Academic literature on the topic 'A contrario paradigm'
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Journal articles on the topic "A contrario paradigm"
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Rojas-Kramer, Carlos Alberto, Milka Elena Escalera-Chávez, Elena Moreno-García, and Arturo García-Santillán. "MOTIVACIÓN, ANSIEDAD, CONFIANZA, AGRADO Y UTILIDAD. LOS FACTORES QUE EXPLICAN LA ACTITUD HACIA LAS MATEMÁTICAS EN LOS ESTUDIANTES DE ECONOMÍA." International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología. 2, no. 1 (October 22, 2017): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2017.n1.v2.875.
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Abstract.MOTIVATION, ANXIETY, CONFIDENCE, PLEASURE AND USEFULNESS FACTORS THAT REALLY EXPLAIN THE ATTITUDE TOWARDS MATHEMATICS IN STUDENTS MAJORING IN ECONOMICS?The study focuses on determining the level of attitude towards mathematics by students of the Faculty of Economics at the Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosi (UASLP), Mexico. The study is approached from the quantitative paradigm, not experimental, transversal and exploratory. The sample consisted of college students majoring in Economics who coursed mathematics during 2015. The attitude toward statistics test from Auzmendi (1992) was used. The main empirical finding of perception of students was that the pleasure is one of the factors that contribute to the attitude towards mathematics, contrary to motivation, which showed that it is not a key attitude to this discipline.Keywords: Mathematics, attitude, anxiety, utility, liking, motivation.Resumen.El objetivo del estudio se centra en determinar el nivel de actitud hacia las matemáticas por parte de los estudiantes de la Facultad de Economía de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (UASLP). El estudio se aborda desde el paradigma cuantitativo, no experimental, transversal y exploratorio. La muestra está conformada por estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Economía que tomaron cursos de matemáticas en el año 2015. Se utilizó el cuestionario de actitud hacia la estadística de Auzmendi (1992). El principal hallazgo empírico de la percepción de los alumnos fue que el agrado es uno de los factores que más contribuye en la actitud hacia las matemáticas, contrario a la motivación, la cual se demostró que no es un elemento clave de la actitud hacia esta disciplina.Palabras claves: Actitud matemática, Ansiedad, Utilidad, Agrado, Motivación
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Penkala, Alina, Ilse Derluyn, and Ine Lietaert. "The Ukrainian divide." Regions and Cohesion 10, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2020.100311.
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Abstract: Ukraine is usually portrayed as a cleft country with a determining internal East–West divide. However, critical researchers in Ukrainian scholarship emphasize that the East–West paradigm fails to adequately reflect the complex reality of the Ukrainian society and its historical, linguistic, economic, and political mixture. This article deconstructs the origins and evolution of the eastern and western Ukrainian identities and argues that the current clash between the two regions should not be explained by linguistic and ethnic differences, geopolitical strategies, economic interests, or political gains but rather by symbolic geographies, historical myths, and political imaginations. As a consequence, Ukraine is unable to make clear choices about its geopolitical future and remains a liminal space of east and west, where the broader EU-centered and Russia-centered regions overlap.Resumen: Ucrania suele ser retratada como un país caracterizado por una división interna determinante entre el este y el oeste. Sin embargo, algunos investigadores critican este paradigma Este-Oeste, que no refleja la compleja realidad de la sociedad ucraniana y su mezcla histórica, lingüística, económica y política. En este artículo se deconstruyen los orígenes y la evolución de las identidades ucranianas orientales y occidentales y se argumenta que el actual choque entre las dos regiones debería explicarse por el nuevo enfoque de geografías simbólicas, mitos históricos e imaginaciones políticas. En caso contrario, Ucrania no puede tomar decisiones claras sobre su futuro geopolítico y sigue siendo un espacio liminal de este y oeste, donde se superponen las regiones más amplias centradas en la UE y en Rusia, respectivamente.Résumé: L’Ukraine est généralement présentée comme un pays avec une division interne Est-Ouest déterminante. Cependant, des chercheurs ukrainiens critiquent ce paradigme Est-Ouest, qui ne reflèterait pas la réalité complexe de la société ukrainienne ni son mélange historique, linguistique, économique et politique. Cet article déconstruit les origines et l’évolution des identités ukrainiennes orientales et occidentales et soutient que le conflit qui les oppose actuellement devrait être expliqué par la nouvelle approche des géographies symboliques, des mythes historiques et des imaginations politiques. A défaut, l’Ukraine est incapable de faire des choix clairs quant à son avenir géopolitique et reste un espace liminaire entre l’Est et l’Ouest, où les régions plus larges centrées sur l’UE et la Russie se chevauchent.
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Palomino Martín, Antonio, Rosa Marchena Gómez, and Eduardo Ramos Verde. "Educación Física en Primaria y Secundaria: Análisis comparativo de la interacción profesorado-alumnado." Profesorado, Revista de Currículum y Formación del Profesorado 21, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 253–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30827/profesorado.v21i2.10334.
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Resumen:El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la interacción comunicativa profesorado- alumnado en Educación Física, esto es, el modo en que el profesorado en sus clases valora a sus alumnos, personaliza, es flexible, mantiene humor, feedback o, por el contrario, establece tensiones, antagonismos, favoritismos, imprime velocidad a su enseñanza o desacredita al alumnado. El análisis se realizó a partir de diversas clases de Primaria y Secundaria, lo que permitió crear un punto de comparación entre ambas etapas. La metodología aplicada fue etnográfica, acogiéndonos a un estudio de casos múltiples y siguiendo un paradigma ecológico de investigación en el aula. La observación participante fue el instrumento utilizado para recoger la información. Mediante un muestreo intencional, los casos seleccionados alcanzaron sesenta y siete sesiones de clase, veintinueve de Primaria y treinta y ocho de Secundaria, con una ratio media de alumnos por etapa de 24.7 y 28,3 respectivamente. En todos los grupos se observaron, al menos, cinco sesiones, excepto en sexto de Primaria que fueron cuatro. Se aplicó un sistema de análisis categorial y una triangulación de investigadores, cuantificándose las unidades de información surgidas, hallándose, posteriormente, las correspondientes frecuencias y porcentajes. Los resultados reflejaron, entre otras cuestiones, que en ambas etapas había tendencias similares en la aparición de situaciones de antagonismo, tensiones, favoritismo, ausencias de feedback y descréditos. No coincidieron, por el contrario, las veces que la relación se personalizaba y había humor y ánimos, siendo mayores estas situaciones en Secundaria que en Primaria. En esta etapa, por el contrario, tienden a realizar más feed-back de corrección. En conclusión, la interacción profesorado-alumnado descubrió a un profesorado de Secundaria de Educación Física con más cercanía comunicativa que los de Primaria, aunque globalmente se estaba produciendo una relación más cercana en ambas etapas si lo comparamos con otras áreas curriculares.Abstract:The aim of this research is to analyze the communicative interaction teacher-student in Physical Education, this is, the way in which teachers appreciate students in their lessons, personalize, are flexible, maintains mood, feedback or, on the other hand, establishes tension, antagonism, favoritisms, gives speed its teaching or discredits students. Analysis was made from different Primary and Secondary lessons, which helped to create a base line between both stages. Ethnographic methodology was applied, taking into account a multiple choice study and following an ecologic research paradigm in the classroom. Participant observation was the instrument used to collect information. Using a purposive sampling, study case were sixty seven lessons, twenty nine from Primary and thirty eight from Secondary, with a student average ratio per stage of 24.7 and 28.3 respectively. All groups were observed at least, five sessions, except in sixth grade that was four. A system of categorical analysis and triangulation of investigators was applied, and quantified information units arising, being subsequently the frequencies and percentages. The results showed, among other things, that both stages had similar trends in the occurrence of situations of antagonism, tension, favoritism, lack of feedback and discrediting. They did not agree, however, the relationship was personalized and had humor and encouragement, these situations were higher in Secondary than in Primary education. At this stage, however, they tend to perform more feedback correction. In conclusion, the teacher - student interaction, discovered a Secondary teacher of physical education more communicative proximity to the Primary, but overall was taking a closer relationship in both stages when compared with other curricular areas.
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Allouche, Aurélien, and Laurence Nicolas. "Droits liés à l’eau dans la Camargue insulaire : à la croisée de la gouvernance environnementale et de la gestion des risques." Regions and Cohesion 1, no. 3 (December 1, 2011): 67–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2011.010304.
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For a long time the area known as the Camargue (France) had conciliated the different rights related to water uses solely by adjusting its hydraulic system. The limits of this system were shown by the floods that occurred in 1993 that forced the governance paradigm to coordinate actors' rights related to water uses in the public space, and, at the same time, to elaborate new ways of acting upon the hydraulic system. This evolution presents nevertheless the risk to prioritize the plurality of rights, to manage the plurality of technical and natural constraints, and to render essential the movement out of public space of the treatment of data and technical constraints entering the adjustment of the system. Recent initiatives within governance attempt, conversely, to dissociate the space for the expression of rights linked to water from that for actions. By doing so, this inflection allows for profit-sharing and mobilization in the part of the system which other forms of participation had difficulty implicating. However, other problems arise, such as the intersection between the public and the private spheres or plurality between levels of management.Spanish Durante mucho tiempo, la Camarga (Francia) ha conciliado los derechos relativos a los usos de agua a través de ajustes de su sistema hidráulico. Los límites de este sistema, puestos en evidencia por las inundaciones de 1993, han conducido al paradigma de gestión a manejar simultáneamente en el mismo espacio público la coordinación de derechos relativos a los usos de agua y las acciones sobre el sistema técnico. Sin embargo, esta evolución corre el riesgo de producir una jerarquía entre los derechos de los usos de agua para gestionar la diversidad de las limitaciones naturales y técnicas, y de desplazar fuera del espacio público una parte del procesamiento de datos y las limitaciones técnicas utilizadas en el ajuste del sistema. Por el contrario, recientes iniciativas en la gobernanza de este recurso están intentando separar el espacio de expresión de los derechos relacionados con el agua de las acciones. De este modo, este cambio permite generar interés y movilizar a una parte del sistema que las otras modalidades de acción no habían conseguido involucrar hasta ahora. Esta nueva reconfiguración no esta libre de desafíos, tales como aquellos generados por la intersección de la esfera pública y privada, por la pluralidad de niveles de gestión.
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Giri, Saroj. "Interrogating Klein's Shock Doctrine." Human Geography 3, no. 3 (November 2010): 116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277861000300308.
