Journal articles on the topic '960301 Climate Change Adaptation Measures'
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Bator, Agata, and Agnieszka Borek. "Adaptation to Climate Change under Climate Change Treaties." International Community Law Review 23, no. 2-3 (June 29, 2021): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18719732-12341467.
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Abstract On the ground that climate change poses a great threat to societies and economies, it became evident for policy makers that attention should be given to the problem of adaptation, i.e. adaptation measures should be undertaken to minimize the adverse impacts of climate change. As the debate on the adverse impacts of climate change advanced at international level, states are taking actions at national, regional and local levels. Along with the increase awareness regarding importance of adaptation, regulations designed to prepare states to strengthen their resilience to climate change, has been developed in climate change treaties. Paris Agreement seems to be the first global agreement which addresses adaptation as one of its key goals and links it with mitigation efforts. The purpose of this article is to discuss the most important regulations and programmes within the regime established by the Framework Convention and the Paris Agreement concerning adaptation to climate change.
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Vizinho, André, David Avelar, Cristina Branquinho, Tiago Capela Lourenço, Silvia Carvalho, Alice Nunes, Leonor Sucena-Paiva, et al. "Framework for Climate Change Adaptation of Agriculture and Forestry in Mediterranean Climate Regions." Land 10, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10020161.
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Planning the adaptation of agriculture and forestry landscapes to climate change remains challenging due to the need for integrating substantial amounts of information. This information ranges from climate scenarios, geographical site information, socio-economic data and several possible adaptation measures. Thus, there is an urgent need to have a framework that is capable of organizing adaptation strategies and measures in the agriculture and forestry sectors in Mediterranean climatic regions. Additionally, this framework should provide a cause effect relation with climate vulnerability to adequately support the development of adaptation planning at municipal and local (farm) level. In this context, we propose to test and evaluate a framework for climate adaptation of the agriculture and forestry sectors, based on the local causal-effect relation between adaptation strategies and measures and the level of vulnerability reduction achieved for Mediterranean areas. The framework was developed based on the combination of the DPSIR (Driving forces, Pressures, State, Impacts, Responses) and Vulnerability frameworks and reviewed 162 practical adaptation measures, further organized into strategies, complemented by a set of efficacy indicators. The framework was tested with 70 stakeholders in six stakeholder workshops for the planning of two farms and one municipal climate adaptation study, that are now in actual implementation and monitoring. The framework is composed by a set of eight adaptation strategies in which adaptation measures are clustered and assessed using efficacy indicators. In the evaluation of the adaptation framework, 96% of stakeholders considered its content as good or very good and 89% considered the final outcomes as good or very good. Finally, the framework was also used to assess and compare the adaptation strategies and measures presented in the climate adaptation plans of the three case studies. On average, 52.2% of the adaptation measures selected by the three case studies are dedicated to Ecosystem Resilience, 30.9% to Adaptive Capacity, 9.1% to Microclimates, 7.4% to Protection, and 0.3% to Mitigation strategies. This framework was considered effective in supporting adaptation planning at farm and municipal levels and useful to assess and compare adaptation plans in the frame of vulnerability reduction. Future studies can further contribute to support adaptation planning in these sectors by using, developing and streamlining this framework to additional and different socio-ecological contexts.
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Muchuru, Shepherd, and Godwell Nhamo. "Climate change and the African livestock sector." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 9, no. 2 (March 20, 2017): 241–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-07-2016-0093.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate and review adaptation measures in the livestock sector from 21 African countries through literature survey and grounded theory approaches. The adaptation themes that emerged captured essence of measures and experience drawn from varied country submissions and contexts instituted to make the livestock sector climate compatible in as far as adaptation is concerned. Design/methodology/approach Literature survey approach was used on the impacts of climate change on livestock and a review of the submitted adaptation measures. The study used grounded theory approach to derive meaning from the retrieved information. The grounded theory was derived inductively through systematic collection and analysis of data pertaining to the submitted National Communications reports. The retrieved themes were then examined and interpreted to give meaning and draw conclusions through coding, conceptualizing, categorizing and theorizing. Findings Results identify eight adaptation themes: carrying capacity and policies; integrated pasture management; capacity building, extension, training, awareness and information sharing; livestock breeding, diversification and intensification; disease, vectors and parasites management; technology, innovation, research and development; alternative livelihood; and water supply. The findings show that African Governments have been implementing effective adaptation measures for food security through building a climate resilient livestock production system. Originality/value This study is one of the first to lead to recommendations that decision- and policymakers, private sectors, relevant stakeholders and government officials and scientists should play a key role in ensuring that adaptation measures reach farmers, herders at grassroots level. In addition, governments should create an enabling environment (policies) in climate change adaptation to improve food security. These recommendations might be helpful in many communities where adaptation to climate change is a pressing issue.
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Khayyam, Umer, Rida Bano, and Shahzad Alvi. "Towards Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation." Comparative Sociology 20, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 138–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-bja10028.
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Abstract Global climate change is one of the main threats facing humanity and the impacts on natural systems as well as humans are expected to be severe. People can take action against these threats through two approaches: mitigation and adaptation. However, mitigations and adaptations are contingent on the level of motivation and awareness, as well as socio-economic and environmental conditions. This study examined personal perception and motivation to mitigate and adapt to climate change among the university students in the capital city of Pakistan. We divided the respondents into social sciences, applied sciences and natural sciences, using logistic regression analysis. The results indicated that students who perceive severity, benefits from preparation, and have more information about climate change were 1.57, 4.98 and 1.63 times more likely to take mitigation and 1.47, 1.14 and 1.17 times more likely to take adaptation measures, respectively. Students who perceived self-efficacy, obstacles to protect from the negative consequences of climate change and who belonged to affluent families were more likely to take mitigation measures and less likely to take adaptation strategies. However, mitigation and adaptation were unaffected by age, gender and study discipline.
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Hodakova, D., A. Zuzulova, and S. Capayova. "Climate change adaptation in pavement design." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1252, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1252/1/012017.
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Abstract Since 2011, the change in climatic characteristics has emerged as one of the three most common environmental risks today. Global warming forecasts warn that by 2100, our planet could warm by an average of 3.5 to 7.5 °C. In Europe, over the last 140 years, the average annual air temperature has risen by about 1.5 °C. In Slovakia, it was an increase of 1.7 - 1.8 °C on average. The consequences of these changes in road construction are immediate and intense and require adequate adaptation measures. Long-term measurements of climatic conditions in Slovakia were the basis for assessing changes in average daily air temperatures in individual seasons. With the design of road pavements and calculations of pavement structure models, we have also tested road construction materials - especially asphalt mixtures. The results were used to correct the values of input data, design criteria, as well as in measures to reduce the impact of changes in climatic conditions. The paper focuses on the characterization of the climatic conditions in Slovakia and the changes reflected in the design of the road constructions; also provides some insights into the solution of partial problems in the field of asphalt pavement and cement concrete pavement.
