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1
Halcomb, Kathleen Ann. "HEALTH PROMOTION AND HEALTH EDUCATION: NURSING STUDENTS’ PERSPECTIVES." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/13.
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The purpose of this study was to determine student nurses’ perceptions of (1) the role of the nurse in health promotion, and (2) how the concept of health promotion is presented in nursing curricula. Research questions for this study included the following: 1) Can nursing students explain the difference between health education and health promotion? 2) What have nursing students been exposed to within their curriculum regarding health promotion? 3) What health promoting behaviors are nursing faculty role modeling as perceived by nursing students? 4) What is the role of the nurse in implementing health promotion as perceived by nursing students? 5) How do nursing students define health? Attendees of the 57 Annual National Student Nurse Association (NSNA) Convention were asked to complete an anonymous survey. A total of n= 227 surveys were returned resulting in a participation rate of 47%.
The findings from this study indicated that student nurses’ perceptions regarding the role of the nurse in health promotion revolve primarily around the concept of changing individual health behavior. While there are some indications that nursing students were exposed to the idea of health promotion as a socio-ecological approach that incorporates economic, policy, organizational and environmental changes, the majority of student nurses did not see faculty or nurses role-modeling a socio-ecological approach, nor did the students see themselves as participating in a more socio-ecological approach. For nurses to be recognized as health promoters, collaborate with health promotion leaders, and effectively teach nursing education, changes need to be made in the nursing curriculum to reflect appropriate and accurate health promotion concepts.
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Eke, Hilda. "The health promotion center A business plan." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10260115.
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This business plan proposes a health promotion center to help educate low-income families in Compton suffering from obesity on how to begin and maintain weight loss. Obesity is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths in adults and children. By creating a family and community-based center that provides individualized and group nutrition and fitness services, the rate of obesity can be significantly reduced.
The center which will be located in east Compton will operate as a non-profit organization. It will offer nutrition and fitness services through certified nutritionist and fitness specialist with emphasis placed on gradual weight loss. Meal planning, label reading and training, and grocery store tours are some of the nutrition services that will be offered, while aerobic training and weight training will be part of the fitness service. There will be a life coach and an on-site daycare at the center. The life coach will help potential families establish their weight loss needs, while the on-site day care will provide care for children while families exercise. Services will be offered at reduced prices, and payment will only be made out-of pocket.
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Stay, Grace Elizabeth. "The impact of a health promotion program on student health concerns." W&M ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618794.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the psychological impact of a health promotion program on fourth and fifth grade students. Other research has demonstrated that this same program was associated with physiological improvements in elementary children, and this investigation explored whether students experienced positive changes in attitude and awareness which may suggest that improved behaviors will be sustained over time.;Two schools in rural Virginia were sites for this study. In each school one fourth grade and one fifth grade class was randomly assigned to the treatment program, and one fourth and one fifth grade class were control groups. The American Heart Association's Heart Power program, a 16-lesson curriculum, was substituted for the standard health curriculum for four weeks, and presented by the classroom teachers. Measures of weight concerns, dietary self-efficacy, exercise awareness, body-concept and self-concept were given before and after the treatment, and then again three weeks later.;It was hypothesized that students participating in the Heart Power program would experience improvements in (1) awareness of the importance of exercise to health, (2) belief that they could make healthy food choices, (3) self-esteem and body-concept, and (4) a decrease in weight concerns.;The results were statistically significant for three of the five measures: exercise awareness, dietary self-efficacy and body-concept. There were not statistically significant differences in measured weight concerns and overall self-concept. Further research is needed to confirm the apparent effectiveness of this program in promoting positive changes in children and to determine which aspects of the program are most effective.
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Glenn, L. Lee, and Kimberly R. Dinsmore. "Effectiveness of Health Education and Promotion for Influenza Immunization." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7455.
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Excerpt: The recent study by Montejo, Richesson, Padilla, Zychowicz, and Hambley (2017) concluded that a multipronged occupational health education program to promote influenza vaccinations led to higher immunization rates among employees. However, this conclusion was not well supported by study data for two reasons: year-to-year differences in the experimental group and the nature of comparisons with the control group.
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Douchand, Brown Sandra Elaine. "Health Promotion Behaviors among African American Women." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/205.
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The purpose of this research was to examine and describe the relationships among health status, marital status, income level, education level, age, and body mass index (BMI) with the added influence of spirituality on the health promotion behaviors of African American women, living in South Florida. The sample consisted of 137 women, 18 to 64 years of age, who were born in the United States and whose parents were born in the United States. Each participant completed a demographic questionnaire, the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II), the Short Form-36 Health survey (SF-36), and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS). Descriptive and inferential statistics with an alpha level of .05 were used for data analysis. Statistically significant findings were (1) a positive relationship between health promotion behaviors and formal education, (2) a positive relationship between health promotion behaviors and spirituality (existential well-being), and (3) a negative relationship between health promotion behaviors and number of children. In the regression model, the five sets of variables together accounted for 25.5% of the variance in overall health promotion behaviors of African American women F (15, 121) = 2.768, p < .01. The health promotion behaviors of African American women were not significantly affected by health status, marital status or BMI. Of the five demographic variables entered in the model, only number of children and education made statistically significant, unique contributions to health promotion behaviors. A sense of life satisfaction and purpose (existential well-being) made an additional, statistically significant, unique contribution to health promotion behaviors among African American women. The unique contribution of religious well-being was trivial. Therefore, formal education, number of children, and spirituality (existential well-being) may be used as predictors of health promotion behaviors among African American women, based on the results of this study. Culturally appropriate and relevant interventions used to encourage and educate African American women to increase physical activity, and decrease caloric intake are critical to mitigate the high rate of morbidity and mortality that African American women experience from CVD.
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Kimbrough, Jennifer Bennett. "Towards equity in health envisioning authentic health education in schools /." Greensboro, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2007. http://libres.uncg.edu/edocs/etd/1393/umi-uncg-1393.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2007.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 22, 2007). Directed by H. Svi Shapiro; submitted to the School of Education. Includes bibliographical references (p. 165-169).
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Glew, Angela Marie-Maynard. "A descriptive analysis of worksite health promotion courses in undergraduate health education programs." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1177974.
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This study was designed to answer the following research questions: "To what extent do undergraduate health education programs offer a worksite health promotion course?" "What are the components included in the worksite health promotion courses offered by colleges and universities?" "Does program approval or accreditation impact whether or not a program offers a worksite health promotion course?" and "Does CHES preparation of students impact whether or not a program offers a worksite health promotion course?"Data were collected from colleges/universities across the nation using a written, mailed questionnaire. From the analysis of the data it was found that 24.7% of the undergraduate health education programs surveyed offer a worksite health promotion course, none of the components on the checklist were present in all WHP course syllabi, there does not appear to be a statistically significant relationship between a program having SABPAC approval or having NCATE accreditation and the offering of the WHP course, and there does not appear to be a statistical significant relationship between a program preparing it students for the CHES examination in the offering of a WHP course.Department of Physiology and Health Science
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Weare, Katherine. "Building bridges : the relationship of medical education to health promotion." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242681.
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Maduakor-Ugo, Augustina Chinyelu. "Effect of Education on Stigma of Epilepsy in South Eastern Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1130.
