Journal articles: '940304 Understanding International Relations'

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Rengger, N. J. "Explaining and understanding international relations." International Affairs 67, no. 3 (July 1991): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2621952.

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Krasner, Stephen D. "Toward Understanding in International Relations." International Studies Quarterly 29, no. 2 (June 1985): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2600501.

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SEGAL, GERALD. "Understanding East Asian international relations." Review of International Studies 23, no. 4 (October 1997): 501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210597005019.

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Aji, M. Prakoso, and Jerry Indrawan. "UNDERSTANDING PEACE STUDIES AS PART OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS." Jurnal Pertahanan & Bela Negara 9, no. 3 (December 13, 2019): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33172/jpbh.v9i3.645.

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Peace Studies is a discipline that is derived from International Relations. With the development of International Relations, they are dealing with cases related to conflicts and wars between states, as well as states with non-states. For this reason, Peace Studies was born so that it can focus on discussing issues surrounding conflict, war, and resolution efforts. Peace Studies in general are associated with the concept of conflict resolution. One method of conflict resolution in Peace Studies is the concept of conflict transformation. Conflict transformation is not only aimed at stopping conflict and to change patterns of negative relations between conflicting parties, but also to change the political, social and economic structure that causes the patterns of negative relations. Peace Studies offers a new analysis of how International Relations should look at the complexity of relations between actors. The author did not conduct field research related to this article, but conduct a conceptual research through literature study. The purpose of this article is to see how Peace Studies can help answer problems in International Relations related to conflicts or wars that occur internationally.Keywords: peace studies, conflict, armed conflict, violence, and conflict transformation

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Taniguchi, Trevor Haruo. "Understanding and the Interpretive Approach in International Relations." International Journal of Science in Society 5, no. 2 (2014): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1836-6236/cgp/v05i02/51423.

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Min, Byoung Won. "A Conceptual Understanding of Uncertainty in International Relations." Korean Journal of Area Studies 38, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.29159/kjas.38.3.1.

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Howard, Michael. "Ideology and international relations." Review of International Studies 15, no. 1 (January 1989): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026021050011304x.

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A distinctive feature of the evolution of the modern international system has been the emergence of ideologies so universalist in their assumptions that they have ignored, or worse, denied the cultural and political diversities of mankind—diversities which constitute the ineluctable framework of international politics and which make the conduct of foreign affairs such a complex and difficult craft. One major obstacle, however, to understanding the problems which this development poses for the theory and practice of international relations is the fact that the correct usage of the term ‘ideology’ is very much broader than that which is generally accepted today.

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Mayer, M., and J. Wubbeke. "Understanding China's International Energy Strategy." Chinese Journal of International Politics 6, no. 3 (March 14, 2013): 273–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cjip/pot005.

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Kumar, Ajay. "Understanding Various Traditions of the Realism in International Relations." Journal of Political Science and International Relations 5, no. 4 (2022): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.jpsir.20220504.11.

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Jackson, Van. "Understanding spheres of influence in international politics." European Journal of International Security 5, no. 3 (October 24, 2019): 255–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eis.2019.21.

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AbstractSpheres of influence remain one of the most pervasive phenomena in the practice and history of international relations, yet only rarely have they been taken up analytically. To bring conceptual and discursive clarity, this article advances two arguments. First, it argues that spheres of influence are not a distinct form of hierarchy in international relations, but rather practices of control and exclusion that can be found within any ideal-type hierarchy. Second, these hierarchical practices are generally underspecified by those invoking the term. Different theoretical perspectives on international relations offer highly divergent ways of understanding control and exclusion, and all do so with plausible empirical mooring. Spheres of influence do not themselves denote a form of governance even if it does a form of order construction and maintenance. Any given empire, hegemonic order, or alliance may also be a sphere of influence depending on the practices that occur; the key is not to identify whether particular hierarchical traits are dispositive of one of these relational structures, but rather whether, and the extent to which, assertions of control and exclusion define the hierarchy.

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Smith, Michael E. "Understanding the European Union's External Relations." Acta Politica 38, no. 4 (December 2003): 377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ap.5500033.

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Möller, Frank, and David Shim. "Visions of Peace in International Relations." International Studies Perspectives 20, no. 3 (January 14, 2019): 246–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isp/eky014.

