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1

Janati, Hicham. "Advances in Optimal transport and applications to neuroscience." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021IPPAG001.

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Les dispositifs d'imagerie cérébrale peuvent donner un aperçu de l'activité neuronale à plusieurs endroits et points dans le temps. En pratique, les études d'imagerie cérébrales sont généralement menées pour plusieurs personnes suivant le même protocole expérimental. L'inférence des régions actives du cerveau est un problème inverse mal posé qui ne peut être résolu qu'en ajoutant des hypothèses a priori sur les solutions. Plusieurs hypothèses préalables ont été poursuivies dans la littérature, comme la favorisation des solutions parcimonieuses ou la résolution du problème pour plusieurs sujets à la fois. Cependant, aucune ne profite de la géométrie spatiale du problème. Le but de cette thèse est d'exploiter au maximum les aspects multisujets, spatiaux et temporels des données de magnétoencéphalographie pour améliorer le conditionnement du problème inverse. À cette fin, nos contributions s'articulent autour de trois axes : le transport optimal (OT), la régression multi-tâches parcimonieuse et les séries temporelles. En effet, la capacité de l'OT à mesurer les disparités spatiales entre les distributions le rend très bien adapté à la comparaison et l'aggrégation des cartes d'activation neurales en fonction de leur forme et de leur emplacement sur la surface du cortex cérébral. Pour des raisons numériques, on utilise la formulation entropique du transport optimal, qui, selon nous, comporte deux pièces manquantes importantes. D'un point de vue théorique, elle n'a aucune expression analytique à ce jour, et d'un point de vue pratique, l'entropie conduit à une augmentation significative de la variance, phénomène connu sous le nom de biais entropique. Nous complétons ce puzzle en étudiant les Gaussiennes multivariées pour lesquelles nous découvrons une forme close de l'OT entropique et proposons des algorithmes débiaisés pour calculer des barycentres de transport optimal rapides et précis. Ensuite, nous définissons une pénalité multitâche basé sur l'OT et des pénalités de parcimonie pour résoudre le problème inverse pour plusieurs sujets afin de promouvoir des solutions cohérentes sur le plan spatial. Nos résultats sur des données réelles mettent en évidence les avantages de l'utilisation de l'OT comme régularisation par rapport aux pénalités de régression multitâches classiques. Enfin, nous proposons une nouvelle divergence pour comparer et moyenner des données spatio-temporelles basée sur un alignement temporel entre des observations spatialement similaires, le tout via un algorithme rapide et adapté aux GPUs
Brain imaging devices can provide a glimpse at neural activity in multiple spatial locations and time points. Moreover, neuroimaging studies are usually conducted for multiple individuals undergoing the same experimental protocol. Inferring the underlying sources is a challenging inverse problem that can only be tackled by biasing the solutions with prior domain knowledge. Several prior hypotheses have been pursued in the literature such as promoting sparse over dense solutions or solving the problem for multiple subjects at once. However, none take advantage of the particular spatial geometry of the problem. The purpose of this thesis is to exploit the multi-subject, spatial and temporal aspects of magneto-encephalography data as much as possible to improve the conditioning of the inverse problem. To that end, our contributions revolve around three axes: optimal transport (OT), sparse multi-task regression and time series. Indeed, the ability of OT to capture spatial disparities between measures makes it very well suited to compare and average neural activation patterns based on their shape and location over the cortical surface of the brain. For the sake of scalability, we take advantage of the entropic formulation of optimal transport, which we argue has two important missing pieces. From a theoretical perspective, it has no closed form analytical expressions, and from a practical perspective, entropy leads to a significant increase in variance known as "entropic bias". We complete this puzzle by studying multivariate Gaussians for which we uncover an entropic OT closed form and propose "debiased" algorithms to compute fast and accurate optimal transport barycenters. Second, we define a multi-task prior based on OT and sparse penalties to jointly solve the inverse problem for multiple subjects to promote spatially coherent solutions. Our real data experiments highlight the benefits of using OT as a prior over classical multi-task regression penalties. Finally, we propose a loss function to compare and average spatio-temporal data that computes temporal alignments across spatially similar observations of the data via a fast GPU friendly algorithm
2

Slioa, Silvia. "Sigillbilden U.9750 : Enki/Ea`s Abzus symbolism i Ur och Eridu." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antikens kultur, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-118746.

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Vid utgrävningar utförda av brittiska arkeologer 1922 i staden Ur i Mesopotamienpåträffades i en grav ett sigill: U.9750. Hantverket är i mörkgrön steatit och är 0,036m X 0,024 m stort. Idag dateras det till den gammalakkadiska perioden ca 2250 f. Kr.Sigillet förvaras i Nationalmuseet i Irak och anses som ett av de mer betydelsefullaföremålen från perioden. Museet blev plundrat efter invasionen av Irak 2003. Det gåratt studera föremål, däribland sigillbilden U.9750 på hemsidan av Iraksnationalmuseum http://www.theiraqmuseum.com/. Stulet eller försvunnet materialfinns även publicerat i http://oi.uchicago.edu/OI/IRAQ/iraq.html. Sigillet anses vara enav Mesopotamiens största konstnärliga höjdpunkter inom konsthantverk eftersombilden på sigillet U.9750 har olika mönster och figurer samtidigt är utförd i ennaturlistisk stil.
3

Pang, Xiaoying [Verfasser], and Eva [Akademischer Betreuer] Grebel. "A comprehensive study of the young star cluster HD 97950 in NGC 3603 / Xiaoying Pang ; Betreuer: Eva Grebel." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1179784731/34.

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4

Romano, Cristiana. "Analisi acustica da postazione fissa della presenza e del comportamento di delfinidi in relazione al disturbo antropico." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9750/.

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La Bioacustica marina studia gli aspetti “acustici” riguardanti gli animali marini tra cui le capacità uditive, la produzione del suono e la comunicazione attraverso i suoni. Ad oggi, un crescente livello di suoni introdotti negli oceani dalle attività umane sta causando una serie di effetti sull’ecosistema marino ed in particolare su specie che svolgono molteplici funzioni attraverso l’impiego attivo e passivo dei suoni, primi fra tutti i mammiferi marini. Il monitoraggio acustico passivo è uno dei metodi principali e popolari usati per aiutare gli scienziati a indagare e capire i modelli comportamentali degli animali marini. L'area di studio d’interesse si trova nel Canale di Sicilia, nel tratto di mare antistante Capo Granitola (Sicilia sud-occidentale), dove troviamo tra le specie più abbondanti di mammiferi marini: il tursiope, la stenella e il delfino comune. Questo tratto di mare è monitorato acusticamente dal 2012 dal laboratorio di bioacustica dell’IAMC-CNR attraverso un sistema di registrazione subacqueo autonomo. Il lavoro di tesi ha avuto l’obiettivo di analizzare 9 mesi di registrazioni al fine di studiare la presenza di delfinidi. Gli obiettivi specifici di questa tesi sono stati: •La verifica di interazioni tra delfini e attività antropiche attraverso l’analisi della presenza contemporanea di rumori prodotti da imbarcazioni e disegnali sonori prodotti da delfinidi; •Studiare gli andamenti circadiani e stagionali dei vocalizzi dei delfinidi e eventuali variazioni nei principali parametri acustici che caratterizzano i segnali di ecolocalizzazione. Grazie all’analisi dei dati acustici si sono ottenute informazioni sugli andamenti temporali della presenza/vocalizzazioni di delfinidi e sulla possibile interazione con le barche da pesca.
5

Wang, Jih-Terng. "Nutritional interactions between the alga Symbiodinium and sea anemone Aiptasia pulchella." Thesis, University of York, 1998. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9750/.

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6

Smith, M. E. B. "Design and synthesis of novel hydrogels for biological applications." Thesis, Aston University, 1994. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/9750/.

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The aims of this project were: 1) the synthesis of a range of new polyether-based vinylic monomers and their incorporation into poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (poly(HEMA)) based hydrogel networks, of interest to the contact lens industry. 2) the synthesis of a range of alkyltartronic acids, and their derivatives. These molecules may ultimately be used to produce functionalised poly(-hydroxy acids) of potential interest in either drug delivery or surgical suture applications. The novel syntheses of a range of both methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) acrylates (MPEGAs) and poly(ethylene glycol) acrylates (PEGAs) are described. Products were obtained in very good yields. These new polyether-based vinylic monomers were copolymerised with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) to produce a range of hydrogels. The equilibrium water contents (EWC) and surface properties of these copolymers containing linear polyethers were examined. It was found that the EWC was enhanced by the presence of the hydrophilic polyether chains. Results suggest that the polyether side chains express themselves at the polymer surface, thus dictating the surface properties of the gels. Consequentially, this leads to an advantageous reduction in the surface adhesion of biological species. A synthesis of a range of alkyltartronic acids is also described. The acids prepared were obtained in very good yields using a novel four-stage synthesis. These acids were modified to give potassium monoethyl alkyltartronates. Although no polyesterification is described in this thesis, these modified alkyltartronic acid derivatives are considered to be potentially excellent starting materials for poly (alkyltartronic acid) synthesis via anhydrocarboxylate or anhydrosulphite cyclic monomers.
7

Piña, Villalonga Juana María. "Diversidad e importancia ecológica del grupo Roseobacter en aguas costeras sometidas a impacto antropogénico." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/97350.

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8

García, Ventura Agnès. "El Trabajo y la producción textil en la Tercera Dinastía de Ur." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/97050.

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La presente tesis propone una interpretación de la organización de la producción textil en la Tercera Dinastía de Ur (ca. 2100-2000 a.n.e.) en Mesopotamia. Se centra en las relaciones de género, la división sexual del trabajo, la jerarquización y el estatus para explicar las categorías laborales y los grupos de trabajo especializados. La evidencia utilizada procede esencialmente de textos sumerios de Ur III publicados entre 1972 y 2010. De entre ellos se han seleccionado 100 textos relacionados con la producción de tejidos que se presentan en transliteración y traducción al castellano.
This dissertation proposes an interpretation of how textile production was organised during the Third Dynasty of Ur (ca. 2100-2000 BCE) in Mesopotamia. We concentrate on gender relationships, the sexual division of labour, hierarchy and status to explain job categories and specialised working groups. The sources used are basically Sumerian texts from the Ur III period, published between 1972 and 2010. Among them, we have selected 100 texts related specifically to textile production. All are presented in transliteration and translation into Spanish in this dissertation.
9

Santos, Jomilto Luiz Praxedes dos [UNESP]. "Elaboração de uma plataforma oscilatória para teste de equilíbrio dinâmico." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97050.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Este estudo tem como objetivo elaborar e validar um protótipo de plataforma proprioceptiva que possibilite a mensuração e o monitoramento do comportamento cinemático dos estímulos perturbatórios gerados. Considerando que atualmente, a avaliação do equilíbrio postural em plataformas instável é realizada de forma qualitativa, sendo observado o quanto a plataforma oscilou, a estratégia proposta neste estudo permite quantificar o fenômeno oscilatório, permitindo futuras comparações entre exames, isto como uma forma de medida avaliativa dos participantes. Foi elaborada uma plataforma oscilatória que possibilitava a mensuração do seu deslocamento angular através de um potenciômetro. Para a validação do equipamento utilizou-se a técnica da videogrametria, sendo assim, durante a movimentação da plataforma coletou-se dados provenientes da plataforma e do potenciômetro. A plataforma instável construída e instrumentalizada neste trabalho foi capaz de mensurar e monitorar o comportamento cinemático dos estímulos perturbatórios gerados durante a sua movimentação, apresentando alto valor de correlação. Desta forma, pode-se substituir a técnica de videogrametria pela utilização do potenciômetro, tornando o exame mais prático. Este equipamento poderá ser útil para o estudo minucioso do equilíbrio e da estabilidade postural, no que tange a relação entre os estímulos perturbatórios gerados e a resposta motora do testado
This study aims to develop and validate an oscillating platform which enables the measurement and monitoring of the kinematics of the stimuli generated disturbing. Whereas today, the assessment of postural balance in an unstable platform is performed in a qualitative way, observing how the platform oscillated, the strategy proposed in this study to quantify the oscillatory phenomenon, allowing for future comparisons between tests, this measure as a form of evaluative participants. A oscillating platform was developed that allowed the measurement of its angular displacement with a potentiometer. For the validation of equipment used the technique of videogrammetry, so during the platform movement data was collected. The unstable platform built and manipulated in this study was able to measure and monitor the kinematics of the stimuli generated disturbing when they are moving at a high correlation value. Thus, one can replace the technique of videogrammetry the use of potentiometer, making the test more practical. This equipment may be useful for the detailed study of balance and postural stability, regarding the relationship between stimuli and motor response disturbing generated the test
10

Westerich, Juliana Nogueira [UNESP]. "Estudos histopatológicos e ciclos biológicos de Meloidogyne mayaguensis e M. javanica em tomateiros com gene Mi." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97150.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
A espécie Meloidogyne mayaguensis vem causando grande preocupação por ser capaz de vencer a resistência de tomateiros portadores do gene Mi. O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar o ciclo biológico e a histopatologia de M. mayaguensis em tomateiros resistentes a meloidoginose e compará-los com os aspectos biológicos e histopatológicos de Meloidogyne javanica nas mesmas plantas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, sendo para o estudo do ciclo biológico composto de vinte tratamentos (dois porta-enxertos de tomateiro, ‘Magnet’ e ‘Helper M’; duas espécies de nematoides das galhas, M. mayaguensis e M. javanica; e cinco épocas de coleta, 3 DAI, 10 DAI, 17 DAI, 24 DAI e 31 DAI), com cinco repetições. Para o estudo da histopatologia, composto por 12 tratamentos (dois porta-enxertos de tomateiro, ‘Magnet’ e ‘Helper M’; duas espécies de nematoides das galhas, M. mayaguensis e M. javanica; e três épocas de coleta, 10 DAI, 17 DAI e 24 DAI), com três repetições. As plantas foram inoculadas com 500 juvenis infectivos (J2) de M. mayaguensis ou M. javanica. As avaliações foram realizadas em cinco épocas de coleta. Em cada coleta, cinco plantas foram retiradas ao acaso e suas raízes separadas em duas porções. Uma das partes foi submetida à coloração com Fucsina Ácida e dissecada sob microscópio estereoscópico para a contagem dos diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento dos nematoides. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Na outra porção do sistema radicular, foram feitos cortes histológicos transversais com 8 μm de espessura, corados com Floxina B seguido de Azul de Toluidina 0,05%, para determinação dos números e áreas das células gigantes e dos sítios de alimentação presentes no cilindro vascular da raiz. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos...
The species Meloidogyne mayaguensis is causing great concern for being able to overcome the resistance of tomatoes carrying the Mi gene. The objective of this work was to study the life cycle and the histopathological changes of M. mayaguensis in nematode-resistant tomatoes and compare them with biological and histopathological aspects of Meloidogyne javanica in the same plants. The experimental design was completely randomized, and to study the life cycle composed of twenty treatments (two varieties of tomato, 'Magnet' and 'Helper M', two species of nematodes, M. javanica and M. mayaguensis and five harvest dates, 3 DAI, 10 DAI 17 DAI 24 DAI and 31 DAI), with five replicates. To study the histopathology, composed of 12 treatments (two varieties of tomato, 'Magnet' and 'Helper M', two species of nematodes, M. javanica and M. mayaguensis and three harvest dates, 10 DAI, 17 DAI and 24 DAI), with three replications. The plants were inoculated with 500 infective juveniles (J2) of M. mayaguensis or M. javanica. The evaluations were conducted in five sampling times. At each harvest, five plants were taken at random and their roots separated into two parts. The first was stained with Acid Fuchsin and dissected under a stereomicroscope to count the different developmental stages of nematodes. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and means compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. In the another portion of the root system, 8 microns thick transversal sections were obtained, stained with Phloxine B followed by Toluidine Blue 0.05%, for determining the numbers and areas of giant cells and feeding sites in the vascular cylinder. The data were subjected to Multivariate Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis. The results showed that the species M. mayaguensis was able to develop normally in the root-stocks, completing its cycle 24 days after inoculation (DAI)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
11

Souza, Filho Ronaldo Caravieri de [UNESP]. "Caracterização fisiológica e sensibilidade de isolados de Colletotrichum lindemuthianum de feijão-vagem a fungicidas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97250.

