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Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

Akimova, Liudmila Mykolayivna, Oleksandr Oleksiiovych Akimov, and Olha Oleksandrivna Liakhovich. "STATE REGULATION OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY." SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN OF POLISSIA 1, no. 4(12) (2017): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2410-9576-2017-1-4(12)-98-103.

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2

Elbrekht, O. ""FORMATION OF READINESS FOR DIALOGUE IN PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF FUTURE MANAGERS OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVIT"." Pedagogical Education: Theory and Practice 1, no. 25 (November 23, 2018): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32626/2309-9763.2018-25-1.51-59.

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3

Cherevko, D., and H. Tybinka. "Foreign economic activity of Lviv." Vìsnik Lʹvìvsʹkogo nacìonalʹnogo agrarnogo unìversitetu. Ekonomìka APK 27 (December 1, 2020): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31734/economics2020.27.064.

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4

Megaeva, S. V., O. V. Sorokina, and Yu V. Bogdanov. "Accounting for foreign economic activity." Trends in the development of science and education 59, no. 2 (March 31, 2020): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/lj-03-2020-34.

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5

Rohatynska, N. Z. "CRIMINALITY IN FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY." Scientific notes of Taurida National V.I. Vernadsky University. Series: Juridical Sciences 6 (2019): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32838/2707-0581/2019.6/26.

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6

EFREMOVA, E. I. "AUDIT OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 4, no. 4 (2021): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.04.04.028.

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Audit plays an important role and is a control mechanism for further reducing the risks and risks of bank-ruptcy of the enterprise. Currently, one of the most important areas in the activities of any state is foreign economic, which includes export and import relations with external states, which requires detailed control and certain audit procedures. To conduct an audit of this type of activity, it is required to use regulatory and audit procedures and mechanisms that are not used in other industries. This article will discuss the main stages and features of conducting, problems and aspects of regulating the audit of foreign economic activity.

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7

Seisekenova, M., M. Kasseinova, S. Abdykalyk, and B. Gussenov. "FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN THE REGION." Statistika, učet i audit 81, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.51579/1563-2415.2021-2.08.

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The article discusses the theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of integration processes and their practical testing. One of the most important areas for im-proving the efficiency of production and the country's economy is the development of foreign eco-nomic activity in the region. The activities of the foreign trade operations on the regional level implies economic benefits in the future. Establishing international business relations is necessary in order to increase the volume of exports, and as a result, companies receive more profit. State participation in the development of foreign economic activity in the region is to create favorable conditions for its development at the national (system of support and regulation of foreign eco-nomic activity) and interstate (in the framework of cooperation with foreign countries and partic-ipation in international organizations and forums) levels.

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8

Bondar, Iuliia, and Tatiana Doroshenko. "ЕКОНОМІЧНА БЕЗПЕКА ПІДПРИЄМСТВА ЯК ФАКТОР ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ЗОВНІШНЬОЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ." Development of Management and Entrepreneurship Methods on Transport (ONMU) 78, no. 1 (2022): 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31375/2226-1915-2022-1-70-82.

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The article proves that the importance of foreign economic activity for domestic enterprises and the need to ensure their economic security determine the urgency of the transition to security-oriented management of foreign economic activity. The essence of the concept of «economic security» is analyzed and it is determined that it is a rather broad concept that should be considered as a process of more efficient use of its production and economic resources and entrepreneurial capabilities. set goals and objectives in accordance with his chosen development stra-tegy. The level of economic security of the enterprise is studied and it is determined that it depends on how effectively its management and specialists will be able to avoid possible threats and eliminate the harmful effects of certain negative components of the external and internal environment. It is determined that the purpose of economic security of the enterprise is to guarantee its stable and most efficient operation in the present and high potential for future development. The mechanism of economic security management, which depends on the scope of the enterprise, providing corporate resources and opportunities to implement basic measures to maintain its proper level as a whole and its main structural elements, as well as the mechanism of economic security of foreign economic activity is an effective element of economic security. The list of tools (models) for ensu-ring the economic security of foreign economic activity, which relate to the mechanism of economic security management of foreign economic activity of the enterprise. The place of economic security of entrepreneurship in the security system of the national economy is determined.It should be noted that the universal tools to ensure a high level of economic security of the enterprise include: organizational and managerial measures, technical support, control and systematic monitoring of indicators of its individual structural elements and economic security of the enterprise as a whole. Keywords: enterprise management, economic security, foreign economic activity, instruments of the mechanism of economic security, models.

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9

Yanyshyn, Ya. "Logistical support of foreign economic activity." Vìsnik Lʹvìvsʹkogo nacìonalʹnogo agrarnogo unìversitetu. Ekonomìka APK 27 (December 1, 2020): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31734/economics2020.27.048.

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10

Demchenko, I., and N. Trusova. "REGULATORY REGULATION OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY." Scientific papers OF DMYTRO MOTORNYI TAVRIA STATE AGROTECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (ECONOMIC SCIENCES) 42 (2020): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31388/2519-884x-2020-42-108-112.

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11

Mukan, O., L. Hanas, and Y. Tsyb. "Formation of corporate strategy by the enterprise engaged in foreign economic activity." Economics, Entrepreneurship, Management 5, no. 2 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/eem2018.02.001.

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12

Rudnichenko, Yevheny Mykolaiovych, Nataliia Ivanivna Havlovska, and Sergey Yosypovych Yadukha. "IMPLEMENTATION OF MANAGERIAL INNOVATIONS IN THE SYSTEM OF PROVIDING ECONOMIC SECURITY FOR SUBJECTS OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY." SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN OF POLISSIA 1, no. 1(13) (2018): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2410-9576-2018-1-1(13)-88-94.

