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1
Kato, Naoki, Sachie Suyama, Masao Shirokane, Masashi Kato, Tetsuo Kobayashi, and Norihiro Tsukagoshi. "Novel α-Glucosidase from Aspergillus nidulans with Strong Transglycosylation Activity." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 3 (March 2002): 1250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.3.1250-1256.2002.
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ABSTRACT Aspergillus nidulans possessed an α-glucosidase with strong transglycosylation activity. The enzyme, designated α-glucosidase B (AgdB), was purified and characterized. AgdB was a heterodimeric protein comprising 74- and 55-kDa subunits and catalyzed hydrolysis of maltose along with formation of isomaltose and panose. Approximately 50% of maltose was converted to isomaltose, panose, and other minor transglycosylation products by AgdB, even at low maltose concentrations. The agdB gene was cloned and sequenced. The gene comprised 3,055 bp, interrupted by three short introns, and encoded a polypeptide of 955 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence contained the chemically determined N-terminal and internal amino acid sequences of the 74- and 55-kDa subunits. This implies that AgdB is synthesized as a single polypeptide precursor. AgdB showed low but overall sequence homology to α-glucosidases of glycosyl hydrolase family 31. However, AgdB was phylogenetically distinct from any other α-glucosidases. We propose here that AgdB is a novel α-glucosidase with unusually strong transglycosylation activity.
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Li, Xun, Hua Xiang Gu, Hao Shi, and Fei Wang. "Overexpression and Phylogenetic Analysis of a Thermostable α-Glucosidase from Thermus thermophilus." Advanced Materials Research 1004-1005 (August 2014): 841–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.841.
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The α-glucosidase geneaglfromThermus thermophilusHB8 was cloned into expression vector pBV220. The phylogenetic trees of α-glucosidases were constructed using Neighbor-Joining (NJ) and Maximum-Parsimony (MP) methods. Evolution analysis indicated the α-glucosidase fromT. thermophileHB8 was distant from the other glycoside hydrolases 4 and 31 α-glucosidases. By weakening the mRNA secondary structure and replacing the rare codons for the N-terminal amino acids of the target protein, the expression level of theaglwas increased 30-fold. The recombinant AGL was purified by the heat treatment, and had a molecular mass of 61 kDa. The optimal activity was at pH 7.8 and 95°C over a 10 min assay. The purified enzyme was stable over a pH range of 5.4-8.6, and had a 1-h half life at 85°C. Kinetic experiments at 90°C withp-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucoside as substrate gave aKm, andVmaxof 0.072 mM and 400 U/mg. Thus, this report provides an industrial means to produce the recombinant α-glucosidase inE. coli.
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Alarico, Susana, Milton S. da Costa, and Nuno Empadinhas. "Molecular and Physiological Role of the Trehalose-Hydrolyzing α-Glucosidase from Thermus thermophilus HB27." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 7 (January 25, 2008): 2298–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01794-07.
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ABSTRACT Trehalose supports the growth of Thermus thermophilus strain HB27, but the absence of obvious genes for the hydrolysis of this disaccharide in the genome led us to search for enzymes for such a purpose. We expressed a putative α-glucosidase gene (TTC0107), characterized the recombinant enzyme, and found that the preferred substrate was α,α-1,1-trehalose, a new feature among α-glucosidases. The enzyme could also hydrolyze the disaccharides kojibiose and sucrose (α-1,2 linkage), nigerose and turanose (α-1,3), leucrose (α-1,5), isomaltose and palatinose (α-1,6), and maltose (α-1,4) to a lesser extent. Trehalose was not, however, a substrate for the highly homologous α-glucosidase from T. thermophilus strain GK24. The reciprocal replacement of a peptide containing eight amino acids in the α-glucosidases from strains HB27 (LGEHNLPP) and GK24 (EPTAYHTL) reduced the ability of the former to hydrolyze trehalose and provided trehalose-hydrolytic activity to the latter, showing that LGEHNLPP is necessary for trehalose recognition. Furthermore, disruption of the α-glucosidase gene significantly affected the growth of T. thermophilus HB27 in minimal medium supplemented with trehalose, isomaltose, sucrose, or palatinose, to a lesser extent with maltose, but not with cellobiose (not a substrate for the α-glucosidase), indicating that the α-glucosidase is important for the assimilation of those four disaccharides but that it is also implicated in maltose catabolism.
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Pyeon, Hyo-Min, Yong-Suk Lee, and Yong-Lark Choi. "Cloning, purification, and characterization of GH3 β-glucosidase, MtBgl85, from Microbulbifer thermotolerans DAU221." PeerJ 7 (July 22, 2019): e7106. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7106.
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Background β-Glucosidases have attracted considerable attention due to their important roles in various biotechnological processes such as cellulose degradation to make energy and hydrolysis of isoflavone. Microbulbifer thermotolerans (M. thermotolerans) is isolated from deep-sea sediment and has not been researched much yet. As a potential candidate for a variety of biotechnological industries, β-glucosidases from the novel bacterial species should be researched extensively. Methods β-Glucosidase, MtBgl85, from M. thermotolerans DAU221 was purified by His-tag affinity chromatography and confirmed by SDS-PAGE and zymogram. Its biochemical and physiological properties, such as effects of temperature, pH, metal ions, and organic solvents, substrate specificity, and isoflavone hydrolysis, were investigated. Results M. thermotolerans DAU221 showed β-glucosidase activity in a marine broth plate containing 0.1% esculin and 0.25% ammonium iron (III) citrate. The β-glucosidase gene, mtbgl85, was isolated from the whole genome sequence of M. thermotolerans DAU221. The β-glucosidase gene was 2,319 bp and encoded 772 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence had a 43% identity with OaBGL84 from Olleya aquimaris and 35% and 32% identity with to CfBgl3A and CfBgl3C from Cellulomonas fimi among bacterial glycosyl hydrolase family 3, respectively. The optimal temperature of MtBgl85 was 50 °C and the optimum pH was 7.0. MtBgl85 activity was strongly reduced in the presence of Hg2+ and Cu2+ ions. As a result of measuring the activity at various concentrations of NaCl, it was confirmed that the activity was maintained up to the concentration of 1 M, but gradually decreased with increasing concentration. MtBgl85 showed higher enzyme stability at non-polar solvents (high Log Pow) than polar solvents (low Log Pow). The hydrolyzed products of isoflavone glycosides and arbutin were analyzed by HPLC.
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Yin, Bangqiao, Qinyan Hui, Muhammad Kashif, Ran Yu, Si Chen, Qian Ou, Bo Wu, and Chengjian Jiang. "Simultaneous Enhancement of Thermostability and Catalytic Activity of a Metagenome-Derived β-Glucosidase Using Directed Evolution for the Biosynthesis of Butyl Glucoside." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 24 (December 10, 2019): 6224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246224.
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Butyl glucoside synthesis using bioenzymatic methods at high temperatures has gained increasing interest. Protein engineering using directed evolution of a metagenome-derived β-glucosidase of Bgl1D was performed to identify enzymes with improved activity and thermostability. An interesting mutant Bgl1D187 protein containing five amino acid substitutions (S28T, Y37H, D44E, R91G, and L115N), showed catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km of 561.72 mM−1 s−1) toward ρ-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (ρNPG) that increased by 23-fold, half-life of inactivation by 10-fold, and further retained transglycosidation activity at 50 °C as compared with the wild-type Bgl1D protein. Site-directed mutagenesis also revealed that Asp44 residue was essential to β-glucosidase activity of Bgl1D. This study improved our understanding of the key amino acids of the novel β-glucosidases and presented a raw material with enhanced catalytic activity and thermostability for the synthesis of butyl glucosides.
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Nowicka, Paulina, and Aneta Wojdyło. "Anti-Hyperglycemic and Anticholinergic Effects of Natural Antioxidant Contents in Edible Flowers." Antioxidants 8, no. 8 (August 15, 2019): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8080308.
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In this study, 16 selected edible flowers were evaluated for their content of bioactive compounds (polyphenols, carotenoids, triterpenoids) and for their anti-diabetic (ability to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidases) and anti-aging (ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) activities. Most of the flowers analyzed in this study have not been examined in this respect until now. Contents of the analyzed bioactive compounds differed significantly among the flowers. In particular, the highest contents of carotenoids and triterpenoids were determined in marigold, arnica, lavender, and daisy; in turn, the highest contents of phenolic acids, procyanidin polymers, and total polyphenols were assayed in hawthorn, primrose, and linden blossom. There was a positive correlation between the content of isoprenoids in edible flowers and their anti-aging activity, and between the content of polymeric procyanidins and flowers’ ability to inhibit α-glucosidase. In conclusion, edible flowers may be used to produce functional foods as well as for medical purposes.
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Noda, Kota, Eisuke Kato, and Jun Kawabata. "Intestinal α-Glucosidase Inhibitors in Achillea millefolium." Natural Product Communications 12, no. 8 (August 2017): 1934578X1701200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1701200828.
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Achillea millefolium is a plant used as a component of anti-diabetic preparation but the bioactive compounds responsible for its use are not known. Inhibition of intestinal α-glucosidase is a preferable effect for prevention and treatment of diabetes, and A. millefolium extract showed inhibitory activity against the enzyme. Activity-guided separation of the extract gave four mono- or di-caffeoylquinic acids as the isolate. Quantitation of these four caffeoylquinic acids and the activity of the isolates suggested that these are the major contributor for the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in the extract. However also, the presence of unidentified, minor, but potent α-glucosidase inhibitor in the isolate was also suggested.
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Li, Zhen, Zongcai Tu, Hui Wang, and Lu Zhang. "Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Optimization of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Ceratophyllum demersum L. and Identification of Phytochemical Profiling by HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS." Molecules 25, no. 19 (October 1, 2020): 4507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194507.