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O feijão-vagem (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) pertence à mesma família e espécie botânica do feijão comum que é cultivado no Brasil. O feijão-vagem é cultivado em cerca de 100 países, envolvendo grande número de gêneros e espécies. A antracnose incitada pelo fungo Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magn.) é uma das doenças mais importantes dessa cultura, pois causa severos danos. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a sensibilidade in vitro e in vivo de 12 isolados de C. lindemuthianum de feijão-vagem, oriundos de diversas localidades situadas no Estado de São Paulo, a fungicidas, bem como determinar as raças fisiológicas desse fungo. A sensibilidade a fungicidas in vitro foi determinada através da aferição do crescimento micelial (12 isolados) e da germinação de conídios (4 isolados) em 5 concentrações (0, 1, 10, 100, 1000μg.mL-1) dos produtos oxicloreto de cobre + mancozeb, chlorotalonil, chlorotalonil + tiofanato metílico, tiofanato metílico, mancozeb, metiram + piraclostrobina, piraclostrobina, óxido cuproso e carbendazim foram adicionados em meio batata - dextrose - ágar (BDA) e determinadas as faixas de ED50. Para a avaliação in vivo, folhas primárias de feijão-vagem cultivar Itatiba II foram imersas nas soluções dos fungicidas oxicloreto de cobre + mancozeb (2g/L), chlorotalonil (2g/L), chlorothalonil + tiofanato metílico (3,5g/L), tiofanato metílico (2g/L), mancozeb (4g/L), metiram + piraclostrobina (3g/L), piraclostrobina (0,6ml/L), óxido cuproso (2g/L) e carbendazim (2ml/L), inoculadas separadamente com conídios dos quatro isolados de C. lindemuthianum, mantidas em placas de Petri, sob condições controladas e os...
The snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) belongs to the same family and botanical species of common bean that is grown in Brazil. It is a crop planted in about 100 countries around the world, involving a large number of genera and species. The anthracnose incited by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magn.) is one of the most important diseases of this crop, it causes severe damage. This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity in vitro and in vivo to fungicides of 12 isolates of C. lindemuthianum from snap beans of various localities in the state of São Paulo, as well as determine the races of this fungus. The sensitivity to fungicides in vitro was determined by measuring the mycelial growth (12 isolates) and spore germination (4 isolates) in 5 concentrations (0, 1, 10, 100 and 1000μg.mL-1) of fungicides oxychloride copper + mancozeb, chlorothalonil, chlorothalonil + methyl thiophanate, methyl thiophanate, mancozeb, metiram + pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, oxide copper and carbendazim were added in potatodextrose- agar (PDA) and the ED50 interval were determineted. For in vivo evaluation, primary leaves of snap bean cultivar Itatiba II were immersed in solutions of the fungicides mancozeb + copper oxychloride (2g / L), chlorothalonil (2g / L), chlorothalonil + thiophanate methyl (3.5 g / L) , thiophanate-methyl (2g / L), mancozeb (4g / l), metiram + pyraclostrobin (3g / L), pyraclostrobin (0.6 mL / L), cuprous oxide (2 g / L) and carbendazim (2ml / l), conidia of the four isolates of C. lindemuthianum were inoculated separately and kept in petri dishes under controlled conditions. Symptoms of the disease were assessed with a diagrammatic severity. The results showed that the isolates of C. lindemuthianum from snap-beans presented low sensitivity to fungicides on mycelial growth of cooper oxide, mancozeb... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
12

Castilho, Anderson Almeida [UNESP]. "Efeito de dois sistemas de soldagem na alteração dimensional nas ligas de cobalto-cromo verificado por meio de análise por extensometria linear elétrica e resistência à flexão." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97350.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar a alteração dimensional provocada pelos procedimentos de soldagem nas infra-estruturas de próteses fixas impanto-suportadas por meio de análise de extensometria linear elétrica assim como se determinar a resistência flexão de dois tipos de juntas soldadas (Arco-Plasma e Laser) em liga Odontológica Co-Cr. Para tanto, estruturas metálicas foram fundidas pelo método de indução para pilares tipo micro-unit. Para esse estudo, foram investigados três grupos: Grupo controle (G I: fundição em Monobloco, n=10), Grupo Arco-Plasma (G II: fundição segmentada e soldagem da estrutura em Arco-Plasma, n=10) e Grupo Laser (G III: fundição segmentada e soldagem da estrutura em LASER, n=10) as quais após assentamento em modelo de análise extensométrica, foram coletadas três leituras de microdeformação (με) para cada amostra. Os grupos, após ensaio de extensometria linear elétrica, foram submetidos ao teste de resistência à flexão (MPa) em máquina de ensaios universal (EMIC, 0,5 mm/min, 500Kg). As médias ±DP dos valores de microdeformação observados para as condições foram para o grupo Monobloco:461,9με; para o grupo Arco-Plasma: 637,0με e para o grupo Laser : 526,8με. Os resultados obtidos após o teste de resistência à flexão foram: para o grupo Monobloco: 1857,2MPa; para o grupo Arco-Plasma: 1820MPa e para o grupo Laser : 1068Mpa. Uma comparação em análise extensométrica entre os três grupos, quanto à distribuição dos valores de alteração dimensional, foi efetuada por meio do teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Verificou-se que a distribuição dos valores de alteração dimensional não difere Estatisticamente (estatística kw = 1,77; gl = 2; p = 0,414 > 0,05). Uma comparação entre os três grupos, quanto à distribuição dos valores...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the dimensional changes caused by the welding procedures in implant-supported prostheses infrastructure by strain gauge analysis as well as to determine the flexural strength values of two types of welded joints (Arc-Plasm and Laser) in Co-Cr dental alloy. Thus, metal structures were casted by induction method for micro-unit type abutment. For this study, three groups were evaluated: Control Group (G I: monoblock casting, n = 10), Arc-Plasm Group (G II: casting and welding of structures in Arc-Plasm, n = 10) and Laser Group (G III: casting and welding of structures in Laser, n = 10), in which were, after placing the samples in the strain gauge analysis model, three micro strain (με) measurements for each specimen were collected. The groups, after strain gauge analysis, were submitted to flexural strength (MPa) test in an universal testing machine (EMIC, 0.5 mm / min, 500Kg). Mean ± SD values of microstrain conditions observed for the Monoblock group were: 461.9 mε; for the Arc-Plasm group: 637.0 mε and the Laser group: 526.8 mε. The results, after flexural strength test, were: Monoblock group: 1857.2 MPa; Arc-Plasm group: 1820 MPa and Laser group: 1068 MPa. The strain gauge comparison analysis between the three groups, as well the distribution of dimensional changes values were made by Kruskal- Wallis test. It was found that the values´ distribution of dimensional changes do not differ statistically (KW statistic = 1.77, df = 2, p = 0.414> 0.05). A comparison between the three groups, in relation to the 108 distribution of the values of flexural strength, was performed by Kruskal- Wallis test. It was found that the values distribution of flexural strength differ statistically... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Faco, Vanessa Marques Gibran [UNESP]. "Famílias de zona rural e urbana: características e concepções de adolescentes." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97450.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
No Brasil, estudar família é um desafio devido à grande diversidade cultural existente e a variedade de arranjos familiares. Dentro dessa perspectiva, pode-se falar em “famílias brasileiras” formadas por padrões econômicos, sociais e culturais diversos. Partindo do pressuposto de que o conceito de família deve considerar a subjetividade dos indivíduos, esse estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar e conceituar famílias de zona rural e urbana de uma cidade do interior de São Paulo, segundo a perspectiva de adolescentes. Os participantes foram 48 adolescentes de 13 a 18 anos, sendo 16 da zona rural e 32 da urbana. Para atingir o objetivo proposto buscou-se uma abordagem metodológica capaz de permitir uma ampla coleta de informações, sendo utilizados dois instrumentos, um Questionário de Caracterização do Sistema Familiar e um Roteiro de Entrevista de Conceituação Familiar. Os resultados indicam que, nessa amostra, o percentual de famílias nucleares ainda é alto. O nível de escolaridade dos pais e a renda familiar são maiores na cidade do que no campo. A ocupação dos pais na área rural é mais ligada ao setor agropecuário e na urbana predomina os setores administrativos e gerenciais. Aproximadamente metade das mães rurais não exerce atividade remunerada e na cidade esse índice é de 9%. Nas duas localidades, a maioria tem casa própria (cerca de 77%). Com relação à rede social de apoio, a pessoa da família mais procurada pelos adolescentes é a mãe, seguida do pai que está assumindo várias funções, além do suporte financeiro tradicionalmente esperado; fora da família, os amigos são os mais procurados e, algumas vezes, fornecem mais apoio que os próprios membros familiares. A principal representação de família, para os adolescentes das duas localidades, é a de suporte emocional/afetivo. Quando abordam a concepção da própria família...
In Brazil, due to the big cultural diversity and the variety of family arrangements, studying family is a challenge. In this perspective, it is possible to talk about Brazilian families composed according to different economic, social and cultural standards. Presuming that the concept of family should consider individual subjectivity, this paper sought to characterize and conceptualize families from rural and urban areas of a city in São Paulo state, according to the perspective of teenagers. The participants were 48 teenagers between 13 and 18 years old, 16 from the rural area and 32 from the urban area. To reach this goal, we sought a methodological approach which could permit a broad information collection utilizing two tools, a questionnaire for familial system. Characterization and instructions for family conceptualization interview. The results indicate that the percentage of nuclear families in still high in that pattern. The parents' education level and the family's income are higher in the urban area than in the country side. The parents' jobs are more linked to agro business in the rural area and to the management and administration sectors in the urban area. About half the rural mothers do not have a paid job, while in the city they are 9%. In both places, the majority owns their houses (around 77). When it comes to social support net, mothers are the most wanted by teenagers, followed by fathers, who are taking several functins, besides the tradicional and expected financial support; apart from the family, friends are the most wanted and sometimes give even more support than family members. For the adolescents from both places, the main representation of family is that of emotional/affective support. When approaching the concept of their own families, this category continues to predominate, with inferior percentages... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Rozendo, Adriano da Silva [UNESP]. "Construção social do envelhecimento e experiências da velhice." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97550.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O aumento percentual da população idosa vem provocando um enorme impacto no espaço e no cenário da sociedade brasileira e tem sido relatado como o principal impulso para as mudanças no modo de se conceber e agir sobre a velhice. As idades avançadas da vida passaram a atrair a atenção de vários segmentos da sociedade, principalmente do Estado, do mercado e das ciências. Com isso, foram criados mecanismos específicos de gestão do envelhecimento, tais como o asilo de velhos, a aposentadoria, a geriatria, a gerontologia e um conjunto de leis específicas. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo percorrer as conexões que se estabelecem entre os saberes científicos, o aparato legal, as políticas públicas e contrastando-as com a experiência vivenciada no envelhecimento. A fim de compararmos as garantias legais com a realidade vivida pelos idosos, dedicamos parte do nosso trabalho à análise da situação do idoso em uma das cidades com maior proporção de idosos do estado de São Paulo. Como primeira observação empírica sobre o município analisado, cabe assinalar o fosso que separa o discurso oficial da realidade vivida. Os serviços disponíveis na cidade dirigidos aos idosos retratam bem que as garantias previstas na legislação nem sempre se efetivam na prática em forma de políticas públicas. A cidade mostra a força da gerontologia e dos projetos de atenção, executados por entidades públicas ou privadas, na condução da vida dos idosos arregimentados como uma população subdividida em segmentos ou grupos distintos. Clubes de idosos e projetos mais elitizados, como o da Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade, delimitam um segmento tido como o de uma...
The percentage increase of the old population is provoking an enormous impact in the space and in the scenery of the Brazilian society and has been reported as the principal impulse for the changes in the way of conceiving and to act about the old age. The advanced ages of the life started to attract the attention of several segments of the society, principally of the State, of the capitalism and of the sciences. There were created specific mechanisms of management of the aging, like the asylums of old, retirement, the geriatrics, the gerontology, and a set of specifics laws. The present research had objective go through the connections that are established between the scientific knowledge, the legal pomp, the public policies and to contrast it with the experience lived by the aging. In order to compare the legal guarantees with the reality lived by the old ones, we dedicate part of our work to the analysis of the situation of the senior citizen in one of the cities with bigger proportion of old population of the state of Sao Paulo. As the first empirical observation, about the city examined, it suits to mark the trench that separates the official speech of the reality experienced in life. The services available in this city, turned to the seniors citizens, show well that the guarantees predicted in the legislation not always bring effect in practice in form of public policies. The city shows the strength of the gerontology and of the projects of attention, executed by public or private entities, in the driving life of the old age, regimented like a population subdivided in segments or distinct groups. Clubs of seniors and others elitist projects, as the Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Gomes, Renata Fernanda Fernandes [UNESP]. "Infância e diversidade: um estudo sobre significações de gênero no brincar." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97650.

