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1
Ngoua, Ella Cyrrus. "Connaissances mobilisées par les élèves du secondaire dans le domaine des fonctions, approche comparative entre la France et l'Afrique francophone." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCD066.
Abstract:
Cette thèse en mathématiques porte sur la notion de fonction. En effet, nous nous intéressons aux connaissances mobilisées, savoirs utilisés, par les élèves du secondaire, en France et en Afrique francophone, devant des tâches liées aux fonctions selon trois points de vue : didactique, épistémologique et cognitif. Dans une première partie, la thèse étudie la façon dont les fonctions nous sont données à travers L'histoire de ce concept en s’appuyant sur l’article The Concept of Function up to the Middle of the 19th Century du professeur A.P YOUSCHKEVITCH.La logique mathématique moderne a découvert des difficultés pour une définition universelle, non-algorithmique, d'une fonction.Dans une seconde partie, nous nous posons la question de savoir ce que savent faire les élèves avec les fonctions ? Pourquoi cette question ? En effet, la notion de fonction occupe une place importante dans les programmes scolaires ainsi que dans chacune des épreuves de mathématiques surtout au baccalauréat En notre qualité d’enseignant, nous avons voulu comprendre ce qui peut expliquer l’échec des élèves à l’épreuve de mathématiques au secondaire. Afin de mieux cerner ce qui peut expliquer les phénomènes observés chez les élèves du secondaire lors de la résolution des tâches liées à la notion de fonction, nous avons décidé de partir d'un corpus construit selon la formulation d'Elena Tognini-Bonelli. De l’analyse de ce corpus de tâches et d’activités élèves côté élèves, côté enseignants et côté institution, il en ressort que : la définition de la notion de fonction n'est pas assimilée par les élèves du secondaire ; ils sont arrivés à un niveau algorithme de l'utilisation des fonctions ; L'entrée par les tâches est mieux indiquée pour enseigner les fonctions ; la conformité de voir f ou f(x) dans un tableau, etc. Nous avons en amont rappelé les résultats des travaux antérieurs au notre en rapport avec l’enseignement de la notion de fonctionThis thesis in mathematics deals with the notion of function. Indeed, we are interested in the knowledge mobilized, knowledge used, by secondary school students, in France and in French-speaking Africa, in front of tasks related to functions according to three points of view: didactic, epistemological and cognitive. In the first part, the thesis studies the way functions are given to us through The history of this concept based on the article The Concept of Function up to the Middle of the 19th Century by Professor A.P YOUSCHKEVITCH:logic modern mathematics has discovered difficulties for a universal, non-algorithmic definition of a function. In a second part, we ask ourselves the question of what can students do with functions? Why this question ? Indeed, the concept of function occupies an important place in the school programs as well as in each of the mathematics tests, especially in the baccalaureate. In our capacity as teachers, we wanted to understand what can explain the failure of students in the mathematics test in secondary school. In order to better understand what can explain the phenomena observed in secondary school students when solving tasks related to the notion of function, we decided to start from a corpus built according to the formulation of Elena Tognini-Bonelli. From the analysis of this corpus of student tasks and activities on the student side, on the teacher side and on the institution side, it emerges that: the definition of the concept of function is not assimilated by secondary school students; they have arrived at an algorithmic level of the use of functions; Entry by tasks is best suited for teaching functions; the conformity of seeing f or f(x) in a table, etc. We have recalled beforehand the results of work prior to ours in relation to the teaching of the notion of function
2
Tew, Jerry. "The politics of the family and family therapy : a critical analysis of theory and practice." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1992. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/97170/.
Abstract:
This thesis aims to develop a new theoretical framework by which to understand family organisation and the processes of family therapy from a political perspective - a framework that will highlight (changing) power relationships rather than assume some notion of functional order. In constructing and evaluating such a theoretical framework, I will draw upon the traditions of critical theory and qualitative research. My starting points are an overview of existing critical understandings of 'the family', and an examination of how 'power' itself may be theorised in a rigorous manner. I will review how such perspectives may expose specific relations of oppression or recognition that underpin particular forms of organisation, from the scale of the social formation as a whole to that of 'the individual'. Psychoanalysis and discourse theory have provided concepts whereby to deconstruct the dynamics of 'the individual' - in particular the concept of 'subjectivity' - which I will develop further so as to encompass participation, not just in discursive structures, but also in structures of emotional and material relations. In a critical appraisal of the various theoretical and practice traditions within family therapy, I will look at how the hegemony of systems theory has begun to be questioned and alternative metaphors for familial organisation proposed. However, as I will argue, none of these provide a satisfactory basis for understanding power relations in the family. I will therefore go on to apply a new conceptualisation of family organisation - that of 'subjectivity' - which is developed out of the theoretical traditions discussed earlier. I will theorise 'the family', not just as the context in which individual subjectivity may be constructed, but as an entity that may be seen to participate in the social formation as a subjectivity in its own right. Instead of understanding familial organisation as a natural outcome of self-regulating processes (as in systems theory), it may thus be seen to reflect the ways in which a family may have been constructed as a subjectivity in and by an oppressive social formation - its coherence only being maintained by a degree of internal violence and repression. Building on this, I will develop a theoretical framework by which to analyse, from a political perspective, the breakdown of family functioning and the specific ways in which the organisation of family life may be reconstructed through the processes of family therapy. Following on from this, I will test out the value of the theoretical framework in an analysis of three examples of family therapy practice. My source material is transcripts taken from videotapes of actual family sessions, and these are analysed in terms of the evidence they provide of minute-by-minute changes in power relations within family organisation (often in response to particular interventions by the therapist). Out of this in-depth study of a small number of case examples, my primary aim will be to assess the practical value of the various elements of the theoretical framework in exposing how familial power relations have been structured and how (and whether) they may be modified during the course of family therapy. In turn, this may enable me to reach some preliminary conclusions as to how specific family therapy interventions may affect family organisation in ways that are either oppressive or empowering.
3
Occhilupo, Luca. "Le figure genitoriali nella famiglia ipermoderna e le loro conseguenze sul discorso di genere." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9770/.
Abstract:
In questo studio abbiamo voluto tentare un approccio multifunzionale per l’analisi della società moderna, più precisamente per analizzare la figura della donna e dell’uomo in questa epoca, figure che non potrebbero essere analizzate senza considerare le tematiche genitoriali e familiari che sono alla base della società stessa, italiana e non solo.
Abbiamo voluto indagare sia la figura materna che quella paterna, prendendo spunto dalle opere di Massimo Recalcati e di John Bowlby che tanto hanno meditato per quanto riguarda il rapporto della madre e del padre con il proprio figlio. Ci è sembrato necessario partire dalla famiglia e dalle figure genitoriali poiché queste costituiscono le fondamenta, sin dai tempi antichi, di ogni società, e considerare come sono variate tali figure nell’epoca ipermoderna costituisce un punto essenziale per delineare alcuni punti fondamentali di quella che Zygmunt Baumann ha definito società liquida.
La scienza medica ha insegnato che alla base della «cultura» (in senso antropologico), di ogni cultura, sta il tenace legame del figlio con la propria madre, in un rapporto di dipendenza biologicamente determinato dalla prolungata infanzia dell’essere umano, condizionandone l’intera esistenza e, in qualche modo, sottraendogli sempre il raggiungimento della piena maturità. Infatti bisogna considerare che l’intera esistenza di un uomo, di qualsiasi essere umano, è influenzata da ciò che egli vede e sente nei primi anni di vita (nei primi 3 anni di vita, secondo la scienza), pertanto il rapporto con la madre, il primo rapporto con la figura materna, è basilare per la vita futura dell’individuo.
Una volta terminato il ruolo materno, ossia quando il ragazzo è pronto per entrare nella società, è il padre (o meglio, la figura paterna) ad accompagnarlo nel suo raggiungimento della virile maturità e a prenderlo per mano durante il periodo, cosiddetto, della castrazione (psicologica), ossia della piena maturità e del distacco dal “seno materno”.
Il femminismo con i suoi movimenti degli anni ’70 ha portato ad una rottura, ad una vera e propria rivoluzione nel rapporto tra le parti. La donna ha acquisito una sempre maggiore consapevolezza portando non solo ad un nuovo e rinnovato tipo di femminilità, ma anche, dirimpetto, ad una differente tipologia di mascolinità, probabilmente meno consapevole e più debole, alimentando una sorta di sentimento ginecofobico che acuisce man mano che si va avanti, nonché un’assenza di dialogo tra i due universi, quello femminile e quello maschile, con una paura di fondo da parte di quest’ultimo.
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Batty, Stephen. "Content based retrieval of PET neurological images." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2004. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/9770/.
Abstract:
Medical image management has posed challenges to many researchers, especially when the images have to be indexed and retrieved using their visual content that is meaningful to clinicians. In this study, an image retrieval system has been developed for 3D brain PET (Position emission tomography) images. It has been found that PET neurological images can be retrieved based upon their diagnostic status using only data pertaining to their content, and predominantly the visual content. During the study PET scans are spatially normalized, using existing techniques, and their visual data is quantified. The mid-sagittal-plane of each individual 3D PET scan is found and then utilized in the detection of abnormal asymmetries, such as tumours or physical injuries. All the asymmetries detected are referenced to the Talairarch and Tournoux anatomical atlas. The Cartesian co- ordinates in Talairarch space, of detected lesion, are employed along with the associated anatomical structure(s) as the indices within the content based image retrieval system. The anatomical atlas is then also utilized to isolate distinct anatomical areas that are related to a number of neurodegenerative disorders. After segmentation of the anatomical regions of interest algorithms are applied to characterize the texture of brain intensity using Gabor filters and to elucidate the mean index ratio of activation levels. These measurements are combined to produce a single feature vector that is incorporated into the content based image retrieval system. Experimental results on images with known diagnoses show that physical lesions such as head injuries and tumours can be, to a certain extent, detected correctly. Images with correctly detected and measured lesion are then retrieved from the database of images when a query pertains to the measured locale. Images with neurodegenerative disorder patterns have been indexed and retrieved via texture-based features. Retrieval accuracy is increased, for images from patients diagnosed with dementia, by combining the texture feature and mean index ratio value.
5
Garforth, Lisa. "Green utopias : imagining the sustainable society." Thesis, University of York, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9770/.
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Burston, John. "The kinematic effects of three quarter and full length foot orthoses on anterior knee pain sufferers when walking and descending stairs." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2013. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/9770/.
Abstract:
Background: Patellofemoral pain is a common disorder whose aetiology is complex often being described as multifactorial, increased load of the patellofemoral joint is often attributed to foot function. Foot orthoses are commonly prescribed for this condition; however the mechanisms by which they work are poorly understood. Previous studies using single segment foot models have hypothesised that it may be control of the midfoot which hold the key to understanding orthotic control. Over the last decade biomechanical analyses has advanced so it has become possible to divide the foot into segments, however no previous studies have investigated the use of orthoses on different segments of the foot when shod. The overall aim of this study was to investigate the differences seen in the kinematics and kinetics of the lower limb between a patellofemoral pain group and a group of normals when using a standardised orthosis prescription during walking and descending a step. Method: Initially fifteen healthy subjects had foot orthoses moulded to their feet, they were asked to walk at a self-selected pace and complete a 20cm step down; comparisons were made between sandals and shoes, plus two different orthoses. Kinematic and kinetic data were recorded using 10 Oqus cameras and 4 AMTI force platforms. The shoe data from the 15 healthy subjects was re-analysed and used as a control group to compare against 15 subjects diagnosed with patellofemoral pain. The foot was modelled using the calibrated anatomical systems technique (CAST) fixing the marker set directly on the feet and shoes of normal subjects which permitted comparisons of excursions between the shoes and sandals and the effects of the orthoses. Results 1: Similar changes in the pattern of movement were seen between the shoe and the sandals conditions with and without the orthoses; the shoes reduced the excursions recorded except the transverse plane of the rearfoot. At the knee maximum extension was increased and maximum flexion at toe off was reduced by the orthoses. Initial Conclusions: Expectedly the shoes reduced the range of motion over the sandal condition in most planes; however the similar effects seen with the orthoses in both types of footwear suggesting it was acceptable to use shoes in the later study. Results 2: Significant differences were seen between the healthy subjects and the patellofemoral pain subjects at the foot and the knee. Both orthoses produced statistically significant results at the foot. In addition there was a significant reduction in the knee coronal plane moment range during the forward continuum phase of step down; this was attributed to a change in the ground reaction force as there were no changes reported in the kinematics of the knee. Conclusions: The method of placement of the markers was able to detect small changes within the foot segments. This study identified potentially important differences between the patellofemoral pain subjects and the normals in both the knee and foot segments. However due to the lack of pain during the walking and step down trials it could not be determined if the changes were due to pain avoidance mechanisms or if they were causative factors. Many of the changes produced by the orthoses tended to be local to the foot, except for the knee coronal plane moment range during the forward continuum phase of step down. To the authors knowledge this work is unique in its investigation of the motion of foot segments while shod and confirmed the clinically held belief it is essential to consider footwear when prescribing orthoses to patients. The use of foot mechanics could be of interest to further research and may help to define sub-populations within this condition.
7
Islam, Shahida. "Time controlled photo-oxidation of polyolefins by polymer bound additives." Thesis, Aston University, 1992. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/9770/.
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A variety of iron compounds containing vinyl or thiol functional groups (used as photoactivators) have been synthesised and some of these were successfully bound to both polyethylene and polypropylene backbones during processing in the presence of peroxide and interlinking agent. Concentrates (masterbatches) of the photoactivators in PP and PE were prepared and the pro-oxidant effect of the diluted masterbatches in absence and presence of an antioxidant was evaluated. An antioxidant photoactivator (FeDNC ) was found to sensitise the photoactivity of pro-oxidants (Metone A / Metone M) whereas an antioxidant (ZnDNC) was found to stabilise the polymer (PP and PE) containing both of these combinations. It was observed that the lower concentration of FeDNC sensitises the stability of the polymer containing very small concentration of NiDNC whereas higher concentration of FeDNC stabilises the polymer (LDPE) containing same amount of NiDNC compared to FeDNC alone. The photostability of unstabilised PP containing FeAc could be varied by varying the concentration of ZnDEC. Both the induction period and the UV - life time of the polymer increased by increasing concentration of ZnDEC. It is suggested that ligand exchange reaction may take place between FeAc and ZnDNC. A polymer bound UV stabiliser (HAEB) and a thermal stabiliser (DBBA) were used with a non extractable photoactivator (FeAc) in PP. Small concentrations of the stabilisers (HAEB and DBBA) in combination with the photoactivator (FeAc) sensitise the polymer. The antioxidant present in commercial polymer (LDPE and PP) was found to be of a hindered phenol type, which was found to antagonise with ZnDNC when used in combination with the photoactivators.
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Oliveira, Ricardo Velozo Marcondes de [UNESP]. "Estudo da viabilidade energética de amortecedores regenerativos por indução com ênfase nos carros elétricos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97070.
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000696266.pdf: 2158771 bytes, checksum: e50302868940c5c20e1c3aadd8149123 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Os conhecidos automóveis elétricos tem seu desenvolvimento datado do início do século XIX, porém ainda não possuem a autonomia e o preço condizentes com a realidade da atual sociedade motora. Baseando-se na teoria desenvolvida no trabalho Estudo de amortecedores regenerativos por indução, que se objetiva na possibilidade teórica de geração de energia elétrica pelos amortecedores automotivos, o presente trabalho dá continuidade ao proposto com a finalidade de se verificar experimentalmente a exatidão deste método de referência e a viabilidade desta alternativa como sistema regenerativo para os carros elétricos, de modo a auxiliar sua autonomia e contribuir com o seu desenvolvimento sustentável. Assim, procura-se definir uma base de referência para que esta realidade seja mais promissora com o uso cotidiano de solicitação da suspensão do automóvel. Esta proposta vem inspirada também pela atual necessidade de que formas alternativas de geração de energia sejam exploradas, objetivando a administração sustentável dos combustíveis fósseis e o desenvolvimento da tecnologia de transporte. Salientando que sistemas regenerativos já são uma realidade nos dias atuais, como as células fotovoltaicas e o KERS já equipando alguns modelos. A análise e conclusão deste trabalho abre espaço para futuros estudos a fim de que os amortecedores produzam energia elétrica, e confirma a viabilidade desta proposta, com um potencial sustentável promissor para geração de energia limpa; esta energia pode ser armazenada e utilizada para regenerar baterias ou até mesmo acionar comandos elétricos, de modo a ser mais uma alternativa para os veículos que se utilizam de eletricidade, procurando balancear a oferta e demanda de energia para o transporte
The electric cars have known its development dating from the early nineteenth century, but still lack the autonomy and the price commensurate with the reality of actual motor society. Based on the theory developed in the work “study regenerative shock induction”, which aims at the theoretical possibility of generating electricity for automotive shock absorbers, this work continues to the one proposed in order to experimentally verify the accuracy of the reference method and viability of this alternative as a regenerative system for electric cars, in order to help their autonomy and contribute to its sustainable development. Thus we seek to establish a baseline so that this reality is more promising with the everyday use of the request for suspension of the car. This proposal is also inspired by the current call for alternative forms of energy generation, aiming at sustainable management of fossil fuels and transport technology development. It should be emphasized that regenerative systems, such as photovoltaic cells and the KERS already equipping some models are a reality today. The analysis and conclusion of this work paves the way for future studies so that the shock absorbers produce electricity, and confirm the viability of this proposal, with a promising potential for sustainable clean energy generation. This power generated can be stored and used to regenerate batteries or even to trigger electrical devices, besides being one more alternative to vehicles that use electricity, competing to balance the supply and energy demand for transports
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Dória, Karolina Marie Alix Benedictte Van Sebroeck [UNESP]. "Identificação e caracterização de um isolado do Hydrangea ringspot virus em hortênsia no Estado de São Paulo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97170.