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13

Rybakova, Tetiana. "Financial levers of foreign economic activity regulation." University Economic Bulletin, no. 39 (December 21, 2018): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2018-39-151-156.

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Relevance of research topic. One of the features of foreign economic activity is vulnerability because of fluctuations of the global market environment, which requires the use of mechanisms for its regulation using financial instruments, methods and leverage. Formulation of the problem. Effective regulation of foreign economic activity, which would correspond to its actual goals and objectives, requires the formation of financial regulatory levers system. Analysis of recent research and publications. The issues of financial mechanism and financial regulation functioning today are the subject of detailed research in the professional scientific literature on finance. Scientific interest is also caused by studies of modern financial regulatory mechanisms in various areas of the national economy, in particular, regulation in the sphere of foreign economic activity. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. Nowadays there is no consensus on the essence of financial leverage, its features and place in the structure of the financial mechanism. There is a lack of research on the problems of using financial levers within the framework of the mechanism for regulating foreign economic activity. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. Classification of financial levers of foreign economic activity regulation and specification of their composition as to methods and instruments of regulation. Method or methodology for conducting research. The system and structural approach, the method of logical analysis, the method of comparison were used. Presentation of the main material (results of work). In the paper the importance of applying financial levers in foreign economic activity regulation is grounded. Based on the essence of financial regulation, the structure of the financial mechanism, the goals and composition of the system of foreign economic activity financial regulation, the classification of financial levers for its regulation has been proposed. Directions of financial levers actions, forms of levers implementation, methods of regulation, and levels of regulation are highlighted as classification signs. In the framework of the proposed classification by regulation methods, a set of financial levers is presented in relation to the corresponding methods and instruments for foreign economic activity regulation. The field of application of results. Research of foreign economic activity financial regulation problems, educational process (in the preparation of the relevant sections of textbooks and tutorials for courses “Finance”, “Foreign Trade”). Conclusions according to the article. The specific features of financial levers of foreign economic activity regulation are their multi-level influence on it, orientation at obtaining strengthening or retaining effect in accordance with the goals the state sets in the sphere of foreign economic activity regulation. Each lever is used within the relevant regulatory instruments and putting them in motion, and is aimed at the implementation of the regulatory action. Financial levers of regulation are interconnected into a single system and should be used comprehensively in foreign economic activity regulation.

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14

Shilenko, S. I., and M. V. Emelianova. "ORGANIZATIONS’ FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT DIRECTIONS." Herald of the Belgorod University of Cooperation, Economics and Law, no. 2 (2016): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21295/2223-5639-2016-2-146-156.

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15

Yevtushenko, V. A., V. I. Liashevska, and Y. V. Tokar. "The Methodological Basics of Foreign Economic Activity." Business Inform 11, no. 502 (November 2019): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2019-11-49-53.

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16

Demchenko, I. "FINANCIAL-CREDIT MECHANISM OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY." Scientific papers OF TAVRIA STATE AGROTECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (ECONOMIC SCIENCES) 37 (2018): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31388/2519-884x-2018-37-5-12.

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17

FLISSAK, Kostyantyn. "Poland's investment priorities in foreign economic activity." Fìnansi Ukraïni 2020, no. 12 (December 24, 2020): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33763/finukr2020.12.043.

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18

Farrukh, Ibragimov. "Improving the foreign-economic activity of entrepreneurs." ACADEMICIA: AN INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH JOURNAL 11, no. 2 (2021): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7137.2021.00370.0.

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19

Rybakova, Tetiana. "The instruments of currency regulation of foreign economic activity." University Economic Bulletin, no. 47 (December 17, 2020): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2020-47-127-135.

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Relevance of research topic. In conditions of the high-level export-oriented national economy of Ukraine, the importance of foreign trade and monetary policy research including the development of currency regulation becomes especially relevant. The need for a system of currency regulation based on the principles of liberalization, which corresponds to both the general economic situation in Ukraine and global trends, requires special attention to studying the instruments of currency regulation. Analysis of recent research and publications. Among the most studied aspects of regulating currency relations should be noted: the theoretical fundamentals of international monetary and financial relations, state regulation of the economy, international regulation of monetary relations, liberalization of international monetary relations, the current state and prospects of development of currency regulation in Ukraine and the monetary and financial mechanism of foreign economic activity. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. Due to the global challenges and the constant evolution of monetary and financial relations, as well as the modernization of the system of currency regulation in Ukraine, the peculiarities of formation and application of the instruments of currency regulation of foreign economic activity require a more detailed study. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. To analyze the modern instruments of currency regulation of foreign economic activity and the peculiarities of their use in Ukraine. Method or methodology for conducting research. System and structural approach, method of logical analysis, statistical method, method of graphic analysis, method of comparison, method of structuring. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The paper describes approaches to the definition of currency regulation of foreign economic activity. Its place in the economic system of the state is considered. The system of instruments and levers of currency regulation of foreign economic activity is proposed based on direct and indirect regulation. The use of instruments of currency regulation of foreign economic activity in Ukraine in the modern conditions of currency regulation system liberalization is characterized. The field of application of results. Educational process (in the preparation of the relevant sections of textbooks and tutorials for courses “International Economics”, “Global Economics”, “Finance”). Conclusions according to the article. Analysis of the essence and approaches to the definition of currency regulation of foreign economic activity allows considering it as an instrument of currency policy and an integral part of foreign economic policy, state regulation of the economy, financial regulation of foreign economic activity. Indirect and direct currency regulations define its regulatory and control functions. Thereafter the exchange rate and currency transactions should be considered as the main instruments of currency regulation of foreign economic activity. The corresponding regulation levers are triggering the instruments of currency regulation of foreign economic activity. The levers of currency transactions instrument are rules of trade in currency values, currency restrictions, rules of administrating the foreign exchange proceeds of business entities. The levers of the exchange rate instrument are exchange rate regimes, devaluation/revaluation, foreign exchange interventions, foreign exchange reserves diversification. A new currency regulation system that provides the significant liberalization of currency transactions and capital movements was launched in Ukraine in 2019. According to it the concept of foreign exchange control as a repressive mechanism will be removed from the legislation, and a system of currency supervision will be introduced instead. The priority of less discriminatory instruments of currency regulation is also defined. Thus, it can be argued that the considered instruments of currency regulation of foreign economic activity reflect the trends of Ukraine's integration into the world financial and economic system.