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Stagrum, Anna Eknes, Erlend Andenæs, Tore Kvande, and Jardar Lohne. "Climate Change Adaptation Measures for Buildings—A Scoping Review." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (February 25, 2020): 1721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051721.
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As the climate changes globally and locally, the built environment will be subject to different climatic exposure than in the past. Adaptation measures are required to ensure the long-term integrity and successful operation of the built environment. This study examines literature on climate adaptation measures for buildings through a scoping literature review. It is centered around the main journals in the field of climate adaptation of the built environment, then expanded to map the extent of scientific publications about climate adaptation in general. Studies that regard future climate scenarios have been of particular interest. The majority of the identified literature concerns climate change impacts on buildings in warm climates, with overheating being seen as the greatest challenge. Additionally, few empirical studies are found; most identified research is based on computer simulations or literature reviews. The volume of research on the consequences of climate change on buildings in cold regions is surprisingly small, considering the pecuniary stakes involved. The predictions of climate scenarios suggest regulatory/policy measures on climate adaptation should be taken as quickly as possible to avoid greater costs in the future. However, further research into future scenarios is also essential.
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Kim, Na yoon, and Chang Sug Park. "Analysis of Adaptation Measure Networks for Climate Disaster Management." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 22, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2022.22.1.45.
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This study analyzed the interconnectivity of climate change adaptation measures in the water management, health, and disaster sectors. A survey encompassing inputs from 94 experts was conducted for the analysis. Then a social network analysis was performed, based on the results of the survey, using Netminer 4.0. The findings confirmed that climate change adaptation measures in the water management, health and disaster sectors are interconnected. In addition, the results demonstrated that adaptation measures across these sectors are effective at addressing interconnected risks of climate change. Findings from this study have value as they can be used to prepare climate change adaptation measures that reflect climate risk. It is also significant that clusters of climate change adaptation measures have been derived from the results of this study.
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Markou, Marinos, Cleopatra A. Moraiti, Andreas Stylianou, and George Papadavid. "Addressing Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture: Adaptation Measures For Six Crops in Cyprus." Atmosphere 11, no. 5 (May 9, 2020): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11050483.
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The agricultural sector of Cyprus is seriously affected by climate change impacts. In the framework of the ADAPT2CLIMA project, the available techniques and methods implemented worldwide for the adaptation of six crops (wheat, barley, potatoes, tomatoes, grapes, and olives) to climate change impacts were thoroughly assessed. The identified adaptation options were categorized according to the climate change impact they address as follows: measures against drought stress, heat stress, decreasing plant health, extreme weather events and reduced crop productivity. Another category that refers to measures that address more than one category of climate change was also added. The evaluation of the identified adaptation options was based on a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire. The identified adaptation measures were graded according to the following criteria: efficiency of the measure, urgency of implementing the measure, usefulness of implementation irrespective of climate change, technical difficulty, contribution to climate change adaptation, economic viability and social acceptance. Fifty-six respondents (experts and stakeholders) filled the questionnaire, suggesting twelve recommended adaptation measures (with high score ≥ 60%), which mainly refer to irrigation adaptation measures, cultural practices, and methods for upgrading external services to farmers. The recommended adaptation measures for Cyprus are thoroughly presented and discussed.
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Lin, Jolene. "Litigating Climate Change in Asia." Climate Law 4, no. 1-2 (July 25, 2014): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18786561-00402012.
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There is increasing climate change litigation in jurisdictions such as the United States, Australia and the European Union. Such litigation seeks to, inter alia, promote mitigation and compel governmental authorities to take effective adaptation measures. Climate litigation, however, is almost unknown in Asia. This article explores the potential for climate litigation in Asia and argues that conditions are ripe in jurisdictions like India and the Philippines for advancing climate mitigation and adaptation via the courtroom.
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ORAKWUE, CHIKAODILI A., ADAEZE M. OGUIKE, and GODWIN O. AGBILOKO. "CLIMATE CHANGE, SOCIAL CONFLICT AND ADAPTATION." WILBERFORCE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES 4, no. 1 (March 10, 2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/wjss/9102.40.010210.
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This work examined the relationship between climate change and the key social dimensions of vulnerability that often result in violent conflict. The authors adopted the human needs theory, the frustration-aggression theory of conflict, fragile state as well as the cultural theory of risk for climate change adaptation. The paper found that the government of Nigeria does not have an effective policy for adaptation during flooding, displacement and forceful migration due to climate change. The paper also highlighted other identifiable outcomes. These include loss of life and properties, increasing vulnerability, diminishing opportunities for income generating economic activities, increasing conflicts, the polity is tense and the country is overwhelmed due to increasing cases of victims of climate change and lack of adaptation measures. The paper therefore made appropriate recommendations to deal with the twin challenge of climate change and conflict in Nigeria.
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채여라 and Hyun-ju Jo. "Analysis of Methodologies for Prioritizing Climate Change Adaptation Measures." Journal of Environmental Policy 12, no. 4 (December 2013): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17330/joep.12.4.201312.23.
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Yong-Jian, Ren, Cui Jiang-Xue, Wan Su-Qin, Liu Min, Chen Zheng-Hong, Liao Yu-Fang, and Wang Ji-Jun. "Climate Change Impacts on Central China and Adaptation Measures." Advances in Climate Change Research 4, no. 4 (December 2013): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1248.2013.215.
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Stamos, Iraklis, Evangelos Mitsakis, and Josep Maria Salanova Grau. "Roadmaps for Adaptation Measures of Transportation to Climate Change." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2532, no. 1 (January 2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2532-01.
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Macháč, Jan, Jan Brabec, and Marie Trantinová. "Climate Change Adaptation Measures Are Economically Justifiable even under No Climate Change: Evidence from the South-Moravian Region." Proceedings 30, no. 1 (November 6, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019030007.
