Academic literature on the topic 'A-182'

Includes the following reviews: pp. 170-173. Olle Lindström. Wells, J.C., Longman Pronunciation Dictionary. pp. 174-175. John Bull. Banham, M., The Cambridge Guide to World Theatre. + Hodgson, T., The Batsford Dictionary of Drama. pp. 175-177. Beverly Collins & Inger M. Mees. Davidsen-Nielsen, N. & Ulseth, B., English Intonation. pp. 178-180. Michael Barnes. Kjellmer, G., Ordlista för språkvetare, Svensk-engelsk och engelsk-svensk. pp. 181-182. Alison E. Chapman. Honey, J., Does Accent Matter?-The Pygmalion Factor. pp. 182-183. Arne Olofsson. Larsson, B., At your service! Ordbok för turist- och resenäringen (Engelsk-svensk, svensk-engelsk). pp. 183-184. Linda Schenck. Bowen, D. & Bowen, M. (eds), Interpreting, Yesterday and Today, Tomorrow. p. 185. Joakim Nivre. Herslund, M. (ed.), Data and Linguistic Theory: Three Essays on Linguistic Methodology. pp. 185-188. Beatrice Warren. Dickson, P., What Do You Call A Person From...? pp. 188-189. Alistair Davies. Murray, D. (ed.), Literary Theory and Poetry: Extenting the Canon. pp. 189-192. Christine Räisänen. Technical Writing: A Survey of Some Textbooks. p. 192. Margareta Olsson. Miller, J., Mr. Teach. Metodbok för lärare. pp. 193-194. Gunnar Magnusson. Braun, P., Schaeder, B. & Volmert, J. (Hgg.), Internationalismen. pp. 195-196. Gustav Korlén. Stedje, A., Deutsche Sprache gestern und heute. + Wolff, G., Deutsche Sprachgeschichte. Ein Studienbuch. pp. 197-198. Jan Olsson. Rothstein, S., Der Traum von der Gemeinschaft. Kontinuität und Innovation in Ernst Tollers Dramen. pp. 198-200. Hartmut Böhme. Madsen, B., Auf der Suche nach einer Identität. Studien zu Hubert Fichtes Romantetralogie "Das Waisenhaus", "Die Palette", "Detlevs Imitationen 'Grünspan'", "Versuch über die Pubertät". pp. 200-202. Rüdiger Bernhardt. Hammarskjöld, G., Schuldlos schuldig sein. Zur Schuld und Freiheit in Hermann Kants Roman "Der Aufenthalt". pp. 202-205. Göran Bornäs. Lötmarker, R. & Mezieres, P., Parlons de la France. Aspects politiques, économiques et sociaux. + Berg-Compère, J., Pierre, Paul, Fatma et les autres... Les Français devant l'Europe. 207-208. Redaktionsmeddelande/A Message From the Editors.

Includes the following reviews: pp. 177-180. Tom Lundskær-Nielsen. Ljungs, M. & Ohlander, S., Gleerups engelska grammatik. pp. 180-182. David Isitt. Oakland, J., British Civilization: An Introduction. + MacQueen, D., Americal Social Studies: A University Primer. + Lundén, R. & Srigley, M. (eds.), Ideas and Identities: British and American Culture. pp. 182-183. Jeremy Lane. Watson, G., British Literature since 1945. pp. 183-184. Alistair Davies. Katz, W. & Sternberg Katz, L. (eds.), The Columbia Granger's Guide to Poetry Anthologies. pp. 184-185. Bertil Nolin. Barker, H., Collected Plays, Vol I *Seven Lears; The Pursuit of Good; Golgo: Sermons on pain and privilege *Arguments for a Theatre. pp. 185-186. Alvar Ellegård. MacQueen, D.S., Using Numbers in English. pp. 187-189. Maria Holmgren Troy. Duff, A. & Maley, A., Literature. + McRae, J. & Pantaleoni, L., Chapter & Verse. pp. 189-190. Elleke Boehmer. Grandqvist, R. (ed.), Signs and Signals: Popular Culture in Africa. pp. 190-192. Gunnar Bergh. Bell, A., The Language of News Media. pp. 193-194. Patrick Burke. Jarringron, J.P. (ed.), Modern Irish Drama. p. 194. Göran Kjellmer. Crystal, S. (series editor), Penguin English Linguistics, Vols. 1-5- p. 195. Helena Bergmann. Bradbury, M. & Cooke, J. (eds.), New Writing. pp. 196-198. Birgit Stolt. von Polenz, P., Deutsche Sprachgeschichte vom Spätmittelalter bis zur Gegenwart. Bd. I. Einführung. Grundbegriffe. Deutsch in der frühbürgerlichen Zeit. pp. 198-200. Gustav Korlén. Paul, H., Deutschen Wörterbuch. 9. Aufl. pp. 201-203. Gunnar Magnusson. Linke, A., Nussbaumer, M. & Portmann, P.R., Studienbuch Linguistik. pp. 204-205. Folke Freund. Helbig, G., Deutsche Grammatik. Grundfragen und Abriß. pp. 205-208. Frank-Michael Kirsch. Malchow, H. & Winkels, H. (Hrsg.), Die Zeit danach. Neue deutsche Literatur. pp. 208-210. Christa Grimm. Frisch, C., "Geniestreich". "Lehrstück", "Revolutionsgestammel". Zur Rezeption des Dramas "Marat/Sade" in der Literaturwissenschaft und auf den Bühnen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik und Schwedens. pp. 210-212. Göran Bornäs. Blinkenberg, A. & Høybye, P., Dansk-fransk ordbog. pp. 212-217. Börje Schlyer. de Troyes, C., Le Chevalier de la Charrette (Lancelot) *Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la Charrette *Le Conte du Graal ou le Roman de Perceval *Lancelot du Lac. pp. 218-220. Ken Benson. Ciplijauskaité, B., La novela femenina contemporánea (1970-1985). Hacia una tipología de la narración en primera persona. pp. 220-222. Kan Benson. Marful Amor, I., Lorca y sus dobles. Interpretación psicoanalítica de la obra dramática y dibujística. p. 223. Redaktionsmeddelande/A Message from the Editors.