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A presente pesquisa buscou investigar o convívio das crianças, mediado pela atividade lúdica, segundo a ótica infantil. Para além da postura adultocêntrica, até aqui priorizada; meu objetivo consistiu em analisar a construção social da masculinidade e da feminilidade a partir das significações e sentidos atribuídos por elas à categoria de gênero durante as relações que estabeleciam com seus pares ao brincar. Assim, para compreender como meninas e meninos vivem, pensam e representam o gênero em suas vivências lúdicas me reportei a conceitos da história, da sociologia, da antropologia e, especialmente, da psicologia sócio-histórica para definir criança, infância e brincar; e, para a compreensão do gênero como categoria analítica recorri às teorias feministas que se fundamentam na perspectiva pós-estruturalista. A transgressão de fronteiras disciplinares foi necessária para abranger a complexidade da articulação dos fenômenos estudados. Desta forma, refleti sobre o processo de constituição da subjetividade das crianças - especialmente quanto às identidades de gênero - em suas interações sociais em um contexto institucional, discutindo os limites e possibilidades da brincadeira, do lúdico, da fantasia, da imaginação, da diversidade e da cultura infantil. Escolhi como método de pesquisa qualitativa a abordagem etnográfica por me permitir considerar a experiência infantil a partir da própria perspectiva da criança, concebendo-a como ser social que produz e se apropria da cultura.
The presented research tried to investigate the conviviality between children, mediated by the recreational, from the infantile view. Beyond the adultcentric attitude, until here priorized; my target was to analyze the social construction of masculinity and femininity from the significance and directions attributed by them to the category of gender during the relations that were established with their partners while they were playing. Thus, to comprehend how boys and girls live, think and represent the gender in their recreational experiences I reported to history, sociology, anthropology and specially to socio-historical psychology concepts to define child, childhood and playing; and for the comprehension of gender as an analytical category I reported to feminist theories that are found into the post-structuralism perspective. The transgression of disciplinary frontiers was necessary to comprise the complexity of the articulation from the studied phenomena. So, I considered the constitution process of subjectivity of children - especially when talking about gender identities - in their social interactions in an institutional context, discussing the limits and possibilities of joke, recreational, fantasy, imagination, diversity and infantile culture. I've chosen the ethnographic broach as a method of qualitative research because it allows me to think the childish experience from the children's own point-of-view, conceiving them as social beings that produce the culture and adapts themselves to it.
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Gimenes, Rossano [UNESP]. "Preparação e caracterização de compósitos polímero/cerâmica com potencial de aplicações médicas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97750.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O projeto desenvolvido buscou o estudo sistemáticos de compósitos com potencial de aplicação médica. Pós cerâmicos de Titanato Zirconato de Chumbo dopado com 0,4 mol% de nióbio (PZTN) e Titanato de Bário (BT) foram preparados pelo método Pechini. Utilizou-se também pó de hidroxiapatita de origem comercial (OSTEOSYNTH) Os pós de PZT+0,4mol%Nb e BT foram compactados e sinterizados a 1100ºC/4h. Os compactos sinterizados foram moídos para garantir pós de alta cristalinidade. Foram obtidos filmes compósitos polímero/cerâmica com cerca de 40μm de espessura, pela homogeneização da solução de fluoreto de polivinilideno (PVDF)/dimetil formamida (DMA) com os pós cerâmicos. Os filmes foram depositados pelo espalhamento de solução sobre placa de vidro e também pela técnica spin coating. Também foram obtidos filmes de PVDF puro e do copolímero P(VDF-TrFE) 60/40 mol%. Os filmes foram cristalizados em temperaturas de 70 a 100ºC. As estruturas cristalinas dos filmes foram verificadas por IV e DRX. Resultados de DRX demostraram que filmes de PVDF obtidos por solução cristalizam preferencialmente na fase α. Os filmes de copolímero apresentaram somente uma fase polar. As microestruturas dos compósitos observada por MEV revelaram que o aumento da concentração de cerâmica favorece a formação de aglomerados. Os filmes foram submetidos a polarização pelo método de Rampas de tensão. A polarização ferroelétrica observada para os filmes de P(VDFTrFE)/ BT foi atribuída a otientação dos dipolos na fase ferroelétrica do polímero. Testes de citotoxidade revelaram que o P(VDF-TrFE)/BT 90/10% é um material atoxico. Experimentos in vivo indicaram que o compósito pode induzir o reparo do osso lesado.
The developed project seeks the systematic studies of composites with medical application. Niobiun dopped Lead Titanate Ziconate (PZTN) and Barium Titanate (BT) powders were prepared by Pechini method. Commercial hidroxiapatite powder was used in this project. The PZTN and BT powders were compacted and sintered at 1100 ºC for 4 hours. Sintered compacts were moiled to obtaining powders with high crystallinity. Composites films polymer/ceramic of 40 μm thick were obtained by mixture of poly(nivylidene fluoride)/dimethylacetamide (DMA) solution with ceramic powders. The films were manufactured by spreading of solution onto a glass sheet and also it was obtained by spin coating method. PVDF pure and P(VDF-TrFE) 60/40 %mol copolymer were obtained. The films were crystallized at temperatures ranges from 70ºC at 100ºC. Films structures were verified by IR and XRD analysis. XRD results demonstrated that PVDF films obtained by solution cast it crystallized in the phase α preferably. Only one polar phase was observed for copolymer films. The microstructure of the composites obtained by MEV revealed that an increase in the ceramic concentration favours the formation of agglomerates. The films were poled by ramp voltage method. Electrical polarization was observed to P(VDF-TrFE)/BT films and it was attributed to dipolar alignment in polymer ferroelectric phase. A Citotoxic testis shows that P(VDF-TrFE)/BT 90/10 mol% is an atoxic material. In vivo composite implanted shows that this material can induce bone repair.
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Hatanaka, Rafael Rodrigues [UNESP]. "Desenvolvimento de método analítico para determinação do teor de etanol em óleo lubrificante usado proveniente de motores ciclo Otto." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97850.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Os óleos lubrificantes exercem papel fundamental no funcionamento dos motores automotivos, pois, além de reduzir o atrito entre as peças, ainda as protegem contra a corrosão. Entretanto, o desempenho do óleo lubrificante pode ser afetado por contaminantes. Embora existam várias normas e trabalhos relacionados a métodos para quantificação de contaminantes em óleo lubrificante, como por exemplo gasolina e óleo diesel, até o alcance de nossos conhecimentos, não há método descrito para quantificação de etanol em óleo lubrificante usado de motores ciclo Otto. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento e a validação de um método aplicável em rotina para quantificação de etanol em tal óleo lubrificante usado. Para tanto, foram avaliadas as técnicas combinadas: Headspace - Gas Chromatography - Flame Ionization Detector (HS-GC-FID) e Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy - Total Attenuated Reflectance - Partial Least Squares (FTIR-ATR-PLS), com e sem tratamento prévio das amostras, sendo que os melhores resultados foram obtidos pela técnica FTIR-ATR-PLS, com pré-tratamento por Extração Líquido/líquido (ELL), otimizada por planejamento fatorial. Na sequencia, foram avaliados dois cristais com diferentes ângulos de incidência para obtenção dos espectros por ATR, sendo que o cristal de ZnSe com θ = 45 º mostrou-se mais o mais adequado. Então, a partir dessas melhores condições experimentais, o método foi validado através das figuras de mérito, as quais apresentaram os seguintes resultados: LD (0,049 %), LQ (0,16 %), exatidão (RMSEP = 0,089 % (m/m) de etanol), repetibilidade (0,05 % (m/m) etanol), ajuste (R2 = 0,9997), seletividade média (0,047), sensibilidade (0,011), inverso da sensibilidade analítica (0,016 % (m/m)-1 de etanol), razão sinal ruído (máximo: 812,4 e mínimo: 200,9) e BIAS. Os resultados obtidos mostram...
The lubricating oils have a crucial role in the operation of automotive engines, not only reduce friction between moving parts, but also protect against corrosion. However, the performance of lubricating oil may be affected by contaminants. Although there are many standards methods and studies related to methods for quantification of contaminants in lubricating oil such as gasoline and diesel oil, to the best our knowledge, there are no described methods for quantification of ethanol in Otto cycle engine used lubricating oil. In that sense, this work aimed the development and validation of an applicable in routine and method to quantify ethanol content in this used lubricating oil. For that were evaluated the combined techniques: Headspace/Gas Chromatography/Flame Ionization Detector (HS-GC-FID) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy/Attenuated Total Reflectance/Partial Least Squares (PLS-ATR-FTIR) with and without pretreatment of the samples, and the best results were obtained to the FTIR-ATR-PLS with treatment by ELL (which was optimized by factorial design). Then, two crystals of ATR with differents incident angles were studied to obtain the spectra and the ZnSe crystal with θ = 45 ° was more appropriate for analysis. Then, from the best obtained conditions, the method was validated through the figures of merit, which presented the following results: LD (0.049 %), LQ (0.16 %), accuracy (RMSEP = 0.089 % (w/w) ethanol), repeatability (0,05 % (w/w) ethanol), fit (R2 = 0.9997), mean selectivity (0.047), sensitivity (0.011), inverse analytical sensitivity (0.016% (m / m)-1 of ethanol), signal-to-noise ratio (max: 812.4 and min: 200.9) and BIAS. The results show that the method developed and validated can be implemented, in routine, for quality control laboratories of lubricating oils
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Silva, Flávia Cagnin da [UNESP]. "Complexos de zinco(II), de európio(III) e heterobimetálico com os ácidos tiofeno 2 e 3-carboxílico. Síntese, caracterização e propriedades luminescentes." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97950.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Neste trabalho foram obtidas, caracterizadas e investigadas as propriedades espectroscópicas dos complexos de Eu3+, Zn2+ e heteroheterobimetálicos de Eu3+ e Zn2+ com os ligantes ácido tiofeno-2-carboxílico e seu isômero 3-carboxílico. A presença do anel tiofênico nos ligantes confere características interessantes, como por exemplo, maior polarizabilidade por conter em sua estrutura um átomo de enxofre. Os compostos contendo o íon Eu3+ têm sido extensivamente estudados por apresentarem luminescência monocromática de alta intensidade. O íon zinco divalente pode ser interessante do ponto de vista óptico por ter configuração 3d10 e portanto transparente na região do visível. Também os processos de desativação não radiativos do íon Eu3+ podem ser minimizados utilizando-se o íon zinco divalente para distanciar os centros luminescentes. Os complexos foram obtidos por métodos clássicos, através da adição das soluções dos sais dos metais previamente preparadas sobre a soluções dos ligantes, em pH ajustado para garantir a desprotonação do grupo caarboxílico, resultando em uma reação de complexação efetiva. Os compostos obtidos form caracterizados por análise elementar, análise térmica (TG/DTA), microscopia eletrônica de varredura, análise cristalográfica, espectroscopias vibracional na região do infravermelho, ressonância magnética nuclear e f0otoluminescência. De acordo com os resultados obtidos foi possível concluir que a coordenação do ligante ao metal se dá pelo grupo carboxílico, ora na forma bidentada quelata, ora bidentado em ponte ou monodentado. Os complexos monometálicos com o ácido tiofeno-2-carboxílico cristalizam no sistema monocíclico, grupo espacial P21/c no caso do zinco e Cc no caso de európio, ambos poliméricos. No caso do heterobimetálico no sistema triclínico, grupo espacial P1. A luminescência dos complexos...
Eu3+, Zn2+ and bimetallic Zn2+/Eu3+ complexes with the ligands thiophene-2-carboxylic acid and its isomer 3-carboxylic acid were obtained, characterizes and investigated by luminescence spectroscopy. The presence of the thiophene ring in the ligands provides interesting features, such as greater polarizability due to the sulfur atom in its structure. Compounds containing the trivalent europium ion have been extensively studied due to their high intensity red luminescence. Furthermore the divalent zinc ion can be interesting from the standpoint of 3d10 configuration and therefore its optical transparence in the visible region. Moreover, in bimetallic complexes the processes of non-radiative deactivation of the europium ion can be minimized using the divalent zinc ion to separate luminescent centers. The complexes were obtained by classical methods, through the addition of previously prepared solutions of metal salts on the ligands solutions in pH adjusted to enable the deprotonation of carboxylic group, resulting in an effective complexing reaction. The solids were characterized by elemental analysis, thermal analysis(TG/DTA), scanning electron microscopy, crystallographic analysis, and infrared vibracional, nuclear magnetic resonance and photoluminescence spectroscopies. According to the results, the ligand coordination to the metal is through the carboxylate group, wich takes place in the form: bidentate chelates, bidentate bridging or monodentate leading to polymeric compounds in some cases. The thiophene-2-carboxylic acid monometallic compounds crystallize in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c for the zinc, and Cc for the europium, both polymeric, however zinc-europium bimetallic compound crystallizes in triclinic system, space group P1. From the europium-containing complexes luminescence spectra were observed high color purity and high intensity, excellent... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Glatter, Peter R. D. "Russian regional elites : continuity and change." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/97350.

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Faco, Vanessa Marques Gibran. "Famílias de zona rural e urbana : características e concepções de adolescentes /." Bauru : [s.l.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97450.

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Orientador: Lígia Ebner Melchiori
Banca: Maria Auxiliadora Dessen
Banca: Olga Maria Piazentim Rolim Rodrigues
Resumo: No Brasil, estudar família é um desafio devido à grande diversidade cultural existente e a variedade de arranjos familiares. Dentro dessa perspectiva, pode-se falar em "famílias brasileiras" formadas por padrões econômicos, sociais e culturais diversos. Partindo do pressuposto de que o conceito de família deve considerar a subjetividade dos indivíduos, esse estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar e conceituar famílias de zona rural e urbana de uma cidade do interior de São Paulo, segundo a perspectiva de adolescentes. Os participantes foram 48 adolescentes de 13 a 18 anos, sendo 16 da zona rural e 32 da urbana. Para atingir o objetivo proposto buscou-se uma abordagem metodológica capaz de permitir uma ampla coleta de informações, sendo utilizados dois instrumentos, um Questionário de Caracterização do Sistema Familiar e um Roteiro de Entrevista de Conceituação Familiar. Os resultados indicam que, nessa amostra, o percentual de famílias nucleares ainda é alto. O nível de escolaridade dos pais e a renda familiar são maiores na cidade do que no campo. A ocupação dos pais na área rural é mais ligada ao setor agropecuário e na urbana predomina os setores administrativos e gerenciais. Aproximadamente metade das mães rurais não exerce atividade remunerada e na cidade esse índice é de 9%. Nas duas localidades, a maioria tem casa própria (cerca de 77%). Com relação à rede social de apoio, a pessoa da família mais procurada pelos adolescentes é a mãe, seguida do pai que está assumindo várias funções, além do suporte financeiro tradicionalmente esperado; fora da família, os amigos são os mais procurados e, algumas vezes, fornecem mais apoio que os próprios membros familiares. A principal representação de família, para os adolescentes das duas localidades, é a de suporte emocional/afetivo. Quando abordam a concepção da própria família... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In Brazil, due to the big cultural diversity and the variety of family arrangements, studying family is a challenge. In this perspective, it is possible to talk about "Brazilian families" composed according to different economic, social and cultural standards. Presuming that the concept of family should consider individual subjectivity, this paper sought to characterize and conceptualize families from rural and urban areas of a city in São Paulo state, according to the perspective of teenagers. The participants were 48 teenagers between 13 and 18 years old, 16 from the rural area and 32 from the urban area. To reach this goal, we sought a methodological approach which could permit a broad information collection utilizing two tools, a questionnaire for familial system. Characterization and instructions for family conceptualization interview. The results indicate that the percentage of nuclear families in still high in that pattern. The parents' education level and the family's income are higher in the urban area than in the country side. The parents' jobs are more linked to agro business in the rural area and to the management and administration sectors in the urban area. About half the rural mothers do not have a paid job, while in the city they are 9%. In both places, the majority owns their houses (around 77). When it comes to social support net, mothers are the most wanted by teenagers, followed by fathers, who are taking several functins, besides the tradicional and expected financial support; apart from the family, friends are the most wanted and sometimes give even more support than family members. For the adolescents from both places, the main representation of family is that of emotional/affective support. When approaching the concept of their own families, this category continues to predominate, with inferior percentages... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
21

Brikner, Natalya Anna. "On the identification and mitigation of life-limiting mechanisms of ionic liquid ion sources envisaged for propulsion of microspacecraft." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/97350.