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Climate change has a strong influence on agriculture and will continue to do so in the years to come. As a result, significant social costs are generated. These effects may be eliminated by implementing various types of adaptation measures. However, the measures are also associated with costs and it is necessary to evaluate whether generated benefits and prevented climate change costs outweigh them. This contribution studies economic impacts of climate change in agriculture in the South Moravian region in a period of 2017–2040. Four scenarios are analysed based on combinations of the following states of a world (i) climate change worsens the current situation or there is no change; (ii) adaptation measures are implemented or the status quo is maintained. The scenarios are modelled based on an anthropocentric approach using a modified cost-benefit analysis and the concept of ecosystem services. The economic analysis covers investment costs, operating costs, loss of profits due to decreasing production and other costs. The benefits side consists mainly of regulation services prevented loss (thanks to lower soil erosion or better water retention), improved air quality as well as external benefits such as higher biodiversity. Based on measures effectiveness and costs, expected net present social benefits were calculated for each of the scenarios. The results showed that implementing the measures is always profitable regardless of climate change. Under no shift in climate change the estimated social loss until 2040 is 6.6 billion CZK with no measures implemented. If the situation regarding climate change becomes more serious, the net loss rises to 9.5 billion CZK. However, the implementation of adaptation measures leads to positive outcomes and is associated with net social benefits of 2.1 billion CZK if it is necessary to battle climate change and to barely positive outcome when climate change does not accelerate. The analysis confirms that implementation of adaptation measures is profitable either way (especially if climate change becomes more serious) and can serve as an argument in political decision-making as these measures appear to maintain sustainability of agricultural land use.
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Saleh, Mohamed, and Leila Hashemian. "Addressing Climate Change Resilience in Pavements: Major Vulnerability Issues and Adaptation Measures." Sustainability 14, no. 4 (February 21, 2022): 2410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14042410.
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Climate change is the one of the greatest challenges of our time, and it poses a threat to the surrounding built and natural environments. This review paper addresses climate change resilience in pavements by considering major vulnerability issues and adaptation measures. First, a review on foundational information of climate change related to transportation infrastructure is provided to bring all transportation professionals and practitioners to the same knowledge base on climate change terminology. Such information includes sources of climate information, climate scenarios, downscaling climate data, and uncertainty in climate projection information. Relevant climate stressors to pavements are discussed in some depth, including the most significant ones, which are increases in temperature and precipitation intensity. Thus, the proposed different engineering-informed adaptation measures relevant to the climate stressors of interest were evidence-based with reference to published peer-reviewed articles and case studies. Such adaptation solutions are related to monitoring pavement key performance parameters and pavement adaptations in structural design, robust materials and mix design, along with adaptation in maintenance, regulation, and construction. Efforts to adapt pavement systems to climate change are ongoing. In addition to such research works, this study concludes that impacts of adaptation measures on pavement and environment should be incorporated in the decision-making process in planning and design. This makes it important to integrate practical adaptation strategies in design and construction standards and guides, and implement awareness and education of climate change adaptation among engineers and practitioners.
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Quan, Shuiping, Yingming Li, Jianxin Song, Tao Zhang, and Mingyue Wang. "Adaptation to Climate Change and its Impacts on Wheat Yield: Perspective of Farmers in Henan of China." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (April 1, 2019): 1928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11071928.
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This paper explored farm households’ autonomous climate change adaptation strategies and corresponding impacts on wheat yield. Based on a survey of 314 wheat farmers in rural China, results show that Chinese wheat farmers have a high rate of climate change awareness and adoption of climate change adaptation measures. Farmers’ cultivated area, cognition level and information accessibility on climate change significantly affect their adaptation decisions. However, these farmers are given limited adaptation strategies, mainly including increasing irrigation, and using more chemical fertilizer and pesticides. Through employing a simultaneous equations model with endogenous switching, we find farmers’ adaptation to climate change is maladaptive with negative effects on wheat yield. This study, therefore, suggests policymakers be mindful of farmers’ maladaptive responses to climate change and provide effective adaptation measures, to help farmers cope with the risks of climate change and ensure farmer’s livelihood security and sustainable agriculture development.
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Amundsen, Helene, Frode Berglund, and Hege Westskog. "Overcoming Barriers to Climate Change Adaptation—A Question of Multilevel Governance?" Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 28, no. 2 (January 1, 2010): 276–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c0941.
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This paper analyses the results from two surveys which were sent to all Norwegian municipalities in 2007 and gives an overview of adaptation measures undertaken by local governments. Our analyses show that municipalities have more often invested in measures related to extreme precipitation and flooding than in measures for securing buildings and infrastructure against climate change. One key factor explaining their efforts is whether they have experienced extreme events. Hence adaptation efforts are mainly reactive. With a changing climate comes a greater demand for proactive adaptation processes, as well as knowledge of how adaptation policies and measures could be implemented successfully. This paper emphasises the importance of enhancing institutional capacity in order to address the challenges of climate change adaptation at the municipal level; and asserts that a multilevel governance framework is a way of advancing proactive adaptation and overcoming the identified barriers to adaptation.
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Yashkina, Viktoriia. "TOOLS FOR FINANCING ECOSYSTEM-BASED ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE." Environmental Economics and Sustainable Development, no. 10(29) (2021): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37100/2616-7689.2021.10(29).10.
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The article aims to determine the "portfolio" of financing ecosystem-based adaptation to climate change based on the analysis of traditional market instruments used to preserve, maintain and restore ecosystem services and biodiversity. The definition of ecosystem-based adaptation, its qualification criteria and elements of their application in contrast to traditional economic measures for biodiversity and nature conservation are revealed. The relevance of using ecosystem and nature-based approaches to adapt to climate change and reduce the risk of natural disasters given the increasing frequency of extreme weather events associated with climate change – severe droughts, floods, heatwaves, storms and other hazards are explored. Accordingly, the urgency of adaptation to climate-related risks and hazards in different economic sectors, e.g. agriculture, land use, fisheries, and natural components with a focus on the climate impacts prognosis for the European region, using effective and affordable measures with additional long term social and environmental benefits are explained. Trends and specific gaps in the international experience in financing climate adaptation measures are considered. The most common instruments for financing nature-based solutions and ecosystem-based adaptation to climate change, which are already used in world practice or have the potential of their practical implementation in various sectors, including environmental and carbon taxes, subsidies, tradable environmental permits, risk insurance, obligations, debt and equity instruments, as well as innovative forms of green loans, green bonds, and climate-related insurance types are systematized and represented. The specifics of financing such measures through international funds, development banks and European Union funds are considered. Possibilities of integrating financing of ecosystem-based adaptation to climate change to the current processes of climate change adaptation policy development of Ukraine, particularly in the context of performance of obligations under the Paris climate agreement, are considered.
