227–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2007.00068.x.
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This study examines the determinants of the timing of Taiwanese firms' entry into China. Our empirical findings suggest that this strategic decision is influenced by both economic and institutional concerns. In particular, we found that Taiwanese firms that expected greater benefits from early entry tended to be early entrants in China, while those that were more sensitive to uncertainty chose to defer their entry. We also found a curvilinear relationship between firm size and timing of entry into China. Our findings further indicate that the negative relationship between investment irreversibility and early entry is weaker in the presence of substantial perceived first mover advantages.
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Combs, James G. "Commentary: The Servant, the Parasite, and the Enigma: A Tale of Three Ownership Structures and Their Affiliate Directors." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 32, no. 6 (November 2008): 1027–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2008.00270.x.
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In private family firms, affiliate directors are largely resource–providing servants of the family. In nonfamily public firms with dispersed ownership, affiliates are, figuratively speaking, symbiotic parasites loyally supporting their professional management hosts while extracting revenues for their home firms. The public family firm stands somewhere between and the affiliate directors in such firms are consequently an enigma. Jones, Makri, and Gomez–Mejia compare affiliate directors in public family firms with those in public nonfamily firms and find that they positively influence diversification strategy only in public family firms. They interpret this outcome as evidence that affiliate directors in public family firms act like the servants found in private family firms. I offer an alternative interpretation by suggesting that affiliate directors in public family firms are more successful versions of their parasitic cousins in public nonfamily firms. I draw attention to the Janus–headed nature of these directors to underscore why it is useful to study public family firms as a distinct ownership structure.
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Von Eije, J. H. (Henk), Matthijs Suurmeijer, and Peter Smid. "Research and Development and Firm Risk." Journal of Corporate Finance Research / Корпоративные Финансы | ISSN: 2073-0438 9, no. 3 (October 7, 2015): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/j.jcfr.2073-0438.9.3.2015.7-26.
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J. H. (Henk) von Eije - University of Groningen, Faculty of Economics and Business. E-mail: j.h.von.eije@rug.nl
Matthijs Suurmeijer - University of Groningen, Faculty of Economics and Business. Email: matthijs.suurmeijer@gmail.com
Peter Smid - Dr, University of Groningen, Faculty of Economics and Business. E-mail: p.p.m.smid@eco.rug.nl
Spending on R&D has grown faster than other investments. This may result in higher return and higher risk. We focus on the latter and examine how research and development (R&D) affects the risks of US firms. We analyze the impact on the firm’s beta, its systematic and idiosyncratic risk, and the combination of the latter two (total risk). Because investors prefer upside to downside risk, we also analyze whether downside risk is also influenced by R&D. We use panel and quantile regressions and control for dividend payouts, growth, leverage, asset liquidity, firm size, earnings variability, firm age and industry competition. We then show that the impact is positive and highly significant for beta, systematic risk and total risk. The impact on systematic risk contrasts to the finding by McAlister et al. (2007) who find that R&D insulates firms from market downturns and thereby lowers systematic risk. The increases in risks are, moreover, stronger at higher relative levels of R&D spending. Unfortunately for investors, downside risk is also increasing with relative R&D spending. The results may make it also more difficult for managers to defend R&D investments. R&D may indeed generate future returns, but also adds to the next year’s risk. The impact on systematic risk contrasts to the finding by McAlister et al. [2007] that R&D insulates firms from market downturns and thereby lowers systematic risk. While the magnitudes of the effects are small, the impact is relevant when compared with other accounting variables included in the model, especially for beta and systematic risk. Apart from this, there are strong indications that the hypothesized relationis non-linear.
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Rogers, Elizabeth D., Alan L. Carsrud, and Norris F. Krueger. "Chiefdoms and Family Firm Regimes: Variations on the Same Anthropological Themes." Family Business Review 9, no. 1 (March 1996): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1996.00015.x.
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Family owned and managed firms exhibit remarkable parallels to pre-industrial chiefdoms because the typical economic environment in which they exist limits them to a size and scale equivalent to that of a chiefdom. Using anthropological research this study inventories all known procedures of accommodating multiple heirs to the paramountcy of pre-industrial chiefdoms. It uses this exhaustive inventory to characterize the succession process in modern family owned and managed firms. The major theoretical concept adopted from anthropology is that of polity, defined as an autonomous system of institutional finance and organizational support (resource control and governance). Using terms such as polity helps us to recognize the universality of succession processes. Succession processes in family firms are less idiosyncratic than we once thought. Thus, we can fruitfully explore structural similarities between pre-industrial organizations and modern family firms using the considerable body of field research literature on chiefdoms (Goody, 1958; Barrett, 1965) which finds that every scheme to accommodate multiple successors falls into one of two categories: (a) personnel strategies and (b) asset strategies. A second critical concept is that while it is possible to inventory all possible outcomes (here, succession strategies) in any dynamic system, no single outcome can be accurately predicted in advance. The purpose of this paper is to provide an exhaustive inventory of possible outcomes of the succession process, rather than trying to predict the strategy chosen in a given case. The anthropological perspective provides a much-needed, empirically based, comprehensive model of succession processes in family firms and permits a more nomothetic approach to family firm research.