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doria_kmabvs_me_botfca.pdf: 1765521 bytes, checksum: 3c3876d40aef109f0fbe73859a7a9972 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A hortênsia é um arbusto semilenhoso muito apreciado como ornamental no Brasil. No Brasil podemos ressaltar a “Região das Hortênsias” no Sul do país, onde esta ornamental é utilizada em projetos de jardinagem em casas e rodovias. A cidade de Gramado têm a hortênsia como sua flor símbolo. No Estado de São Paulo, ela é comumente encontrada na Região de Campos do Jordão. Plantas de hortênsia apresentando anéis cloróticos e necróticos foram observadas por Yuki et al. (2005) em material proveniente de Arujá, estado de São Paulo. Transmissões por extrato vegetal permitiram a observação de lesões locais cloróticas em Chenopodium quinoa e Gomphrena globosa, indicando infecção causada por vírus. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo a identificação e caracterização da espécie viral presente nestas amostras. Inicialmente as amostras foram analisadas por microscopia eletrônica, onde puderam ser observadas partículas alongadas filamentosas, medindo cerca de 490 nm, indicando a provável presença de um potexvirus. Oligonucleotídeos específicos Hyd_senso e Hyd_anti_senso foram desenhados para o Hydrangea ringspot virus (HdRSV), um potexvirus encontrado comumente em países Europeus e nos Estados Unidos. O RNA total foi extraído pelo método de Bertheau et al. (1998), para posterior análise por RT-PCR utilizando-se estes oligonucleotídeos. Dois fragmentos, um em torno de 550 e outro de 250 nucleotídeos foram amplificados e purificados para realização do sequenciamento genético. Uma identidade de nucleotídeos de 96% e 88% para o fragmento maior e menor respectivamente foi observada para HdRSV (número de acesso AJ 707100.1), indicando tratar-se desta espécie viral. O HdRSV até então era uma praga exótica no Brasil, de forma que foi realizada comunicação ao Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, que emitiu parecer...
The hydrangea is an ornamental plant very appreciated in Brazil. In South of Brazil, this plant is used in projects for gardening in houses and highways. Hydrangea is the symbol of Gramado´s city. In State of São Paulo this ornamental plant is commonly found in Campos do Jordão. Hydrangea plants showing leaves with chlorotic and necrotic rings were observed by Yuki (2005) in material proceeding from Arujá, State of São Paulo. Chlorotic local lesions were observed on Chenopodium quinoa and Gomphrena globosa, after sap transmission, indicating infection caused by virus. On electron microscope analysis, virus particles with 490 nm could be 4 visualized indicating infectin by a potexvirus. In order to identify the species of virus infecting these plants, specifics primers (Hyd_senso and Hyd_anti_senso) were design for Hydrangea ringspot virus (HdRSV), a potexvirus commonly found infecting hydrangea in Europe and United States. Total RNA was extracted following Bertheau et al., 1998 protocol’s and the primers were used in RT-PCR. Two fragments, one around 550bp and another one of 250 nucleotides were amplified and sequenced. An identity of nucleotide of 96% and 88%, respectively, was observed for HdRSV (number of access AJ 707100.1), indicating that both fragments amplified were from the virus. As the HdRSV is an exotic pest in Brazil, the occurrence was notified to the Ministry of Agriculture (MAPA) that gave us the permission for publication this data (process 21052.015361/2007-08). To evaluate the dissemination of this virus in the matrices of hydrangea used in the commercial production in Brazil, 17 samples of the region of Arujá – SP were analysed for the presence of the virus. Eight of them were infected by virus, and the RT-PCR fragment from the varieties Azul Rendado, Azul LZR, Renat Blue, Rosa Japonesa, Rosita and Vermelho Comum were sequenced for analysis... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Panariello, Beatriz Helena Dias [UNESP]. "Eficácia da imersão e da escovação mecânica combinada com diferentes agentes de limpeza de prótese na redução da viabilidade de biofilme multiespécies." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97270.
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panariello_bhd_me_arafo.pdf: 907352 bytes, checksum: f72d55d051ab470ad1000ff37b63894e (MD5)O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a eficácia da escovação com diferentes agentes de limpeza para reduzir a viabilidade de um biofilme multiespécies em resinas acrílicas. Amostras de Lucitone 550 (L) e Tokuyama Rebase Fast II (T) (10 mm x 2 mm) foram preparadas, esterilizadas e inoculadas com uma suspensão de 107 células/mL de Candida albicans e Candida glabrata e de 108 células/mL de Streptococcus mutans. As amostras foram incubadas por 48 h a 37 °C para a formação do biofilme. Em seguida, foram divididas (n = 12) e submetidas à escovação ou imersão durante 10 s nas soluções: água destilada (A); ácido peracético 0,2% (Ac), digluconato de clorexidina 1% (Chx), solução água/dentifrício 1:1 (D), hipoclorito de sódio a 1% (NaOCl) e perborato de sódio (Pb). Os microrganismos viáveis foram avaliados por ensaio de XTT e contagem de colônias (ufc /mL). Os dados foram verificados por ANOVA e teste de Tukey com nível de significância de 5%. Neste estudo, a eficácia da remoção do biofilme foi aumentada pela escovação combinada com agentes químicos de limpeza, por outro lado, a imersão por 10 s em AC e NaOCl mostrou-se tão eficaz quanto a escovação em L e T. Este resultado é bastante interessante, pois a imersão nestes agentes de limpeza por um curto período poderia ser uma alternativa viável para a desinfecção de próteses de pacientes com dificuldades motoras para executar a escovação.
The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of brushing with different cleaning agents in reducing the viability of multispecies biofilm in acrylic resins. Lucitone 550 (L) and Tokuyama Rebase Fast II (T) specimens (10 mm x 2 mm) were prepared, sterilized and inoculated with a Candida albicans and Candida glabrata suspension of 107 cells/mL and a suspension of 108 cells/mL of Streptococcus mutans. Specimens were incubated for 48 h at 37°C for the biofilm formation. Then, they were divided (n=12) and subjected to brushing or immersion for 10 s in the solutions: distilled water (W), 0.2% peracetic acid (Ac), 1% chlorhexidine digluconate (Chx), 1:1 water/dentifrice solution (D), 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and sodium perborate (Pb). Viable microorganisms was evaluated by XTT assay and colony counts (cfu/mL). Data were performed by ANOVA and Tukey test with 5% significance level. In this study, the efficacy of biofilm removal was increased by brushing combined with chemical cleaning agents, on the other hand, immersion for 10 sec in NaOCl and AC has shown to be as effective as brushing for L and T. This result is quite interesting, inasmuch as immersion in these cleaning agents for a short period could be a viable alternative for prostheses disinfection of patients with motor disabilities to perform the brushing.
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Miessi, Ana Carolina [UNESP]. "Avaliação da desadaptação e microdureza superficial de quatro resinas acrílicas para base de dentaduras utilizando métodos de polimerização e armazenagem em água." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97370.
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miessi_ac_me_araca.pdf: 741354 bytes, checksum: ba78d27d53c30aac75b9b79cea2cc8e6 (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a desadaptação e a microdureza superficial de quatro tipos de resinas acrílicas para base de dentaduras, em função de período de armazenagem em água de seis meses. Foram confeccionados vinte e cinco conjuntos modelo de gesso-base de resina, utilizando-se quatro resinas acrílicas: QC-20 que foi submetida à polimerização convencional (de acordo com as instruções dos fabricantes) e por energia de microondas (840 W por três minutos), Vipi Cril submetida à polimerização convencional (fabricante), Vipi Wave e Onda Cryl que receberam polimerização por energia de microondas conforme as recomendações dos fabricantes. Após a polimerização, os conjuntos modelo de gesso-base de resina foram seccionados na região posterior correspondente a região de post-dam para a leitura da desadaptação, com auxílio de um microscópio comparador, em três pontos referenciais: crista dos rebordos direito e esquerdo e região mediana do palato. Os conjuntos seccionados foram, então, imersos em água destilada a 35 l 2ºC por período de noventa dias, após o qual uma segunda leitura da desadaptação foi realizada. Imediatamente, os conjuntos modelo-base de resina foram separados e a bases de resina retiradas para a remoção dos excessos grosseiros da borda até o limite estabelecido pelo modelo de gesso. Posteriormente, as bases de resina acrílica foram fixadas nos respectivos modelos com adesivo de presa rápida colocado na região correspondente à crista do rebordo alveolar e uma terceira leitura para analisar a desadaptação, nos pontos referenciais, foi realizada. Após a terceira leitura, os conjuntos ficaram novamente imersos em água destilada a 35 l 2ºC e armazenados em estufa por um período de mais noventa dias, findo o qual uma quarta leitura nos pontos previamente demarcados foi...
The aim of this work was to evaluate the missfitting and the superficial microhardness of four acrylic resins types for dentures base due to storage period in six months water. 25 model sets of resin plaster-base have been confectioned using four acrylic resins: QC-20, which was submitted to the conventional polymerization (in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions) and microwaves energy polymerization (840W for three minutes) and Vipi Wave and Onda Cryl, which have received microwaves energy polymerization also in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. After the polymerization process, the model sets of resin plaster-base were parted in the corresponding posterior region, the post-dam region, for the missfitting analysis. This was supported by a comparing microscope in three reference points: right and left crest of ridges and palate's middle region. The parted sets have been, then, immersed in distilled water about 35 to 2°C, for a 90-day period which was followed by a second missfitting analysis. The resin base-model sets were immediately separated and the resin bases were immediately removed to promote the edge coarse excesses' removal until the limit established by the plaster model. Later, the acrylic resin bases were fixed in the respective models with fast stick adhesive, which was placed in the corresponding region to the alveolar crest of ridges. A third analysis to study the missfitting in the reference points was carried through. After the third analysis the sets were immersed again in distilled water about 35 to 2ºC and stored in a stove for a certain period, which exceeded 90 days. As soon as this period was finished, a fourth analysis was carried through in the points previously outlined (180 days total analysis period...(Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
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Brito, Maria Claudia [UNESP]. "Análise do perfil comunicativo de alunos com transtornos do espectro autístico na interação com seus professores." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97470.
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brito_ma_me_bauru.pdf: 782288 bytes, checksum: 498165d9c6f44add92fd0f5d7b317dfb (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A literatura ilustra que alguns aspectos da linguagem são essenciais no desenvolvimento e aprendizagem de indivíduos com Transtornos do Espectro Austístico (TEA). Entre tais aspectos destaca-se o uso funcional da linguagem, como principal dificuldade de comunicação nessa população, sendo fundamental sua consideração em contexto acadêmico. Nessa perspectiva, esta pesquisa investigou o perfil comunicativo, com ênfase nos aspectos funcionais da linguagem, de alunos com TEA durante a interação com suas professoras, em salas comuns de instituições públicas. Participaram 14 alunos com TEA, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre três e oito anos, que frequentavam do maternal à 2ª série e suas respectivas professoras. Como parte do procedimento foram realizadas duas filmagens, cada qual com 30 minutos, em situações de sala de aula, que tinham entre seus objetivos promover o desenvolvimento da linguagem oral dos alunos. Para análise das filmagens, foi utilizado o protocolo de pragmática, que verificou a ocorrência de iniciativas de comunicação e o espaço comunicativo ocupado pelos alunos e professoras, as funções e meios comunicativos utilizados pelos alunos. Os resultados evidenciaram que de modo geral as professoras iniciaram mais a comunicação, ocupando maior espaço comunicativo durante a interação do que os alunos. Quanto aos meios comunicativos, todos os alunos utilizaram preferencialmente gestos e apresentaram individualidades referentes à utilização dos meios vocais e verbais. No que se refere às funções comunicativas houve ocorrência significativamente superior das funções menos interativas em relação às funções mais interativas, ou seja, em sua maioria...
The literature illustrates that some language aspects are essential to the development and learning of individuals with Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Among such aspects they point out the functional usage of language as the mainly difficult of communication in this population, being fundamental its consideration in academic context. From this outlook, this research delved into the communicative profile, with emphasis in the functional aspects of language of students with ASD during the interaction with their teachers, in regular classrooms of public institutions. Fourteen students with ASD, male and female, with ages between theree and eight, which attended from kindengarten to second grade, and their teachers took part in the experiment. As part of the procedure, two films were made, each one with 30 minutes, in classroom situations, which had as goal to promote the development of the students'oral language. To analyze the films, it was used the protocol of pragmatic, which verified the occurence of initiatives of communication and the communicative space taken by the students and teachers, the communicative means and functions used by students. The results showed in general terms the teachers often started the communication, taken more communicative space than their students with ASD during the interaction. Concerning to the communicative means, all the students preferable used gestures and presented individualities in using vocal and verbal means. Concerning the communicative space than... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Toloy, Diego Solci [UNESP]. "Cenas de um mundo capitalista." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97570.
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toloy_ds_me_assis.pdf: 367840 bytes, checksum: ae38eafc81eeff2e0cc9a8806b04b951 (MD5)O modo de produção capitalista se transformou ao longo da modernidade, neste período histórico observamos como os processos produtivos passaram de uma organização fordista para uma forma de organização pós-fordista na medida em que o trabalho imaterial ganhava força, tornando-se um fator importante para a concorrência que se inaugura na nova ordem mundial. No entanto, tais transformações não foram capazes de superar antigas questões como a determinação do indivíduo mediante o trabalho, tampouco os processos de alienação decorrentes das atividades produtivas. Tais alterações também não foram capazes de superar as relações travadas entre indivíduos e mercadorias, visto que o fetiche contido nesta não apenas seguiu operando, mas ao longo da modernidade encontrou vários dispositivos técnicos que lhe conferiram maior eficácia, levando o indivíduo a novas relações de consumo e novas formas de se relacionar socialmente mediante a legitimação das mercadorias. No entanto, esta mesma modernidade também foi palco para diversas formas de resistência e conquistas para os trabalhadores que, através de diferentes formas de organizações, produziram alterações significativas nas relações trabalhistas através das lutas por melhores condições de trabalho, remuneração, direitos, entre outros. Encontramos ao longo da modernidade um indivíduo atuante, capaz de se organizar e, apesar de sua ação não haver superado antigas contradições do modelo econômico de produção, entendemos que estes seguem produzindo novas sínteses frente a realidade que lhes é apresentada, produzindo assim movimentos de resistência frente as incessantes tentativas de captura do modelo econômico
Capitalist mode of production has changed throughout modernity and at this historic period we could notice how production processes have moved from an organization Fordist form to another organization called post-Fordist according to the growing immaterial labor, which become an important factor competition to the new international order. However, such transformations have not been able to overcome old issues such as determining the individual through the work, nor the processes of alienation resulting from productive activities. Such changes have not been able to overcome the relationships between individuals and goods waged since the fetish contained in this operating not followed, but over the modernity found several technical devices that gave it more effectively, leading the individual to new consumer relations and new ways of interacting socially through the goods legitimization. However, the same modernity also played many forms of resistance and victories to the workers, who have produced significant changes in labor relations through the struggle for better work conditions, compensation, rights, among others. Throughout modernity we found an individual active, able to organize and, despite its action will not have solved the contradictions of the old economic model of production, we understand that they continue to produce new syntheses facing the reality that is presented, thus producing resistance movements front of incessant attempts to capture the economic model
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Afonso, Roseli de Cássia [UNESP]. "O professor e o lúdico na educação infantil: um estudo das concepções sobre o brincar em histórias de vida." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97670.