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There is a need for epilepsy-based health education programs to enlighten Nigerian communities and reduce the stigma associated with epilepsy. Epilepsy in Nigeria is viewed by some as a contagious and an infectious disease or a condition imposed from the gods, possessed by demons, as the work of witchcraft, or punishment from ancestral spirits, which are all related to a lack of knowledge about epilepsy leading to stigmatization of persons with epilepsy. Guided by the stigma theory, the purpose of this community-based, cross sectional study was to quantitatively examine the effect of an educational program on interpersonal, internalized, and institutional stigma of epilepsy in terms of knowledge, attitude, and treatment gained. Two hundred and fifty participants completed a general domain instrument which had been used in different countries, including South Eastern Nigeria, and revised for greater validity via a pilot study. Chi-square tests were used to examine any significant differences in participants' responses between pre- and post-test surveys regarding knowledge, attitude, and treatment gained of all 3 identified stigma levels. According to study results, the educational program reduced all 3 stigma levels in terms of attitude, knowledge, and treatment gained of epilepsy (p< 0.001). This study contributed to positive social change by providing information to public health workers on how to increase the knowledge and awareness of the South Eastern Nigerian community that epilepsy is not contagious or infectious and there is no need to isolate persons with epilepsy from their societies.
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Clarke, Jacy. "A comparison of lifestyle intervention sessions and clinical screening as motivators in the South Dakota WISEWOMAN program." ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/675.
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WISEWOMAN (WW) is a comprehensive program for medically underserved women in South Dakota (SD), aged 30 to 64, which aims to reduce morbidity and mortality from chronic diseases. Screening services include blood total cholesterol, blood pressure and blood glucose, and body mass index (BMI). Lifestyle intervention (LSI) sessions are also offered to address physical activity and nutrition. The purpose of this retrospective longitudinal study was to quantitatively examine whether the combination of LSI's and clinical screenings or clinical screenings alone lead to improvements in blood pressure, blood glucose, total cholesterol, and/or BMI at rescreening 10 to14 months from initial screening. Guided by the social ecological model, it was hypothesized that SD-WW participants attending the screening sessions as well as the intervention sessions would have greater reductions in blood pressure, total cholesterol, and blood glucose than participants who only received screenings. Participants included 653 low-income women aged 30 to 64 enrolled in the screening alone (N=423) and SD-WW program (N=230) from 2000-2005, who completed both the screening and rescreening 10 to14 months later. Secondary data analysis using forced-entry multiple regression of the traditional measures employed in the screening alone control condition yielded significant predictive models for change scores in blood pressure, BMI, blood glucose, and cholesterol among all participants. Neither dummy variable regression nor ANOVA results indicated any significant impact of the SD-WW intervention on these same health outcome changes. Findings contribute to positive social change by demonstrating that screening alone is effective in predicting health outcomes, thus allowing more disadvantaged women to be served by public agencies that may face reduced funding for their array of programs.
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Johnston, Georgia Neikirk Lewis. "Faith based health promotion : a descriptive case study /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Watson, Brenda Ivy. "African American Pastors' Perspectives on Health Promotion Ministries." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3846.
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The centrality of the church in African American communities makes it a culturally compelling sponsor for health promotion activities targeting health disparities among the medically underserved. Pastoral support is critical in determining whether a church initiates or supports a health promotion agenda, but there is little understanding of the variables that influence this decision. The aim of the qualitative study was to investigate the perceptions of African American pastors regarding the decision to incorporate health promotion programs in their churches. This study was guided by the health belief model using a phenomenological approach. Data were collected using both semi-structured and open-ended interviews. Ten pastors of North Carolina African American churches, with and without health promotion ministries, were recruited for the study. Eight pastors agreed to participate in the study. They were interviewed, and interviews were recorded and transcribed. The data were open coded and analyzed. NVivo 11 was used to manage the data. Five themes emerged from the study: the importance of health promotion, pastor support of a health promotion program, pastor influence on individuals in the congregation, the health status of church members, and barriers and facilitators. Positive social change may be realized by using this information to increase the effectiveness of culturally sensitive health information and developing health education programs that specifically target the African American faith community. Information from this research could help guide public health agencies on how to approach health programming in this specific area and for this population.
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Schira, Norma. "A Survey of Health Promotion Activities of Health Systems Agencies." TopSCHOLAR®, 1986. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1980.
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The National Health Planning and Resources Development Act. Public Law 93-641, the last major step in the regulation of the health care system, created a network of health system agencies and state level health planning agencies. Subsequent legislation, the Health Planning and Resources Development Amendment 1929, Public Law 96-79, amended 1974 Law and changed the role and function of health systems agencies to include more regulatory activities. By 1981, the activities of Health System Agencies were being curtained by the action of the Reagan administration.
The Health promotion/wellness movement which seeks to improve health has been developing as a compliment to medical medicine for several years. Previous research has determined that health systems agencies were active in health promotion and identified several planning and implementation activities related to this involvement. This is a survey of health systems agencies to determine their efforts in healthy promotions. Resources allocated to these activities, and opinions of the director relevant to agency involvement in health promotion.
All active healthy system agencies listed in the 1980. Directory of Health System Agencies (DHSH) were surveyed by a mailed questionnaire. Reponses were receive from 112 agencies (57%) and the respondents were found to be representative of the population.
The results revealed health systems agencies to be involved in health promotion. More than 90 percent of the responders listed some type of health promotion activity in their Healthy System Plans for the 1979-1980 planning year. Approximately half of the responders reported some community activity in health promotion. The majority of executive directors saw health systems agencies as being only moderately effective in controlling health care costs: considered healthy promotion as a viable means of controlling health care cost: and believed that modifications of individual life-styles had the greatest potential for improving health status.
The survey revealed that Healthy System Agencies did not restrict the wellness/health promotion activities to traditional health facilities, but were defining health broadly and working with a variety of agencies to develop services.
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Runciman, Phyllis Janet. "Interpreting health promotion with older people in community health nursing : education and practice perspectives." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547440.
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Latter, Susan Marianne. "Health education and health promotion : perceptions and practice of nurses in acute care settings." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1994. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/health-education-and-health-promotion--perceptions-and-practice-of-nurses-in-acute-care-settings(ad41c917-a4f4-4db4-9e02-2f20555f91b5).html.
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The aim of this study was to examine nurses' perceptions and practice of health education and health promotion in the acute care setting. Ward sisters (n=132) working on acute wards in nine District Health Authorities were interviewed using a semi-stuctured schedule. Data were collected on perceptions of health education and health promotion, nurses' role in these activities, and factors influencing nurses' health education and promotion practice on the ward. Data were analyzed using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. In the second phase of the study, three wards were selected as case studies of nurses' practice. Data collection methods employed to describe nurses' practice included: non-participant observation, audio-recording of nurse-patient interactions, self-administered questionnaires and reflective field notes. A largely qualitative approach was taken to the analysis of these data. The findings from the interviews indicated that the ward sisters had limited understandings of the meaning of health education and health promotion and nurses' roles in these activities. Findings from the case study wards as a whole suggested that nurses' health education and promotion practice was generally extremely limited, although there were some differences between wards in the extent of this evolution. A number of factors may help explain these findings. These include: nurses' knowledge and skills in health education and health promotion, the philosophy, organization and management of care adopted, and the extent to which these offer opportunities for empowerment in nursing. It is suggested that nurses' perceptions and practice can be conceptualized with reference to a continuum of health promoting nursing practice, and that only limited progress has been made towards nurses' full potential. It is argued that if nurses are to develop their health promoting practice, a philosophical shift in nursing is necessary. Together with the acquisition of appropriate knowledge and skills, this may empower nurses to realise their potential.