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20

KARACHYNA, NATALIA, OLENA SMETANIUK, ANNA VITIUK, and DARIA MUKOID. "DIAGNOSTIC OF EFFICIENCY OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University 294, no. 3 (March 2021): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2021-294-3-16.

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The article is dedicated to solving the scientific task of generalizing theoretical and methodological approaches to detecting the efficiency of foreign economic activity in modern economic conditions, depending on goals and expectations of the stakeholders. The analysis of works of domestic research scientists on the concept essence of efficiency of foreign economic activity has shown the need to study it as an integrated category that characterizes the enterprise’s potential and level of achieving foreign economic activity goals. It has been proven in the article that amidst business internationalization, the successful development of foreign economic activity of an enterprise is determined by its ability to solve the issues of accurately assessing the results of such an activity and increasing its efficiency. Thus, the efficiency of foreign economic activity of an enterprise needs to be detected based on the actual efficiency of separate operations (separate directions) of foreign economic activity and in comparison with the set goals that have to do with each separate operation (separate direction). Considering the fact that the efficiency of foreign economic activity is a relative concept, the factors that influence the formation of income and expenditure have been studied, as well as the need for an enterprise to respond flexibly to the change of these factors, as it has direct influence on the results of its economic activity. The critical analysis of approaches to assessing the efficiency of foreign economic activity has revealed that there usually tend to be two directions: the efficiency of export-import operations and the overall efficiency of foreign economic activity, that directly depend on the absolute profit value, however, this does not take into account the fact that foreign economic activity is tightly connected with other areas of an enterprise, which do not have a clear financial expression, and, thus, are ignored in such approaches. The expediency of using methods of complex diagnostic of foreign economic activity, which provides a choice of an optimal way of entering the foreign market and prolonging its effective functioning there, has been substantiated. It is noted that the diagnostic of the efficiency of foreign economic activity is a process of identification and analytical assessment of the influence that different factors have on foreign economic activity of an enterprise in order to reveal and solve all the existing and probable problems in the field of maintenance and performance of particular actions (stages) of entering foreign (international) markets and ensuring sustainable functioning there. Based on the conducted analysis, diagnostic of the efficiency of foreign economic activity is suggested to be carried out in 3 stages (informational and analytical support stage, analytical and calculation stage and management stage) and the content of each stage is revealed.

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21

Lavryk, Oleksandr, and Kostyantyn Kotlyar. "ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF THE ENTERPRISE." Economic Analysis, no. 28(4) (2018): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2018.04.200.

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Introduction. The research considers theoretical and methodological aspects of the analysis of the foreign economic activity of the enterprise, the analysis of the environment and the results of foreign economic activity and the development of directions for improving the analytical support of the foreign economic activity of the enterprise in modern conditions. The content and peculiarities of the foreign economic activity of the enterprise are considered in the article. The description of the methods of quantitative analysis of the foreign economic activity of the enterprise is given. The methods of qualitative analysis of the foreign economic activity of the enterprise are investigated. Purpose. There are aims to research the theoretical and methodological aspects of the analysis of the foreign economic activity of the enterprise, the analysis of the environment and results of foreign economic activity and the development of directions for improving the analytical support of foreign economic activity in modern conditions. Method (methodology). The estimation and analysis methods of risks and financing efficiency, the estimation of financial and economic performance, statistical methods have been used to solve the tasks of the research. Results. The project proposes the use of competitive intelligence tools in the world markets as a way of improving the analytical support of foreign economic activity of company. The directions of using Big Data software tools for studying the world markets of agro products have been developed. The effectiveness of the proposed measures has been substantiated.

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22

Voronova, O. V., A. S. Liashchuk, S. A. Smirnova, and M. E. Belokurova. "Congress and exhibition activity as a field of foreign economic activity." Scientific bulletin of the Southern Institute of Management, no. 4 (January 28, 2020): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31775/2305-3100-2019-4-103-108.

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This article discusses congress and exhibition activities as a field of foreign economic activity in the context of the development of business activity and the attractiveness of the Russian Federation as a venue for major international events of various kinds.The congress and exhibition industry is a dynamically developing field, which is constantly looking for new opportunities to attract and retain consumers of services. This area has a great influence on the economic component, in connection with which companies need to constantly work on the quality of the services provided in order to be competitive in the market.During the study, the basic concepts in the congress and exhibition industry, its impact on various fields of activity, regional and global economics, the main formats of events, the impact of the congress and exhibition industry during events of various sizes on the development and implementation of innovative solutions conducive to development of the city, region and country as a whole, as well as methods for determining the effectiveness of the congress and exhibition event are disclosed.The study revealed that the preparation and holding of congress and exhibition events affects various areas of activity, including economic and political, since these events are an incentive for the emergence of mutually beneficial international cooperation, which, in turn, contributes to the formation of the country as a center of attraction for business community.