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Abstract:
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 185-193).
Life-limiting processes affecting ionic liquid ion sources (ILIS) are investigated in this research, motivated by the development of ILIS for propulsion of microspacecraft and other industrial applications. Micropropulsion in particular has received considerable interest in recent years due to the increasing utility of and demand for small satellites and the services they provide. A passively-fed, porous ILIS system which includes the ion thruster head, propellant supply system, and power electronics has been proposed by researchers in the Space Propulsion Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to address the gap in micropropulsion and provides the primary impetus for the work presented in this thesis. Spacecraft mission durations can reach up to 15 years with ongoing propulsion requirements and in ground-based applications, minimal servicing to replace the ion source is desirable. Thus, any embodiment of ILIS would benefit from operational lifetimes in excess of 1000 h. To date, successful long-duration operation of porous ILIS beyond tens of hours has not been achieved, precluded primarily by two critical challenges: electrochemistry and electrical discharges. Electrochemistry-chemical reactions between the source emitter and the ionic liquid-has been shown to be capable of fully deteriorating the source in fewer than 100 h. Electrical discharges, on the other hand, can cause source failure within a matter of seconds and are also challenging to predict and avoid. ILIS as a subcomponent of a larger spacecraft system exposed to the environment of space must also overcome challenges such as radiation and threats of micrometeorite impact. This research aims to investigate, quantify, and mitigate the primary life-limiting mechanisms of ILIS to support their successful long-life operation. A description of the onset of electrochemistry is applied to ILIS, and it is shown that existing methods for preventing electrochemistry would present a challenge to the drive electronics, requiring alternation of the polarity applied to the devices at kilohertz frequency. The relevance of an alternative contact method is revealedthe distal contact, which is shown to be effective at avoiding electrochemistry at the critical emission site. By contrast, a metal emitter with the traditional, direct electrical contact was electrochemically etched as it operated for a similar time and conditions, showing severe degradation. The distal technique has been implemented in the current version of the MIT propulsion system and more in-depth studies are ongoing to aid in distal electrode material selection and design. The source of another severe life-limiting mechanism was unknown prior to this work, but was known to be capable of causing device failure within seconds through electrical shorting, material ablation, polycondensation of the ionic liquid, and so on. Experiments performed as part of this effort revealed that electrical discharges were transpiring under certain conditions and inducing these source failures. An analytical framework for predicting the steady-state discharge is outlined for ILIS, though the process is likely complicated by the electrohydrodynamic interactions during porous ILIS operations. Given this difficulty, an experimental study was undertaken to preliminarily explore the operational and design conditions that support discharges so that they may be avoided in practical implementations and to guide future modeling efforts. Gas contamination and flooding of the substrate or unrestricted flow from the porous substrate are identified as the likely factors leading to this failure mechanism. Qualitative descriptions of those processes are provided along with suggestions for techniques for preventing them. The work concludes with a summary of other life-limiting mechanisms such as grid erosion and micrometeorite impact. Suggestions for future work related to electrochemistry include optimizing the distal electrode material properties, and understanding gas evolution there. For electrical discharges, an experimental study that resolves the challenges of the setup presented could provide more detail to the actual processes by helping to identify the ionized species. It is the hope of the author that the work discussed here and the work to come on mitigating these processes will contribute to the successful embodiment of ILIS as an appealing option for micropropulsion and for ground-based applications.
by Natalya Anna Brikner.
Ph. D.
22

Gomez, Teresa M. "Construction and control of motion compensation system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/97850.

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Abstract:
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, February 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. "February 2015." Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 53-56).
The rise of technology has put applications such as video filming into the hands of the everyday consumer. With this has come a proliferation of casual camera hardware and self-filmed video. This project concerns the construction of a motion compensation device to augment the video capabilities of casual hardware. It combines facial recognition and tracking, control algorithms, and linear actuation to enable a screen or other object to adapt real-time to the user's head motion. Unlike other solutions, this system focuses on small, automatic movements based on facial recognition that do not require particularly expensive or specialized equipment to achieve. A webcam is mounted on a moving frame and connected to a primary computer. This device compensates for user motion through physical actuation of this camera, triggered by live analysis of the video feed. The device achieved performance suitable for most envisioned applications. The observed resolution was sufficient to detect and respond to the expected range of movement. Speed and range of motion were adequate for mild motions, though accurate face tracking was maintained only a few minutes. Without large and vigorous movements, uninterrupted operation could be sustained for that length of time.
by Teresa Gomez.
S.M.
23

Mohasi, Lehlohonolo. "Prosody modelling for a Sesotho text-to-speech system using the Fujisaki model." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97050.

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Magagula, Sifiso Innocent. "The effect of organic peroxides on the molecular composition of heterophasic ethylene-propylene impact copolymers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97850.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Heterophasic ethylene-propylene copolymers, also known as impact polypropylene (PP) copolymers (IPCs) or heterophasic copolymers (HECOs), are a unique group of polyolefins produced through the copolymerisation of ethylene and propylene, with the aim of improving the impact properties of the PP homopolymer at low temperatures. Therefore, this polymer comprises of a PP homopolymer matrix with a dispersed rubbery copolymer phase. Due to their unique properties, HECO polymers have become commercially important materials, with a wide range of applications. Therefore a fundamental understanding of the processes and chemistry that affects their final macroscopic properties needs to be expanded. The main focus of this investigation was to understand why specific organic peroxides influence or interact differently with the various phases of HECO polymers, in order to utilize their properties to obtain HECO polymers with optimal and desired properties. Two HECO polymers with different ethylene contents were fractionated into three fractions (30, 100 and 130 °C), using preparative temperature rising elution fractionation (P-TREF). Each individual TREF fraction was degraded with two different types of organic peroxides, and then characterised using four different analytical tools. The changes in the molecular structures of the different fractions were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The changes in comonomer sequence distributions were investigated by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C-NMR). Moreover, the degradation of the different fractions was investigated by high temperature size exclusion chromatography (HT-SEC). The investigation showed that the HECO polymers with different ethylene contents were uniquely altered. It was evident that the ethylene content influenced the degradation behaviour of the HECO polymers. The ability of the peroxide to affect certain regions of the HECO polymer more than others is highly dependent upon its miscibility with certain regions of the HECO polymers. The “visbreaking” efficiency of a specific organic peroxide appears to be primarily dependent on the number of “peroxy” groups it contains in its molecular structure. Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Heterofase etileen-propileen ko-polimere, ook bekend as impak PP ko-polimere (IPCS) of heterofase ko-polimere (HECO), is 'n unieke groep poliolefiene geproduseer deur die ko-polimerisasie van etileen en propileen, met die doel op die verbetering in die impak eienskappe van die PP homopolimeer by lae temperature. Hierdie polimeer bestaan dus uit 'n PP homopolimeer matriks met 'n verspreide rubberagtige ko-polimeer fase. As gevolg van hul unieke eienskappe, is HECO polimere van kommersiële belang, met 'n wye verskeidenheid van toepassings. 'n Fundamentele begrip van die prosesse en chemie wat die finale makroskopiese eienskappe beïnvloed moet dus uitgebrei word. Die hooffokus van hierdie ondersoek was om te verstaan waarom spesifieke organiese peroksiede verskillende invloede en interaksies met die verskillende fases van HECO polimere het, om sodoende van hul eienskappe gebruik te maak om HECO polimere te verkry met optimale en gewenste eienskappe. Twee HECO polimere met verskillende etileen inhoud was gefraksioneer in drie fraksies (30, 100 en 130 °C), met behulp van preparatiewe temperatuur styging eluering fraksionering (P-TREF). Elke individuele TREF fraksie was gedegradeer met twee verskillende tipes organiese peroksiede en daarna gekarakteriseer deur vier verskillende analitiese metodes. Die veranderinge in molekulêre strukture van die verskillende fraksies was geondersoek met behulp van Fourier transform infrarooi spektroskopie (FTIR) en differensiële skandering kalorimetrie (DSC). Die veranderinge in ko-monomeer volgorde distribusie was bestudeer deur middel van kern magnetiese resonans spektroskopie (KMR). Verder was die degradasie van die verskillende fraksies met behulp van hoë temperatuur grootte uitsluitingschromatografie (HT-SEC) bestudeer. Die ondersoek het getoon dat die HECO polimere met verskillende etileen inhoud uniek gedegradeer was. Dus is dit duidelik genoeg dat die etileen inhoud die degradasie gedrag van die HECO polimere beïnvloed het. Die vermoë van die peroksied om sekere areas van die HECO polimeer meer as ander te beïnvloed is hoogs afhanklik van die mengbaarheid met sekere areas van die HECO polimere. Die "visbreking" doeltreffendheid van 'n spesifieke organiese peroksiede is meestal afhanklik van die aantal "peroksie" groepe in die molekulêre struktuur.
25

Beukes, Johannes Daniel. "Language shift within two generations : Afrikaans mother tongue parents raising English mother tongue children." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97150.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The community of Paarl, in the Western Cape, is traditionally Afrikaans-speaking. This research investigated whether a language shift has occurred in some middle-class communities in Paarl. Certain Coloured neighbourhoods were identified. The emphasis was also on whether Afrikaans-speaking parents chose to raise their children in English. It was found that a language shift, predominantly towards English, has indeed occurred where Afrikaans first language (L1) parents were raising their children in English. This finding differs from earlier studies by Anthonissen and George (2003) and by Fortuin (2009), in which only two or three families were studied, whereas this study engaged with 50 households. This study focused mainly on the parents and their views about their decisions. Not only was the occurrence of a language shift confirmed, but the complexity of the matter was also highlighted. An attempt to preserve Afrikaans as heritage language was also noted.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die gemeenskap van Paarl, in die Wes-Kaap, is tradisioneel Afrikaanssprekend. Hierdie navorsing ondersoek of daar ’n taalverskuiwing in die middelklasgemeenskap in Paarl plaasgevind het. Die klem is ook laat val op die vraag of dit Afrikaanssprekende ouers is wat kies om hulle kinders in Engels groot te maak. Die bevinding was dat ’n taalverskuiwing wel plaasgevind het waar ouers met Afrikaans as moedertaal verkies om hulle kinders in Engels groot te maak. Die verskuiwing is derhalwe hoofsaaklik na Engels. Hierdie bevindings verskil van vroeëre studies deur Anthonissen en George (2003), asook Fortuin (2009), wat twee of drie spesifieke families ondersoek het; daarteenoor het hierdie studie 50 huisgesinne betrek. Die studie fokus hoofsaaklik op die ouers en hulle siening oor die rede vir hulle besluit. Die studie het nie net bevestig dat ’n taalverskuiwing plaasgevind het nie, die kompleksiteit van die kwessie is ook uitgelig. Daar is ook waargeneem dat ’n poging aangewend word om Afrikaans as moedertaal te behou.
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Moore, Johannes. "Impact of the traditional tender procurement system on the public sector projects within the South African construction industry." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97350.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Expenditure on South African public sector projects is vital to infrastructure development and creating employment opportunities in the country. The submission of tenders by contractors is the traditional procurement method utilised in awarding contracts. The traditional tender procurement method is not only costly, but the lowest-bid method does not ensure that the eventual project at completion is the most cost effective. Although regulatory frameworks are in place to ensure that public sector projects are awarded to suitable contractors, there are numerous examples of public sector projects that have been awarded to incompetent contractors. The traditional tender procurement method is non-collaborative in its composition, as the contractors executing the work are not part of the design team. Furthermore, industry stakeholders’ perceptions influence procurement method preferences. This research project investigates whether the tender procurement method is best suited to meet the South African public sector’s requirements and achieve infrastructural development so desperately required, or whether it needs to be replaced in its entirety or adapted.
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Gomes, Renata Fernanda Fernandes. "Infância e diversidade : um estudo sobre significações de gênero no brincar /." Assis : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97650.

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Orientador: Beatriz Belluzzo Brando Cunha
Banca: Maria de Fátima Araújo
Banca: Marilene Proença Rebello de Souza
Resumo: A presente pesquisa buscou investigar o convívio das crianças, mediado pela atividade lúdica, segundo a ótica infantil. Para além da postura adultocêntrica, até aqui priorizada; meu objetivo consistiu em analisar a construção social da masculinidade e da feminilidade a partir das significações e sentidos atribuídos por elas à categoria de gênero durante as relações que estabeleciam com seus pares ao brincar. Assim, para compreender como meninas e meninos vivem, pensam e representam o gênero em suas vivências lúdicas me reportei a conceitos da história, da sociologia, da antropologia e, especialmente, da psicologia sócio-histórica para definir criança, infância e brincar; e, para a compreensão do gênero como categoria analítica recorri às teorias feministas que se fundamentam na perspectiva pós-estruturalista. A transgressão de fronteiras disciplinares foi necessária para abranger a complexidade da articulação dos fenômenos estudados. Desta forma, refleti sobre o processo de constituição da subjetividade das crianças - especialmente quanto às identidades de gênero - em suas interações sociais em um contexto institucional, discutindo os limites e possibilidades da brincadeira, do lúdico, da fantasia, da imaginação, da diversidade e da cultura infantil. Escolhi como método de pesquisa qualitativa a abordagem etnográfica por me permitir considerar a experiência infantil a partir da própria perspectiva da criança, concebendo-a como ser social que produz e se apropria da cultura.
Abstract: The presented research tried to investigate the conviviality between children, mediated by the recreational, from the infantile view. Beyond the adultcentric attitude, until here priorized; my target was to analyze the social construction of masculinity and femininity from the significance and directions attributed by them to the category of gender during the relations that were established with their partners while they were playing. Thus, to comprehend how boys and girls live, think and represent the gender in their recreational experiences I reported to history, sociology, anthropology and specially to socio-historical psychology concepts to define child, childhood and playing; and for the comprehension of gender as an analytical category I reported to feminist theories that are found into the post-structuralism perspective. The transgression of disciplinary frontiers was necessary to comprise the complexity of the articulation from the studied phenomena. So, I considered the constitution process of subjectivity of children - especially when talking about gender identities - in their social interactions in an institutional context, discussing the limits and possibilities of joke, recreational, fantasy, imagination, diversity and infantile culture. I've chosen the ethnographic broach as a method of qualitative research because it allows me to think the childish experience from the children's own point-of-view, conceiving them as social beings that produce the culture and adapts themselves to it.
Mestre
28

Gimenes, Rossano. "Preparação e caracterização de compósitos polímero/cerâmica com potencial de aplicações médicas /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97750.