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Tarro, Sanchez Lucia. "HEALTHY LIFESTYLES -EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION. EDUCACIÓ EN ALIMENTACIÓ (EDAL) COHORT." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284707.
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L’Obesitat (OB) és un dels principals determinants de mortalitat evitable. L’objectiu és avaluar els efectes del programa escolar EdAl que promou estils saludables de vida, inclouen recomanacions dietètiques i d’activitat física (AF) en la prevalença d’OB, en nens de 7-8 anys, durant 28 mesos i dos anys després de la seva finalització. La intervenció del programa es basa en 8 objectius d’estil de vida desenvolupats en 4 activitats/any durant 3 anys (12 activitats; 1h/activitat) realitzat per estudiants universitaris en qualitat d’Agent Promotor de la Salut (APS). Les dades recollides inclouen nom, gènere, any i lloc de naixement, pes, alçada, Índex de Massa Corporal (IMC) i perímetre de cintura, cada any de seguiment i un qüestionari sobre hàbits d’alimentació i d’Activitat Física (AF) contestat pels pares/tutors. Després de 28 mesos d’intervenció, la prevalença d’OB en els nens intervenció va disminuir 4,39% (p<0.05) en comparació amb els nens control, i van tenir una reducció efectiva de -0,24 unitats en el canvi d’IMC z-score, en comparació amb els controls (p=0,02), però les nenes no; el 5,1% dels escolars del grup intervenció feien >5h/setmana d’AF extraescolar al final de la intervenció comparat amb el grup control (p=0,02). Després de 2 anys de finalitzar el programa, el grup intervenció va canviar el seu IMC z-score amb una efectiva reducció dels dos gèneres. Un 16% més dels escolars practiquen ≥4h/setmana AF extraescolar en el grup intervenció (p<0,01). El programa EDAL proporciona 12 activitats desenvolupades per APS, centrades en els conceptes d'estil saludables de vida que es poden aconseguir mitjançant la millora de la dieta i la pràctica d'AF; és una eina fàcil per ser implementat per APS com a part del currículum universitari per reduir la prevalença d’OB i incrementar l’AF en nens/es mantenint aquests beneficis durant 2 anys després de la seva finalització.La obesidad (OB) es un determinante de mortalidad evitable. El objetivo es evaluar los efectos del programa escolar EdAl que promueve estilos saludables de vida, incluyendo recomendaciones dietéticas y de actividad física (AF) en prevalencia de OB, en niños de 7-8 años, durante 28 meses y dos años después de su finalización. La intervención del programa se basa en 8 objetivos de estilo de vida desarrollados en 4 actividades/año durante 3 años (12 actividades; 1h/actividad) realizado por estudiantes universitarios como Agentes Promotores de Salud (APS). Los datos recogidos incluyen nombre, género, año y lugar de nacimiento, peso, altura, índice de masa corporal (IMC) y perímetro de cintura, cada año de seguimiento y un cuestionario sobre hábitos de alimentación y de Actividad Física (AF) contestado por los padres/tutores. Después de 28 meses de intervención, la prevalencia de OB en los niños intervención disminuyó 4,39% (p<0,05) en comparación con los niños control, y tuvieron una reducción efectiva de -0,24 unidades en el cambio de IMC z- score, en comparación con los controles (p=0,02), pero las niñas no; el 5,1 % de los escolares del grupo intervención hacían >5h/semana de AF extraescolar al final de la intervención comparado con el control (p=0,02). Después de 2 años de finalizar el programa, el grupo intervención cambió su IMC z-score con una efectiva reducción de los dos géneros. Un 16 % más de los escolares practican ≥4h/semana AF extraescolar en el grupo intervención (p< 0,01). El programa EdAl proporciona 12 actividades desarrolladas por APS, centradas en estilos saludables de vida alcanzables mejorando la dieta y la práctica de AF; es una herramienta fácil para ser implementada por APS como parte del currículum universitario para reducir la prevalencia de OB e incrementar la AF en niños/as manteniendo estos beneficios 2 años después de su finalización.
Obesity (OB) is one of the main determinants of avoidable disease burden. The objective is to evaluate the effects of the EdAl primary-school-based program that promotes healthy lifestyle, including dietary and Physical Activity (PA recommendations on OB prevalence, in childhood aged 7-8-year-old, over 28 months, and 2-year post-cessation EdAl program. The intervention program is based on 8 lifestyles topics that are developed in 4 educational activities/year for 3 years (12 activities; 1 h/activity) performed by university students acting as Health Promoter Agent (HPA). Data collected include name, gender, date and place of birth, weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, each year of follow-up. Questionnaires on eating and PA habits are filled-in by the parents or guardians each year of follow-up. After 28-months of EdAl program, OB prevalence in intervention boys was decreased 4.39% (p<0.05) compared with control boys, but not in girls. The intervention boys had an effective reduction of −0.24 units in the change of BMI z-score, compared to control; 5.1% more intervention pupils undertook PA >5 hours/week than control pupils (p=0.02). Two-year follow-up, OB prevalence of intervention group was reduced (-5.5%; p<0.01) and BMI z-score (-0.25; p<0.01) in both genders; 16% higher scholars practice ≥4 after-school PA h/week in intervention group (51.7% vs. 34.9%; p<0.01). The design of EdAl program provided 12 activities developed by HPA and are designed to be entertaining but as well informative, and are focused on healthy lifestyle concepts that can be achieved by improving diet and PA practice. A regular, systematic, educational intervention that promotes healthy lifestyle, including dietary and PA recommendations is an easy tool implemented by HPA as part of their university curriculum to reduce the prevalence of OB and increase after-school PA practice in children and these benefits achieved are sustained at 2-year post-cessation intervention.
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Alton, Sarahjane. "Peer education as a strategy for health promotion in older women /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09HS/09hsa469.pdf.
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Hernandez, Beverly J. D. "The relationship between leadership styles and performance success in hospitals." ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/789.
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Upheavals in the health care landscape threaten the sustainability of contemporary hospital organizations. Yet there is limited research regarding the characteristics of leaders within successful hospitals. The problem is the leadership styles needed to effectively run hospital organizations have not been identified and/or established. The purpose of this study was to develop a model of congruent leadership styles linked to the success of hospitals in one metropolitan city. The research questions sought to uncover (a) consistent leadership styles within successful hospitals, and (b) what, if any, relationship exists between leadership styles and measures of success. Examination of the literature uncovered the value of leadership to organizations through theoretical frameworks of organizational development, organizational culture, leadership, and change strategies that supported the need for hospital organizations to foster leadership practices associated with successful outcomes. Correlational analyses were used to examine the relationship between leadership styles and successful hospital outcomes. Primary data for this research were collected from 109 hospital leaders via the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) Form 5X. Results from this study indicated an increased likelihood of performance success with the application of transformational characteristics. These findings support positive social change as results may serve as a model for leadership practices within 21st century hospitals. Results should further heighten social consciousness to spawn the development of related college curricula, scholarship programs, and leadership alliances that weave transformational characteristics into the leadership fabric of contemporary hospital organizations.
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Mihrete, Kifle. "Association Between Fast Food Consumption and Obesity and High Blood Pressure Among Office Workers." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1022.
