Relevant bibliographies by topics / A-540

Academic literature on the topic 'A-540'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 27 July 2024
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "A-540"

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Özbek, Osman, and Mustafa Ahmed Jalal Al-Sammarraie. "Determination of Operating Characteristics of 540 and 540E PTO Applications in Disc Type Silage Machines." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 8, no. 8 (August 30, 2020): 1692–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i8.1692-1696.3462.

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In this study, performance characteristics such as power take off (PTO) power consumption, fuel consumption, fuel consumption for the unit field-unit product were determined at different working speeds with two different PTO applications (540 and 540E) in a single row disc type silage machine. In particular, the 540E PTO application greatly reduces fuel consumption for unit work. The best results in terms of hourly fuel consumption were achieved in 540E PTO application and V1 working speed. When the field - product fuel consumption is evaluated, the best results were obtained with the 540E PTO application at the V3 working speed. When an evaluation is made considering all the parameters, it is concluded that the 540E PTO application will provide certain advantages in terms of fuel consumption compared to the 540 PTO application for the silage machine operating by taking the motion from PTO. 540E PTO application can be used as an important alternative to 540 PTO application for machines of similar capacity and features.
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Frestika, Mia Yuliana, Rina Dewi Mayasari, Masmui Masmui, Agustanhakri Agustanhakri, R. Ibrahim Purawiardi, Yuliasari Yuliasari, Ahmad Novi Muslimin, Muhammad Dani, Agus Setyo Budi, and Ratno Nuryadi. "INVESTIGASI PEMBENTUKKAN IKATAN Zn-O RODS DI ATAS PERMUKAAN MIKROKANTILEVER DENGAN UJI KARAKTERISASI FTIR." SPEKTRA: Jurnal Fisika dan Aplikasinya 2, no. 2 (August 31, 2017): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/spektra.022.01.

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In this work, ZnO (Zinc Oxide) rods, which is a sensitive material for gas detection, are grown on a microcantilever surface by hydrothermal technique. Synthesis of ZnO rods consists of two processes, i.e., a formation of seed layer using Zinc Acetate Dihydrate by a dip-coating and a growth of the ZnO rods using Zinc-Nitrate-Tetrahydrate at a temperature 95°C for time variations of 2 hours, 4 hours and 6 hours. Drying condition for both seed layer and growth of ZnO rods was done at a temperature of 120 oC for 2 hours. The ZnO rods were then characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) in order to investigate the formation of Zn-O bond. The characterization results indicate that the metal oxide correlation is shown in the wavenumber spectrum of 540 cm-1 for a sample with 2-hour growth time, while the wavenumber spectrum of 548 cm-1 and 547 cm-1 for the growth time of ZnO rods for 4 hours and 6 hours. Wavenumber spectrum approximately at 540-548 cm-1 is predicted to be the absorption of the formation of a Zn-O bond. Keyword: Microcantilever, ZnO rods, dip-coating, hydrothermal, growth time dependent.
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Zhan, Shuyu, Xiaohui Fan, Feng Zhang, Yi Wang, Liyuan Kang, and Zheng Li. "Correction: A proteomic study of Shengmai injection's mechanism on preventing cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury via energy metabolism modulation." Molecular BioSystems 12, no. 2 (2016): 674–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5mb90052b.

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Correction for ‘A proteomic study of Shengmai injection's mechanism on preventing cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury via energy metabolism modulation’ by Shuyu Zhan et al., Mol. BioSyst., 2015, 11, 540–548.
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Chen, Yi-Ning, Ching Ching Wu, Tom Bryan, Tom Hooper, Donna Schrader, and Tsang Long Lin. "PATHOGENICITY, IMMUNOGENICITY, PROTECTION EFFICACY, AND SPIKE PROTEIN GENE SEQUENCE OF A HIGH-PASSAGE TURKEY CORONAVIRUS SERIALLY PASSAGED IN EMBRYONATED TURKEY EGGS." Taiwan Veterinary Journal 44, no. 04 (December 2018): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1682648518500075.

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Experimental infection of a high-passage turkey coronavirus passaged serially in embryonated turkey eggs for 344 times (P344 TCoV 540) showed no enteritis-related clinical signs, decreased body weight gains, gross, and microscopic lesions. TCoV spike (S) protein specific antibodies appeared from 14 days post infection (dpi) and increased gradually. Virus neutralization (VN) titers of the serum from P344 TCoV 540-inoculated turkeys were 1:13 at 14 dpi, 1:16 at 28 dpi, and 1:36 at 56 dpi against P344 TCoV 540. P344 TCoV 540-inoculated turkeys were protected against the challenge by homologous P344 TCoV 540 completely or low passage P3 TCoV 540 partially as revealed by lack of histopathological alterations, absence of TCoV by immunofluorescent antibody assay in the intestines, and reduction in TCoV viral RNA loads in the intestines and feces. The serum from P344 TCoV 540-vaccinated turkeys had higher VN titers against P344 TCoV 540 than those against P3 TCoV 540. P344 TCoV 540 had 52 amino acid substitutions as compared to those of P3 TCoV in the S protein. The results indicated that a high passage TCoV can induce protective humoral and cellular immune response and have potentials to become an attenuated vaccine.
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Lin, Hsiao-Yin, Chin-Tin Chen, and Ching-Tsan Huang. "Use of Merocyanine 540 for Photodynamic Inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus Planktonic and Biofilm Cells." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 11 (November 2004): 6453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.11.6453-6458.2004.

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ABSTRACT Photodynamic inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus planktonic and biofilm cells by a phtotosensitizer, merocyanine 540 (MC 540), was investigated. For the planktonic experiments, MC 540 binding efficiency to bacterial cells was found to increase with both increasing MC 540 concentration and increasing incubation time, but the binding became saturated following 10 min of incubation. The antimicrobial activity was enhanced with an increasing light dose, but an increase in the light dose could not further improve the antimicrobial activity if the maximum excitation level attainable was less than the necessary minimum threshold level. Complete inactivation was achieved when the excitation level of MC 540 was somewhere above the threshold level. The relationship between antimicrobial activity and the excitation level of MC 540 revealed that the more MC 540 was excited, the more S. aureus cells were killed. For the biofilm experiments, the antimicrobial activity was enhanced with an increase in the light dose. No viable cells were detected when organisms were exposed to 15 μg of MC 540 per ml and a light dose of 600 J/cm2 or to 20 μg of MC 540 per ml and a light dose of 450 J/cm2. A quantitative analysis of MC 540 bound to biofilms was also performed, and the images from confocal laser scanning microscopy provided direct evidence that revealed the difference between the MC 540 remaining in the biofilms prior to irradiation and the MC 540 remaining in the biofilms after irradiation. The results of both the planktonic and biofilm experiments suggest that the antimicrobial activity of photodynamic inactivation of S. aureus is closely related to the excitation level of MC 540.
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Whitby, Michael. "A Defence of the Traditional Chronology of 542–545, Again." Classica Cracoviensia 26 (December 29, 2023): 219–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/cc.26.2023.26.04.

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The chronology of the campaigns of the years 542–545 has been the subject of debate, with Michael Whitby defending the traditional interpretation that Procopius’ long account of the bubonic plague concealed the end of the year 542, whereas Geoffrey Greatrex has championed the chronology of Kislinger and Stathakopoulos, which locates Khusro’s march to Adarbiganon and the Roman defeat at Anglon in late 542 and the siege of Edessa in 543, with Procopius failing to note the end of a year during peace negotiations in 544–545. Considerations of the progress of Khusro I’s invasion in 542 in light of his probable speed of march, and the distances he had to cover, coupled with the relatively slow advance of bubonic plague over large land masses and Procopius’ practice in arranging his material, point to the missing year-end, being that of 542/543. While the new chronology cannot absolutely be ruled out, the assumptions on which it is based are shaky.
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SEMENOVA, Irina, Zouqi WU, Ichiro HAGIWARA, and Junichi SHINODA. "540 A NEW ERROR-MEASURE FOR COMPARISON SHAPES." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2005.1 (2005): 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2005.1.0_49.

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Lum, LG, M. Yamagami, BR Giddings, I. Joshi, SL Schober, LL Sensenbrenner, and F. Sieber. "The immunoregulatory effects of merocyanine 540 on in vitro human T- and B-lymphocyte functions." Blood 77, no. 12 (June 15, 1991): 2701–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v77.12.2701.2701.