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Ceratophyllum demersum L. (CDL) is a traditional Chinese herb to treat many diseases, but research on its anti-diabetic activity is not available. In this research, the α-glucosidase inhibitory ability and phytochemical constituents of CDL extract were firstly studied. Optimal ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions for α-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) were optimized by single factor experiment and response surface methodology (RSM), which was confirmed as 70% methanol, liquid-to-solid ratio of 43 (mL/g), extraction time of 54 min, ultrasonic power of 350 W, and extraction temperature of 40 °C. The lowest IC50 value for α-glucosidase inhibition was 0.15 mg dried material/mL (mg DM/mL), which was much lower than that of acarbose (IC50 value of 0.64 mg DM/mL). In total, 80 compounds including 8 organic acids, 11 phenolic acids, 25 flavonoids, 21 fatty acids, and 15 others were identified or tentatively identified from CDL extract by HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis. The results suggested that CDL could be a potential source of α-glucosidase inhibitors. It can also provide useful phytochemical information for research into other bioactivities.
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Daou, Mariane, Nancy A. Elnaker, Michael A. Ochsenkühn, Shady A. Amin, Ahmed F. Yousef, and Lina F. Yousef. "In vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Tamarix nilotica shoot extracts and fractions." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 14, 2022): e0264969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264969.
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α-glucosidase inhibitors represent an important class of type 2 antidiabetic drugs and they act by lowering postprandial hyperglycemia. Today, only three synthetic inhibitors exist on the market, and there is a need for novel, natural and more efficient molecules exhibiting this activity. In this study, we investigated the ability of Tamarix nilotica ethanolic and aqueous shoot extracts, as well as methanolic fractions prepared from aqueous crude extracts to inhibit α-glucosidase. Both, 50% ethanol and aqueous extracts inhibited α-glucosidase in a concentration-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 12.5 μg/mL and 24.8 μg/mL, respectively. Importantly, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity observed in the T. nilotica crude extracts was considerably higher than pure acarbose (IC50 = 151.1 μg/mL), the most highly prescribed α-glucosidase inhibitor on the market. When T. nilotica crude extracts were fractionated using methanol, enhanced α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was observed in general, with the highest observed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in the 30% methanol fraction (IC50 = 5.21 μg/mL). Kinetic studies further revealed a competitive reversible mechanism of inhibition by the plant extract. The phytochemical profiles of 50% ethanol extracts, aqueous extracts, and the methanolic fractions were investigated and compared using a metabolomics approach. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the contents of the crude extracts and fractions and potentially identified the molecules that were most responsible for these observed variations. Higher α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was associated with an enrichment of terpenoids, fatty acids, and flavonoids. Among the identified molecules, active compounds with known α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were detected, including unsaturated fatty acids, triterpenoids, and flavonoid glycosides. These results put forward T. nilotica as a therapeutic plant for type 2 diabetes and a source of α-glucosidase inhibitors.
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Karageorgou, Dimitra, Ioannis Sainis, Anastasia Touka, Katerina Vareli, Haralambos Stamatis, and Petros Katapodis. "Biomass and β-Glucosidase Production by the Cyanobacterium Pseudanabaena sp. under Heterotrophic Conditions." Biomass 2, no. 4 (October 27, 2022): 299–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomass2040020.
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A cyanobacterium producing β-glucosidase was isolated from Lake Pamvotis located in Ioannina in Greece. This microorganism, named Pamv7, was identified as Pseudanabaena sp. using phylogenetic characterization. The high-throughput BiologMicroPlate™ method, used for the rapid assessment of heterotrophic potential, indicates that Pseudanabaena sp. metabolizes a wide range of organic substrates such as amino acids, carbohydrates, and carboxylic acids. When the strain grows in a culture medium containing cellobiose as a carbon source, it produces a significant amount of intracellular β-glucosidase. The effect of cellobiose concentration, nitrogen source, and nitrogen concentration of the growth medium, as well as the temperature of the culture, on biomass and β-glucosidase by Pseudanabaena sp., was studied. Biomass and β-glucosidase production by the strain in a lab-scale bioreactor at optimal conditions (10 g/L cellobiose, 1.5 g/L yeast, and 23 ± 1 °C) reached 2.8 g dry weight/L and 44 U/L, respectively. The protein and lipid content of the produced cyanobacterium biomass were 23% and 43 w/w, respectively. This study is the first report of β-glucosidase production by a cyanobacterial strain and concomitant high production of microalgae biomass, making Pseudanabaena sp. a promising microorganism in the field of enzyme biotechnology.
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Śliżewska, Katarzyna, Michał Włodarczyk, Martyna Sobczak, Renata Barczyńska, Janusz Kapuśniak, Piotr Socha, Aldona Wierzbicka-Rucińska, and Aneta Kotowska. "Comparison of the Activity of Fecal Enzymes and Concentration of SCFA in Healthy and Overweight Children." Nutrients 15, no. 4 (February 16, 2023): 987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15040987.
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In modern societies obesity has become a serious issue which must be urgently addressed. The health implications of neglected obesity are substantial, as not only does it affect individuals’ everyday lives, but it also leads to significantly increased mortality due to the development of several disorders such as type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and depression. The objective of this research was to investigate the alterations in selected health markers caused by overweight and obesity in children. The measured parameters were the activity of the fecal enzymes, the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and the concentration of branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs). The activity of the fecal enzymes, specifically α-glucosidase, α-galactosidase, β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase, and β-glucuronidase, was determined using spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 400 nm. Furthermore, concentrations of lactic acid, SCFAs (formic, acetic, propionic, butyric, and valeric acids), and BCFAs (isobutyric and isovaleric acids) were determined using the HPLC method. The obtained results reveal that obese children have different fecal enzyme activity and a different profile of fatty acids from children of normal weight. The group of obese children, when compared to children of normal weight, had increased concentrations of BCFAs (p < 0.05) and higher activity of potentially harmful enzymes such as β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase (p < 0.05). In comparison, children of normal weight exhibited significantly increased concentrations of lactic acid and SCFAs (especially formic and butyric acids) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, their α-glucosidase and α-galactosidase activity were higher when compared to the group of obese children (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the prevalence of obesity has a significant impact on metabolites produced in the gastrointestinal tract, which might result in a higher chance of developing serious diseases.
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Cruz Rodríguez, Alberto, Fabiola Anaid Sánchez Esperanza, Eduardo Pérez-Campos, María Teresa Hernández-Huerta, Laura Pérez-Campos Mayoral, Carlos Alberto Matias-Cervantes, Alexis Martínez Barras, et al. "Aggregation and Molecular Properties of β-Glucosidase Isoform II in Chayote (Sechium edule)." Molecules 25, no. 7 (April 8, 2020): 1699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25071699.
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The presence of isoforms of β-glucosidase has been reported in some grasses such as sorghum, rice and maize. This work aims to extract and characterize isoform II in β-glucosidase from S. edule. A crude extract was prepared without buffer solution and adjusted to pH 4.6. Contaminating proteins were precipitated at 4 °C for 24 h. The supernatant was purified by chromatography on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) column, molecular exclusion on Sephacryl S-200HR, and exchange anionic on QFF column. Electrophoretic analyzes revealed a purified enzyme with aggregating molecular complex on SDS-PAGE, Native-PAGE, and AU-PAGE. Twelve peptides fragments were identified by nano liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nano LC-ESI-MS/MS), which presented as 61% identical to Cucurbita moschata β-glucosidase and 55.74% identical to β-glucosidase from Cucumis sativus, another Cucurbitaceous member. The relative masses which contained 39% hydrophobic amino acids ranged from 982.49 to 2,781.26. The enzyme showed a specificity to β-d-glucose with a Km of 4.59 mM, a Vmax value of 104.3 μM∙min−1 and a kcat of 10,087 μM∙min−1 using p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside. The presence of molecular aggregates can be attributed to non-polar amino acids. This property is not mediated by a β-glucosidase aggregating factor (BGAF) as in grasses (maize and sorghum). The role of these aggregates is discussed.
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Jin, Hui-Min, Bin Dang, Wen-Gang Zhang, Wan-Cai Zheng, and Xi-Juan Yang. "Polyphenol and Anthocyanin Composition and Activity of Highland Barley with Different Colors." Molecules 27, no. 11 (May 25, 2022): 3411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113411.
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In this research, the composition of free phenols, bound phenols, and anthocyanins and their in vitro antioxidant activity and in vitro α-glucosidase inhibiting activity were observed in different barley colors. The outcomes revealed that the contents of total phenols (570.78 mg/100 gDW), total flavonoids (47.08 mg/100 gDW), and anthocyanins (48.07 mg/100 g) were the highest in purple barley. Furthermore, the structure, composition, and concentration of phenolics differed depending on the colors of barley. The types and contents of bound total phenolic acids and flavonoids were greater than those of free total phenolic acids and flavonoids. The main phenolic acids in blue barley were cinnamic acid polyphenols, whereas in black, yellow, and purple barley, benzoic acid polyphenols were the main phenolic acids, and the main types of flavonoids in black and blue barley were chalcones and flavanones, respectively, whereas flavonol was the main type of flavonoid in yellow and purple barley. Moreover, cornflower pigment-3-glucoside was the major anthocyanin in blue, yellow, and purple barley, whereas the main anthocyanin in black barley was delphinidin-3-glucoside. The dark color of barley indicated richness in the anthocyanins. In addition, the free polyphenol fractions had stronger DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging capacity as compared to the bound ones. In vitro α-glucosidase-inhibiting activity was greater in bound polyphenols than in free polyphenols, with differences between different varieties of barley. Purple barley phenolic fractions had the greatest ABTS radical scavenging and iron ion reduction capacities, as well as the highest α-glucosidase-inhibiting activity. The strongest DPPH radical scavenging capacity was found in yellow barley, while the strongest in vitro α-glucosidase-inhibiting activity was found in anthocyanins isolated from black barley. Furthermore, in different colors of barley, there was a strong association between the concentration of specific phenolic compounds and antioxidant and α-glucosidase-inhibiting activities. The outcomes of this study revealed that all colored barley seeds tested were high in phenolic compounds, and had a good antioxidant impact and α-glucosidase-inhibiting activity. As a result, colored barley can serve as an antioxidant and hypoglycemic food. Polyphenols extracted from purple barley and anthocyanins extracted from black barley stand out among them.
