Academic literature on the topic '920503 Health Related to Specific Ethnic Groups'
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Journal articles on the topic "920503 Health Related to Specific Ethnic Groups"
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Jacobs, Simone, Carol J. Boushey, Adrian A. Franke, Yurii B. Shvetsov, Kristine R. Monroe, Christopher A. Haiman, Laurence N. Kolonel, Loic Le Marchand, and Gertraud Maskarinec. "A priori-defined diet quality indices, biomarkers and risk for type 2 diabetes in five ethnic groups: the Multiethnic Cohort." British Journal of Nutrition 118, no. 4 (August 28, 2017): 312–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114517002033.
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AbstractDietary indices have been related to risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) predominantly in white populations. The present study evaluated this association in the ethnically diverse Multiethnic Cohort and examined four diet quality indices in relation to T2D risk, homoeostatic model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and biomarkers of dyslipidaemia, inflammation and adipokines. The T2D analysis included 166 550 white, African American, Native Hawaiian, Japanese American and Latino participants (9200 incident T2D cases). Dietary intake was assessed at baseline using a quantitative FFQ and T2D status was based on three self-reports and confirmed by administrative data. Biomarkers were assessed about 10 years later in a biomarker subcohort (n 10 060). Sex- and ethnicity-specific hazard ratios were calculated for the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010), the alternative HEI-2010 (AHEI-2010), the alternate Mediterranean diet score (aMED) and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH). Multivariable-adjusted means of biomarkers were compared across dietary index tertiles in the biomarker subcohort. The AHEI-2010, aMED (in men only) and DASH scores were related to a 10–20 % lower T2D risk, with the strongest associations in whites and the direction of the relationships mostly consistent across ethnic groups. Higher scores on the four indices were related to lower HOMA-IR, TAG and C-reactive protein concentrations, not related to leptin, and the DASH score was directly associated with adiponectin. The AHEI-2010 and DASH were directly related to HDL-cholesterol in women. Potential underlying biological mechanisms linking diet quality and T2D risk are an improved lipid profile and reduced systemic inflammation and, with regards to DASH alone, an improved adiponectin profile.
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Johnson, Kimberly J., and S. Hannah Lee. "Factors Associated With Volunteering Among Racial/Ethnic Groups: Findings From the California Health Interview Survey." Research on Aging 39, no. 5 (December 15, 2015): 575–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027515618243.
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The present study investigated how volunteering was influenced by individual resources and social capital among four racial/ethnic groups of adults aged 50 and older. The data came from the California Health Interview Survey, a statewide sample that includes non-Hispanic Whites ( n = 18,927), non-Hispanic Asians ( n = 2,428), non-Hispanic Blacks ( n = 1,265), and Hispanics ( n = 3,799). Logistic regression models of volunteering were estimated to explore the effects of human and social capital within and across the racial/ethnic groups. Compared to Whites, racial/ethnic minority adults volunteered less. Although education was a significant predictor of volunteering across all groups, the findings indicated group-specific factors related to human and social capital. Results showed similarities and differences associated with volunteer participation among diverse racial/ethnic groups. The findings underscore the importance of understanding ways of creating inclusive opportunities for civic engagement among an increasingly diverse population.
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Kastrup, M. C., and M. Schouler-Ocak. "Refugees and asylum seekers in Europe." Die Psychiatrie 12, no. 04 (October 2015): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1669606.
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Summary Background: European countries are the main receiving countries of immigrants such as refugees and asylum seekers belonging to ethnic minority groups due to a global increase in social and political instability as well as socio-economic conflicts. Both the number of ethnic minority groups and the number of people with mental disorders are therefore growing significantly. The current healthcare services are not prepared for this specific population of mentally ill immigrants or ethnic minority groups. Mental health care for immigrant patients is lacking in cultural competence and legislation related to access to and utilisation of health services varies from country to country. Aim: This article attempts to give an overview of the current mental health situation of ethnic minority groups, especially refugees and asylum seekers, in Europe.
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Emerson, Scott Daniel, Anita Minh, and Martin Guhn. "Ethnic density of regions and psychiatric disorders among ethnic minority individuals." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 64, no. 2 (December 18, 2017): 130–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764017747909.
