Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'à-interactions'
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Ghaouti, Abdelwahab. "Modélisation numérique des matériaux granulaires à interactions à distance." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1995. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1641_aghaouti.pdf.
Full textThe numerical simulation of the behaviour of granular materials interacting at large scale, using the TRUBAL software of Peter Cundall, is the topic of this thesis. This software is described by recalling the principle of the Discrete Element Method (D. E. M. ) and the particularity of TRUBAL. In this method, particles motion is described by integration of motion equations and contact forces are calculated by using an appropriate contact law. The theoretical approach developed at "Ecole Centrale de Lyon" that lies the global behaviour of a granular material to its local behaviour is then presented : the statistical homogenisation approach. The first medium studied is the soap bubbles medium for which many experiments made at "Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systemes" of the "Ecole Centrale de Lyon" help us to fixe the modelling. The interaction law between soap bubbles is formed by an attractive part at large scale, which requires modifications of the Trubal software, and a linear elastic part at short scale. Homogeneous tests showed that the simulated behaviour is representative of the behaviour generally observed. The effect of the set of attractive forces is described by using a cohesive stress tensor which was defined by homogenisation. The expression of the tensor is obtained by using a radial distribution function. The homogenisation approach allowed to define the global behaviour of the medium from the local contact law : numerical tests are in good agreement with the theory. Two non-homogeneous tests showed the ability to use the Trubal software to simulate Tribological problems on interfaces: the indentation test of a thin half layer with a crystalline punch and the alternate shearing (friction and wear) of an amorphous layer (third body). The second medium studied is a granular material with capillary forces. The modelling of the capillary forces by the Laplace-Young relation allowed to carry out homogeneous and non-homogeneous tests. A non-confined triaxial test showed the influence on the behaviour of the water presence in the medium. Otherwise the influence is negligible under an important confinement. Non-homogeneous tests concern bidimensionnal flows in silos in different conditions: capillary cohesion (moisture content) or not, the outlet width ant the angle of the walls. The formation of arches is particularly studied as well as the stress distribution on the walls. The set of this results show the advantage of the Discrete Element Method to analyse the behaviour of granular materials interacting at large scale
Kotchi, Kouadio Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude thermodynamique des liquides métalliques à fortes interactions." Aix-Marseille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX11056.
Full textOlivier, Michel. "Interactions de solitons dans les lasers à fibre." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25290/25290.pdf.
Full textFouche, Lauriane. "Gaz quantiques de potassium 39 à interactions contrôlables." Thesis, Palaiseau, Institut d'optique théorique et appliquée, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IOTA0003/document.
Full textPotassium 39 is an alkali allowing to control the interactions between atoms thanks to Feshbach resonances. This thesis presents a fast and efficient way to produce all-optical Bose-Einstein condensates of 39K. Our technique is first taking advantage of gray molasses cooling leading to a cold enough sample to directly load an optical trap. Then an optical evaporation is performed near a Feshbach resonance to control the collision rate. Studies in various spin mixtures have allowed us to observe new p-wave Feshbach resonances and a d-wave Feshbach resonance. The later presents unusual properties and has been studied in details to understand the collision processes involved. The model developped is a two stage model, each one of them involving a two body collision. It explains the experimental results obtained. In the produced 39K degenerate Bose gases, tuning interactions near the Feshbach resonance at 560,7 Gauss for the atoms in |F=1,mF=-1> has allowed us to adress different physical problems. For repulsive interactions, we study the expansion of a Bose-Einstein condensate in the 1D-3D dimensional crossover. For attractive interactions we produce bright solitons in a one-dimensional optical trap. Perspectives concerning the study of those degenerate self-confined Bose gases in disordered media are also discussed
Kuhn, Nicolas. "Interactions inter-couches et liens à long délai." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ESAE0035/document.