More than 4700 nominal family-group names (including names for fossils and ichnotaxa) are nomenclaturally available in the order Coleoptera. Since each family-group name is based on the concept of its type genus, we argue that the stability of names used for the classification of beetles depends on accurate nomenclatural data for each type genus. Following a review of taxonomic literature, with a focus on works that potentially contain type species designations, we provide a synthesis of nomenclatural data associated with the type genus of each nomenclaturally available family-group name in Coleoptera. For each type genus the author(s), year of publication, and page number are given as well as its current status (i.e., whether treated as valid or not) and current classification. Information about the type species of each type genus and the type species fixation (i.e., fixed originally or subsequently, and if subsequently, by whom) is also given. The original spelling of the family-group name that is based on each type genus is included, with its author(s), year, and stem. We append a list of nomenclaturally available family-group names presented in a classification scheme. Because of the importance of the Principle of Priority in zoological nomenclature, we provide information on the date of publication of the references cited in this work, when known. Several nomenclatural issues emerged during the course of this work. We therefore appeal to the community of coleopterists to submit applications to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (henceforth “Commission”) in order to permanently resolve some of the problems outlined here. The following changes of authorship for type genera are implemented here (these changes do not affect the concept of each type genus): CHRYSOMELIDAE: Fulcidax Crotch, 1870 (previously credited to “Clavareau, 1913”); CICINDELIDAE: Euprosopus W.S. MacLeay, 1825 (previously credited to “Dejean, 1825”); COCCINELLIDAE: Alesia Reiche, 1848 (previously credited to “Mulsant, 1850”); CURCULIONIDAE: Arachnopus Boisduval, 1835 (previously credited to “Guérin-Méneville, 1838”); ELATERIDAE: Thylacosternus Gemminger, 1869 (previously credited to “Bonvouloir, 1871”); EUCNEMIDAE: Arrhipis Gemminger, 1869 (previously credited to “Bonvouloir, 1871”), Mesogenus Gemminger, 1869 (previously credited to “Bonvouloir, 1871”); LUCANIDAE: Sinodendron Hellwig, 1791 (previously credited to “Hellwig, 1792”); PASSALIDAE: Neleides Harold, 1868 (previously credited to “Kaup, 1869”), Neleus Harold, 1868 (previously credited to “Kaup, 1869”), Pertinax Harold, 1868 (previously credited to “Kaup, 1869”), Petrejus Harold, 1868 (previously credited to “Kaup, 1869”), Undulifer Harold, 1868 (previously credited to “Kaup, 1869”), Vatinius Harold, 1868 (previously credited to “Kaup, 1869”); PTINIDAE: Mezium Leach, 1819 (previously credited to “Curtis, 1828”); PYROCHROIDAE: Agnathus Germar, 1818 (previously credited to “Germar, 1825”); SCARABAEIDAE: Eucranium Dejean, 1833 (previously “Brullé, 1838”). The following changes of type species were implemented following the discovery of older type species fixations (these changes do not pose a threat to nomenclatural stability): BOLBOCERATIDAE: Bolbocerus bocchus Erichson, 1841 for Bolbelasmus Boucomont, 1911 (previously Bolboceras gallicum Mulsant, 1842); BUPRESTIDAE: Stigmodera guerinii Hope, 1843 for Neocuris Saunders, 1868 (previously Anthaxia fortnumi Hope, 1846), Stigmodera peroni Laporte & Gory, 1837 for Curis Laporte & Gory, 1837 (previously Buprestis caloptera Boisduval, 1835); CARABIDAE: Carabus elatus Fabricius, 1801 for Molops Bonelli, 1810 (previously Carabus terricola Herbst, 1784 sensu Fabricius, 1792); CERAMBYCIDAE: Prionus palmatus Fabricius, 1792 for Macrotoma Audinet-Serville, 1832 (previously Prionus serripes Fabricius, 1781); CHRYSOMELIDAE: Donacia equiseti Fabricius, 1798 for Haemonia Dejean, 1821 (previously Donacia zosterae Fabricius, 1801), Eumolpus ruber Latreille, 1807 for Euryope Dalman, 1824 (previously Cryptocephalus rubrifrons Fabricius, 1787), Galeruca affinis Paykull, 1799 for Psylliodes Latreille, 1829 (previously Chrysomela chrysocephala Linnaeus, 1758); COCCINELLIDAE: Dermestes rufus Herbst, 1783 for Coccidula Kugelann, 1798 (previously Chrysomela scutellata Herbst, 1783); CRYPTOPHAGIDAE: Ips caricis G.-A. Olivier, 1790 for Telmatophilus Heer, 1841 (previously Cryptophagus typhae Fallén, 1802), Silpha evanescens Marsham, 1802 for Atomaria Stephens, 1829 (previously Dermestes nigripennis Paykull, 1798); CURCULIONIDAE: Bostrichus cinereus Herbst, 1794 for Crypturgus Erichson, 1836 (previously Bostrichus pusillus Gyllenhal, 1813); DERMESTIDAE: Dermestes trifasciatus Fabricius, 1787 for Attagenus Latreille, 1802 (previously Dermestes pellio Linnaeus, 1758); ELATERIDAE: Elater sulcatus Fabricius, 1777 for Chalcolepidius Eschscholtz, 1829 (previously Chalcolepidius zonatus Eschscholtz, 1829); ENDOMYCHIDAE: Endomychus rufitarsis Chevrolat, 1835 for Epipocus Chevrolat, 1836 (previously Endomychus tibialis Guérin-Méneville, 1834); EROTYLIDAE: Ips humeralis Fabricius, 1787 for Dacne Latreille, 1797 (previously Dermestes bipustulatus Thunberg, 1781); EUCNEMIDAE: Fornax austrocaledonicus Perroud & Montrouzier, 1865 for Mesogenus Gemminger, 1869 (previously Mesogenus mellyi Bonvouloir, 1871); GLAPHYRIDAE: Melolontha serratulae Fabricius, 1792 for Glaphyrus Latreille, 1802 (previously Scarabaeus maurus Linnaeus, 1758); HISTERIDAE: Hister striatus Forster, 1771 for Onthophilus Leach, 1817 (previously Hister sulcatus Moll, 1784); LAMPYRIDAE: Ototreta fornicata E. Olivier, 1900 for Ototreta E. Olivier, 1900 (previously Ototreta weyersi E. Olivier, 1900); LUCANIDAE: Lucanus cancroides Fabricius, 1787 for Lissotes Westwood, 1855 (previously Lissotes menalcas Westwood, 1855); MELANDRYIDAE: Nothus clavipes G.-A. Olivier, 1812 for Nothus G.-A. Olivier, 1812 (previously Nothus praeustus G.-A. Olivier, 1812); MELYRIDAE: Lagria ater Fabricius, 1787 for Enicopus Stephens, 1830 (previously Dermestes hirtus Linnaeus, 1767); NITIDULIDAE: Sphaeridium luteum Fabricius, 1787 for Cychramus Kugelann, 1794 (previously Strongylus quadripunctatus Herbst, 1792); OEDEMERIDAE: Helops laevis Fabricius, 1787 for Ditylus Fischer, 1817 (previously Ditylus helopioides Fischer, 1817 [sic]); PHALACRIDAE: Sphaeridium aeneum Fabricius, 1792 for Olibrus Erichson, 1845 (previously Sphaeridium bicolor Fabricius, 1792); RHIPICERIDAE: Sandalus niger Knoch, 1801 for Sandalus Knoch, 1801 (previously Sandalus petrophya Knoch, 1801); SCARABAEIDAE: Cetonia clathrata G.-A. Olivier, 1792 for Inca Lepeletier & Audinet-Serville, 1828 (previously Cetonia ynca Weber, 1801); Gnathocera vitticollis W. Kirby, 1825 for Gnathocera W. Kirby, 1825 (previously Gnathocera immaculata W. Kirby, 1825); Melolontha villosula Illiger, 1803 for Chasmatopterus Dejean, 1821 (previously Melolontha hirtula Illiger, 1803); STAPHYLINIDAE: Staphylinus politus Linnaeus, 1758 for Philonthus Stephens, 1829 (previously Staphylinus splendens Fabricius, 1792); ZOPHERIDAE: Hispa mutica Linnaeus, 1767 for Orthocerus Latreille, 1797 (previously Tenebrio hirticornis DeGeer, 1775). The discovery of type species fixations that are older than those currently accepted pose a threat to nomenclatural stability (an application to the Commission is necessary to address each problem): CANTHARIDAE: Malthinus Latreille, 1805, Malthodes Kiesenwetter, 1852; CARABIDAE: Bradycellus Erichson, 1837, Chlaenius Bonelli, 1810, Harpalus Latreille, 1802, Lebia Latreille, 1802, Pheropsophus Solier, 1834, Trechus Clairville, 1806; CERAMBYCIDAE: Callichroma Latreille, 1816, Callidium Fabricius, 1775, Cerasphorus Audinet-Serville, 1834, Dorcadion Dalman, 1817, Leptura Linnaeus, 1758, Mesosa Latreille, 1829, Plectromerus Haldeman, 1847; CHRYSOMELIDAE: Amblycerus Thunberg, 1815, Chaetocnema Stephens, 1831, Chlamys Knoch, 1801, Monomacra Chevrolat, 1836, Phratora Chevrolat, 1836, Stylosomus Suffrian, 1847; COLONIDAE: Colon Herbst, 1797; CURCULIONIDAE: Cryphalus Erichson, 1836, Lepyrus Germar, 1817; ELATERIDAE: Adelocera Latreille, 1829, Beliophorus Eschscholtz, 1829; ENDOMYCHIDAE: Amphisternus Germar, 1843, Dapsa Latreille, 1829; GLAPHYRIDAE: Anthypna Eschscholtz, 1818; HISTERIDAE: Hololepta Paykull, 1811, Trypanaeus Eschscholtz, 1829; LEIODIDAE: Anisotoma Panzer, 1796, Camiarus Sharp, 1878, Choleva Latreille, 1797; LYCIDAE: Calopteron Laporte, 1838, Dictyoptera Latreille, 1829; MELOIDAE: Epicauta Dejean, 1834; NITIDULIDAE: Strongylus