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Garcia Vera, Fernanda Cecibel, and Ruth Yadira Sumba-Bustamante. "Business growth strategies for positioning: a microenterprise case study in Ecuador." Sapienza: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 5, no. 2 (April 30, 2024): e24032. http://dx.doi.org/10.51798/sijis.v5i2.759.
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This article analyzed the business growth strategies for the positioning of a small company located in the parish of Calderón, Ecuador, where the main problem is the abundant competition and economic concentration since there is a large number of businesses engaged in the same economic activity. Due to the limited implementation of business growth strategies, which are implemented empirically and without sufficient preparation by the firms, this article aims to understand how business growth strategies affect the positioning of the selected firm, i.e. the Comercial la “J”, located in the Ecuadorian parish of Calderon. For this purpose, it was considered to use the types of field research, bibliographic and descriptive, with a mixed approach; applying research methods: inductive, deductive, analytical and statistical; and data collection techniques through interviews and surveys. With the development of the fieldwork where it was possible to identify the business growth strategies used by the small firm and using the corresponding research techniques, it is recommended to compare the strategies with those adopted by direct competitors and similar businesses, in order to identify good practices and opportunities for improvement. Regarding the results, it could be noted that the small firm analyzed is the second best-positioned store in the market, while it has a 53% probability of recommendation by its customers, which can help it to be a leader in the market.
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Khan, Javaid Iqbal, Mehak Majeed, and Saeed Owais Mushtaq. "An Efficiency Analysis of Micro Units in a Fragile Zone: A Panel Study of the Firms in J&K, India." Review of Market Integration 13, no. 1 (April 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09749292211044847.
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The micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are the backbone of the community development in the developing world. In the fragile and backward regions, it is the micro enterprise that is considered to be the engine of growth and development. Being labour-intensive and requiring lesser capital input, the micro unit start-ups demand lesser investment in plant and machinery, attracting more and more potential entrepreneurs. Over the time, such units gain experience and knowledge becoming more efficient. This article studies the firms located in the fragile and geographically remote region of Jammu and Kashmir. The article uses a panel of 15 years from 2002 to 2016 based on the Annual Survey of Industries data. Using the Stochastic Frontier Analysis, the article studies the MSMEs and the micro units. From the post-estimation, technical efficiency scores are attained for both MSMEs and the micro units. The results reveal that the micro units are more efficient than the MSMEs in general. Tobit regression is used to estimate the technical inefficiency model to determine the factors that contribute to the inefficiency present in the micro units. The results show that there is a negative relationship between the efficiency of the micro unit firms and the asset-liability ratio and the loan-liability ratio, while there is a positive relationship between the private ownership of the firm and the efficiency level. Age of the firm is considered separately to validate the ‘learning theory’ by Jovanovic. The article concludes by suggesting that the government must provide adequate boost and a big-push to the micro units in order to eradicate the widespread unemployment and fragility in the region. JEL Classification: F61, L25
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Suryani, Arna, Atikah Atikah, and Hana Tamara Putri. "The Effect of Related Party Transactions through Opportunistic Behaviour Management to Increase Firm Value." Summer 4, no. 2 (January 8, 2019): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/jfbr.2019.4.2(3).
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Objective – This research aims to determine and analyze related party transactions to increase firm value through opportunistic behaviour management by conducting earnings management on manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange between 2015 and 2018. Methodology/Technique – There are 34 companies that fulfill the requirements to become the sample of this study. The method applied in analyzing the data is verification using path analysis. Findings – The results of the research show that related party transactions do not have any significant effect on firm value however it indicates a positive impact. Moreover, related party transactions do not have any significant impact on earning management yet it gives a negative impact on earning management. Novelty – The influence of earnings management shows a positive impact on firm value while it shows no signs of positive impact on firm value. The analysis shows that the value of the indirect impact of related party transactions through earnings management towards firm value is negative being 0.022 smaller than the direct impact of related party transaction toward firm value which is 0.053. This indicates that related party transactions through earnings management have no significant impact on firm value. Type of Paper: Empirical. Keywords: Related Party Transactions; Earnings Management; Firm Value. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Suryani, A., Atikah; Putri, H. T. 2019. The Effect of Related Party Transactions through Opportunistic Behaviour Management to Increase Firm Value, J. Fin. Bank. Review 4 (2): 64 – 72 https://doi.org/10.35609/jfbr.2019.4.2(3) JEL Classification: G02, G30, G32, G39.
