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Journal articles on the topic 'A Heterakid'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 19 February 2023

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1

Vicente, J. Julio, Roberto Magalhães Pinto Pinto, and Dely Noronha. "Remarks, on six species of Heterakid Nematodes parasites of brazilian Tinamid birds with description of a new species." Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 88, no. 2 (June 1993): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02761993000200015.

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2

Bouamer, Salah, and Serge Morand. "TWO NEW HETERAKID (NEMATODA) SPECIES FROM KINIXYS EROSA (SCHWEIGGER, 1812), (CHELONII: TESTUDINIDAE) IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO." Journal of Parasitology 93, no. 3 (June 2007): 639–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/ge-988r.1.

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3

Gao, Jun-Feng, Mei-Ru Hou, Wen-Feng Wang, Zhong-Yan Gao, Xian-Guang Zhang, Yi-Xin Lu, and Tong-Rui Shi. "The complete mitochondrial genome of Heterakis dispar (Ascaridida: Heterakidae)." Mitochondrial DNA Part B 4, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 1630–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2019.1574627.

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4

Bobrek, Kamila, Joanna Hildebrand, Joanna Urbanowicz, and Andrzej Gaweł. "Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Heterakis dispar Isolated from Geese." Acta Parasitologica 64, no. 4 (September 11, 2019): 753–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11686-019-00112-1.

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Abstract Purpose Heterakidosis is a common parasitic infection caused in domestic birds by Heterakis species: Heterakis gallinarum, H. isolonche, and H. dispar. Among them, the best described species is H. gallinarum, noted mainly in gallinaceous birds. In waterfowl, H. dispar is the predominant species. The variations in morphology and host specificity qualify H. dispar as a different species, but the phylogenetic relationships between heterakids were unclear for a long time, because of a lack of H. dispar sequences. Methods The authors provided the molecular data for H. dispar and analyzed the obtained sequences of the partial 18S rRNA gene and region ITS1-5.8SrRNA-ITS2 with the homological sequences. Results The 18S rRNA PCR product of H. dispar was about 800 bp, and the ITS-5.8S-ITS2 PCR product was about 920 bp, noticeably smaller size compared to H. gallinarum product. The BLAST analysis of H. dispar 18S sequence showed a 99% similarity with the sequences of Heterakis gallinarum and Ascaridia galli, 98% with A. nymphii, but only 94% with the sequence of Heterakis sp. Our ITS sequence of H. dispar was almost identical to the H. isolonche isolate, there is only one nucleotide of difference among the 943 sites analyzed. It also showed a lower similarity to the ITS sequences of H. gallinarum (88%), H. spumosa (87%), and H. dahomensis (87%). Conclusions In our phylogenetic analysis, it is the first attempt at the reconstruction of relationships within this superfamily Heterakoidea based on 18S rDNA and ITS region.

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5

Bobrek, Kamila, Andrzej Gaweł, and Joanna Urbanowicz. "Molecular Analysis of the Heterakis dispar Population in Domestic Geese Based on the ITS1-5.8rRNA-ITS2 Fragment." Animals 12, no. 7 (April 4, 2022): 926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12070926.

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Heterakidosis is a parasitic infection in birds caused by the cecal parasite Heterakis spp. The most common species in geese is H. dispar, the largest avian heterakids species. Because of a scarcity of data concerning the H. dispar population, the aim of this study was the genetic analysis of Heterakis dispar isolated from geese flocks based on the ITS1-5.8rRNA-ITS2 fragment. Among the 71 H. dispar specimens isolated from 20 geese flocks, six haplotypes were determined (A, B, C, D, E, and F). The four nucleotide substitutions were noted in both ITS fragments, and all of them were transitions between adenine and guanine, or thymine and cytosine. The most frequently noted haplotype was type A (45%), followed by type B (18.3%), type C and D (11.3%), type E (8.5%), and F (5.6%). Infection with nematodes from different haplotype groups was noted in 30% of the flocks, with type A being the most prevalent, followed by types B, D, or E to make up 100%. This study represents the first H. dispar population analysis based on the ITS1-5.8rRNA-ITS2 fragment.

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6

Efremova and Zubareva. "EPIZOOTIC SITUATION ON HELMINTHOSES OF THE POULTRY IN INDIVIDUAL FARMS OF THE NOVOSIBIRSK REGION." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 20 (May 14, 2019): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-9902340-8-6.2019.20.210-215.

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Data on a modern epizootic situation on helminthoses of hens in the Novosibirsk region are provided in article. To study the contamination of poultry with helminths, the ovoscopic Fulleborn method, commonly accepted in parasitology, was used. In total 360 fecal samples received from the poultry contained in personal farms of citizens of Suzunsky, Toguchinsky, Cherepanovky districts of the Novosibirsk region were investigated. It is found that the parasitic complex of the gastrointestinal tract is represented by 2 classes of helminths – Nematoda and Cestoda, as well as unicellular class Sporozoa, the genus Eimeria. Nematodes include the helminths belonging to 3 families and 5 genus – Capillariidae (g. Capillaria, g. Eucoleus, g. Thominx), Ascaridiidae (g. Askaridia) and Heterakidae (g. Heterakis). Parasitosis proceed in the form of mixtinvasions. In gelminthokomplex of a poultry the dominating components are nematodes of families Capillariidae with high average infection level – 50.8%. Subdominants are Ascaris and Heterakis, their average poultry invasion is 19.2 and 23.6% respectively. The widespread distribution of pathogens nematodes is revealed, but poultry infestation with individual nematode species both in the regions and in individual settlements differs. The infestation of poultry nematodes of the families Capillariidae, Ascaridiidae and Heterakidae varies, including the level of one area. The maximum and minimum infestation of a poultry is registered by the specified helminths in Suzun, Suzunsky district and in the settlement Semenovsky of Cherepanovsky district, with infestation respectively 70,0; 46,7;40,0% and 26.9; 20.4; 21.3%. The infection of the poultry with cestodoses ranged from 0.8 to 9.4% and averaged 3.3%.