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23

Gorokhova, A. E. "Analysis of foreign experience in managing foreign economic activity of SMEs." Scientific notes of the Russian academy of entrepreneurship 20, no. 3 (October 5, 2021): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24182/2073-6258-2021-20-3-128-138.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of foreign experience in managing the foreign economic activity of small and medium-sized enterprises. The author draws attention to how it is possible to use foreign best practices in managing a company entering foreign markets. It is determined that internationalization can be used as an opportunity to diversify the sources of income for export–oriented companies. Some approaches to expanding the international participation of SMEs are considered: the traditional approach; the approach of «companies born of globalization»; the concept of «revived by globalization»; an approach to participation in global value chains.

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24

Gorokhova, A. E. "Analysis of foreign experience in managing foreign economic activity of SMEs." Scientific notes of the Russian academy of entrepreneurship 20, no. 3 (October 5, 2021): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24182/2073-6258-2021-20-3-128-138.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of foreign experience in managing the foreign economic activity of small and medium-sized enterprises. The author draws attention to how it is possible to use foreign best practices in managing a company entering foreign markets. It is determined that internationalization can be used as an opportunity to diversify the sources of income for export–oriented companies. Some approaches to expanding the international participation of SMEs are considered: the traditional approach; the approach of «companies born of globalization»; the concept of «revived by globalization»; an approach to participation in global value chains.

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25

Azarenkova, Galyna, Olena Golovko, Kateryna Oryekhova, and Sergii Yavorsky. "Implementation of strategic analysis methods to choose a development strategy for the enterprise’s foreign economic activity." Geopolitics under Globalization 3, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/gg.03(1).2020.01.

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The article considers stages and methods of strategic management of the enterprise’s foreign economic activity. PEST analysis, SWOT analysis and SPACE analysis of foreign economic activity are used on the basis of a particular enterprise. PEST analysis has highlighted political and legal, economic, social and technological factors influencing the foreign economic activity of the analyzed enterprise. SWOT analysis has allowed identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the enterprise. SPACE analysis has revealed that in the absence of growth in the services market, the use of a strategy for the enterprise diversification is acceptable. This strategy involves the creation and development of new services. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly monitor the activity of the enterprise in the international economic environment.

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26

Radzhabova, Z. K., O. R. Radzhabov, M. M. Osmanov, T. G. Aygumov, G. A. Emirova, and S. Z. Khidirova. "Government Regulation of Foreign Economic Activity in Russia: Legal and Economic Aspects." International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 10 (December 31, 2020): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.21.

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The paper assesses the fact that in the current conditions of globalization, any national economy is becoming more open, and therefore the state should take into account in its trade and economic policy the consistent relationship between the processes occurring within the economy and in the sphere of foreign economic relations. The state also acts as the organizer of the system of servicing foreign economic relations and achieving internal economic equilibrium, and finances this activity from budgetary funds. This system is branched in its nature, covering such areas of activity as the provision of information and consulting services, and organization of advertising and exhibition work; it also helps to increase the efficiency of foreign economic activity, introducing new participants to it. The authors conclude that in order to maintain domestic economic balance, the state should strengthen its influence on imports in order to maintain domestic producers and without depriving them of competition from foreign goods at the same time.

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27

YAKUSHEV, A. Zh, A. B. LANCHAKOV, S. A. FILIN, D. P. SOROKA, and I. BATSAIKHAN. "MANAGEMENT OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF THE ORGANIZATION." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 2, no. 9 (2021): 14–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.09.02.002.

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The article analyzes the problems of improving the efficiency of managing the foreign economic activity of an organization, which lead to the need to change the algorithm of making a managerial decision on the development of its foreign economic activity. The main indicators and factors under which the organization is able to enter foreign markets are analyzed; the features, directions and risks of the organization's international activities are analyzed. The organizational and economic model of managing the foreign economic activity of the organization and the algorithm for making a management decision on the development of such activities are developed. Recommendations for improving the efficiency of work in this area are proposed.

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KLEPIKOVA, Svitlana, Mariia YATSYNA, and Olena DRUHOVA. "Peculiarities of foreign economic activity management of enterprises." Economics. Finances. Law 11, no. - (November 26, 2021): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2021.11.3.

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Introduction. The paper is devoted to the problems of research of features and modern mechanisms of economic regulation of foreign economic activity of enterprises in Ukraine. The purpose of the paper is to improve the scientific and methodological basis for stimulating the development of foreign economic activity of enterprises and substantiation of the theoretical foundations of foreign economic activity of enterprises in order to further their development in the today's globalized world. Results. It is determined that one of the problems of foreign economic activity of enterprises is the problem of inefficient management system, lack of strategic and marketing approaches to enterprise management, and enterprises more often use the technique of short-term adaptation. An enterprise focused on the development of foreign economic activity should develop approaches to improve international marketing, especially in terms of making effective management decisions based on the processing of a significant amount of information data and assessing the factors of the international market environment. The main condition for the adaptation of enterprises to the rapidly changing external environment may be the formation of a system of strategic planning, which provides a more rational use of limited resources, promotes consistent development and implementation of management decisions, focuses on sustainable development in market conditions. The management staff should clearly formulate the principles of strategic research in order to intensify foreign trade in industrial enterprises, and most importantly – formed a marketing strategy for foreign trade. The main means of increasing the potential of foreign economic activity of enterprises are the formation of such economic conditions that would allow due to modernization of production to increase domestic production and services, introduce innovative technologies. Conclusion. In order to improve the foreign economic activity of Ukrainian enterprises, it is proposed to implement a policy aimed at increasing merchandise exports by introducing innovative developments to improve the quality of domestic products, which must meet international norms and standards necessary to create a sufficient level of competitiveness in domestic markets.

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Kondratenko, N. O., I. A. Ternova, and T. M. Kolesnyk. "The Theoretic-Methodical Aspects in Management of Foreign Economic Activity of Ukrainian Economic Entities." Business Inform 2, no. 517 (2021): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-2-21-26.