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In The Shock Doctrine Naomi Klein rightly critiques capitalism in its repressive ‘market fundamentalist’ avatar. But she does not problematise ‘democratic capitalism’ or the very form of capitalist democracy. Instead she advocates the latter. Thus for her the role of social movements is limited to the extension of democracy, from the political sphere, to the economic. No problem as such there – until we find that her advocacy for social movements derives from the need to make sure “disillusioned citizens would not go looking once again for a more appealing ideology, whether fascism or Communism” (p. 54). It is hard to overlook her liberal rationale. Neoliberalism must be challenged, since it is a bad candidate to keep the ‘hard left’ in check. Klein functions within the paradigm of the ‘end of ideology’ and the ‘end of history’: anything beyond liberal capitalist democracy takes us to ‘totalitarianism’, where fascism and communism merge. Social movements and people's subjectivity that tend towards the ‘hard left’ (for example, those on the left of Allende's democratic socialism in Chile who were fighting the coup), finds mention in her analysis, if at all, only to be repudiated as a danger. En su La Doctrina del Shock, Naomi Klein critica correctamente al capitalismo en su versión represiva, de ‘fundamentalismo de mercado’, pero no problema-tiza sobre ‘el capitalismo democrático’, o sobre la forma de la democracia capitalista misma. De lo contrario, la apoya. Es decir que para ella el rol de los movimientos sociales se limita a extender la democracia desde la esfera de la política hacia la de la economía. Hasta ahí no hay problema, hasta que nos encontramos con que su apoyo a los movimientos sociales es un resultado de la necesidad de asegurar que “ciudadanxs desilusinadxs no se [metan] en la búsqueda de una ideología más cercana a sus intereses, sea el facismo o el comunismo” (p. 54). Resulta difícil dejar de lado su racionalidad liberal: hay que desafiar al neoliberalismo porque no es buen candidato a mantener a la ‘izquierda dura’ bajo control. Klein funciona claramente dentro del paradigma del ‘fin de las ideologías’ y del ‘fin de la historia’: todo lo que existe más allá de la democracia liberal capitalista es el ‘totalitarismo’, adonde !facismo y comunismo se fusionan! Los movimientos sociales y la subjetividad de quienes tienden hacia la ‘izquierda dura’ (por ejemplo, aquellxs a la izquierda del socialismo democrático de Allende en Chile que lucharon contra el golpe) son mencionados en su análisis (si es que son mencionados) sólo para ser repudiados por ser considerados como un peligro.
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Cedeño Zambrano, María Lisset, and Yanet Samada Grasst. "método lúdico en el desarrollo de la grafomotricidad en niños de 0-5 años." Revista Cognosis 6, no. 4 (November 29, 2021): 143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33936/cognosis.v6i4.3630.
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Desde su implementación en los entornos educativos, los beneficios del método lúdico son patentes a cualquier edad, se considera especialmente relevante para el desarrollo del individuo durante los primeros cinco años de vida. En tal sentido, se planteó como objetivo de la investigación analizar la influencia del método lúdico en el desarrollo de la grafomotricidad en niños de 3 a 5 años. Se desarrolló un estudio que se suscribe al paradigma crítico reflexivo a través de una metodología descriptiva con un enfoque cualitativo; el cual parte de una revisión de la literatura sobre los conceptos, teorías y herramientas metodológicas del método lúdico, desde las primeras edades; que se emplean como referentes de la técnica de observación y la construcción de su instrumento. Entre los principales hallazgos se determina que en efecto el método lúdico es un recurso fundamental para el desarrollo de habilidades y destrezas; favoreciendo procesos cognitivos, psicomotores y psicoafectivos. Es por ello que no significa solamente jugar por recreación, sino por el contrario, desarrolla actividades muy profundas dignas de su aprehensión por parte del niño, al adaptarse a un entorno más entretenido para facilitar la adquisición de una serie de conocimientos concreto; donde el docente debe instruirse para su planificación, aplicación y posterior obtención de resultado, siendo de vital importancia utilizar estrategias didácticas metodológicas para la motivación de los niños y afianzar un ambiente sano de seguridad y motivador.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Método Lúdico; grafomotricidad; habilidades; niños.
The playground method in the development of graphomotricity in children of 3-5 years old
ABSTRACT
Since its implementation in educational settings, the benefits of the playful method are evident at any age, it is considered especially relevant for the development of the individual during the first five years of life. In this sense, the objective of the research was to analyze the influence of the playful method on the development of graphomotor skills in children aged 3 to 5 years. A study was developed that subscribes to the reflective critical paradigm through a descriptive methodology with a mixed cross-sectional approach, through the application of quantitative research techniques. Among the main findings, it is determined that in effect the playful method is a fundamental tool for the development of abilities and skills, favoring cognitive, psychomotor, and psycho-affective processes. That is why it does not only mean playing for recreation, but on the contrary, it develops very deep activities worthy of being apprehended by the child, by adapting to a more entertaining environment to facilitate the acquisition of a specific series of knowledge; where the teacher must be instructed for its planning, application and subsequent obtaining of results, being of vital importance to use methodological didactic strategies for the motivation of children and to establish a healthy, safe and motivating environment.
KEYWORDS: Playful Method; graphomotricity; skills; kids.
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Rentería Rentería, Alan Roberto, and Juan Pablo Martínez Ponce. "El Paradigma de la Complejidad." Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar 7, no. 5 (December 11, 2023): 10317–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37811/cl_rcm.v7i5.8652.
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El presente artículo pretende realizar una investigación sobre el entendimiento que actualmente se tiene respecto al concepto de complejidad. Partimos de la tesis de que, a pesar de las diferentes ideas que el Pensamiento Complejo y las Ciencias de la Complejidad puedan tener respecto a la complejidad en sí mismas, tales diferencias no son sustanciales para considerarse aisladas o independientes, sino que por el contrario, conforman la generalidad de lo que se puede definir como el paradigma de la complejidad. Para argumentar esta afirmación, se analizarán a los principales autores en torno al tema de lo complejo, para dialogar entre sus debates y argumentar una postura de unicidad ligada a temas esenciales como la epistemología y el sujeto.
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Gonçalves, Carlos. "PERSPETIVAS SOBRE RESILIÊNCIA TERRITORIAL: RESISTÊNCIA FLUXÍVEL, INTERDEPENDÊNCIA SISTÉMICA, ADAPTABILIDADE EVOLUTIVA." GEOgraphia 20, no. 43 (October 16, 2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/geographia.v20i43.914.
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Num quadro, em que a propagação das incertezas se mistura com a falência de abordagens espartilhadas ao desenvolvimento das sociedades e com o crescimento das interações (nem sempre correspondendo a integrações) que impactam no devir dos territórios, os estudos territoriais que adotam o referencial da resiliência ganham crescente centralidade. Esta abordagem traz contributos novos para equacionar oportunidades de desenvolvimento sustentável injetando-lhes a importância de se considerar o carater dinâmico, os efeitos de boomerang, os fatores de vulnerabilidade endógenos e exógenos que aproximam ou que afastam os territórios de contextos de crises de origem ambiental, social, económica, política, cultural. Este artigo procura clarificar três abordagens à resiliência territorial impulsionando a sua adoção nos estudos de desenvolvimento territorial e nas consequentes soluções de planeamento que deles decorram. Aborda-se a resiliência territorial pela perspetiva da resistência. Discutem-se os princípios que colocam o foco na adaptabilidade para, por fim, se empreender uma aproximação á resiliência evolutiva. Com esta cadência, procuramos situar a evolução do paradigma da resiliência e enquadrar a sua apropriação pelas disciplinas que se ocupam do desenvolvimento e do planeamento territorial. Optamos por não excluir nenhuma das perspetivas. Pelo contrário, o aprofundamento de que têm sido objeto, no qual se inscreve este contributo, sugere que se potenciem combinações qualificadoras da reflexão sobre o progresso dos territórios, sem se desconsiderarem as incertezas, as crises, os choques e as demais disfuncionalidades que permanentemente os desafiam.Palavras-chave: Resiliência Territorial. Resiliência Pró-resistência. Resiliência Adaptativa. Resiliência Evolutiva. Equilíbrio. Ciclo Adaptativo. PERSPECTIVES ON TERRITORIAL RESILIENCE: FLEXIBLE RESISTANCE, SYSTEMIC INTERDEPENDENCE, EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTABILITY Abstract: In a context where the uncertainties propagation blend with the failure of approaches that are constrained to the societies development and where the interactions growth (that doesn’t always corresponds to integrations) creating constrains to the territory’s future, studies adopting the resilience paradigm earn a growing centrality. This approach brings new contributions to equate sustainable development opportunities injecting in them the importance of having in consideration the dynamic perspective, the feedback effects, the endogenous and exogenous vulnerability factors that make the territories be closer or distant from crises contexts with environmental, social, economic, political or cultural origin. This article seeks to clarify three territorial resilience approaches, furthering its adoption in territorial development studies and in the consequent planning solutions that derive from them. It is approached the territorial resilience by the resistance point of view. It is discussed the principles that put the focus on adaptability in order to, finally, undertake an approximation to the evolutionary resilience. This approach corresponds, in a certain way, to the evolution of the resilience paradigm until its appropriation by the disciplines that are concerned with the development and territorial planning.It is not correct to eliminate any of the three viewpoints. On the contrary, the deepening of that have been the object, where this contribution is placed, potentiates qualifying thinking combinations on urban and regional progress without losing consideration for uncertainties, crises, shocks and other malfunctions that, permanently, challenge them.Keywords: Territorial Resilience. Pro-resistance Resilience. Adaptive Resilience. Evolutionary Resilience. Equilibrium. Adaptive Cycle. PERSPECTIVAS SOBRE LA RESILIENCIA TERRITORIAL: RESISTENCIA FLUIDA, INTERDEPENDENCIA SISTÉMICA Y ADAPTABILIDADResumen: En un marco en el que la propagación de la incertidumbre se mezcla con la quiebra de enfoques compartidos en el desarrollo de las sociedades y con el aumento de interacciones (y no siempre de integraciones) que impactan en el devenir de los territorios, están aumentando los estudios territoriales que adoptan como referencia la resiliencia. Este enfoque aporta nuevas contribuciones para equiparar las oportunidades de desarrollo sostenible teniendo en cuenta la importancia de considerar el carácter dinámico, los efectos boomerang, así como los factores endógenos y exógenos de vulnerabilidad que acercan o alejan las áreas de contextos de crisis de origen ambiental, social, económico, político y cultural.Este artículo clarifica tres enfoques de la resiliencia territorial con el objetivo de impulsar su adopción en los estudios de desarrollo territorial y en las soluciones de planificación derivadas. La resiliencia territorial se aborda desde la perspectiva de la resistencia, discutimos los principios que se centran en la adaptabilidad y presentamos una aproximación a la resiliencia evolutiva. Esta cadencia corresponde, en cierto modo, a la evolución del paradigma de la resiliencia en las disciplinas centradas en el desarrollo y la planificación territorial. Ninguna de las perspectivas debería excluirse. Por el contrario, la profundización de la que viene siendo objeto y en la cual se enmarca esta contribución, potencia combinaciones cualificadas de reflexión sobre el progreso de los territorios sin dejar de lado la incertidumbre, las crisis, los choques, así como el resto de disfunciones en constante desafío.Palabras-clave: Resiliencia territorial. Resiliencia pro-resistencia; resiliencia adaptativa; resiliencia evolutiva; equilibrio; ciclo adaptativo.