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7

Smales, L. R. "Heterakis fieldingi n. sp. (Nematoda: Heterakoidea) from the Australian water-rat, with a review of heterakids occurring in mammals." Systematic Parasitology 35, no. 2 (October 1996): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00009821.

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8

AMOR, Nabil, Sarra FARJALLAH, Osama Badri MOHAMMED, Abdulaziz ALAGAILI, and Lilia BAHRI-SFAR. "Molecular characterization of the nematode Heterakis gallinarum (Ascaridida: Heterakidae) infecting domestic chickens ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) in Tunisia." TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES 42, no. 5 (October 12, 2018): 388–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/vet-1803-28.

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9

Upadhyay, Sushil Kumar. "Morphotaxometry of a New Roundworm Heterakis equispiculis n.sp. (Nematoda: Heterakidae) from Rodents of Bundelkhand Region at Uttar Pradesh, India." Proceedings of the Zoological Society 72, no. 2 (November 28, 2017): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12595-017-0252-9.

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10

Yevstafyeva, V. A., V. V. Melnychuk, О. V. Nikiforova, К. V. Suprunenko, L. N. Korchan, Т. Р. Lokes-Krupka, I. S. Nehrebetskyi, and N. І. Korchan. "Comparative morphology and biology of nematodes of genus Heterakis (Nematoda, Heterakidae), parasites of the domestic goose (Anser anser) in Ukraine." Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 9, no. 2 (April 28, 2018): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/021834.

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The genus Heterakis Dujardin, 1845 is one of the most widely distributed genera of nematode parasites of domestic and wild birds. Geographically and ecologically predominant species include Heterakis gallinarum Schrank, 1788 and Heterakis dispar Schrank, 1790. Prevalence and occurrence of these nematodes in the domestic goose (Anser anser dom.) depend on their biological and morphological specifics which ensure the highest viability, fast growth and maximum fertility in the host. This study presents the abundance and species composition of nematodes of the genus Heterakis in the domestic goose in Ukraine. Comparative study of morphological and metrical characteristics of H. gallinarum and H. dispar adult females and males is presented. Additional morphometric characteristics are proposed for easier identification of the two species. Stages and periods of embryonic development of H. gallinarum and H. dispar nematodes obtained from domestic geese are established according to morphological and metrical characters. Of the two species, H. dispar is prevalent in domestic geese from Poltava, Kharkiv and Kyiv regions. Abundance index of this species is 9.8 specimens, and intensity of infection index is up to 62 specimens. H. gallinarum is rarer, its abundance index is 1.2 specimens and maximum intensity of infection is 30 specimens. Species-specific morphological differences are more distinct in male nematodes in the size and structure of the spicules, lateral wing-like protrusions of pseudobursas, numbers and position of tail papillae. Additional metrical characteristics differ between H. gallinarum and H. dispar nematodes, allowing us to identify not only adult specimens but also eggs. Embryonic development of both species occurs in four morphologically distinct stages: protoplast, blastomere cleavage, formation of first and second stage larvae. Eggs of H. gallinarum nematodes become infectious in eight days at 27 °С, eggs of H. dispar in four days, their viability in laboratory culture is 84.3 ± 0.58 and 91.3 ± 1.53% respectively.

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11

Ushigome, Naoto, Tomoo Yoshino, Yuu Suzuki, Mutsuhiko Kawajiri, Kazushige Masaki, Daiji Endo, and Mitsuhiko Asakawa. "Three species of the genus Heterakis Dujardin, 1845 (Nematoda: Heterakidae) from a captive Satyr Tragopan (Tragopan satyra) (Avia) in zoological garden." Nematological Research 40, no. 1 (2010): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3725/jjn.40.21.

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12

Wang, Bao-Jian, Xiao-Bin Gu, Guang-You Yang, Tao Wang, Wei-Min Lai, Zhi-Jun Zhong, and Guo-Hua Liu. "Mitochondrial genomes of Heterakis gallinae and Heterakis beramporia support that they belong to the infraorder Ascaridomorpha." Infection, Genetics and Evolution 40 (June 2016): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2016.03.012.

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13

Yoshino, Tomoo, Manabu Onuma, Takashi Nagamine, Mako Inaba, Takaharu Kawashima, Koichi Murata, Kazuto Kawakami, Takashi Kuwana, and Mitsuhiko Asakawa. "First record of the genus Heterakis (Nematoda: Heterakidae) obtained from two scarce avian species, Japanese rock ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus japonicus) and Okinawa rails (Gallirallus okinawae), in Japan." Japanese Journal of Nematology 38, no. 2 (2008): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3725/jjn.38.89.

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14

Kerroucha, R., I. Medjoual, L. Bourguig, and K. Senouci. "Identification of the main intestinal helminths of local breed chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus Linnaeus, 1758) reared in traditional mode in the Oran region." Helminthologia 59, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 170–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/helm-2022-0015.

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Summary In order to gain a better etiological and epidemiological knowledge of the parasitic diseases of local breed chickens reared in extensive (traditional) mode, a study was carried out in the Oran region during the periods from February 2020 to April 2020. Ten chickens were examined by the helminthologic autopsy method to identify parasitic helminths in the digestive tract. Four species of helminths have been identified: two species of nematodes: Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinarum and two species of cestodes: Raillietina cesticillus and Raillietina tetragona. Six chickens were carriers of the parasites, for an overall level of infestation of 60 % with an average infestation of 7 parasites per chicken. The rate of parasitism and infestation varied from species to species, Heterakis gallinarum being the most dominant species. The estimate of the infestation rate by each group shows a predominance of nematodes with 62 parasites (88.5 %) compared to cestodes (8 parasites) with a significantly higher difference (P <0.05). The results obtained show that chickens of the local Gallus gallus domesticus breed in the Oran region are heavily infested by parasites including Heterakis gallinarum, the predominant species.