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Bacot, Hunter. "Hollywood's White House: The American Presidency in Film and History." Presidential Studies Quarterly 35, no. 1 (March 2005): 212–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0360-4918.2005.244_8.x.
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SPEED, LESLEY. "Loose Cannons: White Masculinity and the Vulgar Teen Comedy Film." Journal of Popular Culture 43, no. 4 (July 19, 2010): 820–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5931.2010.00772.x.
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Yordudom, Thanyaorn, and Muttanachai Suttipun. "The Influence of ESG Disclosures on Firm Value in Thailand." GATR Journal of Finance and Banking Review VOL. 5 (3) OCT-DEC. 2020 5, no. 3 (December 22, 2020): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/jfbr.2020.5.3(5).
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Objective – The study aimed (1) to investigate the extent and level of environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosures of listed companies in Thailand Sustainable Investment (THSI) group from the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET), and (2) to examine the influence of ESG disclosures on firm value. Methodology/Technique – Population and samples were 60 listed companies in THSI group from the SET. Content analysis by word counting was used to quantify the extent and level of ESG disclosures in corporate annual reporting during 2015 to 2019, while firm value was collected by the market price. Descriptive analysis, correlation matrix, and multiple regression were used to analyze the data from the SET. Findings – As the results, the extent and level of environmental, social, and governance disclosures were 309.91, 1196.12, and 1197.84 average words. The most common ESG disclosure was governance disclosure following by social and environmental disclosures. Moreover, the study found the positive influence of environmental and social disclosures on firm value, while there was a negative influence of governance disclosure on firm value. Novelty – This study is the first THSI group study of ESG disclosure in Thailand. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: ESG Disclosures; Firm Value; Thailand. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Yordudom, T; Suttipun, M. (2020). The Influence of ESG Disclosures on Firm Value in Thailand, J. Fin. Bank. Review, 5 (3): 108 – 114. https://doi.org/10.35609/jfbr.2020.5.3(5) JEL Classification: M40, M41, M48.
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Coates, John C., Michele M. DeStefano, Ashish Nanda, and David B. Wilkins. "Hiring Teams, Firms, and Lawyers: Evidence of the Evolving Relationships in the Corporate Legal Market." Law & Social Inquiry 36, no. 04 (2011): 999–1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.2011.01259.x.
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How are relationships between corporate clients and law firms evolving? Drawing on interview and survey data from 166 chief legal officers of S&P 500 companies from 2006–2007, we find that—contrary to standard depictions of corporate client-provider relationships—(1) large companies have relationships with ten to twenty preferred providers; (2) these relationships continue to be enduring; and (3) clients focus not only on law firm platforms and lead partners, but also on teams and departments within preferred providers, allocating work to these subunits at rival firms over time and following “star” lawyers, especially if they move as part of a team. The combination of long-term relationships and subunit rivalry provides law firms with steady work flows and allows companies to keep cost pressure on firms while preserving relationship-specific capital, quality assurance, and soft forms of legal capacity insurance. Our findings have implications for law firms, corporate departments, and law schools.
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Blankenship, Beth A., and Mary A. Arthur. "Prescribed Fire Affects Eastern White Pine Recruitment and Survival on Eastern Kentucky Ridgetops." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 23, no. 3 (August 1, 1999): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/23.3.144.
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Abstract Successful fire prevention and suppression efforts during the past 50 yr have resulted in the proliferation of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) in the understory of oak-pine forests on the Cumberland Plateau. Along with red maple (Acer rubrum L.), increasing density of eastern white pine in these forests signals a change in plant species composition from species adapted to periodic surface fires, such as oaks (Quercus spp.) and yellow pines (P. echinata Miller and P. rigida Miller), to species adapted to longer fire-free intervals. In the Daniel Boone National Forest (DBNF) in eastern Kentucky, the USDA Forest Service has reintroduced fire to these ridgetop ecosystems. In March 1995 and March 1996, single prescribed fires were conducted on three different ridgetops in the Red River Gorge of the DBNF. Diameter and age of white pine stems were recorded prior to burning, two growing seasons post-burn (for 1995 and 1996 fires), and three growing seasons post-burn (for 1995 fires only). Nearly all white pine less than 2.0 cm dbh were killed after a single prescribed fire, and significant mortality (P < 0.05) was measured in size classes up to 6 cm dbh. Post-burn regeneration of white pine, however, was abundant at each site. Therefore, a single prescribed burn affected the age structure of white pine but will not have an important influence on long-term species composition of these stands. A fire return interval of at least 10 to 20 yr will be required to control white pine competition with fire-adapted species on the ridgetop ecosystems of the DBNF. South. J. Appl. For. 23(3): 144-150.
