Relevant bibliographies by topics / 940304 Understanding International Relations

Academic literature on the topic '940304 Understanding International Relations'

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Published: 10 December 2022
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Journal articles on the topic "940304 Understanding International Relations"

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Rengger, N. J. "Explaining and understanding international relations." International Affairs 67, no. 3 (July 1991): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2621952.

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Krasner, Stephen D. "Toward Understanding in International Relations." International Studies Quarterly 29, no. 2 (June 1985): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2600501.

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SEGAL, GERALD. "Understanding East Asian international relations." Review of International Studies 23, no. 4 (October 1997): 501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210597005019.

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Aji, M. Prakoso, and Jerry Indrawan. "UNDERSTANDING PEACE STUDIES AS PART OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS." Jurnal Pertahanan & Bela Negara 9, no. 3 (December 13, 2019): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33172/jpbh.v9i3.645.

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<p>Peace Studies is a discipline that is derived from International Relations. With the development of International Relations, they are dealing with cases related to conflicts and wars between states, as well as states with non-states. For this reason, Peace Studies was born so that it can focus on discussing issues surrounding conflict, war, and resolution efforts. Peace Studies in general are associated with the concept of conflict resolution. One method of conflict resolution in Peace Studies is the concept of conflict transformation. Conflict transformation is not only aimed at stopping conflict and to change patterns of negative relations between conflicting parties, but also to change the political, social and economic structure that causes the patterns of negative relations. Peace Studies offers a new analysis of how International Relations should look at the complexity of relations between actors. The author did not conduct field research related to this article, but conduct a conceptual research through literature study. The purpose of this article is to see how Peace Studies can help answer problems in International Relations related to conflicts or wars that occur internationally.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> peace studies, conflict, armed conflict, violence, and conflict transformation</p>
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Taniguchi, Trevor Haruo. "Understanding and the Interpretive Approach in International Relations." International Journal of Science in Society 5, no. 2 (2014): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1836-6236/cgp/v05i02/51423.

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Min, Byoung Won. "A Conceptual Understanding of Uncertainty in International Relations." Korean Journal of Area Studies 38, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.29159/kjas.38.3.1.

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Howard, Michael. "Ideology and international relations." Review of International Studies 15, no. 1 (January 1989): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026021050011304x.

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A distinctive feature of the evolution of the modern international system has been the emergence of ideologies so universalist in their assumptions that they have ignored, or worse, denied the cultural and political diversities of mankind—diversities which constitute the ineluctable framework of international politics and which make the conduct of foreign affairs such a complex and difficult craft. One major obstacle, however, to understanding the problems which this development poses for the theory and practice of international relations is the fact that the correct usage of the term ‘ideology’ is very much broader than that which is generally accepted today.
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Mayer, M., and J. Wubbeke. "Understanding China's International Energy Strategy." Chinese Journal of International Politics 6, no. 3 (March 14, 2013): 273–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cjip/pot005.

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Kumar, Ajay. "Understanding Various Traditions of the Realism in International Relations." Journal of Political Science and International Relations 5, no. 4 (2022): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.jpsir.20220504.11.

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Jackson, Van. "Understanding spheres of influence in international politics." European Journal of International Security 5, no. 3 (October 24, 2019): 255–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eis.2019.21.

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AbstractSpheres of influence remain one of the most pervasive phenomena in the practice and history of international relations, yet only rarely have they been taken up analytically. To bring conceptual and discursive clarity, this article advances two arguments. First, it argues that spheres of influence are not a distinct form of hierarchy in international relations, but rather practices of control and exclusion that can be found within any ideal-type hierarchy. Second, these hierarchical practices are generally underspecified by those invoking the term. Different theoretical perspectives on international relations offer highly divergent ways of understanding control and exclusion, and all do so with plausible empirical mooring. Spheres of influence do not themselves denote a form of governance even if it does a form of order construction and maintenance. Any given empire, hegemonic order, or alliance may also be a sphere of influence depending on the practices that occur; the key is not to identify whether particular hierarchical traits are dispositive of one of these relational structures, but rather whether, and the extent to which, assertions of control and exclusion define the hierarchy.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "940304 Understanding International Relations"

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Beardsley, Kyle C. "Politics by means other than war understanding international mediation /." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3211377.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed October 11, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 304-315).
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Chen, Shang-chih. "Between negotiation and confrontation understanding China's Taiwan policy redirections in the 1990s /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU0NWQmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=3739.