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Prajudtasri, Nutthamon, Mongkol Nontakitticharoen, and Sujint Anguravirutt. "α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Phenolic Rich Extracts Obtained from the Seeds of Melastoma saigonense (Kuntze) Merr." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 12 (November 16, 2019): 2964–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.22332.
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The aim of this study was to perform a phytochemical analysis of Melastoma saigonense seed extracts and to determine their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The extracts from seeds of M. saigonense indicated that the total phenolic content was in the range between 233.46 and 967.22 mg GAE/g DE, whereas the flavonoids content was in the range between 359.96 and 850.84 mg QE/g DE. The present study of antidiabetic inhibitory activity by in vitro α-glucosidase revealed that the crude extracts using ethyl acetate (EA), butanol (BU) and final aqueous residue extracts (AQ) exhibited a strong α-glucosidase inhibitory effect (IC50 4.42-11.95 μg/mL). The ethyl acetate and butanol extracts of seeds of Melastoma saigonense (Kuntze) Merr. were further fractionated by silica gel column chromatography into four fractions (EAF1−EAF4) and five fractions (BUF1−BUF5), respectively and their bioactivities were investigated. The nine fractions exhibited significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (p < 0.05) with an IC50 between 3.42-34.77 μg/mL which is less than the IC50 for standard acarbose (IC50 = 507.26 μg/mL). Among all the fractions, BUF1 and EAF1 exhibited high inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase with BUF1 showing the highest inhibitory activity (IC50 = 3.42 μg/mL). The dominant phenolic acids were sinapic, gallic, ferrulic, syringic, gallic and caffeic acids and the prominent flavonoids were myricetin and quercetin. These findings suggest that the seeds of M. saigonense have potential as a source of antidiabetic agent (s).
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Su, Hongfei, Zhenlun Xiao, Kefu Yu, Qi Zhang, Chunrong Lu, Guanghua Wang, Yinghui Wang, et al. "High Diversity of β-Glucosidase-Producing Bacteria and Their Genes Associated with Scleractinian Corals." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 7 (March 29, 2021): 3523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073523.
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β-Glucosidase is a microbial cellulose multienzyme that plays an important role in the regulation of the entire cellulose hydrolysis process, which is the rate-limiting step in bacterial carbon cycling in marine environments. Despite its importance in coral reefs, the diversity of β-glucosidase-producing bacteria, their genes, and enzymatic characteristics are poorly understood. In this study, 87 β-glucosidase-producing cultivable bacteria were screened from 6 genera of corals. The isolates were assigned to 21 genera, distributed among three groups: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. In addition, metagenomics was used to explore the genetic diversity of bacterial β-glucosidase enzymes associated with scleractinian corals, which revealed that these enzymes mainly belong to the glycosidase hydrolase family 3 (GH3). Finally, a novel recombinant β-glucosidase, referred to as Mg9373, encompassing 670 amino acids and a molecular mass of 75.2 kDa, was classified as a member of the GH3 family and successfully expressed and characterized. Mg9373 exhibited excellent tolerance to ethanol, NaCl, and glucose. Collectively, these results suggest that the diversity of β-glucosidase-producing bacteria and genes associated with scleractinian corals is high and novel, indicating great potential for applications in the food industry and agriculture.
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Nemzer, Boris, Diganta Kalita, and Nebiyu Abshiru. "Quantification of Major Bioactive Constituents, Antioxidant Activity, and Enzyme Inhibitory Effects of Whole Coffee Cherries (Coffea arabica) and Their Extracts." Molecules 26, no. 14 (July 16, 2021): 4306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26144306.
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Coffee cherry is a rich source of chlorogenic acids (CGAs) and caffeine. In this study we examined the potential antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibitory effects of whole coffee cherries (WCC) and their two extracts on α-amylase, α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, which are targets for the control of diabetes and Alzheimer’s diseases. Whole coffee cherry extract 40% (WCCE1) is rich in chlorogenic acid compounds, consisting of a minimum of 40% major isomers, namely 3-caffeoylquinic acids, 4-caffeoylquinic acids, 5-caffeoylquinic acids, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4-feruloylquinc acid, and 5-feruloylquinc acid. Whole coffee cherry extract 70% (WCCE2) is rich in caffeine, with a minimum of 70%. WCCE1 inhibited the activities of digestive enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase, and WCCE2 inhibited acetylcholinesterase activities with their IC50 values of 1.74, 2.42, and 0.09 mg/mL, respectively. Multiple antioxidant assays—including DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, ORAC, HORAC, NORAC, and SORAC—demonstrated that WCCE1 has strong antioxidant activity.
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Dourron, Juliette, Stefani De Ovalle, Paula González-Pombo, Andrea Villarino, Ana Ramón, and Alicia Costábile. "Genome sequencing and oenologically relevant traits of the Uruguayan native yeast <i>Issatchenkia terricola</i>." OENO One 56, no. 3 (July 18, 2022): 103–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2022.56.3.5581.
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Issatchenkia terricola 0621 is a non-Saccharomyces yeast strain isolated from Tannat grapes from Uruguayan vineyards; it stands out for its ability to produce high levels of β-glucosidase activity, which contributes to the aromatic complexity of wines. To delve into the potential oenological applications of this strain, its high-quality genome was obtained and explored, allowing the main central carbon and nitrogen metabolic pathways to be reconstructed. I. terricola is able to utilise glycerol as the sole carbon source in a way that has not previously been described for yeasts. The genes of the fermentome and those involved in stress resistance during winemaking were also identified, and differences were found when compared to S. cerevisiae, which may explain why I. terricola is unable to complete fermentation. The pathways responsible for natural aroma synthesis were also reconstructed, and the production of aromatic acids, alcohols, esters, acetates and lactones was verified experimentally. Finally, sequences encoding for β-glucosidases, in addition to the previously characterised one, were identified in the genome. The work presented here lays the groundwork for experimental research focused on the dissection of the metabolism of a native non-Saccharomyces strain and its application for oenological and biotechnological purposes.
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Satria, Dedi, Sonam Tamrakar, Hiroto Suhara, Shuhei Kaneko, and Kuniyoshi Shimizu. "Mass Spectrometry-Based Untargeted Metabolomics and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Lingzhi (Ganoderma lingzhi) During the Developmental Stages." Molecules 24, no. 11 (May 29, 2019): 2044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24112044.
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Lingzhi is a Ganoderma mushroom species which has a wide range of bioactivities. Analysis of the changes in metabolites during the developmental stages of lingzhi is important to understand the underlying mechanism of its biosynthesis, as well as its bioactivity. It may also provide valuable information for the cultivation efficiency of lingzhi. In this study, mass spectrometry based untargeted metabolomics was carried out to analyze the alteration of metabolites during developmental stages of lingzhi. Eight developmental stages were categorized on the basis of morphological changes; starting from mycelium stage to post-mature stage. GC/MS and LC/MS analyses along with multivariate analysis of lingzhi developmental stages were performed. Amino acids, organic acids, sugars, polyols, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, and some small polar metabolites were extracted as marker metabolites from GC/MS analysis, while, lanostane-type triterpenoids were observed in LC/MS analysis of lingzhi. The marker metabolites from untargeted analysis of lingzhi developmental stages were correlated with the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Two metabolites, compounds 34 and 35, were identified as potential contributors of the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The current result shows that some metabolites are involved in the developmental process and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of lingzhi.
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Wu, Cheng-Rong, Shih-Yu Lee, Chien-Hung Chen, and Sheng-Dun Lin. "Bioactive Compounds of Underground Valerian Extracts and Their Effect on Inhibiting Metabolic Syndrome-Related Enzymes Activities." Foods 12, no. 3 (February 2, 2023): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12030636.
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Extractions of the underground parts of valerian were prepared with water and ethanol (25–95%) at 25–75 °C. Extraction yields, bioactive compounds, and the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability of lyophilized extracts were determined. The inhibitory effects of the extracts, valerenic acid derivatives and phenolic acids, on metabolic syndrome (MS)-related enzymes activities were further examined. Both roots and rhizomes extracted with 95% ethanol at 75 °C had the highest levels of bioactive compounds. The antioxidant capacity and inhibition of MS-related enzymes of the roots extract were better than those of the rhizomes. The roots extract more strongly inhibited pancreatic lipase (inhibition of 50% of enzyme activity (IC50), 17.59 mg/mL), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, IC50, 3.75 mg/mL), α-amylase (IC50, 12.53 mg/mL), and α-glucosidase (IC50, 15.40 mg/mL). These four phenolic acids inhibited the activity of MS-related enzymes. Valerenic acid demonstrated more of an inhibitory ability for ACE (IC50, 0.225 mg/mL, except for caffeic acid) and α-glucosidase (IC50, 0.617 mg/mL) than phenolic acids. Valerian extract inhibited key enzyme activities that were associated with obesity (lipase), hypertension (ACE), and type 2 diabetes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase), suggesting that it is a potential candidate for the development of functional supplements.