Herbst, 1792; SCARABAEIDAE: Anisoplia Schönherr, 1817, Anticheira Eschscholtz, 1818, Cyclocephala Dejean, 1821, Glycyphana Burmeister, 1842, Omaloplia Schönherr, 1817, Oniticellus Dejean, 1821, Parachilia Burmeister, 1842, Xylotrupes Hope, 1837; STAPHYLINIDAE: Batrisus Aubé, 1833, Phloeonomus Heer, 1840, Silpha Linnaeus, 1758; TENEBRIONIDAE: Bolitophagus Illiger, 1798, Mycetochara Guérin-Méneville, 1827. Type species are fixed for the following nominal genera: ANTHRIBIDAE: Decataphanes gracilis Labram & Imhoff, 1840 for Decataphanes Labram & Imhoff, 1840; CARABIDAE: Feronia erratica Dejean, 1828 for Loxandrus J.L. LeConte, 1853; CERAMBYCIDAE: Tmesisternus oblongus Boisduval, 1835 for Icthyosoma Boisduval, 1835; CHRYSOMELIDAE: Brachydactyla annulipes Pic, 1913 for Pseudocrioceris Pic, 1916, Cassida viridis Linnaeus, 1758 for Evaspistes Gistel, 1856, Ocnoscelis cyanoptera Erichson, 1847 for Ocnoscelis Erichson, 1847, Promecotheca petelii Guérin-Méneville, 1840 for Promecotheca Guérin- Méneville, 1840; CLERIDAE: Attelabus mollis Linnaeus, 1758 for Dendroplanetes Gistel, 1856; CORYLOPHIDAE: Corylophus marginicollis J.L. LeConte, 1852 for Corylophodes A. Matthews, 1885; CURCULIONIDAE: Hoplorhinus melanocephalus Chevrolat, 1878 for Hoplorhinus Chevrolat, 1878; Sonnetius binarius Casey, 1922 for Sonnetius Casey, 1922; ELATERIDAE: Pyrophorus melanoxanthus Candèze, 1865 for Alampes Champion, 1896; PHYCOSECIDAE: Phycosecis litoralis Pascoe, 1875 for Phycosecis Pascoe, 1875; PTILODACTYLIDAE: Aploglossa sallei Guérin-Méneville, 1849 for Aploglossa Guérin-Méneville, 1849, Colobodera ovata Klug, 1837 for Colobodera Klug, 1837; PTINIDAE: Dryophilus anobioides Chevrolat, 1832 for Dryobia Gistel, 1856; SCARABAEIDAE: Achloa helvola Erichson, 1840 for Achloa Erichson, 1840, Camenta obesa Burmeister, 1855 for Camenta Erichson, 1847, Pinotus talaus Erichson, 1847 for Pinotus Erichson, 1847, Psilonychus ecklonii Burmeister, 1855 for Psilonychus Burmeister, 1855. New replacement name: CERAMBYCIDAE: Basorus Bouchard & Bousquet, nom. nov. for Sobarus Harold, 1879. New status: CARABIDAE: KRYZHANOVSKIANINI Deuve, 2020, stat. nov. is given the rank of tribe instead of subfamily since our classification uses the rank of subfamily for PAUSSINAE rather than family rank; CERAMBYCIDAE: Amymoma Pascoe, 1866, stat. nov. is used as valid over Neoamymoma Marinoni, 1977, Holopterus Blanchard, 1851, stat. nov. is used as valid over Proholopterus Monné, 2012; CURCULIONIDAE: Phytophilus Schönherr, 1835, stat. nov. is used as valid over the unnecessary new replacement name Synophthalmus Lacordaire, 1863; EUCNEMIDAE: Nematodinus Lea, 1919, stat. nov. is used as valid instead of Arrhipis Gemminger, 1869, which is a junior homonym. Details regarding additional nomenclatural issues that still need to be resolved are included in the entry for each of these type genera: BOSTRICHIDAE: Lyctus Fabricius, 1792; BRENTIDAE: Trachelizus Dejean, 1834; BUPRESTIDAE: Pristiptera Dejean, 1833; CANTHARIDAE: Chauliognathus Hentz, 1830, Telephorus Schäffer, 1766; CARABIDAE: Calathus Bonelli, 1810, Cosnania Dejean, 1821, Dicrochile Guérin-Méneville, 1847, Epactius D.H. Schneider, 1791, Merismoderus Westwood, 1847, Polyhirma Chaudoir, 1850, Solenogenys Westwood, 1860, Zabrus Clairville, 1806; CERAMBYCIDAE: Ancita J. Thomson, 1864, Compsocerus Audinet-Serville, 1834, Dorcadodium Gistel, 1856, Glenea Newman, 1842; Hesperophanes Dejean, 1835, Neoclytus J. Thomson, 1860, Phymasterna Laporte, 1840, Tetrops Stephens, 1829, Zygocera Erichson, 1842; CHRYSOMELIDAE: Acanthoscelides Schilsky, 1905, Corynodes Hope, 1841, Edusella Chapuis, 1874; Hemisphaerota Chevrolat, 1836; Physonota Boheman, 1854, Porphyraspis Hope, 1841; CLERIDAE: Dermestoides Schäffer, 1777; COCCINELLIDAE: Hippodamia Chevrolat, 1836, Myzia Mulsant, 1846, Platynaspis L. Redtenbacher, 1843; CURCULIONIDAE: Coeliodes Schönherr, 1837, Cryptoderma Ritsema, 1885, Deporaus Leach, 1819, Epistrophus Kirsch, 1869, Geonemus Schönherr, 1833, Hylastes Erichson, 1836; DYTISCIDAE: Deronectes Sharp, 1882, Platynectes Régimbart, 1879; EUCNEMIDAE: Dirhagus Latreille, 1834; HYBOSORIDAE: Ceratocanthus A. White, 1842; HYDROPHILIDAE: Cyclonotum Erichson, 1837; LAMPYRIDAE: Luciola Laporte, 1833; LEIODIDAE: Ptomaphagus Hellwig, 1795; LUCANIDAE: Leptinopterus Hope, 1838; LYCIDAE: Cladophorus Guérin-Méneville, 1830, Mimolibnetis Kazantsev, 2000; MELOIDAE: Mylabris Fabricius, 1775; NITIDULIDAE: Meligethes Stephens, 1829; PTILODACTYLIDAE: Daemon Laporte, 1838; SCARABAEIDAE: Allidiostoma Arrow, 1940, Heterochelus Burmeister, 1844, Liatongus Reitter, 1892, Lomaptera Gory & Percheron, 1833, Megaceras Hope, 1837, Stenotarsia Burmeister, 1842; STAPHYLINIDAE: Actocharis Fauvel, 1871, Aleochara Gravenhorst, 1802; STENOTRACHELIDAE: Stenotrachelus Berthold, 1827; TENEBRIONIDAE: Cryptochile Latreille, 1828, Heliopates Dejean, 1834, Helops Fabricius, 1775. First Reviser actions deciding the correct original spelling: CARABIDAE: Aristochroodes Marcilhac, 1993 (not Aritochroodes); CERAMBYCIDAE: Dorcadodium Gistel, 1856 (not Dorcadodion), EVODININI Zamoroka, 2022 (not EVODINIINI); CHRYSOMELIDAE: Caryopemon Jekel, 1855 (not Carpopemon), Decarthrocera Laboissière, 1937 (not Decarthrocerina); CICINDELIDAE: Odontocheila Laporte, 1834 (not Odontacheila); CLERIDAE: CORMODINA Bartlett, 2021 (not CORMODIINA), Orthopleura Spinola, 1845 (not Orthoplevra, not Orthopleuva); CURCULIONIDAE: Arachnobas Boisduval, 1835 (not Arachnopus), Palaeocryptorhynchus Poinar, 2009 (not Palaeocryptorhynus); DYTISCIDAE: Ambarticus Yang et al., 2019 and AMBARTICINI Yang et al., 2019 (not Ambraticus, not AMBRATICINI); LAMPYRIDAE: Megalophthalmus G.R. Gray, 1831 (not Megolophthalmus, not Megalopthalmus); SCARABAEIDAE: Mentophilus Laporte, 1840 (not Mintophilus, not Minthophilus), Pseudadoretus dilutellus Semenov, 1889 (not P. ditutellus). While the correct identification of the type species is assumed, in some cases evidence suggests that species were misidentified when they were fixed as the type of a particular nominal genus. Following the requirements of Article 70.3.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature we hereby fix the following type species (which in each case is the taxonomic species actually involved in the misidentification): ATTELABIDAE: Rhynchites cavifrons Gyllenhal, 1833 for Lasiorhynchites Jekel, 1860; BOSTRICHIDAE: Ligniperda terebrans Pallas, 1772 for Apate Fabricius, 1775; BRENTIDAE: Ceocephalus appendiculatus Boheman, 1833 for Uroptera Berthold, 1827; BUPRESTIDAE: Buprestis undecimmaculata Herbst, 1784 for Ptosima Dejean, 1833; CARABIDAE: Amara lunicollis Schiødte, 1837 for Amara Bonelli, 1810, Buprestis connexus Geoffroy, 1785 for Polistichus Bonelli, 1810, Carabus atrorufus Strøm, 1768 for Patrobus Dejean, 1821, Carabus gigas Creutzer, 1799 for Procerus Dejean, 1821, Carabus teutonus Schrank, 1781 for Stenolophus Dejean, 1821, Carenum bonellii Westwood, 1842 for Carenum Bonelli, 1813, Scarites picipes G.-A. Olivier, 1795 for Acinopus Dejean, 1821, Trigonotoma indica Brullé, 1834 for Trigonotoma Dejean, 1828; CERAMBYCIDAE: Cerambyx lusitanus Linnaeus, 1767 for Exocentrus Dejean, 1835, Clytus supernotatus Say, 1824 for Psenocerus J.L. LeConte, 1852; CICINDELIDAE: Ctenostoma jekelii Chevrolat, 1858 for Ctenostoma Klug, 1821; CURCULIONIDAE: Cnemogonus lecontei Dietz, 1896 for Cnemogonus J.L. LeConte, 1876; Phloeophagus turbatus Schönherr, 1845 for Phloeophagus Schönherr, 1838; GEOTRUPIDAE: Lucanus apterus Laxmann, 1770 for Lethrus Scopoli, 1777; HISTERIDAE: Hister rugiceps Duftschmid, 1805 for Hypocaccus C.G. Thomson, 1867; HYBOSORIDAE: Hybosorus illigeri Reiche, 1853 for Hybosorus W.S. MacLeay, 1819; HYDROPHILIDAE: Hydrophilus melanocephalus G.-A. Olivier, 1793 for Enochrus C.G. Thomson, 1859; MYCETAEIDAE: Dermestes subterraneus Fabricius, 1801 for Mycetaea Stephens, 1829; SCARABAEIDAE: Aulacium carinatum Reiche, 1841 for Mentophilus Laporte, 1840, Phanaeus vindex W.S. MacLeay, 1819 for Phanaeus W.S. MacLeay, 1819, Ptinus germanus Linnaeus, 1767 for Rhyssemus Mulsant, 1842, Scarabaeus latipes Guérin-Méneville, 1838 for Cheiroplatys Hope, 1837; STAPHYLINIDAE: Scydmaenus tarsatus P.W.J. Müller & Kunze, 1822 for Scydmaenus Latreille, 1802. New synonyms: CERAMBYCIDAE: CARILIINI Zamoroka, 2022, syn. nov. of ACMAEOPINI Della Beffa, 1915, DOLOCERINI Özdikmen, 2016, syn. nov. of BRACHYPTEROMINI Sama, 2008, PELOSSINI Tavakilian, 2013, syn. nov. of LYGRINI Sama, 2008, PROHOLOPTERINI Monné, 2012, syn. nov. of HOLOPTERINI Lacordaire, 1868.