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Casey-Lee Virgil, Christian, Marcia Nathai-Balkissoon, and Kit Fai Pun. "Climate Change Adaptation Planning in Selected Caribbean Countries: Is Enough Being Done?" West Indian Journal of Engineering 44, no. 2 (January 2022): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.47412/inal2196.
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The climate is changing, and sustainable adaptation measures are required to meet the resulting challenges. Several effects linked to climate change can be highly disruptive, such as rising sea levels and coastal reef destruction. The severity of the impact and capacity to adapt to the effects of climate change is unevenly distributed at various spatial levels. The Caribbean is more vulnerable to climate change than other regions. There is a need to plan strategically in managing the multiple consequences of climate change. This study evaluates the synergies between adaptation plans and policies and guidelines in climate change adaptation. It attempts to audit the national adaptation planning documents in climate change developed by government agencies to cope with the challenges of climate change among respective countries. The study explores the factors underlying observed discrepancies and performance shortcomings and utilises information from a review of research literature to contextualise critical findings in adaptation measures and research. Synthesising the determinants and barriers would aid with closing performance gaps. The study concludes by providing evidence-based recommendations that shed light on the design and planning for sustainable adaptation measures in developing nations of the Caribbean.
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Stupazzini, Riccardo. "Legal Aspects of Urban Climate Change Adaptation." McGill GLSA Research Series 1, no. 1 (November 22, 2021): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/glsars.v1i1.131.
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Much of the climate discourse of today is held the reduction of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and reducing humanity’s ecological footprint on Earth. However, as climate change is already impacting our planet, adaptation measures to climate change are also required. Rising temperatures, the multiplication of intense precipitation events and related pluvial and river floods, drought events and water scarcity, the increase of frequency of wildfires represent a few of the multiple climate change impacts that governments and citizens have to deal with.
For ecological reasons, climate change affects areas very differently based on geographic location and urban centers represent climate ‘hotspots’ as areas with high vulnerability. As a consequence of this, cities and towns play a crucial role in tackling climate change effects.
The aim of this essay is to analyze the legal aspects of climate change adaptation set by local governments to prevent and manage damages related to climate-related risks. More in detail, after determining the international, European and national legal framework on adaptation, the purpose of the article is to identify the legal instruments used by local administrations to develop adaptation measures. In particular, the analysis focuses on the legal aspects related to three dimensions of local adaptation: urban greening as a nature-based solution for heat waves risks; the management of water-related risks; the civil protection planning function of municipalities. Considering the impacts of the mainstreaming process on planning tools, special attention is directed towards the integration and coordination issue between the different urban and sectoral planning instruments required by the Italian multi-level governance legal system.
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Cvejić, R., M. Černič Istenič, M. Glavan, L. Honzak, K. Klančnik, K. Kompare, and M. Pintar. "Increasing climate change resilience in agriculture: who is responsible?" Water Supply 19, no. 5 (January 18, 2019): 1405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2019.009.
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Abstract Achieving climate change (CC) resilience in a timely and efficient fashion is becoming a major priority across multiple sectors. Agricultural CC adaptation has become an integrated part of agricultural development policy throughout the EU and further. Without the timely implementation of appropriate measures, the vulnerability of highly exposed and sensitive agricultural landscapes with low adaptive capacity will increase. This paper focuses on the Vipava Valley, a sub-Mediterranean agricultural area highly vulnerable to CC, describing the stakeholder landscape approach undertaken to define stakeholder responsibility level in terms of implementing adaptation measures; and it identifies the key challenges facing stakeholder networks at individual measure levels. The strategy for agricultural CC adaptation follows the structure proposed by the European Commission and clearly defines the necessary stakeholder landscape for implementing agricultural CC adaptation measures and indicators for adaptation strategy monitoring and evaluation. The challenges identified in relation to stakeholder interaction cannot be solved by strategy alone; a facilitated approach to policy implementation is necessary, its success being dependent on the ability of the social landscape to develop a firm implementation of a monitoring programme for adaptation to CC at the local municipality level.
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KOSHKINA, Nataliya R. "City adaptation to climate change in the context of sustainable development: The case of Moscow." Regional Economics: Theory and Practice 20, no. 2 (February 15, 2022): 289–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/re.20.2.289.
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Subject. This article discusses the issues of climate change and urban redevelopment. Objectives. The article aims to identify features of adaptation of cities to climate change and select adaptive measures and actions for Moscow. Methods. For the study, I used general scientific research methods. Results. The article identifies climate change impacts observed in Moscow and describes certain measures to mitigate them. Conclusions. The measures currently implemented in Moscow to adapt to climate change are non-systemic, so it is necessary to develop a comprehensive climate change adaptation plan using international practices.
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Szpak, Agnieszka. "Impact of Climate Change Mitigation Measures on Indigenous Peoples." Reality of Politics 19, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 91–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/rop2022106.
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The author presents selected ventures in the area of climate change mitigation and adaptation that negatively affect indigenous peoples. Against this factual background, she analyzes relevant international legal regulations. Such an analysis enables the answer to the main research question: can climate change adaptation and mitigation actions be the justification for disrespecting the rights of indigenous peoples? The research method adopted is legal- -institutional analysis which includes an examination of the content of legal and other documents. Combined with critical analysis of literature and media reports this analysis allows representation of the reality – violations of the rights of indigenous peoples as a part of efforts to counteract climate change. Recommendations and main findings include: climate change adaptation and mitigation measures may not justify violations of the rights of indigenous peoples; such measures have to be developed in collaboration with indigenous communities; indigenous peoples’ rights may not be perceived as a factor hindering the State’s economic development or an obstacle to environmental protection; indigenous knowledge should be included in the strategies to combat climate change. Indigenous peoples should be regularly consulted by policy makers so that the their traditional knowledge is incorporated in decisions regarding these matters.
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Bhattarai, Utsab. "Tourism and climate change: socioeconomic implications, mitigation and adaptation measures." International Journal of Environment 4, no. 2 (June 3, 2015): 355–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i2.12664.