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Gonçalves, Carlos. "PERSPETIVAS SOBRE RESILIÊNCIA TERRITORIAL: RESISTÊNCIA FLUXÍVEL, INTERDEPENDÊNCIA SISTÉMICA, ADAPTABILIDADE EVOLUTIVA." GEOgraphia 20, no. 43 (October 16, 2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/geographia2018.v20i43.a27210.
Full textAbstract:
Num quadro, em que a propagação das incertezas se mistura com a falência de abordagens espartilhadas ao desenvolvimento das sociedades e com o crescimento das interações (nem sempre correspondendo a integrações) que impactam no devir dos territórios, os estudos territoriais que adotam o referencial da resiliência ganham crescente centralidade. Esta abordagem traz contributos novos para equacionar oportunidades de desenvolvimento sustentável injetando-lhes a importância de se considerar o carater dinâmico, os efeitos de boomerang, os fatores de vulnerabilidade endógenos e exógenos que aproximam ou que afastam os territórios de contextos de crises de origem ambiental, social, económica, política, cultural. Este artigo procura clarificar três abordagens à resiliência territorial impulsionando a sua adoção nos estudos de desenvolvimento territorial e nas consequentes soluções de planeamento que deles decorram. Aborda-se a resiliência territorial pela perspetiva da resistência. Discutem-se os princípios que colocam o foco na adaptabilidade para, por fim, se empreender uma aproximação á resiliência evolutiva. Com esta cadência, procuramos situar a evolução do paradigma da resiliência e enquadrar a sua apropriação pelas disciplinas que se ocupam do desenvolvimento e do planeamento territorial. Optamos por não excluir nenhuma das perspetivas. Pelo contrário, o aprofundamento de que têm sido objeto, no qual se inscreve este contributo, sugere que se potenciem combinações qualificadoras da reflexão sobre o progresso dos territórios, sem se desconsiderarem as incertezas, as crises, os choques e as demais disfuncionalidades que permanentemente os desafiam.Palavras-chave: Resiliência Territorial. Resiliência Pró-resistência. Resiliência Adaptativa. Resiliência Evolutiva. Equilíbrio. Ciclo Adaptativo. PERSPECTIVES ON TERRITORIAL RESILIENCE: FLEXIBLE RESISTANCE, SYSTEMIC INTERDEPENDENCE, EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTABILITY Abstract: In a context where the uncertainties propagation blend with the failure of approaches that are constrained to the societies development and where the interactions growth (that doesn’t always corresponds to integrations) creating constrains to the territory’s future, studies adopting the resilience paradigm earn a growing centrality. This approach brings new contributions to equate sustainable development opportunities injecting in them the importance of having in consideration the dynamic perspective, the feedback effects, the endogenous and exogenous vulnerability factors that make the territories be closer or distant from crises contexts with environmental, social, economic, political or cultural origin. This article seeks to clarify three territorial resilience approaches, furthering its adoption in territorial development studies and in the consequent planning solutions that derive from them. It is approached the territorial resilience by the resistance point of view. It is discussed the principles that put the focus on adaptability in order to, finally, undertake an approximation to the evolutionary resilience. This approach corresponds, in a certain way, to the evolution of the resilience paradigm until its appropriation by the disciplines that are concerned with the development and territorial planning.It is not correct to eliminate any of the three viewpoints. On the contrary, the deepening of that have been the object, where this contribution is placed, potentiates qualifying thinking combinations on urban and regional progress without losing consideration for uncertainties, crises, shocks and other malfunctions that, permanently, challenge them.Keywords: Territorial Resilience. Pro-resistance Resilience. Adaptive Resilience. Evolutionary Resilience. Equilibrium. Adaptive Cycle. PERSPECTIVAS SOBRE LA RESILIENCIA TERRITORIAL: RESISTENCIA FLUIDA, INTERDEPENDENCIA SISTÉMICA Y ADAPTABILIDADResumen: En un marco en el que la propagación de la incertidumbre se mezcla con la quiebra de enfoques compartidos en el desarrollo de las sociedades y con el aumento de interacciones (y no siempre de integraciones) que impactan en el devenir de los territorios, están aumentando los estudios territoriales que adoptan como referencia la resiliencia. Este enfoque aporta nuevas contribuciones para equiparar las oportunidades de desarrollo sostenible teniendo en cuenta la importancia de considerar el carácter dinámico, los efectos boomerang, así como los factores endógenos y exógenos de vulnerabilidad que acercan o alejan las áreas de contextos de crisis de origen ambiental, social, económico, político y cultural.Este artículo clarifica tres enfoques de la resiliencia territorial con el objetivo de impulsar su adopción en los estudios de desarrollo territorial y en las soluciones de planificación derivadas. La resiliencia territorial se aborda desde la perspectiva de la resistencia, discutimos los principios que se centran en la adaptabilidad y presentamos una aproximación a la resiliencia evolutiva. Esta cadencia corresponde, en cierto modo, a la evolución del paradigma de la resiliencia en las disciplinas centradas en el desarrollo y la planificación territorial. Ninguna de las perspectivas debería excluirse. Por el contrario, la profundización de la que viene siendo objeto y en la cual se enmarca esta contribución, potencia combinaciones cualificadas de reflexión sobre el progreso de los territorios sin dejar de lado la incertidumbre, las crisis, los choques, así como el resto de disfunciones en constante desafío.Palabras-clave: Resiliencia territorial. Resiliencia pro-resistencia; resiliencia adaptativa; resiliencia evolutiva; equilibrio; ciclo adaptativo.
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Karam, Henriete. "O DIREITO NA CONTRAMÃO DA LITERATURA: A CRIAÇÃO NO PARADIGMA CONTEMPORÂNEO." Revista Eletrônica do Curso de Direito da UFSM 12, no. 3 (December 20, 2017): 1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1981369429566.
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O artigo inscreve-se no campo dos estudos de direito e literatura e tem como objetivo problematizar a liberdade criativa no âmbito jurisdicional. Para tanto, apresenta uma síntese diacrônica dos conceitos de criação formulados pela teoria literária e destaca sua articulação com as noções de intertextualidade e de horizonte de sentido. A seguir, recorre ao conto Pierre Menard, autor do «Quixote», de J. L. Borges, para explicitar a concepção – decorrente da assunção do paradigma hermenêutico – de que a invenção literária resulta do processo de leitura, interpretação e reescrita. Por fim, indica os contextos que propiciaram o surgimento das concepções que postulam a liberdade de criação do direito na esfera jurisdicional, abordando, especialmente, as posições de M. Cappelletti acerca da atuação criativa dos juízes. Tal percurso possibilita constatar, o anacronismo das teorias do direito que vinculam o conceito de criação à ideia de liberdade criativa – cujos efeitos são o ativismo e o decisionismo judicial – face à atual compreensão que a teoria da literatura tem do papel central da interpretação no processo criativo.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "A contrario paradigm"
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Ciocarlan, Alina. "Small target detection using deep learning." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASG102.
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La détection de petits objets dans les images infrarouges (IR) est une tâche complexe mais cruciale en défense, surtout lorsqu'il s'agit de distinguer ces cibles d'un fond texturé. Les méthodes de détection d'objets classiques peinent à trouver un équilibre entre un taux de détection élevé et un faible taux de fausses alarmes. Bien que certaines approches aient amélioré les réponses des cartes de caractéristiques pour les petits objets, elles restent tout de même sensibles aux fausses alarmes induites par les éléments du fond. Pour résoudre ce problème, la première partie de cette thèse introduit un critère de décision a contrario dans l'entraînement des réseaux de neurones. Cette méthode statistique améliore les réponses des cartes de caractéristiques tout en contrôlant le nombre de fausses alarmes (NFA) et peut être intégrée dans n'importe quel réseau de segmentation sémantique. Le module NFA améliore la détection des petits objets et renforce la robustesse dans des contextes d'apprentissage frugal en données. Cependant, les réseaux de segmentation peuvent entraîner une fragmentation des objets, causant ainsi des fausses alarmes et faussant les métriques de comptage. Pour atténuer cela, le critère a contrario a été intégré dans la tête de détection d'un YOLO. La deuxième partie de la thèse aborde les défis posés par le manque de données annotées grâce à l'apprentissage auto-supervisé (SSL). Nous avons réalisé une étude des catégories de SSL existantes, en mettant l'accent sur les méthodes adaptées à la détection de petits objets. Nous avons ensuite évalué plusieurs stratégies SSL sur différents jeux de données, y compris les datasets de détection de petites cibles en IR. Cette étude nous permet de proposer une feuille de route pour aider à la sélection d'une stratégie de SSL adéquate selon plusieurs paramètres. Enfin, la combinaison du SSL et du paradigme a contrario a donné des résultats impressionnants sur la détection de petites cibles en IRDetecting small objects in infrared images is a challenging yet critical task in defense, especially when it comes to differentiating these targets from a noisy or textured background. Conventional object detection methods have difficulties in finding the balance between high detection rate and low false alarm rate. While some existing approaches have improved feature map responses for small objects, they frequently fail to manage false alarms caused by background elements. To address this, we introduce an a contrario decision criterion into neural network training. This statistical test enhances feature map responses while controlling the number of false alarms (NFA) and can be integrated into any semantic segmentation network. The NFA module improves infrared small target detection (IRSTD) and increases robustness in few-shot settings. However, segmentation networks can lead to object fragmentation, causing false alarms and distorting counting metrics. To mitigate this, the a contrario criterion has been integrated into the YOLO detection head. The second part of the thesis focuses on overcoming the challenges of limited annotated samples through self-supervised learning (SSL). To this end, we conduct a survey on SSL strategies for image representation learning, with an emphasis on methods adapted for small object detection. We then benchmark several SSL strategies across different datasets, including IRSTD datasets. This study allows us to provide a roadmap to guide future practitioners in selecting an appropriate SSL strategy based on various parameters. Finally, combining both a contrario and SSL paradigms has led to impressive performance for IRSTD
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VALCAVI, Gian Paolo. "Lifelong learning e causa del contratto nel paradigma della Flexicurity." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/28677.
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2012 has been proclaimed as the European year of "Active ageing and solidarity between generations". EU population is indeed facing a constant increase of life expectancy, which brings the need for an extension of the working career of every single individual.
The question is how to achieve this, within an economical crisis, characterized by augmenting unemployment rates and cuts to the welfare system.
EU promotes Flexicurity as a solution, with particular reference to the implementation of the policies of Lifelong Learning (chapter 1).
After a thorough analysis of the various Flexicurity existing models (chapter 2) and a verification of the Italian model, before and after the reform introduced with L. 92/2012 (chapter 3) it will be analyzed how Italy assures itself that art. 4 and 35 paragraph of the Constitution are applied.
Essential for this control is to define the tools (public and contractual) that assure to an Over50 worker a constant adjustment of his working background.