Наведено дані про нові знахідки 15 видів турунів (Leistus rufomarginatus (Duft­schmidt, 1812), Blethisa multipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758), Ophonus sabulicola (Panzer, 1796), Acupalpus brunnipes (Sturm, 1825), Stenolophus proximus Dejean, 1829, S. skrim­shi­ranus Stephens, 1828, Dromius quadrimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Microlestes maurus (Sturm, 1827), Agonum angustatum Dejean, 1828, A. duftschmidi J. Schmidt, 1994, A. emar­ginatum (Gyllenhal, 1827), A. longicorne Chaudoir, 1846, Paranchus albipes (Fabricius, 1796), Platynus livens (Gyllenhal, 1810), Pterostichus quadrifoveolatus Letzner, 1852) з території рівнинної частини Правобережної України з короткими відомостями щодо їх екологічних та біологічних особливостей. Leistus rufomarginatus (Duftschmidt, 1812) вперше вказано для Житомирської області, а Stenolophus skrim­shi­ranus Stephens, 1828 — для Правобережного Полісся.

AbstractAll species-group names of Trachypachidae, Rhysodidae, and Carabidae (including cicindelincs) correctly recorded from America north of Mexico are catalogued with state and province records. Valid names are listed with the author(s), date of publication, and page citation in their current and original combinations while all synonyms are provided in their original combinations. Genus-group names are recorded with the author(s), date of publication, page citation, type species, and kind of type species fixation. Species groups were preferred to subgenera but subscneric names are also listed.The following nomenclatural changes are proposed and discussed: Bembidion neocoerulescens Bousquet, new replacement name for B. coerulescens Van Dyke, 1925; Chlaenius circumcinctus Say, 1830 for C. perplexus Dejean, 1831; Cyclotrachelus dejeanellus (Csiki, 1930) for C. morio (Dejean, 1828); Cyclotrachelus freitagi Bousquet, new replacement name for C. obsoletus (Say, 1830); Dyschirius aeneolus LeConte, 1850 for D. frigidus Mannerheim, 1853; Harpalus laevipes Zetterstedt, 1828 for H. quadripunctatus Dejean, 1829; Harpalus providens Casey, 1914 for H. viduus LeConte, 1865; Harpalus reversus Casey, 1924 for H. funerarius Csiki, 1932; Notiophilus sierranus Casey, 1920 for N. obscurus Fall, 1901; Pseudamara Lindroth, 1968 for Disamara Lindroth, 1976; Pterostichus trinarius (Casey, 1918) for P. ohionis Csiki, 1930; Stenolophus carbo Bousquet, new replacement name for S. carbonarius (Dejean, 1829).Thirty-six new synonyms are established and seven, considered as questionable, are confirmed. They are (with the valid names in parentheses): Agonothorax planipennis Motschulsky, 1850 (= ? Agonum affine Kirby, 1837); Platynus variolatus LeConte, 1851 (= Agonum limbatum Motschulsky, 1845); Agonum nitidum Harris, 1869 (= ? Agonum melanarium Dejean, 1828); Amerinus fuscicornis Casey, 1914 and A. longipennis Casey, 1914 (= Amerinus linearis (LeConte, 1863)); Apristus fuscipennis Motschulsky, 1864 (= Apristus latens LeConte, 1848); Batenus aeneolus Motschulsky, 1865 (= Agonum exaratum (Mannerheim, 1853)); Brachystylus curtipennis Motschulsky, 1859 (= Pterostichus congestus (Ménétriés, 1843)); Brachystylus parallelus Motschulsky, 1859 (= ? Pterostichus californicus (Dejean, 1828)); Cratacanthus cephalotes Casey, 1914, C. subovalis Casey, 1914, and C. texanus Casey, 1884 (= Cratacanthus dubius (Palisot de Beauvois, 1811)); Cymindis comma T.W. Harris, 1869 (= ? Cymindis limbatus Dejean, 1831); Feronia praetermissa Chaudoir, 1868 (= Pterostichus commutabilis (Motschulsky, 1866)); Galerita angusticeps Casey, 1920 (= Galerita janus (Fabricius, 1792)); Gonoderus cordicollis Motschulsky 1859 (= Pterostichus tristis (Dejean, 1828)); Anisodactylus alternans LeConte, 1851 (= Anisodactylus alternans (Motschulsky, 1845)); Hypherpes spissitarsis Casey, 1918 (= Pterostichus tarsalis LeConte, 1873); Lebia brunnicollis Motschulsky, 1864 (= Lebia lobulata LeConte, 1863); Lebia subfigurata Motschulsky, 1864 and L. sublimbata Motschulsky, 1864 (= Lebia analis Dejean, 1825); Lophoglossus bispiculatus Casey, 1913 and L. illini Casey, 1913 (= Lophoglossus scrutator (LeConte, 1848)); Platysma leconteianum Lutshnik, 1922 (= Pterostichus commutabilis (Motschulsky, 1866)); Loxandrus iris Motschulsky, 1866(= Loxandrus rectus (Say, 1823)); Masoreus americanus Motschulsky, 1864 (= Stenolophus rotundicollis (Haldeman, 1843)); Notaphus laterimaculatus Motschulsky, 1859 (= Bembidion approximatum (LeConte, 1852)); Notiophilus cribrilaterus Motschulsky, 1864 (= Notiophilus novemstriatus LeConte, 1848); Omaseus brevibasis Casey, 1924 (= Pterostichus luctuosus (Dejean, 1828)); Notaphus incertus Motschulsky, 1845 (= Bembidion breve (Motschulsky, 1845)); Peryphus concolor Motschulsky, 1850 (= Bembidion platynoides Hayward, 1897); Peryphus erosus Motschulsky, 1850 (= Bembidion transversale Dejean, 1831); Peryphus subinflatus Motschulsky, 1859 (= Bembidion petrosum petrosum Gebler, 1833); Planesus fuscicollis Motschulsky, 1865 and P. laevigatas Motschulsky, 1865 (= Cymindis platicollis (Say, 1823)); Poecilus pimalis Casey, 1913 (= Poecilus diplophryus Chaudoir, 1876); Pterostichus arizonicus Schaeffer, 1910 (= Ophryogaster flohri Bates, 1882); Pterostichus sequoiarum Casey, 1913 (= Pterostichus tarsalis LeConte, 1873); Scaphinotus grandis Gistel, 1857 (= ? Scaphinotus unicolor unicolor (Fabricius, 1787)); Stenocrepis chalcas Bates, 1882 and S. chalcochrous Chaudoir, 1883 (= Stenocrepis texana (LeConte, 1863)); Stenolophus humeralis Motschulsky, 1864 (= Stenolophus plebejus Dejean, 1829); and Stenolophus laticollis Motschulsky, 1864 (= Stenolophus ochropezus (Say, 1823)).Olisthopus iterans Casey, 1913 and Pterostichus illustris LeConte, 1851, listed as junior synonyms of O. parmatus (Say, 1823) and P. congestus (Ménétriés, 1843), respectively, are considered in the present work as valid species.The type species (listed in parentheses) of the following 14 genus-group taxa are designated for the first time: Circinalidia Casey, 1920 (Agonum aeruginosum Dejean, 1828); Evolenes LeConte, 1853 (Oodes exaratus Dejean, 1831); Leucagonum Casey, 1920 (Agonum maculicolle Dejean, 1828); Megaliridia Casey, 1920 (Cychrus viduus Dejean, 1826); Megalostylus Chaudoir, 1843 (Feronia lucidula Dejean, 1828 = Feronia recta Say, 1823); Micragra Chaudoir, 1872 (Micragra lissonota Chaudoir, 1872); Onota Chaudoir, 1872 (Onota bicolor Chaudoir, 1872); Oodiellus Chaudoir, 1882 (Oodiellus mexicanus Chaudoir, 1882 = Anatrichis alutacea Bates, 1882); Oxydrepanus Putzeys, 1866 (Dyschirius rufus Putzeys, 1846); Paranchomenus Casey, 1920 (Platynus stygicus LeConte, 1854 = Anchomenus mannerheimii Dejean, 1828); Pemphus Motschulsky, 1866 (Cychrus velutinus Ménétriés, 1843); Peronoscelis Chaudoir, 1872 (Tetragonoderus figuratus Dejean, 1831); Rhombodera Reiche, 1842 (Rhombodera virgata Reiche, 1842 = Lebia trivittata Dejean, 1831); and Stenous Chaudoir, 1857 (Oodes cupreus Chaudoir, 1843).Two new family-group names are proposed, Cnemalobini (= Cnemacanthini of authors) based on Cnemalobus Guérin-Méneville, 1839 and Loxandrini based on Loxandrus LeConte, 1852.The work also includes a synopsis of all extant world carabid tribes, a bibliography of all original descriptions, a full taxonomic index, and, as appendices, lists of nomina nuda and unjustified emendations, and annotated lists of species incorrectly or doubtfully recorded from America north of Mexico and of new North American records.