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Fast food consumption among office workers is a common phenomenon. Frequent consumption of fast food is linked to cardiovascular risk factors. The pervasiveness of these risk factors has debilitated the office workers' health and contributed to low performance and absenteeism. However, there remains a significant gap in the current literature regarding the health impacts of frequent fast food consumption behavior of office workers. Consuming large portions of fast food has been associated with obesity. The purpose of this correlation study was to investigate the relationship between fast food consumption and obesity and hypertension among office workers. The theoretical foundations for this study are based on socio ecological model which is concerned with interactions between the individual and the different elements of the environment. Of 145 randomly selected office workers, 55 completed surveys about their food behavior and 36 of them had body mass index and blood pressure measured. Spearman rank-ordered correlations revealed significant correlations of moderate strength between fast food portion size and obesity (rs = .37) and between frequent fast food consumption and hypertension (rs = .40). These results constitute an important contribution to the existing literature and can be used by the health professionals and management to design workplace health intervention which focuses on the office workers and the social environment. Implications for positive social change include reducing the prevalence of obesity and hypertension.
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Brodie, Kimberly Becknel. "Intrapersonal and community-related influences of rural adolescent pregnancy: A mixed-method approach." ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/674.
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The majority of data on adolescent pregnancy pertains to urban communities, therefore, the individual and social influences associated with adolescent pregnancy in rural communities have not been extensively explored. The pregnancy rate among adolescent women aged 15 to 19 in rural Vance County, North Carolina, is 113.7 per 1,000, nearly twice the state average. This sequential mixed-method study used the social ecological model to evaluate the intrapersonal and community-related factors associated with adolescent pregnancy in this rural area. A quantitative survey assessed intrapersonal factors, namely sexual health knowledge, sex-related attitudes, and self-esteem in pregnant or parenting and nonpregnant or nonparenting groups. Two sample t tests revealed significant differences between groups relative to personal sexual values and attitudes toward premarital sex. There were no significant differences between groups for sexual health knowledge scores or self-esteem scores. Qualitative focus group discussions with one group, consisting of pregnant, parenting, nonpregnant, and nonparenting participants, assessed community opportunity structure as a behavior-influencing dynamic. Open-coding analysis revealed perceptions of strained employment and education-related structures, low community expectations of pregnant adolescents, and the influence of peer-related normative beliefs in early sexual intercourse. To bring about social change, community organizations should collaborate to engage participant-driven research while prioritizing the implementation of county-wide, comprehensive sex education programs. Improved programming could repair social norms, increase sexual health knowledge, and encourage personal responsibility over sexual health decisions.
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Kwedi, Sylvie Anne. "Evaluation of Capacity for Best Practice of Clinical Vaccine Research in Western Kenya." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1010.
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African institutions that perform health research need to continuously evaluate their practices in order to ensure compliance with international standards of good clinical practice (GCP). This mixed-methods study, undertaken at one clinical research site in Western Kenya, was an evaluation of GCP compliance at the site, research participants' satisfaction with research procedures, and research participants' comprehension of informed consent. The qualitative portion of the study involved audit of the site's compliance with GCP standards. The quantitative portion was an assessment of participant satisfaction and informed consent comprehension, undertaken through interviews with a sample of 297 participants. Thematic analysis of the qualitative data showed that the site's performance conformed with GCP standards. Descriptive statistical analysis of the quantitative data showed that the majority of study participants were content with study procedures. A majority understood those parts of the informed consent process related to study duration and purpose but not those parts of the informed consent process related to the purpose and benefits of the study. Univariate chi square analysis showed no statistically significant differences in the level of satisfaction by age, occupation, or level of education, and there were no statistically significant differences in the level of informed consent comprehension by duration in the study or staff levels of experience. Implications for positive social change include guiding future health research capacity-building efforts in Africa toward better compliance with GCP standards and development of higher quality of informed consent procedures.
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Kilby, Linda M. "The effect of breastfeeding on the BMI of Hispanic preschool children." ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/804.
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The American Academy of Pediatrics and World Health Organization recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first 4-6 months of life to reduce risk of obesity in pre-school children. Previous research has indicated a high rate of obesity among Hispanic children in the northeastern United States. There is also a gap in the literature regarding the effectiveness of exclusive breastfeeding in preventing obesity among preschool Hispanic children. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if there was an association between exclusive breastfeeding and obesity among pre-school Hispanic children enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Education Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) in a metropolitan area of mid-Atlantic region between the years 2004 and 2009. This retrospective secondary analysis of data for 4454 Hispanic children compared the body mass index (BMI) at 36-59 months of age for those that were breastfed to those that were not breastfed using the Student's t-test. Duration of exclusive breastfeeding was examined for any correlation with BMI for the cohort of breastfeeding women using Pearson's correlation analysis. Results revealed that the BMI for 1181 breastfed children was not statistically different from the non-breastfed children (16.97 vs. 17.04). However, there was a statistically significant inverse relationship between duration of breastfeeding and BMI among children of breastfeeding mothers (r = -.75, p < .05). These results make an important contribution to the existing literature and can enhance social change initiatives by encouraging practitioners to educate Hispanic mothers on the positive effects of exclusive breastfeeding the first 4 months of life which could help minimize obesity prevalence among children.
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Johnson, Bridget Ann. "Mental health promotion in Western Cape schools :an exploration of factors relating to risk, resilience and health promotion." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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Recent South African research has confirmed that there is reason to be concerned about the mental health status and well-being of our youth. School-going youth are engaging in a wide array of risk behaviours that seriously threaten their well-being and hamper their chances of experiencing success in the future. The aim of this research was to explore factors relating to risk, resilience and health promoting schools in order to enhance the well-being of youth in South Africa.
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Chaney, Robert A. "A Spatial Epidemiological Approach to Adolescent Drug Use for Health Promotion and Education." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1397467432.
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Burrell, Courtnie Jones. "Promotion of the Hospital's Patient Portal." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1681.
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The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services wanted to ensure that electronic health records were used in a meaningful manner to improve coordination and quality of patient care. In 2011, the federal government began offering monetary incentives to help healthcare facilities and providers adopt technology that supported patient access and increased their ability to manage their own health. The hospital where this project took place encouraged patients’ involvement in their health by providing a patient portal, yet the public has underutilized it. The purpose of this project was to develop an evidence-based strategy for future implementation at the hospital that will increase patients’ use of the hospital’s portal. Education will be provided through an interaction between patients and a designated staff member. An informative video describing the functionality and benefits of the portal will be shown to patients to see if individualized education increases portal enrollment and participation in the portal. Adult learning theory informed this quality improvement project. In addition, the logic model served as the framework for the development of an evaluation strategy that the organization will use post implementation. The project targets social change through patient engagement. Ideally, patient portal education will increase portal enrollment, which will increase patients’ knowledge of their health information. Evidence indicates access to one’s own health information is a first step in improving and strengthening self-care and achieving better clinical outcomes.
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Adeyemi, Mosunmola. "Factors Affecting Cervical Cancer Screening Among African Women Living in the United States." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1105.