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Sano, A., and N. S. Radin. "The inhibition of glucosylceramide β-glucosidase and other acid hydrolases by nucleic acids." Biochemical Journal 254, no. 1 (August 15, 1988): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2540297.
Full textAbstract:
During the isolation of the activator protein for glucosylceramide beta-glucosidase, we found that certain column fractions contained an inhibitor of the enzyme. After separation from the activator protein by a DEAE-Sephacel column, the inhibitor was purified further with a Spehadex G-75 column. The u.v. absorption spectrum of the purified material was similar to that of nucleic acids and the protein content of the purified material was negligible. Furthermore the purified inhibitor reacted with orcinol but not with diphenylamine, and its inhibitory activity was completely destroyed by treatment with RNAases. It seems likely that the purified inhibitor was tRNA. Authentic RNA, tRNA and DNA had similar inhibitory effects on beta-glucosidase (Ki 17 micrograms/ml for tRNA, noncompetitive toward the substrate). The inhibitory effect of nucleic acids was not fully overcome by an excess amount of the activator protein, but phosphatidylserine could restore the activity to normal. Tests with several other hydrolases revealed that the inhibitory effect of nucleic acids was fairly general.
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Yang, Dan, Xuee Chen, Xida Liu, Na Han, Zhihui Liu, Sikai Li, Jianxiu Zhai, and Jun Yin. "Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities Guided Isolation and Identification of Components from Mango Seed Kernel." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2020 (December 28, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8858578.
Full textAbstract:
In the present study, petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions of mango seed kernel exhibited different degrees of antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Thus, quantitative and qualitative analysis of the petroleum ether fraction was conducted by GC-MS. Among identified components, four unsaturated fatty acids had never been reported in natural products before, together with 19 known components. In addition, 17 compounds were isolated and elucidated from other active fractions. Compounds 2, 9, 15, and 17 were isolated for the first time from Mangifera genus. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited prominent DPPH radical scavenging and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. In order to further explore their mechanism of α-glucosidase inhibition, their enzyme kinetics and in silico modeling experiments were performed. The results indicated that 1 inhibited α-glucosidase in a noncompetitive manner, whereas 2 acted in a competitive manner. In molecular docking, the stability of binding was enhanced by π-π T-shaped, π-alkyl, π-π stacked, hydrogen bond, and electrostatic interactions. Thus, compounds 1 and 2 were determined to be new potent antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitors for preventing food oxidation and enhancing hypoglycemic activity.
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Islam, Syful, Md Badrul Alam, Hyeon-Jin Ann, Ji-Hyun Park, Sang-Han Lee, and Sunghwan Kim. "Metabolite Profiling of Manilkara zapota L. Leaves by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Coupled with ESI and APCI and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity, α-Glucosidase, and Elastase Inhibition Assays." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010132.
Full textAbstract:
High-resolution mass spectrometry equipped with electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) sources was used to enhance the characterization of phytochemicals of ethanol extracts of Manilkara zapota L. leaves (ZLE). Sugar compounds, dicarboxylic acids, compounds of phenolic acids and flavonoids groups, and other phytochemicals were detected from the leaves. Antioxidant activity and inhibition potentiality of ZLE against α-glucosidase enzyme, and elastase enzyme activities were evaluated in in vitro analysis. ZLE significantly inhibited activities of α-glucosidase enzyme at a lower concentration (IC50 2.51 ± 0.15 µg/mL). Glucose uptake in C2C12 cells was significantly enhanced by 42.13 ± 0.15% following the treatment with ZLE at 30 µg/mL. It also exhibited potential antioxidant activities and elastase enzyme inhibition activity (IC50 27.51 ± 1.70 µg/mL). Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI–MS) detected more m/z peaks than electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI–MS), and both ionization techniques illustrated the biological activities of the detected compounds more thoroughly compared to single-mode analysis. Our findings suggest that APCI along with ESI is a potential ionization technique for metabolite profiling, and ZLE has the potential in managing diabetes by inhibiting α-glucosidase activity and enhancing glucose uptake.
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Lachowicz, Sabina, Rafał Wiśniewski, Ireneusz Ochmian, Katarzyna Drzymała, and Stanisław Pluta. "Anti-Microbiological, Anti-Hyperglycemic and Anti-Obesity Potency of Natural Antioxidants in Fruit Fractions of Saskatoon Berry." Antioxidants 8, no. 9 (September 13, 2019): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8090397.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the present work was to evaluate for content of phytochemicals (monophosphate nucleotides, free amino acids, polyphenols), and for anti-microbiological, anti-diabetic (ability to inhibit pancreatic lipase, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase), and antioxidant activities in seven selected fruit and fruit fractions of Amelanchier alnifolia. Most of the fruit and fruit fractions analyzed in this study have not been examined in this respect until now. The content of monophosphate nucleotides and free amino acids were tested by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-ESI-MS). The distribution of the examined compounds and biological activity differed significantly depending on the tested fruit and parts of the fruit. Cultivars “Smoky” and “Thiessen” had a high content of essential free amino acids, monophosphate nucleotides, and the highest antioxidant activity. They were also accountable for the high ability to inhibit Enterococcus hirae (anti-bacterial activity), of activity toward α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase. Moreover, the fruit peel was abundant in polyphenolic compounds and showed the highest antioxidative activity, which were strongly correlated with each other. In addition, the peel was characterized by a high concentration of monophosphate nucleotides, free amino acids, and were responsible above all for the strong ability to inhibit pancreatic lipase enzymes contributing to the development of obesity. The seeds were rich in uridine 5’-monophosphate, and total essential and non-essential free amino acids, whose contents correlated with the inhibitory activity toward α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The fruit flesh showed a high content of total free amino acids (hydroxy-L-proline, O-phosphoethanolamine, L-citruline). There was a positive correlation between antioxidant capacity and the content of polyphenolic compounds, nucleotide, and ability to inhibit pancreatic lipase, and between anti-hyperglycemic and free amino acids in fruits and fruit fractions. Therefore, the tested fruit of A. alnifolia and their fractions could be essential ingredients of new functional products and/or probiotic food.
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Hellal, Khaoula, M. Maulidiani, Intan Safinar Ismail, Chin Ping Tan, and Faridah Abas. "Antioxidant, α-Glucosidase, and Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activities of Six Algerian Traditional Medicinal Plant Extracts and 1H-NMR-Based Metabolomics Study of the Active Extract." Molecules 25, no. 5 (March 10, 2020): 1247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051247.
Full textAbstract:
Claims of effective therapy against diabetes using plants including Peganum harmala L., Zygophyllum album, Anacyclus valentinus L., Ammodaucus leucotrichus, Lupinus albus, and Marrubium vulgare in Algerian empirical medicine prompted our interest in evaluating their antidiabetic activity by screening their free radical scavenging (DPPH), α-glucosidase, and nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activities as well as the total phenolic content (TPC). Extracts of the selected plants were prepared using different ratios of ethanol (0, 50, 80, and 100%). In this study, 100%, and 80% ethanol extracts of L. albus were found to be the most potent, in inhibiting α-glucosidase activity with IC50 values of 6.45 and 8.66 μg/mL, respectively. The 100% ethanol extract of A. leucotrichus exhibited the highest free radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 26.26 μg/mL. Moreover, the highest TPC of 612.84 μg GAE/mg extract was observed in M. vulgare, extracted with 80% ethanol. Metabolite profiling of the active extract was conducted using 1H-NMR metabolomics. Partial least square analysis (PLS) was used to assess the relationship between the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of L. albus and the metabolites identified in the extract. Based on the PLS model, isoflavonoids (lupinoisoflavone G, lupisoflavone, lupinoisolone C), amino acids (asparagine and thiamine), and several fatty acids (stearic acid and oleic acid) were identified as metabolites that contributed to the inhibition of α-glucosidase activity. The results of this study have clearly strengthened the traditional claim of the antihyperglycemic effects of L. albus.
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Altowyan, Mezna Saleh, Assem Barakat, Abdullah Mohammed Al-Majid, and H. A. Al-Ghulikah. "Spiroindolone Analogues as Potential Hypoglycemic with Dual Inhibitory Activity on α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase." Molecules 24, no. 12 (June 25, 2019): 2342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24122342.
Full textAbstract:
Inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase by specified synthetic compounds during the digestion of starch helps control post-prandial hyperglycemia and could represent a potential therapy for type II diabetes mellitus. A new series of spiroheterocyclic compounds bearing oxindole/benzofuran/pyrrolidine/thiazolidine motifs were synthesized via a 1,3-dipolar cyclo-addition reaction approach. The specific compounds were obtained by reactions of chalcones having a benzo[b]furan scaffold (compounds 2a–f), with a substituted isatin (compounds 3a–c) and heterocyclic amino acids (compounds 4a,b). The target spiroindolone analogues 5a–r were evaluated for their potential inhibitory activities against the enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Preliminary results indicated that some of the target compounds exhibit promising α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Among the tested spiroindolone analogues, the cycloadduct 5r was found to be the most active (IC50 = 22.61 ± 0.54 μM and 14.05 ± 1.03 μM) as α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors, with selectivity indexes of 0.62 and 1.60, respectively. Docking studies were carried out to confirm the binding interaction between the enzyme active site and the spiroindolone analogues.
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Weni, Mustika, Mega Safithri, and Djarot Sasongko Hami Seno. "Molecular Docking of Active Compounds Piper crocatum on the A-Glucosidase Enzyme as Antidiabetic." Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 7, no. 2 (July 11, 2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/ijpst.v7i2.21120.