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The article examines the theoretic-methodical aspects of management of foreign economic activity by economic entities in Ukraine. It is specified that foreign economic activity has a huge impact on the development of all world countries. The practice of recent decades justifies the expediency of expanding the participation of all countries in various forms of international business and cooperation. From this point of view, all globalization processes are consistent, since the economic interdependence of countries in terms of solving economic and social issues increases year after year. As to their content, the methods of management of foreign economic activity be identified similar to the main functions of management: planning, motivation, control, organization, regulation. They are divided into economic, administrative, social, psychological, technological, legal methods, which act in practice by means of certain instruments. It is noted that when planning foreign economic activity, the operational determination of problematic issues arising during the activities of the economic entity allows to quickly respond to changes in both the internal and the external environment of the enterprise business conduct. Also, it is important to have separate units at the enterprises for carrying out controlling of foreign economic activity; analysis of the processes of planning and accounting of the major indicators of foreign economic activity, which will provide an opportunity to solve existing economic and organizational problems, eliminate disparities in planning and obstacles within the information collection systems, to form a group of indicators of foreign economic activity of the economic entity, etc. It is concluded that achieving the efficiency of foreign economic activity management should, first of all, be based on the adaptation of the enterprise to the requirements of the international market and the prompt definition of problematic issues that arise during the activity, which allows to quickly respond to changes both in the internal and external environment of conducting business and in the conditions for foreign economic activity.

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30

OVESHNIKOVA, LYUDMILA V., and ELENA V. SIBIRSKAYA. "FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF A MACROREGION AS AN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY THAT CONTRIBUTES TO REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND FAVORABLE CONDITIONS FOR ATTRACTING INVESTMENT." Scientific Works of the Free Economic Society of Russia 228, no. 2 (2021): 424–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.38197/2072-2060-2021-228-2-424-450.

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The foreign economic activity of macroregions acts as a form of competition, ьallows the use of economies of scale, expands the access of regional producers and consumers to world resources and markets, becomes an incentive for economic activity and an instrument for implementing the strategy of territorial development. The article studies the spatial characteristics and foreign economic potential of the Central Black Earth macroregion. The effectiveness of foreign trade activities of the macroregion is analyzed, the competitive positions of the foreign economic complex of the subjects of the Chernozem region are revealed. Particular attention is paid to attracting foreign capital and the development of innovative projects in the macro-region, as factors of economic activity and the expansion of foreign economic activity. The analysis made it possible to highlight the problems and determine the priority areas for ensuring the foreign trade self-sufficiency of the macroregion, which include the development of transport infrastructure, improving the investment climate, increasing the export potential, establishment of international cooperation in innovative projects of the macroregion.

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BURLUTSKYI, Serhii, Svitlana BURLUTSKA, and Tamara BEREZIANKO. "THE EXPORT DETERMINANT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC RESILIENCE IN FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY." Journal of Life Economics 6, no. 4 (October 30, 2019): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15637/jlecon.6.025.

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Diakov, O. "ECONOMIC SECURITY OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS: EVALUATION ALGORITHM." Scientific papers OF DMYTRO MOTORNYI TAVRIA STATE AGROTECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (ECONOMIC SCIENCES) 40 (2019): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31388/2519-884x-2019-40-122-127.

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Мінеєв, Владислав Сергійович. "MAIN INDICATORS OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF ENTERPRISES." Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Actual problems of Ukrainian society development, no. 1 (December 28, 2019): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2227-6890.2019.01.19.

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Rybakova, Tetiana. "Mechanism of financial regulation of business entities foreign economic activity." University Economic Bulletin, no. 51 (December 21, 2021): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2021-51-128-136.

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Relevance of research topic. In modern conditions of globalization and strengthening the international integration processes, the enterprises foreign economic activity (FEA) acquires strategic importance for their further development. Formulation of the problem. Today, one of the problems facing business entities in their foreign economic activity is the lack of an effective mechanism for its financial regulation. Taking into account the leading role of financial and economic factors in the management of the foreign economic activity, such a mechanism would allow enterprises to implement effectively their foreign economic strategy and improve their competitive positions in the foreign markets. Analysis of recent research and publications. The problems of financial mechanisms and financial regulation are the subject of research in the professional scientific literature on the theory of finance. Certain issues related to the financial regulation of enterprises’ foreign economic activity are studied in scientific papers on foreign economic activity, financial management, foreign economic activity management, strategic management of the foreign economic activity. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. A thorough study must be conducted on the specifics of financial regulation of foreign economic activity at the level of business entities, as well as on the creation and functioning of a financial self-regulation mechanism in foreign economic activity. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. Developing a mechanism of financial regulation of business entities foreign economic activity, and studying its components, taking into account the peculiarities of financial regulation of foreign economic activity at the micro-level. Method or methodology for conducting research. System and structural approach, method of logical analysis, method of graphic analysis, method of comparison, method of structuring. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The paper substantiates the feasibility of creating a separate mechanism on the enterprises carrying out foreign economic activity, aimed at its financial regulation. Based on the analysis of the domestic legal framework and scientific research on foreign economic activity and enterprise finances, the features of financial regulation of business entities foreign economic activity are determined, which should be taken into account when building an appropriate mechanism. The mechanism of financial regulation of business entities foreign economic activity is developed and its components are investigated. The field of application of results. Scientific research of the problems of financial regulation of business entities foreign economic activity, the educational process (in the preparation of the relevant sections of textbooks and tutorials for courses "Finance", "Foreign economic activity"). Conclusions according to the article. When forming the mechanism of financial regulation of business entities foreign economic activity, the peculiarities of such a regulation at the business entities level should be taken into account. The structure of the mechanism of financial regulation of business entities foreign economic activity is built based on its belonging to the general mechanism of enterprise management, the mechanism of foreign economic activity management, the financial mechanism of enterprises, and the monetary-financial mechanism of foreign economic activity. The structure includes financial management of business entity foreign economic activity as a set of target, functional, providing, and management subsystems, as well as a subsystem of financial levers through which the influences on foreign economic activity are made, and a direct regulation subsystem. Along with the key role of state regulation, the enterprises’ managers must make and implement independent decisions, develop their own systems of financial regulation of foreign economic activity at the corporate level.