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More than half of the incidents and mortality rates from cervical cancer occur among minority groups, including immigrant women from continental Africa living in the United States. Although researchers have examined cervical cancer screening practices among minority populations, including Black women in Africa and in the United States, there are few studies on cervical cancer screening and associated risk factors, specifically among African women living in the United States. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between selected factors and cervical cancer screening practices among African immigrant women living in the United States. Using the behavioral model for vulnerable populations as a theoretical basis, this cross-sectional quantitative study was focused on determining the association between family income, level of education, language of interview, insurance status, age, and perceived health status and cancer screening practices. Data on 572 African immigrant women from the National Health Interview Survey in 2005, 2008, and 2010 were used for the study. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Key findings indicate that family income, education level, and age were significantly associated with cervical cancer screening practices among African immigrant women in the United States. Findings from the study support positive social change by targeting at-risk groups for cervical cancer screening programs. The long-term goal of early cervical cancer screening is to lower cervical cancer rates among African immigrant women in the United States. The findings from the study can be used by community health professionals to provide education that can lead to utilization of cervical cancer screening services based on guidelines and recommendations.
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Tsang, Woo Che-moy Betty. "A participatory action research : the effectiveness of a health education/promotion programme." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438758.
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Yatchyshyn, Todd. "Educational Stakeholders' Perspectives on School-Based Obesity Prevention Programs." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1141.
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Childhood obesity is a worldwide problem that can lead to adverse health conditions. In several rural Pennsylvania communities, over one third of elementary students are characterized as overweight, having a body mass index above the 85th percentile. The purpose of the study was to investigate educational stakeholders' perspectives about school-based obesity-prevention programs. The conceptual framework focused on cognitive theory, the theory of planned behavior, and the trans-theoretical model of health behavior change, which postulates that an individual's readiness to change is the most important factor of intervention programs. Qualitative interview data were gathered from 18 educational stakeholders. Inductive code-based analysis led to categories and themes. Key findings revealed a variety of barriers that limited and prevented effective student-wellness initiatives: students' physical activity; family dynamics, schedules, and socioeconomic factors; lack of transportation limiting children's participation in physical activities; parental engagement and input on obesity-prevention initiatives; and cafeteria environment and meal offerings. Findings informed the development of a policy recommendation for a research-based nutrition education program for schools and a strategy to communicate students' cafeteria habits to parents. Recommendations include a heightened awareness on factors contributing to obesity, as well as better educator-led planning to make improvements to school-based programs. Implications for positive social change may be the potential to increase awareness of healthy behaviors and improved student health through obesity-prevention methods, exercise patterns, and dietary habits of youth. These healthy habits may reduce adverse health effects in adulthood, which could hold the potential to improve the health of the next generation.
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Brinker, Jeffrey Scott. "Academic incentives impact on increasing seventh -graders physical activity during leisure time." ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/647.
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Recent research clearly demonstrates that a decrease of physical activity has occurred among young people. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine the impact of external motivation on physical activity. Drawn from self-determination theory, the specific research question examined if academic incentives effectively motivated 7th grade students to participate in a 3-week fitness program. A quasi-experimental pre-post design examined treatment and control groups drawn from a sample of 24 students from three physical education classes. The treatment group received academic incentives whereas the control group received no external incentives but were asked to complete the same fitness Program. Independent-sample t-test of the physical activity section of the 2005 Youth Risk Behavior System Survey (YRBS) revealed no group differences on the posttest. Dependent-sample tests indicated little pretest-posttest change in YRBS scores, leading to the conclusion the academic incentive had no major effect on students' motivation to be physically active outside the school environment. This research contributes to positive social change by provided additional insight into what motivates or does not motivate 7th graders to be physically active.
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Björklund, Erika. "Constituting the healthy employee? : Governing gendered subjects in workplace health promotion." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Pedagogik, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1953.
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With a post-structural approach and an analytical focus on processes of governmentality and biopower, this study is concerned with how discourses of health are contextualized in educational practice and interaction between educators and participants in workplace health promotion (WHP) interventions. Of concern are issues of the discursive production, regulation and representation of power, knowledge and subjects as gendered beings in workplace health promotion interventions. The methods for generating data are participant observation, interviews and gathering of documentation pertaining to four different workplace health promotion nterventions. Based on these data, the thesis offers an analysis of the health discourses drawn on in the interventions and the technologies of power and of the self by which the participants are governed and invited to govern themselves in the name of health. It also asks what practices and positions that thus come to be made available or not to the participants. Two health discourses are identified: the biomedical discourse and the wellness discourse. Both discourses are drawn on in all four studied interventions, the biomedical discourse being the dominating discourse drawn on. The biomedical discourse is informed by scientific ‘facts’ and statistics and is underpinned by a notion of risk. The wellness discourse is informed by an understanding of health as a subjective embodied experience and is underpinned by a notion of pleasure. Drawing on these discourses, the responsibility for health is placed with the participants and the healthy participant/employee is constituted as a rationally motivated risk-avoider and disciplined pleasure seeker who is both willing and able to actively make ‘good’ choices regarding their lifestyle. Furthermore, and informed by essentialist and heteronormative ideas about gender, the ideal healthy person is modelled on a male norm, representing women as the deviant Other.
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Wright, Dawna Reneé. "Collaborative transfer of a public health program." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3037025.
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Kaplanis, Gina Ferra. "Harnessing Nature for Occupational Therapy: Interventions and Health Promotion." Diss., NSUWorks, 2019. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_ot_student_dissertations/66.
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Literature is beginning to emerge which states that participation in natural environments can be restorative, provide much needed physical activity and assist with health promotion and prevention of illness. Theories such as Attention Restoration Theory (Kaplan, 1995) and Biophilia Hypothesis (Wilson, 1993) support the benefits for participation in natural outdoor environments. Health benefits of participation in nature including accessing Vitamin D, improving balance, attention restoration, reduced myopia, stress reduction are widely present in literature. Despite the health benefits of participation in nature, occupational therapists rarely complete interventions in the natural environment. Principles of adult learning and occupational adaptation were used to create a 12-hour continuing education for occupational therapists to develop skills to use in natural outdoor practice. Data was collected from course previews, surveys about continuing education at sea and using principles of adult learning to create the course and utilize a new format ReLAP, in which continuing education focuses on reflection on current practice, learning new information relevant to intervention, applying and planning to use that information in practice.
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Moore, S. Jason. "The Relationship Between Daily Snowfall Accumulation and Pattern and Severity of Traumatic Injuries at a U.S. Ski Resort." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/950.
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Throughout the relevant literature, research addressing the impact of a specific environmental factor, such as snowfall, on injury patterns or severity among alpine skiers and snowboarders is sparse. The foundation for inquiry into this relationship was developed based on principles of physics and traumatology coupled with findings in the available literature. Secondary analysis of trauma registry data coupled with daily snowfall measurements from one of the largest ski areas in North America illustrated a negative correlation between daily snowfall amount and injury severity (r = -.08). Concordant findings demonstrated an increased odds of sustaining an injury defined as severe or critical according to Injury Severity Score (ISS) classification when there was less than two inches of fresh snowfall (OR = 3.9; 95% CI[1.06, 16.69]). Additionally, utilizing the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), a regional anatomical finding illustrated that in the absence of recent snowfall, there was an increased odds of sustaining a thoracic injury defined as severe in this patient population (OR = 10.4; 95% CI[1.62, 66.9]). Secondary research considerations detailed the variances in injury severity resulting from a collision when compared to a fall and the predilection for skiers to sustain increased lower extremity injuries when compared to snowboarders. Findings from this project may lead to positive social change as the increased understanding of predictive factors contributing to injury can be directly applied to further the current understanding of trauma care in this patient population. The benefits from this work may also extend to the public health arena through enhanced educational opportunities for skiers and snowboarders as well as enhanced resort safety initiatives tailored to the ambient conditions.