Full textAbstract:
Ethanol extract of Piper crocatum leaves has inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase enzyme. Ethyl acetate fraction from Piper crocatum leaves has the highest antioxidant activity. Previous research has provided information that the ethyl acetate fraction of Piper crocatum leaves has an inhibition of α-glucosidase containing 6XO32ZSP1D, Ethyl L-serinate hydrochloride compound, Schisandrin B compound, Columbin compound, 4- (4-methoxy-phenylamino) -2 compound, 3-dihydro-1H-4a, 9-diazacyclopenta (b) fluorine-10-carbonitrile, compound 6-Amino-4- [3- (benzyloxy) phenyl] -3-tert-butyl-2,4-dihydropyrano [2, 3-c] pyrazole-5-carbonitrile, compound 4 - {{4.6-Bis [(3R, 5S) -3,5-diamino-1-piperydinyl] -1,3,5-triazine-2-yl} amino) benzenesulfonamide and compound 1.1 '- (1,4-butanediyl) bis {2,6-dimethyl-4 - [(3-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2 (3H) ylidene) methyl] pyridinium. This study aims to study the interaction between bioactive compounds contained in ethyl acetate fraction of Piper crocatum leaves with α-glucosidase enzyme in In Silico using AutoDock Vina, Columbin shows the lowest binding energy with binding sites with amino acids Ser240, Asp242, His280, Arg315, Glu411, Phe159, Arg442, Tyr158 and Phe303. Columbin has the stability and inhibits the α-glucosidase enzyme from S. cerevisiae better than the seven other compounds, because it has OH and CH3 groups which play a role in the interaction with around the active side of the α-glucosidase enzyme.Keywords: Columbin, In Silico, α-Glucosidase
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Indrianingsih, Anastasia Wheni, Amalia Indah Prihantini, and Sanro Tachibana. "Isolation of Endophytic Fungi QPS 05 from Quercus phillyraeoides A. Gray and Its Potential for α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity." Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia 20, no. 1 (August 21, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jkti.v20i1.372.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractEndophytic fungi are the microorganisms that spend all or part of their life cycles within plant tissue without causing harmful effects on the plant. In this study, 14 endophytic fungus from Quercus phillyraeoides A. Gray were isolated. Alternaria sp. QPS 05, an endophytic fungi which was isolated from the stem of Q. phillyraeoides A. Gray showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Further separation of ethyl acetate extract from the fungus led to the isolation of active substance from hexane-soluble fraction which give fatty acids mixture consist of palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid (1) strong inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase. Isolated fatty acids (1) had inhibitory concentration (IC50) values against Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 12.10 μg/mL. The results of the present study showed that endophytic fungus from Alternaria sp. QPS 05 potentially contained a rich source of natural antidiabetic medicine.
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Mei, Jianfeng, Xia Wu, Sujing Zheng, Xiang Chen, Zhuliang Huang, and Yichun Wu. "Improvement of Cucurbitacin B Content in Cucumis melo Pedicel Extracts by Biotransformation Using Recombinant β-Glucosidase." Separations 8, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations8090138.
Full textAbstract:
For the efficient biotransformation of cucurbitacin B 2-o-β-d-glucoside (CuBg) to cucurbitacin B (CuB) in Cucumis melo pedicel extracts, the β-glucosidase gene bglS—consisting of 1344 bp (447 amino acids) from Streptomyces sp. RW-2—was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The activity of recombinant β-glucosidase with p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucoside (pNPG) as a substrate was 3.48 U/mL in a culture. Using the recombinant β-glucosidase for the biotransformation of C. melo pedicel extracts, CuBg was converted into CuB with a conversion rate of 87.6% when the concentration of CuBg was 0.973 g/L in a reaction mixtures. The concentration of CuB in C. melo pedicel extracts was improved from 13.6 to 20.2 g/L after biotransformation. The present study provides high-efficiency technology for the production of CuB from its glycoside by biotransformation.
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Budipramana, Krisyanti, Junaidin Junaidin, Komar Ruslan Wirasutisna, Yanatra Budi Pramana, and Sukrasno Sukrasno. "An Integrated In Silico and In Vitro Assays of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 and α-Glucosidase Inhibition by Stellasterol from Ganoderma australe." Scientia Pharmaceutica 87, no. 3 (August 14, 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/scipharm87030021.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Ganoderma fungus is rich in terpenoids. These compounds are known for their anti-hyperglycemic activities. However, the study of terpenoids as the secondary metabolite from Ganoderma as a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor remains unexplored. In addition, we examined the α-glucosidase inhibition activity. Objective: This study aimed to isolate the major terpenoid from non-laccate Ganoderma and examined its inhibitor activity on DPP-4 and α-glucosidase enzymes, and its interaction. Methods: The compound was isolated using column chromatography from Ganoderma australe. The structure of the isolated compound was confirmed by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, while the inhibitory activity was evaluated using an enzymatic assay. The interaction of the isolated compound with DPP-4 and α-glucosidase enzymes was investigated using an in silico study. Results: The isolated compound was identified as stellasterol; IC50 values for DPP-4 and α-glucosidase inhibitor were 427.39 µM and 314.54 µM, respectively. This study revealed that the inhibitory effect of stellasterol on DPP-4 enzyme is through hydrophobic interaction, while the α-glucosidase enzyme is due to the interaction with six amino acids of the enzyme. Conclusion: Stellasterol is the major component of the steroid from G. australe. Enzyme inhibitory assay and in silico study suggest that stellasterol may contribute antidiabetic activity with a mechanism closer to acarbose rather than to sitagliptin.
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Zhao, Lin, Yuqiong Pei, Guoxin Zhang, Jiayao Li, Yujie Zhu, Mingjun Xia, Ke Yan, et al. "Efficient Synthesis and In Vitro Hypoglycemic Activity of Rare Apigenin Glycosylation Derivatives." Molecules 28, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020533.
Full textAbstract:
Apigenin is a natural flavonoid with significant biological activity, but poor solubility in water and low bioavailability limits its use in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this paper, apigenin-7-O-β-(6″-O)-d-glucoside (AG) and apigenin-7-O-β-(6″-O-succinyl)-d-glucoside (SAG), rare apigenin glycosyl and succinyl derivatives formed by the organic solvent-tolerant bacteria Bacillus licheniformis WNJ02 were used in a 10.0% DMSO (v/v) system. The water solubility of SAG was 174 times that of apigenin, which solved the application problem. In the biotransformation reaction, the conversion rate of apigenin (1.0 g/L) was 100% at 24 h, and the yield of SAG was 94.2%. Molecular docking showed that the hypoglycemic activity of apigenin, apigenin-7-glucosides (AG), and SAG was mediated by binding with amino acids of α-glucosidase. The molecular docking results were verified by an in vitro anti-α-glucosidase assay and glucose consumption assay of active compounds. SAG had significant anti-α-glucosidase activity, with an IC50 of 0.485 mM and enhanced glucose consumption in HepG2 cells, which make it an excellent α-glucosidase inhibitor.
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Mawahib, Cheribet, Zaabat Nabila, Souilah Nabila, Bensouici Chawki, and Akkal Salah. "LC-MS analysis, antioxidant and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities of Centaurea papposa extracts." Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology 14, no. 4 (December 13, 2019): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v14i4.41246.
Full textAbstract:
This work aimed to ascertain the phenolic compounds and assess the antioxidant capacity and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Centaurea papposa extracts. Phenolic compounds were appraised using LC-MS technique. Moreover, antioxidant activity was investigated using DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC and FRAP assays. In vitro alpha-glucosidase inhibitory effect was carried out. LC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 21 compounds among which 13 were phenolic acids, 6 flavonoids, 1 phenolic aldehyde and 1 benzopyrone. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest activity in ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay (IC50: 22.9 ± 2.8 µg/mL). Nevertheless the n-butanol extract was the most active in cupric reducing antioxidant capacity assay (IC50: 3.1 ± 0.1 µg/mL). A significant alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity was displayed by dichloromethane extract (IC50: 227.6 ± 4.4 µg/mL).
Video Clip of Methodology:
Cupric reduction antioxidant capacity: 1 min 47 sec: Full Screen Alternate
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Ur Rehman, Najeeb, Sobia Ahsan Halim, Mohammed Al-Azri, Majid Khan, Ajmal Khan, Kashif Rafiq, Ahmed Al-Rawahi, Rene Csuk, and Ahmed Al-Harrasi. "Triterpenic Acids as Non-Competitive α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Boswellia elongata with Structure-Activity Relationship: In Vitro and In Silico Studies." Biomolecules 10, no. 5 (May 12, 2020): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10050751.
Full textAbstract:
Fourteen triterpene acids, viz., three tirucallane-type (1–3), eight ursane-type (4–11), two oleanane-type (12, 13) and one lupane type (21), along with boswellic aldehyde (14), α-amyrine (15), epi-amyrine (16), straight chain acid (17), sesquiterpene (19) and two cembrane-type diterpenes (18, 20) were isolated, first time, from the methanol extract of Boswellia elongata resin. Compound (1) was isolated for first time as a natural product, while the remaining compounds (2‒21) were reported for first time from B. elongata. The structures of all compounds were confirmed by advanced spectroscopic techniques including mass spectrometry and also by comparison with the reported literature. Eight compounds (1–5, 11, 19 and 20) were further screened for in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Compounds 3–5 and 11 showed significant activity against α-glucosidase with IC50 values ranging from 9.9–56.8 μM. Compound 4 (IC50 = 9.9 ± 0.48 μM) demonstrated higher inhibition followed by 11 (IC50 = 14.9 ± 1.31 μM), 5 (IC50 = 20.9 ± 0.05 μM) and 3 (IC50 = 56.8 ± 1.30 μM), indicating that carboxylic acid play a key role in α-glucosidase inhibition. Kinetics studies on the active compounds 3–5 and 11 were carried out to investigate their mechanism (mode of inhibition and dissociation constants Ki). All compounds were found to be non-competitive inhibitors with Ki values in the range of 7.05 ± 0.17–51.15 ± 0.25 µM. Moreover, in silico docking was performed to search the allosteric hotspot for ligand binding which is targeted by our active compounds investigates the binding mode of active compounds and it was identified that compounds preferentially bind in the allosteric binding sites of α-glucosidase. The results obtained from docking study suggested that the carboxylic group is responsible for their biologic activities. Furthermore, the α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of the active compounds is reported here for the first time.