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Abstract Merocyanine 540 (MC 540) is a photoactive dye used to purge bone marrow of tumor cells in autologous bone marrow transplantation. The effects of MC 540 on the lymphoid components in the marrow are unknown. This study evaluates the treatment of lymphocytes by MC 540 (15 micrograms/mL) and light (70 W/m2) on: (1) phytohemagglutinin and Con A- induced proliferation; (2) allogeneic mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC); (3) the regulation of Ig synthesis by T cells; and (4) the ability of B cells to produce polyclonal Igs as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-plaque assay. The results show that MC 540 and light treatment reduced Con A-stimulated T-cell proliferation greater than 50% after 30 minutes and greater than 80% after 60 minutes of MC 540-sensitized photoirradiation. Ninety minutes of MC 540 and light exposure (designated treatment) inhibited MLC greater than 90%. In polyclonal Ig synthesis, T-cell helper activity could be abrogated by 90 minutes of treatment in cocultures containing untreated B cells. Purified B cells treated for 90 minutes cocultured with normal T cells did not produce Ig. Treatment of B cells completely inhibited Epstein- Barr virus-stimulated Ig synthesis. These data show that T- and B-cell immunity is suppressed by the MC 540-sensitized photoirradiation. Treatment of bone marrow with MC 540 and light may have profound effects on immune reconstitution in autologous marrow graft recipients. More provocative is the fact that the same immunomodulatory effects may be applicable to partially mismatched marrow transplant situations as a means of reducing graft-versus-host reactions.
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Lum, LG, M. Yamagami, BR Giddings, I. Joshi, SL Schober, LL Sensenbrenner, and F. Sieber. "The immunoregulatory effects of merocyanine 540 on in vitro human T- and B-lymphocyte functions." Blood 77, no. 12 (June 15, 1991): 2701–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v77.12.2701.bloodjournal77122701.

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Merocyanine 540 (MC 540) is a photoactive dye used to purge bone marrow of tumor cells in autologous bone marrow transplantation. The effects of MC 540 on the lymphoid components in the marrow are unknown. This study evaluates the treatment of lymphocytes by MC 540 (15 micrograms/mL) and light (70 W/m2) on: (1) phytohemagglutinin and Con A- induced proliferation; (2) allogeneic mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC); (3) the regulation of Ig synthesis by T cells; and (4) the ability of B cells to produce polyclonal Igs as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-plaque assay. The results show that MC 540 and light treatment reduced Con A-stimulated T-cell proliferation greater than 50% after 30 minutes and greater than 80% after 60 minutes of MC 540-sensitized photoirradiation. Ninety minutes of MC 540 and light exposure (designated treatment) inhibited MLC greater than 90%. In polyclonal Ig synthesis, T-cell helper activity could be abrogated by 90 minutes of treatment in cocultures containing untreated B cells. Purified B cells treated for 90 minutes cocultured with normal T cells did not produce Ig. Treatment of B cells completely inhibited Epstein- Barr virus-stimulated Ig synthesis. These data show that T- and B-cell immunity is suppressed by the MC 540-sensitized photoirradiation. Treatment of bone marrow with MC 540 and light may have profound effects on immune reconstitution in autologous marrow graft recipients. More provocative is the fact that the same immunomodulatory effects may be applicable to partially mismatched marrow transplant situations as a means of reducing graft-versus-host reactions.
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Tong, Zhi Peng, Shou Zhi Pu, Shi Qiang Cui, and Wei Jun Liu. "Synthesis and Optoelectronic Properties of a New Photochromic Diarylethene Bearing a Cyano Group." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 2419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.2419.

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A newunsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene 1-(2-cyanophenyl)-2-[2-methy-5-(3-fluorophenyl)-3-thienyl]perfluorocyclopentene (1a) has been synthesized. Its photochromic properties in solution and PMMA film were investigated. Diarylethene 1a changed the color from colorless to purple upon irradiation with 297 nm UV light, in which absorption maxima were observed at 540 nm in hexane and at 545 nm in PMMA film, respectively. This new photochromic system also exhibited remarkable fluorescence switching in the solid state. The results demonstrated that it can be potentially used as polarization holographic optical recording medium.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "A-540"

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Haugsten, Hansen Thomas. "Offshore Wind Farm Layouts : Performance Comparison for a 540 MW Offshore Wind Farm." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electrical Power Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9990.

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This master thesis has been written at the Department of Electric Power Engineering at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. The work has been carried out at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, where the author spent the last year of his studies as an exchange student. In the thesis, six different designs of the electrical grid of a 540 MW offshore wind farm, placed 100km off the Norwegian coast, have been studied and compared. At this distance, AC cable transmission might be difficult because of the reactive power production in the cables. Taking this into consideration, two options for the transmission system to shore have been studied. In addition to the AC cable transmission, voltage source converter based HVDC transmission, in the form of HVDC Light, has been studied, giving a total of 12 models. The main scope of the thesis was to study the load flow situation and power system performance of the different offshore wind farm layouts. Two load flow cases were run for each model; the first studying the model when the active power transmission to shore was maximized, the second studying the model under a contingency situation. The reliability of the six designs was compared by calculating the expected number of cable failures during the life time of the wind farm for each design, and what consequence the disconnection of any cable would have on the power losses. In order to study the effect of the offshore grid design and transmission system design on the offshore power system stability, dynamic simulations have also been executed, and the voltage response and rotor speed response following a fault have been studied. All simulations have been executed in version 31 of the program PSS/E. The wind farm was modeled full scale, consisting of 108 wind turbines rated at 5MW. The wind turbines were modeled as doubly fed induction generators, using the generic wind model that comes with the program. The load flow simulations showed that an AC cable connection to shore gave lower total system losses than a DC connection for all designs. The lowest losses were found at the n-sided ring design in the AC/AC system, and the highest losses were found for the star design in the AC/DC system. These losses were 2.33% and 8.19% of the total installed capacity, respectively. In the dynamic simulations, a three phase short circuit fault, lasting 150ms, was applied at three different places in the system. The simulations showed that except from at the wind turbines that were islanded as a result of a fault, all dynamic responses were stable. The HVDC Light transmission to shore gave the highest voltage drops and the lowest voltage peaks offshore. Also, the maximum speed deviation was found to be larger when using HVDC Light transmission compared to using AC cables, with two exceptions; the radial and star designs when a fault was applied to the transmission system. A comparison of the six different grid designs showed that the results were varying. Based on the results in this thesis it has not been concluded that one of the offshore designs have better dynamic qualities than the other. The simulation results indicated that this is case specific, and more dependent on where in the offshore grid the fault occurs rather than the design of the offshore grid.

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Siebert, Torsten Uwe. "Four-wave mixing techniques applied to the investigation of non-adiabatic dynamics in polyatomic molecules." Doctoral thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=966017331.

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Canadell, Ayats Judit. "Synthesis of polymers with combined flame retardance and low shrinkage properties." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9016.