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OVCHARENKO, N. A., L. N. ISACHKOVA, and T. N. SIDORENKO. "CHOICE OF CUSTOMS PROCEDURES IN FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 2, no. 9 (2020): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2020.09.02.004.

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The article reflects customs procedures and the importance of their choice for participants in foreign economic activity. The authors noted the impact of state regulation on international trade and foreign economic activity, on replenishment of budget revenues and replenishment of the domestic market with a variety of goods, machinery, equipment and vehicles. The choice of the customs procedure and its documentation have a significant impact on the real economic benefits of the participants in the customs operation.

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Surzhenko, N. "MANAGEMENT OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF DOMESTIC ENTERPRISES." Scientific papers OF DMYTRO MOTORNYI TAVRIA STATE AGROTECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (ECONOMIC SCIENCES) 43 (2021): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31388/2519-884x-2021-43-100-105.

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Shmatkovska, Tetiana, and Lesya Halas. "FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES IN UKRAINE." European Journal of Economics and Management 7, no. 2 (2021): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.46340/eujem.2021.7.2.1.

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Banchuk-Petrosova, O. V. "FEATURES OF STATE REGULATION OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY." "Scientific Notes of Taurida V.I. Vernadsky University", series "Public Administration", no. 6 (2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32838/tnu-2663-6468/2021.6/01.

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Lyuba, Oksana. "The evolution and essence of foreign economic activity as a base of socio-economic development of the Power." Herald of Economics, no. 4 (March 16, 2022): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2021.04.087.

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Introduction. The article is devoted to foreign economic activity research, namely: the definition and interpretation of the concept of «foreign economic activity» and a study of historical aspects of its development. The importance of the study is enhanced by the emergence of discussions about the definition of this concept.The aim. The purpose of the article is to explore the concept of «foreign economic activity» the study and improvement of the main historical stages of its development.Methods of the research. The following research methods are used in the article. General scientific methods such as analysis, synthesis, systematic analysis that provide an opportunity for improvement and clarifying the content of the foreign economic activity. The historical method provides an opportunity to study the main stages of occurrence of foreign economic activity in chronological order.Results. The level of development of any power in the modern world directly depends on its foreign economic activity. It is shown that for the entire period of formation of the Ukrainian state (from the times of Kievan Rus to the present), the foreign economic activity has passed a difficult way of development. The evolution from the trade relations form to international activity took place during this way with the distinct list of object and business entities. It is improved and supplemented the historical stages of the emergence of foreign economic activity in Ukraine. The concept of «foreign economic activity» is described and justified.Prospects. The study results made it possible to gradually reproduce the development of foreign economic activity in a historical sequence. However, the concept of «foreign economic activity» needs further research and clarification, as there are significant differences in its definition by the scientific community and existing Ukrainian legislation.

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Yakovleva, Avgustina S., and Elena G. Lyubovtseva. "THREATS TO ENSURE ECONOMIC SECURITY IN THE FIELD OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY." Oeconomia et Jus, no. 4 (December 29, 2020): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2499-9636-2020-4-49-57.

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Federal budget revenues from foreign economic activities have recently tended to decline. In the context of the coronavirus pandemic and increasing payments from the federal budget to support the most affected sectors of the economy and the population, the issues of ensuring sustainability of the income base become most pressing. Methods of statistical analysis were used to explore the topic of research. The article analyzes the dynamics and structure of revenues from foreign economic activity. Analysis of foreign trade turnover is carried out. The increasing role of value-added tax on goods imported into the country with a decrease in export customs duties is revealed. The illegal, including criminal, foreign economic activity causes significant damage to the national interests in the sphere of the economy, acting as one of the most serious threats to the economic security of Russia, as evidenced by the statistics of criminal cases initiated on customs offenses and the amount of additional accrued customs payments. The study concludes on the need to improve inter-country cooperation on customs issues to prevent possible threats to the economic security of the country.

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Belova, Iryna, Olha Zavytiy, and Nataliia Semenyshena. "Theoretical aspects of foreign economic activity of institutional units in Ukraine." Economic discourse, no. 2 (June 2019): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36742/2410-0919-2019-2-6.

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Introduction. The research is devoted to the genesis, determination of definitions, theoretical aspects of the development of foreign economic activity of institutional units and tendencies of its normative and legal regulation. Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the works of leading scientists on foreign economic activity, legislative and regulatory documents that regulate the foreign economic activity of institutional units. The following scientific methods were used in the process of research: induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis - during theoretical generalizations, formation of relevant conclusions; bibliographic - research of literary sources to obtain necessary information on the topic of research the method of associations and analogies - for the proposed new ideas and suggestions that arise on the basis of comparison with other more or less similar objects. Results. The article explores theoretical and organizational and practical principles of defining the essence of the concepts of “foreign economic activity” and "foreign economic relations” in the current conditions of economic development. The types of such activities are considered and it is concluded that state regulation of foreign economic activity in Ukraine under conditions of liberalization should facilitate the establishment and development of foreign economic relations of the institutional units of the country with foreign counterparties. Discussion. Prospects for further research see the study of international experience in conducting foreign economic activity and foreign economic relations and the mechanism of state regulation of foreign economic activity of institutional units. Keywords: foreign economic activity, economic activity, foreign economic operation, export, import, foreign entities, world market.