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Driver, Ryan Grimstad. "Understanding ASEAN - An Alternative Approach to International Relations Theory in Asia." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4436.

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The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was originally formed in 1967 by five members as a means to promote peaceful relations and prevent the spread of communist influence within their sovereign states. Since then the regional organization has doubled in size and now includes communist states amongst its membership as it seeks to establish itself as a strong economic and political hub for the greater region as two large military powers, China and the United States, vie for hegemonic influence. The American presence in the region must be governed by a firm understanding of ASEAN's unique nature and goals. When compared to other regional organizations that formed over similar time periods, such as the European Union, ASEAN has not taken a cohesive path with less of a firm timeline for integrating institutions as it instead continues to reshape its policies in small iterative steps to evolve to the changing world. If our existing paradigms of the role of regional organizations do not match with the structure of ASEAN, we must establish a new toolset in order to guide future policies for involvement in the region. This thesis seeks to provide a clear description and thus understanding of the institutions and behavior of ASEAN as a regional organization. The questions posed include whether ASEAN conforms to the institutional and behavioral predictions of the major paradigmatic approaches to international theory, namely realism, liberalism, and constructivism. The thesis begins with a brief history of ASEAN over four distinct phases and an overview of regional organizations and international theory. The three dominant theories are then analyzed in their application to ASEAN in the areas of security, economics, and human rights. Conclusions are drawn that each of the three theories has its value for descriptive insight, but all fall short in creating a holistic understanding of ASEAN. Therefore, I propose a new way of describing ASEAN as a reactive, isomorphic, and anti-fragile regional organization. The potential of this approach is that it utilizes tools latent in the existing theories to examine ASEAN's nature.
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Vandome, Christopher. "A critical analysis of international financial institutions' understanding of political corruption : a focus on the IMF, World Bank, and the ANC." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11820.

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This dissertation argues that the IFIs’ understanding of corruption, and thus their anticorruption and good governance policies and prescriptions, is based on the conceptualisation of corruption as a state centric phenomenon. As such, they are not concerned with corruption as a systematic problem. The IFIs’ definitions and views, although legitimate, prudent, and legal, are actually the road to ineffectiveness. But broader and more effective policies would require the IFIs to delve into domestic politics. Such political involvement would entail a great deal of risk on their part, and would be beyond their mandate and their appetite. In order to demonstrate this, this dissertation presents an overview of political corruption and the important role of the party in both the causes and consequences of systematic political corruption. The focus is on the relationship between the political party and the various systems of governance. The case of the ANC in South Africa is used to analyse whether an understanding of political corruption is necessary.
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Gani, Jasmine K. "Understanding and explaining US-Syrian relations : conflict and cooperation, and the role of ideology." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2011. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/348/.

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This thesis is a study of US-Syrian relations, and the legacy of mistrust between the two states. While there has been a recent growth in the study of Syria’s domestic and regional politics, its foreign policy in a global systemic context remains understudied within mainstream International Relations (IR), Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA), and even Middle Eastern studies, despite Syria’s geo-political centrality in the region. The primary purpose of the thesis is to analyse and understand the driving factors in US-Syrian relations, both the continuities – distinctive in the context of the region’s dynamic political landscape – and the rarer instances of discontinuity. By analysing the causes and constituents of US-Syrian relations, the thesis will also challenge a purely realist and power-political explanation that has dominated the discourse on Middle Eastern foreign policy; without discarding the value of alternative conceptual explanations, the thesis will argue that Syria’s position towards the US has been significantly (though not exclusively) influenced by a politically embedded set of ideas and principles that have evolved from an anti-colonial Arab nationalist ideology. Though recent constructivist debates have (rightly) brought the role of identity and social structure back to the fore, ideological or value-laden motives are still at times treated dismissively as an instrument of power politics (particularly in relation to Middle Eastern regimes) or, conversely, as a sign of regime irrationality. The apparent methodological impasse in credibly connecting ideational motives with foreign policy implementation and the perceived incompatibility between ideas and pragmatic decision-making have prevented a deeper and more sophisticated exploration of ideological influences within IR. Thus the second aim of the thesis is to redress this imbalance by introducing a methodological framework of analysis for studying ideology in foreign policy-making; this will be operationalised by historically charting the development and influence of ideas on Syria’s position towards the US, drawing upon original archival material that has hitherto not been utilised in existing literature on this subject. I argue that in Syria’s case state interests and security concerns are not dichotomous to ideational values; rather the two are coterminous goals in Syrian foreign policy. In doing so the thesis employs historical analysis and FPA methods to assess the significance of the following factors in influencing Syria’s ideology, and thereby its relations with the US: Syria’s colonised past and contemporary US interventionism in the region; the policies and ideology of Israel; and finally the structure of the Syrian regime, and its connection to public opinion.
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Ngarachu, Fiona Wairimu. "Why not ask the children? : understanding young people's perspectives on ethnicity and politics in Kenya." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/383995/.