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AbstractIn this article, we engage with IR's recently rediscovered interest in peace and connect it with the visual turn in international relations. We move the field's focus on representations of war to representations of peace and develop the concept of peace photography. We suggest both understanding photography as a social agent promoting visions of peace and incorporating analysis of peace photography into IR's emerging agenda on peace. Our illustrative examples show that it is insufficient to think about and analyze visual images only in connection with representations of large scale violence and interstate war. In contrast, we provide an alternative approach which aims to broaden our understanding of (the study of) peace in IR. First, we explore a positive conception of peace at the individual and everyday level of analysis. Second, we advocate methodological pluralism by examining different analytical sites of peace photography. Third, we concentrate on the potentialities of peace photography in Colombia and Brazil—notorious spaces of everyday violence. We argue that the analytical perspectives developed in this paper have also relevance beyond our examples: If peace photography can be found here, than it can also be found elsewhere. Put differently, everyday visions of peace constitute particular instances of the international.

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Drozd, Lukasz A., and Jaromir B. Nosal. "Understanding International Prices: Customers as Capital." American Economic Review 102, no. 1 (February 1, 2012): 364–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.102.1.364.

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The article develops a new theory of pricing to market driven by dynamic frictions of building market shares. Our key innovation is a capital theoretic model of marketing in which relations with customers are valuable. We discipline the introduced friction using data on differences between short-run and long-run price elasticity of international trade flows. We show that the model accounts for several pricing “puzzles” of international macroeconomics. (JEL E13, F14, F31, F41, F44, M31)

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Hou, Zhengye, Yunxia Zhu, and Michael Bromley. "Understanding Public Relations in China." Journal of Business and Technical Communication 27, no. 3 (March 7, 2013): 308–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1050651913479926.

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Williams, Michael C. "In the beginning: The International Relations enlightenment and the ends of International Relations theory." European Journal of International Relations 19, no. 3 (September 2013): 647–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066113495477.

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The question of endings is simultaneously a question of beginnings: wondering if International Relations is at an end inevitably raises the puzzle of when and how ‘it’ began. This article argues that International Relations’ origins bear striking resemblance to a wider movement in post-war American political studies that Ira Katznelson calls the ‘political studies enlightenment.’ This story of the field’s beginnings and ends has become so misunderstood as to have almost disappeared from histories of the field and accounts of its theoretical orientations and alternatives. This historical forgetting represents one of the most debilitating errors of International Relations theory today, and overcoming it has significant implications for how we think about the past and future development of the field. In particular, it throws open not only our understanding of the place of realism in International Relations, but also our vision of liberalism. For the realism of the International Relations enlightenment did not seek to destroy liberalism as an intellectual and political project, but to save it. The core issue in the ‘invention of International Relations theory’ — its historical origins as well as its end or goal in a substantive or normative sense — was not the assertion of realism in opposition to liberalism: it was, in fact, the defence of a particular kind of liberalism.

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Gallarotti, Giulio M. "The limits of international organization: systematic failure in the management of international relations." International Organization 45, no. 2 (1991): 183–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300033063.

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Contributors to the literature on international organization (IO) have traditionally been overly optimistic about the ability of multilateral management to stabilize in-ternational relations and have tended to ignore the destabilizing effects of IO. While recent revisionist scholarship has acknowledged both the potential for organizational failure and the conditionality of management, it has tended to focus on how IO fails within specific issue-areas and institutions. This article offers a typology of the inherent (systematic) failures of IO across issue-areas and institutions and thereby seeks to bridge the gaps in our understanding of why many different institutions and managerial schemes have adverse effects. It argues that IO is prone to failure (1) when it attempts to manage complex, tightly coupled systems of relations and issues; (2) when it serves as a substitute either for more substantive and long-term resolutions to international problems or for responsible domestic or foreign policy; (3) when it intensifies international disputes; and (4) when it generates moral hazard. In offering a general theoretical approach to understanding the destabilizing effects of IO, the analysis is intended to serve both as a focal point for understanding critical approaches to the study of IO and as an alternative rationale for eliminating the excesses of multilateral management.