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Resumo: O projeto desenvolvido buscou o estudo sistemáticos de compósitos com potencial de aplicação médica. Pós cerâmicos de Titanato Zirconato de Chumbo dopado com 0,4 mol% de nióbio (PZTN) e Titanato de Bário (BT) foram preparados pelo método Pechini. Utilizou-se também pó de hidroxiapatita de origem comercial (OSTEOSYNTH) Os pós de PZT+0,4mol%Nb e BT foram compactados e sinterizados a 1100ºC/4h. Os compactos sinterizados foram moídos para garantir pós de alta cristalinidade. Foram obtidos filmes compósitos polímero/cerâmica com cerca de 40μm de espessura, pela homogeneização da solução de fluoreto de polivinilideno (PVDF)/dimetil formamida (DMA) com os pós cerâmicos. Os filmes foram depositados pelo espalhamento de solução sobre placa de vidro e também pela técnica spin coating. Também foram obtidos filmes de PVDF puro e do copolímero P(VDF-TrFE) 60/40 mol%. Os filmes foram cristalizados em temperaturas de 70 a 100ºC. As estruturas cristalinas dos filmes foram verificadas por IV e DRX. Resultados de DRX demostraram que filmes de PVDF obtidos por solução cristalizam preferencialmente na fase α. Os filmes de copolímero apresentaram somente uma fase polar. As microestruturas dos compósitos observada por MEV revelaram que o aumento da concentração de cerâmica favorece a formação de aglomerados. Os filmes foram submetidos a polarização pelo método de Rampas de tensão. A polarização ferroelétrica observada para os filmes de P(VDFTrFE)/ BT foi atribuída a otientação dos dipolos na fase ferroelétrica do polímero. Testes de citotoxidade revelaram que o P(VDF-TrFE)/BT 90/10% é um material atoxico. Experimentos in vivo indicaram que o compósito pode induzir o reparo do osso lesado.
Abstract: The developed project seeks the systematic studies of composites with medical application. Niobiun dopped Lead Titanate Ziconate (PZTN) and Barium Titanate (BT) powders were prepared by Pechini method. Commercial hidroxiapatite powder was used in this project. The PZTN and BT powders were compacted and sintered at 1100 ºC for 4 hours. Sintered compacts were moiled to obtaining powders with high crystallinity. Composites films polymer/ceramic of 40 μm thick were obtained by mixture of poly(nivylidene fluoride)/dimethylacetamide (DMA) solution with ceramic powders. The films were manufactured by spreading of solution onto a glass sheet and also it was obtained by spin coating method. PVDF pure and P(VDF-TrFE) 60/40 %mol copolymer were obtained. The films were crystallized at temperatures ranges from 70ºC at 100ºC. Films structures were verified by IR and XRD analysis. XRD results demonstrated that PVDF films obtained by solution cast it crystallized in the phase α preferably. Only one polar phase was observed for copolymer films. The microstructure of the composites obtained by MEV revealed that an increase in the ceramic concentration favours the formation of agglomerates. The films were poled by ramp voltage method. Electrical polarization was observed to P(VDF-TrFE)/BT films and it was attributed to dipolar alignment in polymer ferroelectric phase. A Citotoxic testis shows that P(VDF-TrFE)/BT 90/10 mol% is an atoxic material. In vivo composite implanted shows that this material can induce bone repair.
Orientador: Maria Aparecida Zaghete Bertochi
Coorientador: Neri Alves
Banca: Mário Cilense
Banca: Orivaldo Lopes da Silva
Mestre
29

Castilho, Anderson Almeida. "Efeito de dois sistemas de soldagem na alteração dimensional nas ligas de cobalto-cromo verificado por meio de análise por extensometria linear elétrica e resistência à flexão /." São José dos Campos : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97350.

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Orientador: Fernando Eidi Takahashi
Banca: Estevão Tomomitsu Kimpara
Banca: Alfredo Mikail Melo Mesquita
Resumo: O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar a alteração dimensional provocada pelos procedimentos de soldagem nas infra-estruturas de próteses fixas impanto-suportadas por meio de análise de extensometria linear elétrica assim como se determinar a resistência flexão de dois tipos de juntas soldadas (Arco-Plasma e Laser) em liga Odontológica Co-Cr. Para tanto, estruturas metálicas foram fundidas pelo método de indução para pilares tipo micro-unit. Para esse estudo, foram investigados três grupos: Grupo controle (G I: fundição em Monobloco, n=10), Grupo Arco-Plasma (G II: fundição segmentada e soldagem da estrutura em Arco-Plasma, n=10) e Grupo Laser (G III: fundição segmentada e soldagem da estrutura em LASER, n=10) as quais após assentamento em modelo de análise extensométrica, foram coletadas três leituras de microdeformação (με) para cada amostra. Os grupos, após ensaio de extensometria linear elétrica, foram submetidos ao teste de resistência à flexão (MPa) em máquina de ensaios universal (EMIC, 0,5 mm/min, 500Kg). As médias ±DP dos valores de microdeformação observados para as condições foram para o grupo Monobloco:461,9με; para o grupo Arco-Plasma: 637,0με e para o grupo Laser : 526,8με. Os resultados obtidos após o teste de resistência à flexão foram: para o grupo Monobloco: 1857,2MPa; para o grupo Arco-Plasma: 1820MPa e para o grupo Laser : 1068Mpa. Uma comparação em análise extensométrica entre os três grupos, quanto à distribuição dos valores de alteração dimensional, foi efetuada por meio do teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Verificou-se que a distribuição dos valores de alteração dimensional não difere Estatisticamente (estatística kw = 1,77; gl = 2; p = 0,414 > 0,05). Uma comparação entre os três grupos, quanto à distribuição dos valores... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the dimensional changes caused by the welding procedures in implant-supported prostheses infrastructure by strain gauge analysis as well as to determine the flexural strength values of two types of welded joints (Arc-Plasm and Laser) in Co-Cr dental alloy. Thus, metal structures were casted by induction method for micro-unit type abutment. For this study, three groups were evaluated: Control Group (G I: monoblock casting, n = 10), Arc-Plasm Group (G II: casting and welding of structures in Arc-Plasm, n = 10) and Laser Group (G III: casting and welding of structures in Laser, n = 10), in which were, after placing the samples in the strain gauge analysis model, three micro strain (με) measurements for each specimen were collected. The groups, after strain gauge analysis, were submitted to flexural strength (MPa) test in an universal testing machine (EMIC, 0.5 mm / min, 500Kg). Mean ± SD values of microstrain conditions observed for the Monoblock group were: 461.9 mε; for the Arc-Plasm group: 637.0 mε and the Laser group: 526.8 mε. The results, after flexural strength test, were: Monoblock group: 1857.2 MPa; Arc-Plasm group: 1820 MPa and Laser group: 1068 MPa. The strain gauge comparison analysis between the three groups, as well the distribution of dimensional changes values were made by Kruskal- Wallis test. It was found that the values' distribution of dimensional changes do not differ statistically (KW statistic = 1.77, df = 2, p = 0.414> 0.05). A comparison between the three groups, in relation to the 108 distribution of the values of flexural strength, was performed by Kruskal- Wallis test. It was found that the values distribution of flexural strength differ statistically... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
30

Silva, Flávia Cagnin da. "Complexos de zinco(II), de európio(III) e heterobimetálico com os ácidos tiofeno 2 e 3-carboxílico. Síntese, caracterização e propriedades luminescentes /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97950.

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Abstract:
Orientador: Marian Rosaly Davolos
Banca: Alexandre Cuin
Banca: Sueli Maria Drechsel
Resumo: Neste trabalho foram obtidas, caracterizadas e investigadas as propriedades espectroscópicas dos complexos de Eu3+, Zn2+ e heteroheterobimetálicos de Eu3+ e Zn2+ com os ligantes ácido tiofeno-2-carboxílico e seu isômero 3-carboxílico. A presença do anel tiofênico nos ligantes confere características interessantes, como por exemplo, maior polarizabilidade por conter em sua estrutura um átomo de enxofre. Os compostos contendo o íon Eu3+ têm sido extensivamente estudados por apresentarem luminescência monocromática de alta intensidade. O íon zinco divalente pode ser interessante do ponto de vista óptico por ter configuração 3d10 e portanto transparente na região do visível. Também os processos de desativação não radiativos do íon Eu3+ podem ser minimizados utilizando-se o íon zinco divalente para distanciar os centros luminescentes. Os complexos foram obtidos por métodos clássicos, através da adição das soluções dos sais dos metais previamente preparadas sobre a soluções dos ligantes, em pH ajustado para garantir a desprotonação do grupo caarboxílico, resultando em uma reação de complexação efetiva. Os compostos obtidos form caracterizados por análise elementar, análise térmica (TG/DTA), microscopia eletrônica de varredura, análise cristalográfica, espectroscopias vibracional na região do infravermelho, ressonância magnética nuclear e f0otoluminescência. De acordo com os resultados obtidos foi possível concluir que a coordenação do ligante ao metal se dá pelo grupo carboxílico, ora na forma bidentada quelata, ora bidentado em ponte ou monodentado. Os complexos monometálicos com o ácido tiofeno-2-carboxílico cristalizam no sistema monocíclico, grupo espacial P21/c no caso do zinco e Cc no caso de európio, ambos poliméricos. No caso do heterobimetálico no sistema triclínico, grupo espacial P1. A luminescência dos complexos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Eu3+, Zn2+ and bimetallic Zn2+/Eu3+ complexes with the ligands thiophene-2-carboxylic acid and its isomer 3-carboxylic acid were obtained, characterizes and investigated by luminescence spectroscopy. The presence of the thiophene ring in the ligands provides interesting features, such as greater polarizability due to the sulfur atom in its structure. Compounds containing the trivalent europium ion have been extensively studied due to their high intensity red luminescence. Furthermore the divalent zinc ion can be interesting from the standpoint of 3d10 configuration and therefore its optical transparence in the visible region. Moreover, in bimetallic complexes the processes of non-radiative deactivation of the europium ion can be minimized using the divalent zinc ion to separate luminescent centers. The complexes were obtained by classical methods, through the addition of previously prepared solutions of metal salts on the ligands solutions in pH adjusted to enable the deprotonation of carboxylic group, resulting in an effective complexing reaction. The solids were characterized by elemental analysis, thermal analysis(TG/DTA), scanning electron microscopy, crystallographic analysis, and infrared vibracional, nuclear magnetic resonance and photoluminescence spectroscopies. According to the results, the ligand coordination to the metal is through the carboxylate group, wich takes place in the form: bidentate chelates, bidentate bridging or monodentate leading to polymeric compounds in some cases. The thiophene-2-carboxylic acid monometallic compounds crystallize in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c for the zinc, and Cc for the europium, both polymeric, however zinc-europium bimetallic compound crystallizes in triclinic system, space group P1. From the europium-containing complexes luminescence spectra were observed high color purity and high intensity, excellent... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
31

Westerich, Juliana Nogueira 1983. "Estudos histopatológicos e ciclos biológicos de Meloidogyne mayaguensis e M. javanica em tomateiros com gene Mi /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97150.

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Resumo: A espécie Meloidogyne mayaguensis vem causando grande preocupação por ser capaz de vencer a resistência de tomateiros portadores do gene Mi. O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar o ciclo biológico e a histopatologia de M. mayaguensis em tomateiros resistentes a meloidoginose e compará-los com os aspectos biológicos e histopatológicos de Meloidogyne javanica nas mesmas plantas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, sendo para o estudo do ciclo biológico composto de vinte tratamentos (dois porta-enxertos de tomateiro, 'Magnet' e 'Helper M'; duas espécies de nematoides das galhas, M. mayaguensis e M. javanica; e cinco épocas de coleta, 3 DAI, 10 DAI, 17 DAI, 24 DAI e 31 DAI), com cinco repetições. Para o estudo da histopatologia, composto por 12 tratamentos (dois porta-enxertos de tomateiro, 'Magnet' e 'Helper M'; duas espécies de nematoides das galhas, M. mayaguensis e M. javanica; e três épocas de coleta, 10 DAI, 17 DAI e 24 DAI), com três repetições. As plantas foram inoculadas com 500 juvenis infectivos (J2) de M. mayaguensis ou M. javanica. As avaliações foram realizadas em cinco épocas de coleta. Em cada coleta, cinco plantas foram retiradas ao acaso e suas raízes separadas em duas porções. Uma das partes foi submetida à coloração com Fucsina Ácida e dissecada sob microscópio estereoscópico para a contagem dos diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento dos nematoides. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Na outra porção do sistema radicular, foram feitos cortes histológicos transversais com 8 μm de espessura, corados com Floxina B seguido de Azul de Toluidina 0,05%, para determinação dos números e áreas das células gigantes e dos sítios de alimentação presentes no cilindro vascular da raiz. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The species Meloidogyne mayaguensis is causing great concern for being able to overcome the resistance of tomatoes carrying the Mi gene. The objective of this work was to study the life cycle and the histopathological changes of M. mayaguensis in nematode-resistant tomatoes and compare them with biological and histopathological aspects of Meloidogyne javanica in the same plants. The experimental design was completely randomized, and to study the life cycle composed of twenty treatments (two varieties of tomato, 'Magnet' and 'Helper M', two species of nematodes, M. javanica and M. mayaguensis and five harvest dates, 3 DAI, 10 DAI 17 DAI 24 DAI and 31 DAI), with five replicates. To study the histopathology, composed of 12 treatments (two varieties of tomato, 'Magnet' and 'Helper M', two species of nematodes, M. javanica and M. mayaguensis and three harvest dates, 10 DAI, 17 DAI and 24 DAI), with three replications. The plants were inoculated with 500 infective juveniles (J2) of M. mayaguensis or M. javanica. The evaluations were conducted in five sampling times. At each harvest, five plants were taken at random and their roots separated into two parts. The first was stained with Acid Fuchsin and dissected under a stereomicroscope to count the different developmental stages of nematodes. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and means compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. In the another portion of the root system, 8 microns thick transversal sections were obtained, stained with Phloxine B followed by Toluidine Blue 0.05%, for determining the numbers and areas of giant cells and feeding sites in the vascular cylinder. The data were subjected to Multivariate Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis. The results showed that the species M. mayaguensis was able to develop normally in the root-stocks, completing its cycle 24 days after inoculation (DAI)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Silvia Renata Siciliano Wilcken
Coorientador: Roberto Antonio Rodella
Banca: Rosana Bessi
Banca: Francisco Andre Ossamu Tanaka
Mestre
32

Souza, Filho Ronaldo Caravieri de 1987. "Caracterização fisiológica e sensibilidade de isolados de Colletotrichum lindemuthianum de feijão-vagem a fungicidas /." Botucatu :, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97250.