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Walker, Steven Trent. "Strategies of prevention extending the concept of preventive war and understanding its implications /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5948.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2008.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 311 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 282-288).
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Marley, Jonathan M. "Whose line is it anyway? : understanding the military role in delivering rights based policies in post-conflict territories." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3357/.

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The post-conflict territories of the Western Balkans have been subjected to an unprecedented level of international attention since the mid-1990s. The EU, NATO and OSCE in particular converged on the region intent on redefining their image - if not purpose - in the first major crisis of the post-Cold War era. Responding to the horrific inter-ethnic violence that defined conflict in the region, International Organisations continually emphasised the importance of upholding standards regarding the protection of, and respect for, ethnic minorities. While literature acknowledges that military forces were deployed to establish and maintain a safe and secure environment for post-conflict peacebuilding to emerge, few scholars have explored the substance of the military role beyond the separation of former warring factions and provision of a secure humanitarian space. This research demonstrates that military actors adapted their approaches to contribute across the spectrum of the peacebuilding effort, including on rights based issues; specifically ethnic minority returns and participation. On the basis of case studies in Kosovo and Bosnia Herzegovina, the thesis adopts an empirical approach to exploring the reasons for military engagement on these issues and their respective successes and failures. It examines the sources that projected ideas on ethnic minority issues – international policy development, peace treaty composition, and domestic acceptance – and how they influenced military decision making processes. Through post-conflict phases it analyses the domestic footprint of international intervention – international administration and civil-military actors – and discusses thematically the means of military engagement, the receptiveness of domestic actors at multiple levels and the nature of compliance. Acknowledging the overarching civilian framework for intervention, where from the outset the prospective of NATO and EU membership were held forth as the 'prize' for a successful return to 'a Europe of integration, democracy and ethnic pluralism', it establishes the utility of strategic mechanisms – conditionality and normative pressure – in military hands acknowledging the potential for linkage to enlargement frameworks. It argues that in spite of principled objections, military operations can and do have influence in delivering policy on rights based issues.
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Al, Toraifi Adel. "Understanding the role of state identity in foreign policy decision-making : the rise of Saudi-Iranian rapprochement (1997-2009)." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/683/.

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The objective of the thesis is to study the concept of state identity and its role in foreign policy decision-making through a constructivist analysis, with particular focus on the Saudi–Iranian rapprochement of 1997. While there has been a recent growth in the study of ideational factors and their effects on foreign policy in the Gulf, state identity remains understudied within mainstream International Relations (IR), Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA), and even Middle Eastern studies literature, despite its importance and manifestation in the region’s foreign policy discourses. The aim is to challenge purely realist and power-based explanations that have dominated the discourse on Middle Eastern foreign policy—and in particular, the examination of Saudi–Iranian relations. Saudi Arabia and Iran have played key roles in Gulf security for the past four decades, yet there have been few studies addressing their bilateral relations. Traditionally, differences—including sectarianism, nationalism, revolutionary ideology, competition over regional hegemony, oil prices, policy towards US military presence in the Gulf, and disagreements over the hajj—are often cited as reasons for their rivalry, yet these differences do not on their own offer a convincingly clear explanation as to why the rapprochement took place at that particular time, or why it thrived—and subsequently declined—despite the continuing presence of these issues. The primary purpose of the thesis is to analyse and understand the reasons behind the rise and demise of the Saudi–Iranian rapprochement of 1997. By focusing on ideational and materialist factors, the thesis seeks to demonstrate how changes in state identity—particularly in the official foreign policy discourse—indicates changes in policy, and therefore a shift in the amity–enmity pattern between the two states. Without discarding the value of realist explanations, the thesis will argue that the rapprochement process of 1997 has been significantly (though not exclusively) influenced by changes in state identity in each state. Moreover, this thesis provides a theoretical framework based on the concept of state identity and role theory (“self versus other”) to study the evolution of enmity, the rise of the rapprochement process during the Khatami presidency (1997–2005), and the subsequent revival of Saudi–Iranian rivalry during President Ahmadinejad’s first term (2005–2009). The main argument of this thesis is that ideational and materialist factors were instrumental in the demise of the rapprochement process, but the change in Iran’s state identity during the first term of President Ahmadinejad altered the perception of each state towards the other. Thus, the relationship transformed from a state of relative friendliness to a state of enmity and rivalry. This is explained by examining the muqawama–mumana’a discourse and the “moderates” versus “radicals” debate that consumed the narrative of Saudi–Iranian relations between 2005 and 2009. The methods employed in answering these research questions and hypotheses are largely structured around a chronological account of the development and formation of state identities and an analysis of each state’s foreign policy discourse during the period in question. This will be supplemented by qualitative interviews with individuals who participated in the rapprochement process, and will draw upon new archival material that has hitherto not been utilised in the literature on this subject.
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Brown, Susan Carol. "The institutional evolution of the WTO Government Procurement Agreement : towards an understanding of the peripheries of domestic economic policies." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1998. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3163/.