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Durant les últimes dècades, els materials polimèrics han anat substituint els materials convencionals degut a que són més versàtils, menys densos i presenten interessants propietats. No obstant, presenten com a greu inconvenient, la seva inherent combustibilitat i en presència d'una font de calor i d'oxigen es cremen fàcil i ràpidament. El problema que es planteja és doble, ja que no només es perden les propietats del material sinó que el fum i els gasos tòxics que es desprenen són els principals responsables del perill que suposa un incendi.
En aquests darrers anys s'han desenvolupat diferents estratègies per minimitzar la inflamabilitat dels materials polimèrics, com són la incorporació d'additius o la modificació de l'estructura química dels polímers comercials i la síntesis de polímers específics. La primera opció, àmpliament utilitzada en la indústria per raons econòmiques, presenta alguns inconvenients, ja que els additius es poden extreure amb aigua o dissolvents, poden migrar i poden disminuir les propietats físiques i químiques del material. La incorporació de l'element químic responsable de la resistència al foc, de forma que estigui químicament enllaçat al polímer, permet solucionar part dels problemes abans mencionats per als additius.
Tot i que en aquests últims anys hi ha hagut un increment en el nombre d'heteroelements utilitzats com a retardants a la flama, el mercat està encara dominat per compostos halogenats. Aquests compostos que són altament efectius, interferint amb les reaccions responsables de la propagació de la flama, presenten com a greu inconvenient que durant la seva combustió es desprenen gasos molt tòxics i corrosius. Per aquest motiu, s'estan fent molts esforços en el camp de la investigació en la cerca de nous retardants a la flama lliures d'halògens, que siguin més respectuosos amb el medi ambient i menys agressius en cas d'un incendi. Els compostos fosforats i sililats han demostrat ser efectius retardants a la flama més respectuosos ambientalment.
Un altre problema dels materials polimèrics és l'encongiment que pateixen durant la polimerització i el curat, que té conseqüències negatives en el producte final. Per exemple, en polímers que s'utilitzen com adhesius, es poden trobar zones amb menor capacitat d'adhesió al substrat. Quan s'utilitzen com a recubriments es poden produir tensions internes que poden generar esquerdes i cavitats en el material, reduint la seva durabilitat. En l'actualitat, aquesta problemàtica s'està minimitzant incorporant càrregues, però aquesta metòdica presenta alguns inconvenients ja que augmenta la viscositat del sistema, dificultant el processat i condueix a materials més rígids i fràgils. Una alternativa és utilitzar el que es coneix com a "monòmers expandibles", és a dir, aquells que durant el procés de curat no sofreixen contracció o que fins i tot s'expandeixen lleugerament. Entre els monòmers expandibles més utilitzats es troben els espiroortoesters.
Amb aquests antecedents, el que es va proposar en aquest treball és l'obtenció de nous materials ignifugants, lliures d'halògens, que presentin un baix encongiment durant la polimerització i el curat. Per assolir aquest objectiu, s'han desenvolupat diferents estratègies que a continuació s'exposen breument:
1. Síntesi de nous monòmers basats en espiroortoesters que continguin fòsfor o silici en la seva estructura. En concret, s'han sintetitzat dos espiroortoesters fosforats, el propanoat de (1,4,6-trioxaespiro [4.4] nonà-2-il)-metil-3-[10-(9,10-dihidro-9-oxa-9-fosfafenantrè-10-òxid-10-il)] i el maleat de bis[(1,4,6-trioxaespiro [4.4] nonà-2-il)-metil 2-[10-(9,10-dihidro-9-oxa-9-fosfafenantrè-10-òxid)] i un de sililat, el propanoat de 1,4,6-trioxaespiro [4.4]-2-nonilmetil 3-trimetil silil. Aquests nous monòmers s'han obtingut amb bons rendiments mitjançant la modificació d'espiroortoesters prèviament sintetitzats en el laboratori a partir d'una reacció d'esterificació o una addició de Michael. Els espiroortoesters precursors s'han obtingut per al mètode tradicional, a partir de la reacció de la -butirolactona i un epòxid.
S'ha estudiat la polimerització i copolimerització d'aquests espiroortoesters amb reïnes epoxi comercials amb triflat d'iterbi com a iniciador.
A més, també s'ha estudiat l'efecte de combinar fòsfor i silici en el mateix material, amb l'objectiu d'investigar un possible sinergisme entre els dos elements.
2. Síntesi de nous polímers linials que continguin fósfor i grups espiroortoester en la cadena lateral, a través de copolimeritzacions radicalàries entre un espiroortoester que conté un grup acrilat en la seva estructura i diferents monòmers fosforats. Aquests nous polímers s'han entrecreuat posteriorment amb triflat d'iterbi com a iniciador catiònic, a través de la doble obertura de l'espiroortoester.
També, s'ha investigat la copolimerització catiònica entre el polímer lineal que conté un espiroortoester en la cadena lateral i diferents mescles de reïnes epoxi. Mitjançant l'ús de reïnes epoxi fosforades, prèviament sintetitzades al laboratori, s'ha introduït fòsfor en el material final, aconseguint així millorar les propietats de retardància a la flama.
3. Finalment, s'ha estudiat un nou mètode de copolimerització d'espiroortoesters amb reïnes epoxi utilitzant radiacions de microones, per tal de reduir el temps de curat, i s'han comparat els resultats amb el mètode d'escalfament convencional.
Over the last few decades, the polymeric materials has been replaced the conventional materials due to the versatility, low density, and their interesting properties. However, they present as an important limitation, their high flammability and in presence of heat and oxygen, they burn easily and rapidly. The problem is not only the destruction of the material but the smoke and toxic gases which are the main causes of hazards in a fire.
In the last years different strategies have been developed to minimize the flammability of polymeric materials, such as the use of additives, the modification of commercial polymers or through the synthesis of specific polymers. The first strategy is the most widely use in the industry because is the most economic way to achieve flame retardancy. Nevertheless, this method has several disadvantages, because the additives have to be used in relatively high concentrations and this may affect the physical and mechanical properties of the material. Also, additives may be leached, or may volatilize from the polymer during service. The alternative strategy is to use reactive flame retardants, where the flame retardant is covalently bonded to the polymer chains.
Although in the last few years there has been an increase of heteroelements used as flame retardants, the commercial market is still dominated by compounds based on halogens. These compounds present exceptional efficiency, interfering with the reactions responsible of flame propagation. However, during the combustion they release toxic and corrosive gases. Because of that, in the last few years has increased the interest in the research of halogen-free based flame retardants, such as phosphorus or silicon based flame retardants, which are more environmentally friendly and less aggressive in a fire.
Another problem of polymeric materials is the shrinkage during polymerization and polymer curing, and the consequences can be presented in many different forms. For example, in polymeric coatings poor adhesion of the substrate can be observed. In cast electrical insulators, polymerization shrinkage can produce internal stress in the polymer, which can reduce the durability of the material as a consequence of the appearance of microvoids and microcracks. The most common way to solve this problem is through the use of fillers, however this method present several problems, such as an increase of the viscosity which make difficult to fill molds. Another more advisable strategy is through the use of "expanding monomers", thus means, that during the polymerization and curing they don't shrink or even can produce some expansion. The spiroorthoesters are one kind of expanding monomers.
The main purpose of this thesis is the obtention of new environmentally flame retardant materials that present low shrinkage during polymerization and polymer curing. Several approaches have been developed to achieve these desired properties:
1. Synthesis of new monomers based on spiroorthoesters that contains phosphorus or silicon in their structure. It has been synthesized two spiroorthoesters with phosphorus, (1,4,6-trioxaspiro-[4.4] nonan-2-yl)-methyl 3-[10-(9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-9-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide-10-yl)] propanoate and bis[(1,4,6-trioxaspiro-[4.4] nonan-2-yl)-methyl 2-[10-(9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-9-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide-10-yl)] maleate and one with silicon in its structure, the 1,4,6-trioxaspiro [4.4]-2-nonylmethyl 3-trimethylsilyl propanoate. These new spiroorthoesters were synthesized with good yields through the modification of previously synthesized spiroorthoesters by a Michael addition or esterification reaction. The spiroorthoester moiety was obtained from -butirolactone and an epoxide.
These spiroorthoesters were polymerized and copolymerized with epoxy resins with ytterbium triflate as a cationic initiator.
Also, with the aim to investigate the possible synergistic effect between phosphorus and silicon were both combined into the same material.
2. Synthesis of linear polymers which contains phosphorus and spiroorthoester moieties in the side chain. They were obtained by radical polymerization from an acrylate-containing spiroorthoesters and different radically polymerizable phosphorus-containing comonomers. The polymers were crosslinked by a cationic double ring-opening of the spiroorthoester moieties with ytterbium triflate as an initiator.
Also, it was studied the cationic copolymerization of a linear polymer which contains a spiroorthoester moiety in the side chain with different epoxy resins. Through the use of phosphorus-containing glycidyl derivatives it was introduced phosphorus into the material.
3. It was studied a new method of copolymerization of spiroorthoesters with epoxy resins using microwave irradiation with the purpose to minimize the curing time. The results were compared with conventional heating conditions.
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Reinsch, Martin. "Entwicklung von Analyseverfahren zur Bestimmung von Ochratoxin A in Lebensmitteln." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=980847982.

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Burýšek, Jan. "Navrhněte řešení spalování s vysokou účinností a nízkou emisí NOx pro granulační parní kotel,130 t/h,s parametry páry 13,6 MPa,540°C." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231269.

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This thesis concerns with control calculation of steam boiler. The work is divided into several parts. In the individual parts are executed stechiometry calculations, the enthalpy of flue gas and power of the heat exchange surfaces. Based on the results it is proposed location of the SCR.
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Fache, Maxence. "Fonctionnalisation et polymérisation de dérivés phénoliques naturels : Vers des matériaux aromatiques biosourcés Vanillin, a key-intermediate of biobased polymers Vanillin, a promising biobased building-block for monomer synthesis Biobased epoxy thermosets from vanillin-derived oligomers Amine hardeners and epoxy cross-linker from aromatic renewable resources Epoxy thermosets from model mixtures of the lignin-tovanillin process." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENCM0014.