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The relationship between tourism and changing climate has been discussed and studied for a relatively long time in tourism research. Over the past 15 years, more focused studies have begun to appear, and especially recently, the issue of adaptation and mitigation has been emphasized as an urgent research need in tourism and climate change studies. This paper is based on the review of selected articles which discuss the several forms of tourism and climate change and provide recommendations for mitigation and adaptation measures. This review paper assesses the impacts of climate change on the popular forms of tourism such as; mountain tourism, wildlife tourism, adventure tourism, sun/sand tourism; last chance tourism, and describes the extent of tourism vulnerabilities and their implications. The paper concludes that the appropriate adaptation and mitigation measures have to be followed to minimize the risk of climate change while trying to save all forms of tourism. The initiative of this article is to present an overview of the existing literature on the relationship between tourism and climate change in order to establish the current state of corporate and institutional responses within the tourism industry and to set out an agenda for future research. The currency of the review is evident given the recent surge in popular discussion on climate change and its effects on tourism, and the appearance of a broad and disparate array of studies on this topic. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i2.12664 International Journal of Environment Vol.4(2) 2015: 355-373
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Trypolska, Galyna. "Assessment of costs on the adaptation to climate change in Ukraine." Ekonomìka ì prognozuvannâ 2020, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/eip2020.04.060.
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The paper focuses on the main adaptation measures financed in Ukraine at the expense of state and regional budgets region-wise during 2016-2018 within the framework of environmental activities. The source of data was "Environmental passports of the regions". The paper finds that during 2016-2018 the most funded items of expenditure were the construction and repair of sewerage, clearing of riverbeds, repair of water protection structures and wastewater treatment. A significant gap in the cost of measures of an adaptive nature between the regions is established. Expenditures in the Transcarpathian region, which most suffers from floods, were the lowest: they were 46 times lower than expenditures on adaptation measures in the Dnipropetrovsk region, which actively allocated funds for clearing riverbeds and strengthening the river banks. During 2016-2018, almost USD 110 million were proved to be spent on adaptation measures in Ukraine. The main source of funds were local budgets, in particular regional environmental funds. Green bonds are determined to become a promising source of funding for adaptation measures in Ukraine. For the first time, the amount of funds required for adaptation measures in Ukraine until 2050 has been partially estimated. It is proved that the only international funds that can provide funding for adaptation measures in Ukraine in late 2020, is the Global Environmental Facility.
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Trypolska, Galyna. "Assessment of costs on the adaptation to climate change in Ukraine." Economy and forecasting 2020, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econforecast2020.04.056.
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The paper focuses on the main adaptation measures financed in Ukraine at the expense of state and regional budgets region-wise during 2016-2018 within the framework of environmental activities. The source of data was "Environmental passports of the regions". The paper finds that during 2016-2018 the most funded items of expenditure were the construction and repair of sewerage, clearing of riverbeds, repair of water protection structures and wastewater treatment. A significant gap in the cost of measures of an adaptive nature between the regions is established. Expenditures in the Transcarpathian region, which most suffers from floods, were the lowest: they were 46 times lower than expenditures on adaptation measures in the Dnipropetrovsk region, which actively allocated funds for clearing riverbeds and strengthening the river banks. During 2016-2018, almost USD 110 million were proved to be spent on adaptation measures in Ukraine. The main source of funds were local budgets, in particular regional environmental funds. Green bonds are determined to become a promising source of funding for adaptation measures in Ukraine. For the first time, the amount of funds required for adaptation measures in Ukraine until 2050 has been partially estimated. It is proved that the only international funds that can provide funding for adaptation measures in Ukraine in late 2020, is the Global Environmental Facility.
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Mahmood, Nasir, Muhammad Arshad, Harald Kaechele, Muhammad Faisal Shahzad, Ayat Ullah, and Klaus Mueller. "Fatalism, Climate Resiliency Training and Farmers’ Adaptation Responses: Implications for Sustainable Rainfed-Wheat Production in Pakistan." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 22, 2020): 1650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041650.
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Climate change is a severe threat to the agricultural sector in general and to rainfed farming in particular. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors that can potentially affect the adaptation process against climate change. This study focused on wheat farmers and farming systems in the rainfed agroecological zone of Pakistan. Farmers’ data related to climate change fatalism, the availability of climate-specific extension services, socioeconomic and institutional variables, and farm characteristics were collected. A logit model to assess farmers’ decisions to adopt an adaptation measure and a multinomial logit model to assess their choice of various adaptation measures were used. The results showed that fatalistic farmers were unlikely to implement climate change adaptation measures. The variables related to the climate-specific extension services, including farmers’ participation in training on climate-resilient crop farming and the availability of mobile communication-based advisory services, had highly significant and positive impacts on farmers’ decisions and their choice of adaptation measures. Input market access and tractor ownership also had positive and significant impacts on farmers’ decisions to adapt and their choice of adaptation measures. This study highlights the need to improve rainfed-wheat farmers’ education levels to change their fatalistic attitudes towards climate change. Furthermore, government action is needed to provide climate-specific extension services to ensure sustainable production levels that will ultimately lead to food and livelihood security under a changing climate.
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Varga, Adrián. "Climate Change and Its Impact on Agriculture." Acta Horticulturae et Regiotecturae 24, s1 (May 1, 2021): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ahr-2021-0010.
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Abstract We live in the times of climate change when global temperatures are constantly rising. The impacts of climate change will also be felt in agriculture in Slovakia: increased productivity and yields in colder areas, reduced production in warmer areas due to temperature stress, risk of erosion as a result of more extreme weather conditions (stronger winds, more intense precipitation), the occurrence of new pests etc. Hence, we should be prepared for adaptation measures that would help mitigate it. The aim of this paper is to present the impacts of climate change on agriculture and land, and to offer adaptation measures, and show the prognosis of the climate indicator Ts >10 °C from now until 2100.
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Lazányi, János. "Mitigation and adaptation measures in the hungarian rural development programme." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. I (October 5, 2010): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/i/8410.
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In the Hungarian Rural Development Programme (RDP) climate change adaptation is addressed through the measures in Axis 1, 2, 3 and 4. Under Axis 1 farmers can receive support for farm modernisation that will help them adapt to climate change. The processing industry will also be able to use the available resources for capital expenditure on buildings and new equipment. Axis 2 and especially the soil and water package within the agrienvironmentalmeasure aim to support production methods, which protect soil quality and will help adaptation to climate change. Measures of Axis 3, such as basic services for the economy and rural population, village renewal and development will provide local communities the opportunity to identify actions that can be undertaken to deal with the effects of climate change. On the other hand, the extension of forest resources contributes to climate change mitigation and enhances carbon sequestration. New methods have been elaborated to the sustainable regional water management, irrigation, water regulation, defence against internal water, and soil protection established. Water management contributes to the balance of water quantity on one side, but also to mitigating the climate change on the other.