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Chandler, David, Delf Rothe, Franziska Müller, and Rebeca Giménez González. "International Relations in the Anthropocene." Relaciones Internacionales, no. 50 (June 28, 2022): 107–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/relacionesinternacionales2022.50.005.

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The Anthropocene as a new epoch brings into question the traditional modes of conceptualising International Relations. We believe that it does this by forcing students and practitioners of International Relations to think through how the discipline works as a set of ideas and practices, in fact, as a way of understanding the nature of problems and policymaking per se. As a discipline, International Relations is particularly sensitive to the questioning of the problematics of human exceptionalism, rationalist problem-solving and liberal modernist imaginaries of progress, which have shaped the agendas of international peace, development and democracy. Beyond the dark days of the Cold War, when International Relations was essentially a strategic exercise of Realpolitik, the discipline has staked a lot on the basis that Enlightenment liberalism is the universal panacea to human ills and that irrational structures or agencies can be civilised or tamed to further the interests of humanity, both in national or global regimes of good governance and the rule of law. These dreams of liberal universal solutions appear to have run aground in the Anthropocene as the last decade has marked a shift away from universal, modernist or ‘linear’ understandings of power and agency. In a world, construed as more complex, contingent and relational and replete with crises and unpredicted ‘tipping points’, traditional assumptions are up-ended and unintended consequences seem more relevant than ‘good intentions’. Concomitantly, the methodological focus has switched away from understanding the essence of entities and towards privileging the analysis of relations, networks and contexts. Key to this has been debates focused around climate change and global warming which explicitly cast policy problems not as external threats to the ‘good life’ (that requires securing) but as instead questioning the starting assumptions of separations between inside/ outside, humanity/ nature, solutions/ problems and referents/ threats. This elicits a very different way of thinking. If natural processes can no longer be separated from the historical impact of human development and are no longer merely the backdrop to a purely human drama of domestic and international political contestation, then the modernist understanding of the nature/ culture divide, separating social and natural science, no longer holds. Nature can no longer be understood as operating on fixed or natural laws, while politics and culture can no longer be understood as operating in a separate sphere of autonomy and freedom. These assumptions, central to modernist constructions of progress, are seen to no longer exist or to have always been problematic. Thus, the Anthropocene is not merely a question of new or more pressing problems, such as climate change and extreme weather events, but also a matter of the tools and understandings that are available to us: in other words, it is a matter of how we know —of epistemology— and also of what we understand the world to consist of —i.e. questions of ontology. Consider, for example, the conventional understanding of security as the protection of a valued referent against external threats. The condition of the Anthropocene challenges such a notion of security. The Anthropocene as a condition, problematises easy assumptions about ‘us’ as the security ‘referent’ —as the object to be secured. The problematisation of ‘us’ —the privileged gaze of the Western policymaking subject— opens up a substantial set of problems which deeply impact the disciplinary assumptions of International Relations. This is expressed, for example, in Bruno Latour’s concept of Earthbound people, i.e., an imaginary collective of people who consider themselves sensitive and responsive, due to being bound by and to the Earth. We are the problem as much as the solution, the ‘them’ as much as the ‘us’, the ‘enemy’ as much as the ‘friend’. Accordingly, the Anthropocene condition calls for reflection upon —and ultimately transition away from— the idea of a separation between nature and humanity. To perform this shift in perspective, concepts such as “worldly” or “ecological security” have been proposed. Matt McDonald develops a notion “ecological security” through an engagement with existing discourses of climate security. According to him, established ways of thinking about climate security would reinforce a problematic nature-culture divide by either presenting climate change as an external threat to vulnerable human communities or, conversely, human actors as a threat to fragile nature in need of protection. Ecological security would instead focus on supporting and sustaining the long-term resilience of ecosystems —understood as entangled systems of both human and non-human elements. Ensuring that “ecosystems can continue to function in the face of current and future change” is accordingly, the only defensible approach to security in the condition of the Anthropocene. Similarly, a worldly approach to security stresses that threats such as war, major industrial accidents, or ecological collapse do not affect humans in isolation but rather endanger the common worlds co-constituted by humans and diverse nonhuman beings. Harrington and Shearing hold that security in the Anthropocene should become oriented towards an “ethics of care”. Care, according to them, is able to emphasize the types of deep relational thinking that are so appropriate when discussing the Earth’s ongoing and unknown patterns of interactions and responses. It allows one to see security as a radical entanglement between humans, non-human animals, plants, bacteria, materials and technology. Learning how to navigate this entanglement with care will be a primary task for International Relations in our Anthropocene world. This article is organised in three sections. Firstly, we introduce the concept of the Anthropocene. We refer to the Anthropocene as a condition that we are in rather than as an external set of problems which we are confronted with. Understood as a condition which we are in, rather than merely a set of strategic and tactical problems which we confront, the Anthropocene enables us to go beyond the traditional binaries of our disciplinary tradition. The second section provides some background to the disciplinary history of International Relations, here we seek to briefly flag up the importance of thinking the Anthropocene in relation to the history of the discipline, which could be understood as moving from an ‘inter-national’ or state-centred focus during the Cold War to a global set of much broader concerns from the 1980s to the 2000s, to an increased interest in the Anthropocene, understood as a ‘planetary’ challenge to the liberal universal assumptions that followed the decline of ‘realist’ hegemony. The third section focuses on the implications of the Anthropocene for three key themes: knowledge, governance and security.