Full textNetwork providers offer services in line with users’ requests, even though the challengesintroduced by their mobility and the download of large content are crucial. Mobile videostreaming applications are delay sensitive and the increasing demand for this service legitimateextensive studies evaluating transmission delays. On top of physical transmissiondelays, accessing a resource or recovering data from lower layers should not be neglected.Indeed, recovery schemes or channel access strategies variously introduce end-to-end delays.This document argues that those cross-layer effects should be explored to minimizethe transmission delays and optimize the use of network resources. Also, understandingthe impacts of low layers protocols on the end-to-end transmission will enable betterdimensioning of the network and adapt the traffic carried on.In the context of satellite 4G links, we measure the impact of link layer retransmissionschemes on the performance of various transport layer protocols. We develop Trace ManagerTool (TMT) and Cross Layer InFormation Tool (CLIFT) to lead realistic cross layersimulations in NS-2. We show that, for all target TCP variants, when the throughput ofthe transport protocol is close to the channel capacity, using the ARQ mechanism is mostbeneficial for TCP performance improvement. In conditions where the physical channelerror rate is high, Hybrid-ARQ results in better performance.In the last specifications for DVB-RCS2, two access schemes (random and dedicated)are presented and can be implemented to manage the way home users access to the satellitelink for Web browsing or data transmission. We developed Physical Channel Access (PCA)that models in NS-2 the behaviour of those link layer level access methods. We measurethat, even though dedicated access methods can transmit more information data, randomaccess methods enable a faster transmission of short flows. Based on these results, wepropose to mix random and dedicated access methods depending on the dynamic load ofthe network and the sequence number of the TCP segments.As a potential exploitation of cross layer information, we explore the feasibility to introducelow priority traffic on long delay path. The rationale is to grab the unused 4G satellitelinks’ capacity to carry non-commercial traffic. We show that this is achievable with LEDBAT.However, depending on the fluctuation of the load, performance improvements couldbe obtained by properly setting the target value
Just, Paul-Emmanuel. "Electrosynthèse de polymères conducteurs à interactions interchaînes contrôlées." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077206.
Full textHerrada, Isaline. "Etude des interactions protéine-protéine à l'enveloppe nucléaire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS278/document.
Full textDuring my PhD, several papers revealed that the inner nuclear membrane (INM) proteins, andespecially emerin, lamin A, SUN1, actin and BAF, played an essential role in the mechanicalproperties of the nucleus and the cell. The nuclear envelope assembly and the interactions betweenthese proteins are regulated by phosphorylation and oligomerization events. My aim was to describemolecular events essential for inner nuclear envelope assembly as a first step to understand how thenuclear envelope responds to a mechanical stress.I first characterized the oligomerization and phosphorylation states of the protein emerin. I showedthat this protein is capable of forming, in vitro and in cells, large oligomers essential to its interactionwith lamin A. I also observed that several emerin mutations leading to Emery-Dreifuss musculardystrophy impaired the self-association properties of this protein.In parallel, I studied the interactions between emerin, lamin, SUN1, actin and BAF in vitro. I was ableto demonstrate direct interactions between the C-terminal domain of lamin A and the proteins emerin,actin and SUN1. These three proteins bind lamin A on different surfaces suggesting the existence ofcomplexes of 3 or 4 proteins in the cell. Analysis of the mechanisms regulating interactions betweenthese proteins should be pursued in order to understand what are the molecular events responsible forthe maintenance of nuclear integrity and the transmission of a mechanical signal between thecytoskeleton and the nucleoskeleton
Du, Tremblay Charles. "Interactions haptiques de simulation à l'aide de CyberGloves." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21054.
Full textBelakroum, Rassim. "Contribution à la modélisation des interactions fluides-structures." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIMS009/document.