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15

Nasibova, G. "Turkeys Helminthiasis and Their Seasonal Dynamics." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 11 (November 15, 2020): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/60/16.

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Evolving to reach the invasive stage of helminth eggs, being found themselves in the environment, the availability of suitable temperature and humidity is very important. On the basis of scatological studies and autopsies, along with the infection of turkeys with helminths Ascaridia dissimilis, Heterakis gallinarum and Raillietina tetragona, as well as a higher intensity of invasions in the summer seasons, were found in birds kept in the foothill areas of the region. So, on the basis of the parasitological studies, carried out the extensiveness of large roundworms (ascarids) in turkeys was determined in the following specimens of helminths 19.2%, intensity (II) 3–21, heterakis EI 26.6%, II 4–23, raillietina EI 22.4%, II 3–12.

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16

Alam, MN, M. Mostofa, MAHNA Khan, MA Alim, AKMA Rahman, and AA Trisha. "Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Helminth Infections in Indigenous Chickens of Selected Areas of Barisal District, Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine 12, no. 2 (December 22, 2014): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v12i2.21275.

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The prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth infections and the gross pathological lesions produced by them were studied from February 2012 to January 2013 in the Department of Pharmacology of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. In this study, a total of 320 indigenous chickens aged ranging from 2 to 4 months were examined to identify the different types of gastrointestinal helminth infections in indigenous chickens. During routine examination, six species of helminth parasites were recorded, of which five species of nematodes such as Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum, Capillaria spp, Acuaria hamulosa and Dispharynx spiralis; and one species was cestode called Raillietina tetragona. The highest prevalence was observed for Ascaridia galli (41.56%) followed in descending order by Raillietina tetragona (19.68%), Heterakis gallinarum (15.62%), Acuaria hamulosa (8.75%), Capillaria spp. (4.68% ) and Disopharinx spiralis (1.56%). The gross pathological lesions were observed in case of Acuaria hamulosa and Heterakis gallinarum infection. In case of Acuaria hamulosa infection keratinization of gizzard mucosa and cross section of adult Acuaria hamulosa were seen along with marked infiltration of neutrophils. The results of this study suggest that both nematodes and cestodes are highly prevalent in indigenous chickens in the studied area.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v12i2.21275 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2014). 12 (2): 135-139

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17

Hossain, M. Najmul, Anita Rani Dey, Nurjahan Begum, and Thahsin Farjan. "Parasitic infection in captive wild mammals and birds in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Safari Park, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh." Journal of Threatened Taxa 13, no. 3 (March 26, 2021): 17889–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.5682.13.3.17889-17894.

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We investigated the infection rate of gastrointestinal (GI) parasite eggs and premature stages from different wild animals and birds in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Safari Park, Dulahazra, Cox’s Bazar. A total of 56 fecal samples were collected from 24 species during July to November 2012 using modified Stoll’s ova dilution technique. Coprology analysis revealed that the overall rate of parasitic infection was 78.6%, of which 51.8% were helminths and 35.7% protozoa. The identified parasites were Paramphistomum spp. (7.1%), Fasciola spp. (5.4%), strongyles (26.8%), Ascaris spp. (3.6%), Strongyloides spp. (7.1%), Dictyocaulus spp. (5.4%), Trichuris spp. (3.6%), Capillaria spp. (5.4%), Heterakis spp. (3.6%), and Balantidium coli (35.7%). Mixed infection (21.4%) was observed in nine animals, including co-infection with Balantidium coli and strongyles in Tiger Panthera tigris, Sambar Deer Rusa unicolor and Pig-tailed Macaque Macaca nemestrina, Strongyloides spp., Trichuris spp. and larvae of Dictyocaulus spp. in Capped Langur Trachypithecus pileatus, Balantidium coli and Capillaria spp. in Clouded Leopard Neofelis nebulosa, Fasciola spp. and Balantidium coli in Spotted Deer Axis axis, Ascaris spp. and strongyles in African Elephant Loxodonta africana, Strongyloides spp. and Heterakis spp. in Peafowl Pavo cristatus and Heterakis spp. and strongyles co-infection in Great Pied Hornbill Buceros bicornis. It is concluded that GI parasites were prevalent in this safari park. Further epidemiological investigation is necessary for controlling parasitic infection.

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Lima, Victor Fernando Santana, Taynar Lima Bezerra, Alex Fonseca de Andrade, Rafael Antonio Nascimento Ramos, Maria Aparecida da Glória Faustino, Leucio Câmara Alves, and Patrícia Oliveira Meira-Santos. "Gastrointestinal parasites of exotic birds living in captivity in the state of Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 26, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612016080.

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Abstract Brazil has a wide diversity of exotic birds that were brought to this country during the European colonization. These animals are kept in captivity and, in some cases, in inadequate facilities, which may facilitate the introduction of pathogens, including gastrointestinal parasites. The purpose of this study was to identify the main gastrointestinal parasites that affect exotic birds living in captivity in the state of Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil. Fecal samples (n = 362) from exotic birds were analyzed by direct examination and by the Willis-Mollay technique. Eggs of Amidostomum sp., Ascaridia sp., Capillarinae, Heterakis sp., Trichostrongylidae, and oocysts of coccidians were identified in nine different bird species. This is the first report in Brazil of infection by Ascaridia sp. and Heterakis sp. in Nymphicus hollandicus; by Trichostrongylidae in Serinus canaria and Streptopelia risoria.

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Daş, Gürbüz, Pål O. Westermark, and Matthias Gauly. "Diurnal variation in egg excretion by Heterakis gallinarum." Parasitology 146, no. 2 (July 6, 2018): 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182018001075.