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Knaggård, Åsa, Erik Persson, and Kerstin Eriksson. "Sustainable Distribution of Responsibility for Climate Change Adaptation." Challenges 11, no. 1 (June 18, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/challe11010011.
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To gain legitimacy for climate change adaptation decisions, the distribution of responsibility for these decisions and their implementation needs to be grounded in theories of just distribution and what those affected by decisions see as just. The purpose of this project is to contribute to sustainable spatial planning and the ability of local and regional public authorities to make well-informed and sustainable adaptation decisions, based on knowledge about both climate change impacts and the perceptions of residents and civil servants on what constitutes a sustainable distribution of responsibility. Our aims are: (1) a better understanding of the practical implications of theories about just distribution of responsibility for the choice of local and regional climate adaptation measures; (2) knowledge about what residents and civil servants consider a sustainable distribution of responsibility for climate adaptation measures; and (3) a better understanding of conflicts concerning the distribution of responsibilities and systematic knowledge about the possibilities to manage them. In this interdisciplinary project, we study six municipalities and their residents, and two county administrative boards, all in Sweden, using mixed methods: value theory, document studies, interviews, focus groups, and surveys.
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Douka, Anastasia. "Adaptation Measures to Climate Change within the European Floods Directive (2007/60/EC)." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 2, no. 1 (September 3, 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2020002038.
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Extreme weather conditions, attributed to climate change, include the increase in floods. The only available and appropriate response to the impacts of climate change already shown is adaptation. Adaptation is defined as the process of adjusting to climate change by taking appropriate action to prevent or minimize the damage it may cause. Within this framework, the EU 2007/60/EC Floods Directive foresees that the member states shall undertake preliminary flood risk assessments, taking into account inter alia the impacts of climate change on the occurrence of floods. The present paper aims at the identification of the existing legislative gaps in the Floods Directive taking into consideration the adaptation need regarding climate change.
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Roders, Martin, Ad Straub, and Henk Visscher. "Awareness of Climate Change Adaptations Among Dutch Housing Associations." Open House International 37, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2012-b0007.
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Climate change: the question is not anymore if it happens, but what the impact is of its effects such as drought, heat waves and increased precipitation on the quality of our lives in cities, offices and houses. A significant share of the Northern European housing stock is owned and maintained by large stock owners, such as housing associations. It is their responsibility to be aware of changes and risks that might challenge the quality of life of their tenants. Moreover, in order to provide housing with a good market value in the future, adaptation to climate change can no longer be overlooked. With the aim to discover the level of awareness of climate change adaptation among Dutch housing associations, a content analysis was undertaken on the policy plans and the annual reports of the 25 largest housing associations. Subsequently they were classified according to their level of awareness. The analysis returned no topics that directly referred to climate change adaptation, which implies that all housing associations are categorised as being ‘unaware’. Therefore, in order to reach higher levels of awareness and to incentivize the implementation of adaptation measures, appropriate governance strategies need to be developed. Future research will define the characteristics of these strategies in relation to the level of awareness of the housing associations. Adoption of the measures could be easier if adaptation measures are combined with maintenance activities, as this has been the case with mitigation measures.
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Campos, Luiza Cintra, and Geoff Darch. "Adaptation of UK wastewater infrastructure to climate change." Infrastructure Asset Management 2, no. 3 (August 2015): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jinam.14.00037.
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This paper provides a summary of the potential impacts of climate change on UK wastewater infrastructure and published adaptation measures and provides a set of recommendations for further research and action. Climate change is affecting wastewater infrastructure, notably in relation to sewer flooding, and further wet weather impacts are anticipated including combined sewer overflow discharges and related pollution. Dry weather impacts include increased sedimentation of solids in sewerage systems, septicity and associated odour-related issues. Overall, treatment processes are expected to improve due to increased retention times and higher temperatures, although more treatment may be required in summer to meet consents. The consequential impacts on society and the environment are not well quantified. Many of the impacts are already being addressed to some extent by water companies, and a wide variety of future interventions are being considered. Very little information was found on cost-effectiveness of adaptation options, but this could be in part due to commercial sensitivity. Recommendations include the development of indicators; the use of risk-based approaches and, where appropriate, integrated catchment and sewer system models; vulnerability assessments; monitoring programmes; and studies to identify adaptation measures and barriers to uptake, to include a systematic assessment of the benefits of sustainable urban drainage system.
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C.C, Ifeanyi-obi,, and Nnadi, F.N. "Climate Change Adaptation Measures Used By Farmers In Southsouth Nigeria." IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology 8, no. 4 (2014): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2402-08410106.
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E, Osuji, E., Okwara, M. O, Essien, U. A, Agu, C. G, and Oguegbuchulam, M. N. "Sustainability of Climate Change Adaptation Measures in South-South, Nigeria." Agriculture and Food Sciences Research 6, no. 1 (2019): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20448/journal.512.2019.61.120.126.
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Smith, J. B., S. E. Ragland, and G. J. Pitts. "A process for evaluating anticipatory adaptation measures for climate change." Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 92, no. 1-2 (November 1996): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00175568.
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Roders, Martin, Ad Straub, and Henk Visscher. "Evaluation of climate change adaptation measures by Dutch housing associations." Structural Survey 31, no. 4 (August 23, 2013): 267–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ss-01-2013-0009.
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Baills, Audrey, Manuel Garcin, and Thomas Bulteau. "Assessment of selected climate change adaptation measures for coastal areas." Ocean & Coastal Management 185 (March 2020): 105059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.105059.
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Adeyeye, Joseph, Oluwakemi Akintan, and Olanrewaju Omoju. "Climate Change Effect and Adaptation Measures on Selected Soil Properties." Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management 9, no. 10 (October 31, 2018): 154–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jssem2018.0700.
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Baba, Kenshi, and Mitsuru Tanaka. "Attitudes of Farmers and Rural Area Residents Toward Climate Change Adaptation Measures: Their Preferences and Determinants of Their Attitudes." Climate 7, no. 5 (May 26, 2019): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli7050071.