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Background: Ethnic minorities form an increasingly large proportion of Canada’s population. Living in areas of greater ethnic density may help protect mental health among ethnic minorities through psychosocial pathways such as accessibility to culturally appropriate provision of mental health care, less discrimination and a greater sense of belonging. Mood and anxiety disorders are common psychiatric disorders. Aim: This study examined whether ethnic density of regions was related to mood and anxiety disorders among ethnic minorities in Canada. Method: Responses by ethnic minority individuals to the 2011–2014 administrations of the Canadian Community Health Survey ( n = 33,201) were linked to health region ethnic density data. Multilevel logistic regression was employed to model the odds of having mood and/or anxiety disorders associated with increasing region-level ethnic density and to examine whether sense of community belonging helped explain variance in such associations. Analyses were adjusted for individual-level demographic factors as well as region-level socio-economic factors. Results: Higher ethnic density related to lower odds of mood and/or anxiety disorders for Canadian-born (but not foreign-born) ethnic minorities. Sense of community belonging did not help explain such associations, but independently related to lower odds of mood and/or anxiety disorders. These findings remained after adjusting for regional population density and after excluding (rural/remote) regions of very low ethnic density. Conclusion: Ethnic density of regions in Canada may be an important protective factor against mental illness among Canadian-born ethnic minorities. It is important to better understand how, and for which specific ethno-cultural groups, ethnic density may influence mental health.
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Ajilore, Olugbenga, and Fafanyo Asiseh. "Ethnic Differences in the Influence of Peers on Weight-Related Behavior." Review of Black Political Economy 45, no. 1 (March 2018): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034644618770759.
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There is no doubt that peers have an influence on individual weight gain. This article seeks to find if the influence of peers is consistent across ethnic groups or whether certain groups are influenced more by their peers than other groups. Studies in the peer effects literature primarily focus on identifying the direct impact of peers on individual behavior. The difficulty in isolating the direct behavioral effect of peers on individual’s behavior is that there are several mechanisms driving the correlation between individual’s outcomes and peer group outcomes. We model peer effects using an identification strategy that exploits network structure and incorporates group-specific fixed effects to control for confounding effects. Using data taken from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), we find that peer effects exist across all genders and ethnic groups, but it is more prevalent for Hispanic youth with respect to sedentary activities. The findings also show that having male peers is associated with lower exercise for both young males and young females. The implications of this study are that reducing obesity through encouraging healthy behaviors should not only focus on individual factors but also on the role of peers as well as gender and ethnic differences in the design of such programs.
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Magadi, John Paul, and Monica Akinyi Magadi. "Ethnic inequalities in patient satisfaction with primary health care in England: Evidence from recent General Practitioner Patient Surveys (GPPS)." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 21, 2022): e0270775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270775.
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Aims and objectives This paper aims to improve understanding of factors that contribute to persistent ethnic disparities in patient satisfaction in England. The specific objectives are to (i) examine ethnic differences in patient satisfaction with their primary care in England; and (ii) establish factors that contribute to ethnic differences in patient satisfaction. Data and methods The study is based on secondary analysis of recent General Practitioner Patient Survey (GPPS) datasets of 2019, 2020 and 2021. Descriptive bivariate analysis was used to examine ethnic differences in patient satisfaction across the three years. This was followed with multilevel linear regression, with General Practice (GP) at level-1 and Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) at level-2 to identify factors contributing to ethnic differences in patient satisfaction. Results The findings show consistent negative correlations between the proportion of patients reporting good (very or fairly good) overall experience and each of the ethnic minority groups. Further examination of the distribution of patient satisfaction by ethnicity, based on combined ethnic minority groups, depicted a clear negative association between ethnic minority group and patient satisfaction at both GP and CCG levels. Multilevel regression analysis identified several service-related factors (especially ease of using GP website and being treated with care and concern) that largely explained the ethnic differences in patient satisfaction. Of all factors relating to patient characteristics considered in the analysis, none was significant after controlling for GP service-related factors. Conclusions Ethnic minority patients in England continue to consistently report lower satisfaction with their primary health care in recent years. This is largely attributable to supply (service related) rather than demand (patient characteristics) factors. These findings have important implications for health care system policy and practice at both GP and CCG levels in England.