Avaliou-se o comportamento de cinco híbridos comerciais de cebola (Allium cepa L.) - Granex 33, Granex 429, Baia Ouro AG-55, Baia Ouro AG-55R e Baia Ouro AG-59 e cinco experimentais - FMX-151, FMX- 179, FMX-181, FMX-182 e FMX-183 quanto à qualidade e produtividade, visando introduzi-los e indicar aos produtores os melhores para o cultivo nas condições de Monte Alegre do Sul, SP, e áreas de ecologia similar. O experimento foi conduzido na Estação Experimental do Instituto Agronômico, situada naquela localidade, de 21 de março (semeadura) a 7 de novembro de 1983 (última colheita). Nas suas condições, outono-inverno, verificou-se que quanto à produtividade de bulbos comerciáveis, os híbridos Granex 33 (testemunha), Baia Ouro AG-55 e Baia Ouro AG-59 foram superiores aos híbridos FMX-181 e FMX-182, não diferindo de Baia Ouro AG-55R, Granex 429, FMX-151, FMX-179 e FMX-183. Em relação ao peso médio de bulbos comerciáveis, os de melhor comportamento foram Baia Ouro AG-55 e Baia Ouro AG-59, que superaram Baia Ouro AG-55R, Granex 429, FMX-181 e FMX-182, porém não diferiram de Granex 33, FMX-151, FMX-179 e FMX-183. O híbrido Baia Ouro AG-55R e os experimentais FMX-181, FMX- 182 e FMX- 183 apresentaram porcentagens mais elevadas de bulbos tipo "charuto", tendo os três últimos, ainda, maior desuniformidade quanto ao formato de bulbos. Não se verificou ocorrência de florescimento prematuro em nenhum material avaliado. Quanto ao ciclo, o mais precoce foi Granex 33 e o mais tardio, Baia Ouro AG-55. Em relação às características consideradas, podem-se indicar os híbridos Granex 33, Granex 429, Baia Ouro AG-55, Baia Ouro AG-59, FMX-151 e FMX-179, como de aptidão ao cultivo em regiões de ecologia similar à de Monte Alegre do Sul

?My Autobiography? by Nicifor Ninkovic, barber to Prince Milos, is one of the most widely read Serbian memoirs. There were five reprints from 1976 to 2016. Our only information on his life can be gathered from that work. He was born in the Syrmian village of Dobrinci in 1788. He crossed over to insurgent Serbia in 1807. In the winter of 1812-1813 he moved through Wallachia and went to Constantinople. He returned to Serbia in 1819. He was personal barber to Prince Milos from 1822 to 1826. Then he served as a scribe in the Rudnik District Magistrate in 1828-1829. He left Serbia again in 1831 and spent ten years roaming around Turkey. He finally came back to Serbia in late 1841 or early 1842. This paper focuses on the unknown sources from the Archive of Serbia and the Historical Archive of Belgrade related to Nicifor Ninkovic, which include his requests to Prince Milos dated April 28/May 10, 1819, April 24/May 6, 1825, and April 14/26, 1826, in which he asks for the ruler?s mercy or employment, also a letter to Prince Milos?s secretary Nikola Nikolajevic dated October 13/25, 1820, in which he recommends himself for the post of the Prince?s barber. The registers of births, marriages and deaths of Belgrade Cathedral contain information on the date of his marriage to Hristina from Zemun (April 30/May 12, 1822), the birth and death of his daughter Draginja (March 16/28, 1827 - March 18/30, 1834), and the death of his wife Hristina (January 5/17, 1835). We put forth a new argument that Nicifor Ninkovic died in Belgrade, and not in Pozarevac, as has been held so far.

Abstract Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) is a critical protein kinase that phosphorylates numerous proteins in cells and thereby impacts multiple pathways including the β-Catenin/TCF/LEF-1 pathway. MicroRNAs (miRs) are a class of noncoding small RNAs of ∼22 nucleotides in length. Both GSK3β and miR play myriad roles in cell functions including stem cell development, apoptosis, embryogenesis and tumorigenesis. Here we show that GSK3β inhibits the expression of miR-96, miR-182 and miR-183 through the β-Catenin/TCF/LEF-1 pathway. Knockout of GSK3β in mouse embryonic fibroblast cells increases expression of miR-96, miR-182 and miR-183, coinciding with increases in the protein level and nuclear translocation of β-Catenin. In addition, overexpression of β-Catenin enhances the expression of miR-96, miR-182 and miR-183 in human gastric cancer AGS cells. GSK3β protein levels are decreased in human gastric cancer tissue compared with surrounding normal gastric tissue, coinciding with increases of β-Catenin protein, miR-96, miR-182, miR-183 and primary miR-183-96-182 cluster (pri-miR-183). Furthermore, suppression of miR-183-96-182 cluster with miRCURY LNA miR inhibitors decreases the proliferation and migration of AGS cells. Knockdown of GSK3β with siRNA increases the proliferation of AGS cells. Mechanistically, we show that β-Catenin/TCF/LEF-1 binds to the promoter of miR-183-96-182 cluster gene and thereby activates the transcription of the cluster. In summary, our findings identify a novel role for GSK3β in the regulation of miR-183-96-182 biogenesis through β-Catenin/TCF/LEF-1 pathway in gastric cancer cells.

Macrophages (Mϕ) are an important component of the innate immune system; they play critical roles in the first line of defense to pathogen invasion and modulate adaptive immunity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a newly recognized, important level of gene expression regulation. However, their roles in the regulation of Mϕ and the immune system are still not fully understood. In this report, we provide evidence that the conserved miR-183/96/182 cluster (miR-183/96/182) modulates Mϕ function in their production of reactive nitrogen (RNS) and oxygen species (ROS) and their inflammatory response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infection and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. We show that knockdown of miR-183/96/182 results in decreased production of multiple proinflammatory cytokines in response to PA or LPS treatment in Mϕ-like Raw264.7 cells. Consistently, peritoneal Mϕ from miR-183/96/182-knockout versus wild-type mice are less responsive to PA or LPS, although their basal levels of proinflammatory cytokines are increased. In addition, overexpression of miR-183/96/182 results in decreased production of nitrite and ROS in Raw264.7 cells. We also provide evidence that DAP12 and Nox2 are downstream target genes of miR-183/96/182. These data suggest that miR-183/96/182 imposes global regulation on various aspects of Mϕ function through different downstream target genes.

Les etats de haut spin des noyaux #1#7#7pt, #1#8#2pt, #1#8#3##1#8#8pt, #1#8#3ir et #1#8#6##1#8#8au, produits dans des reactions nucleaires comme #1#7#0yb(#1#6o,4n)#1#8#2pt, #1#6#3dy(#2#4mg,5n)#1#8#2pt, etc. , ont ete etudies a l'aide de plusieurs multidetecteurs: lotus, chateau de cristal, etc. , en ligne avec des tandems (ipn orsay, universite de mcmaster). Des mesures de coincidences et separement, de distribution angulaires, ont ete effectuees pour chaque reactions pour etablir les schemas de niveaux et attribuer spins et parite. Pour les noyaux de platine, les schemas de niveaux sont semblables et presentent presque la meme structure de bandes (numerote de 1 a 8). Les predictions du cranked shell model indiquent clairement que sous l'effet d'une rotation rapide les paires de nucleons ont tendance a se briser et a aligner leurs moments angulaires avec l'axe de rotation. L'analyse dans le cadre de ce modele a permis d'etablir fermement que le bris de protons de la couche h#9#/#2 est observe et qu'il deforme le noyau vers des valeurs positives de triaxialite. L'alignement de cette paire de protons resulte en une augmentation marquee du rapport des probabilites de transitions reduites b(m1)/b(e2). On montre aussi que cette interpretation est en bon accord avec des calculs recents de srt (surfaces de routhiens totaux) ainsi que des calculs dans le cadre du modele du rotor+particule(cranking)