This protects his position and allows him a better placing possibility.
The analysis is conducted focusing on the tools of Lifelong Learning which allows constitutional forecast both on the relationship between individuals and state (chapter 4) and in the individual relations on a contractual level (chapter 5).
Particular attention will be dedicated to the contractual cause and to the presence of duty to the vocational and continuous training.
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Prignano, Stefano <1993>. "Paradigmi e contrario in Senofonte. Studio dei personaggi negativi attraverso le strategie narrative e le scelte stilistiche." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10367/1/PRIGNANO_STEFANO_TESI.pdf.
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La presente indagine di ricerca si concentra sulle opere storiografiche di Senofonte, focalizzandosi in modo particolare su quelle figure minori presenti in esse, che mostrano caratteristiche o comportamenti tali da renderle indegne del ruolo di governo che occupano. Da tempo, infatti, la critica si è focalizzata nell’individuare e analizzare quei personaggi che rappresentano il perfetto modello di leadership descritto da Senofonte e offerto all’imitazione del suo pubblico. Tuttavia, ben poco si è detto riguardo le figure opposte, quei paradigmi e contrario, destinati non tanto ad essere imitati, ma utili, piuttosto, a rappresentare gli errori che un lettore deve evitare e a far risaltare ancor di più i modelli di leadership illuminata e capace che sono il reale focus dell’attenzione di Senofonte in diverse opere. Se, infatti, è evidente la volontà e le caratteristiche paideutiche del corpus senofonteo, destinato ad insegnare le qualità, politiche ma ancor di più morali, necessarie per ricoprire un ruolo di governo e guida; sembrerebbe logico ipotizzare che questo fine didattico delle opere di Senofonte possa trovare realizzazione anche nelle figure negative, il cui ruolo è sottolineato ed evidenziato dall’autore attraverso strategie letterarie sempre nuove.The present research investigation concentrates on Xenophon's historiographical works, focusing in particular on those minor figures in them who display characteristics or behaviour that render them unworthy of the governing role they occupy. Critics have long focused on identifying and analysing those characters who represent the perfect model of leadership described by Xenophon and offered for imitation by his audience. However, very little has been said about the opposite figures, those paradigms and opposites, destined not so much to be imitated, but rather useful in representing the mistakes that a reader must avoid and to bring out even more the models of enlightened and capable leadership that are the real focus of Xenophon's attention in various works. If, in fact, the paideutic intention and characteristics of the Senofonte corpus is evident, intended to teach the qualities, political but even more so moral, necessary to hold a role of government and leadership; it would seem logical to assume that this didactic purpose of Xenophon's works can also be realised in the negative figures, whose role is emphasised and highlighted by the author through ever new literary strategies.
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Danjou-Flaux, Nelly. "L'Opposition en français le connecteur adversatif au contraire et ses paradigmes." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375941547.
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Schmidt, Neto André Perin. "A superação do dogma da vontade e o novo paradigma da confiança nos contratos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/115062.
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La tesi propone una rilettura della teoria di negozio giuridico dall'inclusione della fiducia al centro di supporto fattuale per generare una prospettiva plurale e riflessiva della volontà. Intendiamo analizzare i contratti da un nuovo paradigma, a dimostrazione che l'inclusione della nozione di fiducia nel negozio giuridico, non solo in seguito alla dichiarazione di intenti, ma permettendo a questa analisi riflessiva, risposte a molte domande lasciate dalla teoria dello fatto giuridico che, cresciuto in un ambiente liberale, stabilito la volontà individuale delle parti come un singolo elemento che compone il centro del nucleo di un negozio giuridico. Oggi, la società di massa, i contratti di adesione e contrattazione elettronica, richiedono una revisione dei concetti di base della teoria generale del diritto civile. Così, questa tesi si propone analizzare, non solo la volontà delle parti in modo isolato, ma la fiducia (dalla nozione di vertrauen di diritto tedesco) che le manifestazioni del desiderio reciproco e usi del traffico causa in entrambi i contraenti. Pertanto, al cuore del negozio giuridico non sarebbero le uniche manifestazioni di volontà, ma un consenso che si verifica in modo dinamico, variabile a seconda degli altri elementi, la coniugazione tra l'espressione della volontà di un contraente e di fiducia reciproca e ha causato il consenso dell'altro contraente e la fiducia, legittimo affidamento, ha causato nel primo, considerando le circostanze aziendali. L'obiettivo è quello di studiare il rilassamento del principio di autonomia, che, pur essendo la base del diritto contrattuale, ai nostri tempi dovrebbero dare luogo ad una reinterpretazione della teoria del negozio giuridico, al fine di adattarlo alla realtà delle relazioni sociali, adattando le teorie classiche per includere le nozioni di funzione sociale del contratto, buona fede oggettiva, l'equilibrio economico delle patti, ecc, nella sua struttura teorica.A tese propõe uma releitura da teoria do negócio jurídico a partir da inclusão da confiança no núcleo do suporte fático a gerar uma ótica plural e reflexa da vontade. Pretende-se a análise dos contratos a partir de um novo paradigma, demonstrando a inclusão da noção de confiança no negócio jurídico, não apenas acompanhando a manifestação de vontade, mas permitindo a análise reflexiva desta. Assim, deve responder a muitas dúvidas deixadas pela teoria do fato jurídico que, criada em um ambiente liberal, estabelecia a vontade individual das partes como único elemento a compor o cerne do núcleo de um negócio jurídico. Hoje, a sociedade de massas, os contratos de adesão e as contratações eletrônicas demandam uma revisão dos conceitos-base da teoria geral do direito civil. Esta tese pretende analisar, não apenas a vontade das partes de maneira isolada, mas a confiança (a partir da noção de vertrauen do direito alemão) que as manifestações de vontade recíprocas e os usos do tráfico provocam em ambos os contratantes. Portanto, no cerne do negócio jurídico não estariam apenas as manifestações da vontade, mas o consenso que se dá de modo dinâmico, variando de acordo com os outros elementos, conjugação entre a manifestação de vontade de um contratante, a confiança provocada no outro e a manifestação de vontade do outro contratante e a confiança, a legítima expectativa, provocada no primeiro, considerando-se as circunstâncias negociais. O objetivo do trabalho é estudar a flexibilização do princípio da autonomia da vontade que, apesar de ser a base do direito contratual, hodiernamente deve ensejar a releitura da teoria do negócio jurídico, a fim de adaptá-la à realidade das relações sociais e adequá-la às teorias clássicas ao incluir noções de função social do contrato, boa-fé objetiva, equilíbrio econômico dos pactos, etc., em sua estrutura teórica.
The thesis proposes a reinterpretation of the theory of legal business from the inclusion of the trust at the core of factual support to generate a plural and reflexive perspective of will. We intend to analyze the contracts from a new paradigm, demonstrating that the inclusion of the notion of trust in the legal business, not just following the declaration of intent, but allowing this reflective analysis, answers many questions left by the theory of legal fact who, raised in a liberal environment, established the individual will of the parties as a single element composing the core of the nucleus of a legal business. Today, mass society, contracts of adhesion and electronic contracting, demand a review of the basic concepts of the general theory of civil law. Thus, this thesis aims to analyze, not only the will of the parties in an isolated way, but confidence (from the notion of vertrauen in German law) that the manifestations of reciprocal desire and uses of traffic cause in both contractors. Therefore, at the heart of the legal business would not be the only manifestations of the will, but a consensus that occurs dynamically, varying according to the other elements, conjugation between the expression of the will of a contractor and trust in each other caused, and the consent from the other contractor and the trust, the legitimate expectation, caused on the first, considering the business circumstances. The objective is to study the flexibilization of the principle of freedom of choice, which, despite being the basis of contract law, in our times should give rise to a reinterpretation of the theory of legal business in order to adapt it to the reality of social relations, adapting the classical theories to include the notions of social function of the contract, objective good faith, economic balance of the pacts, etc., in his theoretical framework.
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Coppola, Irene. "Rete, Sussidiarietà, Condivisione, Processo (un nuovo paradigma di principi e responsabilità)." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/3076.
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2015 - 2016Network represents a new way to do buisiness and to coagulate energies and resources. Two foundamentals figures of private law blend in the study of this figure and of its effective meaning: contract and enterprise. Contract is to enterprise what law is to buisiness. Network thickens activities and resources of more businessmen, joined in a common and unique project, everyone together united and in collaboration for the realization of a productivity program projected to consumers’ needs, always more qualified and emerging. To implement, to increase, to compete, to renovate. Thease are the functions of a new relationship that ties network buisnessmen. It’s the aim that pushes to come together in network, preserving, each, their own business individuality and their autonomy of management and production. Network business is a new and original (surely more profitable) way to work and produce and it’s expression of autonomy of parts, united, each with their own contribute, to produce benefits and services highly competitives. The study of the juridical nature of the case is subject of particular interest, even if the problem is still unresolved. The nature is, without a doubt, an element of reflection very delicate; from contract to association; from single contract to many contracts connected by the purpose, from agreement, to system, method, axperiment. Organization. Agreement. Contract. System. Perspective of profound interest. All elements and structural substance, decline for the wright expression of network essence. Network is a method. Network is experience. Network, infact, is a cross institution, that from organization (principle of cooperation) becomes in integration of subjects, contract (agreement) and activity, always based on the part’s rule, that represents its fundamental core. The different configuration and the prospective of network’s system has a strong ripercussion on the regime and on pratical, juridical, social and economical effects of this phenomenon. It is, surely, an autonomous and particular figure, with its own characteristics, that cannot always be classified in a well-defined institution. And it’s evident that, because of its legal framework, network presents a lot of perspective and points of view that go from the affirmation of private law’s new principles to the configuration of a particular answerability of the same subjects members of the network. Answerability that is aim of deeped study, so much so that it’s beneficial an “ad hoc” regulation to increase by degrees its measure and its procedure. So network is still a “work in progress”. It needs social adaptation, applied rules and concrete interpretations, tied to emergencies of territory and social fabric. Special regulation is a pride of Italy, even if it’s needed to verify its effects and its ripercussion on the practice; only in this way it will be possible to know its impact and understand the modernization of thease new contractual figures. Network development on the territory is interesting; it’s interesting to understand its essence and its range with its problems. The new figure is analyzed in this work in the general prospective of general theory of law and of its regulation, that involves not only private sphere, but even the comparison with comparative and public law, until the analysis of trial profile of “litisconsorzio”, in the ample and appropriate network trial, where the imlementation of principle of an adversarial process involves all the network businessmen, to guarantee a full defence and allow to the damaged to know the level of answerability of individual or all the partecipants, even with a potential direct lawsuit. The figure is a real new that signs the entrance of new private law principles. It’s surely a remarkable spark of reflection if this method is considerated as drift and statement of new law principles, like cooperation, sharing, contractual planning, subsidiarity. And, specifically, subsidiarity principle, constitutionally relevant, is affirmation of power of private’s regulation towards whom State is subsidiary and intervenes just in case of non-fulfilment or unsuitableness of interests subtended to the case. This flexibility is the core of network. Not only. An institution in development, with a lot of profiles still imprecise, ambiguous, equivocal, that have to become clear, not only about its nature, but most of all, regarding the level of network businessmen’s answerability, in network inner and outer relationships, that is not able to leave trial system of “litisconsorzio necessario” and respect of principle of an adversarial process out of consideration. Network, answerability, trial. The real problem is the absence of an “ad hoc” answerability (network businessmen’s answerability) and an “ad hoc” procedure to ascertain every single contractor’s role and to protect single network businessmen from an aswerability extended to other partecipants and to protect third party, who has to be able to act against the real responsible. Only with a real legal protection and strong guarantees, investemts and new contracts implements themselves. New agreement to more important protection. Together to reach a communal aim; resources and ideas to continue; quick and immediate trial, when network is protagonist. Research has to aspire to that. [edited by author]
XV n.s.