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Kroll, Mary E., Jennifer J. Kurinczuk, Jennifer Hollowell, Alison Macfarlane, Yangmei Li, and Maria A. Quigley. "Ethnic and socioeconomic variation in cause-specific preterm infant mortality by gestational age at birth: national cohort study." Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 105, no. 1 (May 23, 2019): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-316463.
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ObjectiveTo describe ethnic and socioeconomic variation in cause-specific infant mortality of preterm babies by gestational age at birth.DesignNational birth cohort study.SettingEngland and Wales 2006–2012.SubjectsSingleton live births at 24–36 completed weeks’ gestation (n=256 142).Outcome measuresAdjusted rate ratios for death in infancy by cause (three groups), within categories of gestational age at birth (24–27, 28–31, 32–36 weeks), by baby’s ethnicity (nine groups) or area deprivation score (Index of Multiple Deprivation quintiles).ResultsAmong 24–27 week births (5% of subjects; 47% of those who died in infancy), all minority ethnic groups had lower risk of immaturity-related death than White British, the lowest rate ratios being 0.63 (95% CI 0.49 to 0.80) for Black Caribbean, 0.74 (0.64 to 0.85) for Black African and 0.75 (0.60 to 0.94) for Indian. Among 32–36 week births, all minority groups had higher risk of death from congenital anomalies than White British, the highest rate ratios being 4.50 (3.78 to 5.37) for Pakistani, 2.89 (2.10 to 3.97) for Bangladeshi and 2.06 (1.59 to 2.68) for Black African; risks of death from congenital anomalies and combined rarer causes (infection, intrapartum conditions, SIDS and unclassified) increased with deprivation, the rate ratios comparing the most with the least deprived quintile being, respectively, 1.54 (1.22 to 1.93) and 2.05 (1.55 to 2.72). There was no evidence of socioeconomic variation in deaths from immaturity-related conditions.ConclusionsGestation-specific preterm infant mortality shows contrasting ethnic patterns of death from immaturity-related conditions in extremely-preterm babies, and congenital anomalies in moderate/late-preterm babies. Socioeconomic variation derives from congenital anomalies and rarer causes in moderate/late-preterm babies. Future research should examine biological origins of extremely preterm birth.
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Korzenny, Felipe, Joyce McClure, and Barbara Rzyttki. "Ethnicity, Communication, and Drugs." Journal of Drug Issues 20, no. 1 (January 1990): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269002000106.
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This study explored the degree to which different patterns of communication media exposure are associated with attitudes and behaviors related to drug usage, across four main diverse ethnic groups in the U.S.: whites, blacks, Hispanics and Asians. It was expected that members of these different groups would exhibit diverse patterns of correlation between their media habits and their drug attitudes and behaviors. By means of a quota sample, 171 personal interviews were completed with 45 white, 42 Hispanic, 43 Asian, and 41 black respondents in the Bay Area of San Francisco in the Fall of 1986. Of particular importance was that television exposure, Rock exposure, print and interpersonal channels behaved differently across ethnic groups. The most striking differences occurred when examining the associations between exposure to specific television shows and attitudes towards drugs and adventurous experimentation. Black and white respondents exhibited sharp contrasts which deserve careful scrutiny and understanding.
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Desai, Sheila, Mary Huynh, and Heidi E. Jones. "Differences in Abortion Rates between Asian Populations by Country of Origin and Nativity Status in New York City, 2011–2015." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 8, 2021): 6182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126182.
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Despite the size of the Asian population in New York City (NYC) and the city’s robust abortion surveillance system, abortion-related estimates for this population have not been calculated previously. This study examined the use of abortion services among specific Asian groups in NYC from 2011–2015. Using NYC surveillance data, we estimated abortion rates for Asians, disaggregated by five country of origin groups and nativity status, and for other major racial/ethnic groups. We compared rates between groups and over time. From 2014–2015, the abortion rate for Asian women in NYC was 12.6 abortions per 1000 women aged 15–44 years, lower than the rates for other major racial/ethnic groups. Among country of origin groups, Indian women had the highest rate (30.5 abortions per 1000 women), followed by Japanese women (17.0), Vietnamese women (13.0), Chinese women (8.8), and Korean women (5.1). Rates were higher for U.S.-born Asian groups compared to foreign-born groups, although the differential varied by country of origin. The abortion rate declined or remained steady for nearly all Asian groups from 2011–2015. These findings reinforce the importance of disaggregating data on this population at multiple levels and begin to provide much-needed evidence on the use of abortion services among Asian groups.