Full textThe main goals sought by this thesis target the development and expertise of a methodology for numerical simulation of fluid-structure interactions problems. In order to identify the studied problem progressively, we are interested primarily in numerical simulation of flows around bluff bodies, especially the phenomenon of vortex shedding in the wake zone of a bluff body of different shapes. We used the finite element method by adopting the stabilized GLS (Galerkin Least-Square) technique. For the treatment of turbulence, we opted the LES (Large-Eddy Simulation) method using the Smagorinsky filter. In the second phase, we were interested in flows in deformable media. We undertook the ALE (Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian) formulation by considering a deformable mesh. To update the grid of the dynamic mesh, we used a pseudo-elastic approach. To appraise the implemented methodology, we decided to approach the problem of sloshing at the free surface of a tank partially filled with liquid. In the final part, we were interested in vibration behavior of a solid body under the effect of fluid flow. By using a fully implicit coupling algorithm based on a relaxed Bloc Gauss-Seidel method, we studied the phenomenon of aeroelastic instability of cable-stayed bridges. To validate the numerical model treating fluid-structure interactions by experimental data, we investigated the vibration behavior of a real deck sectional model under the effect of a uniform wind
Beuf, Guillaume. "Contributions à l'étude des interactions fortes à haute énergie et haute densité." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066137.
Full textMartin, Davy. "Interactions protéines-ADN : exemple des protéines à boîte HMG." Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE2008.
Full textDescotes, Jacques. "Contribution à l'étude des interactions médicamenteuses par inhibition enzymatique." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1H075.
Full textGibrat, Rémy. "Les interactions électrostatiques à la surface des membranes végétales." Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20206.
Full textRoy, Alain. "Interactions texte /image : aide à la navigation dans l'arborescence." Aix-Marseille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX10053.
Full textMéline, Fabienne. "Interactions à l'interface Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans - Pyrite : inhibition et adhésion." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10347.
Full textDedecker, Fabian. "Changements d'échelle dans les milieux granulaires à interactions complexes." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1999. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1787_fdedecker.pdf.
Full textMany works concerning the behaviour of granular materials based on micromechanical approaches have been proposed during the last years. These approaches connect two very different scales : the first one concerns grain and contacts, and the second one concerns the representative volume of a granular material. In opposition to phenomenological models, micromechanical approaches try to describe the behaviour of granular materials based on simple concepts relevant of the local phenomena. The main objective of this study is the improvement of a model based on the micromechanical approach, focusing on some local phenomena, generally neglected in a classical approach. In order to do this, two kinds of approaches have been used : - a theoretical one using a statistical homogenization approach mainly based on orientation of a contact variable ; - a numerical one using a software (PFC2D) based on the Discrete Element Method. A constant comparison of the above two approaches is a key ingredient of this work. This work aims to analyse and improve three topics of micromechanical approach : - the granular materials kinematics : the goal is the study of relations between local kinematics (rolling, sliding and displacements of particles which are not in contact) and strain tensor ; - the influence of contact couples on the microscopic and macroscopic behaviour, as well as the interest of taking them into account in micromechanical approaches ; 0 the study of cemented granular materials rupture : the aim is the definition of macroscopic parameters for rupture from local microscopic characteristics
Morgene, Mohamed Fedy. "Modélisation in vitro de la colonisation à staphylococcus aureus ; interactions avec l’infection à rhinovirus." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSES054/document.
Full textSome respiratory viruses such as rhinoviruses seem to promote staphylococcus aureus colonization. However, the details of the bacterial and cellular mechanisms involved in this synergy have not been sufficiently elucidated. The aim of this thesis was to develop and validate an in vitro model mimicking s. aureus colonization of the nasal vestibule by using hacat human keratinocytes. This model allowed to study (i) the adhesion and internalization capacities of various clinical s. aureus strains, (ii) the intracellular efficiency of the antimicrobial molecules used for s. aureus nasal decolonization, (iii) the effect of clarithromycin on rhinovirus infection, and (iv) the impact of rhinovirus infection and non-specific inflammation on s. aureus colonization. This work has mainly identified a new alternative mechanism for the internalization of s. aureus through the binding between the bacterial protein eap (extracellular adherence protein) and the cell receptor icam-1 (intracellular adhesion molecule 1). This alternative pathway is favored in case of rhinovirus infection or inflammation; which could explain the clinical observations of the increase of the load of s. aureus or the risk of infection by this bacterium during respiratory viral infections or post-traumatic inflammations. The results of this thesis illustrate the complexity of the interactions between the mucosal epithelial cells, s. aureus and viral pathogens and suggest that other studies are needed to propose appropriate preventive or therapeutic strategies
Ragoonaden, Karen. "Les interactions collaboratives dans des cours à distance sur Internet." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ65329.pdf.