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Hess, Michael. "Understanding Indonesian Industrial Relations in the 1990s." Journal of Industrial Relations 39, no. 1 (March 1997): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569703900102.

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Lerner, Hanna, and Amir Lupovici. "Constitution-making and International Relations Theories." International Studies Perspectives 20, no. 4 (July 19, 2019): 412–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isp/ekz007.

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Abstract Constitution-making has become an intrinsic component of international politics, nevertheless, international relations scholars largely refrain from theorizing it tending to view formal constitutional drafting as a domestic project. The article proposes an understanding of constitution-making as an international (in addition to national) political phenomenon. We develop a new and comprehensive classification of international influences on constitution-making. We also demonstrate how the empirical study of constitution-making can illuminate overlooked areas of research and challenge existing international relations theories. Our focus here is on the study of international norms. We present three theoretical insights concerning the emergence of international norms, their dissemination, and the role of epistemic communities in facilitating their expansion. We conclude by highlighting how the interaction between international and domestic factors in the crafting of constitutions further challenges the disciplinary distinction between domestic and international politics.

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Dunne, Tim, Lene Hansen, and Colin Wight. "The end of International Relations theory?" European Journal of International Relations 19, no. 3 (September 2013): 405–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066113495485.

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With a view to providing contextual background for the Special Issue, this opening article analyses several dimensions of ‘The end of International Relations theory?’ It opens with a consideration of the status of different types of theory. Thereafter, we look at the proliferation of theories that has taken place since the emergence of the third/fourth debate. The coexistence and competition between an ever-greater number of theories begs the question: what kind of theoretical pluralism should IR scholars embrace? We offer a particular account of theoretical engagement that is preferable to the alternatives currently being practised: integrative pluralism. The article ends on a cautiously optimistic note: given the disciplinary competition that now exists in relation to explaining and understanding global social forces, International Relations may find resilience because it has become theory-led, theory-literate and theory-concerned.

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Freeman, Richard B. "Understanding industrial relations in modern Japan." Journal of the Japanese and International Economies 3, no. 3 (September 1989): 326–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0889-1583(89)90026-9.

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Davidson, Apollon. "The Growing Role of the Mutual Understanding." ISTORIYA 12, no. 11 (109) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840017635-7.

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This article is devoted to the problem of mutual understanding, without which the harmonization of international relations is impossible. The problem of mutual understanding in international relations is considered on the example of Anglo-Russian and Anglo-Soviet relations in recent centuries. The friendly and hostile nature of relations between countries and peoples can be traced both in the official position of government departments and in the unofficial indoctrination of political elites, the press and scientific publications. Despite the long tradition of bilateral hostility, there are also reverse trends, indicating an increase in the level of mutual understanding between the two countries.

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Hall, Ian. "The history of international thought and International Relations theory: from context to interpretation." International Relations 31, no. 3 (September 2017): 241–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047117817723061.