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AbstractPeriodicity in nematode egg excretion may be of evolutionary origin as it can favour dispersal of the eggs in the environment. We investigated whether egg excretion by Heterakis gallinarum shows a repeatable pattern of periodicity. The faecal egg concentration and total number of eggs excreted within 4-h intervals were significantly affected by the sampling time within 1 day, but remained unaffected by the sampling day or interaction effects. By contrast, the total number of eggs excreted within 24 h did not differ among the 4 days of the study, collectively indicating repeatable egg excretion patterns. Both host feces and parasite egg excretion increased from night to late afternoon, followed by a decrease in the evening, resulting in higher egg excretion during daytime than the dark period. Feces excretion and worm fecundity showed overlapping diurnal rhythms with similarly timed phases, suggesting the existence of synchronicity between the host feces and nematode egg excretion patterns. We conclude that egg excretion by H. gallinarum is synchronized with host feces excretion and is higher during the daytime than during the dark period. This overlaps with the maximum activity of the day-active host and allows a maximal dispersal of the eggs in the environment.

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20

Cupo, Katherine L., and Robert B. Beckstead. "PCR detection of Heterakis gallinarum in environmental samples." Veterinary Parasitology 271 (July 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.05.011.

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21

Menezes, Rodrigo Caldas, Rogério Tortelly, Delir Corrêa Gomes, and Roberto Magalhães Pinto. "Nodular typhlitis associated with the nematodes Heterakis gallinarum and Heterakis isolonche in pheasants: frequency and pathology with evidence of neoplasia." Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 98, no. 8 (December 2003): 1011–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02762003000800005.

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22

Gomez Villafañe, I., M. Robles, and M. Busch. "Helminth communities and host-parasite relationships in argentine brown rat (Rattus norvegicus)." Helminthologia 45, no. 3 (September 1, 2008): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11687-008-0024-1.

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AbstractThe aims of this research were: 1) to determine the helminth parasite fauna of seventy two Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) individuals inhabiting poultry farms in the Pampean region of Argentina; 2) to examine the relationship between parasitism and individual characteristics of the hosts, and 3) to analyze the associations among helminths. The study was carried out in twenty-four poultry farms from autumn 2000 to winter 2001. Nematodes were found in the intestine or caecum rectum of the 74 % of rats and cestodes were found along all the intestine of the 28 % of rats. Heterakis spumosa (Travassos 1914) was a central species, whereas Syphacia muris, Yamaguti 1941, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Travassos 1914) and Hymenolepis diminuta (Rudolphi 1819) were satellite species. Helminths do not affect rat survival and growth of rats. Rats parasitized with H. spumosa and H. diminuta were larger and older than non-parasitized rats. The intensity of infection with H. spumosa significantly increased with rat age. Rats parasitized with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Syphacia muris did not differ in size and age with respect to non-parasitized ones. The mean intensity of infections per host was 33.74, 74.28, higher than 200, and 3.10 for H. spumosa, S. muris, N. brasiliensis and H. diminuta, respectively. The mean intensity of infection with H. spumosa was higher in summer than in the other seasons, while the higher mean intensity of infection with N. brasiliensis and S. muris occurred in autumn. Infections with Heterakis spumosa and Syphacia muris, and with Syphacia muris and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis were independent; while Heterakis spumosa and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis were negatively associated.

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Zaman, Rimi Farhana, Ameena Khatun, Shahela Alam, Farhana Muznebin, and Hamida Khanum. "Comparative incidence of Helminth parasites in domestic fowl, white leg horne, layer and cock." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 44, no. 2 (June 13, 2017): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v44i2.32764.

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Investigation on gastrointestinal helminths was conducted on 20 domestic fowl, 20 white leghorn, 20 layer and 20 cock of Dhaka city. Six species of helminth belonging to trematode, cestode and nematode were found to infect the different parts of alimentary canal of domestic fowl. The prevalence of helminths in domestic fowl were as follows: Catatropis verrucosa (25%), Amoebotaenia sphenoides (10%), Hymenolepis cantaniana (35%), Rallietina echinobothrida (55%), Ascardia galli (70%) and Heterakis gallinarum (30%) whereas, in white leghorn the prevalence of Rallietina echinobothrida (20%) and Ascardia galli (35%) were recorded. In layer, higher prevalence of Rallietina echinobothrida (55%) and Ascardia galli (60%) were recorded; in cock the prevalence of specific helminthes were as follows: Hymenolepis cantaniana (10%), Rallietina echinobothrida (40%), Cotugnia digonopora (20%), Ascardia galli (60%) and Heterakis gallinarum (25%). Along with the prevalence and intensity of infestation of different species of parasites, intensity were also recorded. Highest number of parasites were collected from intestine.Bangladesh J. Zool. 44(2): 245-254, 2016

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24

Kusumadewi, Suryaningtyas, Risa Tiuria, and Ridi Arif. "Prevalensi Kecacingan pada Usus Ayam Kampung di Pasar Tradisional Jakarta dan Kota Bogor." Acta VETERINARIA Indonesiana 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/avi.8.1.1-7.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengukur prevalensi kecacingan di usus ayam kampung yang ada di pasar tradisional Jakarta dan Kota Bogor. Usus ayam kampung diambil dari 5 pasar yang ada di Jakarta (Bendungan Hilir, Palmerah, Pasar Minggu, Pluit, dan Jatinegara) dan di 4 pasar yang ada di Kota Bogor (Anyar, Bogor, Jambu Dua, Gunung Batu). Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 5 sampel di setiap pasar dengan total 45 sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 28 dari 45 sampel usus ayam kampung (Gallus domesticus) yang diperiksa di pasar tradisional Jakarta dan Bogor positif mengalami kecacingan. Hasil prevalensi menunjukkan pasar Jakarta sebesar 56% dan pasar Bogor sebesar 70%. Prevalensi berdasarkan jenis-jenis cacing di Pasar Jakarta adalah; Railletina echinobothrida (52%), Heterakis gallinnarum (32%), Railletina tetragona (24%), Hymenolepis carioca (16%), Ascaridia galli (16%), dan Hymenolepis cantaniana (4%). Prevalensi berdasarkan jenis-jenis cacing yang ditemukan di Pasar Bogor adalah Railletina echinobothrida (70%), Railletina tetragona (55%), Heterakis gallinarum (10%), Hymenolepis carioca (30%), Hymenolepis cantaniana (20%), dan Railletina cesticillus (20%).