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Arthurs, Jonathan D., Lowell W. Busenitz, Robert E. Hoskisson, and Richard A. Johnson. "Firm–Specific Human Capital and Governance in IPO Firms: Addressing Agency and Resource Dependence Concerns." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 33, no. 4 (July 2009): 845–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00329.x.
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Entrepreneurs with firm–specific human capital represent both a potential source of competitive advantage and a threat to appropriate the rents that are ultimately generated by a new venture. This situation presents interesting agency and resource dependence challenges. While potential investors in these ventures will want assurances that their interests are protected, they will also want to ensure that these key entrepreneurs remain with the organization. Using agency theory and resource dependence theory, we examine the types of governance mechanisms that are implemented in firms going through an initial public offering comparing those ventures which indicate a dependence on these critical entrepreneurs versus those that do not. Our analysis reveals that ventures exhibiting dependence on key entrepreneurs are associated with higher insider and outsider ownership by the board, greater start–up experience by the board, greater use of contingent compensation, and greater use of involuntary departure agreements.
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Inneh, Eghosa, Isaiah Omotayo FAKUNLE, Romoke Rafiat BUSARI, and Ibrahim Gbenga OLATUNJI. "Audit Characteristics and Financial Reporting Timeliness of Nigerian Listed Non-Financial Institution." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 14, no. 2(J) (August 4, 2022): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v14i2(j).3277.
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The management is accused of opportunistic behavior and financial report delays following the global financial scandal. Consequently, studies examine the effect of client-specific characteristics on financial report timeliness, and Nigeria is not an exemption. Recent studies focus on the effect of auditor's attributes in mitigating or explaining the rationale for the financial reporting delay. However, limited studies exist in Nigeria on the effect of audit characteristics on financial reporting timeliness in non-financial institutions. Our study contributes to knowledge by examining the effect of audit characteristics on the financial reporting timeliness in the Nigerian listed non-financial institution. We select 450 firm-year observations from 2011 to 2020 using a purposive sampling technique and estimate the model using the Ordinary Least Square Method (OLS). The result reveals that audit price and audit firm size positively affect financial reporting timeliness, while audit tenure is negative but insignificantly related to financial reporting timeliness. Our study concludes that delivering the financial report to the users takes longer when the auditors charge higher fees, reflecting an increase in auditors' workload resulting from additional audit risk and procedure. Also, large audit firms take a long time to communicate financial reports taking due care in forming audit opinions to ensure audit independence and reduce the litigation risk arising from the audit assignment
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Tsigbey, F. K., S. K. Nutsugah, and Barbara J. Ritchie. "Gliocladium catenulatum in Association with Sclerotium cepivorum on Onion Leaves in Ghana." Plant Disease 83, no. 2 (February 1999): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.2.198b.
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During a regular survey of diseases in farmers' fields of onion (Allium cepa L.) in the Upper East Region of Ghana in March 1997, bulbs infected with white rot disease were collected for identification. A portion of the white mycelium present on the onion scale was cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA). After 2 days of incubation, white fluffy mycelium was observed that later developed black sclerotia on the colony surface to confirm the identity of Sclerotium cepivorum. Ten days later, an unknown fungus was observed growing from the original inoculation point of the S. cepivorum mycelium. Pure cultures of the unknown fungus grown on PDA were sent to CAB International, UK, and identified as Gliocladium catenulatum Gilman and Abbott (1). G. catenulatum grew along the mycelia of S. cepivorum and completely suppressed its growth. In culture, G. catenulatum colonized sclerotia of S. cepivorum and rendered them mushy and easy to crush, whereas the uncolonized sclerotia remained firm and difficult to crush. The uncolonized sclerotia when transferred onto PDA produced the white fluffy mycelial growth typical of S. cepivorum; the colonized did not grow at all. G. catenulatum also reduced colony growth, sclerotia formation, and maturation of S. cepivorum. Cultures of S. cepivorum inoculated with G. catenulatum measured 3 cm in diameter after 3 days of incubation and exhibited sparse mycelial growth, while cultures of S. cepivorum measured 5 cm in diameter after 3 days of incubation and produced a fairly even sheet of abundant, fluffy mycelial growth. Sclerotia were produced profusely in pure cultures of S. cepivorum whereas those of G. catenulatum and S. cepivorum in combination produced only two sclerotia after 6 days and these were later colonized by G. catenulatum. A striking characteristic of G. catenulatum was the production of a yellow pigmentation around the colony margins. Species within the genus Gliocladium are known to be antagonistic to, and parasitic on, other fungi. The antagonistic and/or parasitic nature of G. catenulatum on S. cepivorum suggests a possible role in biological control. This is the first report of G. catenulatum in association with S. cepivorum on onion in Ghana. Reference: (1) J. C. Gilman and E. V. Abbott. Iowa State College J. Sci. 1:225, 1927.