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FURSOVA, Viktoriia, Nelia KARATSEVA, and Maryna RUBAN. "Classification of factors influencing the foreign economic activity of enterprises." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 12/1 (December 28, 2019): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2019.12(1).2.

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Introduction. While providing foreign economic activity, enterprises have many problems, which can lead to loss of their financial stability and even bankruptcy. That is why, especially in periods of crisis it is very important to identify factors that affect the efficiency of foreign economic activity of companies. The purpose of the work is to systematize the modern researches and to improve the classification of factors influencing the foreign economic activity of economic entities to ensure their sustainable development. Results. The article is devoted to the study of the factors influencing the foreign economic activity of enterprise. Based on the systematization of the views of the majority of authors, it was determined that today there is no generally accepted classification of factors affecting foreign economic activity. Most researchers divide impacts on foreign economic activity on the external and internal, the difference is only in the number and types of factors. Due to the critical analysis of the modern researches, the authors identified a number of advantages and disadvantages in the classifications of factors affecting foreign economic activity. According to the results of the study, a classification of factors of influence on foreign economic activity is proposed, which contains 5 criteria: source of origin, management capability, type of foreign economic activity, the specificity of the impact, the nature of the impact on foreign economic activity effectiveness. Conclusion. Other classification criteria such as time lag, degree of predictability, coverage, etc. should also be taken into account by management during the formulating a strategy for the development of foreign economic activity enterprises, but these characteristics do not reveal the specifics of foreign economic activity of economic entities. The proposed classification can be the basis for further research, that identified the types of risks of foreign economic activity. The generalization and systematization of the theoretical foundations on this issue is of practical value and will help to identify the main ways of forming an effective strategy for the development of enterprises in foreign markets.

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Gussenov, B. "GLOBALIZATION AS A FACTOR OF IMPROVING KAZAKHSTAN'S FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY." Statistika, učet i audit 83, no. 4 (December 9, 2021): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.51579/1563-2415.2021-4.06.

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Currently, the importance of foreign economic activity for the enterprise cannot be underestimated. Kazakhstani enterprises cannot consider the foreign market only as another sales market, because there are qualitative differences in the development and condition of domestic and foreign markets, characteristic of all developing countries. When the domestic market lags behind in its development (including the level of products) and infrastructure from foreign markets, foreign economic activity can have the greatest impact on the growth and development of the enterprise. For effective foreign economic activity, an enterprise must have high levels of management, knowledge and competencies of personnel, the quality of resources used, etc. Moreover, it becomes possible and necessary to manage the level of these characteristics, and, consequently, the efficiency of foreign economic activity and the efficiency of the enterprise's development through the choice of the host country. Thus, foreign economic activity occupies a special place in the production and economic activity of any enterprise.

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Derbenova, Yana, Antonina Artemenko, Victor Malyarevsky, Volodymyr Tsaruk, and Kristina Yurchenko. "PUBLIC DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY TAKING INTO ACCOUNT REGIONAL FEATURES." Problems of Innovation and Investment Development, no. 27 (December 21, 2021): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33813/2224-1213.27.2021.3.

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The aim of the article is to analyze the directions of public management of foreign economic activity in Ukraine and to determine the regional features of the organization of foreign economic activity. The research methodology included the use of general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, specification, classification) and special (system-structural research, economic analysis). The scientific novelty of the obtained results is to establish the need for public management of foreign economic activity in the context of regional features as an important aspect of foreign economic policy of the region. Conclusions. The article clarifies that it is expedient to consider public administration as an organizing and regulating influence of the state on the social life of people in order to organize, preserve or transform it, based on the power that limits effective social control. It is established that the foreign economic relations of any country should be regulated by the state and regulated by the public. It is determined that some regions have certain features of development and specialization, and therefore have different export potential, and the state of foreign economic activity of the region depends on its implementation. The main goals of regional foreign economic activity are: support and development of existing forms and directions of foreign economic policy; development of new forms of foreign economic activity; formation and development of foreign economic infrastructure; attracting both national and foreign investments; development of export potential of regions; increasing the competitiveness of regions as a necessary prerequisite for their international integration. Keywords: export, imports, public administration, foreign economic activity, foreign economic policy, region.

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Batyuk, R. "Methodological approaches to efficiency evaluation foreign economic activity agricultural enterprises." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 23, no. 98 (December 23, 2021): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-e9801.

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The article is devoted to topical issues of development of existing and establishment of new approaches to the methodology of assessing the effectiveness of foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises with the subsequent formation of strategies for its development. Thanks to the successful operation of domestic agricultural enterprises in foreign markets and effective and fruitful cooperation with foreign partners, economic growth of the country as a whole is achieved. Therefore, in modern economic conditions, the increase in foreign economic activity requires a thorough methodological approach to assessing the effectiveness of foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises. The theoretical and methodological basis of research were the works of leading domestic and foreign economists and the work of leading analysts on the problems and methodology of modeling foreign economic activity, comprehensive approaches based on a combination of economic analysis and methods of economic and mathematical modeling. The following research methods were used in solving the tasks: monographic, analysis and synthesis, expert evaluations, deduction method and abstract-logical. In order to implement the organizational and economic mechanism for determining the foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises, we propose to use a universal method of foreign economic activity analysis and at the micro level in order to compare the obtained calculations to assess trends in the development of foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises. If an agricultural enterprise is engaged in both exports and imports, then to assess its performance in the foreign market for a certain period can be calculated integrated indicators of foreign trade, which provide for the comparability of results achieved for the whole set of export-import operations at full cost. The initial methodological basis for assessing and analyzing the foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises should be a systematic analysis and a comprehensive, dialectical approach, which necessitates the study of individual elements and the system as a whole in constant motion, change, in the process of constant renewal. This is important not only for understanding the essence of economic categories but also for formulating conclusions on their practical application, making management decisions at different levels of the hierarchical management system in the agricultural sector of Ukraine. The practical significance of the results of the study lies in the substantiation of the methodology, which allows to calculate and fully assess the effectiveness of foreign economic activity of any agricultural enterprise.