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Ce travail s'inscrit dans le domaine très actif de la synthèse de polymères biosourcés. Les polymères époxy ont été choisis comme cible car ils présentent une double problématique de substitution du bisphénol A et d'utilisation de ressources renouvelables. L'objectif de ce travail est donc de préparer des polymères époxy biosourcés et d'évaluer leur potentiel en tant que substituts des solutions actuelles. Afin d'atteindre des propriétés thermo-mécaniques suffisantes, des composés naturels aromatiques doivent être utilisés. En effet, le cycle aromatique apporte rigidité et stabilité thermique au réseau. La vanilline est une des seules molécules aromatiques extraites de la biomasse qui soit disponible en quantités industrielles. Elle est obtenue par dépolymérisation en milieu basique et oxydant de lignine. Récemment, la préparation de polymères renouvelables à partir de vanilline a été intensivement explorée ; une revue sur ce sujet a été rédigée. La vanilline a servi de brique de base pour la préparation d'une plateforme de dérivés possédant des fonctionnalités variées. Des monomères diamine, diepoxy, ou dicyclocarbonate dérivés de vanilline ont – entre autres – été synthétisés. Les monomères diepoxy ont été réticulés avec un durcisseur amine commun et les polymères obtenus ont été caractérisés. Leurs propriétés thermo-mécaniques ont été reliées à la structure des monomères. Ces polymères époxy potentiellement biosourcés ont des propriétés comparables à la référence à base de bisphenol A. Afin de pouvoir moduler ces propriétés, des oligomères époxy de longueurs différentes ont été synthétisés à partir de vanilline selon la même méthode que celle utilisée industriellement. Ces oligomères et les polymères époxy qui en sont issus présentent effectivement des caractéristiques modulables. D'autres méthodes de contrôle des propriétés ont été testées, comme la préparation et la polymérisation de nouveaux durcisseurs aminés biosourcés, ou celle d'un monomère époxy trifonctionnel à partir de vanilline. Le polymère potentiellement biosourcé préparé à partir de ce dernier composé présente de meilleures propriétés que la référence à base de bisphénol A. Finalement, un travail portant plus sur la ressource a été réalisé. Des mélanges de composés phénoliques modélisant les produits obtenus lors du procédé de synthèse de vanilline à partir de lignine ont été préparés. L'utilisation de tels mélanges au lieu de la vanilline pure serait bénéfique autant économiquement qu'écologiquement. Ces mélanges ont été glycidylés, puis polymérisés, et les matériaux obtenus caractérisés. Les excellentes propriétés obtenues permettent d'envisager d'intégrer ce débouché à une bioraffinerie
The background of this work is the synthesis of bio-based polymers, a very active area of research. Epoxy thermosets were chosen as target because of the double problematic of bisphenol A substitution and of renewable resources use. Thus, the aim of this work is to prepare bio-based epoxy thermosets and to evaluate their potential as substitutes of current formulations. In order to display good thermo-mechanical properties, these polymers have to be prepared from renewable aromatics. Indeed, aromatic cycles bring rigidity and thermal stability to the network. Vanillin is one of the only aromatic molecules available from biomass at an industrial scale. It is obtained from the alkaline oxidative depolymerization of lignin. Recently, the preparation of renewable polymers from vanillin has been intensively explored; a review on this subject was compiled. Vanillin served as a building-block to prepare a platform of derivatives bearing various functions. Di-amine, di-epoxy, or di-(cyclic carbonate) monomers – among others – were synthesized. The di-epoxy monomers prepared were cross-linked with a common amine hardener and the polymers obtained were characterized. Their thermo-mechanical properties were linked to the monomers structure. These potentially bio-based epoxy thermosets have properties comparable to the bisphenol A-based reference. In order to tune these properties, vanillin-based epoxy oligomers were synthesized by the same method as the one used industrially. The properties of these oligomers and of the thermosets prepared from them could indeed be modulated. Other means of controlling the properties were tested, like the preparation and polymerization of new bio-based amine hardeners, or of a vanillin-based, tri-functional epoxy monomer. The thermoset prepared from this last compound displayed better properties than the bisphenol A-based reference. Finally, a work more centered on the resource was performed. Mixtures of phenolic compounds modelling the products of the lignin-to-vanillin process were prepared. The use of such mixtures instead of pure vanillin could be advantageous both from an economic and an ecologic point of view. These mixtures were glycidylated, polymerized, and the materials obtained were characterized. The excellent properties displayed by these materials allow a potential integration of this strategy in a bio-refinery
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Tasso, Mariana Patricia. "Bioactive coatings to control marine biofouling." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-25187.

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The colonization of immersed surfaces by a myriad of marine organisms is a complex, multi-stage, species-specific process giving rise to economic and environmental costs. This unwanted accumulation of organisms in the marine environment, called biofouling, has been attacked from different fronts, going from the ‘problem-elimination-as-problem-solving’ strategy (essentially through the use of biocides) to more elaborated and environmentally-friendly options based on the principle of ‘non-stick’ or ‘easy foul-release’ surfaces, which do not jeopardize marine life viability. Several marine organisms rely on proteinaceous adhesives to secure a holdfast to surfaces. Proteolytic enzymes have been demonstrated to be effective agents against settlement and settlement consolidation onto surfaces of marine bacteria, algae, and invertebrates, their proposed mode-of-action being the enzymatic degradation of the proteinaceous components of the adhesives. So far, however, the evidence remains inconclusive since most of the published investigations refer to commercial preparations where the enzyme is mixed with other components, like additives, which obviously act as additional experimental variables. This work aims at providing clear, conclusive evidence about the potential of serine proteases to target the adhesives produced by a group of model marine biofoulers. The strategy towards the goal consisted in the preparation and characterization of maleic anhydride copolymer nanocoatings modified by a surface-bound enzyme, Subtilisin A, the active constituent of the commercial preparations reported as effective against biofouling. The enzyme-containing maleic anhydride copolymer films were characterized (enzyme surface concentration, activity, stability, roughness and wettability) and thereafter tested in biological assays with three major biofoulers: spores of the green alga Ulva linza, cells of the pennate diatom Navicula perminuta, and cyprid larvae of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite. The purpose of the biological assays was to elucidate the efficacy of the immobilized catalyst to discourage settlement and/or to facilitate removal of these organisms from the bioactive layers. Results confirmed the initial hypotheses related to the enzymatic degradation of the biological adhesives: the immobilized protease was effective at reducing the adhesion strength of Ulva spores and Navicula diatoms in a manner that correlated with the enzyme activity and surface concentration, and deterred settlement of Balanus amphitrite barnacle cyprids even at the lowest surface activity tested. By facilitating the removal of biofilm-forming diatoms and of spores of the troublesome alga Ulva linza, as well as by interfering with the consolidation of adhesion of the calcareous Balanus amphitrite macrofouler, the enzyme-containing coatings here disclosed are considered to constitute an appealing and promising alternative to control marine biofouling without jeopardizing marine life.
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Rulliere, Pauline. "Vers la synthèse totale de la (-)-salinosporamide A et de la (+)-lactacystine par cycloaddition [2+2] asymétrique." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV023/document.

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Ce travail de thèse s'intéresse à la cycloaddition [2+2] asymétrique de cétènes et à son application en synthèse totale. La meilleure réactivité des oléfines Z comparées aux oléfines E, une des caractéristiques de la cycloaddition [2+2], est étudiée à la fois d'un point vue synthétique et théorique via des calculs DFT. Une méthodologie de cycloaddition [2+2] asymétrique entre des éthers d'énol chiraux et divers cétènes générés in situ a ensuite été développée. Cette cycloaddition limitée jusqu'ici à l'utilisation du dichlorocétène a été étendue à une grande variété de cétènes, permettant l'obtention de cyclobutanones variées hautement fonctionnalisées. Les cyclobutanones chirales obtenues ont été engagées dans la synthèse totale de produits naturels : la lactacystine et la salinosporamide A, inhibiteurs du protéasome et potentiels anticancéreux. Ces synthèses présentent trois étapes clés communes : une cycloaddition [2+2] asymétrique, une expansion de cycle de type Beckmann et la fonctionnalisation des chaînes latérales. La synthèse formelle de la lactacystine est présentée dans ce manuscrit, ainsi que les travaux en cours vers la synthèse de la salinosporamide A
This thesis work focuses on the [2+2] asymmetric cycloaddition of ketenes and its application in total synthesis. The best reactivity of Z olefins compared to E olefins, one of the features of the [2+2] cycloaddition, is studied both from a synthetic and theoretically point of view, via DFT calculations. A methodology of [2+2] asymmetric cycloaddition between chiral enol ethers and various in situ generated ketenes was then developed. Cycloadditions limited to the use of dichloroketene hitherto was extended to a wide range of ketenes, leading to various highly functionalized cyclobutanones. Those chiral cyclobutanones were engaged in the total synthesis of natural products: lactacystin and salinosporamide A, proteasome inhibitors and potent anticancer agent. These syntheses have three common key steps : a [2+2] asymmetric cycloaddition, a Beckmann type ring expansion and a side chains functionalization. The formal synthesis of lactacystin is presented in this manuscript, as well as the work in progress towards the synthesis of salinosporamide A
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Mercado, Roca Luis Adolfo. "Resinas epoxi sililadas retardantes a la llama. Síntesis, caracterización y propiedades." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9002.