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Long, Richard J. "The Adoption of White Collar Computerization by Canadian Business Firms." Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l'Administration 11, no. 4 (April 8, 2009): 295–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-4490.1994.tb00069.x.
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Luo, Yadong. "Opportunism in Inter-firm Exchanges in Emerging Markets." Management and Organization Review 2, no. 1 (March 2006): 121–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2006.00032.x.
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AbstractThis article develops a theoretical model of opportunism in inter-organizational exchanges in emerging markets. I decompose opportunism into ‘strong form’ (contractual norm violation) and ‘weak form’ (relational norm violation), and suggest that strong form tends to be more observable, measurable and remediable than weak form and its adverse effect on cooperation tends to be stronger but less enduring than weak form. I address how external uncertainty, a multidimensional concept that includes market volatility, legal unprotectability, information unverifiability and regulatory variability, along with internal uncertainty that reflects dyadic tensions such as goal disparity, resource misfit, cultural dissimilarity and bargaining asymmetry, together affect exchange members' opportunism. This is followed by further discussions on conditions under which firms will opt for strong form or weak form opportunism in the face of such external and internal uncertainties. I suggest that suppressing forces against opportunism necessitates not only economic ordering, such as contractual mechanisms and structural mechanisms, but also social ordering, such as relational mechanisms and justice mechanisms. I expect that economic ordering is more effective in resisting strong form opportunism while social ordering is more forceful in curtailing weak form opportunism.
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Kasozi, Jason Stephen. "Capital Structure and The Profitability of Listed Retail Firms." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 1(J) (March 15, 2018): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i1(j).2100.
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The South African retail sector continues to experience a decline in sales and returns amidst growing external competition and a drop in consumer confidence stemming from the recent credit downgrades in the country. Yet, firms in this sector appear to maintain high debt to equity levels. This study investigated whether the capital structure practices of these firms influence their profitability. A Panel data methodology, using three regression estimators, is applied to a balanced sample of 16 retail firms listed on the Johannesburg Securities Exchange (JSE) during the period 2008-2016. The analysis estimates functions relating capital structure composition with the return on assets (ROA). Results reveal a statistically significant but negative relationship between all measures of debt (short-term, long-term, total debt) with profitability, suggesting a possible inclination towards the pecking order theory of financing behaviour, for listed retail firms. Additionally, retail firms are highly leveraged yet over 75% of this debt is short-term in nature. Policy interventions need to investigate the current restrictions on long-term debt financing which offers longerterm and affordable financing, to boost returns. While this study’s methodology differs slightly from earlier studies, it incorporates vital aspects from these studies, and simultaneously specifies a possible model fit. This helps to capture unique but salient characteristics like the transitional effects of debt financing on firm profitability. It therefore delivers some unique findings on the financing behaviour of retail firms that both in form policy change, while stimulating further research on the phenomenon.
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Mugumisi, Nathan. "Zimbabwean Manufacturing Firms' Propensity and Intensity to Export in the Post Zimbabwean Dollar Era." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 1(J) (March 15, 2018): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i1(j).2087.
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After the adoption of the multicurrency system in 2009 Zimbabwe’s macroeconomic environment stabilized but the new economic order exposed the economy to a crippling liquidity crisis. Exports remain the only sustainable solution to Zimbabwe’s liquidity crisis in the short to medium term given the current sanctions that limits other international capital flows. This study sort to understand the factors that determine Zimbabwean manufacturing firms’ likelihood and intensity to export. The study a was based on panel data from a 19 manufacturing firms listed on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange over the period 2009 to 2017. The propensity and intensity to export was estimated using the logit and Tobit regression models respectively. Bigger firms and firms that engage in research and development had a high propensity to export. Foreign owned firms and firms that engage in research and development had a high intensity to export, while those with high domestic turnover tended to export less. The appreciation of the USD increased Zimbabwean manufacturing firms’ propensity and intensity to export. We urge the policy makers to design investment laws that attract foreign investors, and managers to prioritize research and development. We also recommend firm managers to take advantage of periods of currency appreciation to recapitalize at a cheaper cost and export more goods since Zimbabwe’s manufacturing production is highly import dependent.