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afonso_rc_me_assis.pdf: 397273 bytes, checksum: 22d95678ddb710bf28431e82c7c5a4e6 (MD5)Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal investigar as concepções que professoras de Educação Infantil têm sobre o lúdico, e verificar quais são os aspectos da história de vida dessas professoras que influenciaram suas concepções sobre o brincar. Para realizar esse estudo partimos do pressuposto que o desenvolvimento pessoal, social e intelectual do indivíduo, ocorre a partir da apropriação de conhecimentos e dos processos de ensino-aprendizagem, inseridos num contexto sócio-cultural. Por isso, para nosso estudo, privilegiamos o referencial teórico constituído pelas contribuições de Gilles Brougère, Lev Vygotsky e Antonio Nóvoa. Investimos em uma pesquisa de caráter qualitativo e qual a metodologia utilizada para a coleta de dados foi orientada pela busca da história de vida das participantes. O trabalho de campo incluiu entrevistas, semi-estruturadas com sete professoras da Educação Infantil, de duas cidades do interior do Estado do Paraná. Os dados foram organizados a partir das categorias infância vivida, opção pela profissão, percursos da carreira e atividades lúdicas com as crianças. Seguindo essas mesmas categorias, analisamos os dados e evidenciamos as concepções das professoras sobre o brincar em distintos aspectos. Acreditamos que as marcas deixadas pela infância influenciaram na concepção lúdica e na decisão profissional da maioria das professoras entrevistadas; bem como nas atividades lúdicas que aplicam com as crianças no contexto educacional. Para algumas professoras o brincar aparece como recurso pedagógico e significa mais do que uma simples diversão, sob o argumento de que, na brincadeira, a criança pode expressar-se, desenvolver-se, interagir e aprender.
The most important objectives of this research were investigating the teacher conceptions about the play in Primary Education and verify the features of the teachers` life history that had influenced their conceptions about the play. In order to fulfill this paper, we believe that the human being personal, social and intellectual development happens from the person`s knowledge and from the learning-teaching process inserted in a social and cultural context. Because of that, in our paper, we had privileged the theorical reference given by Gilles Brougère, Lev Vygotsky and Antonio Nóvoa. We had made a research in a quantitative feature, in which the utilized methodology to collect the datos was orientated by searching the participants` history of life. The campus work included an interview with seven teachers from Primary School from two cities in Paraná`s countryside. The datos were organized from childhood history, jobþs choise and course, and fanny activities with the children. Following these cathegories, we analysed the datos and the teachers` conceptions about the play in different aspects. We believe that the childhood marks had influenced the funny conception, and the job`s choise from the majority of the teachers who were interviewed, and it had influenced as well the funny activities that these teachers use with the children. For some teachers the play is a pedagogical research and means more than a simple entertainment moment because they believe that the child can express, develop, interact and learn when he/she is playing. Other teachers think that the play can be considered as a secondary function in the educational context, they consider that the play is only for pleasure and rest.
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Medeiros, Fabio Henrique [UNESP]. "Caracterização da deposição atmosférica e aporte de espécies químicas no principal corpo aquático da cidade de São José do Rio Preto, SP." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97770.
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medeiros_fh_me_sjrp.pdf: 1798469 bytes, checksum: 494d9fc9ab81d5ac6ffcb3813a9a357c (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A atmosfera tem grande importância no transporte e distribuição de elementos oriundos de atividades naturais ou antrópicas, sobre a superfície terrestre, sendo a deposição atmosférica o principal processo de ciclagem dos compostos químicos entre os compartimentos ambientais. A cidade de São José do Rio Preto (SJRP) possui um pequeno parque industrial, conta com a presença de duas rodovias de grande tráfego, a rodovia Washington Luís (SP-310) e a rodovia Transbrasiliana (BR-153), e em termos agrícolas a região é responsável por 12% da produção de etanol do estado, e destacando-se também, em menor quantidade, o cultivo da laranja e de pastagens. Neste contexto o objetivo deste trabalho foi a caracterização de espécies químicas na deposição atmosférica total (DT) e deposição atmosférica apenas úmida (DU) da cidade de SJRP visando avaliar a contribuição da mesma como fonte destes compostos para o rio Preto. Um total de 103 amostras de DT e 96 de DU foram coletadas para o período de março de 2009 a setembro de 2010. A amostragem, preservação e quantificação de Al, Sb, As, Ba, Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn, K+, NH4 +, PO4 3-, NO3 -, SO4 2-, pH, C.E. e TOC (Carbono Orgânico Total) foram realizadas seguindo recomendações de métodos oficiais. Os resultados obtidos e expressos como média ponderada pelo volume (MPV) para as amostras de DT e de DU foram maiores no período de safra da cana-de-açúcar para Ni (0,53 e 0,44 µg L-1), Al (63 e 28 µg L-1), Pb (0,88 e 0,66 µg L-1), Ba (4,67 e 3,20 µg L-1), Zn (9,21 e 5,50 µg L-1), K+ (0,68 e 0,17 mg L-1), NH4 + (1,31 e 0,38 mg L-1), SO4 2- (5,99 e 4,70 mg L-1), PO4 3- (3,08 e 0,48 mg L-1) e NO3 - (0,94 e 0,40 mg L-1). Destaca-se para o Cr a maior MPV nas amostras de DT também no período de safra da cana-de-açúcar (0,33 µg L-1), já para as amostras de DU o valor de MPV para ambos os períodos...
The atmosphere plays a very important role in transport and distribution of elements from natural and anthropogenic activities on the earth. The atmospheric deposition is the main process through which chemical compounds present in the atmosphere can be reintroduced to other environmental compartments. The city of São José do Rio Preto (SJRP) has a small industrial park, and two highways, Washington Luís (SP-310) and Transbrasiliana (Br-153), and in agricultural terms it is responsible for 12% of the ethanol production in the state of São Paulo, and in smaller proportion stand the orange crop and pasture. In this context the objective of this work was the characterization of the chemical species in the bulk (BD) and wet only (WD) deposition of SJRP city to evaluate the contribution of deposition as a diffuse source of compounds for the Preto river. A total of 103 bulk and 96 wet-only samples were collected for the period of March 2009 to September 2010. The sampling, preservation and quantification of Al, Sb, As, Ba, Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, K e Zn, NH4 +, PO4 3-, NO3 -, SO4 2-, pH, E.C. and TOC were performed in accordance with official methods recommendations. The results obtained and expressed as volume-weighted mean concentration (VWM) was higher for the sugar cane harvest period for BD and WD for Ni (0.53 and 0.44 µg L-1), Al (63 and 28 µg L-1), Pb (0.88 and 0.66 µg L-1), Ba (4.67 and 3.20 µg L-1), Zn (9.21 and 5.50 µg L-1), K+ (0.68 and 0.17 mg L-1), NH4 + (1.31 and 0.38 mg L-1), SO4 2- (5.99 and 4.70 mg L-1), PO4 3- (3.08 and 0.48 mg L-1) and NO3 - (0.94 and 0.40 mg L-1). The highest Cr VWM (0.33 µg L-1) in the bulk samples was also observed for the sugar cane harvest period, but with regard to the WOD samples the VWM for both periods was the same (0.13 µg L-1). For Cu, TOC and NPOC the highest VWM was observed for the sugar cane harvest period, for the BD samples... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Vallejo, Adriana Cossu [UNESP]. "Síntese, caracterização e estudo do comportamento térmico dos 3-metoxibenzoatos de Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) e Zn(II), no estado sólido." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97870.
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vallejo_ac_me_araiq.pdf: 1314606 bytes, checksum: 9084e976dd76f4395ce5d0d66da81dba (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Os 3-metoxibenzoatos de Mn (II), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II) e de Zn (II), foram preparados fazendo-se reagir os respectivos carbonatos básicos com ácido 3-metoxibenzoico, ambos em suspensão aquosa à temperatura de ebulição. Os compostos assim obtidos foram estudados através da complexometria com EDTA, Termogravimetria (TG) e difratometria de raios X pelo método do pó. As curvas TG foram obtidas em atm de ar sintético e em cadinho de Pt para a amostra e referencia. Os resultados obtidos por termogravimetria (TG), complexometria com EDTA, possibilitaram estabelecer a estequiometria e o grau de hidratação dos compostos, que apresentaram fórmula geral: M(3-MeO-BZ) 2 nH2O com n= 0,5; 1,0;1,5 e 2,0. As curvas TG também permitiram verificar a estabilidade térmica, bem como o processo de decomposição térmica, destes compostos. Os difratogramas de raios X, pelo método do pó, mostraram que todos os compostos possuem estrutura cristalina, com exceção do composto níquel, obtidos no estado não cristalino.
The 3-methoxybenzoates of Mn (II), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II) and Zn (II) were prepared by reacting the respective basic carbonates with methoxybenzoates acid, both in aqueous suspension in a heating temperature. The compounds therefore obtained were studied by complexometric (EDTA), thermogravimetry, derivative thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG. DTG, DTA) and X-Ray diffractometry. The curves (TG) were obtained in atmosphere synthetic air and in Platinum crucible as samples and references. The results obtained by thermogravimetry (TG) and complexometric (EDTA) enabled to establish the stoichiometry and the hydration degree of these compounds which presented the general formula: M(3-MeO-BZ)2 nH2O with n=0,5; 1,0; 1,5 and 2,0. Also the curves (TG) permitted to verify as the thermal stability as the decomposition process of these compounds. The X-Ray powder patterns made possible to show that all the compounds had crystalline structure, except the Nickel (II) compound, shapeless by itself.
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Martinelli, Fernanda Rodrigues [UNESP]. "Cinchonaínas - método cromatográfico e produção de padrões para contrôle de qualidade de extratos polares de catuaba (Trichilia catigua Adr. Juss.)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97970.
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martinelli_fr_me_araiq.pdf: 2429715 bytes, checksum: 195dabf2850602f4ee50e19bafc2de9a (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A espécie Trichilia catigua, é uma árvore de 3 a 5 metros de altura, de distribuição ampla nos países da América do Sul, é conhecida como catuaba ou catiguá ou Angelim rosa, é utilizada popularmente como tônico mental e físico e especialmente como estimulante sexual. Cinchonaínas A e B foram escolhidas como marcadores químicos para a padronização do extrato hidroalcóolico de cascas de catuaba por serem as substâncias majoritárias desse extrato e também possuírem atividades antioxidante e antibacteriana. Como os padrões de cinchonaínas ainda não são comercializados foi realizado, neste trabalho, o isolamento, identificação, determinação de pureza absoluta e estudo de estabilidade destes compostos para que possam ser utilizados adequadamente como padrões de trabalho. A purificação das cinchonaínas foi feita em CLAE preparativo, utilizando coluna de fase reversa C18 e gradiente linear de CH3COOH (0,1%) em H2O/MeOH e a identificação foi realizada através da análise dos espectros de massas de alta resolução e RMN de 1H e 13C. Foram realizados também estudos de estabilidade em solução para cinchonaína A, B e extrato hidroalcóolico da casca de catuaba em diferentes condições de armazenamento. Os estudos de estabilidade acelerada foram realizados de acordo com RE 398 da ANVISA em condições de temperatura (40ºC) e umidade (75% UR). Estes estudos indicaram que os padrões de cinchonaína A e B são estáveis quando mantidos secos sob condições ambientais, com prazo de validade estimado de dois anos. No entanto, em solução hidrometanólica (MeOH:H2O 1:1) ocorre rápida oxidação com formação das di - orto – quinonas, indicando que as soluções mães desses padrões não podem ser estocados por mais de 1 dia. O estudo de estabilidade em solução, mostrou que o perfil cromatográfico das soluções hidroalcóolicas da planta não apresentou...
Trichilia catigua, is a tree which grows 6.56 to 13.12 feet, widely distributed in South America, and is known as catuaba, catiguá or Angelim renders rose-colored and is popular used as mental and physical tonic and especially as sexual stimulant. Cinchonains A and B were chosen as chemical markers to standardize the extract in focus due the major concentration of those substances in the hydroalcoholic extract from bark of catuaba and also due to antioxidant and anti bacterial activities related to them. Since the cinchonains standards are not commercialized, we had to perform the isolation, identification, absolute purity and stability study of these compounds, so that they could be properly used as standards. The cinchonains purification was performed in HPLC using preparative C-18 reverse phase column and H2O/MeOH as solvent, by running a linear gradient. The identification was obtained through high resolution mass spectrum and 1H e 13C NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance). Stability studies were executed in solution of cinchonain A, B and hydroalcoholic extract from bark of catuaba in different storage conditions. The accelerated stability studies were performed according to RE 398, November 12nd of 2004 - ANVISA under temperature of 40 °C and humidity of 75% UR. These studies indicated that standards of cinchonain A and B are stable when they are dried and kept under ambient conditions, having a shelf life estimated of two years. However, in hydromethanol solution (MeOH:H2O 1:1), rapid oxidation occurs leading to di-orthoquinones formation, indicating that stock standards solutions cannot be stored more than 1 day. The stability study on solution showed that the chromatographic profile of the plant hydroalcoholic solution did not present alteration within 7 days, indicating that samples can be prepared and stored during this period. The parameters... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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McEnaney, Kenneth. "Thermoelectrics and aerogels for solar energy conversion systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/97770.
Abstract:
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 115-124).
Concerns about climate change, the world's growing energy needs, and energy independence are driving demand for solar energy conversion technologies. Solar thermal electricity generation has the potential to ll this demand. Solar thermal technology could also be used to displace fossil fuels in applications which require heat as an input. This thesis addresses the potential of two solar thermal technologies: solar thermoelectric generators and aerogel-based solar thermal receivers. Thermoelectrics are materials which produce a voltage when subjected to a temperature gradient. In a solar thermoelectric generator (STEG), sunlight heats one end of the thermoelectric materials, generating a voltage across the device. The voltage can be connected to a load and useful work can be extracted. By adding optical concentration and using higher-temperature materials, the power output and energy conversion eciency of STEGs can be increased. In this work, segmented thermoelectric generators (TEGs) made of bismuth telluride and skutterudite alloys are modeled, optimized, built, and tested. These TEGs achieve a heat-to-electricity conversion efficiency of 10.7% at a hot side of 550° C, the highest TEG eciency reported in this temperature range. From these TEGs, STEGs are built which achieve a sunlight-to-electricity conversion eciency of 5.7% at less than 60 suns, higher than the best reported literature values in this concentration range. With further improvements, it is projected that these STEGs will achieve 10% eciency at 100 suns. In any type of solar thermal system, heat losses from the system must be suppressed to achieve high eciency. Aerogels, which are stable ultra-low density foams, can suppress radiative and convective losses. It is shown that aerogel-based solar thermal receivers can increase the eciency of traditional solar thermal electricity and hot water generation. These results can help advance the field and expand the scope of solar thermal technologies.
by Kenneth McEnaney.
Ph. D.
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Rosenbaum, Eric (Eric Ross). "Explorations in musical tinkering." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/97970.
Abstract:
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 171-174).
This thesis introduces the idea of "musical tinkering," exploring how to engage people in playfully creating and experimenting with their own musical instruments and compositions. I discuss the design and study of two new tools for musical tinkering, MelodyMorph and MaKey MaKey. MelodyMorph is an iPad app for making musical compositions on the screen. MaKey MaKey is an invention kit that lets you transform everyday objects into physical-digital musical instruments. Two themes of musical tinkering, the loop and the map, are woven throughout this thesis. Loops are feedback processes. They range in scope from rapid iterative design, through interpersonal interaction and creative emergence, to longer-term personal transformation. Maps are active visualizations. We use them to externalize our thought processes, and we fluidly manipulate them as we tinker, linking graphical or tangible symbols to musical sounds. I use loops and maps as the basis for design concepts for musical tinkering tools and to analyze musical tinkering as a learning process. I present case studies of middle school students tinkering as they use MelodyMorph to compose musical stories, reconstruct tunes from video games, and make musical cartoons. I also present case studies of MaKey MaKey, showing how people have used it to tinker with music "in the wild," in my own workshops, and in the work of other educators. Through these case studies I characterize musical tinkering using the concepts of musical landscape-making, musical backtalk, and musical inquiry. I show that loops and maps intertwine in the processes of collaborative emergence, inventing new maps for new instruments, and tinkering with musical ideas and musical attitudes. Finally, I conclude with visions for remaking the landscape of musical tinkering in the future.
by Eric Rosenbaum.