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Lee, D. L., and P. Lešťan. "Oogenesis and egg shell formation in Heterakis gallinarum (Nematoda)." Journal of Zoology 164, no. 2 (August 20, 2009): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1971.tb01305.x.

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26

Mpoame, M., and L. I. Essomba. "Essai de traitement contre des parasitoses gastro-intestinales du poulet avec des décoctions aqueuses de graines de papaye (Carica papaya)." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 53, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9761.

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Entre avril et septembre 1998, un essai de traitement utilisant les graines de papaye (Carica papaya) a été conduit sur 60 poulets de race locale dans six exploitations infestées par Heterakis sp., Capillaria sp., Eimeria sp. Dans chaque exploitation, les poulets ont été répartis dans trois lots comportant des infestations équivalentes : un lot témoin (non traité), un lot traité à la décoction aqueuse de graines de papaye au taux de 5 g de poudre de graines de papaye par litre d'eau et un lot traité à 10 g/l. Alors qu'en général le nombre d'oeufs et d'oocystes par gramme de fèces (opg) posttraitement a toujours augmenté dans le lot témoin, il a baissé dans les lots traités infestés par Heterakis sp. et Eimeria sp. (40-65 p. 100 de taux de réduction) et s'est maintenu pour Capillaria sp. Ces résultats attestent des effets thérapeutiques des graines de C. papaya contre certains parasites gastro-intestinaux du poulet. Ces effets sont attribuables soit à une activité parasiticide directe soit à une inhibition de la production d'oeufs et d'oocystes des parasites.

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Stybel, V. V., and O. B. Prijma. "Morphometric characteristics of embryonic development Heterakis dispar isolated from geese." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 96 (December 14, 2019): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9634.

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Knowledge of the biological properties and ecological environment of the development of helminths, especially those that cause invasive diseases of animals and humans, is extremely important for understanding the epizootic aspects and clinical manifestations of invasions. Among the domestic and wild birds, one of the dominant ones is the group of parasitic nematodes of the genus Heterakis Dujardin, 1845. The aim of this study was to study the peculiarities of the embryonic development of Heterakis dispar, isolated from domestic geese, taking into account their morphological and metrical changes. Experimental cultivation of eggs isolated from gonads of H. dispar females to their invasive stage in the laboratory. Morphological and metric changes in the process of their embryogenesis were established. The picking of nematodes was performed by the method of complete helminthological opening of the caecum of dead or forcedly killed geese. It has been determined that the eggs of nematodes of domestic geese of H. dispar species under the temperature regime of 22 ºС undergo 4 stages of exogenous development: protoplast, crushing of blastomeres, formation of the larva of the first stage, formation of the larva of the second stage. At this temperature, the development of the parasites ended in 8 days, and the viability of the embryonic stages of the development of heteroxides was 79.33 ± 0.88%. In this case, developmental stoppage and death were observed in 20.67 ± 0.88% of eggs. The protoplast stage occurred within 1–18 days, the formation of two blastomeres – 2–4 days, the formation of the first stage larvae – 2–6 days, the formation of the second stage larvae – 4–8 days. In the process of exogenous development, the metric parameters of eggs of heterakises isolated from domestic geese change. Their sizes for cultivation from the stage of the protoplast to the larvae of the second stage are characterized by a significant decrease in width by 1.2 times and a simultaneous thinning of the shell by 1.1 times. Obtained data on the timing of the formation of invasive H. dispar eggs parasite in domestic geese, as well as their viability in the process of embryonic development can be used to improve the efficiency of species identification of isolated parasites by the results of scatoscopic studies of the bird.

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Zeakes, S. J., L. S. Rodkey, and M. F. Hansen. "Heterakis gallinarum: Radioimmunoassay of antigenic molecules in parasite cuticular extracts." Experimental Parasitology 64, no. 1 (August 1987): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-4894(87)90017-8.

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Stehr, Manuel, Quentin Sciascia, Cornelia C. Metges, Matthias Gauly, and Gürbüz Daş. "Co-expulsion of Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinarum by chickens." International Journal for Parasitology 48, no. 13 (November 2018): 1003–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.05.014.

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Vieira, Fernando Emmanuel Gonçalves, Milton Hissashi Yamamura, Roberta Lemos Freire, and Selwyn Arlington Headley. "The effects of managerial systems on helminth infection in freerange chickens from northern Paraná, Brazil." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 36, no. 6Supl2 (December 16, 2015): 4311. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n6sup2p4311.

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The effects of managerial systems on the occurrence of gastrointestinal helminths in Free-Range Chickens (FRCs) from northern Paraná, Brazil were investigated. The most predominant (23.3%; 61/262) cestode observed was Raillietina cesticillus; Heterakis gallinarum (71.4%; 187/262) and Ascaridia galli (45%; 118/262) were the predominant nematodes; Postharmostomum commutatum was the only trematode observed in 2.7% (7/262) of FRCs. The most elevated parasitic burdens were associated with Heterakis gallinarum, Ascaridia galli, and Raillietina cesticillus. Significant (p ? 0.05) associations were observed when the effects of the types of bedding, soil type, and fence restriction of FRCs were considered relative to the possibility of helminthiasis. The type of bedding, the length of the sanitary break, and the presence of shading significantly (p ? 0.05) influenced the possibility of FRCs being infected by H. gallinarum. Most parameters evaluated were significantly associated with infection of FRCs by A. galli. These findings suggest that FRCs from northern Paraná are infected by a wide-range of gastrointestinal helminths, but more frequently by R. cesticillus, H. gallinarum, and A. galli. Moreover, the type of floor bedding, the soil type, and the usage of fences in the management of FRCs is directly related to gastrointestinal helminthiasis.