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In Brazil s current political scenario, there is a pressing need for change in political structure. Thus, once more Brazilian society faces the topic of Political Reform. The alterations that happened during the past few years in the country s political structure did not contribute towards improving representation in National Congress; such reality causes Brazil to face a serious crisis in democratic representation. There were, however, specific alterations, such as the possibility of reelection for Executive seats; the need for legal accountability reports for candidates undergoing electoral process, and at its end, greater transparency regarding electoral campaign financers; different time of affiliation in political party requirements for those intending to run for office. After this debate on democracy, there will be a moment where a reinterpretation on the theory of popular sovereignty made by Roberto Viciano Pastor and Rubén Martinez Dalmau, known as Latin-America new constitutionalism, shall be addressed. To do so, the experiences on constitutional changes in Venezuela, Ecuador e Bolivia will be used as subsidy for demonstrating an alternative to political reform process. The social debate that surfaced after the 2014 elections, known to Electoral Justice as General Elections (Country President, State Governors, Senators, Federal, State and Federal District Congressmen), did not yet show any of the results Brazil expected, such as the attempt to moralize political campaigns and political management as a whole. Corruption scandals, especially regarding private funding through donations to electoral campaigns, were the real engine powering obsolete gears found in National Congress. Many bills, as well as many Constitution amendment proposals dealt solely with points that came from Electoral Law, such as district voting and its many juridical understandings and ramifications, electoral campaign funding, proportional vote and the possibility of reelection for Executive leading seats. And, within this perspective, a third chapter will address the political reform currently being processed in National Congress, by means of the Special Committee created to discuss this topic, as well as the proposal of an amendment to the Federal Constitution which shall guide future constitutional and legislative modifications. By the end, there shall be, within final considerations, the results of research undertaken on the base text used in the aforementioned committee, PEC n. 113/2005 from Federal Congress, and its consequences in the event of it being approved the way it is currently written.
Nas circunstâncias atuais do cenário político brasileiro, a necessidade de mudanças na estrutura política se mostra premente. Assim, mais uma vez a sociedade brasileira está diante do tema Reforma Política. As modificações ocorridas nos últimos anos na estrutura política não contribuíram para o aprimoramento da representatividade no Congresso Nacional, tanto isso é verdade que o Brasil enfrenta uma grave crise de representatividade democrática. Houve, entretanto, mudanças pontuais, como a possibilidade da reeleição para os cargos do Poder Executivo, a necessidade de prestações de contas dos candidatos durante o processo eleitoral e ao final dele, uma maior transparência sobre os financiadores das campanhas eleitorais, prazos diferenciados de permanência mínima nos partidos políticos por parte daqueles que desejam concorrer a cargos eletivos. Após esse debate sobre a democracia, haverá um segundo momento onde será abordada a releitura da teoria da soberania popular realizada por Roberto Viciano Pastor e Rubén Martinez Dalmau conhecida como novo constitucionalismo latino-americano. Para tanto, serão utilizadas, como subsídio, as experiências de mudanças constitucionais ocorridas no Equador, Venezuela e Bolívia, a fim de demonstrar como um processo de reforma política consistente pode favorecer o processo de consolidação da democracia no Brasil. O debate social surgido após as eleições de 2014, conhecidas perante a Justiça Eleitoral como Eleições Gerais (Presidente da República, Governador de Estado, Senadores, Deputados Federais, Estaduais e Distritais), não apresentou ainda o resultado esperado pelo Brasil, qual seja, a tentativa de moralização das campanhas eleitorais e da gestão política como um todo. Escândalos de corrupção, principalmente sobre o financiamento privado por meio de doações às campanhas eleitorais, foram o verdadeiro motor para movimentar uma engrenagem obsoleta encontrada no Congresso Nacional. Os diversos projetos de lei, bem como as diversas propostas de emenda à Constituição tratavam exclusivamente de pontos oriundos do Direito Eleitoral, a exemplo do voto distrital e suas diversas ramificações e compreensões jurídicas, financiamento das campanhas eleitorais, voto proporcional e possibilidade de reeleição para os chefes do Poder Executivo. E, dentro dessa perspectiva, um terceiro capítulo abordará a reforma política em trâmite no Congresso Nacional, por meio da Comissão Especial criada para debater esse tema, bem como a proposta de emenda à Constituição Federal que servirá de norte para as futuras modificações constitucionais e legislativas. Ter-se-á, nas considerações finais, o resultado das pesquisas empreendidas sobre o texto base utilizado na referida comissão, a PEC nº 113/2015 da Câmara Federal e suas consequências, caso seja aprovada da maneira como se encontra redigida.

Nas circunstâncias atuais do cenário político brasileiro, a necessidade de mudanças na estrutura política se mostra premente. Assim, mais uma vez a sociedade brasileira está diante do tema Reforma Política. As modificações ocorridas nos últimos anos na estrutura política não contribuíram para o aprimoramento da representatividade no Congresso Nacional, tanto isso é verdade que o Brasil enfrenta uma grave crise de representatividade democrática. Houve, entretanto, mudanças pontuais, como a possibilidade da reeleição para os cargos do Poder Executivo, a necessidade de prestações de contas dos candidatos durante o processo eleitoral e ao final dele, uma maior transparência sobre os financiadores das campanhas eleitorais, prazos diferenciados de permanência mínima nos partidos políticos por parte daqueles que desejam concorrer a cargos eletivos. Após esse debate sobre a democracia, haverá um segundo momento onde será abordada a releitura da teoria da soberania popular realizada por Roberto Viciano Pastor e Rubén Martinez Dalmau conhecida como novo constitucionalismo latino-americano. Para tanto, serão utilizadas, como subsídio, as experiências de mudanças constitucionais ocorridas no Equador, Venezuela e Bolívia, a fim de demonstrar como um processo de reforma política consistente pode favorecer o processo de consolidação da democracia no Brasil. O debate social surgido após as eleições de 2014, conhecidas perante a Justiça Eleitoral como Eleições Gerais (Presidente da República, Governador de Estado, Senadores, Deputados Federais, Estaduais e Distritais), não apresentou ainda o resultado esperado pelo Brasil, qual seja, a tentativa de moralização das campanhas eleitorais e da gestão política como um todo. Escândalos de corrupção, principalmente sobre o financiamento privado por meio de doações às campanhas eleitorais, foram o verdadeiro motor para movimentar uma engrenagem obsoleta encontrada no Congresso Nacional. Os diversos projetos de lei, bem como as diversas propostas de emenda à Constituição tratavam exclusivamente de pontos oriundos do Direito Eleitoral, a exemplo do voto distrital e suas diversas ramificações e compreensões jurídicas, financiamento das campanhas eleitorais, voto proporcional e possibilidade de reeleição para os chefes do Poder Executivo. E, dentro dessa perspectiva, um terceiro capítulo abordará a reforma política em trâmite no Congresso Nacional, por meio da Comissão Especial criada para debater esse tema, bem como a proposta de emenda à Constituição Federal que servirá de norte para as futuras modificações constitucionais e legislativas. Ter-se-á, nas considerações finais, o resultado das pesquisas empreendidas sobre o texto base utilizado na referida comissão, a PEC n 113/2015 da Câmara Federal e suas consequências, caso seja aprovada da maneira como se encontra redigida.
In Brazils current political scenario, there is a pressing need for change in political structure. Thus, once more Brazilian society faces the topic of Political Reform. The alterations that happened during the past few years in the countrys political structure did not contribute towards improving representation in National Congress; such reality causes Brazil to face a serious crisis in democratic representation. There were, however, specific alterations, such as the possibility of reelection for Executive seats; the need for legal accountability reports for candidates undergoing electoral process, and at its end, greater transparency regarding electoral campaign financers; different time of affiliation in political party requirements for those intending to run for office. After this debate on democracy, there will be a moment where a reinterpretation on the theory of popular sovereignty made by Roberto Viciano Pastor and Rubén Martinez Dalmau, known as Latin-America new constitutionalism, shall be addressed. To do so, the experiences on constitutional changes in Venezuela, Ecuador e Bolivia will be used as subsidy for demonstrating an alternative to political reform process. The social debate that surfaced after the 2014 elections, known to Electoral Justice as General Elections (Country President, State Governors, Senators, Federal, State and Federal District Congressmen), did not yet show any of the results Brazil expected, such as the attempt to moralize political campaigns and political management as a whole. Corruption scandals, especially regarding private funding through donations to electoral campaigns, were the real engine powering obsolete gears found in National Congress. Many bills, as well as many Constitution amendment proposals dealt solely with points that came from Electoral Law, such as district voting and its many juridical understandings and ramifications, electoral campaign funding, proportional vote and the possibility of reelection for Executive leading seats. And, within this perspective, a third chapter will address the political reform currently being processed in National Congress, by means of the Special Committee created to discuss this topic, as well as the proposal of an amendment to the Federal Constitution which shall guide future constitutional and legislative modifications. By the end, there shall be, within final considerations, the results of research undertaken on the base text used in the aforementioned committee, PEC n. 113/2005 from Federal Congress, and its consequences in the event of it being approved the way it is currently written.