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Las resinas epoxi son ampliamente utilizadas en soldaduras, recubrimientos, adhesivos y materiales compuestos. En algunas aplicaciones las resinas epoxi requieren de funciones especiales y versátiles, tales como alta adhesión a los sustratos, bajo encogimiento, bajo estrés térmico después del curado, buena dureza, baja inflamabilidad y buena resistencia química. La inflamabilidad de las resinas epoxi es una de las principales desventajas en su aplicación debido a que, como todo polímero orgánico, son inherentemente combustibles y en presencia de una fuente de calor y de oxígeno se queman fácil y rápidamente. Por consiguiente, algunos retardantes al fuego, tales como compuestos bromados, óxidos de antimonio, compuestos fósforo-halogenados, etc. son incorporados en las resinas epoxi para reducir su inflamabilidad. Estos compuestos son excepcionalmente efectivos pero presentan el inconveniente que incrementan las cantidades de humos y productos de descomposición tóxicos y corrosivos que se desprenden durante la combustión del polímero. Por esta serie de inconvenientes en la actualidad se ha incrementado la investigación de otros heteroátomos como retardantes a la llama para reemplazar a los halógenos.
En los últimos años se han descrito algunas aproximaciones sobre resinas epoxi con silicio unido covalentemente a la matriz polimérica. Así, han sido descritas modificaciones sobre resinas epoxi comerciales y copolimerizaciones de monómeros glicidílicos que contienen silicio con resinas epoxi comerciales, consiguiéndose una mejora de las propiedades retardantes a la llama sin sacrificar las propiedades mecánicas de la resina curada.
En este trabajo se ha planteado como objetivo general el desarrollo de resinas epoxi basadas en silicio con propiedades retardantes a la llama. Así, se ha llevado a cabo la síntesis de monómeros glicidílicos que contienen silicio en su estructura. Para establecer una relación entre la presencia y proporción del silicio y las propiedades físicas de los materiales resultantes, se han preparado polímeros termoestables a partir de mezclas de un glicidilo comercial con los monómeros que contienen silicio así como prepolímeros obtenidos a través de reacciones de crecimiento de cadena entre el DGEBA y un silanodiol. También se han sintetizado monómeros y agentes de curado que contienen fósforo en su estructura y se han preparado polímeros termoestables que contengan ambos heteroátomos. Con objeto de estudiar el mecanismo de reacción de monómeros que contienen silicio con aminas primarias, se ha sintetizado un monómero sililado monofuncional, fenilglicidiloxidimetilsilano (GDMPS), y se ha comparado su reactividad frente a una amina primaria, anilina, con la de un glicidilo comercial, fenilglicidiléter (PGE). El estudio cinético fue llevado a cabo mediante NIR y aplicando a los datos espectrales obtenidos métodos de análisis multivariante de resolución de curvas (MCR-ALS). Se ha llevado a cabo el estudio cinético del curado de un diglicidilo que contiene silicio, fenildiglicidiloximetilsilano (DGPMS), y de las mezclas de éste con DGEBA con una diamina primaria, DDM, mediante DSC isotérmico y dinámico. Además, se han estudiado los fenómenos de gelificacion y vitrificación de estos sistemas mediante DMTA en modo cizalla y TMDSC. Se han preparado polímeros termoestables y se han evaluado sus propiedades termodinamomecánicas, térmicas y de retardancia a la llama. Las propiedades termodinamomecánicas han sido estudiadas mediante DMTA en modo de flexión. La estabilidad térmica de estos compuestos se ha estudiado mediante análisis termogravimétrico en atmósfera de nitrógeno y de aire. Las propiedades de retardancia a la llama fueron evaluadas mediante el test ASTM-D-2683 del índice de oxígeno limitante (LOI). Finalmente, se ha estudiado la degradación térmica de los polímeros obtenidos para establecer el modo de actuación del silicio durante la degradación. Para ello, se ha realizado el estudio cinético de la degradación a partir datos obtenidos por TGA, estudios de las etapas iniciales de la degradación mediante quimioluminiscencia (QL) y la caracterización de los productos formados por TGA-MS, GC-MS, ATR-FTIR y DRX.
De los resultados obtenidos se han podido establecer las siguientes conclusiones: (1) Se ha determinado que la presencia del silicio produce un aumento en la reactividad del epóxido probablemente debido a efectos electrónicos. Esta mayor reactividad además reduce la importancia del camino autocatalítico en el curado con aminas primarias. (2) Las resinas epoxi sililadas termoestables muestran una disminución de la Tg y de la densidad de entrecruzamiento con el incremento del porcentaje de silicio.
Esta disminución está relacionada con un aumento del volumen libre debido a la mayor longitud de los enlaces Si-O. (3) Los polímeros termoestables que contienen silicio muestran un incremento del LOI a partir de un contenido de silicio del 3%. En los polímeros que contienen silicio y fósforo, se encontraron evidencias de la existencia de sinergia entre los dos heteroátomos. (4) La degradación de los polímeros que contienen silicio, tanto en atmósfera inerte como oxidante, conlleva la formación de oligómeros cíclicos de fenilmetilsiloxano, lo que implica que parte del silicio abandona la fase condensada. El residuo contiene silicio como SiO2, formando probablemente una capa aislante que actúa como barrera térmica y de transferencia de masa disminuyendo de esta manera la producción de volátiles.
The epoxy resins are widely used in coatings, adhesives, composites, etc. In some applications of epoxy resins special and versatile features are required, such as high adhesion to the substrates, low shrinkage, low thermal stress after curing, toughness, chemical resistance and low flammability. The flammability of epoxy resins is the main drawback in their application. Some flame retardants compounds, such as brominebased compounds, antimony oxides, phosphorous-halogen compounds etc. are incorporated in the epoxy resins to reduce their flammability. These compounds are exceptionally efficient but they have the inconvenience that they increase the smoke and toxic and corrosive gas evolution during the combustion of the polymer. For these drawbacks in the last years it has been increased the investigation of other heteroatoms like flame retardants to replace the halogens.
Some approaches about epoxy resins with silicon covalently bonded to the polymeric matrix have been reported. In this way, modifications of commercial epoxy resins and copolymerizations of silicon-based monomers with commercial epoxy resins giving to good flame retardancy, thermal and mechanical properties have been reported.
The aim of this thesis is the development of novel fire retardant silicon-based epoxy resins. Glycidyl monomers with silicon in their structure, prepolymers obtained by mean of growth of chain reactions between diphenyl silanediol and diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and a phosphorous-containing glycidyl monomer and two phosphorilated diamines were synthesized. Thermoset polymers were obtained from curing reactions of the compounds synthesized. To study the reaction kinetics of silicon-containing epoxy monomer with primary amines, a monofunctional silicon-containing epoxy monomer has been sinthesized, glycidyloxydimethylphenyl silane (GDMPS), and its reactivity with a primary amine, aniline, has been compared with that of a commercial epoxy monomer, phenylglycidylether (PGE). Kinetics studies were carried out by Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) and applying to the spectral data obtained the multivariate resolution of curves methods. Likewise, the kinetic and curing behaviour studies for the difunctional silicon-containing epoxy monomer, diglycidyloxyphenylmethyl silane (DGPMS), and the mixtures of this monomer with DGEBA with a primary diamine, 4,4'- diaminediphenylmethane (DDM), have been carried out by means of isothermal and dynamic DSC. The gelation and vitrification for these systems have been studied by thermodinamechanical analysis (DMTA) with a shear sandwich clamp and modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC).
The relationship between the amount of silicon and the thermodinamomechanical, thermal and flame retardancy properties of the thermoset materials obtained have been established. Thermoset materials were obtained from mixtures of commercial glycidyl monomer, DGEBA, with a silicon-containing glycidyl monomer, diglycidyloxyphenylmethyl silane (DGPMS), and their properties have been evaluated.
Thermodinamomechanical properties have been evaluated by DMTA using a 3-point bending clamp. The thermal stability have been analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in nitrogen and air atmospheres. The flame retardant properties have been evaluated by means of ASTM-D-2683, the limiting oxygen index test (LOI).
Finally, the thermal degradation of the silicon-containing polymers has been investigated by means of chemiluminiscence (CL), TGA-MS, GC-MS, ATR-FTIR and
DRX.
From the results obtained the following conclusions can be infered: (1) The silicon occurrence increases the reactivity of the epoxide due to electronic effects. This higher reactivity also reduces the importance of the autocatalytic path in the curing reactions with primary amines. (2) The thermoset epoxy resins showed a decrease in the Tg and the crosslinking density when the amount of silicon increases. This decrease is related with an increase of the free volume due to the Si-O and Si-C bonds. (3) The siliconcontaining thermosets show an increment of the LOI for silicon contents higher than 3%. In the polymers that contain silicon and phosphorous, there are evidences of the synergyc effect. (4) During the degradation of the silicon-containing materials in both, nitrogen and air atmospheres, cyclic siloxane oligomers were released. A silicon oxide rich char is formed, probably forming an insulating layer.
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Agarwal, Sameer. "Transition Metal-Mediated Syntheses of Yohimbane and Indolizidine Alkaloids." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1119360417222-39155.