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De Sotomayor C., Renzo, Enrique Serrano-Martínez, Manuel Tantaleán V., Marco Quispe H., and Gina Casas V. "Identificación de Parásitos Gastrointestinales en ratas de Lima Metropolitana." Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú 26, no. 2 (June 3, 2015): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v26i2.11003.

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El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los helmintos gastrointestinales en ratas de Lima Metropolitana, Perú, así como cuantificar la frecuencia de infección, resaltando los resultados de aquellos helmintos de interés zoonótico. Se capturaron 53 Rattus rattus y 20 Rattus norvegicus en cinco zonas urbanas. Los tractos gastrointestinales se procesaron con la técnica de Travassos y las heces se evaluaron por observación directa en el microscopio. El 77.4% de R. rattus y el 100% de R. norvegicus estuvieron infectados con helmintos. En R. rattus se identificaron tres especies de cestodos: Hymenolepis diminuta (39.6%), Rodentolepis fraterna (7.5%) y Raillietina demerariensis (7.5%), seis especies de nematodos: Gongylonema neoplasticum (41.5%), Heterakis spumosa (13.2%), Syphacia muris (11.3%), Strongyloides ratti (15.1%), Aspiculuris tetraptera (11.3%) y Protospirura chanchanensis (3.8%) y una especie de acantocéfalo: Moniliformis moniliformis (32.1%). En R. norvegicus se identificaron dos especies de cestodos: Hymenolepis diminuta (55%) y Rodentolepis fraterna (5%), tres especies de nematodos: Gongylonema neoplasticum (75%), Heterakis spumosa (65%) y Strongyloides ratti (45%) y una especie de acantocéfalo: Moniliformis moniliformis (35%). Los resultados indican que Hymenolepis diminuta y Moniliformis moniliformis fueron los agentes parasitarios de importancia zoonótica más frecuentes.

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Yevstafieva, V., V. Yeresko, V. Melnychuk, and T. Bakhur. "Prevalence and Co-Infection of Baruscapillaria genus (Nematoda, Capillariidae) in Domestic Geese in Ukraine." Folia Veterinaria 64, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fv-2020-0005.

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AbstractNew data about the fauna of nematodes of Baruscapillaria genus have been obtained which show that they parasitize domestic geese in the Poltava region of the Ukraine. It has been established that the species composition of Capillariidae is represented by two species—B. anseris (Madsen, 1945, Moravec, 1982) and B. obsignata (Madsen, 1945, Moravec, 1982). For the first time in the Ukraine, parasitisation with non-specific geese species of Capillariidae family, B. obsignata, have been substantiated. It was found that capillariosis of geese was more frequent in the co-invasions of the birds’ digestive channel; the prevalence of invasion was 41.97 %. According to the results of helminthological dissection and identification of isolated pathogens, 40 varieties of co-invasions were found, where nematodes of the Baruscapillaria genus were combined with cestodes of two species: Drepanidotaenia lanceolata (Bloch, 1782) and Tschertkovilepis setigera (Froehlich, 1789), as well as with nematodes of four other species: Аmidostomum anseris (Zeder, 1800), Trichostrongylus tenuis (Mehlis, 1846), Heterakis gallinarum (Schrank, 1788) and Heterakis dispar (Schrank, 1790). Most often, we recorded capillariosis as a part of two- (prevalence—17.75 %) and three-component (11.75 %) co-invasions, and the main coexisting helminths of Capillariidae from Baruscapillaria genus were nematodes A. anseris (prevalence 22.78 %) and H. dispar (14.15 %).

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Abon, April Corazon. "Anthelmintic efficacy of tuba (Croton tiglium L.) seeds on the gastrointestinal parasites of native chickens (Gallus domesticus)." Plant Science Today 8, no. 4 (August 18, 2021): 749–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2021.8.4.1071.

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The efficacy of capsulized Croton tiglium L. (CCT) seeds on the gastrointestinal parasites of native chickens (Gallus domesticus) was tested in experiments. A total of thirty-six free-range native chickens naturally infected with gastrointestinal parasites were divided into four treatment groups (positive control of levamisole+niclosamide, 200 mg, 300 mg and 400 mg CCT seeds) following a completely randomized design (CRD). Prior to treatment and on the 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th days after treatment, the fecal egg count per gram was measured using the mc master technique. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to statistically analyze all the data obtained. Using Least Significant Differences (LSD), significant differences between treatments were compared. On the day twelve after treatment, percent efficacy of capsulized Croton tiglium seeds on Ascaridia galli/Heterakis gallinarum at 200 mg and 400 mg was highly effective. The comparative cost analysis of the four treatments showed that the use of C. tiglium seeds resulted in a lower cost compared to the commercial dewormer. Commercial anthelmintic was more costly compared to the cost of capsulized C. tiglium seeds on T4 (400mg CCT) by 89. 67 %. The findings indicate the ability of Croton tiglium seeds in native chickens (Gallus domesticus) particularly against Ascaridia galli/Heterakis gallinarum as an alternative anthelmintic.

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Danko, M. M., O. L. Tishyn, R. V. Khomiak, and Zh M. Perih. "Порівняльна оцінка препаратів фенбендазолу за інвазії курей-несучок нематодами Heterakis gallinarum." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 19, no. 78 (April 5, 2017): 118–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7824.