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Zanette, Antonio Carmelo. "A crise do contrato agrário : novos paradigmas do arrendamento e da parceria rural." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/185076.
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Considerando que o Estatuto da Terra (lei 4.504/64) e seu decreto regulamentador (59.566/66) tem mais de meio século, idealizados com cláusulas protetivas ao arrendatário e parceiro-outorgado, antes considerado vulnerável, este trabalho objetiva fazer um resgate histórico a respeito da legislação, alcançando os dias atuais em diversos aspectos para que seja analisada a crise que se instalou na pactuação do contrato agrário de arrendamento e parceria rural, frente a autonomia privada das partes e da função social da propriedade. Tendo o trabalho como finalidade perquirir novos paradigmas, primando por uma maior liberdade na contratação, utilizando como tábua axiológica o Código Civil a partir da sua constitucionalização, suas fontes, tais como a legislação, usos e costumes, princípios, jurisprudência e precedentes, com a intenção de traçar um novo perfil contratual destes típicos contratos agrários, em respeito a função do contrato e ao interesse útil dos contratantes. Assim, conforme será visto, possibilitará uma interpretação que afaste o Estatuto da Terra e seu decreto nos casos em que o arrendatário ou parceiro-outorgado não é considerado vulnerável na relação, devendo então, não ser estendidas as benesses, ou melhor, as proteções inseridas na legislação e regulamentação, tais como as cláusulas protetivas de prazos mínimos, obrigatoriedade de fixação do preço em dinheiro, bem como o exercício do direito de preferência, é como será visto.Considering that the Land Statute (Law 4,504/64) and its regulating decree (59,566/66) have been for over half a century, idealized with protective clauses to the lessee and partner-grantor, previously considered vulnerable, this work aims to make a historical summary respecting the legislation, reaching the present day in several aspects to analyze the crisis that settled in the agreement of the agrarian contract of lease and rural partnership, facing the private autonomy of the parties and the social function of the property. The aim of this work is to investigate new paradigms, focusing on a greater freedom in contracting, using as an axiological table the Civil Code from its constitutionalization, its sources, such as legislation, uses and customs, principles, jurisprudence and precedents, with the intention of drawing up a new contractual profile of these typical agrarian contracts, respecting the function of the contract and the useful interest of the contractors. Thus, as we shall see, it will provide an interpretation that departs from the Land Statute and its decree in cases in which the lessee or grantor is not considered vulnerable in the relationship, and therefore, the benefits, or rather the protections inserted in the legislation and regulations, such as minimum term protection clauses, mandatory pricing in cash, as well as the exercise of preemptive rights, will be seen.
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SAAVEDRA, SERVIDA BLANCA IGNACIA MARIA. "DISCIPLINA DELLA NULLITÀ CONTRATTUALE E PARADIGMA DELL'OPERATIVITÀ A VANTAGGIO." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/784603.
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This work aims to analyze the various hypotheses of voidness introduced by European private law in order to ascertain whether, in light of their specificity, they can be considered autonomous figures, enacting a system expressive of a different rationality to that underlying the hypotheses contained in the Italian civil code; in particular, it aims to ascertain whether these figures may be considered remedies to guarantee and protect the proper functioning of the European single market.
The pro-competitive purpose served by the economic policies of the European Union reverberates in invalidation techniques, which see the voidness entrusted with the task of reacting to the disturbance of the freedom of will caused by the structural imbalance of power that characterizes transactions in the market economy.
The first chapter introduces the rules relating to the voidness and voidability in the Italian civil code and their historical background. The critical analysis of the traditional, structuralist approach to voidness, strongly influenced by the theory of the type, leads to the adoption of a functionalist perspective, which provide a theoretical grounding to the idea that the contract, even if void, is legally relevant and that ineffectiveness is the means by which the legal system, if deems it necessary, prevents private regulations contrary to its founding values from being translated into a juridical bond with the force of law between the parties; hence the idea that voidness is designed to allow control over the private autonomy and that ineffectiveness is only one of the possible consequence of voidness.
The second chapter reviews the various hypotheses of voidness introduced by the European private law, in order to identify the main differences that exist with respect to the general discipline referred to in Articles 1418 ff. of the Italian civil code; the uniformity of the legal framework that governs these figures shows a remedy aimed at protecting the instrumental interest of the party whose freedom of will, being in a condition of technical weakness, is threatened. Therefore, is outlined a regulatory microsystem in which the ineffectiveness that follows voidness must be limited, where possible, to the sole agreements and clauses in which the violation of an instrumental interest of the weak party is concretized; this solution is the most appropriate to achieve the objective adopted by the European legislator, which is assumed to be the elimination of the imbalances caused by information asymmetries.
The third chapter identifies, in terms of interpretative hypothesis, a solution respectful of the “functioning to the advantage of” standard in the event that the voidness is total; the idea that ineffectiveness has always been a purely incidental consequence of voidness will allow to envisage the possibility that it must be modulated in order to ensure that the protective function, summarized in the “functioning to the advantage of” standard, operates on a substantial level as well as procedural.
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Carvalho, Filho Antônio Lopes de. "O contrato sob o paradigma pós-positivista: os reflexos da eficácia horizontal dos direitos fundamentais e da filosofia da linguagem." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2016. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/3175.
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A presente dissertação tem como proposta compreender a problemática do contrato sob o paradigma pós-positivista. Nesse cenário contemporâneo, no qual a ordem jurídica incorporou em si valores morais eleitos pela sociedade, e no qual fora evidenciada a necessidade de se estender a eficácia dos direitos fundamentais também às relações privadas, seja em razão de sua multiplicação e pulverização, seja pela sua complexidade e potencialidade de causar danos à pessoa, torna-se imperioso repensar o fenômeno do contrato, em razão de que o seu objeto, as suas partes ou o modo como fora atingido o seu consenso poderão fazer com que essa eficácia se dê em maior ou menor grau. Também a Filosofia da Linguagem serviu como subsídio nessa empreitada, em razão de possibilitar ao intérprete o instrumental necessário para entender o contrato como um fenômeno de extensa riqueza significativa, no qual o arranjo de palavras em que se consubstancia pode conter muito mais do que a sua interpretação literal deixa transparecer. Por fim, concluiu-se que a interpretação de um contrato ultrapassa a sua compreensão como um instrumento de transação entre iguais, em razão de que a realidade encerra vetores que direcionarão a sua compreensão para um paradigma mais social ou mais liberal, a depender de suas peculiaridades.
The purpose of this work is to understand the problem of contracts under the postpositivism paradigm. In this contemporary scenario, in which the legal system has incorporated moral values as elected by society, and in which there is a need to extend the effectiveness of fundamental rights also to private relationships, whether due to its multiplications and spread or to its complexity and potential to cause harm to the person, it is imperative to rethink the Contract phenomenon, given that its object, its parts or the way its consensus was reached may cause this effectiveness to be a greater or lesser degree. Also, the Philosophy of Language served as a support in this endeavor, because it empowers the interpreter with the necessary instruments to understand the Contract as phenomenon of extensive and rich meaning in which the arrangement of words on which it is based may contain much more than its literal interpretation reveals. Finally, it was concluded that the interpretation of a Contract exceeds its understanding as a transaction instrument amongst equals, because reality contains vectors that guide its understanding towards a more social or more liberal paradigm, depending on its peculiarities.
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Goulart, Rodrigo Fortunato. "Trabalhador autônomo hipossuficiente e a necessidade de reclassificação do contrato de emprego : paradigma da essencialidade e valorização do trabalho na ordem econômica / Rodrigo Fortunato Goulart ; orientador, Marcelo Antônio César Villatore." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_PR, 2011. http://www.biblioteca.pucpr.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1982.
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Tese (doutorado) - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, 2011Trata o presente estudo da crise do atual modelo de regulação do Direito do Trabalho, consubstanciada na compreensão dominante da categoria "empregado". O trabalhador autónomo hipossuficienie foi escolhido justamente por ensejar a ceniralidade do colapso
This survey regards lhe crisis in the current Labor Law reguiation model. embodied in Lhe dominating understanding of category "empioyce". Thc h'po-suflkient autonomous employee was seiected precisely thr giving rise lo lhe centrality of Lhe coliapse ofth
Books on the topic "A contrario paradigm"
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Lihtarova, Ol'ga, T. Stepanova, E. Nikiforova, and N. Mihalenok. Theoretical and methodological foundations of the development of an economic entity based on the stakeholder approach. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1098270.
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The monograph examines the theoretical and methodological foundations of the development of an economic entity based on meeting the requirements of stakeholders (stakeholders), taking into account the fact that they are able to exert a significant influence on the organization in question from the point of view of socio-economic relations or, on the contrary, be influenced by the organization in question.
The main attention is paid to the solution of the following research tasks: identification of the conceptual foundations of the formation of the system of development of an economic entity based on the stakeholder approach; theoretical and methodological foundations of the development of an economic entity based on the stakeholder approach; development of a methodological paradigm (model) of analysis and evaluation of the development of an economic entity based on the stakeholder approach; improvement of criteria for analysis and evaluation of sustainable development of an economic entity based on based on the requirements of stakeholders.
For students, postgraduates and teachers of economic universities and faculties, as well as a wide range of readers interested in economic development issues.
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Pontes, Acelino. Fenomenologia Da Ampla Defesa e Do Contradit�rio: - Paradigmas Axiol�gicos e Jur�dicos. Independently Published, 2019.
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Bader, Veit. Raising Claims and Dealing with Claims in a ‘Mobile World’ of ‘Superdiversity’: Institutions and Policies of Accommodation under Pressure. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474428231.003.0011.