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Kroll, Mary E., Maria A. Quigley, Jennifer J. Kurinczuk, Nirupa Dattani, Yangmei Li, and Jennifer Hollowell. "Ethnic variation in unexplained deaths in infancy, including sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), England and Wales 2006–2012: national birth cohort study using routine data." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 72, no. 10 (July 4, 2018): 911–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-210453.
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BackgroundUnexplained deaths in infancy comprise ‘sudden infant death syndrome’ (SIDS) and deaths without ascertained cause. They are typically sleep-related, perhaps triggered by unsafe sleep environments. Preterm birth may increase risk, and varies with ethnicity. We aimed to compare ethnic-specific rates of unexplained infant death, explore sociodemographic explanations for ethnic variation, and examine the role of preterm birth.MethodsWe analysed routine data for 4.6 million live singleton births in England and Wales 2006–2012, including seven non-White ethnic groups ranging in size from 29 313 (Mixed Black-African-White) to 180 265 (Pakistani). We calculated rates, birth-year-adjusted ORs, and effects of further adjustments on the χ2 for ethnic variation.ResultsThere were 1559 unexplained infant deaths. Crude rates per 1000 live singleton births were as follows: 0.1–0.2 for Indian, Bangladeshi, Pakistani, White Non-British, Black African; 0.4 for White British; 0.6–0.7 for Mixed Black-African-White, Mixed Black-Caribbean-White, Black Caribbean. Birth-year-adjusted ORs relative to White British ranged from 0.38 (95% CI 0.24 to 0.60) for Indian babies to 1.73 (1.21 to 2.47) for Black Caribbean (χ2(10 df)=113.6, p<0.0005). Combined adjustment for parents’ marital/registration status and mother’s country of birth (UK/non-UK) attenuated the ethnic variation. Adjustments for gestational age at birth, maternal age and area deprivation made little difference.ConclusionSubstantial ethnic disparity in risk of unexplained infant death exists in England and Wales. Apparently not attributable to preterm birth or area deprivation, this may reflect cultural differences in infant care. Further research into infant-care practices in low-risk ethnic groups might enable more effective prevention of such deaths in the general population.
Book chapters on the topic "920503 Health Related to Specific Ethnic Groups"
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Trad, Antoine. "The Societal Transformation Framework Applied to Analyse the Evolution of Demographics in the Mediterranean Area for Geopolitical Analysis (EDMA4GA)." In Advances in Human Services and Public Health, 271–301. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7327-3.ch015.
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The Mediterranean area is probably the oldest structured and urbanized group of different civilizations. These civilizations have various roots, like the Latins; various types of Semite-tribes, North-Europeans, Celtics, Indo-Europeans, Turco-Asians, Persians, Byzantines, and many others nations. This specific mixture of ethnic-groups battled to occupy the Mediterranean area (MA), and many factors played major roles in the evolution of the mentioned area, like the role of economy and demography. Demography is the most important factor is related to the MA's colonization campaigns, which started with the Semite Phoenicians (SP). Many conditions affect demography, like, for example, aging, standard of life, medicine, culture, geographical conditions, and conflicts. In this chapter, the author presents a geopolitical analysis (GA) to analyse the reasons for the MA's and Middle Eastern area's (MEA) actual demographic configurations and tries to predict major future evolutions and probable decline.
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Kreager, Philip, and Elisabeth Schröder-Butterfill. "Population ageing and conjunctural action." In The Anthropological Demography of Health, 323–46. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862437.003.0012.