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The article presents data on the effectiveness of two fenbendazole-based drugs for oral application: «Feboral» (in the form of a solution) and «Brovadazol 20%» (the reference drug in the form of powder). For this purpose, 420-day-old chickens were examined by a flotation coproscopic method in order to detect intestinal invasions. The therapeutic efficacy of the drugs was determined according to the data of the coproscopic examinations carried out using the modified quantitative McMaster counting method. The study of the efficacy of «Febboral» and «Brovadazol 20%» preparations was performed under the conditions of vivarium of the State scientific-research control institute of veterinary medicinal products and feed additives.During the experiment birds of experimental groups used preparations on the basis of fenbendazole: hens of the first experimental group, the drug «Feboral» was poured out with water (1.0 ml of the preparation for 10 kg of b. w., twice for two days), the second – the drug «Brovadazol 20%» they were given with food (0.5 g of the preparation at 10 kg b. w., for five days). Birds in the control group were given water and food without the contents of drugs.According to the results of research in hens were found invasion by Heterakis galinarum. The average rate of invasion of hens by nematodes during treatment with drugs was 176 eggs per 1 g of litter. In the hens of the first and second experimental groups, the average intensity of the helminth infestation on the seventh day of the experiment was 84.5 eggs per 1 g of litter, while the intensity of the infection of the control group was 211 eggs per 1 g of litter. On the fourteenth day of the experiment, the excretion of eggs from the pathogen in the hens of both experimental groups was not noted, while in the hens of the control group, the intensity of the invasion amounted to 238 eggs heterakis in 1 gram of litter.Consequently, the extenseffectivity of the drug «Febboral» and the reference drug «Brovadazol 20%» for heterakoses of chickens was 100%.

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Daş, Gürbüz, and Matthias Gauly. "Density related effects on lifetime fecundity of Heterakis gallinarum in chickens." Parasites & Vectors 7, no. 1 (2014): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-334.

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36

Lee, D. L. "The structure and development of the spermatozoon of Heterakis gallinamm (Nematoda)." Journal of Zoology 164, no. 2 (August 20, 2009): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1971.tb01304.x.

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37

Riddell, C., and A. Gajadhar. "Cecal and Hepatic Granulomas in Chickens Associated with Heterakis gallinarum Infection." Avian Diseases 32, no. 4 (October 1988): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1591008.

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Cupo, Katherine Lynn, and Robert Byron Beckstead. "Heterakis gallinarum, the Cecal Nematode of Gallinaceous Birds: A Critical Review." Avian Diseases 63, no. 3 (June 10, 2019): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1637/0005-2086-63.3.381.

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39

Daş, Gürbüz, Hansjörg Abel, Julia Humburg, Anna Schwarz, Silke Rautenschlein, Gerhard Breves, and Matthias Gauly. "Non-starch polysaccharides alter interactions between Heterakis gallinarum and Histomonas meleagridis." Veterinary Parasitology 176, no. 2-3 (March 2011): 208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.11.004.

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40

Dubinský, P., B. Rušcinová, S. L. Hetmanski, C. Arme, L. Turčeková, and M. Ryboš. "Some enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in Mesocestoides corti and Heterakis spumosa." Journal of Helminthology 65, no. 3 (September 1991): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00010695.

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ABSTRACTThe activities of selected enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism were measured in tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides corti and in adult females and males of Heterakis spumosa. When the species were compared, only lactate dehydrogenase and phosphoenolphyruvate carboxykinase activities were considerably higher in M. corti. Activities of other enzymes were higher in H. spumosa, with malate dehydrogenase activity being considerable so. In H. spumosa, enzyme activity was higher, and succinate dehydrogenase markedly so in males, when compared with females. Tetrathyridia aged 170 and 210 days show relatively stable malate and lactate dehydrogenase activities, and mice of ICR and BALB/c strains are suitable for the maintenance of tetrathyridia.

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Arafa, Entessar A., and Effat A. EL-Sheshtawy. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EIMERIA TENELLA AND HETERAKIS GALLINARUM INFECTION IN BROILER CHICKENS." Kafrelsheikh Veterinary Medical Journal 2, no. 1 (April 1, 2004): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/kvmj.2004.112395.

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42

Saunders, L. M., D. M. Tompkins, and P. J. Hudson. "The role of oxygen availability in the embryonation of Heterakis gallinarum eggs." International Journal for Parasitology 30, no. 14 (December 2000): 1481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7519(00)00139-9.

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43

Bayramov, S. Yu. "Distribution and age dynamics of chicken helminth infections in the republic of Azerbaijan." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 52, no. 1 (March 28, 2022): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2022-1-11.

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Studies were conducted in private poultry farms in five economic regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan: Apsheronsky, Sheki-Zakatalsky, Lenkoran-Astarasky, Guba-Khachmazsky and Aransky. It was found that helminthocomplex of domestic chickens is represented by parasites belonging to class Nematoda, including 4 species - Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum, Syngamus trachea, Capillaria obsignata and Cestoda, represented by one species, Raillietina tetragona. Their ubiquitous distribution has been established; however, with a homogeneous taxonomic composition in economic areas, the infestation of chickens with pathogens of individual helminthic diseases varies. Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinarum are the dominant species. Their invasion of hens is maximum (36.8 and 35.5% prevalence) and does not have significant territorial differences. Bird infestation with nematodes C.obsignata and tapeworms Raillietina tetragona is characterized by lower prevalence rates and their pronounced variability within areas. The infestation of chickens with capillariasis and ryetinosis varies from 7.1% in Aransky district to 28.8% in Lenkoran-Astarsky district, from 5.4% to 24.8% in Apsheronsky and Guba-Khachmazsky districts. On average, it is 17.8 and 18.5% in the republic, respectively. Age peculiarities of chickens' helminth infestation are characterized by the same taxonomic spectrum of parasites and maximum infection with the causative agents of ascariasis, heterokidosis, syngamosis, capillariasis and ryetinosis in chickens aged 2.5-5 months with prevalence of 38.9; 40.8; 21.9; 19.7 and 20.9%, respectively. The incidence of these nosoforms in adult birds is much lower and amounts to 32.0; 30,8; 15,3; 16.2 and 16.0%.

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Rząd, Izabella, Agata Stapf, Sławomir Adam Kornaś, Ewa Dzika, Rusłan Sałamatin, Adam Kaczmarek, Jerzy Kowal, Marek Wajdzik, and Kazimierz Zalewski. "Intestinal Helminth Communities of Grey Partridge Perdix perdix and Common Pheasant Phasianus colchicus in Poland." Animals 11, no. 12 (November 28, 2021): 3396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11123396.