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The rules of the international economic order have traditionally sought to reduce trade barriers between national markets; domestic policy autonomy has been viewed as an inviolable sovereign freedom. The 1994 WTO Government Procurement Agreement requires Member States to introduce a series of administrative procedures for their tendering processes, as well as institutional avenues through which individual suppliers can invoke indirect "rights" they gain from these "common rules"; its positive disciplines represent a departure from the traditional, negative GAIT regulatory "methodology". This thesis involves a study of what these institutional changes have to say about economic policy-making and enforcement processes in an interdependent world. Part I presents an institutional history of the GPA and an analysis of how it works. Part II examines the kind of domestic intervention associated with the Agreement, concluding that the most significant interference with sovereigns' autonomy is neither strictly legislative nor administrative. The GPA's enforcement mechanism - in conjunction with the individual "rights" arising from its procedural obligations - "constitutionalises" the rights to national treatment it engenders. This implies a US style relationship between property and the state. Executive and legislative powers are separated and both are limited by law. Judicial-like entities, in turn, fulfill an arbitrator's role, charged with determining whether a government entity has acted in a manner consistent with its legally-delimited powers. The final section presents reasons why GPA Member States may have been willing to accept the "intervention" that is implicit in the Agreement, developing an argument that the GPA is a "means" to Members' "shared end" of facilitating the integration of markets and, most importantly, ensuring their subsequent integrity. States, in implementing the "common rules", act as agents on behalf of the economic order because, in a globalising world, cooperation is consistent with citizens' welfare. The way in which this cooperation is structured allows for heterogeneous political interests to be accommodated. To the extent that the GPA protects individual rights for "collective ends", it is not inconsistent with unitary state notions of sovereignty.
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Books on the topic "940304 Understanding International Relations"

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Kirsten, Ainley, ed. Understanding international relations. 4th ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

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Understanding international relations. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan, 1997.

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Understanding international relations. 2nd ed. New York: Palgrave, 2001.

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Brown, Chris. Understanding International Relations. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25487-3.

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Brown, Chris. Understanding International Relations. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-61172-7.

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Brown, Chris, and Kirsten Ainley. Understanding International Relations. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-24899-1.

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Chris, Brown. Understanding international relations. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997.

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Kirsten, Ainley, ed. Understanding international relations. 3rd ed. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.

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Kirsten, Ainley, ed. Understanding international relations. 4th ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

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Laurent, Edwin. Understanding international trade. Morne Fortune, Castries, Saint Lucia: The OECS Trade Policy Project, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "940304 Understanding International Relations"

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Grieco, Joseph, G. John Ikenberry, and Michael Mastanduno. "Understanding International Relations." In Introduction To International Relations, 2–30. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-352-00423-6_1.

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Grieco, Joseph, G. John Ikenberry, and Michael Mastanduno. "Understanding International Relations." In Introduction to International Relations, 2–29. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-37883-5_1.

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Brown, Chris. "Defining International Relations." In Understanding International Relations, 1–15. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-61172-7_1.

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Brown, Chris. "International Political Economy." In Understanding International Relations, 145–65. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25487-3_8.

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Brown, Chris. "Definitions and Perspectives: Theory and Practice." In Understanding International Relations, 3–20. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25487-3_1.

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Brown, Chris. "The View from the South." In Understanding International Relations, 186–206. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25487-3_10.