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Global migration has become more diversified and also the settlement, citizenship and integration package has changed. These changes have important consequences for cultures and identity-definitions, for the socio-political conditions of collective action and claims-making, for established institutional policy-patterns and dealing with claims, for citizenship and democratic representation, and for theories of multiculturalism. My focus is on changing socio-political conditions of collective action because it seems to be the empirically least researched topic and because the competing, fashionable paradigms – ‘intersectionalism’, ‘transnationalism’, ‘mobility’ or ‘superdiversity’ – are kryptonormative, overgeneralized and misleading. I start with conceptual, theoretical, empirical and normative objections against the superdiversity paradigm because it seems to have rapidly increasing traction. Next, however, I proceed from the criticized assumption that superdiversity diagnoses would be empirically true: If, and to the degree to which, cultural practices get more radically flexible, hybrid and fluid and objective social positions, collective identity definitions, netness, groupness and organizations would get fluid and flexible, less stable claims-making can be expected: immigrant ethno-religious minorities of all kinds would loose collective voice. Contrary to the normative praise of superdiversity and ‘individualization’ and of ‘diversity-policies’ this would be – in the real world of structural power-asymmetries – not a praiseworthy utopia but a nightmare.
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Sánchez-Pástor, Franklin Marcelo, and Alba Susana Valarezo-Cueva. El Camino de regreso a casa. Una pedagogía del buen vivir desde la complejidad. Fundación Koinonía, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35381/978-980-7792-59-2.
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La investigación nace como un espacio de reflexión en el Proyecto de investigación “Laboratorio de Antropología Social Lojano” de la Universidad Nacional de Loja y se presenta como una alternativa, en la búsqueda por alcanzar una vida en armonía, considerando la vida plena como medida del Buen Vivir. Que requiere un gran compromiso de las autoridades en los diferentes niveles políticos y educativos, a fin de alcanzar una operativización efectiva para llevarnos a una ecologización de saberes, de lo contrario correremos el riesgo de continuar aplicando el paradigma tradicional, lo que no genera cambios al estatus quo
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Strawson, Galen. Consciousness Is Not Memory. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691161006.003.0009.
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This chapter argues that consciousness—Lockean consciousness—is not the same as memory, contrary to what many have assumed. It explains how the primary and paradigm case of consciousness involves no memory at all: it's the consciousness one has of one's own experience and action in the present, the consciousness that's “inseparable from thinking” (that is, experience), “essential to it,” essentially constitutive of it. One can be fully conscious in this fundamental way and have no memory at all, or only a few seconds' worth. Consciousness of past actions and experiences, which involves memory, is just one special case of consciousness. The chapter also considers Marya Schechtman's claim that John Locke uses the word “memory” many times in his discussion of personal identity, but “when he tells us what personal identity consists in, he always talks about extension of consciousness and never about memory connections.”
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Mooshammer, Sandra. He, she, it - Vertrauen muss mit? : Auswirkungen geschlechtsneutraler Stimmen in Sprachassistenten auf ihre Vertrauenswürdigkeit. Technische Universität Dresden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.414.
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Almost 70 % of the currently existing language assistance systems only use female voices. Assistants with male voices or with the option to choose between different options, on the other hand, are clearly in the minority. Technologies that emit social cues are treated like social actors in accordance with the CASA paradigm. As a result, stereotypes, for example, can be applied to voice assistants who indicate a specific gender - an effect that has already been observed in various research. With the development of the gender-neutral voice Q through a merger of Danish companies and organizations, the question arose in 2019 whether this would avoid the use of stereotypes or, on the contrary, neutral voices are perceived as unpleasant. This was considered in the master's thesis with regard to trust in a language assistance system. For this purpose, a gender-neutral voice was developed and compared in an online experiment with a male and a female voice that spoke about a stereotypically male, a stereotypically female or a neutral topic. It was found that the neutral voice was assigned a lower level of trustworthiness in some variables - even if it was perceived as male or female. The gender assignment, in turn, was dependent on which gender the test subjects assigned the topic about which the voice was speaking. The results suggest that the ambiguity and unfamiliarity of the neutral voice leads to a poorer rating. It must therefore be doubted that such projects can lead to a broad-based overcoming of stereotypes, but on the contrary even bring about and consolidate negative reactions to entities that do not correspond to the gender norm.
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Rasmussen, Joel D. S., Judith Wolfe, and Johannes Zachhuber, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Nineteenth-Century Christian Thought. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198718406.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of Nineteenth-Century Christian Thought offers a comprehensive assessment of the various ways in which Christian thought has found expression -during the long nineteenth century; how it has been influenced by contemporaneous scientific, social, political, and cultural developments; and how it has in its turn impacted all areas of Western life and thought during this period. Its contributors accept that, contrary to earlier views, the nineteenth century was less a period of secularization than one of dynamic, innovative, and diverse transformations of Christian thought, even if these were often expressed in new, non-traditional, and often controversial forms. Consequently, the volume starts with a section on 'paradigm shifts' underlying intellectual engagements with Christianity during the period, and proceeds to explorations of the role Christian thought played in various aspects of nineteenth-century society and culture. Further sections of the Handbook provide overviews of confessional developments and more strictly theological ideas throughout the long nineteenth century. In this way, the Handbook provides a comprehensive and definitive overview of a field of study central to the work of theologians, scholars of religion and literature, historians, historians of art, philosophers, and anthropologists.
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Caianiello, Michele. Premesse per una teoria del pregiudizio effettivo. Bononia University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30682/sg260.
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Si può muovere una critica al metodo tradizionale di concepire le invalidità degli atti nel processo penale, così fermamente improntato alla legalità formale: esso non sembra più in grado di rappresentare efficacemente la realtà. La tradizione culturale dominante, in questo settore, appare sempre più lontana sia dal raffigurare il fenomeno, sia dall’instradarne idealmente lo sviluppo, a tal punto che vien da chiedersi se non sia il caso di cercare nuovi paradigmi di riferimento. La ricerca qui condotta si concentra sul tema del pregiudizio effettivo, per verificare se e come sia possibile adottare, nel sistema italiano, un simile parametro quando ci si appresti a stabilire se un atto processuale sia invalido. L’operazione appare a prima vista delicata, e aperta a forti critiche, aprendo il varco a modelli, sistemi di ragionamento e approcci distanti da quelli che fanno parte della nostra tradizione culturale. Si potrebbe sostenere, in senso radicalmente contrario, che compito della dottrina sia principalmente riaffermare i principi e metodi consolidati, senza accettare compromessi – spesso discutibili sul piano sistematico – con le evoluzioni proposte dalla casistica. Il rischio, tuttavia, e quello di finire per subire una trasformazione epocale invece di provare a governarla. Se non si vuole accettare d’esser relegati al solo ruolo di passiva testimonianza, occorre dunque provare a interferire con i mutamenti in atto, cercando di innestarvi razionalità: del resto, questa dovrebbe essere, da sempre, la ragione fondativa della dottrina, nell’ambito delle scienze sociali.
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Shifres, Flavio, and María Inés Burcet, eds. Escuchar y pensar la música. Editorial de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (EDULP), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.35537/10915/37286.
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Este libro presenta una propuesta para el desarrollo de las habilidades de audición que se basa en el trabajo de más de una década de la Cátedra de Educación Auditiva de la Universidad Nacional de la Plata tanto en el área de docencia como en el campo de la investigación. No es un método de Audioperceptiva o Entrenamiento Auditivo (<i>ear training</i> o <i>aural training</i>), ya que, como se verá, las ideas vertidas aquí no buscan orientar una acción cronológicamente organizada ni pretenden imponer una didáctica basada en una secuencia de contenidos y actividades determinadas. Por el contrario, se presentan las bases teóricas y metodológicas para un abordaje flexible y situado de los problemas que atañen al desarrollo de las habilidades de audición. Además, tanto el marco teórico de la Audioperceptiva, que prescribe cómo se escucha la música, como el paradigma psicológico que fundamenta las prácticas del Entrenamiento Auditivo serán aquí objeto de una profunda crítica. Comprender la particularidad de esta propuesta, entonces, requiere conocer el alcance del trabajo de la cátedra mencionada y sus necesidades específicas derivadas de las características de sus destinatarios inmediatos, los estudiantes del Ciclo de Formación Básica en música de la Facultad de Bellas Artes (UNLP), y orientadas a los perfiles de las carreras allí ofrecidas. <i>(Párrafo extraído del texto a modo de resumen)</i>
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Salcedo Martínez, Jorge Enrique, S. J., José David Cortés Guerrero, Carolina Abadía Quintero, Carlos Arboleda Mora, Sofía Brizuela Molina, Gabriel Cabrera Becerra, Fabio Hernán Carballo, et al. Historias del hecho religioso en Colombia. Editorial Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.9789587816174.
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En la década de los noventa, el estudio de la historia del hecho religioso en Colombia comenzó a explorar escenarios diferentes al catolicismo debido a varios factores. El primero afectó a todas las ciencias sociales en Occidente: la crisis de los grandes paradigmas ejemplificados en el final del socialismo real, la disolución de la URSS y la caída del Muro de Berlín. El segundo, vinculado con el anterior, fue la crisis del discurso excesivamente racionalista e ilustrado que pronosticaba, desde la década de los sesenta, la debacle de la religión. Por el contrario, lo que se vivió fue el reverdecimiento de las creencias, entre ellas las religiosas. El tercero tiene que ver con la explosión temática de la historia en Colombia, es decir, con la manera como diversos temas, entre ellos el hecho religioso, pasaron a ser objeto de investigación por parte de historiadores profesionales. El cuarto se relaciona con la Constitución Política de 1991, en la que quedó plasmada la libertad religiosa, que derivó en el reconocimiento y aumento de credos diferentes al católico en la cotidianidad. Treinta años después es notorio el auge de la historia en Colombia, por las múltiples temáticas que han surgido y se han consolidado. Ejemplo de ello es este libro que trata sobre las diversas historias del hecho religioso en el país.
Book chapters on the topic "A contrario paradigm"
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Cassano, Margherita, and Carlotta Conti. "Gli obiettivi della riforma Cartabia: nuovi paradigmi per un processo penale efficiente e garantista." In Giustizia sostenibile, 101–20. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0316-6.08.
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As is well known, in implementation of the NRP, the Cartabia reform made significant changes at numerous junctures of the criminal process. Despite the fact that an excessive focus on the efficiency profile of the procedure alone has been stigmatized from many quarters, the new legislation does not penalize the guarantees of the criminal process but, on the contrary, in many cases aims to enhance its scope. Of course, such a result can only be achieved with the responsible cooperation of all those acting on the trial scene.
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Fontana, Magda, and Marco Guerzoni. "Modelling Complexity with Unconventional Data: Foundational Issues in Computational Social Science." In Handbook of Computational Social Science for Policy, 107–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16624-2_5.