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An, Dong-Shan, Wan-Taek Im, Hee-Chan Yang, Deok-Chun Yang, and Sung-Taik Lee. "Dyella koreensis sp. nov., a β-glucosidase-producing bacterium." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 55, no. 4 (July 1, 2005): 1625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63695-0.
Full textAbstract:
A bacterial strain (designated BB4T), which has β-glucosidase activity, was isolated from soil around the roots of bamboo plants. Cells were Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile and straight-rod-shaped. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed a clear affiliation with members of the family ‘Xanthomonadaceae’. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain BB4T showed the following sequence similarities: 97·7 % to Dyella japonica XD53T, 97·1 % to Frateuria aurantia LMG 1558T, 96·2 % to Fulvimonas soli LMG 19981T, 94·3 % to Rhodanobacter lindaniclasticus RP5575T and <90 % to other members of the ‘Gammaproteobacteria’. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 63·8 mol%. The major fatty acids were branched forms, especially large proportions of iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 1 ω9c, similar to the profile of the genus Dyella. The results of DNA–DNA hybridization with D. japonica XD53T and Frateuria aurantia LMG 1558T, in combination with phenotypic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, demonstrated that strain BB4T should be classified as a novel Dyella species. The name Dyella koreensis sp. nov. is proposed, with strain BB4T (=KCTC 12359T=NBRC 100831T) as the type strain.
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Qu, J., F. Zhang, K. Thakur, J. J. Shi, J. G. Zhang, S. Faisal, and Z. J. Wei. "The effects of process technology on the physicochemical properties of peony seed oil." Grasas y Aceites 68, no. 2 (June 5, 2017): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.1058162.
Full textAbstract:
Peony seed oils (PSOs) were prepared using supercritical CO2 (SC) and compared with soxhlet extraction (SE) and mechanical screw press extraction (SPE) methods. The fatty acid compositions of the oils were determined, and the physicochemical properties of the oils, including free radical-scavenging activity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition, thermal and rheological properties were evaluated. The unsaturated fatty acids in the SE oils were higher than SC and SPE oils due to the higher percentage of olefinic, allylic methylene and allylic methine protons in the SE oils. The SPE oils also displayed the highest DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging activity at the tested concentrations. However, the SE oils showed stronger inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes under in vitro conditions when compared with the other oil samples. The three oils had similar melting and crystalline point due to similar contents of fatty acids (FAs). The SC oils had a lower Ea than the others.
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Benitez, Emilio, Rogelio Nogales, Serena Doni, Grazia Masciandaro, and Beatriz Moreno. "Short communication: Biochemically active humic substances in contrasting agricultural managements." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 14, no. 3 (August 31, 2016): e03SC01. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2016143-8431.
Full textAbstract:
Because their crucial role in several soil biochemical cycles and their fast response to changes in soil management, extracellular enzymes activities are widely used as sensitive indicators of ecological change and soil quality. The aim of this work was to determine the effects of soil management on the stable pool of soil carbon cycling enzymes as indicators of essential functions. For this, extracellular β-glucosidase enzymes bounded by humic acids (C higher than 104 Da) were used to compare four long-term contrasting agricultural managements in a rainfed olive orchard representative of semi-arid Mediterranean habitats. The study was conducted for 30 years by designing a random-block of four treatments (nude vs. covered soils) and four replicates. Maintaining cover crops through fall, winter and early spring provoked a more stable and active pool of extracellular β-glucosidase in soils only if spontaneous vegetation was managed with mechanical methods. When herbicides were used during 30 years, the pattern of the molecular composition and activity of humus β-glucosidase complexes were similar in covered and nude soils, although higher activity was retrieved in the former. Tillage management increased carbon mineralization and the level of humic substances and the activity of β-glucosidase humic-bound were quite lower than in the rest of treatments. Given the ecological role of extracellular soil carbon cycling enzymes, the characterization of humus β-glucosidase complexes could be an adequate indicator of sustainability of agricultural management systems.
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Alqaraleh, Moath, Violet Kasabri, Sundus H. Al alawi, and Nihad Al-Othman. "Evaluation of Pancreatic and Extra Pancreatic Effects of Branched Amino Acids." Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases 26, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjdnmd-2019-0021.
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Abstract Background and aims: Leucine, Isoleucine, and Valine collectively known as Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), can be closely associated with metabolic dysregulates and with insulin resistance. We aimed to explore the role of BCAAs as potential treatment option for diabetes. Material and method: Bioassay the effect of BCAAs on MIN6 cell line on insulin secretion and pancreatic beta cells expansion, then were checked for inhibitory potential of pancreatic amylase, glucosidase and lipase as alternative approach for diabetes treatment. Results: BCAAs significantly enhance insulin secretion parallel to L-alanine efficacy. Furthermore, BCAAs obtain a dose dependent β-cell proliferation similar to glucagon-like peptide-1. Moreover, these acids could restore the secretory function of MIN6 β-cell despite stressful gluco-lipo-toxicity; separately or combined. Moreover, BCAAs exerted a dose dependent dual inhibition of amylase, glucosidase and lipase. Conclusions: Our current findings suggest that BCAAs supplementation may have a potential therapeutic effect against diabetes as insulin releasing agent and as specific inhibitors for both-amylase/α-amyloglucoside and lipase
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Salehi, Albert, Bo-Guang Fan, Mats Ekelund, Gunnar Nordin, and Ingmar Lundquist. "TPN-evoked dysfunction of islet lysosomal activity mediates impairment of glucose-stimulated insulin release." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 281, no. 1 (July 1, 2001): E171—E179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.1.e171.
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We examined the relation between nutrient-stimulated insulin secretion and the islet lysosome acid glucan-1,4-α-glucosidase system in rats undergoing total parenteral nutrition (TPN). During TPN treatment, serum glucose was normal, but free fatty acids, triglycerides, and cholesterol were elevated. Islets from TPN-infused rats showed increased basal insulin release, a normal insulin response to cholinergic stimulation but a greatly impaired response when stimulated by glucose or α-ketoisocaproic acid. This impairment of glucose-stimulated insulin release was only slightly ameliorated by the carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 inhibitor etomoxir. However, in parallel with the impaired insulin response to glucose, islets from TPN-infused animals displayed reduced activities of islet lysosomal enzymes including the acid glucan-1,4-α-glucosidase, a putative key enzyme in nutrient-stimulated insulin release. By comparison, the same lysosomal enzymes were increased in liver tissue. Furthermore, in intact control islets, the pseudotetrasaccharide acarbose, a selective inhibitor of acid α-glucosidehydrolases, dose dependently suppressed islet acid glucan-1,4-α-glucosidase and acid α-glucosidase activities in parallel with an inhibitory action on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. By contrast, when incubated with intact TPN islets, acarbose had no effect on either enzyme activity or glucose-induced insulin release. Moreover, when acarbose was added directly to TPN islet homogenates, the dose-response effect on the catalytic activity of the acid α-glucosidehydrolases was shifted to the right compared with control homogenates. We suggest that a general dysfunction of the islet lysosomal/vacuolar system and reduced catalytic activities of acid glucan-1,4-α-glucosidase and acid α-glucosidase may be important defects behind the impairment of the transduction mechanisms for nutrient-stimulated insulin release in islets from TPN-infused rats.
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Tkacz, Karolina, Aneta Wojdyło, Igor Piotr Turkiewicz, Łukasz Bobak, and Paulina Nowicka. "Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Enzymatic Activities of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) Fruits Modulated by Chemical Components." Antioxidants 8, no. 12 (December 4, 2019): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8120618.
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The aim of this study was to analyze in vitro biological activities as anti-oxidant, anti-α-amylase, anti-α-glucosidase, anti-lipase, and anti-lipoxygenase activity, relative to bioactive components (phenolic acids, flavonols, xanthophylls, carotenes, esterified carotenoids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, and fatty acids) and the basic chemical composition (sugars, organic acid, dry matter, soluble solid, pH, titratable acidity, ash, pectins, and vitamin C) of Hippophaë rhamnoides berries. Six sea buckthorn cultivars commonly grown in Poland were analyzed including Aromatnaja, Botaniczeskaja-Lubitelskaja, Józef, Luczistaja, Moskwiczka, and Podarok Sadu. Berries contained 1.34–2.87 g of sugars and 0.96–4.22 g of organic acids in 100 g fresh weight, 468.60–901.11 mg of phenolic compounds, and 46.61–508.57 mg of carotenoids in 100 g dry mass. The fatty acid profile was established: palmitic > palmitoleic > oleic and linoleic > stearic and linolenic acids. The highest anti-oxidant (34.68 mmol Trolox/100 g dry mass) and anti-α-amylase potential (IC50 = 26.83 mg/mL) was determined in Aromatnaja, anti-α-glucosidase in Botaniczeskaja-Lubitelskaja (IC50 = 41.78 mg/mL), anti-lipase in Moskwiczka and Aromatnaja (average IC50 = 4.37 mg/mL), and anti-lipoxygenase in Aromatnaja and Podarok Sadu fruits (100% inhibition). The studied sea buckthorn berries may be a raw material for the development of functional foods and nutraceutical products rich in compounds with high biological activity.