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Annor-Asubonteng, Joseph, Callistus Tengan, Tom Mboya Asigri, and Napoleon Kuebutornye D. K. "Investigating the Cost Management Practices of Indigenous Firms in the Ghanaian Construction Industry." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 5(J) (November 3, 2018): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i5(j).2507.
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Cost management is key to project implementation and an important tool for maximizing profit nonetheless it has been a major challenge for most indigenous construction firms in Ghana. The study seeks to investigate the important factors influencing cost management practices among indigenous construction firms in Ghana and to ascertain whether there is a significant difference between the responses of the categories of the firm (construction and consultancy firms) in Ghana. A total of 82 questionnaires were retrieved from 100 administered questionnaires to professionals with indigenous construction firms representing 82% response rate. Data gathered were analyzed descriptively using Mean Item Score (MIS) via SPSS version 24 to identify the most important factors. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy and Bartlett’s test of sphericity conducted showed a KMO score of 0.894. Bartlett’s test of sphericity also revealed a significance level of 0.000 (p˂0.05). The ANOVA suggest that there is no significant difference between the responses between the categories of firms. Indigenous firms are encouraged therefore to consider managing disagreement between project team members by ensuring constant project implementation meetings and to understand ground conditions of projects by visiting proposed sites prior to estimation and tendering. Finally, communication and expenditure control measures should be enhanced and introduced respectively. The implication of this study while contributing to the discourse on cost management practices of indigenous constructions firms in Ghana, also outlines the major (highly ranked) factors influencing indigenous firms in the management of project cost, before, during and after project implementation.
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Tasiyah, Falina Aisyah, and Laely Aghe Africa. "ANALISIS FAKTOR KEUANGAN TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN JASA TRANSPORTASI YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA." J-MACC : Journal of Management and Accounting 5, no. 2 (October 30, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.52166/j-macc.v5i2.3473.
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This study aimed to analyze and determine liquidity, profitability, leverage and firm size on firm value in transportation service companies. It used dependent variable is company value as proxy of Price Book Value (PBV) and independent variables such as liquidity as proxy of Current Ratio (CR), profitability as proxy of Return on Assets (ROA), leverage as proxy of Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and company size as proxy of Change in Assets (SIZE). This study uses secondary data obtained from from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2016-2020, with a population of transportation companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) with the sample of transportation companies in the period 2016-2020. It was taken by using purposive sampling method, where they were selected based on the criteria. The data were analyzed using a descriptive analysis, classical assumption test and multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS 25. The results indicated that liquidity (CR), profitability (ROA) and company size (SIZE) have no effect on company value, while leverage (DER) has a positive effect on company value.
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Miller, Danny, and Isabelle Le Breton-Miller. "Family Governance and Firm Performance: Agency, Stewardship, and Capabilities." Family Business Review 19, no. 1 (March 2006): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2006.00063.x.
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After decades of being viewed as obsolete and problem ridden, recent research has begun to show that major, publicly traded family-controlled businesses (FCBs) actually out-perform other types of businesses. This article examines the nature of such family businesses in an attempt to explain why some seem to do so well and others so poorly. It begins with four fundamental governance choices that distinguish among different kinds of family businesses: level and mode of family ownership, family leadership, the broader involvement of multiple family members, and the planned or actual participation of later generations. Using precepts from agency and stewardship theory, it relates these dimensions to the nature of the resource-allocation decisions made by the business and capability development, which in turn have implications for financial performance. Propositions are drawn about the drivers that make some family businesses great competitors—while leaving others at a disadvantage.
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Nacimento, Rafael Araujo, Mario Duarte Canever, Cecilia Almeida, Feni Agostinho, Augusto Hauber Gameiro, and Biagio Fernando Giannetti. "Hidden Costs Associated with Smallholder Family-Based Broiler Production: Accounting for the Intangibles." Sustainability 15, no. 22 (November 9, 2023): 15780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152215780.
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The contractual relationship between the processing firm and the broiler smallholder presents incessant conflicts of interest and inequality due to technical and economic discrepancies, leading to an undervaluation of the producers’ remuneration. This study aims to deepen the discussion on searching for a more balanced monetary exchange between processing firms and broiler smallholders based on scientific aspects. For this, the emergy theory and its concepts are used while considering a representative broiler production system at Concórdia, Brazil. The results indicate the importance of including cultural information in the emergy-based model calculation, which achieved the highest emergy contribution (~63%; transformity = 1.73 × 108 sej/J) for the broiler smallholder. On the other hand, the cultural information was not sufficient to increase the sustainability of the broiler production system. The results show an imbalance in the monetary exchange between the processing firm and broiler smallholder from both perspectives (the economic and emergy-based ones), which indicates higher values (USD 0.32/broiler and EmUSD 1.62/broiler) than the practiced payment value of USD 0.24/broiler. Evaluating the “(eco)cost” from an emergy-based accounting perspective recognizes that production depends not only on tangible physical resources but also on knowledge, skills and information (“iceberg of value” thinking). Policy and decision makers must therefore consider the promotion of public policies that subside initiatives, including social and environmental welfare programs.