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Orientador: Antonio Carlos Maringoni
Banca: Margarida Fumiko Ito
Banca: Renate Krause Sakate
Resumo: O feijão-vagem (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) pertence à mesma família e espécie botânica do feijão comum que é cultivado no Brasil. O feijão-vagem é cultivado em cerca de 100 países, envolvendo grande número de gêneros e espécies. A antracnose incitada pelo fungo Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magn.) é uma das doenças mais importantes dessa cultura, pois causa severos danos. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a sensibilidade in vitro e in vivo de 12 isolados de C. lindemuthianum de feijão-vagem, oriundos de diversas localidades situadas no Estado de São Paulo, a fungicidas, bem como determinar as raças fisiológicas desse fungo. A sensibilidade a fungicidas in vitro foi determinada através da aferição do crescimento micelial (12 isolados) e da germinação de conídios (4 isolados) em 5 concentrações (0, 1, 10, 100, 1000μg.mL-1) dos produtos oxicloreto de cobre + mancozeb, chlorotalonil, chlorotalonil + tiofanato metílico, tiofanato metílico, mancozeb, metiram + piraclostrobina, piraclostrobina, óxido cuproso e carbendazim foram adicionados em meio batata - dextrose - ágar (BDA) e determinadas as faixas de ED50. Para a avaliação in vivo, folhas primárias de feijão-vagem cultivar Itatiba II foram imersas nas soluções dos fungicidas oxicloreto de cobre + mancozeb (2g/L), chlorotalonil (2g/L), chlorothalonil + tiofanato metílico (3,5g/L), tiofanato metílico (2g/L), mancozeb (4g/L), metiram + piraclostrobina (3g/L), piraclostrobina (0,6ml/L), óxido cuproso (2g/L) e carbendazim (2ml/L), inoculadas separadamente com conídios dos quatro isolados de C. lindemuthianum, mantidas em placas de Petri, sob condições controladas e os... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) belongs to the same family and botanical species of common bean that is grown in Brazil. It is a crop planted in about 100 countries around the world, involving a large number of genera and species. The anthracnose incited by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magn.) is one of the most important diseases of this crop, it causes severe damage. This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity in vitro and in vivo to fungicides of 12 isolates of C. lindemuthianum from snap beans of various localities in the state of São Paulo, as well as determine the races of this fungus. The sensitivity to fungicides in vitro was determined by measuring the mycelial growth (12 isolates) and spore germination (4 isolates) in 5 concentrations (0, 1, 10, 100 and 1000μg.mL-1) of fungicides oxychloride copper + mancozeb, chlorothalonil, chlorothalonil + methyl thiophanate, methyl thiophanate, mancozeb, metiram + pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, oxide copper and carbendazim were added in potatodextrose- agar (PDA) and the ED50 interval were determineted. For in vivo evaluation, primary leaves of snap bean cultivar Itatiba II were immersed in solutions of the fungicides mancozeb + copper oxychloride (2g / L), chlorothalonil (2g / L), chlorothalonil + thiophanate methyl (3.5 g / L) , thiophanate-methyl (2g / L), mancozeb (4g / l), metiram + pyraclostrobin (3g / L), pyraclostrobin (0.6 mL / L), cuprous oxide (2 g / L) and carbendazim (2ml / l), conidia of the four isolates of C. lindemuthianum were inoculated separately and kept in petri dishes under controlled conditions. Symptoms of the disease were assessed with a diagrammatic severity. The results showed that the isolates of C. lindemuthianum from snap-beans presented low sensitivity to fungicides on mycelial growth of cooper oxide, mancozeb... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
33

Rozendo, Adriano da Silva. "Construção social do envelhecimento e experiências da velhice /." Assis : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97550.

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Orientador: José Sterza Justo
Banca: Meyre Eiras de Barros Pinto
Banca: Antônio Carlos Barbosa da Silva
Resumo: O aumento percentual da população idosa vem provocando um enorme impacto no espaço e no cenário da sociedade brasileira e tem sido relatado como o principal impulso para as mudanças no modo de se conceber e agir sobre a velhice. As idades avançadas da vida passaram a atrair a atenção de vários segmentos da sociedade, principalmente do Estado, do mercado e das ciências. Com isso, foram criados mecanismos específicos de gestão do envelhecimento, tais como o asilo de velhos, a aposentadoria, a geriatria, a gerontologia e um conjunto de leis específicas. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo percorrer as conexões que se estabelecem entre os saberes científicos, o aparato legal, as políticas públicas e contrastando-as com a experiência vivenciada no envelhecimento. A fim de compararmos as garantias legais com a realidade vivida pelos idosos, dedicamos parte do nosso trabalho à análise da situação do idoso em uma das cidades com maior proporção de idosos do estado de São Paulo. Como primeira observação empírica sobre o município analisado, cabe assinalar o fosso que separa o discurso oficial da realidade vivida. Os serviços disponíveis na cidade dirigidos aos idosos retratam bem que as garantias previstas na legislação nem sempre se efetivam na prática em forma de políticas públicas. A cidade mostra a força da gerontologia e dos projetos de atenção, executados por entidades públicas ou privadas, na condução da vida dos idosos arregimentados como uma população subdividida em segmentos ou grupos distintos. Clubes de idosos e projetos mais elitizados, como o da Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade, delimitam um segmento tido como o de uma... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The percentage increase of the old population is provoking an enormous impact in the space and in the scenery of the Brazilian society and has been reported as the principal impulse for the changes in the way of conceiving and to act about the old age. The advanced ages of the life started to attract the attention of several segments of the society, principally of the State, of the capitalism and of the sciences. There were created specific mechanisms of management of the aging, like the asylums of old, retirement, the geriatrics, the gerontology, and a set of specifics laws. The present research had objective go through the connections that are established between the scientific knowledge, the legal pomp, the public policies and to contrast it with the experience lived by the aging. In order to compare the legal guarantees with the reality lived by the old ones, we dedicate part of our work to the analysis of the situation of the senior citizen in one of the cities with bigger proportion of old population of the state of Sao Paulo. As the first empirical observation, about the city examined, it suits to mark the trench that separates the official speech of the reality experienced in life. The services available in this city, turned to the seniors citizens, show well that the guarantees predicted in the legislation not always bring effect in practice in form of public policies. The city shows the strength of the gerontology and of the projects of attention, executed by public or private entities, in the driving life of the old age, regimented like a population subdivided in segments or distinct groups. Clubs of seniors and others elitist projects, as the Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
34

Hatanaka, Rafael Rodrigues. "Desenvolvimento de método analítico para determinação do teor de etanol em óleo lubrificante usado proveniente de motores ciclo Otto /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97850.

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Orientador: José Eduardo de Oliveira
Banca: Flávio Santos de Gusmão Lima
Banca: Alessandra Borin
Resumo: Os óleos lubrificantes exercem papel fundamental no funcionamento dos motores automotivos, pois, além de reduzir o atrito entre as peças, ainda as protegem contra a corrosão. Entretanto, o desempenho do óleo lubrificante pode ser afetado por contaminantes. Embora existam várias normas e trabalhos relacionados a métodos para quantificação de contaminantes em óleo lubrificante, como por exemplo gasolina e óleo diesel, até o alcance de nossos conhecimentos, não há método descrito para quantificação de etanol em óleo lubrificante usado de motores ciclo Otto. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento e a validação de um método aplicável em rotina para quantificação de etanol em tal óleo lubrificante usado. Para tanto, foram avaliadas as técnicas combinadas: Headspace - Gas Chromatography - Flame Ionization Detector (HS-GC-FID) e Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy - Total Attenuated Reflectance - Partial Least Squares (FTIR-ATR-PLS), com e sem tratamento prévio das amostras, sendo que os melhores resultados foram obtidos pela técnica FTIR-ATR-PLS, com pré-tratamento por Extração Líquido/líquido (ELL), otimizada por planejamento fatorial. Na sequencia, foram avaliados dois cristais com diferentes ângulos de incidência para obtenção dos espectros por ATR, sendo que o cristal de ZnSe com θ = 45 º mostrou-se mais o mais adequado. Então, a partir dessas melhores condições experimentais, o método foi validado através das figuras de mérito, as quais apresentaram os seguintes resultados: LD (0,049 %), LQ (0,16 %), exatidão (RMSEP = 0,089 % (m/m) de etanol), repetibilidade (0,05 % (m/m) etanol), ajuste (R2 = 0,9997), seletividade média (0,047), sensibilidade (0,011), inverso da sensibilidade analítica (0,016 % (m/m)-1 de etanol), razão sinal ruído (máximo: 812,4 e mínimo: 200,9) e BIAS. Os resultados obtidos mostram... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The lubricating oils have a crucial role in the operation of automotive engines, not only reduce friction between moving parts, but also protect against corrosion. However, the performance of lubricating oil may be affected by contaminants. Although there are many standards methods and studies related to methods for quantification of contaminants in lubricating oil such as gasoline and diesel oil, to the best our knowledge, there are no described methods for quantification of ethanol in Otto cycle engine used lubricating oil. In that sense, this work aimed the development and validation of an applicable in routine and method to quantify ethanol content in this used lubricating oil. For that were evaluated the combined techniques: Headspace/Gas Chromatography/Flame Ionization Detector (HS-GC-FID) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy/Attenuated Total Reflectance/Partial Least Squares (PLS-ATR-FTIR) with and without pretreatment of the samples, and the best results were obtained to the FTIR-ATR-PLS with treatment by ELL (which was optimized by factorial design). Then, two crystals of ATR with differents incident angles were studied to obtain the spectra and the ZnSe crystal with θ = 45 ° was more appropriate for analysis. Then, from the best obtained conditions, the method was validated through the figures of merit, which presented the following results: LD (0.049 %), LQ (0.16 %), accuracy (RMSEP = 0.089 % (w/w) ethanol), repeatability (0,05 % (w/w) ethanol), fit (R2 = 0.9997), mean selectivity (0.047), sensitivity (0.011), inverse analytical sensitivity (0.016% (m / m)-1 of ethanol), signal-to-noise ratio (max: 812.4 and min: 200.9) and BIAS. The results show that the method developed and validated can be implemented, in routine, for quality control laboratories of lubricating oils
Mestre
35

Praxedes, Jomilto Luiz. "Elaboração de uma plataforma oscilatória para teste de equilíbrio dinâmico /." Guaratinguetá : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97050.

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Resumo: Este estudo tem como objetivo elaborar e validar um protótipo de plataforma proprioceptiva que possibilite a mensuração e o monitoramento do comportamento cinemático dos estímulos perturbatórios gerados. Considerando que atualmente, a avaliação do equilíbrio postural em plataformas instável é realizada de forma qualitativa, sendo observado o quanto a plataforma oscilou, a estratégia proposta neste estudo permite quantificar o fenômeno oscilatório, permitindo futuras comparações entre exames, isto como uma forma de medida avaliativa dos participantes. Foi elaborada uma plataforma oscilatória que possibilitava a mensuração do seu deslocamento angular através de um potenciômetro. Para a validação do equipamento utilizou-se a técnica da videogrametria, sendo assim, durante a movimentação da plataforma coletou-se dados provenientes da plataforma e do potenciômetro. A plataforma instável construída e instrumentalizada neste trabalho foi capaz de mensurar e monitorar o comportamento cinemático dos estímulos perturbatórios gerados durante a sua movimentação, apresentando alto valor de correlação. Desta forma, pode-se substituir a técnica de videogrametria pela utilização do potenciômetro, tornando o exame mais prático. Este equipamento poderá ser útil para o estudo minucioso do equilíbrio e da estabilidade postural, no que tange a relação entre os estímulos perturbatórios gerados e a resposta motora do testado
Abstract: This study aims to develop and validate an oscillating platform which enables the measurement and monitoring of the kinematics of the stimuli generated disturbing. Whereas today, the assessment of postural balance in an unstable platform is performed in a qualitative way, observing how the platform oscillated, the strategy proposed in this study to quantify the oscillatory phenomenon, allowing for future comparisons between tests, this measure as a form of evaluative participants. A oscillating platform was developed that allowed the measurement of its angular displacement with a potentiometer. For the validation of equipment used the technique of videogrammetry, so during the platform movement data was collected. The unstable platform built and manipulated in this study was able to measure and monitor the kinematics of the stimuli generated disturbing when they are moving at a high correlation value. Thus, one can replace the technique of videogrammetry the use of potentiometer, making the test more practical. This equipment may be useful for the detailed study of balance and postural stability, regarding the relationship between stimuli and motor response disturbing generated the test
Orientador: Araildo Lima da Silva
Coorientador: Luiz Alberto Batista
Banca: Tamotsu Hirata
Banca: Luis Aureliano Imbiriba Silva
Mestre
36

Pilecco, Flávia Bulegon. "Aborto provocado em mulheres vivendo com HIV/Aids." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/97250.