Ph. D.
20
Pho, Susanna Wansan. "Kipple kaboodle : reincarnating California city." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/97270.
Abstract:
Thesis: M. Arch., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2015.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 106).
California City is a superlative shrinking suburb. Situated deep in the Mojave Desert, the conditions that typically spur suburban shrinkage are exaggerated here. As such, the city provides a singular opportunity to comment on the decline of the road-centric, single family house dominated town typology within a specific context. This thesis examines the decaying suburban condition and proposes an architectural intervention that embraces a city's collapse as analogous to death and imagines a reincarnated future. It addresses the notion that shrinkage must be either reversed or ameliorated and instead proposes that it be amplified and radicalized. The architectural proposal is activated at two scales: that of the landscape (or kaboodle) and that of the individual belonging (or kipple). As the town grapples with death on a suburban scale, it encounters deeply personal questions as an entire community. What does it mean when a city dies? How do those who must remain grieve, come to terms with their loss, and move on? What becomes of the corpse? The stuff of the suburb is examined in depth as the psyche of California City and given architectural agency as the means by which the town is destroyed, reconstituted and rebirthed anew. As it is abandoned, salvaged, catalogued, and transformed, this suburban discharge slowly transforms the reincarnated city into an archival catalog of a previous being: an enclavic representation of what was lost.
by Susanna Wansan Pho.
M. Arch.
21
Wei, Shiyu M. Arch Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Let's meet at the Civic Center!" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/97370.
Abstract:
Thesis: M. Arch., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 129).
The town halt as a type of architecture has become so prevalent that the term has been used to describe the activities that go on inside - namely, social gatherings of the public for purposes of discussion, question, and feedback to the governing body. The archetypes of the town hall, in the 12th century Italy, or 17th century New England, functioned not only as the municipal headquarters with offices and courts, but also in some cases included markets, church, warehouse, museum, pub, etc. Most importantly, it functioned as a meeting place for the public. However, as an architecture typology, the town hall does not scale as the municipality expands. The administrative parts of the town hall can grow or multiply proportionally with the population, but the public functions that were originally embedded in the architecture were either pushed out into the large plaza outside of the city hall, or disappeared entirely. This thesis project seeks to re-establish the ideologies of democracy manifested through the architectural typology of the town hall in New York City's Civic Center through creating small spaces for social discourse.
by Shiyu Wei.
M. Arch.
22
Akotey, Oscar Joseph. "The impact of microinsurance on household welfare in Ghana." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97070.
Abstract:
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Microinsurance services have been operating in Ghana for the last decade, but the question whether they have enhanced the welfare of low-income households, mostly in the informal sector, is largely unresearched. In particular the study asks: does microinsurance improve the welfare of households through asset retention, consumption smoothing and inequality reduction? This question has been examined through the use of the 2010 FINSCOPE survey which contains in-depth information on 3 642 households across the rural and urban settings of the country. In order to control for selection bias and endogeneity bias, Heckman sample selection, instrumental variable and treatment effect models were employed for the evaluation. The results of the assessment have been compiled into four empirical essays. The first essay investigates the impact of microinsurance on household asset accumulation. The findings show that microinsurance has a positive welfare impact in terms of household asset accumulation. This suggests that microinsurance prevents asset pawning and liquidation of essential household assets at ‘give away’ prices. By absorbing the risk of low-income households, insurance equips them to cope effectively with risk, empowers them to escape poverty and sustains the welfare gains achieved. The second essay examines the impact of microinsurance on consumption smoothing. It delves into the capacity of microinsurance to enable households to avoid costly risk-coping methods which are detrimental to health and well-being. The results reveal that insured households are less likely to reduce the daily intake of meals, which is an indication that microinsurance is a better option for managing consumption smoothing among low-income households. The third essay investigates the effect of microinsurance on households’ asset inequality. The findings indicate that the asset inequality of insured households is less than that of uninsured households. Insured female-headed households have much lower asset inequality than male-headed households, but uninsured female-headed households are worse off than both uninsured and insured male-headed households. The regional trend reveals that developmental gaps impede the capacity of microinsurance to bridge the asset inequality gap. The fourth essay asks: Does microcredit improve the well-being of low-income households in the absence of microinsurance? The findings show a weak influence of microcredit on household welfare. However households using microcredit in combination with microinsurance derive significant gains in terms of welfare improvement. Microcredit may be good, but its real benefits to the poor is best realised if the poverty trapping risks are covered with microinsurance. To this extent, combining microcredit with microinsurance will empower the poor to make a sustainable exit from poverty. The findings of this thesis have pertinent policy implications for the government, the development community and stakeholders in the insurance industry. Microinsurance is a good instrument for improving the welfare of households and thus this research recommends its integration into the poverty reduction strategy of Ghana and a greater insurance inclusion for the lower end of the market.
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Mukwevho, Vuledzani Oral. "The Harlequin ladybeetle Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in the Western Cape Province, South Africa: effects on arthropods in urban, agricultural and natural ecosystems." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97870.
Abstract:
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Invasive arthropod predators are one of the largest and most diverse groups of invasive insects in the world. Many are generalist predators, with cosmopolitan distributions due to their use as biological control agents in agriculture. Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), an invasive arthropod predator species native to Asia, which now has a world-wide distribution. It is considered one of the most successful biological control predator species and is generally considered to be economically beneficial. However, negative effects have recently emerged in agricultural and natural systems. Harmonia axyridis poses a threat to biodiversity as it outcompetes native species for food resources. It can also feed directly on native predatory arthropods that disrupt natural ecosystem processes. Their movement in-and-out of agricultural landscapes may depend on food availability with natural vegetation alongside agricultural areas often utilised for refuge and alternative food resources. This beetle has also been recorded in urban areas. The aim of this study was to determine how the invasive H. axyridis beetle uses the local landscape in the Western Cape province, South Africa, and to determine its threat to native species. I sampled urban landscapes, vineyards, natural vegetation/vineyard edge zones and pristine natural areas for arthropods every second month using a suction sampler. Data collected included the abundance and diversity of H. axyridis, herbivores, local predators and non-Harmonia ladybeetles. Most H. axyridis were collected in urban areas during all sampling periods. Highest abundance was recorded in May and July (winter). This indicates that urban areas were the preferred landscape feature and that these act as ovipositing areas, particularly as larval H. axyridis were also only collected in urban areas. Significantly, vineyards and natural vegetation had very low abundance of H. axyridis, questioning their value as a biological control agent in this region. Harmonia axyridis had a negative effect on the overall local arthropod community, as well as the predator and herbivore guilds, although it was positively correlated with the abundance of non-Harmonia ladybeetles. This suggests that H. axyridis and non-Harmonia ladybeetles are responding to the same resources in these landscapes. A negative correlation found between H. axyridis and the abundance of predators is most likely due to competition for the same resources (e.g. prey items). These negative impacts, along with their negligible value as biological control agents in agriculture, suggest that a programme should be implemented to control this invasive species. More specifically, control should be aimed in urban areas during winter when and where the species aggregates and when larvae are present.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geleedpotige roofdiere is een van die grootste en mees diverse groepe van uitheemse insekte in die wêreld. Die meeste is veelsydige roofdiere, met wêreldwye verspreiding te danke aan hul gebruik as biologiese beheer agente in landbou gebiede. Byvoorbeeld, Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), 'n indringer geleedpotige roofdier spesies inheems aan Asië, het nou 'n wêreldwye verspreiding. Dit word beskou as die mees suksesvolle roofdier spesies wat gebruik word vir biologiese beheer en word oor die algemeen beskou as ekonomies voordelig. Negatiewe effekte was onlangs aangeteken beide in landbou gebiede en natuurlike areas. Harmonia axyridis hou 'n bedreiging in vir inheemse biodiversiteit as dit inheemse spesies uitkompeteer vir voedsel bronne. Dit kan ook direk voed op plaaslike roofsugtige geleedpotiges wat trofiese vlakke ontwrig en uiteindelik, biodiversiteit. Hulle beweging in-en-uit landbou landskappe kan gekoppel word aan die beskikbaarheid van voedsel, en gebruik natuurlike plantegroei langs landbou gebiede dikwels as 'n toevlugs oord en area vir alternatiewe voedsel bronne. Harmonia axyridis word ook in stedelike gebiede aangeteken. Die doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal hoe die indringer Harlekynkewer die plaaslike landskap gebruik met die fokus op wingerde in die Wes-Kaap provinsie van Suid-Afrika, en tweedens om die bedreiging wat hierdie kewer moontlik vir inheemse spesies te bepaal. Ek het arthropoda in stedelike landskappe, wingerde, natuurlike plantegroei / wingerd rand sones en ongerepte natuurlike areas elke twee maande met behulp van 'n D-vac versamel. Monsters was ontleed deur gebruik te maak van die getalle van H. axyridis, herbivore, plaaslike roofdiere en nie-Harmonia liewenheers kewers. Die meeste H. axyridis was in stedelike gebiede versamel gedurende al die seisoene, maar meeste individue was gedurende Mei en Julie (winter) versamel. Hierdie toon dat stedelike gebiede die voorkeur-landskappe is vir hierdie kewers en dat hierdie gebiede opgetree as eierleggende gebiede, veral omdat larwes van H. axyridis slegs in hierdie gebiede aangeteken was. Wingerde en die natuurlike plantegroei het baie lae getalle H. axyridis gehuisves wat hul waarde as biobeheermiddel bevraagteken. Harmonia axyridis het 'n negatiewe uitwerking op die algehele plaaslike geleedpotige gemeenskappe gehad, asook op die die roofdier en herbivoor gildes, maar hul getalle was positief gekorreleer met die getalle van nie-Harmonia liewenheerskewers. Dit dui daarop dat H. axyridis en nie-Harmonia liewenheerskewers beide reageer op dieselfde hulpbronne in hierdie landskappe. 'n Negatiewe korrelasie was gevind tussen die getalle van H. axyridis en die getalle van ander predatoriese geleedpotiges at waarskynlik te danke was aan mededinging tussen hierdie groepe vir dieselfde hulpbronne (bv prooi). Hierdie negatiewe invloede, asook hul verminderde waarde as biobeheeragente in die landbou, dui daarop dat 'n program in werking gestel moet word om hierdie indringerspesies te beheer. Meer spesifiek, beheer moet gedurende die winter en in stedelike gebiede geskied, waar en wanneer hierdie spesie op sy volopste is en waar larwes teenwoordig is.
24
Olivier, Francois. "Evaluating the potential of ultraviolet irradiation for the disinfection of microbiologically polluted irrigation water." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97970.
Abstract:
Thesis (MSc Food Sc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Fresh produce irrigation water from Western Cape Rivers carries faecal coliforms (FC) (Escherichia coli) at concentrations which often exceed the suggested limit of 1 000 FC per 100 mL and presents a health risk to consumers. On-farm ultraviolet (UV) irradiation presents several advantages for water disinfection but is an uncommon practice in South Africa. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of UV irradiation for river water disinfection prior to irrigation. Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains were exposed to low-pressure (LP) UV (4 mJ.cm-2) and UV/Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (4 mJ.cm-2/20 mg.L-1) treatments in Sterile Saline Solution (SSS). Strain variation in reductions was observed and ranged from 1.58 to 3.68 and 1.34 to 3.60 log for the UV and UV/H2O2 treatments, respectively. The UV/H2O2 treatment (4 mJ.cm-2/20 mg.L-1) was more effective, compared to UV singly, against some of the E. coli strains. Selected strains showed increased sensitivity at higher UV doses (8, 10 and 13 mJ.cm-2) and H2O2 concentrations (100 and 200 mg.L-1 with 4 mJ.cm-2) but a 3 log target reduction was not always reached. For all UV and UV/H2O2 treatments maximum resistance was shown by an environmental strain. Reference strains should, therefore, not be used for the optimisation of UV based disinfection parameters. At 10 mJ.cm-2 an American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) reference strain and an environmental strain (ATCC 25922 and F11.2) were both significantly less inactivated in sterilised river water compared to SSS. Enhanced water quality allowed for improved inactivation of the ATCC strain. Also, the efficiency of LP UV (5, 7 and 10 mJ.cm-2) and medium-pressure (MP) UV (13, 17 and 24 mJ.cm-2) radiation was investigated using water from the Plankenburg River. Water was sampled and treated on three respective days (Trials 1 to 3). Physico-chemical and microbiological water quality was always poor. The FC concentration reached a maximum of 6.41 log cfu.100 mL-1 while UV transmission was always below 38%. For LP and MP UV irradiation increased doses resulted in increased disinfection but a 3 log reduction of FC was only attained when MP UV light was used in Trial 1. Disinfection efficiency was dependent on water quality and on the characteristics of the microbial population in the water. Since FC were never reduced to below 3 log cfu.100 mL-1, the water did not adhere to guidelines for produce irrigation. Photo-repair following irradiation was investigated in river water using MP UV doses of 13 and 24 mJ.cm-2 and 3.5 kLux reactivating light, initially. Ultraviolet transmission was close to 50% and total coliform (TC) reduction exceeded 3 log, even at 13 mJ.cm-2. However, TC were reactivated from below 1 000 cfu.100.mL-1 to 3.93 and 4.41 log cfu.100 mL-1 for the 13 and 24 mJ.cm-2 treatments, respectively. A higher MP dose (40 mJ.cm-2) and a different treatment regime (2 x 20 mJ.cm-2) inhibited photo-repair (compared to 13 and 24 mJ.cm-2) but TC were always recovered to a final concentration surpassing 3 log cfu.100 mL-1, even under lower light intensities (1.0 to 2.0 kLux). In the current study UV irradiation did not produce water of acceptable standards for produce irrigation, mainly as a result of extremely poor water quality. However, on farm-scale, UV efficiency could be enhanced by improving water quality before irradiation. Also, stronger lamps that deliver higher UV doses may result in adequate disinfection, irrespective of water quality. Higher UV doses and the use of combination treatments (such as UV/Chlorine and UV/Peracetic acid) should be further investigated also to determine its disinfection efficiency and possible capability to inhibit post-disinfection repair.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Varsproduk besproeiingswater vanuit Wes-Kaapse riviere bevat fekale kolivorme (FK) (Escherichia coli) in konsentrasies wat dikwels die voorgestelde limiet van 1 000 FK per 100 mL oorskry en hou `n gesondheidsrisiko vir verbruikers in. Plaasvlak ultraviolet (UV) bestraling bied verskeie voordele met verwysing na water dekontaminering, maar word selde aangewend in Suid-Afrika. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die gebruik van UV bestraling vir die dekontaminering van rivierwater, voor besproeiing, te ondersoek. Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolate is blootgestel aan lae-druk (LD) UV (4 mJ.cm-2) en UV/Waterstofperoksied (H2O2) (4 mJ.cm-2/20 mg.L-1) behandelings in Steriele Sout Oplossing (SSO). Isolaat variasie in reduksies is waargeneem en het gewissel tussen 1.58 tot 3.68 en 1.34 tot 3.60 log vir die UV en UV/H2O2 behandelings, onderskeidelik. In vergelyking met UV bestraling alleen was die UV/H2O2 behandeling (4 mJ.cm-2/20 mg.L-1) meer effektief teen sommige E. coli isolate. Geselekteerde isolate was meer sensitief tot hoër UV dosisse (8, 10 en 13 mJ.cm-2) en H2O2 konsentrasies (100 en 200 mg.L-1 met 4 mJ.cm-2), maar `n 3 log teikenreduksie was nie altyd haalbaar nie. Vir alle UV en UV/H2O2 behandlinge was die meeste weerstand deur `n omgewingsisolaat gebied. Verwysingsisolate behoort daarom nie aangewend te word vir die optimisering van UV-gebaseerde behandelingsparameters nie. By 10 mJ.cm-2 was beide `n ATCC verwysingsisolaat en `n omgewingsisolaat (ATCC 25922 en F11.2) betekenisvol minder gedeaktiveer in rivierwater as in SSO. Verbeterde waterkwaliteit het verhoogde inaktivering van die ATCC isolaat toegelaat. Die doeltreffendheid van LD UV (5, 7 en 10 mJ.cm-2) en medium-druk (MD) UV (13, 17 en 24 mJ.cm-2) bestraling is ook ondersoek deur watermonsters vanuit die Plankenburg Rivier te gebruik. Watermonsters was getrek en behandel op drie verskillende dae (Proewe 1 tot 3). Fisies-chemiese en mikrobiologiese kwaliteit van die water was deurentyd swak. Die FK konsentrasie het `n maksimum van 6.41 log kve.100 mL-1 bereik terwyl UV transmissie altyd laer as 38% was. Vir beide LD en MD UV bestraling het verhoogde dosisse gelei tot verbeterde dekontaminering, maar `n 3 log reduksie is slegs bereik toe MD UV lig gebruik is in Proef 1. Die effektiwiteit van die behandelings was afhanklik van waterkwaliteit en die eienskappe van die mikrobiese populasie in die water. Aangesien FK nooit tot onder 3 log kve.100 mL-1 verminder is nie het die water nie voldoen aan riglyne vir varsproduk-besproeiing nie. Fotoherstel na bestraling was ondersoek in rivierwater deur aanvanklik gebruik te maak van MD UV dosisse van 13 en 24 mJ.cm-2 en 3.5 kLux heraktiverende lig. Ultraviolettransmissie het byna 50% bereik en reduksie van totale kolivorme (TK) het 3 log oorskry, selfs by 13 mJ.cm-2. Totale kolivorme was egter geheraktiveer van onder 1 000 kve.100.mL-1 tot 3.93 en 4.41 log kve.100 mL-1 vir die 13 en 24 mJ.cm-2 behandelings, onderskeidelik. In vergelyking met 13 en 24 mJ.cm-2 het `n hoër MD dosis (40 mJ.cm-2) en `n veranderde bestralingstegniek (2 x 20 mJ.cm-2) fotoherstel onderdruk, maar TK was in elke geval geheraktiveer tot `n finale konsentrasie hoër as 3 log kve.100 mL-1, selfs onder laer intensiteit lig (1.0 tot 2.0 kLux). In hierdie ondersoek het UV bestraling nie water van aanvaarbare standaarde vir varsproduk besproeiing gelewer nie, hoofsaaklik as gevolg van swak waterkwaliteit. Nietemin, op plaasvlak mag die effektiwiteit van UV bestraling verhoog word deur waterkwaliteit voor bestraling te verbeter. Die gebruik van sterker lampe, om hoër UV dosisse te produseer, mag verder bydra tot voldoende dekontaminasie, ongeag van waterkwaliteit. Hoër UV dosisse en die gebruik van kombinasie behandelinge (soos UV/Chloor en UV/Perasynsuur) moet ook verder ondersoek word om die dekontaminasie effektiwiteit, en vermoë daarvan om heraktivering na dekontaminering te onderdruk, vas te stel.