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Adomėnienė, Aušra, Audrius Pukalskas, Ona Ragažinskienė, and Petras Rimantas Venskutonis. "Health Beneficial Phytochemicals in Dioscorea caucasica Lipsky Leaves and Tubers and Their Inhibitory Effects on Physiologically Important Enzymes." Plants 11, no. 10 (May 18, 2022): 1341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11101341.
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Dioscorea caucasica Lipsky is a tertiary relict endemic plant naturally growing in the western part of the trans-Caucasus regions; it has adapted and successfully grows in the temperate region of the Baltic countries. Information about its phytochemical composition and bioactivities is rather scarce. This study reports the results of the identification of 41 compounds in D. caucasica leaf and tuber hydroethanolic extracts using UPLC-QTOF/MS. Organic acids were found in both extracts; hydroxycinnamates and flavonoids were the main phytochemicals in the leaves, while steroidal glycosides, fatty acids (mainly hydroxylated) and carbohydrates were found in the tubers. Leaf extracts inhibited enzymes in a dose-dependent manner and were remarkably stronger inhibitors of physiologically important enzymes, namely α-amylase (48.6% at 480 µg/mL), α-glucosidase (IC50 = 41.99 and 47.95 µg/mL with and without 0.1 M Na2CO3), acetylcholinesterase (45.85% at 100 µg/mL) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (IC50 = 829.7 µg/mL), most likely due to the presence of some quantified polyphenolic antioxidants. The mode of inhibition of α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase was assessed via kinetic studies based on Lineweaver–Burk inhibition plots. Leaf and tuber extracts acted as mixed-type and competitive inhibitors of α-glucosidase, respectively; the leaf extract demonstrated an uncompetitive inhibition mode of acetylcholinesterase. It is expected that this new knowledge of D. caucasica will serve for its valorization in developing new health beneficial ingredients for functional foods and nutraceuticals.
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SIMAMORA, ADELINA, ADIT WIDODO SANTOSO, and KRIS HERAWAN TIMOTIUS. "α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Effect of Fermented Fruit Juice of Morinda Citrifolia L and Combination Effect with Acarbose." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 7, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.7.1.21.
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Fermented fruit juice of M.citrifoliais supposed to be the future nutraceutical beverage due to its antidiabetic and antioxidant activities. The purposes of this study were to characterize the fermented juice microbiologically and chemically and to evaluate itsα-glucosidase inhibition and radical scavenging activities in vitro. The fruit of M.citrifolia was fermented and the fruit juice was obtained and evaluated for its radical scavenging activity based on a DPPH assay. It's in vitroanti diabetic activity on α-glucosidase inhibition was investigated, including its combined effect with acarbose by a Chou-Talalay method. The inhibition mode was evaluated by Line weaver-Burk plots. The juice was identified for its microbiome with 16S sequencing method and pictured with SEM. The bioactive compounds were analysed with LC-MS. The main microbiome was yeast and tentatively identified as Candida. The yeast was not able to grow in the normal growth medium for yeast, such as sabouroud agar. The TPC of the juice was 1,193 μg GAE/ml. The main compounds identified by an LC-MS were short-chain fatty acids (α-ketoglutaric acid and malic acid). The fermented fruit juice showed good α-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities with IC50 of 28.99 and 14.09μgGAE/ml, respectively. The kinetic study showed a non-competitive inhibition on α-glucosidase. The combination of the juice with acarbose at higher concentrations produced an additive effect on α-glucosidase. However, at lower concentrations, an antagonistic effect was observed. The fermented fruit juice of M.citrifoliais a good beverage with strong antidiabetic and antioxidant effects.
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Zeng, Yin, Chen, Nie, Lin, lu, Wang, and Peng. "Design, Synthesis, and Activity Evaluation of Novel N-benzyl Deoxynojirimycin Derivatives for Use as α-Glucosidase Inhibitors." Molecules 24, no. 18 (September 11, 2019): 3309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183309.
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To obtain α-glucosidase inhibitors with high activity, 19 NB-DNJDs (N-benzyl-deoxynojirimycin derivatives) were designed and synthesized. The results indicated that the 19 NB-DNJDs displayed different inhibitory activities towards α-glucosidase in vitro. Compound 18a (1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl) piperidine-3,4,5-triol) showed the highest activity, with an IC50 value of 0.207 ± 0.11 mM, followed by 18b (1-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl) piperidine-3,4,5-triol, IC50: 0.276 ± 0.13 mM). Both IC50 values of 18a and 18b were significantly lower than that of acarbose (IC50: 0.353 ± 0.09 mM). According to the structure-activity analysis, substitution of the benzyl and bromine groups on the benzene ring decreased the inhibition activity, while methoxy and hydroxyl group substitution increased the activity, especially with the hydroxyl group substitution. Molecular docking results showed that three hydrogen bonds were formed between compound 18a and amino acids in the active site of α-glucosidase. Additionally, an arene‒arene interaction was also modelled between the phenyl ring of compound 18a and Arg 315. The three hydrogen bonds and the arene‒arene interaction resulted in a low binding energy (–5.8 kcal/mol) and gave 18a a higher inhibition activity. Consequently, compound 18a is a promising candidate as a new α-glucosidase inhibitor for the treatment of type Ⅱ diabetes.
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Reyes-Ortigoza, Amada Laura. "Características de la actividad enzimática y el humus en suelos de chinampa." REVISTA TERRA LATINOAMERICANA 37, no. 4 (October 7, 2019): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.28940/terra.v37i4.487.
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The chinampas are protected natural areas that have suffered degradation due to saline contamination and type of management. The objective was to study enzymatic activity and type of humus in chinampas with different salinity, land use and geographical location. Forty-five soil samples were studied, 15 at each site (Xochimilco, San Gregorio Atlapulco (SGA) and Tláhuac). Each site had a different use: five had pastures, five had agricultural crops and five were abandoned. pH, EC, saline ions, enzymatic activity (glucosidase, phosphatase, urease, sulfatase, catalase and dehydrogenase) and carbon in humic substances were evaluated. EC, PSI and pH classified the cultivated soils of SGA and Xochimilco as saline, but in Tláhuac the soils of abandoned and pasture chinampas were sodic saline. Geographic location and land use changed enzyme activity (except for urease and glucosidase) and characteristics of the humus [percentages of carbon of humic acids (HA) (humic acids), fulvic acids (FA), and humins]. There were statistical differences (Tukey P < 0.05). The cultivated soils had more urease, phosphatase and sulfatase activity, while in the pasturelands dehydrogenase and catalase were more active. Higher carbon content in AH was found in pastureland and chinampas of Tlahuac, while in SGA and abandoned chinampas carbon content was higher in FA.
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Xu, Zhou, Liang Fu, Shiling Feng, Ming Yuan, Yan Huang, Jinqiu Liao, Lijun Zhou, Hongyu Yang, and Chunbang Ding. "Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antihyperglycemic Activities of the Wild Lactarius deliciosus from China." Molecules 24, no. 7 (April 6, 2019): 1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24071357.
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The wild mushroom Lactarius deliciosus from China was studied for the first time to obtain information about its chemical composition, antioxidant, and antihyperglycemic activities. Nutritional value, dietary fiber, fatty acids, metal elements, free sugars, free amino acids, organic acids, flavor 5′-nucleotides, and volatile aroma compounds were determined. Potential antioxidant and antihyperglycemic activities were also tested by investigating 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals scavenging activities, ferric ion reducing activity, as well as α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities using ethanol and aqueous extracts. The results showed that L. deliciosus was a good wild mushroom with high protein, carbohydrate, and dietary fiber contents, while low in fat and calorie, extensive unsaturated fatty acids contents, with negligible health risks about harmful metal elements. Twenty kinds of free amino acids were detected with a total content 3389.45 mg per 100 g dw. Flavor 5′-nucleotides including 5′-CMP, 5′-UMP, 5′-IMP, and 5′-AMP were 929.85, 45.21, 311.75, and 14.49 mg per 100 g dw, respectively. Mannitol (7825.00 mg per 100 g dw) was the main free sugar, and quininic acid (729.84 mg per 100 g dw) was the main organic acid. Twenty-five kinds of volatile aroma compounds were identified, acids (84.23%) were the most abundant compounds based on content, while aldehydes (15 of 25) were the most abundant compounds based on variety. In addition, both ethanol and aqueous extracts from L. deliciosus exhibited excellent antioxidant activity. While in antihyperglycemic activity tests, only ethanol extracts showed inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase.
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Lheman, Jennifer, Anthony Sutiono, Yanti Yanti, Raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata, and Bibiana Widiyati Lay. "FUNCTIONAL BIGNAY CIDERS INHIBIT KEY ENZYMES LINKED TO OBESITY AND DIABETES FOR METABOLIC SYNDROME PROTECTION." Jurnal Teknologi 83, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v83.14898.
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Metabolic syndrome has become one of the major health issues worldwide. Cider beverages have several functional properties for health, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic effects. In this study, we formulated cider beverages from bignay fruits (Antidesma bunius), identified their compounds, and evaluated their functional effects for metabolic syndrome protection. Ciders were produced from the aqueous extract of bignay fruit powder, fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Acetobacter xylinum for 3, 7, and 14 days. Compound identification in bignay ciders was done using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Antioxidant activity was done by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay, while enzymatic inhibitory assays were tested against lipase, α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). GC/MS profiling showed that most bignay ciders contained major organic acids and amino acids. All ciders exerted high antioxidant activity (>60%). Bignay ciders fermented from A. xylinum demonstrated significant inhibition (>90%) against lipase and α-glucosidase activities. However, ciders had no functional effect on a-amylase and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. These data suggest that bignay ciders may have potential as functional beverages with antioxidant, antiobesity, and antidiabetic effects for management of metabolic syndrome.