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Introdução: A feminização da epidemia e o aumento da expectativa de vida, trouxeram à tona a discussão sobre decisões reprodutivas de mulheres vivendo com HIV/Aids, incluindo a prática de aborto. Objetivo: Investigar como a interrupção de gestações se insere na trajetória de vida de mulheres vivendo com HIV/Aids. Metodologia: Foi feita uma revisão da literatura buscando estudos que investigaram a ocorrência e fatores associados à prática de aborto induzido em mulheres vivendo com HIV/Aids. Em uma segunda parte da tese, foram analisados dados referentes a um estudo transversal, que pesquisou mulheres vivendo com HIV/Aids de 18 a 49 anos, em Porto Alegre, Brasil, divididas em dois grupos: mulheres vivendo com HIV/Aids e mulheres não vivendo com HIV/Aids, recrutadas em serviços públicos de saúde. A amostra final foi composta por 684 mulheres vivendo com HIV/Aids, que tiveram 2.039 gestações, e 639 mulheres não vivendo com HIV/Aids, com 1.539 gravidezes. A associação entre preditores e desfecho (aborto provocado) foi analisada por meio de um modelo logístico de Equações de Estimativas Generalizadas. A terceira e última parte analisou dados dessa mesma pesquisa, sobre mulheres que tiveram aborto após o diagnóstico de HIV. Resultados: A revisão da literatura indicou que mulheres vivendo com HIV/Aids têm maiores taxas de aborto induzido, embora essas taxas tenham diminuído depois da introdução do protocolo de prevenção da transmissão vertical. A análise dos dados sobre aborto entre mulheres vivendo com HIV/Aids indicou que 6,5% das gestações entre mulheres vivendo com HIV/Aids foram findadas em aborto, mesma situação de 2,9% das gestações entre mulheres não vivendo com HIV/Aids. Entre mulheres vivendo com HIV/Aids, 7,7% das gestações ocorridas antes do diagnóstico foram findadas em aborto induzido, mesma situação 4,0% daquelas ocorridas após o diagnóstico. Ser mais velha, ter maior escolaridade, maior número de parceiros ao longo da vida, ter filhos antes da gravidez índice e não estar vivendo com parceiro durante a gestação foram associados à mais frequente prática de aborto entre mulheres vivendo com HIV/Aids. Na análise da ocorrência de aborto pós-diagnóstico, foi encontrado que dentre as mulheres que tiveram aborto após o diagnóstico a declaração de violência foi recorrente e o uso consistente de contracepção e de preservativo foi baixo. A mediana de tempo entre o diagnóstico e o aborto foi de dois anos. Em metade dos abortos, a motivação foi a mulher estar vivendo com HIV, embora apenas três, de 10 mulheres que declararam essa motivação não tenham tido outros filhos após o diagnóstico. Conclusões: Mulheres vivendo com HIV/Aids têm maior risco de ter aborto induzido ao longo da vida do que mulheres não vivendo com HIV/Aids. Entretanto, apesar de o HIV impactar na decisão na decisão por abortar, a vulnerabilidade socioeconômica e a relação com o parceiro destacam-se como fatores frequentemente associados à prática de aborto. Esse achado é atestado tanto por estudos quanti quanto qualitativos e reforçados por nosso achado de que a maioria dos abortos ocorridos na trajetória dessas mulheres aconteceu antes do diagnóstico de HIV. Assim, as pesquisas com o intuito de investigar aborto entre mulheres vivendo com HIV/Aids devem considerar o contexto específico de cada gestação. Em termos de políticas públicas é fundamental o investimento na difusão e disponibilização de insumos para a dupla proteção, como forma de reduzir as gravidezes não previstas.
Background: The feminization of the epidemic and the increased life expectancy has brought up the discussion about reproductive decisions of women living with HIV/Aids, including the practice of induced abortion. Objective: To investigate how the interruption of pregnancies is inserted in the trajectory of life of women living with HIV/Aids. Methodology: Firstly, a systematic literature review was conducted in order to search for studies that investigate the occurrence and determinants of induced abortion among women living with HIV/Aids. Secondly, data from a cross-sectional study that surveyed women living and not living with HIV/Aids, from 18 to 49 years old, in Porto Alegre, Brazil, were analyzed. The final sample consisted of 684 women living with HIV/Aids, which had 2,039 pregnancies, and 639 women not living with HIV/Aids, with 1,539 pregnancies. The association between the predictors and the outcome (induced abortion) was analyzed by using generalized estimates equations. Finally data from the aforementioned study about women who had abortion after HIV diagnosis were analyzed. Results: The literature review indicated that women living with HIV/Aids have higher rates of induced abortion, although these rates have decreased after the introduction of the protocol to prevent mother-to-child transmission. The analysis of data on abortion among women living with HIV/Aids indicated that 6.5% of pregnancies among women living with HIV/Aids ended on abortion, same situation as 2.9% of pregnancies among women not living with HIV/Aids. Among women living with HIV/Aids, 7.7% of pregnancies that occurred before HIV diagnosis were voluntarily terminated, same situation as 4.0% of those that occurred after HIV diagnosis. To be older, to have higher education and higher number of partners throughout life, to have children before the index pregnancy and not to be living with a partner during pregnancy were associated with abortion among women living with HIV/Aids. In the analysis of the abortions that occurred after HIV diagnosis, the occurrence of violence and the inconsistent use of contraception and condoms were common in the life course of women who had abortions after the HIV diagnosis. The median time between HIV diagnosis and the induced abortion was two years. The motivation for the practice of abortion was the woman to be living with HIV in half of the cases of abortion, although only three of 10 women who reported this motivation have not had other children after HIV diagnosis. Conclusions: Women living with HIV/Aids are at greater risk of having induced abortion throughout life than women not living with HIV/Aids. However, although HIV impacts in the decision to terminate a pregnancy, socioeconomic vulnerability and marital context stand out as factors frequently associated with induced abortion. This finding is confirmed both by quantitative and qualitative studies and reinforced by our finding that the majority of abortions that occur in the trajectory of these women happens before HIV diagnosis. Therefore research developed with the objective of investigating abortion among women living with HIV/Aids should consider the specific context of each pregnancy. In terms of public policy, it is essential to invest in the dissemination and availability of dual protection in order to reduce unplanned pregnancies.
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Цветков, Д. С. "Кристаллическая структура, термодинамика образования и разупорядочения сложных оксидов RBaCo2-xMxO6-δ (R=Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Ho; M=Mn, Fe, Cu) со структурой двойного перовскита : автореферат диссертации на соискание ученой степени доктора химических наук : 02.00.04." Thesis, б. и, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/97550.

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Мартюшов, И. А., and I. A. Martyushov. "Влияние масштаба предприятия на эффективность его деятельности : магистерская диссертация." Master's thesis, б. и, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/97950.

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Определение разумного масштаба деятельности предприятия является необходимым условием его эффективного функционирования. Цель магистерской диссертации является совершенствование методического инструментария обоснования решений по изменению масштаба предприятия для повышения экономической эффективности его деятельности. В работе рассматривается генезис понятия предельных издержек и вопросы взаимосвязи масштаба предприятия и эффективности его деятельности. В качестве источников информации для апробации методического подхода использовались годовые отчёты предприятий. В магистерской диссертации был разработан методический подход к обоснованию решения о целесообразности наращивания масштаба предприятия и выбору конкретных направлений увеличения масштаба, основанный на анализе динамики вовлечения производственных факторов в производство и оценке устойчивых и существенных изменений их отдачи, вызванных ростом предельных издержек в долгосрочном периоде.
Determination of a reasonable scale of the enterprise is a necessary condition for its effective functioning. The purpose of the master's thesis is to improve the methodological support for substantiating decisions on changing the scale of an enterprise, which will increase the economic efficiency of its activities. The work examines the genesis of the concept of marginal costs and the relationship between the scale of the enterprise and the efficiency of its activities. In the master's thesis, a methodological approach was developed to substantiate the decision on the feasibility of increasing the scale of the enterprise and the choice of specific directions for increasing the scale. It is based on the analysis of the dynamics of the involvement of production factors in production and the assessment of stable and significant changes in their returns, caused by an increase in marginal costs in the long run. Annual reports of enterprises were used as sources of information for testing the methodological approach.
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Monti, Katelynn A. "Feline Parasitism: Parasite Prevalence and Evaluation of New Immunoassays for Giardia and Cryptosporidium." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97250.

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Cats are infected with a variety of internal parasites, some of which are zoonotic. Therefore, being able to effectively detect and determine prevalence of internal parasites in cats is important for both feline and human health. Some parasites are easier to detect than others. Diagnosing Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. can be difficult because cysts and oocysts shed in the feces are small, shed intermittently, and require a trained technician to consistently identify them. As a result, infections with these protozoan parasites can be missed. Fecal immunoassays detect antigens in feces and can have increased sensitivity when compared to traditional microscopic techniques, but still do not detect every infection. The current reference standard is an immunoassay known as the direct immunofluorescent assay, but it requires expensive equipment and a long incubation period. As a result, two prototype lateral flow fecal immunoassays, the Cryptosporidium EZ VUE and Giardia EZ VUE, designed by TECHLAB® Inc were evaluated for the ability to detect G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. infections in cats because they are cheap, easy to use, easy to store and easy to interpret. In addition, samples were examined using a 33% zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) centrifugal fecal flotation procedure and the MERIFLUOR® Cryptosporidium/Giardia direct immunofluorescent assay (IFA), which served as the reference test. Other internal parasites found on the centrifugal fecal flotation with zinc sulfate were recorded to determine prevalence. Both EZ VUE fecal immunoassays demonstrated potential in diagnosing infections in cats when compared to centrifugal fecal flotation and the reference. Additionally, a variety of other internal parasites were identified. This included several potentially zoonotic species including Spirometra mansonoides, Ancylostoma sp. and Toxocara cati, which was also the most commonly identified species of parasite. Additionally, it was determined that several factors may contribute to higher prevalence of parasites especially in cats with the status of stray or feral.
M. S.
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Higashi, Atsuko. "Direct Hematological Toxicity and Illegitimate Chromosomal Recombination Caused by the Systemic Activation of CreERT2." Kyoto University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/97950.

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Barba, Díaz René. "Pseudoscorpiones (Arachnida) de Cuba: Taxonomía de Sternophoridae y Olpiidae, descripción de una especie nueva de Antillobisium (Bochicidae) y consideraciones para la conservación de Olpiidae." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/97050.

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La familia Sternophoridae se registra por primera vez para Cuba con dos especies Garyops depressus Banks, 1909 e Idiogaryops pumilus (Hoff, 1963), ambas con una distribución pancubana. Los genitales femeninos constituyen caracteres diagnósticos importantes para la definición de géneros en Sternophoridae, mientras que los genitales masculinos, son importantes para la definición de especies. La familia Olpiidae consta de nueve especies, cinco son nuevos registros y dos especies nuevas para la ciencia: Pachyolpium alegreae y Planctolpium martinezi. Se describen por primera vez los genitales masculinos de tres especies de Olpiidae. Se comentan algunos aspectos sobre la biogeografía de las familias Olpiidae y Sternophoridae en Cuba. Se describe una nueva especie troglobia del género Antillobisium (Bochicidae), A. tomasi, que presenta caracteres morfológicos que añaden evidencias acerca de afinidades cercanas entre los géneros Antillobisium, Titanobochica, Troglobochica y Vachonium. Esta especie troglobia se clasifica según los criterios de la IUCN con una categoría de amenaza VU D2. Se ofrecen claves para la identificación de todos los géneros y especies tratados en el estudio, así como mapas de distribución actualizada y datos sobre la historia natural de las especies. Se elaboran, por primera vez en Cuba, mapas con la distribución potencial actual de siete especies de Olpiidae y se determina la correspondencia entre la distribución potencial y el Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas de Cuba, con el objetivo de crear pautas de conservación para estos arácnidos. Seis de las siete especies de Olpiidae tienen una distribución potencial actual asociada a las costas de Cuba, lo que las hace muy vulnerables a efectos del cambio climático.
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CIMINO, Anna Maria. "La poesia di Virgilio nell’Italia del Divi Filius." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/97650.

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From the second half of the 19th century, the majority of the Roman historians have advocated the idea of a neat antithesis between the political experiences of Caesar and those of Augustus. Eminent scholars like Theodor Mommsen, Eduard Meyer, Thomas Rice Holmes and Christian Meier have had a great influence on the development of the discipline, and still, to this day, the political movement from the res publica to the Principate is interpreted as a a desultory and incoherent process. The change was marked by the rise of these two figures, who are inseparably linked together, but at the same time in opposition with each other due to their choices, their strategies, and their government initiatives. Current scholarly research shows caution regarding the possibility of speaking of an imitatio Caesaris by Octavian (SION-JENKIS 2012: 27-28), and those who are most likely to boost this hypothesis do not deny the existence of substantial differences between them, especially in terms of form and conception of the power that they hold (KIENAST 19993; 2001: 1-26). Through the lens of Latin literature, this thesis aims to enter the debate and reopen the investigation: Vergil will be called to the stand in order to reconstruct the perspective that the cives of the 1st century BC would have had of both the relationship between the princeps and the Divus, and the eventual continuity between them, in particular for the period beginning with Caesar’s assassination (44 BC) and concluding with the triple triumph (29 BC).To do so, I will pursue a twofold goal: I intend to clarify first that the persistence of Julius Caesar’s memory in Latin literature and in the Roman collective consciousness was greater than which Ronald Syme had attributed to him (SYME 1939: 317-318; 2016: 230- 254), expanding further upon Peter White’s conclusions in the famous article “Julius Caesar in Augustan Rome” (WHITE 1988: 334-356). I will then try to argue that, in the Eclogues, in the Georgics and in the Aeneid, it is possible to pinpoint significant clues that Vergil had in mind – or tried to express – regarding a certain image of Octavian as heir of Caesar and as continuator of his political agenda, notably on the matters related to Italy and Italians. Indeed, among the different aspects generally considered by historians to disprove the existence of a continuity between them (i.e. typology of government, conception of power, organization of the army, forms of self-representation, reforms, etc.), the role of Italy in their respective political discourses has been scarcely examined (RAAFLAUB 2010: 166-167), I will relay the results of my research in three main chapters, in which I will carry out the analysis of the Vergilian works through a multidisciplinary approach. Juxtaposing the tools of literary criticism and those of the historical investigation, I will contextualize the allusions contained in the texts alongside the material culture and the social-political fabric of the Rome of the 1st century BC. Such a methodological choice is dictated both by the evidence of a constant dialectic between power and literary production in the age of Augustus, and the idea that Vergil – because of evident biographical reasons – must have been inspired/influenced by the complex and painful dynamics that drove to the unification of the peninsula in the name of the Iulii. So, before bringing forth new hypotheses on the representation of Italy and its diverse people in the Aeneid, it will be necessary to understand how the poet associated himself with Octavian’s political discourse and with the idea of Italian unity that he tried to spread in view of the war against Mark Antony and Cleopatra. [...]
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Smith, Jason. "Quarks and antiquarks in nuclei /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9750.

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Manzambi, Maria Flora Mengi. "A Importância dos Centros de Logística e Distribuição no Sector Agrícola de Perecíveis no Mercado Angolano." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal. Escola Superior de Ciências Empresariais, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/9750.