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Tjahjani, Fera, and Widanarni Pudjiastuti. "THE ACCEPTANCE OF AUDIT GOING CONCERN OPINION ON COMPANIES LISTED IN INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE." Adbis: Jurnal Administrasi dan Bisnis 11, no. 1 (July 31, 2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/j-adbis.v11i1.14.
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This studyinvestigates correlation between audit quality, financial performance, debt default, size of the firm, and audit tenure on going concern opinion acceptance.
Samples used all companies which listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange beside manufacturing, banks and other financial institution during 2011-2013. Data collected by purposive sampling.
The study provides empirical evidences that audit quality, financial performance had negative influences on audit going concern opinion acceptance, while leverage and audit tenure had positive ones. However, debt default and size of the entities had no relationship on it.
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Samson, Abiodun Tope. "The Impact of Entrepreneurial Orientation, Reconfiguring Capability and Moderation of Environmental Turbulence on Export Performance of SMEs in Nigeria." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 7, no. 3(J) (June 30, 2015): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v7i3(j).584.
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Entrepreneurial orientation encapsulate the firm –level process, practice and strategic orientation while dynamic capabilities view of firm consists of the structure routine and processes that constitute its ability to reconfigure its asset base to match the requirement of the changing environment. The aim of this research emanated from the fact that only few studies examined how entrepreneurial strategic orientation and reconfiguring capability impact on export performance of SMEs in turbulent environment. In order to fill this vacuum, this study delineated relationship among these constructs and employed PLS-SEM on data collected from 201 exporting SMEs in Nigeria. The findings of the study suggest that entrepreneurial orientation, reconfiguring capability, and environmental turbulent significantly related to export performance. Environmental turbulence moderates the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, reconfiguring capability and export performance. This suggests that SMEs could benefit from reconfiguring and renewal of their asset base and act in response to opportunities and threat to realize first order transformation in growth and export performance. Besides, this study also provides research conclusion to the appropriateness of entrepreneurial orientation and reconfiguring capability when there is environmental turbulence and their lack of effectiveness when there is stability.
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Xiuneng, LIN. "The Secret Theme of Green Book: The Transcendence of Capital Logic over Racial Privilege." Asia-Pacific Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.53789/j.1653-0465.2022.0204.013.
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Under the storyline of antiracism, the secret theme of the transcendence of the logic of capital over racial privilege was hided on the film Green Book. In terms of character setting, the white privilege rooted in historical reasons and the white centered hierarchical order gave way to the employment relationship dominated by the logic of capital. In terms of plot, the film reflected the civilization and progress of the logic of capital relative to racial privilege through the micro description of protagonist relationship and macro description of social environment. In the climax of the film, the logic of capital tamed the racial privilege people were reshaped individually and indiscriminately and instead of the racial privilege, the social relationship communication was dominated by the logic of capital. However, the logic of capital also had a barbaric side, which must be treated critically.
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Olaoye, Festus Oladipupo, Oyindamola Adesola Fakiyesi, and Adebola Abass Jabar. "Impacts of Corporate Structural Changes on Performance of Banks and Non-Bank Financial Institutions in Nigeria, 2005-2019." ABUAD Journal of Social and Management Sciences 5, no. 1 (June 28, 2024): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.53982/ajsms.2024.0501.01-j.
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This study investigated the impacts of corporate structural changes on performance of banks and non-bank financial institutions in Nigeria covering a period of 15 years (2005-2019). The capital structural change was captured with absolute change in debt equity ratio, total debt ratio, long-term debt ratio short-term debt ratio while the performance was measured with dividend per share and gross earnings. The study adopted ex-post facto research design which provides empirical solutions to research problems by using already existing data. The secondary data was extracted from the published financial report of the sampled firms. Population of the study included all the 14 quoted Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) and 25 Insurance Companies in operation in Nigeria. The sample size of the study is delimited to 10 quoted DMBs and 10 Insurance firms in Nigeria and this was achieved through random sampling technique. The collected data were analyzed using quantitative econometric techniques such as descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and panel regression analysis. It was discovered that when the model was controlled with firm size and asset tangibility, absolute changes in total debt ratio, absolute changes in long term debt ratio and absolute changes in short term debt ratio have a positive but insignificant effect on gross earnings of deposit money banks and insurance companies in Nigeria. Also, it was disclosed that there is a significant effect of absolute changes in the components of capital structure on dividend per share.