Full textdu, Tremblay Charles. "Interactions haptiques et applications de simulation à l'aide de cybergloves." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26546/26546.pdf.
Full textSarkar, Anita. "Facettes de glycobioinformatique : applications à l'étude des interactions protéines-sucres." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00870801.
Full textDemourant, Fabrice. "Interactions identification-commande robuste : méthodes et applications à l'avion souple." École nationale supérieure de l'aéronautique et de l'espace (Toulouse ; 1972-2007), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ESAE0019.
Full textBlouquin, Rodolphe. "Contribution à l'étude théorique des interactions entre combustion et rayonnement." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2363.
Full textChamerois, Manuel. "Interactions entre trisiloxanes fonctionnalisés et surfaces minérales : applications à l'hydrofugation." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2000_CHAMEROIS_M.pdf.
Full textSurface modification of mineral substances with adsorbed organic layers can be used to prevent the weathering of facades. To enhance interactions between the silicone formulations and surfaces, anchorage functions can be inserted in the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) network. This study deals with the abstraction of functionalized PDMS fragments (trisiloxane compounds), from cyc1ohexane, onto minerals typical of most surface materials used for building facades: a silica, a carbonate, a pyrophyllite and cement hydrates. The anchorage functions studied are derived from piperidine (secondary and ternary amine) or succinic acid (anhydride and diacid). The adsorption of piperidinic compounds is strongly dependent on hydrogen bonds formed between the superficial hydroxyl groups and the amine groups. In the case of succinic compounds, adsorption takes place mainly through carboxylate functions. Focussing on the various spectroscopic signatures of stretching vibrations of the carbonyl bonds of the carboxylic functions (anhydride, diacid, dissociated diacid), phenomena in both the liquid phase and on the solid surfaces can be approached precisely. The last part of this thesis examines the evolution of the superficial properties of calcium carbonate powders coated with increasing amounts of anhydride molecules. Using high resolution nitrogen and argon adsorption, it is possible to visualize the progressive coverage of the surface by water repellent molecules. Water adsorption isotherms reveal that the hydrophobicity of solids does not prevent the adsorption of water molecules but that the structure of adsorbed water layers is strongly perturbated when compared to liquid water or to water adsorbed on the untreated mineral surface
Jaouen, Sandrine. "Les hémicaténanes d'ADN : interactions avec les protéines à boîte HMG." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066165.
Full textDulou, Cyril (19. "Interactions houle-sédiments : application à la formation des barres littorales." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX11024.
Full textCasolari, Florence. "Les activités discursives dans les interactions transactionnelles à la poste." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX10062.
Full textLebrun, Eléonore. "Interactions à distance dans la chromatine silencée de saccharomyces cerevisiae." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENSL0220.
Full textTeboul, Victor. "Contribution à l'étude des polarisabilités induites par les interactions moléculaires." Angers, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ANGE0004.
Full textStroh, Christophe. "Interactions électroniques dans des systèmes moléculaires à électrons non appariés." Strasbourg 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13223.