25
Vienings, Francois. "Conceptual services marketing framework for a segmented business to achieve maximum customer value." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97170.
Abstract:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.Relationship marketing is still in its infancy as a mainstream marketing concept, although it has established itself as an underlying paradigm in modern services marketing. Its importance is recognised to a growing extent with a call for organisations to move from a short-term transactional approach to a long-term relationship one (Kotler, 1992; Grönroos, 1994). From the interviews, it is clear that the directors support the findings in respect of the literature review that service marketing should be centred on the key concept that quality should form an integrated component of every step of the development and delivery of a service bundle and should be based on long-term customer relationship development. From the literature review, and with specific reference to the seven P’s marketing mix and relationship marketing approach, it can be delineated that service marketing practices are the combination of service-bundle development, pricing, process, promotion, place, people, physical evidence and the management of the relationship with the customer through the various relationship marketing practices. This conceptual framework will enable the Firm to categorise its marketing objectives and also to provide a clear description of how the marketing objectives identified will be achieved within a stated timeframe. Therefore, quality within the conceptual framework of marketing is measured through the perception of the customer primarily during two occurrences. The first is during any contact session between the customer and service provider or with one or more of the service provider’s employees and the second is when the service bundle is utilised. In the first instance referred to above, customer contact sessions provide the service provider with the opportunity to engage the customer by way of an interactive process in a social context, thus enhancing social bonds through relationship marketing. It has been accepted in the marketing industry that the relationship component is firmly underpinned by mutual trust. Where a service provider maintains strong trust relations with their customers, the relationships involved generally culminate both in the retention of the customer and in long-term profitability. The second determinant of service-bundle quality (product quality) requires from the service provider the skill and ability not only to develop a service bundle that meets the quality expectation of the customer, but which further extends to the ability of the service provider to ensure the recruitment of employees with the appropriate interpersonal skills, aptitude and service knowledge and to provide them with continuous training, leadership, coaching, development programmes and communication to ensure that they retain the skills and expertise to develop a professional service-bundle offering that meets the customers’ expectations. Consumers make judgements and deliver perceptions of the service provided based on that which is provided by those employees with whom they interact. Consequently, employees drive service value which, in turn, drives customer satisfaction and loyalty, resulting in increased revenue and profit (Hanna & Newman, 2007). It is, therefore, submitted that relationship marketing and quality control in development of the various service bundles by the professional service provider are essential if the Firm wants to obtain a form of competitive advantage over its competitors.
26
Engelbrecht, Leonie S. "Women on executive and board levels in South Africas finance sector : why so few." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97270.
Abstract:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study presents an empirical investigation that was conducted on why the number of women on executive and board levels in companies is not consistent with the number of women in the workforce. The barriers which women face in career progression were explored by focusing on three main themes, namely internal, societal and organisational barriers. The research method used to evaluate previous and current research was content analysis which provides a definitive correlation between current challenges that women face and how they have progressed over the past 20 years. The research further provides insight in what changes companies and government can incorporate to ensure that the gender gap is closed over time. Analysis shows that although the number of women on executive and board level has improved during the past ten to 15 years, it remains disconcertingly low. The type of barriers which hindered women from reaching the upper management positions some time ago, are still the same reasons that keep them in the lower ranks in the business. Findings have indicated that the strongest internal barrier is that women struggle to balance family obligations with the severe requirements of top positions in business. It was also found that some women do not perceive the male-dominated structures and discrimination in companies as a threat but rather see it as a challenge which strong women can overcome if they believe in and equip themselves. Although some companies have made progress in supporting women and invite women onto their boards and executive teams, the attempt is still not enough to close the gender gap. The present study concludes with recommendations on what women, male colleagues, companies and government bodies can do to increase the number of women on upper levels in the organisations.
27
Motau, Hlokammoni Grathel. "Determinants of unsecured lending : an empirical investigation of consumption, lending rates and deregulation in a South African context." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97470.
Abstract:
Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa has experienced a significant growth in household unsecured credit extension, igniting concerns around the potential negative impact of household indebtedness on the stability of the banking system. With the use of correlation and ordinary least squares, the study attempts to prove a relationship between growth in unsecured lending (dependent variable) and consumption, lending rates and de-regulation (independent variables). Although there is a correlation between growth in unsecured lending and interest rates, this was not statistically significant. The study also found a strong relationship between unsecured lending and the other independent variables. Due to income and wealth inequality exacerbated by the past political dispensations as well as continued rise in the cost of living, unsecured lending provides a source of supplementary income that allow households to smooth their consumption expenditure over their life-cycle. On a longerterm basis, the country needs to gear itself to focus primarily on channelling resources towards productive investments. Quality education and skills as well as a culture of entrepreneurship and wealth creation should be cultivated at a young age.
28
Venter, Madelein. "Monetizing online news consumption : exploring ways to generate income from an Afrikaanse regional newspaper's website." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97370.
Abstract:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Newspapers across the world, and more particularly here in South Africa, are in trouble due to dropping circulation figures and reduced income from advertisements. Technology, although impacting on the printed product, should not be seen as a threat, but rather as an opportunity. New and novel ways need to be explored to generate revenue from newspaper websites, by increased subscription figures, as well as other ways of monetizing content. Revenue from advertisements is still important in the online environment, but online news services can generate money in other ways by monetizing online news content through different payment models, advertorial content and e-commerce. In this study, the needs of users of an Afrikaans regional newspaper’s website will be explored and cues taken from the results of an online survey in order to better understand what it is that online news users want and what they are willing to pay for it, which is, by all accounts, not a lot.
29
Panariello, Beatriz Helena Dias. "Eficácia da imersão e da escovação mecânica combinada com diferentes agentes de limpeza de prótese na redução da viabilidade de biofilme multiespécies /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97270.
Abstract:
Orientador: Eunice Teresinha GiampaoloBanca: Ana Cláudia Pavarina
Banca: Cláudia Helena Lovato da Silva
Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a eficácia da escovação com diferentes agentes de limpeza para reduzir a viabilidade de um biofilme multiespécies em resinas acrílicas. Amostras de Lucitone 550 (L) e Tokuyama Rebase Fast II (T) (10 mm x 2 mm) foram preparadas, esterilizadas e inoculadas com uma suspensão de 107 células/mL de Candida albicans e Candida glabrata e de 108 células/mL de Streptococcus mutans. As amostras foram incubadas por 48 h a 37 °C para a formação do biofilme. Em seguida, foram divididas (n = 12) e submetidas à escovação ou imersão durante 10 s nas soluções: água destilada (A); ácido peracético 0,2% (Ac), digluconato de clorexidina 1% (Chx), solução água/dentifrício 1:1 (D), hipoclorito de sódio a 1% (NaOCl) e perborato de sódio (Pb). Os microrganismos viáveis foram avaliados por ensaio de XTT e contagem de colônias (ufc /mL). Os dados foram verificados por ANOVA e teste de Tukey com nível de significância de 5%. Neste estudo, a eficácia da remoção do biofilme foi aumentada pela escovação combinada com agentes químicos de limpeza, por outro lado, a imersão por 10 s em AC e NaOCl mostrou-se tão eficaz quanto a escovação em L e T. Este resultado é bastante interessante, pois a imersão nestes agentes de limpeza por um curto período poderia ser uma alternativa viável para a desinfecção de próteses de pacientes com dificuldades motoras para executar a escovação.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of brushing with different cleaning agents in reducing the viability of multispecies biofilm in acrylic resins. Lucitone 550 (L) and Tokuyama Rebase Fast II (T) specimens (10 mm x 2 mm) were prepared, sterilized and inoculated with a Candida albicans and Candida glabrata suspension of 107 cells/mL and a suspension of 108 cells/mL of Streptococcus mutans. Specimens were incubated for 48 h at 37°C for the biofilm formation. Then, they were divided (n=12) and subjected to brushing or immersion for 10 s in the solutions: distilled water (W), 0.2% peracetic acid (Ac), 1% chlorhexidine digluconate (Chx), 1:1 water/dentifrice solution (D), 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and sodium perborate (Pb). Viable microorganisms was evaluated by XTT assay and colony counts (cfu/mL). Data were performed by ANOVA and Tukey test with 5% significance level. In this study, the efficacy of biofilm removal was increased by brushing combined with chemical cleaning agents, on the other hand, immersion for 10 sec in NaOCl and AC has shown to be as effective as brushing for L and T. This result is quite interesting, inasmuch as immersion in these cleaning agents for a short period could be a viable alternative for prostheses disinfection of patients with motor disabilities to perform the brushing.
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Dória, Karolina Marie Alix Benedictte Van Sebroeck 1980. "Identificação e caracterização de um isolado do Hydrangea ringspot virus em hortênsia no Estado de São Paulo /." Botucatu : [s.d. ], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97170.
Abstract:
Resumo: A hortênsia é um arbusto semilenhoso muito apreciado como ornamental no Brasil. No Brasil podemos ressaltar a "Região das Hortênsias" no Sul do país, onde esta ornamental é utilizada em projetos de jardinagem em casas e rodovias. A cidade de Gramado têm a hortênsia como sua flor símbolo. No Estado de São Paulo, ela é comumente encontrada na Região de Campos do Jordão. Plantas de hortênsia apresentando anéis cloróticos e necróticos foram observadas por Yuki et al. (2005) em material proveniente de Arujá, estado de São Paulo. Transmissões por extrato vegetal permitiram a observação de lesões locais cloróticas em Chenopodium quinoa e Gomphrena globosa, indicando infecção causada por vírus. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo a identificação e caracterização da espécie viral presente nestas amostras. Inicialmente as amostras foram analisadas por microscopia eletrônica, onde puderam ser observadas partículas alongadas filamentosas, medindo cerca de 490 nm, indicando a provável presença de um potexvirus. Oligonucleotídeos específicos Hyd_senso e Hyd_anti_senso foram desenhados para o Hydrangea ringspot virus (HdRSV), um potexvirus encontrado comumente em países Europeus e nos Estados Unidos. O RNA total foi extraído pelo método de Bertheau et al. (1998), para posterior análise por RT-PCR utilizando-se estes oligonucleotídeos. Dois fragmentos, um em torno de 550 e outro de 250 nucleotídeos foram amplificados e purificados para realização do sequenciamento genético. Uma identidade de nucleotídeos de 96% e 88% para o fragmento maior e menor respectivamente foi observada para HdRSV (número de acesso AJ 707100.1), indicando tratar-se desta espécie viral. O HdRSV até então era uma praga exótica no Brasil, de forma que foi realizada comunicação ao Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, que emitiu parecer... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)Abstract: The hydrangea is an ornamental plant very appreciated in Brazil. In South of Brazil, this plant is used in projects for gardening in houses and highways. Hydrangea is the symbol of Gramado's city. In State of São Paulo this ornamental plant is commonly found in Campos do Jordão. Hydrangea plants showing leaves with chlorotic and necrotic rings were observed by Yuki (2005) in material proceeding from Arujá, State of São Paulo. Chlorotic local lesions were observed on Chenopodium quinoa and Gomphrena globosa, after sap transmission, indicating infection caused by virus. On electron microscope analysis, virus particles with 490 nm could be 4 visualized indicating infectin by a potexvirus. In order to identify the species of virus infecting these plants, specifics primers (Hyd_senso and Hyd_anti_senso) were design for Hydrangea ringspot virus (HdRSV), a potexvirus commonly found infecting hydrangea in Europe and United States. Total RNA was extracted following Bertheau et al., 1998 protocol's and the primers were used in RT-PCR. Two fragments, one around 550bp and another one of 250 nucleotides were amplified and sequenced. An identity of nucleotide of 96% and 88%, respectively, was observed for HdRSV (number of access AJ 707100.1), indicating that both fragments amplified were from the virus. As the HdRSV is an exotic pest in Brazil, the occurrence was notified to the Ministry of Agriculture (MAPA) that gave us the permission for publication this data (process 21052.015361/2007-08). To evaluate the dissemination of this virus in the matrices of hydrangea used in the commercial production in Brazil, 17 samples of the region of Arujá - SP were analysed for the presence of the virus. Eight of them were infected by virus, and the RT-PCR fragment from the varieties Azul Rendado, Azul LZR, Renat Blue, Rosa Japonesa, Rosita and Vermelho Comum were sequenced for analysis... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Renate Krause Sakate
Coorientador: Marcelo Agenor Pavan
Banca: Jorge Alberto Marques Rezende
Banca: Valdir Atsushi Yuki
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Afonso, Roseli de Cássia. "O professor e o lúdico na educação infantil : um estudo das concepções sobre o brincar em histórias de vida /." Assis : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97670.
Abstract:
Orientador: Mário Sérgio VasconcelosBanca: Elizabeth Piemonte Constantino
Banca: Raimunda Abou Gebran
Resumo: Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal investigar as concepções que professoras de Educação Infantil têm sobre o lúdico, e verificar quais são os aspectos da história de vida dessas professoras que influenciaram suas concepções sobre o brincar. Para realizar esse estudo partimos do pressuposto que o desenvolvimento pessoal, social e intelectual do indivíduo, ocorre a partir da apropriação de conhecimentos e dos processos de ensino-aprendizagem, inseridos num contexto sócio-cultural. Por isso, para nosso estudo, privilegiamos o referencial teórico constituído pelas contribuições de Gilles Brougère, Lev Vygotsky e Antonio Nóvoa. Investimos em uma pesquisa de caráter qualitativo e qual a metodologia utilizada para a coleta de dados foi orientada pela busca da história de vida das participantes. O trabalho de campo incluiu entrevistas, semi-estruturadas com sete professoras da Educação Infantil, de duas cidades do interior do Estado do Paraná. Os dados foram organizados a partir das categorias infância vivida, opção pela profissão, percursos da carreira e atividades lúdicas com as crianças. Seguindo essas mesmas categorias, analisamos os dados e evidenciamos as concepções das professoras sobre o brincar em distintos aspectos. Acreditamos que as marcas deixadas pela infância influenciaram na concepção lúdica e na decisão profissional da maioria das professoras entrevistadas; bem como nas atividades lúdicas que aplicam com as crianças no contexto educacional. Para algumas professoras o brincar aparece como recurso pedagógico e significa mais do que uma simples diversão, sob o argumento de que, na brincadeira, a criança pode expressar-se, desenvolver-se, interagir e aprender.