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Polycyclic nitrogen containing heterocycles form the basic skeleton of numerous alkaloids and physiologically active drugs. Alloyohimbane was obtained from 3,4-dihydro-â-carboline using an iron-mediated [2+2+1] cycloaddition as the key-step. The bis-TMS-diyne was conveniently obtained by the C-alkylation of 3,4-dihydro-â-carboline followed by N-alkylation. Demetalation of the iron-complex followed by hydrogenation, E-ring expansion, and reduction provided alloyohimbane, a structurally and biologically interesting substance, via a linear eight-step sequence in 7% overall yield based on 3,4-dihydro-â-carboline. Another sequence provided (±)-alloyohimbane and (±)-3-epi-alloyohimbane in nine steps. The pyrrole unit occurs in a variety of naturally occurring compounds, pharmaceutical products and polymers. A novel two-step procedure for the synthesis of pyrroles by addition of a propargyl Grignard reagent to a Schiff base and subsequent silver(I)-promoted oxidative cyclization of the resulting homopropargylamine has been developed. The generality of this reaction was proven by the synthesis of a broad variety of substituted pyrroles using silver(I)-promoted cyclization. A three-step synthesis of (±)-harmicine, a natural product isolated from the Malaysian plant Kopsia griffithii having strong anti-leishmania activity, from 3,4-dihydro-â-carboline is achieved by addition of 3-trimethylsilylpropargyl Grignard reagent, Ag(I)-promoted oxidative cyclization to a pyrrole, and chemoselective hydrogenation of pyrrole ring. Total synthesis of anti-tumor active crispine A and biologically active 1,2,3,5,6,10b-hexahydropyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline have been achieved in three steps using silver(I)-promoted oxidative cyclization as key step.
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Books on the topic "A-540"

1

Senesac, Yoko. Eigo de tanoshiku zatsudan dekiru hon: Let's have a chat! 540 phrases. Tōkyō: Asa Shuppan, 2008.

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Gethyn, Timothy J., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. The development and test of a deformable diffraction grating for a stigmatic EUV spectroheliometer: Final report for NASA grant NAGW-540 (formerly NASA grant NAGW-396). [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1992.

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Bradfield, Maitland. A Syrian archive: Being a study of the early churches and convents on the limestone massif, north Syria, AD. 324-451, and of their consequences in the far West (to c. 540). Derby: R. M. Bradfield, 2010.

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1952-, Griffiths Siân, and Hunter David J, eds. New perspectives in public health. 2nd ed. Oxford: Radcliffe, 2007.

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Bürckert, H. J., ed. A Resolution Principle for a Logic with Restricted Quantifiers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-55034-8.

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Hunt, Warren A., ed. FM8501: A Verified Microprocessor. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-57960-5.

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Houbak, Niels. SIL—a Simulation Language. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-52497-5.

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Klapp, Jaime, Jorge L. Cervantes-Cota, and José Federico Chávez Alcalá, eds. Towards a Cleaner Planet. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71345-6.

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Fulcher, John, and L. C. Jain, eds. Computational Intelligence: A Compendium. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78293-3.

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M, Chain B., ed. Immunology at a glance. 7th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "A-540"

1

Párkányi, Cyril, Alain Adenier, and Jean-Jacques Aaron. "Merocyanine 540—A Fluorescent Dye and a Biological Probe." In Analytical Use of Fluorescent Probes in Oncology, 371–82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5845-3_40.

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Li, Tong. "China’s Nonperforming Loans: A $540 Billion Problem Unsolved." In China's Emerging Financial Markets, 403–22. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-93769-4_12.

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Cannizzaro, Francesco. "Gli errores (meta)letterari del Meandro da Augusto ai Flavi." In Studi e ricerche del Dipartimento di Lettere e Filosofia, 155–75. Firenze: Società Editrice Fiorentina, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35948/dilef/978-88-6032-734-5.11.

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Il Meandro, fiume tortuoso per antonomasia tanto da dare il suo nome a un tipo di decorazione assai diffuso nell’arte greco-romana, in età augustea assume talora valore metaletterario sia come garanzia di epicità, a motivo del suo legame con il labirinto e l’antica Troia, sia viceversa come modello di una poetica “erratica”, metamorfica e vicina al polo dell’elegia. In questo contributo saranno brevemente analizzati e commentati in tal senso alcuni testi di Virgilio (Aen. V 250-251), Ovidio (met. VIII 159- 168; epist. IX 55-58) e Properzio (II 34, 33-40); sarà, infine, considerata la fortuna (meta) letteraria del Meandro in età neroniana (soprattutto, in Sen. Herc. f. 679-685) e nell’epica flavia (Stat. Theb. VI 540-542, Sil. VII 139-140).
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Loosch, Reinhard. "From “Programme 93 + 2” to Model Protocol INFCIRC/540: Negotiating for a Multilateral Agreement in the International Atomic Energy Agency." In Tightening the Reins, 23–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57147-3_3.

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Eisenberg, Merle, and Lee Mordechai. "The Short- and Long-Term Effects of an Early Medieval Pandemic." In Perspectives on Public Policy in Societal-Environmental Crises, 291–303. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94137-6_19.

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AbstractThis article examines short- and long-term governmental policy responses to the effects of the Justinianic Plague (c. 541–750 CE). While many studies have linked the Justinianic Plague to significant changes across all sectors of life, they overlook how states responded to the pandemic’s impact at different temporal scales—from immediate reactions to medium term politics. First, we discuss the immediate state responses to the initial outbreak in Constantinople in 542 at a micro-scale, which included measures to bury large numbers of dead. Second, we investigate the effects over a five-year time frame following the first outbreak to understand how the state responded to potential impacts through fiscal and economic policies. And, third, we reflect upon the post-five year changes scholars often connect to the plague outbreak to reveal the deep difficulties in making in such linkages.
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Kossovsky, Nir. "A $54 Billion Reputation." In Reputation, Stock Price, and You, 11–28. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-4891-0_2.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "a..., A..." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_3.

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Carrascosa, Antonio, Angel Ferrández, Laura Audí, and Elena Sánchez. "Pubertal Growth and Adult Height According to Age at Pubertal Growth Spurt Onset: Data from a Spanish Study Including 540 Subjects (281 Boys and 259 Girls)." In Handbook of Growth and Growth Monitoring in Health and Disease, 1525–44. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1795-9_90.

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Brock-Utne, John G. "Case 54: A Patient in a Halo." In Clinical Anesthesia, 189–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71467-7_54.

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Brock-Utne, John G. "Case 54: Neurofibromatosis. A Warning." In Near Misses in Pediatric Anesthesia, 163–64. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7040-3_54.

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Conference papers on the topic "A-540"

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Hadland, Roger, David Bowley, and Jo Honour. "X-Chron 540 - A New Picosecond X-Ray Streak Camera." In 16th International Congress on High Speed Photography and Photonics, edited by Michel L. Andre and Manfred Hugenschmidt. SPIE, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.968066.

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Chakraborty, Prabir, Myriam N. Bouchlaka, Benjamin J. Capoccia, Ronald R. Hiebsch, Michael J. Donio, Robyn J. Puro, Vicki Sung, and Daniel S. Pereira. "Abstract 540: AO-176, a normal cell sparing humanized anti-CD47 antibody." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-540.

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Chakraborty, Prabir, Myriam N. Bouchlaka, Benjamin J. Capoccia, Ronald R. Hiebsch, Michael J. Donio, Robyn J. Puro, Vicki Sung, and Daniel S. Pereira. "Abstract 540: AO-176, a normal cell sparing humanized anti-CD47 antibody." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-540.

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Wesner, Michael F., and Steven K. Shevell. "Changes in color appearance caused by dark contours in a chromatic adapting background." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1989.fa6.