Full textThe PhD studies consisted in studying the electronic interactions, namely magnetic and photonic, in molecular systems containing unpaired electronic. The entities used are either stable paramagnetic groups, like the nitronyl-nitroxide or imino-nitroxide radicals, or paramagnetic transition metals, or photosensible groups, like the ruthenium(II) bis-terpyridine or the dansyl. In the field of the molecular magnetism, intramolecular interactions between unpaired electrons have been studied in unsaturated systems bearing two stable organic radicals. Intramolecular interactions between a metal and a stable organic radical have been shown in transition metal complexes. In the field of the molecular photonic, ruthenium(II) bis-terpyridine complexes grafted by a bipyrimidine or a phenanthroline have been synthesised. The behaviour of the excited electrons after irradiation of the first complex, as well as the perturbation due to addition of cations have been studied. Finally, in the field of a mixed approach, a photosensible entity has been combined with a stable organic radical. Such molecules will allow the study of the interaction between the electrons arising from the excitation of the photosensible label with the spin of the unpaired electron of the organic radical
Betzi, Stéphane. "Inhibition des interactions protéine/protéine : application à la conception d'antiviraux." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX11008.
Full textMy thesis focused on the future of biomedical research. We have developed for this purpose a protocol allowing to speed-up the discovery of new bio-active molecules targeting the interactions between two proteins. Using this protocol that we call "2P2I approach", acronym of Protein/Protein Interaction Inhibition, we proposes to combine molecular modeling methods for small molecules screening (in silico screening) with experimental screening using in vitro and cellular assays. It permits to create and adapt a fast and efficient strategy to design bio-active compounds according the biological subject specificities (known structures, known inhibitors, directed mutagenesis data) and applicable in academic research programs. The manuscript describes how we applied the 2P2I approach to several research projects to design antiviral drugs as well as the modeling tools and strategies we developed
Rabillard, Aurélien. "Interactions magmas-détachements : Du terrain (Mer Egée, Grèce) à l'expérimentation." Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2061/document.
Full textMagma intrusions within the lithosphere are often considered as thermomechanical instabilities capable to locally and transiently stimulate strain localization. With the aim of testing this model and determining possible mechanisms that govern the initiation of localized deformation at the contact and within magmatic bodies, this thesis combine a fieldwork with an experimental approach. The Cyclades (Aegean Sea, Greece) form a highly extended continental domain in which five metamorphic core complexes (MCCs) were intruded by magmatic complexes, themselves capped by detachment systems. All collected structural and kinematic data, combined with previous investigations, converge toward a regional scheme in which magmatic bodies dynamically impacted the late evolution of the Cycladic MCCs. Granitoids were emplaced in relatively short time period (15-9 Ma) while metamorphic domes were largely exhumed after more than 10 Myrs of extension. None of those intrusions thereby proves to be a real candidate for the genesis of MCCs. However, continuums of deformation recorded within granitoids (magmatic to ductile/brittle states) as well as geometrical relationships with detachments suggest a pivotal role of magmatic complexes in redistribution and localization processes of the deformation, with in particular the sequential development of detachments. Precursors of strain localization within partially cristallized magmas have been concurrently deciphered by an experimental study. The investigation of the structural behavior of magmas, chemically and texturally similar to natural systems, corroborates that strain localization is efficiently activated along interfaces with contrasting rheology such as in the vicinity of synplutonic dikes. It has been also shown that the initial presence of textural inhomogeneities (e.g. like clusters) in medium-crystallized magmas can drastically influence the degree of strain localization during subsequent cooling stages
Hajiw, Stéphanie. "Des interactions entre nanoparticules d’or hydrophobes à leur auto-assemblage." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS080/document.