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AbstractThe large availability of data, often from unconventional sources, does not call for a data-driven and theory-free approach to social science. On the contrary, (big) data eventually unveil the complexity of socio-economic relations, which has been too often disregarded in traditional approaches. Consequently, this paradigm shift requires to develop new theories and modelling techniques to handle new types of information. In this chapter, we first tackle emerging challenges about the collection, storage, and processing of data, such as their ownership, privacy, and cybersecurity, but also potential biases and lack of quality. Secondly, we review data modelling techniques which can leverage on the new available information and allow us to analyse relationships at the microlevel both in space and in time. Finally, the complexity of the world revealed by the data and the techniques required to deal with such a complexity establishes a new framework for policy analysis. Policy makers can now rely on positive and quantitative instruments, helpful in understanding both the present scenarios and their future complex developments, although profoundly different from the standard experimental and normative framework. In the conclusion, we recall the preceding efforts required by the policy itself to fully realize the promises of computational social sciences.
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Gabriele, Alessia. "Le sospensioni della prestazione di lavoro per la cura di altri: alcuni spunti di riflessione." In Studi e saggi, 533–44. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0507-8.30.
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In homage to Prof. Riccardo Del Punta, this essay analyses the rules for parental leave and time off from the labour relationship due to right to family care. This issue is faced by analysing the legislation that deals with working hours and time off and parental leave. The A., following the path designed by the scholars, tries to configure a unique and general framework for time off and parental leave, by focusing on the objectives of protection. Moreover, the time off and parental leave for the right to care, in many cases, are not binding but, on the contrary, they are the workers’ free choice. This characteristic discourages the use of the right to care, and weakens it. After the transposition of dir. n. 2019/1158/EU, the two subjective dimensions (parents and carers) of the right to care are considered as one. However, the national legislation continues tracing two different schemes for the protection of the right to care, ignoring that the reasons of care are strictly connected with the life of the workers, and with their needs. Finally, the A. suggests that to achieve the effectiveness and efficacy of the rules of the right to care, it is necessary to promote a paradigm shift following the scheme suggested at the EU level.
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Bertrand, Aliènor. "Physique et métaphysique des plantes entre théâtre d’anatomie et théâtre des jardins au Grand Siècle." In L’humain et le végétal. Processus et formes de vie partagés, 175–93. Besançon: Presses universitaires de Franche-Comté, 2024. https://doi.org/10.4000/12w2w.
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Cet article a pour but de montrer en quoi il est nécessaire de mobiliser à la fois l’épistémologique historique et la métaphysique, mais aussi l’histoire sociale des sciences et l’anthropologie de la nature pour expliquer la façon dont le phénomène de la montée et de la circulation de la sève dans les plantes a été compris au XVIIe siècle. Contrairement à un topos trop répandu, le cartésianisme n’a pas fait disparaître l’hypothèse antique d’une âme végétante. Tout au contraire, sur le fond des transformations de la physique, notamment de la découverte du vide, mais aussi du transfert vers les végétaux des modèles de compréhension de la circulation sanguine, le paradigme mécaniste posait autant de problèmes qu’il n’en résolvait. Ceux-ci se sont trouvés traités différemment au théâtre de l’anatomie et au théâtre des jardins, en raison de pratiques des plantes différentes, représentées exemplairement par les observations de Claude Perrault et de Jean de La Quintinie. Pour autant, les controverses qui en ont résulté restent toutes marquées par un usage polymorphe des analogies : la systématisation de la comparaison des vivants avec des machines, et en l’occurrence, la théorisation de la croissance des plantes comme celles de machines productives et reproductives n’en est encore qu’à ses balbutiements.
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"6. Contrary Cases: Brazil and Argentina in Comparative Perspective." In Peddling Paradise, 91–122. Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781626371415-008.
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Alteri, Luca. "1969, prima e dopo. L’Autunno caldo come frattura secondo il paradigma della violenza politica." In Contratto o rivoluzione!, 251–71. Accademia University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.aaccademia.10207.
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Lavelle, Sylvain. "Paradigms of Governance." In Ethical Governance of Emerging Technologies Development, 126–48. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-3670-5.ch009.
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The elaboration of some paradigms of governance lies upon the opposition between the democratic and the non-democratic, namely, as will be shown and defined, the technocratic (skilled-based power), the ethocratic (virtue-based power), and the epistocratic (wisdom-based power). The point in this opposition is that, contrary to the democratic paradigm, the non-democratic ones assume that the condition for social rules or decisions to be valid is their reflecting, discussing and making by an elite of experts, virtuous or wise individuals or groups. There is no doubt in these paradigms a basic distrust as to the ability of the people to take in charge the public affairs and then to elaborate the appropriate standards and norms accounting for the regulation of actions and conducts. The re-construction of these four paradigms (the democratic and the non-democratic) can be illuminating as regards the interpretation of the actual expert and law-driven trends in the ethical governance of technology. It appears, indeed, that the paradigms of technocracy as well as that of ethocracy still operate in the design of governance settings aimed at regulating research and innovation projects.
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Lavelle, Sylvain. "Paradigms of Governance." In Human Rights and Ethics, 555–76. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6433-3.ch031.
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The elaboration of some paradigms of governance lies upon the opposition between the democratic and the non-democratic, namely, as will be shown and defined, the technocratic (skilled-based power), the ethocratic (virtue-based power), and the epistocratic (wisdom-based power). The point in this opposition is that, contrary to the democratic paradigm, the non-democratic ones assume that the condition for social rules or decisions to be valid is their reflecting, discussing and making by an elite of experts, virtuous or wise individuals or groups. There is no doubt in these paradigms a basic distrust as to the ability of the people to take in charge the public affairs and then to elaborate the appropriate standards and norms accounting for the regulation of actions and conducts. The re-construction of these four paradigms (the democratic and the non-democratic) can be illuminating as regards the interpretation of the actual expert and law-driven trends in the ethical governance of technology. It appears, indeed, that the paradigms of technocracy as well as that of ethocracy still operate in the design of governance settings aimed at regulating research and innovation projects.
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Cysouw, Michael. "Cognate Paradigms Revisited : Connecting the Dual." In The Paradigmatic Structure Of Person Marking, 269–94. Oxford University PressOxford, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199254125.003.0009.
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Abstract A pronominal paradigm is not an isolated, unchangeable structure. Quite the contrary: the structure of a pronominal paradigm is highly variable through time and space, and the variation in paradigmatic structure, even between closely related languages, is remarkable. Individually, pronominal elements are relatively stable, but the structure of pronominal paradigms appears to change rather easily. The resulting variability of paradigmatic structure might make one wary of any typological generalization or diachronic analysis of the paradigmatic structure because both types of investigation need an object with some stability to yield results. However, each of these analyses can be combined to compensate for the other’s deficiencies. Typology abstracts away from the small variations and focuses on the major transitions in the synchronic structure of human language. In contrast, historical-comparative study starts from small variations between close relatives to develop generalizations about diachronic. Typology can inform a comparative investigation about the chances with which a particular structure occurs. In return, comparative investigation can enhance a typology by adding transitions between the types distinguished. In this chapter, I will use a crypto-diachronic method to incorporate the typo-logy of dual marking from Chapter 7 into the cognitive map as established in the previous chapter. The typology of dual marking resulted in the Dual Explicitness Hierarchy. As a hypothesis, this typological hierarchy is interpreted as a pathway for diachronic change. I will use examples of cognate paradigms to test this hypothesis. If the hierarchy allows for a diachronic interpretation, I expect to find examples of cognate paradigms linking two paradigms that are adjacent on the hierarchy, approximating the dynamics of paradigmatic structure through time and space.
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Carvajal Martínez, Jorge Enrique. "Perspectivas o tipologías para abordar los problemas de investigación del derecho." In Tendencias de las investigaciones doctorales en derecho en Colombia, 37–45. Editorial Universidad Católica de Colombia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14718/9786287554207.2022.2.
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Los dilemas respecto de la investigación en general, cotidianamente, están dirigidos hacia la validación del conocimiento que postula el investigador. La comunidad académica receptora de la información está atenta a verificar la validez de los aportes o de un nuevo paradigma o, por el contrario, desacreditar la demostración pretendida de las tesis. En las ciencias causalistas o nomotéticas el deber de escrutinio resulta ser mucha más escueto, debido a la preponderancia del supuesto ontológico que califica la realidad como objetiva y aprehendida a través de un proceso cognitivo (Solis, 2005). Al contrario, en las ciencias de la sociedad, la discusión es amplia y difícilmente tiene una respuesta inequívoca.
Conference papers on the topic "A contrario paradigm"
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Frison, Caroline Bettini, Fernanda Fernandes Marchiori, and João Paulo Maciel de Abreu. "PBQP-H versus Quality II." In XX ENCONTRO NACIONAL DE TECNOLOGIA DO AMBIENTE CONSTRUÍDO, 1–10. UFAL, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46421/entac.v20i1.6251.
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Na indústria da construção o conceito de qualidade, pela perspectiva do erro e do retrabalho, refere-se à conformidade de um item às suas especificações. Assim, a relação causal entre esses conceitos, apesar de explorada pela literatura, continua sendo um problema nos canteiros de obra. Recentemente, pesquisas lançaram um novo olhar sobre o conceito de qualidade na construção, o Quality II, novo paradigma sobre a qualidade na construção, que ancora seu conceito em 4 pilares: gerenciamento de erros, segurança psicológica, resiliência e contrato psicológico. Diante desse novo paradigma conceitual, o objetivo do artigo é identificar quais dos pilares do Quality II podem ser encontrados no contexto da legislação brasileira voltada à qualidade das construções, em especial, no Programa Brasileiro da Qualidade e Produtividade do Habitat (PBQP-H). Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa documental. O presente estudo permitiu observar que existem pontos convergentes, como o compromisso gerencial de alto nível, porém, outros conceitos do Quality II poderiam ser inseridos no PBQP-H, como o gerenciamento de erros. Espera-se que o artigo aponte sugestões de melhoria ao PBQP-H, assim como testar os limites de aplicabilidade do Quality II no Brasil.
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Ciocarlan, Alina, Sylvie Le Hegarat-Mascle, Sidonie Lefebvre, Arnaud Woiselle, and Clara Barbanson. "A Contrario Paradigm for Yolo-Based Infrared Small Target Detection." In ICASSP 2024 - 2024 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp48485.2024.10446505.
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Sandoval Vásquez, Juan Carlos. "El Ecuador, original, volviendo a los origenes: en busca de los principios del ordenamiento territorial ancestral." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6125.
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El Ecuador está experimentado importantes cambios, entre ellos, la adopción de un nuevo paradigma de Desarrollo, el Sumak Kawsay, que emerge de la filosofía de los pueblos originarios y es incorporado en la Constitución Política del Ecuador como el Régimen y Derechos del Buen Vivir y Derechos de la Naturaleza. Otro cambio significativo es la importancia conferida al Ordenamiento Territorial al amparo de un nuevo marco normativo y una masiva experiencia de planificación en todos los niveles de gobierno. En este contexto están emergiendo también los Planes de Vida de los Territorios de las Comunidades Indígenas. Este trabajo inicial no busca dar respuesta a una pregunta previamente planteada, al contrario pretende presentar el tema y concluir con varias preguntas, cuyas futuras respuestas podrían iluminar el camino de esta investigación en busca de religar la relación del mundo occidental con la naturaleza a través de mirar a quienes jamás se han separado de ella. Ecuador is experiencing important changes, in them, the adoption of a new Developmental paradigm, the Sumak Kawsay, that arises from the philosophy of indigenous settlements and has been incorporated in the political Constitution of Ecuador as the Regime and Rights of Good Living and the Rights of Nature. Another significant change conferred importance to Land Planning under a new regulatory framework and a massive experience of planning at all levels of government. In this context, there are also emerging the Life Plans of the Territories of the Indigenous Communities. This work does not intend to answer a previously posed question, but on the contrary, it seeks to present the theme and conclude with various questions, whose future answers could potentially pave the way of linking the relationship of the Western world with nature by looking at those who never separated from it.