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In this study, data obtained from an online survey were analyzed to identify the perception gap between farmers and nonfarmers (rural area residents) toward climate change adaptation measures with conventional and new elements of the psychological mechanism. Key findings from the study were as follows. First, the perception of climate change risk and awareness of impacts of climate change had strong effects on the preferences for and willingness to participate in measures rather than trusting the government and values pertaining to the policy decision-making process. Second, farmers tended to prefer “protection” and “transfer of risks (insurance)” as climate change adaptation measures more than nonfarmers did. Farmers also tended to be unwilling to participate in “withdrawal”, reflecting the difficulty of relocating agricultural land. Third, farmers’ willingness to participate in climate change adaptation measures was determined strongly by their preferences. Therefore, to increase preference, there needs to be communication about multiple risks including climate change risks associated with not only “adjustment” and “protection”, which tend to be preferred, but also “withdrawal”, which tends to not be preferred. Contrasting with these, nonfarmers tended to prefer any particular climate change adaptation measures statistically-significantly, but they tended to be willing to accept “self-help” absolutely and “withdrawal” relatively. Also, farmers’ willingness to participate in climate change adaptation measures was determined strongly by their preference. One of the ways to increase the preference is communicating about the multiple risks including climate change risks associated with “adjustment,” “protection” and “transfer” which tend to be preferred more than nonfarmers did. Finally, trust in the government and values pertaining to the policy decision-making process did not necessarily have a serious impact on policy preferences and willingness to participate, both for farmers and nonfarmers. More analyses for other sectors will be needed for further study.
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Poulsen, Mikkel, Michael Lauring, and Camilla Brunsgaard. "A REVIEW OF CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTIVE MEASURES IN ARCHITECTURE WITHIN TEMPERATE CLIMATE ZONES." Journal of Green Building 15, no. 2 (March 1, 2020): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.15.2.113.
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ABSTRACT Since a large portion of greenhouse gases are emitted by the building sector, there has been a push towards sustainable low energy architecture, which could help mitigate the effects of climate change. Although climate change is considered inevitable, adaptive measures must be taken in the field of architecture to alleviate its impact. Creating an overview of the state of the art in the field of architecture as it adapts to climate change will help identify the problems and possibilities of architectural adaptation. The aim must be to create buildings that are as suitable to the current climate as they are to the climate of the future and maintain an ability to resist the impacts of climate change; this ability to resist potential change is defined as adaptive capacity. It is challenging to reconcile the energy requirements for contemporary buildings with rising temperatures and extreme weather in temperate climate zones. The literature on the subject is explored through iterative searches in scientific databases. In discussions about the possible adaptations to climate change, there needs to be a focus on human adaptation facilitated by architecture and the built environment’s utilization and support of ecosystem services in adaptation strategies, since the scope of climate change reaches beyond the singular building. There are plenty of strategies and technologies from which to draw but little focus on how these should support the design of a building and its inhabitants. In the future it will be necessary to look at the adaptive capacity of a building itself and how the building can benefit its surroundings.
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Le, Tuan Ngoc, and Hoang Xuan Tran. "Climate change responding measures in Vinh Long province." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 2, no. 3 (May 23, 2019): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v2i3.760.
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This work aimed to proposing climate change responding measures in Vinh Long province. Based on analysing vulnerability to climate change in Vinh Long province, via methods of data collection, GIS, SWOT analysis, multi-criteria analysis, consulting stakeholders and experts, 32 key solutions responding to climate change were proposed, divided into 3 main groups: adaptation, mitigation, and supporting measures. After that, 39 priority projects to implement proposed key solutions were established, including finance source and timeline – as an important basis to efficiently carry out the climate change responding program in Vinh Long province.
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Donner, Julie, Nora Friederike Sprondel, and Johann Köppel. "Climate Change Adaptation to Heat Risk at the Local Level: A Bayesian Network Analysis of Local Land-Use Plan Implementation." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 19, no. 02 (June 2017): 1750010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333217500107.
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Urban and environmental planning plays an important role in climate change adaptation. In this area, most German cities have developed adaptation strategies, inter alia tackling growing urban heat effects. Still in question, however, is how these measures will be implemented at the local level. The goal of this paper is to assess the implementation probability of climate change adaptation measures via local land-use plans using a Bayesian Network approach. Six plans were analysed in-depth. We used expert interviews to estimate the likelihood of implementing climate-adapted measures. Whether a local land-use plan stimulates climate change adaptation depends on a combination of different factors, e.g. the setting of the borough councillor in exchange with an investor, in a next step the willingness of the plans’ creator to implement adaptation strategies as well as an existing environmental report.
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Narita, Daiju, Ichiro Sato, Daikichi Ogawada, and Akiko Matsumura. "Integrating economic measures of adaptation effectiveness into climate change interventions: A case study of irrigation development in Mwea, Kenya." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 11, 2020): e0243779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243779.
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As climate change adaptation is becoming a recognized policy issue, the need is growing for quantitative economic evaluation of adaptation-related public investment, particularly in the context of climate finance. Funds are meant to be allocated not to any types of beneficial investments with or without climate change but to projects regarded as effective for climate change adaptation based on some metrics. But attempts at such project-specific evaluation of adaptation effects are few, in part because such assessments require an integration of various types of simulation analyses. Against this background, we conduct a case study of a Kenyan irrigation development project using a combination of downscaled climate data, runoff simulations, yield forecasting, and local socioeconomic projections to examine the effects of interventions specifically attributable to climate change adaptation, i.e., how much irrigation development can reduce the negative effects of climate change in the future. The results show that despite the uncertainties in precipitation trends, increased temperatures due to climate change have a general tendency to reduce rice yields, and that irrigation development will mitigate income impacts from the yield loss–for example, for the median scenario, the household income loss of 6% in 2050 due to climate change without irrigation development is flipped to become positive with the project. This means that the irrigation development project will likely be effective as a means for climate change adaptation.
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Sapkota, Bhaba Datta. "Impact of Climate Change on Livelihoods: Adaptations Measures of Chepang Community." NUTA Journal 5, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2018): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nutaj.v5i1-2.23453.
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This paper analyzes impacts of climate change on livelihoods of Chepang community and their adaptation measures. The objective of this article is to assess adaptation measures practiced by Chepang community. To accomplish the desire objectives both primary and secondary data are used thoroughly. Primary data is collected via different tools of data collection such as questionnaire, observation, interview and so on. Secondary data are collected through document study. Shortages of raw materials, low agriculture productivity, shortage of spring water etc. are found as the major impacts of climate change in the study area. The data shows that cultivation is highly affected by the pattern of climate change. Series of local adaptation measures are being carried out in the sector of agriculture, water and forests, which are more traditional in approach and based on local level knowledge. The adaptation practices applied by the locals are more traditional approaches whereas some approaches are based on the support of different governmental and non-governmental programs.