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One of the most promising conceptual and empirical breakthroughs to emerge from combined anthropological and demographic thinking is the theory of conjunctural action. Developed in a sequence of articles and books by Jennifer Johnson-Hanks, this approach provides an effective alternative to rationalist decision-making models that have prevailed in population studies over the whole post-War period. Observation and analysis of vital conjunctures show how social, economic, and political differences between groups in society are manifested in individual agency at specific points across the life course, and how people’s behaviour in this way differentiates the many subpopulations making up a society. The approach thus addresses directly two major shortcomings in population research: the need to explain mechanisms underlying the evolution of population heterogeneity, and the dynamics that entrench inequalities. To date, the study of conjunctural action has been addressed chiefly to fertility. In this chapter, we explore how health issues facing older people, their families, and communities are illuminated by this approach, drawing on multi-site, longitudinal ethnographic and demographic research in Indonesia. We begin with the nature of uncertainty and vulnerability at older ages, and how it can be modelled across the life course. This leads to consideration of the dynamic relation between individual action and subpopulation memberships, and how it articulates the compositional demography of status, network, ethnic, and related subpopulation memberships.
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"Urban and Community Fisheries Programs: Development, Management, and Evaluation." In Urban and Community Fisheries Programs: Development, Management, and Evaluation, edited by Barbara A. Knuth, Cynthia McOliver, Ellen K. Silbergeld, Nancy A. Connelly, and Ann Faulds. American Fisheries Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874042.ch12.
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<em>Abstract.-</em>Urban fisheries provide an opportunity to recruit new participants to recreational fishing, provide experiences with nature that may be limited in urban settings, and build a support base of stakeholders who care about the future management and quality of fisheries and other natural resources in urban environments. Urban fisheries, however, are subject to other pressures perhaps more so than nonurban fisheries, including viral and bacterial pathogens and chemical contaminants that enter the aquatic system, leading to the potential for human exposure to these agents through fishing and fish consumption. While contaminant-related concerns are often managed through the use of fish consumption advisories distributed by various organizations, including state and local government and civic society organizations, there are no standard advisories for pathogens beyond those for acute outbreak situations. Many studies demonstrate the differential effectiveness of fish consumption advisories in reaching white, male audiences versus anglers of other ethnic heritage, and women. The risks of pathogen and chemical contaminant exposure, however, may be greater in some cases for the fetus, or for immunocompromised individuals, suggesting women of childbearing age and individuals with particular health conditions merit specific attention. Urban anglers may fish more frequently and consume their catch more frequently than do nonurban anglers, and anglers in certain ethnic and minority groups may be at the higher end of the fish consumption spectrum, suggesting urban fisheries management should include concerns regarding environmental justice. Managing urban fisheries requires full evaluation of the potential health risks, including chemical contaminant and pathogen exposures, as well as accurate risk communication through effective community outreach, and responsive policy guidelines regarding stocking, signage, access, fish consumption advisories, and other considerations that may help to minimize human exposure to contaminants and/or pathogens. Urban fisheries also provide an opportunity to engage local constituencies, such as watershed associations and community groups, in working toward a cleaner environment.
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Batista, Sharon M., and Kelly L. Cozza. "Resources for Persons with AIDS and their Caregivers." In Handbook of AIDS Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195372571.003.0018.
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This chapter was developed as a basic reference list of resources for HIV clinicians to help them meet the various needs of persons with AIDS throughout the lifespan. The resources listed are by no means exhaustive or comprehensive, as there is a plethora of relevant literature, Web sites, and interest groups—too many to fit into a single chapter! Instead, this is a set of resources that the authors have found particularly useful when seeking answers to treatment-and social services–related questions at the bedside as well as in ambulatory and community settings. At the time of publication, these resources had been updated regularly and consistently; technology related to HIV evolves on an almost daily basis. A mixture of print and Internet-based resources is provided here—some will be useful to keep in the office setting for perusal or for patients, and some can be obtained on the Internet at a moment’s notice when the need arises. Many of the listings are for Web sites that can aid clinicians in accessing the most current information available on the Internet, which can change almost daily. The sites listed were current as of April 28, 2009. The resources in this section are intended primarily to aid health-care providers in accessing up-to-date answers to questions regarding diagnoses and treatments as well as ethical and legal issues. There are also several sources for patient education materials. While many of these resources are from U.S.-based organizations, much of the information contained within them is applicable in international practice settings. There is also a section related exclusively to population-based and international resources, pertaining to specific ethnic groups or areas outside of the United States. A primary care guideline for the care of persons with HIV is available in print (Aberg et al., 2009) and online and is updated regularly at: http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/page/cid/IDSAguidelines.html. National AIDS Treatment Advocacy Project: http://www.natap.org/ This organization lists upcoming conference and events, articles, and publications.