Conferindo-se a importância do Direito de Propriedade, bem como os novos anseios trazidos pelo Direito Urbanístico e pelo Direito Ambiental, de garantir à coletividade o princípio constitucional de uma sociedade mais justa, o presente estudo objetiva uma análise do direito de propriedade como um direito, não mais absoluto, mas sim, um direito que somente é garantido ao proprietário que faça sua propriedade cumprir sua função social e sua função ambiental, pois não se concebe mais uma propriedade que somente atenda aos interesses individuais. A propriedade privada urbana precisa ser benéfica a toda a coletividade. As razões que justificam o desenvolvimento deste trabalho são muito relevantes, não só por ser o direito de propriedade um direito real por excelência, mas sim por ser um direito com obrigações sociais e ambientais, pois a sociedade brasileira está sedenta por melhores condições estruturais para as áreas urbanizáveis. Objetiva-se uma avaliação do direito de propriedade e suas funções, do direito urbanístico e do Estatuto da Cidade, na construção de cidades ambientalmente sustentáveis e que primem pelo bem-estar social, fazendo com que a propriedade privada urbana cumpra sua função socioambiental no seio das cidades, para a promoção de suas funções social e ambiental, promovendo o desenvolvimento e organização do meio urbano com justiça social e equidade entre seus cidadãos, através do plano diretor, conforme prescreve o artigo 182 da Constituição Federal.
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Conferring the importance of the right to property, as well as new concerns brought by Urban Law and Environmental Law, ensuring to collectivity the constitutional principle of a fairer society, the present study aims an analysis of the right to property as a right, no more absolute, but yes, a right which is only guaranteed to homeowners who make their property fulfill its social and environmental function, because it doesn’t conceives a property that only meets the individual interests. Urban private property must be beneficial to the whole collectivity. The reasons justifying the development of this work are very relevant, not only for the right of ownership that became a real law par excellence, but rather for being a right with environmental and social obligations, because the brazilian society is thirsty for best structural conditions for the urban areas. Objective an evaluation of property rights and its functions, urban law and the City’s Statute, in the construction of environmentally sustainable cities that excel by their social well-being, making the urban private property honor its environmental function within cities, for the promotion of their social and environmental functions, promoting the development and organization of the urban environment with social justice and equity among its citizens, through the master plan, as prescribed in article 182 of the Federal Constitution.

A la Memòria d’Investigació l’autor va constatar que de 1779 a 1814 una part de la població mallorquina va apostar pel liberalisme. Ara, es respon a si Mallorca va ser refractària a aquest corrent polític o, altrament, les mesures que s’endegaren per les autoritats foren impulsades i compartides durant el Trienni Liberal. Analitzades les fonts s’ha constatat que a l’illa existien persones amb una actitud positiva envers la nova cultura moderna, que durant el sexenni absolutista hi havia nuclis de liberals que van possibilitar la continuïtat d’aquest moviment, que la Diputació liberal va funcionar amb normalitat, que la seva política defensava els interessos mallorquins, que la Milícia Nacional Voluntària comptava amb un número considerable de milicians, que prou persones participaren en les associacions liberals, i que la reacció no va comptar amb la mateixa capacitat d’influència que a d’altres zones de l’Estat. Per això, es considera contrastada la hipòtesi.
En la memoria de Investigación el autor constató que de 1779 a 1814 una parte de la población mallorquina apostó por el liberalismo. Ahora se responde a si Mallorca fue refractaria a esta corriente política o, contrariamente, las medidas emprendidas por las autoridades fueron impulsadas y compartidas en el Trienio Liberal. Analizadas las fuentes se constata que en la isla existían personas con una actitud positiva hacia la nueva cultura moderna, que durante el sexenio absolutista había núcleos de liberales que posibilitaron la continuidad de este movimiento, que la Diputación liberal funcionó con normalidad, que su política defendía los intereses mallorquines, que la Milicia Nacional Voluntaria contó con un número considerable de milicianos, que bastantes personas participaron en las asociaciones liberales, y que la reacción no contó con la misma capacidad de influencia que en otras zonas del Estado. Por todo eso, se considera contrastada la hipótesis
In the Research Report the author found that from 1779 to 1814 a part of the Majorcan population opted for liberalism. Now, it will be answered the question whether Mallorca was refractory to this political current or otherwise, the measures arranged by the authorities were promoted and shared during the Liberal Triennium. After analyzing the sources the following facts have been confirmed: there were people on the island with a positive attitude towards the new modern culture; during the absolutist sexennium there were groups of liberal people who made possible the continuation of this movement; the liberal Deputation worked with normality and their policy defended the Majorcan interests; the Volunteer National Militia had a large number of militiamen; quite a lot of people participated in the liberal associations; and the reaction did not count with the same capacity of influence than in other areas in the State. Therefore, the hypothesis is considered verified

Why summarize data? 174 Types of data 176 Quantitative data 178 Categorical data 180 Summarizing quantitative data 182 Calculation of mean, SD 184 Calculation of median, interquartile range 186 Geometric mean, harmonic mean, mode 188 Choosing a summary measure for quantitative data 190 Summarizing categorical data ...

Contents The spectrum of hydrogen 181 The spectral series 181 Example 21.1: Calculating the shortest and longest wavelength lines in a series 182 Selection rules 182 Brief illustration 21.1: Selection rules 182 Term symbols 183 The total orbital angular momentum...

In this chapter, we guide you through the final stages of completing your written work. Too often novice writers skip this vital stage of writing, thinking that their earlier drafts and revisions are sufficient. But experienced writers know that one last careful review is needed to assure the highest quality of work possible. By the end of this chapter, you will be able to do the following: ■Identify the different features of effective writing ■ Examine your written work from various perspectives ■ Take systematic steps to improve the quality of your writing ■ Finalize your written work so that it meets the expectations of your target audience As you work through the chapter, the Revising and Editing on Your Own tasks will guide you as you do the following: 18A Prepare to finalize your work 18B Check organization 18C Verify follow-through 18D Eliminate redundancy 18E Maximize conciseness 18F Check tense and voice 18G Correct common errors 18H Review science content 18I Reconfirm adherence to external guidelines 18J Check formatting and overall appearance By the time you consult this chapter, you have most likely revised and edited your work countless times. You have written separate sections, modified them, and then merged them, altering your writing throughout the process in an attempt to fit all the pieces together seamlessly. You have probably lost count of all the changes, large and small, that you have made (or been asked to make) in an effort to perfect your writing. Indeed, for most writers, more time is spent rewriting than writing. In this chapter, we ask you to look again at your written work, but this time as an entire document. Rather than write and rewrite section by section, we ask you to take a step back and reflect on your work as a whole. The goal is to achieve a coherent and fluent piece of writing that reads well from start to finish. To facilitate this process, we have created a checklist of nine items (listed below). We present each item and ask you to review your entire work from the perspective of this item, making changes and improvements as needed.

Chapter 13 covered all aspects of Banburismus, but without much of the mathematical and other detail. This chapter seeks to explain depth, Bayes’ theorem, logarithmic scoring (and its application to the Banburies discovered in the roof of Hut 6), decibanning, chains and depth cribbing, comic strips, and twiddling. This seems to be the first publication of much of this explanation. In Chapter 13 I promised a simple illustrative example of depth and some of the terms associated with it. In Table 38.1 QVAJX . . . and the others are three enciphered messages as transmitted. This table does not relate to any particular real-life cipher, and its three enciphered messages are unrealistically short. It illustrates an imaginary system which enciphers letter by letter (as Enigma did), using an enciphering table which would provide hundreds, or more probably thousands, of individual enciphering units, whatever the nature of the imaginary enciphering system. The numbers 180, 181, . . . indicate the positions of the units in the table. The encipherer could choose where in the table to begin enciphering (say, at position 183) and, once started, continued to use the enciphering units in sequence (183, 184, 185, . . .). The legitimate receiver of the message had to be told where to start in the table. This was done by an ‘indicator’, which was itself enciphered, usually by a different system, and formed part of a preamble to the message as transmitted. The three enciphered messages in this example, which may have come from different sources, start at different positions in the enciphering table. They have significant overlaps, and it is where they overlap that they are said to be ‘in depth’. Here the depths are of two messages (as in column 182) or of three (column 183). In real life they could be of ten or twenty. All the letters in a particular column (as QDF in column 183) have been enciphered in exactly the same way.

Abstract A design of a prototype mesoscale compressor using electrostriction of polymers as a way of actuation is described. In this application, electrostrictive polymers (EP) are squeezed and stretched by electrostatic forces generated by a high voltage applied via thin-film Au electrodes. This paper compares the results of several experiments performed on silicone materials based on Dow Corning Sylgard 182 and 184. The silicone films are prepared by mixing Sylgard 182 or 184 with curing agents in a weight ratio of 10:1. Some samples are tested in a flat configuration, while others are rolled together to form a tube actuator. This actuator is placed inside a glass tube and sealed on one end to form a mesoscale compressor. The tests on electrode thickness show that the thinner the electrode, the greater the displacement. Greater strain can be achieved by making thinner silicone films. The pressure achieved is only on the order of 1 kPa, but significantly greater pressures are anticipated if sealing losses can be reduced.