Full textAs many colloids, metallic nanoparticles grafted with hydrophobic ligands self-assemble above a volume fraction threshold and thus build superlattices. These model systems, which are widely studied when suspended in volatile oils, enable a better understanding of soft spheres self-assembly.Interactions which lead to self-assembly are commonly described by the combination of van der Waals attraction with interaction between the ligand shells. The shell behavior is controlled by the ligand affinity with the solvent. An effect of the solvent on the self-assembly of nanoparticles has already been observed. Using a small angle X-ray scattering, I measured, through the structure factor, the interactions between gold nanoparticles grafted with alkanethiols in different oils, at various concentrations, for different lengths of ligands and core diameters. I noticed an attractive interaction when using flexible linear alkanes as solvent. It has also been shown that the attraction intensity increases with the solvent length.In order to correlate the interactions between particles to their phase diagram, I studied the crystallization process by concentrating nanoparticles using evaporation in capillaries or Ostwald ripening in emulsions. I showed that attractive interactions induced by the solvent lead to superlattices formation at very low volume fractions.At high concentrations, the superlattice structure depends on the ratio of the ligand length over the gold core diameter. For a ratio around 0.7, the final structure observed is body centered cubic, whereas at lower concentration, it is face centered cubic. When this ratio is halved, an unexpected structure is observed. It is a hexagonal structure with a large lattice parameter. It has been analyzed as a Frank and Kasper’s phase named MgZn2 or C14. It is the first time that this topologically close-packed structure is observed for monodisperse soft spheres. The existence of this phase and the role of the ratio R have been interpreted by considering quantitatively the competition between ligands entropy and the strong van der Waals attraction
Tholé, Marie-gaëlle. "Les filles à l'école au Mali : langage, représentations et interactions." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30079/document.
Full textThe education system in Mali, one of the poorest countries in the world, suffers from severe difficulties (stemming from socioeconomic, socio-cultural and political problems) which the government has been trying to address to foster economic development. In this country, the situation of girls and women is problematic and a cause of concern. Although female under-education, a characteristic of Africa, tends to decrease, gender inequalities prevail. Research conducted in France has shown that school appears as the place where fossilized ideological structures placing girls and women in an inferior position are reproduced. In that sense, gender interactions at stake in society shape interactions in the classroom and vice versa. The present study is rooted in linguistics and also relies on research in education. Its aim is to describe on the one hand the girls’ and teachers’ social representations, and on the other hand the linguistic and interactional phenomena that occur in the classroom. The purpose of this research is to determine whether the way the classroom works reflects society, as regards the role and place of girls and women in Mali. This study relies on a corpus collected in Mali, which includes interviews with teachers and 4th-year and 9th-year girls, as well as videos filmed in class in two Malian towns – N’Kourala, a rural village, and Bamako, the capital city of Mali
Gerard, Mathias. "Étude des interactions pile/système en vue de l'optimisation d'un générateur pile à combustible : -interactions cœur de pile/compresseur- -interactions cœur de pile/convertisseur-." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00618808.
Full textBrugidou, Vincent. "Théorie des interactions magnetoelastiques à faible vecteur d'onde et application à de nouveaux dispositifs microondes." Limoges, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIMO0188.
Full textLiem, Nguyen Thanh. "Contribution à l'étude des interactions entre une liaison à courant continu et des réseaux alternatifs." Grenoble INPG, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPG0133.
Full textYang, Wei. "Interactions de radionucléides et de CO2 avec les argiles : mécanismes à élucider à l’échelle nanométrique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10027/document.
Full textIn order to predict and regulate the environmental impact of human activities such as uranium mining and radioactive waste disposal, it is necessary to understand the behavior of actinides in the environment because their interaction with clay mineral is an important factor to control the migration of radionuclide in the environment. The behavior of actinides in the soil is mainly the surface adsorption interactions, which change the forms of radioactive elements and reduces the mobility of actinides in the natural systems. Therefore, it is important to search how the actinides interact with clay mineral such as the fundamental process of surface precipitation. Uranium is the predominant heavy metal content of the final waste in the nuclear fuel cycle (>95% UO2). In addition, uranium is a major contaminant in the soil, subsurface and groundwater as a result of human activity. Under standard environmental conditions, the most stable chemical form of U(VI) is the uranyl ion UO22+, which is potentially very mobile and readily complexates with organic and inorganic matter. On the other hand, Carbon dioxide is an important greenhouse gas, warming the earth’s surface to a higher temperature by reducing outward radiation. However, problems may occur when the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases increases. Amounts of carbon dioxide were produced since the industrial revolution, which is behind the significant global warming and rising sea level. Clay minerals are of great practical importance here, in storage of carbon dioxide due to its hydraulic permeability and ability to retain mobile species. We have chosen kaolinite and montmorillonite as prototypes of clay minerals of 1:1 and 2:1. Classical Monte Carlo (MC) and molecular dynamics (MD) methods have been used in this work in order to understand the adsorption behaviour of radionuclide and carbon dioxide in clays surface. In this thesis, we will investigate –first- the adsorption of uranyl on kaolinite surface by means of Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics simulation methods. Several adsorption sites have been modeled by considering surface defects in order to have inner or outer-sphere complexes. Then, the adsorptions of uranyl species onto Montmorillonite surfaces in the presence of different counterions will be performed. Interaction energy between Montmorillonite sheets and work of adhesion between the radionuclide and MMT surface will be discussed as well. Finally, we will study the adsorption behavior of carbon dioxide in MMT, and investigate at the same time thermodynamics, structural and dynamical properties
Antlanger, Moritz. "Structures ordonnées dans les systèmes avec des interactions à longue portée." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS010/document.