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Huang, Zhe, Yinning Chen, Riming Huang, and Zhengang Zhao. "Identification and Structure–Activity Relationship of Recovered Phenolics with Antioxidant and Antihyperglycemic Potential from Sugarcane Molasses Vinasse." Foods 11, no. 19 (October 8, 2022): 3131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11193131.
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Sugarcane molasses vinasse is the residue of the fermentation of molasses and the water and soil environmental pollutants from distilleries. However, its recycling value has been neglected. The chemical analysis of the molasses vinasse led to the isolation of a new benzoyl chloride called 2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-methoxy benzoyl chloride, as well as thirteen known compounds, including six benzoic acids. The structure of the new benzoyl chloride was elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. The antioxidant activity of all isolated compounds was measured using the ORAC assay. Moreover, we compared the cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) and inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase for structure–activity analysis. The results showed that only vanillic acid had CAA (8.64 μmol QE/100 μmol in the no PBS wash protocol and 6.18 μmol QE/100 μmol in the PBS wash protocol), although other benzoic acid derivatives had high ORAC values ranging between 1879.9 and 32,648.1 μmol TE/g. Additional methoxy groups at the ortho-positions of the p-hydroxy group of benzoic acids enhanced the inhibition of α-glucosidase but reduced the ORAC activity unless at the para-position. This work indicated that phenolics, especially phenolic acids in the sugarcane molasses vinasse, possessed potential antioxidant and antihyperglycemic activity, which improved the utilization rate of resources and reduced the discharge of pollutants.
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Karcheva-Bahchevanska, Diana P., Paolina K. Lukova, Mariana M. Nikolova, Rumen D. Mladenov, and Ilia N. Iliev. "Effect of Extracts of Bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) on Amyloglucosidase and α-Glucosidase Activity." Folia Medica 59, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/folmed-2017-0028.
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AbstractBackground:Vaccinium myrtillusL. is a species belonging to the genusVacciniumof the familyEricaceae. Bilberries have drawn attention due to the multiple benefits for the human health, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-neurodegenerative, and cardioprotective effects. Recently, bilberries were shown to inhibit the activity of carbohydrate-hydrolysing enzymes that can help reduce the intensity of the metabolic syndrome and prevent type 2 diabetes.Aim:In this study, we investigated theα-glucosidase and amyloglucosidase inhibitory activities of polyphenol-rich extracts from fruit ofVaccinium myrtillusL. from different regions in Bulgaria.Materials and methods:The total phenolic content was determined spectrophotometrically using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. With HPLC analysis, phenolic acid composition of extracts was assessed. Enzymatic inhibitory activities were determined according to the methodology by Borooah et al. (1961), and Dewi et al. (2007). Amyloglucosidase assay andα-glucosidase assay were used to measure the inhibition potential of bilberries’ extracts.Results:Phenolic compound content ranged from 1299.60 mg to 510.88 mg GAE/100 g for organic extracts and from 453.63 mg to 290.83 mg GAE/100 g for aqueous extracts. Based on qualitative HPLC analyses, gallic acid and chlorogenic acid were found to be among the major phenolic acids present in bilberries. Methanol and aqueous extracts there were found to be effective inhibitors ofα-glucosidase with an IC50value of 20 μg GAE/ml and 55 μg GAE/ml, respectively.Conclusion:The inhibitory activity of bilberries’ extracts towardsα-glucosidase offers the patients with type 2 diabetes the opportunity to manage their own glycaemic levels with a diet.
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Chanda, Kakoli, Atifa Begum Mozumder, Ringhoilal Chorei, Ridip Kumar Gogoi, and Himanshu Kishore Prasad. "A Lignocellulolytic Colletotrichum sp. OH with Broad-Spectrum Tolerance to Lignocellulosic Pretreatment Compounds and Derivatives and the Efficiency to Produce Hydrogen Peroxide and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Tolerant Cellulases." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 10 (September 22, 2021): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7100785.
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Fungal endophytes are an emerging source of novel traits and biomolecules suitable for lignocellulosic biomass treatment. This work documents the toxicity tolerance of Colletotrichum sp. OH toward various lignocellulosic pretreatment-derived inhibitors. The effects of aldehydes (vanillin, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural; HMF), acids (gallic, formic, levulinic, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid), phenolics (hydroquinone, p-coumaric acid), and two pretreatment chemicals (hydrogen peroxide and ionic liquid), on the mycelium growth, biomass accumulation, and lignocellulolytic enzyme activities, were tested. The reported Colletotrichum sp. OH was naturally tolerant to high concentrations of single inhibitors like HMF (IC50; 17.5 mM), levulinic acid (IC50; 29.7 mM), hydroquinone (IC50; 10.76 mM), and H2O2 (IC50; 50 mM). The lignocellulolytic enzymes displayed a wide range of single and mixed inhibitor tolerance profiles. The enzymes β-glucosidase and endoglucanase showed H2O2- and HMF-dependent activity enhancements. The enzyme β-glucosidase activity was 34% higher in 75 mM and retained 20% activity in 125 mM H2O2. Further, β-glucosidase activity increased to 24 and 32% in the presence of 17.76 and 8.8 mM HMF. This research suggests that the Colletotrichum sp. OH, or its enzymes, can be used to pretreat plant biomass, hydrolyze it, and remove inhibitory by-products.
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BABAKR, Sazgar Hassan, Emre EREZ, Muzaffer MÜKEMRE, and Abdullah DALAR. "The phenolic profile and biological activities of common Scorzonera species from Eastern Anatolia." International Journal of Secondary Metabolite 9, no. 4 (December 21, 2022): 538–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1084743.
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The present study focused on chemical composition and base therapeutic potential of common Scorzonera species (Scorzonera mollis, Scorzonera papposa, and Scorzonera semicana), which have been utilized as food and medicine by local people of Eastern Anatolia for a long time. Comparative analytical studies were performed on ethanol-based extracts and traditional preparations (infusions) through chromatographic (HPLC-MS/MS) and reagent-based antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory assays. Results revelated that extracts were rich in phenolics, particularly hydroxycinnamic acids that were confirmed by HPLC-MS/MS, chlorogenic acids and luteolin are the major phytochemical compounds of extracts. With regards to biological activities findings, it was determined that ethanol-based extracts showed better antioxidant activities and effectively suppressed the activities of α-glucosidase. In addition, both of the extracts were found as strong suppressive agents of pancreatic lipase activity so Scorzonera species were rich sources of bioactive compounds that able to deactivate reactive oxygen species and free radicals and as well as suppress the activities of α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase. Finally, obtained findings reveal base data of Scorzonera species for researches that focused on novel candidates of nutraceuticals and biotherapeutics.
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Kim, Yeon-Ju, Myung Kyum Kim, Thi Phuong Nam Bui, Ho-Bin Kim, Sathiyaraj Srinivasan, and Deok-Chun Yang. "Microbacterium ginsengiterrae sp. nov., a β-glucosidase-producing bacterium isolated from soil of a ginseng field." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60, no. 12 (December 1, 2010): 2808–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.015784-0.
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Strain DCY37T was isolated from a soil sample of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea and characterized in order to determine its taxonomic position. Cells were Gram-staining-positive, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, non-motile short rods. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY37T belongs to the genus Microbacterium. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it is closely related to Microbacterium aerolatum DSM 14217T (98.8 %), Microbacterium hydrocarbonoxydans DSM 16089T (98.5 %), Microbacterium natoriense JCM 12611T (98.5 %), Microbacterium foliorum (98.4 %) and Microbacterium phyllosphaerae (98.3 %). However, DNA–DNA hybridization studies showed reassociation values of less than 70 % between representative strains and DCY37T. The DNA G+C content was 64.5 mol%. Strain DCY37T possessed chemotaxonomic markers that were consistent with classification in the genus Microbacterium, i.e. MK-12 and MK-13 as the major menaquinones and anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the predominant cellular fatty acids. The major cell wall sugars were ribose, xylose and galactose. The diamino acid in cell-wall hydrolysates of strain DCY37T was ornithine and major cell-wall amino acids were alanine, glycine, d-glutamic acid and serine. The major polar lipids were glycolipid, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and unknown aminolipids. Based on these data, DCY37T (=KCTC 19526T =JCM 15516T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium ginsengiterrae sp. nov. is proposed.
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Wong, Pei Lou, Nurul Azila Fauzi, Siti Norhamimah Mohamed Yunus, Nur Ashikin Abdul Hamid, Siti Zulaikha Abd Ghafar, Awanis Azizan, Nur Khaleeda Zulaikha Zolkeflee, and Faridah Abas. "Biological Activities of Selected Plants and Detection of Bioactive Compounds from Ardisia elliptica Using UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry." Molecules 25, no. 13 (July 6, 2020): 3067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25133067.
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Plants and plant-based products have been used for a long time for medicinal purposes. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant and anti-α-glucosidase activities of eight selected underutilized plants in Malaysia: Leucaena leucocephala, Muntingia calabura, Spondias dulcis, Annona squamosa, Ardisia elliptica, Cynometra cauliflora, Ficus auriculata, and Averrhoa bilimbi. This study showed that the 70% ethanolic extract of all plants exhibited total phenolic content (TPC) ranging from 51 to 344 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight. A. elliptica showed strong 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activities, with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 2.17 and 49.43 μg/mL, respectively. Most of the tested plant extracts showed higher inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme activity than the standard, quercetin, particularly A. elliptica, F. auriculata, and M. calabura extracts with IC50 values of 0.29, 0.36, and 0.51 μg/mL, respectively. A total of 62 metabolites including flavonoids, triterpenoids, benzoquinones, and fatty acids were tentatively identified in the most active plant, i.e., A. elliptica leaf extract, by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)–electrospray ionization (ESI) Orbitrap MS. This study suggests a potential natural source of antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitors from A. elliptica.