Weld overlays (WOL) of alloys believed to possess superior stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance are typically applied over welds made with SCC-susceptible alloys with the expectation that they will act as a barrier to SCC. The objective of this work is to investigate the behavior of a crack initiated in Alloy 182 as it approaches the Alloy 52M WOL interface. For this purpose, an Alloy 52M WOL was deposited on a double-J Alloy 182 weld. Compact tension specimens were fabricated with the notch in Alloy 182 and oriented towards the WOL, and tested in a simulated PWR environment. The first such test revealed that the SCC rates in Alloy 182 were found to decrease by an order of magnitude ahead of the interface, and that the crack advanced from Alloy 182 into Alloy 52M. The post test examination found that crack branching occurred at the interface between the two alloys. Growth in Alloy 52M along the interface appears severe, approx. 10−10 m/s. While for the most part (70%) the crack propagated along the interface, SCC cracking was also found to extend into Alloy 52M along the original direction. This cracking is substantial, yielding SCC rates of 10−11 m/s.

Control of hemostatic parameters of patients undergoing surgery usually involves only determination of parameters of the coagulation cascade, but not measurement of primary hemostasis. This has mainly methodological reasons. Recently a model of primary hemostasis has been introduced (Kratzer & Bom, Haemostasis 15:357; 1985) now produced under the name “ Thrombostat 4000” (VDG von der Goltz, 8221 Seeon, West Germany). This device measures computerized within minutes “ in vitro” bleeding parameters (vBP) like bleeding volume (V,ul), time (T,sec) and the viscosity depending initial flow (IF,ul/min) in a small sample (0.5-lml) of whole anticoagulated blood (Na citrate 1 to 10). The clinical relevance of the vBP was tested in patients undergoing major surgery.Results : Case 1: A 78 years old woman with osteomyelosarcoma, heavy bleeding and normal coagulation parametrs showed strongly pathological vBP: (V > 800, T > 300, IF 184); control values: (V = 177, T = 105, IF = 145); An improvement of beeding and shortening of vBP was observed after infusion of platelet concentrate: (V = 328, T = 245, IF = 147).Case 2: A 60 years old man with adenocarcinoma undergoing liver transplantation, before operation (OP) vBP: (V = 224, T = 114, IF = 182); displayed a strong increase during OP: (V > 800, T = 360, IF = 277; decreasing values after Oft (V = 348, T = 146, IF = 254); 1. day after OP: (V = 250, T = 127, IF = 221); 13 day after OP normal vBft (V = 160, T = 111, IF 182).Case 3: A 35 years old man with III. grade burnings of the skin (35%) and a massive platelet function defect: (V > 800, T > 180, IF = 328); improvement after infusion of platelet concentrate: (V = 393, T = 164, IF = 239); further improvement some hours later: (V = 240, T = 120, IF = 213); and normalizing of parameters at the 1. day: (V = 197, T = 126, IF = 186) and the 5. day after OP: (V = 130, T = 122, IF = 142).It is interesting to note that patients with heavy burnings reguarly displayed reduced vBP: (V = 120, T = 70, IF = 127) if measured very early after the accident. The new method seems to be a valuable instrument to judge platelet functions.

extent and characterisitcs of tax-deductible donations made and claimed by Australian taxpayers to Deductible Gift Recipients (DGRs) at Item D9 Gifts or Donations in their individual income tax returns for the 2018–19 income year. While section 1.3 of this Executive Summary provides a more detailed overview, analysis of the ATO data showed that the total amount donated and claimed as tax deductible donations in 2018–19 was $3.93 billion (compared to $3.75 billion for the previous income year). This constitutes an increase of 4.85 per cent or $182 million from the previous income year. The average tax-deductible donation made to DGRs and claimed by Australian taxpayers in 2018–19 was $933.20 (compared to $845.73 in the previous income year).

Behavioural interventions are policies and programmes that incorporate insights from scientists who study human behaviour (such as psychology and behavioural economics), with the aim of encouraging socially desirable behaviours by removing barriers and creating incentives or disincentives (Cornago, 2021). Very few behavioural interventions for energy efficiency have been documented in Eastern Europe and the Western Balkans, and none in North Macedonia. The limited experience that has been documented in the region consists of a few small trials which used behavioural principles to inform households about approaches to energy conservation, but none of these trials have demonstrated a significant effect on behaviour. Behavioural interventions have been widely used elsewhere in the world, particularly in North America, Western Europe, and Australia, and there are many studies evaluating their impacts in these regions (Andor & Fels, 2018, p. 182). This report focuses primarily on household energy efficiency, and particularly on the most widespread and well-documented interventions, which are those related to providing feedback on energy consumption and labelling consumer goods. Although behavioural interventions have been shown to produce significant impacts and to be cost-effective in many situations, the available evidence has some limitations. Many examples that have been documented are small-scale trials or pilot projects; large-scale, institutionalised policy interventions based on behavioural insights are rare (Users TCP and IEA, 2020, p. 22). In many studies, experiments with small sample sizes and short durations show larger impacts than larger and longer-term studies, suggesting that pilot studies may over-estimate the savings that might be achieved by large-scale programmes (Andor & Fels, 2018, p. 182; Erhardt-Martinez et al., 2010, p. iv). The amount of energy saved by behavioural interventions is often fairly small and varies widely from one programme to another, suggesting that the effectiveness of these interventions may be highly dependent on local context and on details of design and implementation. Finally, many studies rely on participants reporting their intentions, and on hypothetical rather than actual purchasing decisions, and some studies have found a divergence between stated intentions and actual behaviour (Grünig et al., 2010, p. 41; Users TCP and IEA, 2020, pp. 75–76; Yang et al., 2015, pp. 21–22).

Recent industry experience is showing that modern lower grade steels (X60 to X70) are not having the same fracture behavior as older steels of the same grade. As a major consequence, past material qualification test methods may be no longer valid for these new steels and may not provide safe design guidance, both for the evaluation of the brittle to ductile transition temperature and for the prediction of ductile fracture arrest requirements. MAT-8-1 Project Phase 2 was specifically focused on brittle-to-ductile transition temperature assessment and may ultimately lead to reliable testing methods to evaluate the behavior of modern steels, to allow the industry to design safe gas pipelines. Specific small and full-scale experimental activities have been carried out, with the aim to verify the correspondence between the brittle-to-ductile transition temperatures determined using different small-scale sample geometries and comparing the results with four full-scale West Jefferson tests.

The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) represents 182 countries with a focus on animal health, animal welfare and veterinary public health. The OIE has several Collaborating Centres that support the work of the organisation. The Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise ‘Giuseppe Caporale’ (IZSAM) is the Secretariat for the OIE Collaborating Centre Network on Veterinary Emergencies (EmVetNet). In April 2020, the IZSAM initiated a COVID-19 Thematic Platform on Animal Welfare. The working group represented the EmVetNet Collaborating Centres, international institutions, veterinary associations, authorities and animal welfare organisations. Lincoln Memorial University College of Veterinary Medicine recruited summer research students whom catalogued over 1,200 animal welfare related reports and provided 64 report narratives for the working group. IZSAM launched the EmVetNet website (https://emvetnet.izs.it) for public and private exchange of information, materials, and guidelines related to veterinary emergencies. The EmVetNet COVID-19 Thematic Platform on Animal Welfare continues to meet to address emerging issues, strengthen the network for future emergencies, and share information with stakeholders including national Veterinary Services responding to the epidemic.

The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) represents 182 countries with a focus on animal health, animal welfare and veterinary public health. The OIE has several Collaborating Centres that support the work of the organisation. The Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise ‘Giuseppe Caporale’ (IZSAM) is the Secretariat for the OIE Collaborating Centre Network on Veterinary Emergencies (EmVetNet). In April 2020, the IZSAM initiated a COVID-19 Thematic Platform on Animal Welfare. The working group represented the EmVetNet Collaborating Centres, international institutions, veterinary associations, authorities and animal welfare organisations. Lincoln Memorial University College of Veterinary Medicine recruited summer research students whom catalogued over 1,200 animal welfare related reports and provided 64 report narratives for the working group. IZSAM launched the EmVetNet website (https://emvetnet.izs.it) for public and private exchange of information, materials, and guidelines related to veterinary emergencies. The EmVetNet COVID-19 Thematic Platform on Animal Welfare continues to meet to address emerging issues, strengthen the network for future emergencies, and share information with stakeholders including national Veterinary Services responding to the epidemic.

The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) operates a fleet of nearly 1100 snowplows and spends up to $60M annually on snow removal and de-icing as part of their winter operation maintenance activities. Systematically allocating resources and optimizing material application rates can potentially save revenue that can be reallocated for other roadway maintenance operations. Modern snowplows are beginning to be equipped with a variety of Mobile Road Weather Information Sensors (MARWIS) which can provide a host of analytical data characterizing on-the-ground conditions during periods of wintry precipitation. Traffic speeds fused with road conditions and precipitation data from weather stations provide a uniquely detailed look at the progression of a winter event and the performance of the fleet. This research uses a combination of traffic speeds, MARWIS and North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) data to develop real-time dashboards characterizing the impact of precipitation and pavement surface temperature on mobility. Twenty heavy snow events were identified for the state of Indiana from November 2018 through April 2019. Two particular instances, that impacted 182 miles and 231 miles of interstate at their peaks occurred in January and March, respectively, and were used as a case study for this paper. The dashboards proposed in this paper may prove to be particularly useful for agencies in tracking fleet activity through a winter storm, helping in resource allocation and scheduling and forecasting resource needs.