Full textThe central paradigm in the emerging field of metamaterials is that the properties of a material are in certain cases governed rather by the well-ordered spatial arrangement of its constituent particles than by the properties of those particles themselves. Since such highly ordered patterns can act as waveguides for acoustic, elastic, or electromagnetic waves, they can give rise to novel material properties, opening up new avenues in materials design. The central problem of how to produce the required ordered particle arrangements, e.g., via self-assembly, has received significant attention both from the experimental and theoretical sides.In theoretical studies, the interactions between particles are modeled via potential functions, whose shape and range have a profound impact on the formed structures. These potentials are often short-ranged, i.e., they are characterized by a rapid decay with distance. In this thesis, we focus on systems featuring long-range interactions, where particles interact over significantly larger distances than the mean inter-particle separation. Typical examples for such potentials are charged or multipolar interactions.In our approach, we first determine the ordered structures formed by the particles at vanishing temperature by minimizing the relevant thermodynamic potential. We observe a surprising plethora of different structural archetypes as well as novel phase transition scenarios. Then, we investigate the stability of these structures at low temperatures using Monte Carlo simulations
Morisseau, François. "Simulations de collisions entre systèmes classiques à N-corps en interactions." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00108025.
Full textD'une part certaines approches théoriques supposent que les phénomènes observés lors des collisions d'ions lourds sont d'origine thermique. Pour notre cas classique, nous montrons qu'au contraire la voie d'entrée y joue un rôle important. De plus, les noyaux en collisions sont censés présenter une transition de phase de type liquid-gaz du premier ordre.
Gerbault, Éric Pierre Louis. "Interactions et organisations moléculaires de solutions micellaires à l'interface solide-liquide." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0001/MQ33655.pdf.
Full textMercier, Jean-François. "Simulation des interactions entre les écoulements à surface libre et souterrain." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0020/MQ48867.pdf.
Full textBeausoleil, Éric. "Interactions stériques à l'intérieur de peptides contenant des prolines non-naturelles." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ56460.pdf.
Full textMahut, Théo. "Elaboration d'une méthodologie Kansei à travers les interactions physiques et digitales." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENAM0057/document.
Full textUsers’ experience with products recently became a major differentiation factor for products and services companies (such as Toyota Motor Europe), leading to deeper researches on both user experience and interaction. These researches preach for a deeper consideration of the subjective perception rather than artifacts’ objective properties.From this approach of ‘design research’ through the subjective perception, this study intends to understand and formalize the reciprocal influence between Interaction and user experience, highlighting which parameters are affecting subjective reactions. From these parameters, this research isolated the artifact’s physical and digital properties in order to highlight its effects on user’s affective and cognitive reactions.By doing so, this research resulted in both academic and industrial contributions. In terms of the former, it made possible to formalize the interdependency between User Experience and Interactions, to define a taxonomy of interactive products through the metaphorical approach of physical and digital interactions and to materialize a methodology with tools for both evaluating and designing interactions from the User Experience perspective
Euvé, Léo-Paul. "Interactions ondes-courant-obstacle : application à la physique des trous noirs." Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT2280/document.