Abstract: The most important objectives of this research were investigating the teacher conceptions about the play in Primary Education and verify the features of the teachers' life history that had influenced their conceptions about the play. In order to fulfill this paper, we believe that the human being personal, social and intellectual development happens from the person's knowledge and from the learning-teaching process inserted in a social and cultural context. Because of that, in our paper, we had privileged the theorical reference given by Gilles Brougère, Lev Vygotsky and Antonio Nóvoa. We had made a research in a quantitative feature, in which the utilized methodology to collect the datos was orientated by searching the participants' history of life. The campus work included an interview with seven teachers from Primary School from two cities in Paraná's countryside. The datos were organized from childhood history, jobþs choise and course, and fanny activities with the children. Following these cathegories, we analysed the datos and the teachers' conceptions about the play in different aspects. We believe that the childhood marks had influenced the funny conception, and the job's choise from the majority of the teachers who were interviewed, and it had influenced as well the funny activities that these teachers use with the children. For some teachers the play is a pedagogical research and means more than a simple entertainment moment because they believe that the child can express, develop, interact and learn when he/she is playing. Other teachers think that the play can be considered as a secondary function in the educational context, they consider that the play is only for pleasure and rest.
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Oliveira, Ricardo Velozo Marcondes de. "Estudo da viabilidade energética de amortecedores regenerativos por indução com ênfase nos carros elétricos /." Guaratinguetá : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97070.
Abstract:
Orientador: José Geraldo Trani BrandãoCoorientador: Durval Luiz Silva Ricciulli
Banca: Francisco José Grandinetti
Banca: Carlos Alberto Chaves
Resumo: Os conhecidos automóveis elétricos tem seu desenvolvimento datado do início do século XIX, porém ainda não possuem a autonomia e o preço condizentes com a realidade da atual sociedade motora. Baseando-se na teoria desenvolvida no trabalho Estudo de amortecedores regenerativos por indução, que se objetiva na possibilidade teórica de geração de energia elétrica pelos amortecedores automotivos, o presente trabalho dá continuidade ao proposto com a finalidade de se verificar experimentalmente a exatidão deste método de referência e a viabilidade desta alternativa como sistema regenerativo para os carros elétricos, de modo a auxiliar sua autonomia e contribuir com o seu desenvolvimento sustentável. Assim, procura-se definir uma base de referência para que esta realidade seja mais promissora com o uso cotidiano de solicitação da suspensão do automóvel. Esta proposta vem inspirada também pela atual necessidade de que formas alternativas de geração de energia sejam exploradas, objetivando a administração sustentável dos combustíveis fósseis e o desenvolvimento da tecnologia de transporte. Salientando que sistemas regenerativos já são uma realidade nos dias atuais, como as células fotovoltaicas e o KERS já equipando alguns modelos. A análise e conclusão deste trabalho abre espaço para futuros estudos a fim de que os amortecedores produzam energia elétrica, e confirma a viabilidade desta proposta, com um potencial sustentável promissor para geração de energia limpa; esta energia pode ser armazenada e utilizada para regenerar baterias ou até mesmo acionar comandos elétricos, de modo a ser mais uma alternativa para os veículos que se utilizam de eletricidade, procurando balancear a oferta e demanda de energia para o transporte
Abstract: The electric cars have known its development dating from the early nineteenth century, but still lack the autonomy and the price commensurate with the reality of actual motor society. Based on the theory developed in the work "study regenerative shock induction", which aims at the theoretical possibility of generating electricity for automotive shock absorbers, this work continues to the one proposed in order to experimentally verify the accuracy of the reference method and viability of this alternative as a regenerative system for electric cars, in order to help their autonomy and contribute to its sustainable development. Thus we seek to establish a baseline so that this reality is more promising with the everyday use of the request for suspension of the car. This proposal is also inspired by the current call for alternative forms of energy generation, aiming at sustainable management of fossil fuels and transport technology development. It should be emphasized that regenerative systems, such as photovoltaic cells and the KERS already equipping some models are a reality today. The analysis and conclusion of this work paves the way for future studies so that the shock absorbers produce electricity, and confirm the viability of this proposal, with a promising potential for sustainable clean energy generation. This power generated can be stored and used to regenerate batteries or even to trigger electrical devices, besides being one more alternative to vehicles that use electricity, competing to balance the supply and energy demand for transports
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Miessi, Ana Carolina. "Avaliação da desadaptação e microdureza superficial de quatro resinas acrílicas para base de dentaduras utilizando métodos de polimerização e armazenagem em água /." Araçatuba, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97370.
Abstract:
Orientador: Marcelo Coelho GoiatoBanca: Adriana Cristina Zavanelli
Banca: Mauro Antônio de Arruda Nóbilo
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a desadaptação e a microdureza superficial de quatro tipos de resinas acrílicas para base de dentaduras, em função de período de armazenagem em água de seis meses. Foram confeccionados vinte e cinco conjuntos modelo de gesso-base de resina, utilizando-se quatro resinas acrílicas: QC-20 que foi submetida à polimerização convencional (de acordo com as instruções dos fabricantes) e por energia de microondas (840 W por três minutos), Vipi Cril submetida à polimerização convencional (fabricante), Vipi Wave e Onda Cryl que receberam polimerização por energia de microondas conforme as recomendações dos fabricantes. Após a polimerização, os conjuntos modelo de gesso-base de resina foram seccionados na região posterior correspondente a região de "post-dam" para a leitura da desadaptação, com auxílio de um microscópio comparador, em três pontos referenciais: crista dos rebordos direito e esquerdo e região mediana do palato. Os conjuntos seccionados foram, então, imersos em água destilada a 35 l 2ºC por período de noventa dias, após o qual uma segunda leitura da desadaptação foi realizada. Imediatamente, os conjuntos modelo-base de resina foram separados e a bases de resina retiradas para a remoção dos excessos grosseiros da borda até o limite estabelecido pelo modelo de gesso. Posteriormente, as bases de resina acrílica foram fixadas nos respectivos modelos com adesivo de presa rápida colocado na região correspondente à crista do rebordo alveolar e uma terceira leitura para analisar a desadaptação, nos pontos referenciais, foi realizada. Após a terceira leitura, os conjuntos ficaram novamente imersos em água destilada a 35 l 2ºC e armazenados em estufa por um período de mais noventa dias, findo o qual uma quarta leitura nos pontos previamente demarcados foi...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The aim of this work was to evaluate the missfitting and the superficial microhardness of four acrylic resins types for dentures base due to storage period in six months water. 25 model sets of resin plaster-base have been confectioned using four acrylic resins: QC-20, which was submitted to the conventional polymerization (in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions) and microwaves energy polymerization (840W for three minutes) and Vipi Wave and Onda Cryl, which have received microwaves energy polymerization also in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. After the polymerization process, the model sets of resin plaster-base were parted in the corresponding posterior region, the "post-dam" region, for the missfitting analysis. This was supported by a comparing microscope in three reference points: right and left crest of ridges and palate's middle region. The parted sets have been, then, immersed in distilled water about 35 to 2°C, for a 90-day period which was followed by a second missfitting analysis. The resin base-model sets were immediately separated and the resin bases were immediately removed to promote the edge coarse excesses' removal until the limit established by the plaster model. Later, the acrylic resin bases were fixed in the respective models with fast stick adhesive, which was placed in the corresponding region to the alveolar crest of ridges. A third analysis to study the missfitting in the reference points was carried through. After the third analysis the sets were immersed again in distilled water about 35 to 2ºC and stored in a stove for a certain period, which exceeded 90 days. As soon as this period was finished, a fourth analysis was carried through in the points previously outlined (180 days total analysis period...(Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
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Toloy, Diego Solci. "Cenas de um mundo capitalista /." Assis : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97570.
Abstract:
Orientador: Soraia Georgina Ferreira de Paiva CruzBanca: Sonia Regina Vargas Mansano
Banca: Francisco Hashimoto
Resumo: O modo de produção capitalista se transformou ao longo da modernidade, neste período histórico observamos como os processos produtivos passaram de uma organização fordista para uma forma de organização pós-fordista na medida em que o trabalho imaterial ganhava força, tornando-se um fator importante para a concorrência que se inaugura na nova ordem mundial. No entanto, tais transformações não foram capazes de superar antigas questões como a determinação do indivíduo mediante o trabalho, tampouco os processos de alienação decorrentes das atividades produtivas. Tais alterações também não foram capazes de superar as relações travadas entre indivíduos e mercadorias, visto que o fetiche contido nesta não apenas seguiu operando, mas ao longo da modernidade encontrou vários dispositivos técnicos que lhe conferiram maior eficácia, levando o indivíduo a novas relações de consumo e novas formas de se relacionar socialmente mediante a legitimação das mercadorias. No entanto, esta mesma modernidade também foi palco para diversas formas de resistência e conquistas para os trabalhadores que, através de diferentes formas de organizações, produziram alterações significativas nas relações trabalhistas através das lutas por melhores condições de trabalho, remuneração, direitos, entre outros. Encontramos ao longo da modernidade um indivíduo atuante, capaz de se organizar e, apesar de sua ação não haver superado antigas contradições do modelo econômico de produção, entendemos que estes seguem produzindo novas sínteses frente a realidade que lhes é apresentada, produzindo assim movimentos de resistência frente as incessantes tentativas de captura do modelo econômico
Abstract: Capitalist mode of production has changed throughout modernity and at this historic period we could notice how production processes have moved from an organization Fordist form to another organization called post-Fordist according to the growing immaterial labor, which become an important factor competition to the new international order. However, such transformations have not been able to overcome old issues such as determining the individual through the work, nor the processes of alienation resulting from productive activities. Such changes have not been able to overcome the relationships between individuals and goods waged since the fetish contained in this operating not followed, but over the modernity found several technical devices that gave it more effectively, leading the individual to new consumer relations and new ways of interacting socially through the goods legitimization. However, the same modernity also played many forms of resistance and victories to the workers, who have produced significant changes in labor relations through the struggle for better work conditions, compensation, rights, among others. Throughout modernity we found an individual active, able to organize and, despite its action will not have solved the contradictions of the old economic model of production, we understand that they continue to produce new syntheses facing the reality that is presented, thus producing resistance movements front of incessant attempts to capture the economic model
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Martinelli, Fernanda Rodrigues. "Cinchonaínas - método cromatográfico e produção de padrões para contrôle de qualidade de extratos polares de catuaba (Trichilia catigua Adr. Juss.) /." Araraquara, [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97970.
Abstract:
Orientador: Alberto José CavalheiroBanca: Jairo Kenupp Bastos
Banca: José Angelo Silveira Zuanazzi
Resumo: A espécie Trichilia catigua, é uma árvore de 3 a 5 metros de altura, de distribuição ampla nos países da América do Sul, é conhecida como catuaba ou catiguá ou Angelim rosa, é utilizada popularmente como tônico mental e físico e especialmente como estimulante sexual. Cinchonaínas A e B foram escolhidas como marcadores químicos para a padronização do extrato hidroalcóolico de cascas de catuaba por serem as substâncias majoritárias desse extrato e também possuírem atividades antioxidante e antibacteriana. Como os padrões de cinchonaínas ainda não são comercializados foi realizado, neste trabalho, o isolamento, identificação, determinação de pureza absoluta e estudo de estabilidade destes compostos para que possam ser utilizados adequadamente como padrões de trabalho. A purificação das cinchonaínas foi feita em CLAE preparativo, utilizando coluna de fase reversa C18 e gradiente linear de CH3COOH (0,1%) em H2O/MeOH e a identificação foi realizada através da análise dos espectros de massas de alta resolução e RMN de 1H e 13C. Foram realizados também estudos de estabilidade em solução para cinchonaína A, B e extrato hidroalcóolico da casca de catuaba em diferentes condições de armazenamento. Os estudos de estabilidade acelerada foram realizados de acordo com RE 398 da ANVISA em condições de temperatura (40ºC) e umidade (75% UR). Estes estudos indicaram que os padrões de cinchonaína A e B são estáveis quando mantidos secos sob condições ambientais, com prazo de validade estimado de dois anos. No entanto, em solução hidrometanólica (MeOH:H2O 1:1) ocorre rápida oxidação com formação das di - orto - quinonas, indicando que as soluções mães desses padrões não podem ser estocados por mais de 1 dia. O estudo de estabilidade em solução, mostrou que o perfil cromatográfico das soluções hidroalcóolicas da planta não apresentou... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Trichilia catigua, is a tree which grows 6.56 to 13.12 feet, widely distributed in South America, and is known as catuaba, catiguá or Angelim renders rose-colored and is popular used as mental and physical tonic and especially as sexual stimulant. Cinchonains A and B were chosen as chemical markers to standardize the extract in focus due the major concentration of those substances in the hydroalcoholic extract from bark of catuaba and also due to antioxidant and anti bacterial activities related to them. Since the cinchonains standards are not commercialized, we had to perform the isolation, identification, absolute purity and stability study of these compounds, so that they could be properly used as standards. The cinchonains purification was performed in HPLC using preparative C-18 reverse phase column and H2O/MeOH as solvent, by running a linear gradient. The identification was obtained through high resolution mass spectrum and 1H e 13C NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance). Stability studies were executed in solution of cinchonain A, B and hydroalcoholic extract from bark of catuaba in different storage conditions. The accelerated stability studies were performed according to RE 398, November 12nd of 2004 - ANVISA under temperature of 40 °C and humidity of 75% UR. These studies indicated that standards of cinchonain A and B are stable when they are dried and kept under ambient conditions, having a shelf life estimated of two years. However, in hydromethanol solution (MeOH:H2O 1:1), rapid oxidation occurs leading to di-orthoquinones formation, indicating that stock standards solutions cannot be stored more than 1 day. The stability study on solution showed that the chromatographic profile of the plant hydroalcoholic solution did not present alteration within 7 days, indicating that samples can be prepared and stored during this period. The parameters... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Medeiros, Fabio Henrique. "Caracterização da deposição atmosférica e aporte de espécies químicas no principal corpo aquático da cidade de São José do Rio Preto, SP /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97770.
Abstract:
Orientador: Marcia Cristina BisinotiBanca: Pedro Sergio Fadini
Banca: Mauricio Boscolo
Resumo: A atmosfera tem grande importância no transporte e distribuição de elementos oriundos de atividades naturais ou antrópicas, sobre a superfície terrestre, sendo a deposição atmosférica o principal processo de ciclagem dos compostos químicos entre os compartimentos ambientais. A cidade de São José do Rio Preto (SJRP) possui um pequeno parque industrial, conta com a presença de duas rodovias de grande tráfego, a rodovia Washington Luís (SP-310) e a rodovia Transbrasiliana (BR-153), e em termos agrícolas a região é responsável por 12% da produção de etanol do estado, e destacando-se também, em menor quantidade, o cultivo da laranja e de pastagens. Neste contexto o objetivo deste trabalho foi a caracterização de espécies químicas na deposição atmosférica total (DT) e deposição atmosférica apenas úmida (DU) da cidade de SJRP visando avaliar a contribuição da mesma como fonte destes compostos para o rio Preto. Um total de 103 amostras de DT e 96 de DU foram coletadas para o período de março de 2009 a setembro de 2010. A amostragem, preservação e quantificação de Al, Sb, As, Ba, Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn, K+, NH4 +, PO4 3-, NO3 -, SO4 2-, pH, C.E. e TOC (Carbono Orgânico Total) foram realizadas seguindo recomendações de métodos oficiais. Os resultados obtidos e expressos como média ponderada pelo volume (MPV) para as amostras de DT e de DU foram maiores no período de safra da cana-de-açúcar para Ni (0,53 e 0,44 µg L-1), Al (63 e 28 µg L-1), Pb (0,88 e 0,66 µg L-1), Ba (4,67 e 3,20 µg L-1), Zn (9,21 e 5,50 µg L-1), K+ (0,68 e 0,17 mg L-1), NH4 + (1,31 e 0,38 mg L-1), SO4 2- (5,99 e 4,70 mg L-1), PO4 3- (3,08 e 0,48 mg L-1) e NO3 - (0,94 e 0,40 mg L-1). Destaca-se para o Cr a maior MPV nas amostras de DT também no período de safra da cana-de-açúcar (0,33 µg L-1), já para as amostras de DU o valor de MPV para ambos os períodos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The atmosphere plays a very important role in transport and distribution of elements from natural and anthropogenic activities on the earth. The atmospheric deposition is the main process through which chemical compounds present in the atmosphere can be reintroduced to other environmental compartments. The city of São José do Rio Preto (SJRP) has a small industrial park, and two highways, Washington Luís (SP-310) and Transbrasiliana (Br-153), and in agricultural terms it is responsible for 12% of the ethanol production in the state of São Paulo, and in smaller proportion stand the orange crop and pasture. In this context the objective of this work was the characterization of the chemical species in the bulk (BD) and wet only (WD) deposition of SJRP city to evaluate the contribution of deposition as a diffuse source of compounds for the Preto river. A total of 103 bulk and 96 wet-only samples were collected for the period of March 2009 to September 2010. The sampling, preservation and quantification of Al, Sb, As, Ba, Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, K e Zn, NH4 +, PO4 3-, NO3 -, SO4 2-, pH, E.C. and TOC were performed in accordance with official methods recommendations. The results obtained and expressed as volume-weighted mean concentration (VWM) was higher for the sugar cane harvest period for BD and WD for Ni (0.53 and 0.44 µg L-1), Al (63 and 28 µg L-1), Pb (0.88 and 0.66 µg L-1), Ba (4.67 and 3.20 µg L-1), Zn (9.21 and 5.50 µg L-1), K+ (0.68 and 0.17 mg L-1), NH4 + (1.31 and 0.38 mg L-1), SO4 2- (5.99 and 4.70 mg L-1), PO4 3- (3.08 and 0.48 mg L-1) and NO3 - (0.94 and 0.40 mg L-1). The highest Cr VWM (0.33 µg L-1) in the bulk samples was also observed for the sugar cane harvest period, but with regard to the WOD samples the VWM for both periods was the same (0.13 µg L-1). For Cu, TOC and NPOC the highest VWM was observed for the sugar cane harvest period, for the BD samples... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Brito, Maria Claudia. "Análise do perfil comunicativo de alunos com transtornos do espectro autístico na interação com seus professores /." Bauru : [s.l.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97470.