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Over the past two decades, historians of international thought have markedly improved our understanding of the disciplinary history of International Relations (IR) and its wider intellectual history. During that period, ‘contextualism’ has become a leading approach in the field, as it has been for half a century in the history of political thought. This article argues that while the application of contextualism in IR has improved our understanding of its disciplinary history, its assumptions about the proper relationship between historians and theorists threaten to marginalise the history of international thought within IR. It argues that unless the inherent weaknesses in contextualism are recognised, the progress made in the field will go unrecognised by a discipline that sees little reason to engage with its history. It suggests that historians of international thought adopt an extensively modified version of contextualism that would allow them to rebuild bridges back into IR, especially IR theory.

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Shah, Apekshya. "Shades of Sovereignty: Understanding Sovereignty in International Politics." Journal of International Affairs 2, no. 1 (July 31, 2018): 19–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joia.v2i1.22574.

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Correction: On 29th June 2020, the author's name was changed from Apkeshya Shah TO Apekshya Shah. This paper analyses the concept of Westphalian sovereignty and its practices among states, particularly in the bilateral relationship between Nepal and India. The notion of Westphalian sovereignty, basically a principle of non-intervention in the internal matters of other states, has been a contested concept since the beginning of its inception. Despite numerous international agreements, system-affecting and system-influencing countries have not refrained from meddling into the internal affairs of system-ineffectual states. Taking the issue of alleged Indian interference in Nepal's internal affairs into consideration, this paper examines levels and degrees of correction in accusations and assertions. And if it is correct then how can we understand it better. The first part of the paper discusses the conceptual frame of state sovereignty and its evolution over time. Then, the issue of the exercise of sovereignty is explored and, concurrently, the compromise of state sovereignty is also explained before analysing Nepal-India relations. Next, the Nepal-India relations are analysed.

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Igrutinovic, Milan. "On understanding the non-alignment in Yugoslav theorisation of international relations." Medjunarodni problemi 70, no. 2 (2018): 125–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp1802125i.

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The paper contributes to the historiography of the domestic science of International Relations, observed through its processing of the nonalignment in the socialist Yugoslavia period. The author has analysed the relevant academic literature that deals with the nonalignment as a concept, a movement and an interplay of social relations. Initially, the paper presents a short sketch of the development of the science of International Relation within Yugoslav social sciences, and then the development of the part of the IR science that had nonalignment as its object. The author has shown the strong threads of the Marxist approach to the International Relations in the analyses of the nonaligned movement and its genesis, but also flexibility and eclecticism in the analyses of various related topics. The author has also displayed a wide focus of such a science on the analysis of the role of internal factors in defining the foreign policy and of the importance given to the historical experience and subjectivity in action, which are characteristics of more contemporary theories like constructivism and liberalism. In that sense, the author concludes the theoretical production of that era should be evaluated in more detail, in light of the actual state of play in the science of International Relations. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 179014: Srbija u procesima evropskih integracija: globalni kontekst, institucije i identitet]

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Pan, Chengxin. "Understanding Chinese Identity in International Relations: a Critique of Western Approaches." Political Science 51, no. 2 (December 1999): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003231879905100203.

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Edsall, John T. "Understanding Blood and Hemoglobin: An Example of International Relations in Science." Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 29, no. 3-2 (1986): S107—S123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pbm.1986.0052.

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Thakur, Monika. "Navigating Multiple Identities: Decentering International Relations." International Studies Review 23, no. 2 (January 22, 2021): 409–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isr/viaa101.

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Abstract The article argues that academics navigate and occupy various localities, spaces, and identities, which allows them to be self-reflexive in understanding the inherent challenges in diversifying the discipline. Using personal narratives as a methodological and theoretical tool, this article situates plural experiences and contexts of a woman of color, working in precarity in academia. The intersection of multiple identities reveals various sites of privilege and oppression, and inclusion and exclusion. Unsettling and dismantling binaries and identities reveal complex entanglements and connections that provide more nuanced understandings of IR. This article further discusses ways the discipline of IR has excluded diverse theoretical and empirical knowledges and regions, including critical approaches and the Global South. This disciplinary exclusion and erasure is reproduced in everyday academic practice and can serve as an entry point to understand why diverse communities are underrepresented in IR. Further, academia is not immune from the functions of power and social and economic hierarchies in society, and those hierarchies are manifested in various forms of asymmetry observable in academia, especially toward diverse communities and academics working in precarity.