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Arori, Christopher Nyakundi. "Assessing the Influence of Socioeconomic Factors, Knowledge Level, Attitudes, and Practices on Malaria Prevention Among the Gusii People of Kenya." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/961.
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Global morbidity and mortality associated with malaria is rampant, and most of the clinical malaria cases are found in sub Saharan Africa. Previous and current research show that malaria is both preventable and treatable and that socioeconomic variables have a profound influence on how persons in rural Africa respond to malaria infections and the associated preventive strategies. This study assessed two key research questions for malaria cases in the Gusii region of Kenya regarding: First, whether a community education program on malaria has an impact in changing malaria preventive behaviors; and, second, if a relationship exists between socioeconomic factors and participants' knowledge and associated behavioral change to control malaria cases. Participatory model and social cognitive theory were used in conjunction with a community intervention with pre-post-test approach. Ten trainees each interviewed 36 participants, for a total of 360 participants, using a structured questionnaire before and after providing a layperson health education program (LPHEP) related to malaria prevention. Repeated measures one-way ANOVA, Chi-square, and Cramer's V test were used for the test of significance. Results showed statistically significant differences between pre- and post-test scores on signs and symptoms of malaria. Participants were able to identify and stated > 2 signs and symptoms of malaria after exposure to the LPHEP. Implications for positive social change included evidence that a simple LPHEP can improve malaria knowledge level.
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Ogungbade, Gbadebo Ogundiran. "Social capital variables as predictors of HIV risk-taking behaviors among sub-Saharan African immigrants in the United States." ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/815.
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Vulnerable populations, including immigrants, are often at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection because of their risk-taking behaviors. This study investigated risk-taking behavior for HIV infection among Sub-Saharan African (SSA) immigrants in United States. Using social capital as a theoretical foundation, the study aimed to address the question, is there any association between social capital assets of educational opportunity, employment, and eligibility for social assistance and HIV risk-taking behavior, defined as condom use before sex (CUBS) among SSA immigrant in the U.S? Potential participants were recruited through religious and social organizations in a southwestern US state. The survey generated 167 responses. The majority of the participants were Nigerians, single females, and Christians, with monthly income of more than {dollar}500.00. Analysis using Chi square statistic and unconditional logistic regression model showed that those without education opportunity were more likely to use condom but no significant association existed between social assistance opportunity and CUBS. Employed participants were 83 times more likely than those who were unemployed to use a condom before sex. Being employed was the strongest indicator of HIV risk-taking avoidance behavior among SSA immigrants in the U.S. This study provides insight into risk-taking behaviors among SSA immigrants. This information can be used by providers of services to immigrants and other vulnerable populations in the U.S., policy makers, and social advocacy groups that target HIV prevention. Implications for social change included the recognition of employment as a deterrent to HIV risk-taking behaviors among vulnerable populations.
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Sullivan, Daniel. "Association Between Vegan, Vegetarian, and Omnivorous Diets and Overweight and Obesity." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/963.
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Overweight and obesity and associated health risks have become epidemic in several regions around the world. Numerous studies have addressed the dietary habits of vegetarians and vegans in terms of disease prevention and nutritional deficiencies but the relationship between overweight and obesity and the demographic, psychosocial, lifestyle, and dietary intake of omnivores, vegetarians, and vegans has received less attention. Guided by the social-ecological model, this study included a cross-sectional, quantitative, anonymous web-based survey to obtain dietary information on omnivores, vegetarians, and vegans. Vegans demonstrated a significantly lower mean and median body mass index ( p=0.00) than omnivores, semi-vegetarians, and vegetarians. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated no significant difference in the odds of overweight (OR=0.41; p=1.14) and obesity (OR=0.47; p=0.28) in vegans compared to omnivores. Alcohol was significantly protective against obesity for both 1-2 (OR=0.33; p=0.03) and 3-30 (OR=0.20; p=0.01) days drinking per month while binge drinking significantly increased the odds of obesity (OR=4.44; p=0.01). Multiple logistic regression analysis stratified for levels of exercise revealed an interaction between diet and exercise. A vegan diet was significantly protective against obesity for low-level exercise in terms of frequency (OR=0.31; p=0.02 ) and total minutes per week (OR=0.23; p=0.02) compared to omnivores. Coupled with prior studies these results may contribute to positive social change by facilitating a broad-based paradigm shift in the view of diet and exercise as well as providing evidence that can be implementated in broad-based obesity control programs to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with obesity.
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White, Monique Shanta. "Risk Factors for Development of High Blood Pressure and Obesity Among African American Adolescents." ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/842.
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Childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States and has been linked to hypertension, especially among African American youth. Optimistic bias leads youth to underestimate their susceptibility to negative health outcomes. Public health officials want to reduce risk factors to result in significant long term reduction in cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to explore adolescent behavior practices in a school district and prevalence of high blood pressure and obesity in that population. The health belief model guided the framework for this study. Research questions examined relationship between individual health risk practices and optimistic bias on health outcomes. Using a correlational research design, 433 African American high school students were administered a face-to-face survey and had their obesity and blood pressure measured by the school nurse. Canonical correlational analyses were used to examine relationships between health risk practices and descriptive statistics for optimistic bias and health outcomes. Among the health risk practices, engaging in moderate exercise for at least 30 minutes in the last 7 days and lower blood pressure was the only statistically significant relationship. Despite presence of clinical risk factors for hypertension and obesity, two-thirds of the students did not perceive themselves to be at risk of developing cardiovascular disease, with males at greater risk than females. Reducing health optimistic bias is viewed as an effective way of motivating young people to adopt more positive behaviors. This study has social change implications for using educational institutions to implement intervention programs that promote positive health behavior among youth not as an individual responsibility but as a way to reduce health disparities at the systemic level.
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Paparone, Pamela A. "Leadership and Attitudes on Adopting Evidence-Based Practice for Influenza Vaccination." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1133.
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The United States has set a 90% benchmark for influenza vaccinations for healthcare personnel. Unfortunately, healthcare personnel fall far short of that mark with current rates as low as 62%. Low vaccination rates are responsible for influenza, nosocomial influenza, influenza-like illness, and mortality during influenza season. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to understand the relationship between leadership styles, attitudes towards evidence-based practice, and vaccination intention among New Jersey registered nurses (RNs). Diffusion of innovations theory was the theoretical foundation. The 3 instruments used were the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, Evidence Based Practice Attitude Scale, and Behavioral Intention Scales, which measured independent variables such as transformational leadership and attitudes toward evidence-based practice. Vaccination intent was the dependent variable. The results showed that transformational leadership was positively related to vaccination intent r(353) = .16, p < .01. There was no relationship between transactional leadership and vaccination intent r(353) = .01, p > .05 nor between attitudes toward evidence-based practice and vaccination intent r(353) = .09, p > .05. The implication of the study is that the effects of transformational leadership constitute a predictive tool to identify how an organization can increase vaccination rates among RNs. Implementing the recommendations of the study could promote social change by providing nursing leadership with tools to facilitate increased vaccination rates among health care personnel. Increasing vaccination rates for healthcare personnel will decrease vaccine-preventable illnesses and improve outcomes for hospitalized patients.