Full textThe aim of the PhD is the observation the Hawking radiation in the laboratory, this astounding prediction of the English astrophysicist Stephen Hawking made in 1974: black holes are not black. In other words, they do not absorb anything within reach but emit a radiation. In addition to the complications of the fact that these celestial objects are thousands of light years away, this radiation is so weak that it would be like trying to hear a whisper in a rock concert. But William Unruh, in 1981, proposed a solution: to use hydrodynamic systems which have the same mathematical equations as in astrophysics. More precisely, in our case, we use the correspondence between the propagation of light in the vicinity of a black hole and surface waves propagation on a inhomogeneous countercurrent (due to the presence of a submerged obstacle). For this, a thorough understanding of the surface waves physics is necessary (variable bathymetry, vorticity, non-linearities ...). On the technical side, a free surface measurement method has been developed and optimized
Le, Lan Charlotte. "Propriétés structurales de la cavéoline-1 et interactions à l'interface membranaire." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077055.
Full textCaveolin-1 (21kDa) is the main component of specific microdomain of the plasma membrane, enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids, called caveolae. These structures play a role in many cellular processes. A protein-protein and lipid-protein interactions networks occur within these structures. The main goal of this work bas been to contribute to elucidate the molecular basis of the interactions networks between caveolin-1, lipids and proteins, in order to understand the structure and multifunctional role of caveolae. In the absence of any available structural information at the atomic level on any components of caveolae to describe these networks, our first work has been to focus on the structure of the main caveolae component, i. E caveolin-1 and more particularly the membrane attachment domain N-MAD or CSD (including CRAC motif) and the intra -membrane domain. One of our goals was to obtain a large quantity of these domains to perform an NMR study. To this aim chemical synthesis and biochemical synthesis were used. Our work has provided the fîrst structural data and interaction with lipids of caveolin-1 fragment, CSD and CRAC in various membrane mimics. NMR structural study of the synthetic fragment including CSD and the hydrophobic domain highlights two a helical regions (82 to 102 and 115 to 120)
Delfau, Jean-Baptiste. "Diffusion et corrélations de particules confinées en interactions à langue portée." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077135.
Full textDescribing the diffusion of brownian correlated objects is not a trivial issue in statistical physics. Long-ranged correlations indeed induce an "anomalous" diffusion, by definition not described by the usual statistical physics laws, which means that it has to be studied on a per cases base. This PhD is devoted to one particular example named Single-file Diffusion, refering to the diffusion of an ordered chain of particles that cannot cross each other. We report here molecular dynamics simulations and experimental results emphasizing the existence of several diffusive behaviors for the longitudinal or transverse fluctuations of particles in a SFD configuration. Ail our numerical and experimental results can be explained by an analytical model based on the decomposition of the thermal fluctuations on the vibrational eigenmodes of the System. This model can be used to describe real physical Systems as it takes into account long-ranged interactions, the influence of the dissipation, the size of the System and the properties of both confinement forces. This eigenmodes analysis can explain the evolution of the transverse fluctuations during the zigzag transition and the structure of the System after the transition. Moreover, studying the transverse fluctuations also contributes to the understanding of the influence of a thermal noise on a pitchfork bifurcation
Lafont, Sylvaine. "Interactions des molécules de protéines en solution : application à la critallogénèse." Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30047.
Full textArib, Mohand. "Contribution à l'étude des interactions magnéto-mécaniques dans les ferromagnétiques solides." Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1133.
Full textCoquillat, Sylvain. "Étude des interactions microphysique-électrisation favorables à l'initialisation des décharges nuageuses." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30009.
Full textCarpentier, Laurence. "Étude des interactions entre protéines : application à la séparation d’enzymes pectinolytiques." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPD024.
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