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Miquelasi, Andre Felipe. "International Relations and the concept of “international society”: understanding the relevance of the English School." Revista de Iniciação Científica em Relações Internacionais 4, no. 8 (August 10, 2017): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22478/ufpb.2318-9452.2017v4n8.33790.

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MacFarlane, Neil. "International organisations in central Asia: understanding the limits." Helsinki Monitor 14, no. 3 (2003): 287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181403322684762.

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Bara, Corinne, Govinda Clayton, and Siri Aas Rustad. "Understanding Ceasefires." International Peacekeeping 28, no. 3 (May 24, 2021): 329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2021.1926236.

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Olsen, John Andreas. "Understanding NATO." RUSI Journal 165, no. 3 (April 15, 2020): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2020.1777772.

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Spicker, Paul. "Understanding particularism." Critical Social Policy 13, no. 39 (January 1994): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026101839401303901.

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Fitzgibbon, John. "Understanding Euroscepticism." West European Politics 34, no. 5 (September 2011): 1146–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2011.602228.

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Evans, Mark, David Marsh, and Gerry Stoker. "Understanding localism." Policy Studies 34, no. 4 (July 2013): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2013.822699.

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Мельников, Aleksey Melnikov, Бабаянц, and Nikita Babayants. "Problem field of state regulation of international relations." Journal of Public and Municipal Administration 5, no. 2 (June 28, 2016): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/20549.

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The analysis showed that the increase of efficiency of implementation of the state national policy prevents problematic aspects of organizational, legal, informational nature. Therefore, in conditions of modern federalism institutional system should be aimed at the formation of feedback mechanisms, adequate to understanding of the problems of the regions at the federal level in international sphere. Science and social validity of legislation should help to reduce the risk of administrative errors and to improve the effec-tiveness of the decisions.

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Foulon, Michiel, and Gustav Meibauer. "Realist avenues to global International Relations." European Journal of International Relations 26, no. 4 (June 15, 2020): 1203–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066120926706.

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Realism has long been criticized by global IR, but the former can contribute to the latter and thereby improve explanations of international relations. Global IR criticizes that realism supposedly applies universally, sidelines non-Western perspectives, and misunderstands much of foreign policy, grand strategy, and international affairs. Reviewing global IR’s case against realism, however, exposes avenues for realism to complement global IR. Realism can contribute to a more global understanding of international relations through its most recent variant: neoclassical realism (NCR). This newest realism allows for contextualization and historicization of drivers of state behavior. It can embrace and has already been engaging global questions and cases; global thought and concepts; and global perspectives and scholarship. Mapping 149 NCR publications produced by 96 scholars reveals a slow shift in knowledge production away from North America toward Europe and to a lesser extent Asia and Africa. Creative research designs and scholarly collaboration can put realism in fruitful conversation with global IR. This has implications for theory building and inclusive knowledge production in realism, global IR, and the wider discipline. Only when we discover new avenues for realists to travel can they contribute to a more global IR. In turn, when global IR scholars engage realism, they may be better able to address the Western versus non-Western dichotomies they challenge.

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Gałganek, Andrzej. "Induction and Deduction in Theorizing of International Relations." Przegląd Politologiczny, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pp.2019.24.4.4.

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The article presents the ways of understanding the place of induction and deductive reasoning in the process of building the theory and knowledge of international relations and the resulting disputes present in the International Relations. The author argues that in the study of international relations, as in the natural sciences, it is necessary to combine empirical observation with creative building of theory. The author performs a critical analysis of the positions of selected theoreticians of international relations on issues related to the problems of induction and deduction and theorizing of international relations.

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DeBardeleben, Joan. "Applying constructivism to understanding EU–Russian relations." International Politics 49, no. 4 (March 30, 2012): 418–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ip.2012.8.

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Al- Numan, Dr Laith Salah. "Political relations in Islam." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 217, no. 1 (November 9, 2018): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v217i1.555.

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Political relations in Islam title careful reflects the need renewable for your kind understanding the values preached by Islam in international relations and the start of the study of logical postulate agreed upon the mind and transport and is, that this message Conclusion any: (message of Islam) came humanity for the good, and it simplified the speech of love and peace in the ground on the basis of the interests of the people, and that the origin of balance in international relations, respect and mutual interests, not strife and wars, no doubt, that does not negate the right of the nation in the face of international threats and challenges.