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Dreyfuss, M. S. "Foodborne or pandemic: An analysis of the transmission of norovirus-associated gastroenteritis and the role of food handlers." ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/659.
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This study examined the strength of association between food workers and food to norovirus in comparison to bacteria associated with foodborne-related gastroenteritis by whether norovirus had a direct (physical evidence), indirect (statistical evidence), or suspect (neither of the two) association with food or food handlers. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention considers norovirus to cause the largest number of foodborne-related gastroenteritis cases in the United States. The association of norovirus with foodborne outbreaks through its information data collection form focuses on the food worker as the typical source. Yet, many outbreaks are not foodborne in nature. The gap in the research is the evidence supporting the theory that norovirus transmission is the same as bacterial transmission. A secondary data anaylsis was conducted on the data from the electronic Foodborne Outbreak Reporting System between 1998 and 2006. An odds ratio analysis showed no similarity between proportion of the implicated and nonimplicated numbers of outbreaks from norovirus and those from Salmonella. The odds ratios also showed a stronger similarity between proportions of food handler implicated outbreaks from norovirus than from Salmonella. An analysis showed, though, a significant emphasis was not placed on the food handler but on other indirect routes of transmission of norovirus in outbreaks. The analysis also indicated that norovirus transmission was not mainly through food. Norovirus transmission appeared to be through person-to-person rather than food and had more similarities with pandemic influenza than gastroenteritis-associated bacteria. A change in approach to norovirus by local, state, and federal agencies could have social change implications for prevention, surveillance, and public health programs to reduce infection and outbreaks.
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Wiggins, Noelle. "La Palabra es Salud: A Comparative Study of the Effectiveness of Popular Education vs. Traditional Education for Enhancing Health Knowledge and Skills and Increasing Empowerment Among Parish-Based Community Health Workers (CHWs)." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/442.
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Popular education is a mode of teaching and learning which seeks to bring about more equitable social conditions by creating settings in which people can identify and solve their own problems. While the public health literature offers evidence to suggest that popular education is an effective strategy for increasing empowerment and improving health, there have been no systematic attempts to compare the outcomes of popular education to those of traditional education. The goal of La Palabra es Salud was to conduct such a comparison among Latino, parish-based Community Health Workers (CHWs). The study employed a quasi-experimental design, mixed methods, and a community-based participatory research (CBPR) framework. Results of a mixed factorial ANOVA revealed that both experimental groups made statistically significant gains in health knowledge when compared to a control group. Within-group comparisons showed that the popular education (PE) group made statistically significant improvements in self-reported ability to promote health, critical consciousness, and on a global measure of empowerment, while the traditional education (TE) group made significant gains in critical consciousness, control at the personal level, self-reported health status, and self-reported health behavior. Because the TE group was almost twice as large as the PE group, almost identical changes that achieved significance in the TE group did not achieve significance in the PE group. Results of the qualitative analysis validated the quantitative results, with members of the TE group reporting improvements in health knowledge and behavior while members of the PE group reported increased empowerment and ability to empower others. Our findings suggest that, when compared to traditional education, popular education can help participants develop a deeper sense of empowerment and community and more multi-faceted skills and understandings, with no accompanying sacrifice in the acquisition of knowledge. These results have their most direct implications for the education of adults from disempowered communities, where popular education shows promise for supporting community members to identify and organize around shared concerns. More broadly, the research suggests that wider use of popular education in mainstream educational settings could promote greater inclusion and increased success for students who have experienced marginalization, producing a more equitable society.
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Ng'uurah, Julius Nyagah. "Health education needs among individuals with low back pain." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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The prevalence of low back pain has assumed an upsurge trend in the last five decades despite the many interventional strategies. One interventional strategy that has been unsuccessful has been patient education. Lack of positive results from many of the existing patient education programmes is probably due to the type of health information that has been presented and the method that has been used. Many of the health education programmes have been planned according to what the medical professionals assumed the individuals needed to know, assumptions that could have ignored some crucial aspects. This study explored the perceived health education needs of individuals with low back pain at the Nairobi Hospital Rehabilitation Unit in Kenya, the method used to educate the individuals, the appropriateness of the method according to the individuals in addition to identifying the source of the health education that the individuals had.
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Lynch, Peter. "Alternative constructs of adolescent smoking : an inquiry into health education practice." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339753.
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Fritz, Alicia Cutrice. "Social Demography of Health Seeking Experiences Among Transgender African Americans." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2352.
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Access to and receipt of health care is an essential human right; however, transgender people often have negative health seeking experiences that give way to the many health disparities seen in the transgender community. Using the social ecological model, this study determined, through multiple logistic regressions, that correlations existed between socioeconomic, health behaviors, and sociocultural variables and 6 measures of health seeking experiences among transgender African Americans. Secondary data from the 2010 National Transgender Discrimination Survey were used, yielding a sample size of 253 transgender African Americans. Those in the African American transgender community at most risk for negative health seeking experiences had the following characteristics: (a) earned high school diplomas and beyond, (b) were in the workforce or looking to be in the workforce, (c) earned an annual salary exceeding $10,000, (d) did not want hormone therapy, (e) abused alcohol and drugs, (f) attempted suicide, (g) were uninsured or had public insurance, (h) were out in a medical setting, (i) were homosexual, (j) had family support, (k) were homeless, (l) were older in age, (m) self-identified as transgender before 18, (n) received first transgender related medical treatment after 17 years old, (o) lived outside of the New England region, and (p) preferred other health settings than emergency rooms. Exploring this aspect of transgenderism and health care has potential for positive social impact as results from this study could improve the lives of transgender African Americans by combating transphobia among health professionals and promoting culturally competent health care.
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Wesley, Jennifer. "Examining Health Disparities and Childhood Obesity in Florida and Georgia." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4408.
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Childhood obesity is a major issue in the United States. The rates of obesity vary among racial and ethnic groups in the U.S. South. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to investigate significant state health disparities differences in childhood obesity in the South region between Florida and Georgia. To steer this study, the social cognitive theory was used. The associations between neighborhood safety and support, physical activity, family health and activities on body mass index were examined in this study. Data was obtained from the National Survey of Children's Health 2011-2012 on 1,688 children aged 10-17 years residing in Florida and Georgia. Logistic regression models showed children in Georgia were 1.4 times more likely to be overweight/obese than children in Florida. Significant differences were found in Florida and Georgia for neighborhood safety and support, physical activity, and family health and activities with evidence to reject the null hypothesis for each state separately. There was no evidence to reject significant differences between Florida and Georgia on sociodemographics. Public health professionals could benefit from researchers studying the causes of racial/ethnic and socioeconomic health disparities in childhood obesity. Thus, professionals could use these results to develop programs targeted at minority populations at increased risk. Positive social change implications of these finding could provide more insight on childhood obesity in the South, where more research is vital. This could be achieved through creating state-specific policies, raising awareness, and implementing prevention programs to decrease childhood obesity.
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Njemanze, Ulunma. "Factors Impacting HIV Post Exposure Prophylaxis among Health Care Workers." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4086.