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Projeto apresentado para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Ciências Empresariais, ramo de Gestão Logística
O presente trabalho enquadra-se no âmbito do Mestrado em Ciências Empresarias, Ramo Gestão Logística, da Escola Superior de Ciências Empresariais do Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal. O tema escolhido para a realização deste trabalho, enquadra-se no programa curricular do mestrado. Os motivos que levam à minha escolha por este tema são diversos, complementando-se. A primeira razão deve-se à escolha da própria estrutura da tese. A estrutura de um estudo de caso é particularmente atrativa para mim, na medida em que permite um contacto direto com uma organização, e aliar o conhecimento académico, à prática, e que se traduza em mais conhecimento a nível pessoal e profissional. A temática da logística é um sector vital de qualquer economia, como é gerida a rede de transportes, como é feita a gestão logística de stocks, e de que forma a sua gestão influencia os ganhos em tempo e em dinheiro, por si só causa imensa curiosidade e é escassa a informação sobre este sector de atividade. O segundo motivo prende-se com a falta de produção académica em termos da intervenção de um dos 4 P’s do Marketing, de acordo com vários autores como Lindon, D. (2010), a distribuição, mais concretamente no campo da cadeia de abastecimento englobando a logística e o transporte. Como consequência desta lacuna pretendo adicionar o meu contributo para que o setor seja mais conhecido dando a hipótese aos leitores de uma abordagem por dentro de uma organização no seio desta área. O gosto pelo desafio sabendo que o caminho ia ser longo mas sempre revelador, fizeram com que sentisse mais ambição em abraçar o tema. Neste trabalho foram utilizados métodos de investigação, tais como; pesquisa bibliográfica, recolha de dados através de obras literárias e autores de referência, assim como documentos e relatórios disponíveis pelo Ministério do Comércio de Angola. Com este trabalho pretendo descrever a estrutura logística em Angola e o seu desenvolvimento, os seus Centros logísticos e a sua funcionalidade e dependência que estes possuem no plano operacional das infraestruturas de transporte que os servem. Para esse efeito é indispensável caracterizar a situação atual das infraestruturas de transporte em Angola, projetando as grandes tendências de desenvolvimento futuro.
Abstract: This present work falls within the scope of the Master in Business and Administration, Logistics Management Branch, Escola Superior de Ciências Empresariais at Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal. The theme chosen for this work is part of the master program curriculum. The reasons for my choice of this theme are many, complementing each other. The first reason is due to the choice of the structure of the thesis. The structure of a case study is particularly attractive to me, in that it allows direct contact with an organization, and to combine academic knowledge, practice, who will translate into more knowledge in personal and professional level. The issue of logistics is a vital sector of any economy, how it is managed the transport network, how the logistic management of stocks is made, and how its management influences the gains in time and money, by itself cause immense curiosity and there aren´t many available information’s and studies about this sector. The second reason it’s relates to the lack of academic output in terms of the intervention of one of the 4 P's of Marketing, according to several authors as Lindon, D. 2010, distribution, specifically in the supply chain field encompassing logistics and the transport. As a result of this shortcoming I plan to add my contribution for the sector can be best known, providing to the readers an approach inside an organization with this area. The taste for challenge knowing that the road would be long but always revealing, made him feel more ambition to embrace the theme. In this work were used research methods, such as; bibliographical research, data collection through literary works and authors of reference, as well as documents and reports available by the Ministry of Trade Angola. With this work I intend to describe the logistics structure in Angola and its development, its logistics centers and its functionality and dependence that they have in the operational plan of transport infrastructure who are serving them. To this end it is essential to characterize the current state of transport infrastructure in Angola, projecting the major trends of future development.
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伊藤, 之雄, and Yukio Ito. "第二次藤内閣期の政党と藩閥官僚." 名古屋大学文学部, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/9750.

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Paredes, Gallardo Vanessa. "Desarrollo de un método digital para la medición y predicción de tamaños dentarios: aplicaciones para determinar alteraciones en el índice de Bolton." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9750.

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El objetivo de la Tesis Doctoral era introducir y comparar un nuevo Método Digital que basándose en la digitalización de los modelos de estudio de escayola y un software de apoyo permitía calcular la medición de los tamaños mesiodistales de los dientes, longitudes de arcada, discrepancias osedodentarias e índices de Bolton, además de predecir los tamaños de los dientes no erupcionados en dentición mixta.Se seleccionaron 100 pares de modelos de estudio en dentición permanente, 30 correspondían a mujeres y 70 a hombres, con una edad decimal media de 14,8 años (rango 11,2-22,7 años).Procedimos a la medición de los tamaños mesiodistales de todos los dientes de cada uno de los pacientes, por los dos métodos de medición seleccionados.En el Método Tradicional, medimos los tamaños con un calibre tradicional de una sensibilidad de décimas de milímetro, directamente sobre los modelos de escayola, mientras que en el Método Digital, se digitalizaron todos los modelos de estudio con un escáner convencional, para pasar a realizar las mediciones directamente sobre la imagen con el ratón del ordenador como interfase y una sensibilidad de centésimas de milímetros. Posteriormente, con unas tablas seleccionadas y ordenadas por percentiles, se tomaron diferentes dientes (incisivos y molares) como dientes de referencia para determinar el resto de los tamaños mesiodistales de los dientes no erupcionados (caninos y premolares). Los coeficientes de correlación lineal para todos los valores entre el método digital y tradicional fueron cercanos al 1, con ordenadas en el origen de 0 y pendientes de 1, significando con ello, que los datos entre ambos métodos eran idénticos.Para la predicción de los tamaños dentarios, se utilizaron coeficientes de correlación lineal obteniendo muy buenos resultados siendo la combinación del incisivo superior y del molar inferior junta a las listas seleccionadas la mejor combinación para esta predicción.Según una encuesta realizada entre Ortodoncistas españoles y estadounidenses la medición de todos los parámetros anteriores por el método tradicional resultaba laboriosa de realizar y calcular, lo que provocaba su omisión en más de la mitad de los casos. Igualmente, se nos planteaba un problema en casos de Dentición Mixta en los cuales no podíamos realizar una medición directa de los dientes no erupcionados. Por ello, un método digital parecía la opción más adecuada, sencilla, exacta y rápida para el profesional.En ocasiones, nos encontrábamos con modelos de estudio con dientes poco erupcionados donde era difícil localizar los puntos de contacto, siendo la imagen obtenida de poca calidad y exactitud.Como conclusión de nuestro estudio podemos afirmar que el Método Digital propuesto, era igualmente sensible y exacto que el Método tradicional para la medición de los tamaños mesiodistales de los dientes y para el cálculo de los índices de Bolton, además de para predecir los tamaños en dentición mixta de manera exacta.El método digital era además más rápido que el tradicional con las ventajas de magnificar la imagen de los dientes para su mejor visualización y la posibilidad de almacenar las imágenes en formato digital evitando los problemas del almacenamiento físico de los modelos de escayola.
The aims of the Doctoral Thesis were; to introduce and compare a new, fast and accurate Digital Method to measure mesio-distal tooth size, arch length, discrepancy and Bolton index and to predict mesio-distal tooth size for unerupted teeth in mixed dentition. One hundred dental casts of patients were selected, the sample comprised 30 females and 70 males, with a mean decimal age of 14.8 years (range 11.2 -22.7 years). The mesiodistal sizes of the upper and lower teeth of each cast were measured by both methods as follows:For the Traditional Method special callipers were used to measure the mesiodistal size of the casts. For the Digital Method the casts were scanned and with the aid of the mouse as a user interface, we marked the points of the mesiodistal size of each permanent tooth on the image of the casts. The software designed for this purpose, determines dental sizes in millimeters automatically. From this data, we were able to predict the rest of unerupted tooth sizes.Correlation coefficients were almost 1, which shows that values of both Methods were the same. We prepared linear regression graphics in which we represented and compared "real values" and "predicted ones" for each tooth type for every reference tooth. Our results showed the upper central incisor and lower first molar combination was the best reference teeth.The Digital Method presented in this Thesis made it possible to determine measurements and calculations quickly and accurately once the casts have been digitised.The conclusions of our Thesis were that the Digital Method was as sensible and accurate than the Traditional one for measuring mesiodistal tooth-size, Bolton index and to predicting mesiodistal tooth-size of the unerupted teeth.
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Perini, Silvia. "Ceramic vessel production, use and distribution in Northern Mesopotamia and Syria during the Middle Bronze Age II (c. 1800-1600 BC) : a functional analysis of vessels from Tell Ahmar, North Syria." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9750.

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The aim of this research is to investigate the functions of ceramic vessels from two well-defined contexts at Tell Ahmar that have been dated to the Middle Bronze Age II (c. 1800-1600 BC). In addition, correlations between socioeconomic activities and ceramic production at a local and regional level are further investigated. Since there is no one-to-one relation between vessel type and vessel function, the research adopts a multi-dimensional approach formed by the following hierarchical investigations. Firstly, a ceramic typology for the Middle Bronze Age pottery from Tell Ahmar, the first to be undertaken, is constructed to provide a working platform for further analyses. Secondly, interpretations of vessel functions are made based on the techno-morphological implications of vessel use. Moreover, since the ceramic assemblage under investigation represents the systemic inventory of artefacts in use in the rooms at the time of the site abandonment, function of the rooms and relative associations with the composition of the ceramic room assemblage at Tell Ahmar are investigated. In addition, comparative analysis from Northern Mesopotamian and Syrian sites are used in conjunction to suggest functional activities for the defined vessel shapes at Tell Ahmar. Inferences of vessel function are finally supported by the results of ceramic residue analysis and by epigraphic and iconographic evidence of vessel use. Functional activities (i.e. transport, storage and processing) are further discussed in order to make socioeconomic inferences at both local and regional levels. This analysis indicated that one of the major activities at Tell Ahmar was associated with long-distance transport and storage, while for those shapes characterised by a perforated base, an association with beer production is suggested. At a regional level, a general similarity of vessel shapes is noted, this being stronger among the Euphrates River Valley sites than in Inner Syria or in the Khabur Valley. However, when these similarities are examined in detail, ceramic production indicates some local distinctions. These variations, which are not associated with any ancient political boundaries, may be explained in terms of local preferences and requirements that emerged within long-distance flourishing relationships established during this period.
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Bégin, Vincent. "Contribution des traits psychopathiques à l’évolution des problèmes de conduites de filles et de garçons d'âge scolaire primaire." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9750.

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Les problèmes de conduites (PC) qui surviennent dès l'enfance sont à risque de persistance. Des travaux suggèrent que ce risque est accru lorsque les PC s'accompagnent de traits psychopathiques, opérationnalisés chez l'enfant par des dimensions de dureté-insensibilité, égocentrisme-narcissisme et impulsivitéirresponsabilité. Les travaux sur ces traits se sont cependant centrés sur la dimension de dureté-insensibilité et ne permettent pas d'établir si les trois dimensions des traits psychopathiques offrent une valeur prédictive ajoutée chez des enfants ayant des PC sévères. Cette étude longitudinale a pour objectif principal d'établir la contribution relative des trois dimensions des traits psychopathiques pour prédire l’évolution des PC chez des enfants présentant déjà ces problèmes à l'âge scolaire primaire, et à examiner si ces associations varient selon le genre. Les 213 enfants qui participent à l'étude ont été sélectionnés parmi les élèves de moins de dix ans recevant des services psychoéducatifs et dont les PC atteignaient un seuil clinique. Les analyses de régressions montrent que seule la dimension d'impulsivité-irresponsabilité contribue significativement à prédire les PC trois ans plus tard au-delà de la sévérité initiale des PC et du revenu familial, et ce, uniquement chez les garçons. Les résultats remettent en question l'utilisation de la dimension de dureté-insensibilité pour identifier un sous-groupe d'enfants dont les PC sont persistants, ainsi que la pertinence même des traits psychopathiques pour identifier un tel sous-groupe chez les filles.
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Corilloclla, Guillermo Rosa Karina. "Nivel de logro de las competencias genéricas e importancia que le conceden los internos de enfermería de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 2013." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/9750.

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Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autor
Determina el nivel de logro y de importancia de las competencias genéricas en su formación, según opinión de los estudiantes de Escuela Académica de Enfermería. Es un trabajo cuantitativo, descriptivo de corte transversal, la recolección de datos se utilizó como técnica la encuesta, y se aplicó una escala tipo Likert modificada 50 internos de enfermería de dicha escuela. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo, encontrándose en los resultados que el nivel de logro de las competencias genéricas se encuentran en proceso y la importancia que le conceden es de muy importante; realizando un análisis por dimensiones se encontró que las competencias instrumentales y las competencias sistémicas se encuentran en proceso y las competencias interpersonales se encuentran alcanzadas y la importancia que le conceden es de importante para las sistémicas y muy importante para las instrumentales y interpersonales. Estos datos evidencian que aun existen áreas críticas en la formación de los estudiantes, siendo importante la implementación de estrategias que permitan fortalecer y reforzar el logro de estas con el fin de garantizar enfermeros integrales preparados para laborar en cualquier contexto.
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Sousa, Américo José da Silva Martins. "Proteinases aspárticas em flores de Cynara Humilis : Estudos de expressão durante o desenvolvimento floral." Master's thesis, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/9750.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Biologia do Desenvolvimento e Reprodução Vegetal apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto
As proteinases aspárticas (EC 3.4.23) são uma sub-subclasse de enzimas que se encontram amplamente distribuídas na natureza. Os estudos realizados descrevem-nas em animais, plantas, bactérias, fungos, retrovírus e vírus; onde desempenham diversas funções, desde a digestão de proteínas no sistema digestivo dos vertebrados até à clivagem de poliproteínas virais essenciais para a sua multiplicação. Estas enzimas têm sido objecto de intensa investigação dado o seu envolvimento em diversas patologias, como a malária, a SIDA, o cancro e a doença de Alzheimer, mas também pela sua importância na industria dos lacticínios.As flores de Cynara cardunculus e Cynara humilis, vulgarmente designadas por cardo, têm sido utilizadas ao longo de várias décadas no fabrico artesanal dos queijos de ovelha da Serra da Estrela, de Azeitão e de Serpa. A actividade coagulante dos extractos das flores é devida à presença de proteinases aspárticas. Actualmente, nas flores de C. humilis, apenas uma enzima foi identificada, caracterizada e denominada por ChAP (Cynara humilis Aspartic Proteinase). Esta enzima apresenta uma elevada homologia com a cardosina A. No presente trabalho, faz-se em primeiro lugar uma caracterização sucinta dos órgãos florais femininos; seguidamente, com base em técnicas de imunohistoquímica, descreve-se a localização da proteinase no gineceu e por fim analisa-se a expressão da proteína e do respectivo mRNA no pistilo ao longo do seu desenvolvimento, utilizando as técnicas de Western blotting e RT-PCR, respectivamente.Os dados de imunolocalização revelaram que a ChAP se acumula principalmente nos volumosos vacúolos das papilas estigmáticas e também, embora de um modo menos abundante, nos vacúolos das células de parênquima subepidérmico do estigma e da epiderme do estilete. Estes resultados mostram que a ChAP é, predominantemente, uma proteína vacuolar. A análise do Western blotting evidencia que a acumulação do zimogénio da proteinase, ao longo do desenvolvimento flor ...

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