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Li, Jia, Michael Mullan, and Jennifer Helgeson. "Improving the practice of economic analysis of climate change adaptation." Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 5, no. 03 (December 2014): 445–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbca-2014-9004.
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Abstract:The development of national and sectoral climate change adaptation strategies is burgeoning in the US and elsewhere in response to damages from extreme events and projected future risks from climate change. Increasingly, decision makers are requesting information on the economic damages of climate change as well as costs, benefits, and tradeoffs of alternative actions to inform climate adaptation decisions. This paper provides a practical view of the applications of economic analysis to aid climate change adaptation decision making, with a focus on benefit-cost analysis (BCA). We review the recent developments and applications of BCA with implications for climate risk management and adaptation decision making, both in the US and other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries. We found that BCA is still in early stages of development for evaluating adaptation decisions, and to date is mostly being applied to investment project-based appraisals. Moreover, the best practices of economic analysis are not fully reflected in the BCAs of climate adaptation-relevant decisions. The diversity of adaptation measures and decision-making contexts suggest that evaluation of adaptation measures may require multiple analytical methods. The economic tools and information would need to be transparent, accessible, and match with the decision contexts to be effective in enhancing decision making. Based on the current evidence, a set of analytical considerations is proposed for improving economic analysis of climate adaptation that includes the need to better address uncertainty and to understand the cross-sector and general equilibrium effects of sectoral and national adaptation policy.
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Shirai, Nobuo, and Mitsuru Tanaka. "Analysis of Ideal Directions of Climate Change Adaptation and Problems in Implementing Them for Local Japanese Governments." Journal of Disaster Research 10, no. 3 (June 1, 2015): 420–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2015.p0420.
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Additional adaptation measures such as “basic improvement of sensitivity” and “adaptive governance against mid and long term impacts” are set as ideal directions for local governments. The study of the situations for implementing additional adaptation measures by local governments were determined by using checklists. It is clarified as a result that additional adaptation measures have not been considered enough. The following problems in implementing measures from the “Japan local Forum for Climate Change Adaptation Society” were found: (1) Prediction and evaluation of climate change impacts, (2) Concretization and evaluation of adaptation measures, (3) Communication and subject formation and (4) Implementation of the measures and preparation of conditions. In the future, it is necessary to concretize additional adaptation measures at the research level, to share these additional adaptation measures with concerned parties and to promote the exchange of opinions.
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Komatsu, Toshimitsu. "Special Issue on Adaptation Measures for Disasters due to Climate Change." Journal of Disaster Research 10, no. 3 (June 1, 2015): 403–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2015.p0403.
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An increase in natural hazards due to global warming has broadened the gap between natural hazards and disaster prevention. This gap has raised the possibility that unexpected major disasters occur. As chances of a natural hazard grow, appropriate and efficient adaptation is considered as a last resort for lessening disaster. In water-related disasters such as floods and debris flows, individual disaster sites have specific thresholds (limits). When a natural hazard exceeds this threshold, a serious disaster strikes us. On the contrary when it is under the limit, disaster damage is kept to be small. Flood disasters and landslides have the side of gall or nothing.h This is a characteristic of water-related disasters. Climate change is causing natural hazards to exceed this threshold easily. This makes resilient proactive adaptation very important in disaster prevention. Specific adaptation measures developed hereafter must cope with serious water and sediment disasters throughout mountainous regions, rivers, urban areas, and coastal areas that are assumed to be influenced by global warming. The Journal of Disaster Research has planned a special issue on the adaptation measures for disasters due to climate change. Having taken part in field surveys, computer simulations, and laboratory experiments and finding adaptation measures worth studying more deeply, I decided to contribute to this special issue as a Guest Editor. All of its 11 papers have been peer-reviewed. The broad topics covered range from floods, landslides, and storm surges to adaptation to the human being society. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to the contributors and reviewers involved in producing these articles, especially to Dr. Hideo Oshikawa, Assistant Professor of the Department of Urban and Environment Engineering, Kyushu University, Japan, for his great support. I look forward with great anticipation to feedback from readers regarding these articles.
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Liu, Yingcheng, Tao Zhang, Xiaoli Geng, Liansheng He, and Zhiguo Pang. "Herdsmen’s Adaptation to Climate Changes and Subsequent Impacts in the Ecologically Fragile Zone, China." Advances in Meteorology 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/748715.
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The change of land surface can exert significant influence on the future climate change. This study analyzed the effects of herdsmen’s adaptation to climate changes on the livestock breeding, income, and land surface dynamics with a land surface parameterization scheme. The empirical analysis was first carried out on the impacts of the adaptation measures of herdsmen on their income in the context of the climate change with the positive mathematical programming (PMP) model on the basis of the household survey data in the Three-River Source Region, an ecologically fragile area in Qinghai Province, China. Then, the land surface parameterization process is analyzed based on the agent-based model (ABM), which involves the herdsmen’s adaptation measures on climate change, and it also provides reference for the land surface change projection. The result shows that the climate change adaptation measures will have a positive effect on the increasing of the amount of herdsman’s livestock and income as well as future land surface dynamics. Some suggestions on the land use management were finally proposed, which can provide significant reference information for the land use planning.
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Boutang, Jérôme, Etienne Feutren, Brunilde Bachelet, and Cédric Lacomme. "Climate Change Adaptation: Operational Taxonomy and Metrics." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 16, 2020): 7631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187631.
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The development of adaptation indicators and metrics that can be aggregated and compared to support environmental management is a key challenge for climate experts, finance institutions, and decision-makers. To provide an operational ex-ante evaluation of alternative adaptation strategies, statistical evaluation was conducted on 1562 adaptation projects contained in the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) submitted by almost all parties who signed the Paris Agreement in 2015. As a preliminary stage, we are suggesting a physical risk taxonomy derived from climate model databases and an adaptation project taxonomy using a text analysis. The second stage, consisting of an evaluation metric using a correspondence analysis between adaptation projects and risk classes, was inspired by the analogy with adaptation mechanisms in living organisms—assessing the correct correspondence between threats from the environment and adaptive solutions. It allowed us to develop a coefficient ranging from 0 to 1, expressing the degree of correspondence between adaptive measures’ categories and hazard levels, which we refer to as fitness. Our coefficient would make it possible to compare project classes with each other ex-ante or, conversely, to deduce the most relevant adaptation solutions from climate-change-related hazards. The fitness coefficient could also be used as a preliminary stage of assessment to create a short-list of adaptation projects that are relevant to address a given physical hazard with a given intensity.