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Health care workers are at risk of contracting HIV as a result of occupational exposure while treating infected patients. HIV postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) is an effective antiretroviral treatment course used in preventing potential HIV infection following an accidental occupational exposure to HIV. The objective of this cross sectional study was to identify the factors that impact the practice of HIV PEP among health care workers at the National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey using self-administered, structured questionnaires was conducted on 182 health care workers at the National Hospital comprising of medical doctors, nurses, and laboratory scientists. A chi-square test of independence was used to assess the association between knowledge of PEP and PEP use. Logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between PEP use and types of occupational exposure, existing precautionary policies, and fear of stigma. The results of this study were statistically insignificant with variables PEP knowledge (p= 0.274), types of occupational exposures (p= 0.575), awareness of precautionary policies (p= 0.219), and fear of stigma (p=0.282), which could be a result of the small sample surveyed. Nonetheless, this study can lead to positive social change whereby health care workers are well-trained on the practice of PEP after sustaining an occupational injury in order to prevent HIV infection. Factors such as inadequate knowledge on HIV PEP practice, underreporting of occupational injuries, lack of awareness of precautionary guidelines on HIV PEP, and the fear of stigma after an occupational exposure to HIV affect the practice of HIV post exposure prophylaxis. Therefore, more education on PEP for HIV among health care workers is warranted.
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Morris-Paxton, Angela Ann. "Impact of a holistic lifestyle management education programme on health and education outcomes of socioeconomically disadvantaged university students." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11909.
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Disorders of lifestyle are increasing globally; countries in transition are suffering the double burden of both contagious and chronic disorders. The utilization of health education to address these issues has had variable results, but the most successful have incorporated human contact. The aim of this study was to measure the quantitative and qualitative impact of a wellness promotion programme on university students. The objective was to provide a structured facilitated holistic wellness education programme to a sample of socioeconomically disadvantaged students in Higher Education in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Using a pragmatic mixed methodological approach to this critical evaluation, the impact on both wellness and academic progress was measured. Initial demographic data was gathered via a biographical questionnaire, pre- and post-intervention measurement of wellness, using the Wellness Questionnaire for Higher Education, as well as a semi-structured qualitative questionnaire and transcripts of academic results. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS analysis software and qualitative data using the NVivo analysis package. The findings were that all students improved throughout the year in their overall wellness scores, in particular in areas such as avoiding excessive sun exposure and increasing the amount of physical exercise. This corresponded with an increase in the value that the participants attached to information on these aspects of wellness, which was attributed to the programme. Results revealed that there was a weak correlation between student wellness measured at the year-end and academic success overall, but a strong correlation between student wellness and academic success for the students that gained the highest marks. Analysis of the dimensions of wellness that correlated best with student success revealed that there was a particularly strong correlation between year-end career wellness and year-end academic success. In conclusion it was found that a positive and holistic salutogenic wellness education programme increased levels of student wellness overall, which translated into student academic success. The link between wellness and success was particularly strong in students that gained higher marks. Recommendations include that first-year higher education students receive a positive wellness education programme built into the curriculum of their first year of study and that the overall impact be monitored across a broader spectrum of students over the duration of their diploma or degree programme.
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Layton, Beverly. "Effects of a Web-Based Decision Aid on African American Men's Prostate Screening Knowledge and Behavior." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/997.
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African American men have the highest prostate cancer occurrence and deaths of any population, yet many are unaware of screening opportunities or prognoses if diagnosed with the disease. The focus of this study was to learn whether a web-based prostate health education decision aid would increase prostate cancer knowledge, declared intention to be screened, and the likelihood of scheduling a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test. The transtheoretical model of behavior change served as the theoretical framework for the study to assess readiness to adopt new behaviors. A total of 128 African American men between the ages of 40--65 without a history of prostate cancer participated in the study and were divided into 2 nonequivalent groups. The control group had 48 participants, and the intervention group had 80. After reviewing the web-based intervention, participants completed a demographic questionnaire, The Prostate Knowledge Questionnaire, and an Intent-to-Screen Tool. Mean differences in knowledge change were compared while adjusting for covariates using least squares regression. There was no significant improvement in the Prostate Knowledge Change score between the experimental and control groups. Therefore, the alternate hypothesis cannot be accepted. The social change implications suggest that the web-based decision aid studied in this project may not be the best tool to increase knowledge about prostate cancer screening. Therefore, more research is needed regarding ways to reach and inform African American men about the pros and cons of prostate cancer screening to foster informed decision making.
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Vieira, Neiva Francenely Cunha. "Issues in the implementation of a school-based HIV/AIDS education project in Fortaeza, Brazil." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263916.
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Shore, Stuart Mitchell. "The H.Y.P.P.E. Initiative: A School-Based Physical Activity Promotion Program." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/68297.
Full textAbstract:
KinesiologyPh.D.
Physical activity promotion in schools is a critical component of adolescent health. The main purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of a school-based program to increase the physical activity of 6th grade students. A total of 113 students in a large suburban public middle school participated in the 11 week study. A quasi-experimental design was used. Physical education (PE) classes served as the unit of randomization. Six PE classes were assigned to the control condition and six PE classes to the experimental condition. Control group students were asked to wear unsealed pedometers throughout the day in school and at home and to record their daily step-counts in school. Experimental group students also wore unsealed pedometers throughout the day and logged their daily step-counts in school, but additionally received a 10,000 step per day goal, were asked to attain an increased step-count goal during PE class, and received an enhanced PE curriculum. Pre- and post-test data were gathered for all dependent measures including average daily step-counts by week, GPA, attendance, tardiness, attitude and self-efficacy toward physical activity, and Presidential Physical Fitness Tests. The data analysis was completed using analyses of variance (ANOVAs), analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), paired sample t-tests, and independent sample t-tests. Results revealed significant gains in physical activity for both treatment conditions. Both groups demonstrated significantly increased step-counts relative to their baseline step-counts. The intervention did not produce significant changes in attitude or self-efficacy. There were some significant improvements in physical fitness and the scholastic measures, but these changes were not attributed to the intervention. Very low attrition, a high compliance rate, and favorable participant feedback were also noted. Overall, this study revealed that, in the short-term, it is possible to significantly improve physical activity without changing an adolescent's self-efficacy or attitude. An important finding of this study was that multi-faceted self-monitoring was the most critical factor that contributed to increased physical activity.
Temple University--Theses
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Jackson-Howard, Cynthia Darlene. "Teachers' Perceptions of Multimodal Literacies in Middle School Health Literacy Programs." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/322.
Full textAbstract:
Health literacy, defined as the ability to understand and use health information to make informed decisions, is critical to maintaining health; however, not all U.S. states mandate strategies to improve adolescents' health literacy. Moreover, many middle school teachers are often unaware of how their roles could improve the health literacy of their students. Multimodal literacies help students to create meaning through viewing print-based resources and using digital technologies. The purpose of this study was to investigate teachers' perceptions of the effectiveness of multimodal literacies on adolescents' overall health literacy via the introduction of health literacy programs into the curriculum. This qualitative research data were gathered, analyzed, and categorized using unstructured narrative interviews and the research was guided by the socioecological model. A phenomenological approach was used to conduct in-depth interviews with 6 middle school teachers. These interviews yielded 4 common themes: efficacy of multimodal literacy, health literacy, blending cultures, and responsibility. The results suggested that (a) multimodal literacies with adolescent literacy components can be used in the middle school curriculum, and that (b) these literacies can help inform policy changes. Understanding teachers' perceptions about multimodal literacy could help to improve adolescent health literacy in the middle school system. Positive social change could occur if school systems understand the utility of incorporating adolescent health literacy in the present curriculum. Doing so could help reduce future health care costs and improve the future health of students.