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Brown, William. "Black Cinematic Poethics." Film-Philosophy 27, no. 3 (October 2023): 401–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/film.2023.0239.
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Drawing upon the work of various critical race theorists, including Frantz Fanon, Kevin Quashie, Hortense J. Spillers, Calvin L. Warren and Sylvia Wynter, this article suggests that if Blackness has historically been, and continues to be, cast outside of being and into being, or what Wynter terms désêtre, then for Blackness to give expression to itself and/or to prove (or improvise) its “aliveness” is a necessarily “poetic” process, given that poetry/ poiesis is the bringing into being of that which previously did not exist. Looking at a range of films, including Arthur Jafa’s Dreams are colder than Death (USA, 2014) and Love Is the Message, The Message Is Death (USA, 2016), Barry Jenkins’s The Gaze (USA, 2021) and Paige Taul’s I am (USA, 2017), the article considers this cinematic poiesis in the light of Martin Heidegger’s philosophy of poetry, drawing out the structuring antiblackness at work in the latter and in modernity more generally, before suggesting that cinematically to present Blackness in a loving fashion/to love Blackness through film is what Denise Ferreira da Silva might term a radical and “poethical” gesture, using poetry to decolonise our white supremacist world.
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Olliaro, Piero, Abdoulaye Djimdé, Corine Karema, Andreas Mårtensson, Jean-Louis Ndiaye, Sodiomon B. Sirima, Grant Dorsey, and Julien Zwang. "Standardised versus actual white cell counts in estimating thick film parasitaemia in African children under five." Tropical Medicine & International Health 16, no. 5 (February 20, 2011): 551–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02738.x.
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Meyer, Marshall W., and Xiaohui Lu. "Managing Indefinite Boundaries: The Strategy and Structure of a Chinese Business Firm." Management and Organization Review 1, no. 01 (March 2005): 57–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2004.00004.x.
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This paper examines the status of boundaries in organizational theory. Tacitly if not explicitly, most researchers view organizations as bounded, tightly coupled and more or less rational systems. Yet organizations may also be open, loosely coupled, hierarchically nested systems whose boundaries are indefinite. In the case of China, incomplete separation of firms from the state, incomplete integration of firms and partial listing of assets have left most Chinese firms with indefinite boundaries. While many Chinese firms are disadvantaged by indefinite boundaries, some have managed their boundaries advantageously. The Chinese group corporation described here has resisted interference from its state owners, one of whom tried but failed to turn it into a captive supplier. It has secured full operational and financial control of subsidiaries despite their independent legal status, fractional local government ownership, and local government representation on their boards. And it has successfully funded and executed an aggressive acquisition strategy and now dominates its industry globally. There are lessons specific to the Chinese context. The most important is that boundaries should be assumed indefinite unless shown otherwise. And there are lessons about firms in emerging economies. Indefinite boundaries are characteristic of such firms; indefinite boundaries pose either threats or opportunities depending on the strategic response; lastly managing indefinite boundaries will be a key strategic priority and a precondition of finding and exploiting market opportunities.
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Kaur, Amandeep, Khushpreet Kaur, Arwinder Kaur, and Namita Chopra. "A Rare Case of Cartilaginous Heterotopia in Broad Ligament of Uterus." Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 9, no. 2 (2017): 192–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1491.
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ABSTRACT Heterotopia is the occurrence of mature tissue at abnormal location. A very rare case of cartilaginous heterotopias in the broad ligament of a 47-year-old female is described. Literature contains very few references related to it. In this patient, there was no evidence of any malignancy in the abdomen or in any other part of the body, except cervical intraepithelial neoplasia changes in cervix. The peritoneal lesion was an incidental finding in this female who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy in view of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion of cervix on cervical biopsy. A firm to hard, white-colored, tubular, branched structure, embedded in left broad ligament reaching till serosa of left fallopian tube and undersurface of left ovary was present. Histopathology showed mature cartilage of hyaline type with well-formed chondrocytes and lacunae with surrounding fibrosis with no evidence of cytological atypia, reactive inflammatory changes, or foreign body reaction. This may represent metaplastic lesions of secondary Müllerian system or benign neoplastic lesions (chondroma) of submesothelium. How to cite this article Kaur K, Kaur A, Chopra N, Kaur A. A Rare Case of Cartilaginous Heterotopia in Broad Ligament of Uterus. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(2):192-194.