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Brown, Chris. "After the Cold War: New World, Old Theories?" In Understanding International Relations, 209–27. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25487-3_11.

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Brown, Chris. "Conclusion: New Agendas." In Understanding International Relations, 228–47. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25487-3_12.

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Brown, Chris. "Theory and International Relations I: Past Debates." In Understanding International Relations, 21–39. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25487-3_2.

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Brown, Chris. "Theory and International Relations II: Theory Today." In Understanding International Relations, 40–63. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25487-3_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "940304 Understanding International Relations"

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"UNDERSTANDING OBJECT RELATIONS IN TRAFFIC SCENES." In International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0002832603890395.

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Park, Jouyon, Hyunsouk Cho, and Seung-won Hwang. "Understanding Relations using Concepts and Semantics." In SIGMOD/PODS'17: International Conference on Management of Data. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3077240.3077250.

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Otto, Christian, Matthias Springstein, Avishek Anand, and Ralph Ewerth. "Understanding, Categorizing and Predicting Semantic Image-Text Relations." In ICMR '19: International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3323873.3325049.

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Petruck, Miriam R. L., and Michael J. Ellsworth. "Representing Spatial Relations in FrameNet." In Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Spatial Language Understanding. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w18-1405.

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Terho, Henri, Sampo Suonsyrjä, Kari Systä, and Tommi Mikkonen. "Understanding the Relations Between Iterative Cycles in Software Engineering." In Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2017.710.

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Humsona, Rahesli, Mahendra Wijaya, Jefta Leibo, and Sri Yuliani. "Prostitute's Adolescent Clients' Understanding of Local Wisdom on Social Relations." In 1st UPI International Conference on Sociology Education. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icse-15.2016.69.

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Wahyu Wicaksana, I. Gede. "Understanding Indonesia–Australia Relations in Three Models of International Systems." In International Post-Graduate Conference on Media and Communication. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007330604130418.

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Tanaka, Shotaro, Adam Jatowt, and Katsumi Tanaka. "Supporting News Article Understanding by Detecting Subject-Background Event Relations." In 2016 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wi.2016.0044.

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Peralta, Cristian, and Claudio Mourgues. "Understanding the Relations Between BIM Maturity Models and Lean Principles." In 30th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC). International Group for Lean Construction, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24928/2022/0203.

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"A Linguistically-based Approach to Discourse Relations Recognition." In The 4th International Workshop on Natural Language Understanding and Cognitive Science. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0002421300810091.

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Reports on the topic "940304 Understanding International Relations"

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Driver, Ryan. Understanding ASEAN - An Alternative Approach to International Relations Theory in Asia. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6320.

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Semotiuk, Orest. RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN MILITARY CONFLICT: TERMINOLOGICAL AND DISCURSIVE DIMENSIONS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11399.

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The paper is devoted to terminological, typological and discursive dimension of concepts describing modern conflicts. Historical development of concept “war” is retraced including four generations of warfare. Difficulties in establishing a methodological framework for analyzing the media coverage of military conflicts are analyzed and an interdisciplinary approach to the media coverage of military conflicts is proposed. This enables the integration of different theories - international relations, conflict studies, political communication and journalism. Two dimensions of the Russian-Ukrainian military conflict (physical and discursive) are desribed. In the physical dimension, the conflict is localized. The discursive dimension of the conflict is implemented at the global, interstate (Russian-Ukrainian) and local (intra-Ukrainian) levels. Discursive understanding of the Russian-Ukrainian military conflict was investigated on local level. The object of analysis was coverage of the conflict in 4 Ukrainian online news portals. The need of new methodological approaches to analysis of the relationship between the media and security issues is emphasized.
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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age.  Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v  Landscapes and regions:  Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change?  Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial.  Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth.  Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs.  Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully.  Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people.  The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world
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CASE STUDY 2: Empowering women and girls to resist gender and social norms that encourage female genital mutilation, promote positive masculinities, and strive for more equal gender power relations (Phase 3 of UNFPA-UNICEF Joint Programme on the Abandonment of FGM). United Nations University international Institute for Global Health, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37941/qmic1609.

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The United Nations University International Institute for Global Health (UNU-IIGH) coproduced a practice-based study with five UN agencies working in global health (UNAIDS, UNDP, UNFPA, UNICEF and WHO). The project focused on analysing and understanding what worked, where, for whom, why and how, institutionally and programmatically, to successfully mainstream gender (click here for the consolidated project report).
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