Abstract:
Orientador: Kester CarraraBanca: Sadao Omote
Banca: Ana Cláudia Moreira Almeida Verdu
Resumo: A literatura ilustra que alguns aspectos da linguagem são essenciais no desenvolvimento e aprendizagem de indivíduos com Transtornos do Espectro Austístico (TEA). Entre tais aspectos destaca-se o uso funcional da linguagem, como principal dificuldade de comunicação nessa população, sendo fundamental sua consideração em contexto acadêmico. Nessa perspectiva, esta pesquisa investigou o perfil comunicativo, com ênfase nos aspectos funcionais da linguagem, de alunos com TEA durante a interação com suas professoras, em salas comuns de instituições públicas. Participaram 14 alunos com TEA, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre três e oito anos, que frequentavam do maternal à 2ª série e suas respectivas professoras. Como parte do procedimento foram realizadas duas filmagens, cada qual com 30 minutos, em situações de sala de aula, que tinham entre seus objetivos promover o desenvolvimento da linguagem oral dos alunos. Para análise das filmagens, foi utilizado o protocolo de pragmática, que verificou a ocorrência de iniciativas de comunicação e o espaço comunicativo ocupado pelos alunos e professoras, as funções e meios comunicativos utilizados pelos alunos. Os resultados evidenciaram que de modo geral as professoras iniciaram mais a comunicação, ocupando maior espaço comunicativo durante a interação do que os alunos. Quanto aos meios comunicativos, todos os alunos utilizaram preferencialmente gestos e apresentaram individualidades referentes à utilização dos meios vocais e verbais. No que se refere às funções comunicativas houve ocorrência significativamente superior das funções menos interativas em relação às funções mais interativas, ou seja, em sua maioria... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The literature illustrates that some language aspects are essential to the development and learning of individuals with Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Among such aspects they point out the functional usage of language as the mainly difficult of communication in this population, being fundamental its consideration in academic context. From this outlook, this research delved into the communicative profile, with emphasis in the functional aspects of language of students with ASD during the interaction with their teachers, in regular classrooms of public institutions. Fourteen students with ASD, male and female, with ages between theree and eight, which attended from kindengarten to second grade, and their teachers took part in the experiment. As part of the procedure, two films were made, each one with 30 minutes, in classroom situations, which had as goal to promote the development of the students'oral language. To analyze the films, it was used the protocol of pragmatic, which verified the occurence of initiatives of communication and the communicative space taken by the students and teachers, the communicative means and functions used by students. The results showed in general terms the teachers often started the communication, taken more communicative space than their students with ASD during the interaction. Concerning to the communicative means, all the students preferable used gestures and presented individualities in using vocal and verbal means. Concerning the communicative space than... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Conto, Emily de. "Avaliação da frequência de polimorfismos dos genes GDF-9 (c.398-39C>G, c.436C>T, c.447C>T, c.546G>A, c.557C>A e c.646G>A), AMH (p.Ile49Ser) E AMHR2 (–482A>G) em mulheres inférteis com endometriose." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/97170.
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Silva, Patrícia Alves da. "Nanocompósitios de borrachas termoplásticas do tipo poli(estireno-b-butadieno-b-estireno)-SBS e sua aplicação em blendas poliméricas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/97870.
Abstract:
Neste trabalho foram obtidos nanocompósitos de SBS com montmorillonita modificada organicamente. Foi utilizada como compatibilizante a SBS epoxidada com dois diferentes percentuais de epoxidação, com o objetivo de melhorar suas propriedades mecânicas em relação à borracha pura. Os nanocompósitos foram preparados em câmara de mistura. Muitos destes nanocompósitos apresentaram melhoria em suas propriedades com a adição da argila e SBS epoxidada. Os nanocompósitos que foram obtidos contendo SBS de menor grau de epoxidação apresentaram maiores valores de módulo secante, sem perder muito alongamento e tensão máxima. Para a maioria das misturas contendo argila e compatibilizante grau de epoxidação de 13,9 mol% e 6 mol% ocorreu ganho de módulo secante. Os nanocompósitos com grau de epoxidação mais elevado, para as diferentes proporções, apresentaram melhoria de suas propriedades com a adição da argila. A borracha epoxidada atuou como agente de compatibilização melhorando as propriedades dos nanocompósitos comparados com a borracha pura, ou seja, a adição da argila e o uso do agente de compatibilização aumenta a força de interação entre a argila e a matriz de borracha, destacando-se os resultados obtidos com a MMT 10 A e compatibilizante com menor grau de epoxidação. Esses efeitos são mostrados nas propriedades mecânicas, MET, MFA e análise de DMA. Para finalizar o trabalho, foi avaliado o efeito de nanocompósitos de SBS obtidos em planta industrial em blendas de polipropileno para verificar sua influência como modificadores de impacto. As blendas com os nanocompósitos de SBS não apresentaram ganho de propriedades mecânicas porque, provavelmente, não tiveram uma boa dispersão da argila na formação do nanocompósito e também pelo uso do compatibilizante não apresentar uma boa compatibilidade entre as fases PP e nanocompósito de SBS. O PP-g-MA auxiliou no ganho de módulo de flexão e resistência ao impacto, porém seus resultados foram inferiores aos das blendas PP/SBS. O aumento no tamanho dos domínios de borracha com a presença do compatibilizante pareceu ser mais eficaz na absorção de impacto.In this work nanocomposites with organically modified montmorillonite SBS were obtained. Epoxidized SBS was used as compatibilizer, with two different percentages of epoxidation, with the aim of improving their mechanical properties compared to the pure rubber. The nanocomposites were prepared in the mixing chamber. Many of these nanocomposites showed improvement in their properties with the addition of clay and SBS epoxidized. The nanocomposites were obtained containing SBS with lower degree of epoxidation showed higher drying module, without lower losing in stretching and maximum tension. Most of the mixtures containing clay and epoxided SBS caused a gain in the secant modulus. The epoxidized rubber acted as compatibilizer to improve the properties of the nanocomposites. The addition of clay and the use of compatibilizer increases the strength of the interaction between the clay and the rubber matrix. The results The use of MMT 10 and the compatibilizer with lower epoxidation degree presented the best results on the mechanical properties and DMA analysis. The morphology was observed by TEM and AMF. To complete the work, the SBS nanocomposites obtained in industrial plant were used in blends of polypropylene to verify their influence as impact modifiers. It was used PP-g-MA as compatibilizer. The blends showed no gain in mechanical properties probably due to the poor dispersion of clay in the nanocomposite and the poor effect of the aompatibilizer between PP and nanocomposite phases of SBS. The use of PP-g-MA increased the flexural modulus and impact resistance, but their results were lower than those of the blends PP / SBS. The increase in the size of the rubber domains with the presence of compatibilizer proved more effective to aborb the impact.
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Рабайа, Ф. М. А. "Проблема создания палестинского государства на рубеже XX-XXI вв.: акторы, стратегии, перспективы : диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата политических наук : 23.00.02." Thesis, б. и, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/97570.
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Franco, Duran Diana Marcela. "An Enhanced RCS Heuristic and an Enhanced RCPM Algorithm to Perform Delay Analysis in Schedules without Phantom Float." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97570.
Abstract:
On a regular basis, project managers concentrate their efforts on critical and near-critical activities. However, the concepts of total float and critical path lose their significance after applying resource-constrained scheduling (RCS) methodologies. RCS techniques solve the resource conflicts but create phantom float in the schedules (i.e., a float that does not exist). RCS techniques overlook the resources relationships between activities that compete for the same but unavailable resources. Therefore, each time an activity uses this apparent float (phantom float), there is a resource violation in the schedule.
Due to the projects' size and complexity, schedulers use scheduling software such as Primavera P6 to fix the resource conflicts of a schedule. The software correctly determines the activities' earliest dates that satisfy the resource limitations, but they calculate total float based on a "Time Context" ignoring the presence of resource constraints. Thus, the results show incorrect total float values and a broken critical path. The lack of a continuous critical path makes impossible the anticipation of the impact of a delaying event in the project completion time.
Several algorithms have been developed to address the shortcomings of RCS methods. These RCS related algorithms were developed with the aim of providing project managers a tool to correctly schedule and identify critical activities with respect to time and resource allocation and correctly calculate the total float of each activity under resource constraints. In this regard, the Resource-Constrained Critical Path Method (RCPM) is an algorithm that correctly calculates the floats of activities and identifies a continuous critical path in resource-constrained schedules.
Regardless of the RCPM provides more reliable float values than traditional RCS-related algorithms, there are some shortcomings that must be addressed to enhance its capability. This study addresses the existing shortcomings of RCPM to make it more practical for real construction projects.Doctor of Philosophy
One of the challenges of resource allocation is resource availability because oftentimes, the resource demand exceeds the supply. When resources are over-allocated, activities are delayed until resources become available. Due to the projects' size and complexity, schedulers use available software to solve the resource conflicts of a schedule. After testing Primavera P6 versions and MS Project v2016, both software create phantom float in a resource-constrained schedule. This is, the RCS calculations suggest that activities have float, but this float might not exist at all. Resource-Constrained Scheduling (RCS) techniques mitigate a resource supply-demand problem but fail to identify a project critical path. The methods do not consider the resource-activity dependencies that arise when activities are delayed due to resource limits. As a result, the critical path is broken, and all the activities must be considered as critical. To provide correct float values and a continuous critical path, the Resource-Constrained Critical Path (RCPM) was introduced by Kim and de la Garza in 2003. Regardless of the RCPM provides more reliable float values than traditional RCS-related algorithms, there are some shortcomings that must be addressed to enhance its capability. This study addresses the existing shortcomings of RCPM to make it more practical for real construction projects.
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Ochi, Noriaki. "Theoretical Study of σ-Bond Activation Reactions by Transition Metal Complexes." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/97970.
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Vallejo, Adriana Cossu. "Síntese, caracterização e estudo do comportamento térmico dos 3-metoxibenzoatos de Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) e Zn(II), no estado sólido /." Araraquara [s.n.], 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97870.
Abstract:
Orientador: Massao IonashiroBanca: Salvador Claro Neto
Banca: Mercedes de Moraes
Resumo: Os 3-metoxibenzoatos de Mn (II), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II) e de Zn (II), foram preparados fazendo-se reagir os respectivos carbonatos básicos com ácido 3-metoxibenzoico, ambos em suspensão aquosa à temperatura de ebulição. Os compostos assim obtidos foram estudados através da complexometria com EDTA, Termogravimetria (TG) e difratometria de raios X pelo método do pó. As curvas TG foram obtidas em atm de ar sintético e em cadinho de Pt para a amostra e referencia. Os resultados obtidos por termogravimetria (TG), complexometria com EDTA, possibilitaram estabelecer a estequiometria e o grau de hidratação dos compostos, que apresentaram fórmula geral: M(3-MeO-BZ) 2 nH2O com n= 0,5; 1,0;1,5 e 2,0. As curvas TG também permitiram verificar a estabilidade térmica, bem como o processo de decomposição térmica, destes compostos. Os difratogramas de raios X, pelo método do pó, mostraram que todos os compostos possuem estrutura cristalina, com exceção do composto níquel, obtidos no estado não cristalino.
Abstract: The 3-methoxybenzoates of Mn (II), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II) and Zn (II) were prepared by reacting the respective basic carbonates with methoxybenzoates acid, both in aqueous suspension in a heating temperature. The compounds therefore obtained were studied by complexometric (EDTA), thermogravimetry, derivative thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG. DTG, DTA) and X-Ray diffractometry. The curves (TG) were obtained in atmosphere synthetic air and in Platinum crucible as samples and references. The results obtained by thermogravimetry (TG) and complexometric (EDTA) enabled to establish the stoichiometry and the hydration degree of these compounds which presented the general formula: M(3-MeO-BZ)2 nH2O with n=0,5; 1,0; 1,5 and 2,0. Also the curves (TG) permitted to verify as the thermal stability as the decomposition process of these compounds. The X-Ray powder patterns made possible to show that all the compounds had crystalline structure, except the Nickel (II) compound, shapeless by itself.
Mestre
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高橋, 公明, and Kimiaki Takahashi. "済州島出身の官僚高得宗について." 名古屋大学文学部, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/9770.
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Quintana, Fernández Elsa. "Regulación nitrérgica de la función motora gastrointestinal en la endotoxemia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9770.
Abstract:
Tras una infección bacteriana se observan cambios agudos de la función gastrointestinal. En la presente Tesis hemos analizado en la rata los mecanismos involucrados en la alteración de la función motora gastrointestinal asociada a los estadios iniciales de la endotoxemia. En estas circunstancias se produce una inhibición de la motilidad gástrica caracterizada por hipocontractilidad del estómago proximal y enlentecimiento del vaciamiento gástrico; por el contrario, a nivel intestinal, se produce un incremento del tránsito acelerándose la excreción fecal. Este comportamiento dual podría interpretarse como un mecanismo puesto en marcha con la finalidad de disminuir la absorción de toxinas y facilitar su pronta expulsión. Estos cambios se producen rápidamente gracias a la actuación del sistema nervioso, tanto central como periférico. Así, los efectos de la endotoxina están mediados por la activación de las neuronas aferentes sensoriales, que envían la señal de "alerta" al sistema nervioso central donde rápidamente se procesa la información y posteriormente se activan fibras motoras eferentes vagales que están en íntimo contacto con el sistema nervioso entérico, modulando finalmente la motilidad gastrointestinal. Además, la regulación postraduccional de la enzima óxido nítrico sintasa neuronal tiene un papel protagonista en todo este proceso. Un incremento de la síntesis de óxido nítrico en el tronco del encéfalo y en neuronas postganglionares del plexo mientérico sucede en los primeros estadios de la endotoxemia. Pasado el efecto agudo de la endotoxina, empezaría a observarse lo que se considera parte de una respuesta inmune generalizada mediada por la expresión de las enzimas óxido nítrico sintasa inducible y ciclooxigenasa-2. En respuesta a una invasión bacteriana, parece que el organismo maximiza la actividad de sus recursos fisiológicos mientras se alcanza la plena actividad del sistema inmune.After bacterial infection, the host reacts by signalling to the central nervous system where a cascade of physiologic, neuroendocrine and behavioural processes is orchestrated, collectively termed the acute phase response. Endotoxemia following Gram-negative bacterial infection induces a wide array of effects, including fever, loss of appetite and changes in gastrointestinal function that attempt to eliminate the challenge and restore homeostasis. Systemic administration of low doses of endotoxin (5-40 µg/kg) to rats is associated with changes in gastrointestinal motor function, inhibition of gastric acid secretion and increase in the gastric mucosal resistance to damage. These changes are rapid in onset (observed within one hour), not related to vascular dysfunction, and appear to be mediated by mechanisms that involve the peripheral and the central nervous system. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a central role in the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract and its response to illness. Accumulated evidence supports an increase of NO synthesis in the brainstem, as well as in the gastric myenteric plexus thirty minutes after endotoxin administration. Such a synthesis is due to constitutive nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and occurs before the induction of NOS takes place. In the present Thesis we provide experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis that activation of a physiologic mechanism, mediated by the autonomic and the central nervous systems as well as constitutive NOS isoforms, is involved in acute changes of gastrointestinal motor function during early endotoxemia.