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MAKNICKIENĖ, Nijolė, Jovita MASĖNAITĖ, Viktorija STASYTYTĖ, and Raimonda MARTINKUTĖ-KAULIENĖ. "INVESTIGATION OF THE HERDING AND CONTRARIAN BEHAVIOUR OF INVESTORS." In International Scientific Conference „Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering". Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2021.596.
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Purpose – The paper analyses two different paradigms of investor behaviour that exist in the financial mar-ket – the herding and contrarian behaviour. The main objective of the paper is to determine which pattern of investor behaviour better reflects the real changes in the prices of financial instruments in the financial markets. Research methodology – Algorithms of technical analysis, deep learning and classification of sentiments were used for the research; data of positions held by investors were analysed. Data mining was performed using “Tweet Sentiment Visualization” tool. Findings – The performed analysis of investor behaviour has revealed that it is more useful to ground financial decisions on the opinion of the investors contradicting the majority. The analysis of the data on the positions held by investors helped to make sure that the herding behaviour could have a negative impact on investment results, as the opinion of the majority of investors is less in line with changes in the prices of financial instruments in the market. Research limitations – The study was conducted using a limited number of investment instruments. In the future, more investment instruments can be analysed and additional forecasting methods, as well as more records in social networks can be used. Practical implications – Identifying which paradigm of investor behaviour is more beneficial to rely on can offer ap-propriate practical guidance for investors in order to invest more effectively in financial markets. Investors could use investor sentiment data to make practical investment decisions. All the methods used complement each other and can be combined into one investment decision strategy. Originality/Value – The study compared the ratio of open positions not only with real price changes but also with data obtained from the known technical analysis, deep learning and sentiment classification algorithms, which has not been done in previous studies. The applied methods allowed to achieve reliable and original results.
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Barreto, Paulo S. L. M., Alexandre Machado Deusajute, Eduardo de Souza Cruz, Geovandro C. F. Pereira, and Rodrigo Rodrigues da Silva. "Toward Efficient Certificateless Signcryption from (and without) Bilinear Pairings." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Segurança da Informação e de Sistemas Computacionais. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbseg.2008.20892.
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In this paper we describe how to construct an efficient certificateless signcryption scheme. Contrary to the usual paradigm of converting identitybased encryption and signature schemes into a combined certificateless protocol, we adopt the approach of extending a conventional signcryption method with a certificateless key validation mechanism, resorting to the underlying identity-based techniques, and as a consequence to pairings, exclusively to validate the associated public keys. The result is as efficient as the underlying signcryption method as long as the amortized cost of this validation is low, as is the case of our concrete proposal.
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Bazzan, Ana L. C. "Lessons learned from one decade of developing agent-based tools for traffic modeling, simulation, and control: how to make cities smarter." In VIII Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas de Informação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbsi.2012.14431.
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While there is no definitive agenda for making cities smarter in terms of mobility, intuition says that information is key. However, contrarily to a more technical view, information should not only be consumed by the users, but also produced by them. This is already happening (smart-phones, social networks) but is far from being exploited by technical systems related to transportation. In this paper I discuss some of the issues related to more human-centered transportation system. It is argued that users of this system are somehow influencing it with their increasing coupled behaviors. Thus, there is a real opportunity for changing the paradigm in order to take advantage of the collective intelligence.
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van der Meulen, Dave. "Heavy Haul Railway Electrification: Experiences and Prospects." In 2010 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2010-36151.
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The paper sets out to consolidate relevant learning from South Africa’s two electric heavy haul operations, and relate it to practices in two significant heavy hauling countries, the US as font of heavy haul, and China that has established a significant presence in heavy haul. In comparing the present dominant diesel heavy haul with electric heavy haul, it is evident that the latter can offer sustainability through open system interaction with its environment. However, electric heavy haul solutions are still divergent, contrary to what one would expect in a globalized industry. Reviewing prospects for consideration leads to a main conclusion that future heavy haul electrification should rest on an open system approach within a smart total energy management paradigm.
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Jenkins, Ryan R., and Nejat Olgac. "Double Imaginary Root Degeneracies in Time-Delayed Systems and CTCR Treatment." In ASME 2017 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2017-5013.
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The dynamics we treat here is a very special and degenerate class of linear time-invariant time-delayed systems (LTI-TDS) with commensurate delays, which exhibit a double imaginary root for a particular value of the delay. The stability behavior of the system within the immediate proximity of this parametric setting which creates the degenerate dynamics is investigated. Several recent investigations also handled this class of systems from the perspective of calculus of variations. We approach the same problem from a different angle, using a recent paradigm called Cluster Treatment of Characteristic Roots (CTCR). We convert one of the parameters in the system into a variable and perturb it around the degenerate point of interest, while simultaneously varying the delay. Clearly, only a particular selection of this arbitrary parameter and the delay enforce the degeneracy. All other adjacent points would be free of the mentioned degeneracy, and therefore can be handled with the CTCR paradigm. Analysis then reveals that the parametrically limiting stability behavior of the dynamics can be extracted by simply using CTCR. The results are shown to be very much aligned with the other investigations on the problem. Simplicity and numerical speed of CTCR may be considered as practical advantages in analyzing such systems. This approach also exhibits the capabilities of CTCR in handling these degenerate cases contrary to the convictions in earlier reports. An example case study is provided to demonstrate these features.
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García Ramírez, William. "Tres ideas, dos siglos, una ciudad: la evolución de un paradigma urbano arquitectónico en la Bogotá decimonónica." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Maestría en Planeación Urbana y Regional. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6076.
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Este artículo trata de las reflexiones teóricas surgidas a partir de la necesidad de pensar el desarrollo urbano de
la ciudad de Bogotá posterior a su independencia de España en 1810. El interés por verificar este tema, surge
de la aceptación generalizada en considerar que, durante este periodo, no existen reflexiones teóricas al
respecto, y por el contrario, el urbanismo y la arquitectura hechos en Colombia obedecen a la adopción de
“patrones formales accidentalmente caídos en estas latitudes, carentes de nexos con la incipiente identidad
cultural”; lo que niega cualquier posibilidad de reflexión local y demerita los valores de estas arquitecturas. En
este sentido se aborda el tema, excediendo la tradicional metodología centrada en el análisis estilístico de
planimetrías, para perseguir su dimensión teórica, a partir de dos fuentes: El Gobierno de la ciudad, como
generador de las políticas urbanas, y el Arquitecto, como generador de las ideas que sustentan sus proyectos. This paper is about the theoretical discussions from the need to think the urban development of Bogota later to
his independence of Spain about 1810. The interest to check this topic arises from the general acceptance in
thinking that during this period theoretical reflections did not exist on this matter, and the urbanism and the
architecture done then in Colombia obey the adoption of " formal bosses accidental fallen in these latitudes,
lacking in links with the incipient cultural identity "; what denies any possibility of local reflection and devaluates
the importance of these architectures. In this respect, the topic is approached exceeding the traditional
methodology centred on the stylistic analysis of mappings, to chase the theoretical dimension, from two sources:
The Government of the city, as generator of the urban policies, and the Architect, as generator of the ideas that
sustain his projects.
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Wu, You, Lara Schmidt, Matthew Parker, John Strong, Michael Bruns, and Viniyak Karthik Ramani. "ACTIVE-Hand: Automatic Configurable Tactile Interaction in Virtual Environment." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71326.
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We present a novel, low-power and untethered pneumatic haptic device, namely the ACTIVE-Hand, for realistic and real-time 3D gaming experience. Currently, body-motion based 3D gaming systems primarily use visual feedback to provide partly immersive gaming experiences. Tactile feedback systems in Virtual Reality provide immersion with high tactile resolution, but they are expensive and difficult to setup and calibrate. The conceptually economical modular design of the ACTIVE-Hand allows easily configurable tactile feedback as per application requirements. Contrary to commercial systems like Wii™ which provide global vibrations as a proxy for synthetic tactile feed-back, the ACTIVE Hand is comparably lightweight, yet scalable to meet localized tactile resolution requirements. The ACTIVE-Hand provides controllable pulses for dynamic virtual interactions such as pressing virtual buttons and hitting moving virtual balls. We successfully demonstrate the paradigm of dynamic tactile interactions in virtual environments through a 3D Pong game by integrating the ACTIVE-Hand with Kinect™ camera.
Reports on the topic "A contrario paradigm"
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Chong, Alberto E., and Mark Gradstein. Is the World Flat?: Or Do Countries Still Matter? Inter-American Development Bank, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010888.
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This paper revisits the effects of a country`s institutional framework on individual firms` behavior, in particular focusing on their propensity to comply with legal rules. The theoretical model presented here suggests that these effects may be of paramount significance contrary to the recently popularized paradigm arguing that differences across countries have ceased to matter much. This paper`s empirical strategy consists of explaining the variation in measures of non-compliance with legal rules and employs a rich dataset based on thousands of firms from dozens of countries. We find that most of the variation emanates from country-wide differences in institutional quality, although some firm characteristics play a role as well. Our conclusion is that countries still matter in providing institutional infrastructure, which determines to a large extent the context within which firms operate.
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Peirano, Marta. Hacia una nueva ilustración digital europea. Fundación Carolina, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/issn-e.1885-9119.dtfo03.
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Europa mantiene una posición delicada en la configuración del nuevo paradigma digital global. Por un lado, lidera la creación de marcos regulatorios capaces de imponer valores democráticos que garanticen un entorno digital más seguro y más justo, y constituye uno de los mercados con más proyección e influencia internacional. Por el otro, carece de una industria propia capaz de competir con los grandes bloques antagónicos de China y EE.UU., y delega el desarrollo de las grandes infraestructuras digitales a las grandes plataformas tecnológicas que amenazan su soberanía. Este contexto viene agravado por tres crisis interconectadas: la crisis climática, la crisis energética y la crisis política. Las decisiones que ahora tomemos serán determinantes a la hora de posicionarnos como una fuerza política capaz de trascender las patologías del capitalismo y defender el Estado del bienestar con la creación de redes productivas basadas en la cooperación. O, por el contrario, nos enfrentaremos a los retos de los próximos años como subordinados de tecnologías ajenas que ejercen un poder sin responsabilidades sobre nuestro territorio y nuestra sociedad.