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The aim of this study was to describe the morphology and means of identification of helminths in native partridges (65) and introduced pheasants (32) in Poland and to determine the level of intestinal infection of these birds by helminths using parasitological and ecological indices. The birds were acquired during the hunting season in the years 2015–2017. Nematodes, Capillaria phasianina, cestodes, Railietina friedbergeri, and one trematode, Brachylaima sp. were recorded for the first time in partridges in Poland. Our findings indicate that parasites are more prevalent in pheasants (prevalence 70.4%) than in partridges (prevalence 50.0%). The component community and infracommunity of parasites of partridges are more diverse (Simpson’s diversity index: 0.63 and mean Brillouin diversity index: 0.10 ± 0.17) and less dominated by a single parasite species (Capillaria sp., Berger-Parker dominance index: 0.53) than the pheasant parasite community (Simpson’s diversity index: 0.07, mean Brillouin diversity index: 0.005 ± 0.02, dominant species Heterakis gallinarum, Berger-Parker dominance index: 0.96). There were statistically significant differences between partridges and pheasants in the Brillouin diversity index and in the prevalence of Heterakis gallinarum (55.6% in pheasants vs. 19.0 in partridges). There were significant differences between wild and farmed partridges in the prevalence of infection by Capillaria sp. (4.3% vs. 37.5%) and H. gallinarum (39.1 vs. 6.2%). In conclusion, the pheasant was shown to be a reservoir, carrier, and shedder of nematodes, which may increase the risk of infection in partridges.

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Bouamer, Salah, and Serge Morand. "Morphological Phylogenetic Analysis of the Africana Genus (Nematoda: Heterakidae)." Journal of Parasitology 94, no. 2 (April 2008): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/ge-1222.1.

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46

Lourderaj, I., M. Mohan, and K. Coumarane. "Parasitic infection of Heterakidae family in a rosy pelican." Zoos' Print Journal 22, no. 12 (November 21, 2007): 2954. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.zpj.1727.2954.

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47

Yevstafyeva, V. A., and V. I. Yeresko. "Асоціативний перебіг капіляріозу гусей на території Полтавської області." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 83 (February 27, 2018): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet8314.

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Гусівництво є однією із перспективних і динамічних галузей в Україні та в ряді країн світу. Критерієм забезпечення ефективності цієї галузі є епізоотичне благополуччя господарств щодо інвазійних захворювань, особливо найбільш поширених з них – гельмінтозів травного каналу птиці. Всебічне вивчення перебігу гельмінтозних інвазій, які здебільшого викликаються певною асоціацією паразитів, є важливим для встановлення паразитичної ситуації у регіоні, що є фундаментальною основою для розробки ефективних заходів з боротьби та профілактики гельмінтозів гусей. Метою роботи було вивчити видовий склад гельмінтів у гусей на території Полтавської області (Україна), які є співчленами нематод роду Capillaria за асоціативного їх перебігу. Результатами досліджень встановлено, що капіляріоз гусей є поширеною нематодозною інвазією на території Полтавської області, де показник екстенсивності інвазії сягав 57,79%, а фауна представлена двома видами Capillaria obsignata та C. anseris (Madsen, 1945). Визначено, що капіляріозна інвазія у 72,61% перебігає у складі мікстінвазій травного каналу птиці. Співчленами капілярій є нематоди Аmidostomum anseris (Zeder, 1800), Trichostrongilus tenuis (Mehlis, 1846), Heterakis gallinarum (Schrank, 1788), Heterakis dispar (Schrank, 1790) та цестоди Drepanidotaenia lanceolata (Bloch, 1782) і Tschertkovilepis setigera (Froehlich, 1789), які перебігають у вигляді від дво- до семикомпонентних асоціативних інвазій. В умовах господарств Полтавської області всього виділено 40 різновидів мікстінвазій, де нематоди роду Capillaria в гусей найчастіше реєструються у комбінації з двома (42,29%) і трьома (28,00%) видами гельмінтів. Рідше діагностували чотирьох – (17,14%), п’яти – (9,71%), шести – (1,72%) та семикомпонентні (1,14%) асоціації гельмінтів. Основними співчленами капілярій в організмі птиці виявилися нематоди А. anseris (54,30%) та H. dispar (38,28%). Отримані дані щодо асоціативного перебігу капіляріозу в гусей та фауни співчленів нематод роду Capillaria дозволить підвищити ефективність лікувальних та профілактичних заходів в результаті підбору високоефективних антигельмінтних препаратів.

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Zhukov, A. I., A. I. Yatusevich, A. M. Saroka, and I. P. Zakharchenko. "PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN TURKEYS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF PARASITOCENOSIS OF HETERAKIS AND HISTOMONAS." Transactions of the educational establishment “Vitebsk the Order of “the Badge of Honor” State Academy of Veterinary Medicine 57, no. 1 (2021): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52368/2078-0109-2021-57-1-28-34.

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The article presents data on pathomorphological changes of the digestive organs in the associative course of heterakidosis and histomoniasis in turkeys. Changes in the liver were observed in 57.1% of cases: protein and fatty dystrophy, hepatocyte necrosis. The cеcal lesions were observed in 100% of cases, mainly fibrinous inflammation. In other parts of the intestinal tract – acute catarrhal inflammation.

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Beckmann, John F., Teresa Dormitorio, Seun O. Oladipupo, Maria Tereza Bethonico Terra, Kathy Lawrence, Kenneth S. Macklin, and Ruediger Hauck. "Heterakis gallinarum and Histomonas meleagridis DNA persists in chicken houses years after depopulation." Veterinary Parasitology 298 (October 2021): 109536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109536.

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50

Draycott, R. A. H., D. M. B. Parish, M. I. A. Woodburn, and J. P. Carroll. "Spring survey of the parasite Heterakis gallinarum in wild-living pheasants in Britain." Veterinary Record 147, no. 9 (August 26, 2000): 245–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.147.9.245.

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