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We first measured red/green equilibria of a 1o test field superimposed on either a green (540 nm) or red (660 nm) 5°, 32-troland background. The background was then modified by (1) reducing its size to 3° or (2) introducing a dark, thin concentric ring with an outer diameter of 3°. The ring was 12′ wide so, effectively, it changed the 5° background to a 2.6° background surrounded by, but not contiguous with, a 35° (inner-outer diameter) ring. The test was an admixture of 549-and 660-nm light, and was varied from 6 to 300 trolands. The observer adjusted the 549-nm component of the test until the test appeared neither reddish nor greenish. Two color-normal observers participated in the study. Reducing the size of the background from 5° to 3° caused a shift in color appearance at all illuminances of the test. The shift was toward greenness with a 540-nm background and toward redness with a 660-nm background and can be explained by a smaller change in receptoral sensitivity with the smaller background. Introducing a 12′ dark gap in the 5°, 540-nm background had a larger effect than reducing the size from 5° to 3°, implying the influence of the gap is not due simply to less background light. The same gap on a 5°, 660-nm background had an effect opposite the change in color appearance caused by reducing the size of the background: reducing the size from 5° to 3° caused the test to appear more reddish, but adding the dark gap to the 5° background caused the test to appear more greenish. Similar results were found with 320-troland backgrounds. These observations reveal that contours in a background field strongly affect color appearance, and do so in ways qualitatively different from varying the retinal area stimulated by background light. The results point to higher level processes that use edge contrast to differentiate remote from contiguous adapting light.
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Ismagilov, Flyur, Viacheslav Vavilov, Denis Gusakov, Kirill Barabanov, and Iskander Garipov. "Development of an AC / DC Converter for Powering a Load of 540 V DC." In 2021 Dynamics of Systems, Mechanisms and Machines (Dynamics). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dynamics52735.2021.9653717.

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Watts, Gemma, Aneurin Young, Mark John Johnson, and Olie Chowdhury. "540 The incidence of metabolic bone disease of prematurity (MBDP) in a high-risk population." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference–Online, 15 June 2021–17 June 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2021-rcpch.58.

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Rattigan, Yanique I., Alister F. Martin, John Glod, and Debabrata Banerjee. "Abstract 540: Lactate as a mediator of mesenchymal stem cell interactions within the tumor microenvironment." In Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am10-540.

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Xu, Yinuo, Yingwei He, Houping Wu, Weimin Wang, Xiangliang Liu, Yangting Fu, Xufeng Jing, and Haiyong Gan. "Spectral transmittance measurement nonlinearity of a (280-540) nm spectrophotometer based on a tunable femtosecond pulse laser." In International Conference on Optical Instruments and Technology 2019: Advanced Laser Technology and Applications, edited by Pu Wang, Franz X. Kärtner, Zhiyi Wei, Chunqing Gao, and Stefan A. Weber. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2550286.

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Wu, Ming-Hsiung, Yan-Jou Lin, Fredrik Laurell, and Yen-Chieh Huang. "Monolithic KTP Raman Oscillator as a Supercontinuum Source." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2022.jtu3b.7.

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We report generation of octave-spanning supercontinuum from a high-gain, ultra-broadband, and mirrorless Raman oscillator in a monolithic KTP crystal. The supercontinuum output contains two spectral groups between 540~750 and 1095~1800 nm.
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Danova, Tsvetomira. "Беседа ІІІ от Учителното евангелие на Константин Преславски в състава на среднобългарски Триоден панигирик от XIV в. / Sermon III in Constantine of Preslav’s Učitelno evangelie (Didactic Gospel) Contained in a Middle Bulgarian Triodion Panegyrikon from the XIV Century." In Учителното евангелие на Константин Преславски и южнославянските преводи на хомилетични текстове (IX-XIII в.): филологически и интердисциплинарни ракурси / Constantine of Preslav’s Uchitel’noe Evangelie and the South Slavonic Homiletic Texts (9th-13th century): Philological and Interdisciplinary Aspects. Institute of Balkan Studies and Centre of Thracology – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62761/491.sb37.12.

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The purpose of this article is to introduce a hitherto unknown copy of Sermon III from the Učitelno evangelie contained in manuscript No. 540 from the P. N. Tikhanov Collection (MS Tikh. 540) in the Russian National Library, Saint Petersburg. The manuscript is a Triodion Panegyrikon from the fourteenth century. The analysis of the text shows that the newly discovered Middle Bulgarian copy conveys the Old Bulgarian text of Sermon III with 318 Учителното евангелие на Константин Преславски... minimal differences and that it is most closely related to the earliest copy of the Učitelno evangelie in the Russian Codex Sin. 262 from XI-XII century.
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Reports on the topic "A-540"

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Ramsey, Andree L., Heather H. Furey, and Amy S. Bower. Overturning of the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP): RAFOS Float Data Report June 2014 - January 2019. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/29540.

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The Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) is an international effort started in 2014 dedicated to achieving a better understanding of the link between dense-water formation and the meridional overturning circulation in the high-latitude North Atlantic. Moorings, gliders, and subsurface acoustically-tracked RAFOS floats have been used to collect temperature, salinity, and current data across the Labrador Sea, Irminger Sea, Reykjanes Ridge, Iceland Basin, Rockall-Hatton Plateau, and Rockall Trough. The specific objective of the OSNAP float program is to gather information on the pathways of the dense overflow waters transported by the deep limb of the overturning circulation and assess the connection of those pathways with currents observed crossing the OSNAP mooring line. This data report details the observations collected by 148 floats that were deployed for OSNAP during the summers of 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017. Deployment locations were in the Iceland Basin, Irminger Sea, and in the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone. Mission lengths ranged from 540-730 days, and the floats were ballasted to passively drift at a fixed pressure of either 1800, 2000, 2200, 2500, or 2800 dbar to tag the deep overflow water masses of the subpolar North Atlantic (Iceland-Scotland and Denmark Strait Overflow Waters).
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Muldavin, Esteban, Yvonne Chauvin, Teri Neville, Hannah Varani, Jacqueline Smith, Paul Neville, and Tani Hubbard. A vegetation classi?cation and map: Guadalupe Mountains National Park. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302855.

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A vegetation classi?cation and map for Guadalupe Mountains National Park (NP) is presented as part of the National Park Service Inventory & Monitoring - Vegetation Inventory Program to classify, describe, and map vegetation communities in more than 280 national park units across the United States. Guadalupe Mountains NP lies in far west Texas and contains the highest point in the state, Guadalupe Peak (8,751 ft; 2,667 m). The mountain escarpments descend some 5,000 ft (1,500 m) to the desert basins below forming a complex geologic landscape that supports vegetation communities ranging from montane coniferous forests down to desert grasslands and scrub. Following the US National Vegetation Classi?cation (USNVC) standard, we identi?ed 129 plant associations hierarchically tiered under 29 groups and 17 macrogroups, making it one of the most ecologically diverse National Park Service units in the southwestern United States. An aspect that adds to this diversity is that the park supports communities that extend southward from the Rocky Mountains (?ve macrogroups) and Great Plains (one macrogroup) and northward from the Chihuahuan Desert (two macrogroups) and Sierra Madre Orientale of Mexico (three macrogroups). The remaining six macrogroups are found in the Great Basin (one macrogroup), and throughout the southwestern United States (remaining ?ve macrogroups). Embedded in this matrix are gypsum dunelands and riparian zones and wetlands that add further complexity. We describe in detail this vegetation classi?cation, which is based on 540 vegetation plots collected between 2006 and 2010. Full descriptions and diagnostic keys to the plant associations along with an overall plant species list are provided as appendices. Based on the vegetation classi?cation and associated plot data, the vegetation map was developed using a combined strategy of automated digital object-oriented image classi?cation and direct-analog image interpretation of four-band National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP) aerial photography from 2004 and 2008 and Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite imagery. The map is designed to facilitate ecologically-based natural resource management at a 1:24,000 scale with 0.5-ha minimum map unit size. The map legend is hierarchically structured: the upper Level 1 consists of 16 map units corresponding in most cases to the USNVC group level, and an additional map unit describing built-up land and agriculture; Level 2 is composed of 48 nested map units re?ecting various combinations of plant associations. A ?eld-based accuracy assessment using 341 vegetation plots revealed a Level 1 overall accuracy of 79% with 90% CI of 74?84% and 68% with 90% CI of 59?76% at Level 2. An annotated legend with summary descriptions of the units, distribution maps, aerial photo examples of map unit polygons, and representative photos are provided in Appendix D. Large wall-size poster maps at 1:35,000 scale were also produced following NPS cartographic standards. The report, plot data, and spatial layers are available at National Park Service Vegetation Mapping Program https://www.nps.gov/im/vegetation-inventory.htm). Outcomes from this project provide the most detailed vegetation classi?cation and highest resolution mapping for Guadalupe Mountains NP to date to support many uses including ?re, recreation, vegetation, and wildlife management, among others. The upper Level 1 map is particularly suited to landscape-scale, park-wide planning and linkages to its sister park, Carlsbad Caverns NP. The Level 2 mapping provides added detail for use at a more localized project scale. The overall accuracy of the maps was good, but because Guadalupe Mountains NP is primarily wilderness park, there were logistical challenges to map development and testing in remote areas that should be considered in planning management actions. In this context, some map units would bene?t from further development and accuracy assessment. In particular, a higher resolution mapping of McKittrick Creek riparian habitat at 1:6,000 scale or ?ner is recommended for this important habitat in the park. In addition, developing a structural canopy height model from LiDAR imagery would be useful to more accurately quantify woody canopy density and height to support ?re management and other habitat management issues. With respect to understanding vegetation dynamics in this time of rapid environmental change, the 540 vegetation plots themselves are su?ciently georeferenced and have the data resolution to be useful in detecting change at the decadal scales across much of the park. To this end, an additional recommendation would be to install more plots to ?ll the gaps among the main vegetation units of the park, both spatially and thematically. Overall, the Vegetation and Classi?cation Map for Guadalupe Mountains NP will support the park?s management e?orts and enhance regional understanding of vegetation and ecology of ecosystems of the southwestern United States.
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Purkayastha, Sanjay. Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in a 54 year-old male patient. Touch Surgery Simulations, May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18556/touchsurgery/2018.s0081.