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Auvinet, Edouard. "Analyse d’information tridimensionnelle issue de systèmes multi-caméras pour la détection de la chute et l’analyse de la marche." Thèse, Rennes 2, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9770.
Abstract:
Cette thèse s’intéresse à définir de nouvelles méthodes cliniques d’investigation permettant de juger de l’impact de l’avance en âge sur la motricité. En particulier, cette thèse se focalise sur deux principales perturbations possibles lors de l’avance en âge : la chute et l’altération de la marche.Ces deux perturbations motrices restent encore mal connues et leur analyse en clinique pose de véritables défis technologiques et scientifiques. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons des méthodes originales de détection qui peuvent être utilisées dans la vie courante ou en clinique, avec un minimum de contraintes techniques.
Dans une première partie, nous abordons le problème de la détection de la chute à domicile, qui a été largement traité dans les années précédentes. En particulier, nous proposons une approche permettant d’exploiter le volume du sujet, reconstruit à partir de plusieurs caméras calibrées. Ces méthodes sont généralement très sensibles aux occultations qui interviennent inévitablement dans le domicile et nous proposons donc une approche originale beaucoup plus robuste à ces occultations. L’efficacité et le fonctionnement en temps réel ont été validés sur plus d’une vingtaine de vidéos de chutes et de leurres, avec des résultats approchant les 100% de sensibilité et de spécificité en utilisant 4 caméras ou plus.
Dans une deuxième partie, nous allons un peu plus loin dans l’exploitation des volumes reconstruits d’une personne, lors d’une tâche motrice particulière : la marche sur tapis roulant, dans un cadre de diagnostic clinique. Dans cette partie, nous analysons plus particulièrement la qualité de la marche. Pour cela nous développons le concept d’utilisation de caméras de profondeur pour la quantification de l’asymétrie spatiale au cours du mouvement des membres inférieurs pendant la marche. Après avoir détecté chaque pas dans le temps, cette méthode réalise une comparaison de surfaces de chaque jambe avec sa correspondante symétrique du pas opposé. La validation effectuée sur une cohorte de 20 sujets montre la viabilité de la démarche.This thesis is concerned with defining new clinical investigation method to assess the impact of ageing on motricity. In particular, this thesis focuses on two main possible disturbance during ageing : the fall and walk impairment. This two motricity disturbances still remain unclear and their clinical analysis presents real scientist and technological challenges. In this thesis, we propose novel measuring methods usable in everyday life or in the walking clinic, with a minimum of technical constraints. In the first part, we address the problem of fall detection at home, which was widely discussed in previous years. In particular, we propose an approach to exploit the subject’s volume, reconstructed from multiple calibrated cameras. These methods are generally very sensitive to occlusions that inevitably occur in the home and we therefore propose an original approach much more robust to these occultations. The efficiency and real-time operation has been validated on more than two dozen videos of falls and lures, with results approaching 100 % sensitivity and specificity with at least four or more cameras. In the second part, we go a little further in the exploitation of reconstructed volumes of a person at a particular motor task : the treadmill, in a clinical diagnostic. In this section we analyze more specifically the quality of walking. For this we develop the concept of using depth camera for the quantification of the spatial and temporal asymmetry of lower limb movement during walking. After detecting each step in time, this method makes a comparison of surfaces of each leg with its corresponding symmetric leg in the opposite step. The validation performed on a cohort of 20 subjects showed the viability of the approach.
Réalisé en cotutelle avec le laboratoire M2S de Rennes 2
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Morin, Étienne. "Programme d’interventions nutritionnelles centrées sur une alimentation végétale minimalement transformée : évaluation des effets et exploration des déterminants influençant les choix alimentaires chez des adultes à risque de maladies cardiovasculaires." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9770.
Abstract:
Résumé : Contexte: Les maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV) sont un enjeu contemporain de santé publique. Or, des recherches cliniques démontrent que certaines interventions sont efficaces dans leur traitement et prévention. Il s’agit d’interventions nutritionnelles éducatives priorisant des aliments végétaux minimalement transformés (VMT). Ces interventions promeuvent l’adoption de postures alimentaires se caractérisant par la consommation à volonté d’une grande variété d’aliments d’origine végétale (e.g. légumineuses, céréales entières, fruits, légumes) et par une diminution de la consommation d’aliments d’origine animale (e.g. viandes, œufs et produits laitiers) et ultra-transformés (e.g. riches en sucres, sel ou gras, et faibles en fibres). Objectifs: À l’aide d’un devis mixte concomitant imbriqué, nous avons évalué les effets d’un programme d’interventions éducatives visant à augmenter la consommation de VMT chez des adultes à risque de MCV et exploré les déterminants des modifications comportementales observées. Méthodologie : Divers paramètres physiologiques et anthropométriques ont été mesurés pré-post programme (n = 72) puis analysés avec un test t pour échantillons appariés ou un test signé des rangs de Wilcoxon. D’autre part, 10 entretiens semi-dirigés ont été réalisés post-programme et soutenus par un guide d’entretien basé sur le Food Choice Process Model. Les verbatims intégraux ont été codés selon la méthode d’analyse thématique. Résultats : Après 12 semaines, le poids (-10,5 lb, IC 95 %: 9,0-12,0), le tour de taille (-7,4 cm, IC 95 %:6,5-8,4), la tension artérielle diastolique (-3,2 mmHg, IC 95 %: 0,1-6,3), le cholestérol total (-0,87 mmol/ L, IC 95 %:0,57-1,17), le cholestérol LDL (-0,84 mmol/ L, IC 95 %: 0,55-1,13) et l’hémoglobine glyquée (-1,32 %, IC 95 %:-0,17-2,80) se sont significativement améliorés. L’analyse thématique des données qualitatives révèle que le programme, par la stimulation de valeurs de santé, d’éthique et d’intégrité, favorise la transformation des choix alimentaires vers une posture davantage axée sur les VMT durant une période clé du parcours de vie (i.e. pré-retraite). D’autres déterminants pouvant favoriser l’adoption d’une alimentation VMT ont été identifiés, dont les bénéfices importants observables à court terme, l’absence de restriction à l’égard de la quantité d’aliments VMT et le développement de compétences de planification dans l’acquisition et la préparation des aliments. Conclusion : Une intervention priorisant les VMT permet d’améliorer le profil cardiométabolique d’individus pré-retraités en raison de ses caractéristiques intrinsèques, mais aussi parce qu’elle modifie les valeurs impliquées dans les choix alimentaires.Abstract : Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a contemporary public health issue. However, clinical research shows that some interventions are effective in its treatment and prevention: nutrition education programs prioritizing whole plant foods (WPF). These interventions promote the adoption of diets characterized by the unlimited consumption of a wide variety of plant foods (e.g. legumes, whole grains, fruits, vegetables) and a decrease in consumption of animal (e.g. meat, eggs and dairy products) and highly processed foods (e.g. high in sugar, salt or fat and low in fiber). Objectives: Using a nested concomitant mixed design, we evaluated the effects of a nutrition education program to increase the consumption of WPF in adults at risk of CVD and explored the determinants of the observed behavioral changes. Methodology: Various physiological and anthropometric parameters were measured pre-post program (n = 72) and analyzed with t test for paired samples or signed rank test Wilcoxon. Also, 10 semi-structured interviews were conducted post-program, supported by an interview guide based on the Food Choice Process Model. The full transcripts were coded according to thematic analysis method. Results: After 12 weeks, weight (-10.5 lbs, 95 % CI: 9.0-12.0), waist circumference (-7.4 cm, 95 % CI: 6.5-8.4), diastolic blood pressure (-3.2 mmHg, 95 % CI: 0.1-6.3), total cholesterol (-0.87 mmol/ L, 95 % CI: 0.57-1.17), LDL cholesterol (-0.84 mmol/ L, 95 % CI: 0.55-1.13) and HbA1c (-1.32 %, 95 % CI - 0.17-2.80) improved significantly. Thematic analysis of qualitative data reveals that the program, by stimulating values such as health, ethics and integrity, promote the transformation of food choices towards a more whole-foods plant-based dietary pattern during a key period of participants’ life course (i.e. early retirement). Other determinants that can help orient food trajectory towards more WPF have been identified, including the significant short term benefits, the lack of restriction on the amount of WPF and development of planning skills in acquiring and preparing food. Conclusion: A nutrition education program prioritizing WPF improves the cardio-metabolic profile individuals in their pre-retirement because of its intrinsic characteristics, but also because it changes their food choice values.
Resumen : Contexto: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) son un asunto contemporáneo de salud pública. Sin embargo, la investigación clínica demuestra que algunas intervenciones son eficaces en su tratamiento y prevención. Se trata de intervenciones nutricionales educativas que priorizan los alimentos vegetales mínimamente procesados (AVMP). Estas intervenciones promueven la adopción de posturas alimenticias que se caracterizan por el consumo ilimitado de una amplia variedad de alimentos de origen vegetal (e.g. legumbres, granos enteros, frutas, verduras) y una disminución en el consumo de alimentos de origen animal (e.g. carne, huevos y productos lácteos) y altamente procesados (e.g. es decir, alto contenido de azúcar, sal o grasa y bajo en fibras). Objetivo: Con el uso de un diseño mixto concurrente se evaluaron los efectos de un programa compuesto de diversas intervenciones educativas enfocadas en el incremento del consumo de AVMP en adultos en situación de riesgo de ECV. Así mismo, se exploraron los determinantes de los cambios de comportamientos observados. Material y métodos: Se midieron varios parámetros fisiológicos y antropométricos antes y después del programa (n = 72) los cuales se analizaron con la prueba t para muestras pareadas o prueba de los rangos con signo de Wilcoxon. Ademas, se llevaron a cabo 10 entrevistas semi-estructuradas post-programa apoyados por una guía de entrevista basada en el Food Choice Process Model. Las transcripciones completas fueron codificadas de acuerdo al método de análisis temático. Resultados: Después de 12 semanas, el peso (-10.5 lbs, IC 95 %: 9.0 a 12.0), la circunferencia de la cintura (-7.4 cm, IC 95 %: 6.5 a 8.4), la presión arterial diastólica (-3.2 mmHg, IC 95 %: 0.1 a 6.3), el colesterol total (-0.87 mmol/ L; IC 95 %: 0.57 a 1.17), el colesterol LDL (-0.84mmol/ L, IC 95 %: 0.55 a 1.13) y la HbA1c (-1.32 %, IC 95 % - 0.17 a 2.80) mejoraron significativamente. El análisis temático de los datos cualitativos revela que el programa, mediante la estimulación de valores de la salud, la ética y la integridad, favorece la transformación de la elección de alimentos hacia una postura más centrada en los AVMP durante un período clave del ciclo de vida (e.g. la jubilación temprana). Otros determinantes que pueden promover la adopción de una postura alimenticia más centrada en los AVMP han sido identificados, incluyendo los beneficios significativos observados a corto plazo, la falta de restricción en la cantidad de AVMP y el desarrollo de habilidades de planificación en la adquisición y preparación de alimentos. Conclusiones: Un programa de intervenciones educativas que favorece el consumo de AVMP mejora el perfil cardio-metabólico de las personas pre-jubiladas no sólo gracias a sus características intrínsecas, sino también al cambio de valores que intervienen en la elección de los alimentos.
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Ross, Stephen Alexander. "Biological and environmental efficiency of high producing dairy systems through application of life cycle analysis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9770.
Abstract:
Dairy production systems are an important global contributor to anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions including methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Due to the role GHG play in climate change, it is important to investigate ways to minimise their global warming potential (GWP) and to maximise the efficiency of dairy production systems. Finding a balance between improving productivity and suppressing the range and quantity of GHG produced in dairy production is crucial in order to maintain sustainability in the future. The Langhill herd is part of a long term genetic x feeding systems study, representative of a range of dairy production systems which may be found in the UK. Two feeding regimes (low forage (LF) and high forage (HF)) were applied to each of two genetic lines (control (C) and select (S) genetic merit for milk fat plus protein) giving four contrasting dairy production systems (LFC, LFS, HFC, HFS). Biological efficiency (production and energetic) and environmental efficiency (GWP) were assessed by way of life cycle analysis (LCA), accounting for dairy system inputs and outputs from off-farm production of imported feeds and fertilisers to raw milk leaving the farm gate over a period of seven years. Calculations were conducted using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methods, with system specific data implemented where possible. Select genetic line under low forage regime (LFS) had the highest gross production and energetic efficiencies (p<0.001). In LFS, milk yields were 56% higher per cow than the lowest ranked HFC system, representing a difference of around 3500kg per cow. Milk solids yield per kg dry matter intake was 18% higher in LFS compared to HFC. High forage with control genetic line required 17% more net energy intake than LFS to produce each kg of milk solids. LFS allocated the highest proportion of net energy to lactating after accounting for body maintenance (p<0.001). Rate of change in efficiency throughout lactation varied significantly (p<0.001) amongst systems, with loss of efficiency minimised in LFS and greatest in HFC. However, LFS involuntary culling rate was significantly higher than other systems (p<0.001). LFS was the most environmentally efficient system and HFC the least (p<0.001), both per unit productivity and per unit total land use. Implementing low forage regime with select genetic line lowered GWP per kg energy corrected milk (ECM) by 24% compared to HFC (p<0.001). GWP of LFC was around 8% lower per kg ECM than HFS (p<0.001). Methane from enteric fermentation contributed the greatest proportion of overall GWP (46-49%) in all systems. However, key factors in the differences amongst systems were higher off-farm CO2 equivalent emissions under low forage, and higher on-farm N2O emissions under high forage regime. HFC produced 91% more nitrous oxide per kg ECM from animal manures compared to LFS, and 65% more N2O from applied manufactured fertilisers (p<0.001). Conversely GWP associated with off-farm production of imported feeds in LFS was 11% higher than in HFC (p<0.001). In low forage systems high gross emissions were offset by high productivity but this was not the case for the high forage systems. Cows of high genetic merit managed under a Low Forage feeding regime had improved production, energetic and environmental efficiencies. However, issues with animal health and fertility raise questions about long term sustainability of the LFS dairy production system, emphasising the importance of examining trade offs between systems.
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Ricardo, Duarte Jorge Portela. "Oil, foreign aid and FDI flows: The missing link?" Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9770.
Abstract:
A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsThis paper studies the possible strategic use of foreign aid to get preferential access to oil. Furthermore, it also addresses the role of oil as a determinant factor for the allocation of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Using a panel data set of 48 oil producing countries for a period of 30 years, ranging from 1980 to 2010, it was found that, not only is oil a key factor for the determination of foreign aid and FDI, but also that there is a clear distinction between the importance conceived by donor and/or investing countries in their current and future level of oil dependence.
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Canicoba, Sánchez Marcelo Francesc. "Factores que limitan la culminación de la tesis en internos y egresados de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos en el 2018." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/9770.
Abstract:
Determina los factores que limitan la culminación de la tesis en los internos y egresados de la facultad de odontología de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), en Lima- Perú año 2018. Participan 110 personas entre internos y egresados, empleando para ello un cuestionario con 28 ítems con dos dimensiones: personal e institucional, organizados según escala Likert. Encuentra que el 46% son varones y el 54% son mujeres. El 47% son internos, mientras que el 53% egresado. El 50% de los internos refirieron que sus actividades diarias impiden realizar su tesis. El 56,9% de egresados manifestaron estar en desacuerdo respecto a haber adquirido experiencia para desarrollar trabajos de investigación. El 48,1% de los internos se mostraron de en desacuerdo a si la biblioteca cuenta con revistas y libros actualizados para realizar su tesis, el 53,4% de los egresados se mostraron en desacuerdo respecto de las asignaturas recibidas en el plan de estudios han facilitado la realización de su tesis. Concluye que los factores personales que limitan la realización de la tesis principalmente son el tiempo, los métodos de estudio y la experiencia en investigación. Los factores institucionales que limitan la realización de la tesis principalmente son los recursos académicos.Tesis