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Wendt, Alexander. "Bridging the theory/meta-theory gap in international relations." Review of International Studies 17, no. 4 (October 1991): 383–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500112070.

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The field of international relations (IR) theory is something of a misnomer; since it is constituted by two distinct, though not unrelated, scholarly enterprises. Its core consists of first order theorizing about the structure and dynamics of the international system, and as such it attempts to contribute directly to our understanding of world politics in the form of substantive theories like realism, liberalism, and so on. The proliferation of such theories in recent years, however, has been a cause for some disciplinary concern (or celebration as the case may be), not least because the substantive disagreements between them are as often over what kinds of questions and answers are important or legitimate as they are over the 'facts of the matter'. This has helped open the door since the mid-1980s to a wave of second order or meta-theorizing in the field. The objective of this type of theorizing is also to increase our understanding of world politics, but it does so indirectly by focusing on the ontological and epistemological issues of what constitute important or legitimate questions and answers for IR scholarship, rather than on the structure and dynamics of the international system per se.

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ASHWORTH, LUCIAN M. "Where are the idealists in interwar International Relations?" Review of International Studies 32, no. 2 (April 2006): 291–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210506007030.

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International Relations (IR) textbooks often make reference to an idealist paradigm in interwar IR. This article argues that an idealist paradigm did not exist, and that interwar references to idealism or utopianism are contradictory and have little to do with defining a paradigm. Not only is there no idealist paradigm in IR at this time, but authors from the interwar period that have since been dismissed as idealists rarely share the attributes assigned to idealism or utopianism by later writers. If IR scholars are serious about understanding the history of their discipline then they will have to stop applying misleading and anachronistic terms like idealism.

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Wagner, Ben, and Joanna Bronowicka. "Between International Relations and Arms Controls: Understanding Export Controls for Surveillance Technologies1." Przegląd Politologiczny, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pp.2015.20.3.11.

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Rousseau, Elise. "Power, Mechanisms, and Denunciations: Understanding Compliance with Human Rights in International Relations." Political Studies Review 16, no. 4 (May 1, 2018): 318–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478929918768979.

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The four volumes on human rights norms reviewed here investigate a puzzle introduced by quantitative studies, which shows that the expansion of commitments with human rights does not guarantee compliance with these rights in practice. Going beyond the classical opposition between constructivism and rationalism, the volumes explore the conditions and mechanisms that are likely to close this ‘compliance gap’. This essay starts by reviewing the arguments of the books before focusing on two major themes: compliance mechanisms and international denunciations. It argues that the introduction of ‘reintegrative shaming’ and ‘stigma’ to compliance research may help refine current knowledge on normative change and resistance to change. Betts A and Orchard P (eds) (2014) Implementation and World Politics: How International Norms Change Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Friman HR (2015) The Politics of Leverage in International Relations: Name, Shame, and Sanctions. Basingstoke; New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Hafner-Burton E (2013) Making Human Rights a Reality. Princeton, NJ; Oxford: Princeton University Press. Risse T, Ropp SC, and Sikkink K (eds) (2013) The Persistent Power of Human Rights: From Commitment to Compliance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

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Vieira, Marco A. "Understanding Resilience in International Relations: The Non-Aligned Movement and Ontological Security." International Studies Review 18, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 290–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isr/viw002.

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Prados, John. "Understanding Central Intelligence." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 58, no. 2 (March 1, 2002): 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2968/058002018.

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Olsen, John Andreas. "Understanding Modern Airpower." RUSI Journal 163, no. 3 (May 4, 2018): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2018.1494350.

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Wirtz, James J. "Understanding the Foe." International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence 30, no. 2 (February 8, 2017): 412–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2017.1263534.

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Goldman, Jan. "Understanding Intelligence Analysis." International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence 32, no. 4 (August 5, 2019): 852–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2019.1622385.

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North, Liisa, John A. Booth, and Thomas W. Walker. "Understanding Central America." International Journal 46, no. 2 (1991): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40202870.

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Journal articles on the topic '940304 Understanding International Relations'

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