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Rigby, Dan, Michael Burton, Katherine Payne, Zachary Payne-Thompson, Stuart Wright, and Sarah O’Brien. Impacts of Food Hypersensitivities on Quality of Life in the UK and Willingness to Pay (WTP) to remove those impacts. Food Standards Agency, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.kij502.

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This project concerns the impacts of food hypersensitivity on people’s quality of life and the monetary value people assign to the removal of those impacts. Food hypersensitivities (FHS) are, in this report, defined as comprising food allergy, coeliac disease and food intolerance. Estimates of the economic value of removal of food hypersensitivity were generated from a stated preference (SP) survey in which people completed a discrete choice experiment (DCE). The DCE comprised of choices between (i) no change in respondents’ food hypersensitivity and (ii) the condition being removed for a specified period, at a cost. The surveys were conducted between July and December 2021 by adults regarding their own food hypersensitivity or by parents/carers regarding their child’s food hypersensitivity. The samples comprised 1426 adults and 716 parents. The average WTP for the removal of an adult’s FHS for a year, pooled across all conditions was £718. For models estimated separately by condition, the WTP values for food allergy, coeliac disease and food intolerance were £1064, £1342 and £540 respectively. In models estimated on DCE data from parents regarding their children’s food hypersensitivity the average WTP, pooled across all conditions, was £2501. The annual WTP values by condition were: £2766 for food allergy; £1628 for coeliac disease; £1689 for food intolerance. Respondents rated their (child’s) health and the impacts of their (child’s) FHS using several established instruments including the Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire (FAQLQ); Food Intolerance Quality of Life Questionnaire (FIQLQ); Coeliac Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire, (CDQ). In the adult allergy and intolerance models we find robust evidence of effects of the perceived severity of FHS on WTP – the higher people’s FAQLQ and FIQLQ scores, the more they are willing to pay to remove their condition. There was no effect of variation in the CDQ score on WTP to remove coeliac disease. In the child WTP results we find condition-severity effects in the coeliac sample: the worse the child’s CDQ score the higher the parents’ WTP to remove the condition. The WTP values are estimates of the combined annual costs associated with (i) the intangible costs including the pain, anxiety, inconvenience and anxiety caused by FHS and (ii) additional incurred costs (time and money) and lost earnings. The values can be incorporated into the FSA Cost of Illness (COI) model, the Burden of Foodborne disease in the UK (Opens in a new window) which is currently used to measure the annual, social, cost of foodborne disease. A Best Worst Scaling (BWS) exercise was conducted to identify the relative importance of the many and diverse impacts which comprise the FAQLQ, FIQLQ and CDQ instruments. The BWS results indicate that people assign very different levels of importance to the impacts comprising the three instruments. This unequal prioritisation contrasts with the equal weighting used in the construction of the FAQLQ, FIQLQ and CDQ measures. Embarrassment and fear related to eating out or social situations feature in the top three impacts for all the conditions. Identifying the effects which most affect quality of life (from the perspective of people living with those conditions) has the potential to inform policy and practice by both regulators and private organisations such as food business operators.
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Weiss, Thomas J. National Guard Pre-Mobilization Training Certification: 54 Ways to Skin a Cat. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada478949.

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Cowell. PR-283-07201-R01 Solar Mars ABC Liner on the Mars 100 SoLoNOx Gas Turbine. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010768.

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Non-Proprietary version of this final report to assess the impact of augmented backside cooling of a combustion liner on gas turbine emissions. Proprietary version is available for pipeline operators who execute a Non-Disclosure Agreement. Please contact Luke Cowell of Solar Turbines at (619)-544-5916, or Cowell_Luke_H@solarturbines.com, if you with the execute the NDA and review the final proprietary report.
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Papí-Gálvez, Natalia, and Daniel La Parra-Casado. Informe 2022. Càtedra de Bretxa Digital Generacional. Les persones majors en l’era de la digitalització a la Comunitat Valenciana (Dades 2021). Càtedra de Bretxa Digital Generacional, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/bua.2022.papi.infv.

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The Research Chair in the Generational Digital Divide undertakes activities aimed at furthering knowledge about the causes, consequences and solutions to the digital divides caused by age gaps. This report shows the research project carried out in 2021 to learn more about how the digital divide affects over 54s living in the Valencia Region, by province, with a focus on intergenerational relationships. To this end, an exploratory survey targeted at over 54s years old and over 39s years old in the Valencia Region, based on primary sources and combining quantitative and qualitative techniques, has been conducted. The data reveals that, while a large percentage of over 54s declare that they have access to and are users of new technologies, much remains to be done for access and usage to become universal, especially at older ages. The report analyses how technology is used, considering its purpose and context, according to age and other significant variables. Differences in technology usage have been found across age groups and between women and men. The report contains information on, among other relevant aspects, online services, and especially on e-banking, the healthcare system and e-administration. Differences between age groups have been found for all indicators, shedding light on intergenerational relationships within the family that are crucial for older people. The Research Chair is an initiative by the Valencia Region Government’s Directorate General for the Fight Against the Digital Divide and stems from the collaboration between the Regional Department for Innovation, Science, Universities and Digital Society and the University of Alicante.
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Papí-Gálvez, Natalia, and Daniel La Parra-Casado. Informe 2022. Cátedra de Brecha Digital Generacional. Las personas mayores en la era de la digitalización en la Comunidad Valenciana (datos 2021). Cátedra de Brecha Digital Generacional, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/bua.2022.papi.infc.

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The Research Chair in the Generational Digital Divide undertakes activities aimed at furthering knowledge about the causes, consequences and solutions to the digital divides caused by age gaps. This report shows the research project carried out in 2021 to learn more about how the digital divide affects over 54s living in the Valencia Region, by province, with a focus on intergenerational relationships. To this end, an exploratory survey targeted at over 54s years old and over 39s years old in the Valencia Region, based on primary sources and combining quantitative and qualitative techniques, has been conducted. The data reveals that, while a large percentage of over 54s declare that they have access to and are users of new technologies, much remains to be done for access and usage to become universal, especially at older ages. The report analyses how technology is used, considering its purpose and context, according to age and other significant variables. Differences in technology usage have been found across age groups and between women and men. The report contains information on, among other relevant aspects, online services, and especially on e-banking, the healthcare system and e-administration. Differences between age groups have been found for all indicators, shedding light on intergenerational relationships within the family that are crucial for older people. The Research Chair is an initiative by the Valencia Region Government’s Directorate General for the Fight Against the Digital Divide and stems from the collaboration between the Regional Department for Innovation, Science, Universities and Digital Society and the University of Alicante.
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SGC, Servicio Geológico Colombiano. Mapa Geomorfológico aplicado a movimientos en masa escala 1:100.000. Plancha 54 Mompós. Producto. Bogotá: Servicio Geológico Colombiano, June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32685/4.7.2016.588.

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Middlebrooks, Bobby L. Evaluation of a DNA Vaccine Specific for the 54 kDa Protective Antigen of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada495910.

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