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Сичевський, Віталій Іванович, and Віталія Вячеславівна Скриль. "Improvement of foreign economic activity of «Planet of equipment» LLC." ЕКОНОМІКА І РЕГІОН Науковий вісник, no. 1(72) (June 24, 2019): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/eir.2019.1(72).1442.

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At the present stage many Ukrainian enterprises are actively involved in foreign trade, which is important. However, the lack of experience or inexperience of domestic enterprises in foreign markets requires a lot of efforts to implement it. The article considers consumer foreign economic activity of enterprises, elaborates the main preconditions and general recommendations for improvement of foreign economic activity of enterprises.

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Rozhenko, Oleksandra. "LEGAL REGULATION OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF ECONOMIC ENTITIES IN THE FIELD OF GRAIN GROWING IN UKRAINE: THEORETICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS." Law Journal of Donbass 77, no. 4 (2021): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32366/2523-4269-2021-77-4-101-109.

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The article examines the definition of the term "foreign economic activity", analyses the definitions of foreign economic activity as well as legislation and theory formed in connection with the emergence, as well as the history of this term. Based on the results of the analysis of the definition of the term "foreign economic activity", its advantages and fragmentation and incompleteness are formulated in separate definitions, the need to highlight its complexity and multi-segment is emphasized, which are the objects, criteria and analytical features of economic management at micro level and legal regulation at macro level in this area. The article revealed the composition of the elements of the system of legal regulation of foreign economic activity, which includes: types of foreign economic activity, methods of foreign economic regulation, tools to influence foreign economic activity, subjects of foreign economic activity in Ukraine. The non-exclusive importance of legal regulation of foreign economic activity of economic entities in the field of grain growing is substantiated, namely the strategic importance of grain in the process of ensuring economic security of the country, including food, the priority of the grain market, which is enshrined in law. Based on the analysis of the system of legal regulation of foreign economic activity, a systematic approach to the interpretation of the category "legal regulation of foreign economic activity in the field of grain growing" is proposed. Improvement and specification of the specific category in the field of grain growing will create the necessary conditions for increasing the efficiency of using the existing potential at macro and micro levels. The proposals were made to improve the current legislation by eliminating the identified shortcomings in the definition of the term category in the interpretation of the concept of "foreign economic activity", what will promote the development of the system of legal regulation of foreign economic activity in the field and achieving the goals of sustainable development of Ukraine in accordance with the National Report of the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine (2017), in particular, the legal regulation of investment insurance.

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Pavlikha, Nataliia, Оlena Zelinska, and Anastasiia Aliieva. "Foreign Economic Activity Activation of the Region in the Context of Euroregional Cooperation: Theoretical and Methodical Approaches." Economic and Regional Studies / Studia Ekonomiczne i Regionalne 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 429–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ers-2020-0031.

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SummarySubject and purpose of work: The subject of this paper concerns theoretical and methodological approaches to the analysis of foreign economic activity of the region in the context of Euroregional cooperation, which is an important factor of socio-economic development of the country. The main purpose is to identify such economic categories as “foreign economic activity activation of the region”, “organizational and economic mechanism activation of foreign economic activity of the region in the context of Euroregional cooperation” as well as to develop a methodological scheme for the diagnostics of foreign economic activity of regions in the context of Euroregional cooperation.Materials and methods: In order to clarify theoretical concepts and identify similarities and differences in their definitions, the method of morphological analysis was adopted. This made it possible to systematize different options in terms of their characteristics and create new, hypothetically possible objects. Hence the research methods, of comparison, theoretical generalization and data systematization, etc. were applied.Results: Some interpretations of the key definitions of the categories “foreign economic activity activation of the region”, “organizational and economic mechanism activation of foreign economic activity of the region in context of Euroregional cooperation” were worked out and methodical principles of analysis of foreign economic activity of the region were offered. Also, foreign economic activity diagnostics of regions in the context of Euroregional cooperation was carried out and interregional differences were defined. The results of the study can help derive recommendations for the introduction of foreign economic activity activation of the regions.Conclusions: On the basis of the evaluation of Ukraine’s foreign economic activity in terms of exports, imports and the trade balance in 2010-2019, three periods were identified: 2010-2012 – before the crisis, 2013-2015 – economic crisis and its consequences, and 2016-2019 – the period after the crisis recovery and of unstable developmental trends. Significant interregional differentiation in the levels of the development of foreign economic activity of the regions of Ukraine was revealed. The leading regions in terms of foreign economic activity have proved to be Kyiv city, Dnipropetrovsk and Donetsk regions.

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Zhuravlov, Dmytro, Ivan Lytvyn, Oleksandr Ilchenko, Ivan Yaromii, and Yuliia Lepekh. "ENSURING ECONOMIC SECURITY OF UKRAINE IN THE SPHERE OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY." Journal of Security and Sustainability Issues 10, no. 1 (September 30, 2020): 131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.9770/jssi.2020.10.1(10).

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Surzhikov, M. A., C. G. Abazieva, M. T. Belov, and S. N. Goncharova. "Social and Economic Diagnostics of Foreign Economic Activity of the Rostov Region." EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL XX, Issue 1 (November 1, 2017): 172–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35808/ersj/607.

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