Dissertations / Theses on the topic '91B32'

Les progrès récents en matière de matériel informatique, tels que le développement d'accélérateurs hautement parallèles, et la perméabilité croissante entre l'informatique, les statistiques, l'optimisation et les mathématiques appliquées ont donné naissance à une nouvelle génération d'outils capables de résoudre des problèmes d'apprentissage automatique (AA) de plus en plus complexes. Parmi ces nouveaux défis, certains nécessitent la comparaison de nuages de points ou de mesures de probabilité. Le transport optimal (TO) est devenu un outil largement utilisé dans ce contexte en raison de sa capacité à fournir une géométrie naturelle dans l'espace des distributions et à offrir une nouvelle perspective pour traiter les problèmes d'AA lorsqu'ils sont levés dans cet espace. À partir d'une fonction de coût (par exemple, une distance) défini entre les points où sont supportées les mesures, le TO consiste à trouver un couplage entre les deux mesures qui soit optimal par rapport à ce coût. En d'autres termes, le TO étend naturellement le coût entre deux points à coût entre des histogrammes de points, ou des mesures de probabilité, sous la forme d'un problème d'optimisation. De plus, en raison de sa forte composante géométrique, le TO fait l'objet d'une riche théorie mathématique sur laquelle les praticiens peuvent s'appuyer pour construire et étudier leurs modèles.Pourtant, dans leur forme originale, telle qu'elle a été proposée par Kantorovich, les distances de TO ne sont pas bien adaptées aux problèmes appliqués : (i) le calcul du TO entre des mesures discrètes revient à résoudre un programme linéaire coûteux qui requiert une complexité supercubique en le nombre de points; (ii) l'estimation du TO à l'aide de mesures échantillonnées est condamnée par la malédiction de la dimensionnalité, le TO est donc susceptible d'être dépourvue de sens lorsqu'elle est utilisée sur des échantillons provenant de densités en haute dimension. En dépit de ces difficultés, le TO s'est révélée très prometteur dans diverses applications d'AA, et les recherches en cours visent à relever ces défis et à rendre le TO plus accessible et utilisable dans la pratique.La principale approche pour pallier ces problèmes consiste à régulariser le problème d'optimisation en ajoutant un terme d'entropie a l'objectif. En ajoutant de l'entropie, on peut alors résoudre une version régularisée du problème de TO en temps et en mémoire quadratiques à l'aide de l'algorithme de Sinkhorn. De plus, cette régularisation permet d'éviter la malédiction de la dimensionnalité à condition d'avoir ajouté suffisamment d'entropie. Même si la régularisation entropique a amélioré à la fois le coût de calcul et les propriétés statistiques du transport optimal, elle souffre toujours d'une complexité quadratique qui empêche son utilisation pour des applications à grande échelle. Un des principes directeurs de cette thèse est qu'il existe encore de nombreuses opportunités de recherche pour développer de nouveaux outils algorithmiques qui peuvent exploiter ou étendre ce mode de pensée afin de rendre le TO applicable à des problèmes à grande échelle.Cette thèse se compose de deux parties principales. Dans la première partie, nous proposons de nouveaux schémas de régularisation du problème de TO et de sa variante quadratique, à savoir le problème de Gromov-Wasserstein (GW), en considérant des factorisations de bas rang à la fois du coût sous-jacent et du couplage résolvant le problème de TO. Ces nouveaux schémas de calcul ouvrent la voie à l'utilisation du problème TO dans un cadre à grande échelle. Dans la deuxième partie, nous montrons que le TO peut également offrir une nouvelle perspective sur des problèmes d'AA de longue date dès lors qu'ils sont formalisés dans l'espace des distributions. Nous adoptons ce point de vue sur deux problèmes appliqués, à savoir en équité et en robustesse, et proposons de nouvelles approches pour les aborder à l'aide du TO
Recent advances in hardware, such as the development of highly-parallel accelerators, and the growing permeabilitybetween computer science, statistics, optimization and applied mathematics have brought forward a new generation of tools,capable of addressing increasingly complex machine learning (ML) problems. Among these new challenges, some require the comparison of point clouds or probability measures. Optimal transport (OT) has become a widely used tool in this context due to its ability to provide a natural geometry in the space of distributions and offer a new perspective for dealing with ML problems when lifted into this space. Starting from a cost function (e.g. a distance) on the space on which measures are supported, OT consists in finding a mapping or coupling between both measures that is optimal with respect to that cost. In other words, OT naturally extends the ground cost between two points to a discrepancy function between histograms of points, or probability measures, in the form of an optimization problem. Further, as a consequence of its strong geometric component, OT is the object of a rich mathematical theory regarding its metric and topological properties, on which ML practitioners can rely to build and study their models.Yet, in their original form, as proposed by Kantorovich, OT distances are not well suited for applied problems: (i) computing OT between discrete distributions amounts to solving a large and expensive network flow problem which requires a supercubic complexity; (ii) estimating OT using sampled measures is doomed by the curse of dimensionality: the sample convergence rate of OT is exponentially slow w.r.t. the dimension of the ambient space, therefore OT is likely to be meaningless when used on samples from high-dimensional densities. Despite these challenges, OT has shown great promise in various machine learning applications, and ongoing research is aimed at addressing these challenges and making OT more accessible and usable in practice.The main approach to alleviate these issues consists in regularizing the optimization problem using an entropic regularization. By adding entropy to the objective function, one can now solves a regularized version of the OT problem in quadratic time and memory using the Sinkhorn algorithm. In addition, this regularization allows to avoid the curse of dimensionality as long as enough entropy has been added.Even though entropic regularization has improved both the computational cost and the statistical properties of optimal transport, it still suffers from a quadratic complexity that prevents its use for large-scale applications. One guiding principle of this thesis is that there are still many research opportunities to develop new algorithmic tools that can exploit or extend this way of thinking in order to make OT applicable to large-scale problems.This thesis consists of two main parts. In the first part, we propose new regularization schemes of the OT problem and its quadratic variant, namely the Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) problem, by considering low-rank factorization of both the underlying cost and the coupling solving the OT problem itself. These new computational schemes pave the way for the use of OT in the large-scale setting. In the second part, we show that OT can also offer new perspective on longstanding ML problems once lifted into the set of distributions. We adopt this point of view on two applied problems in fairness and robustness respectively and propose new approaches to tackle them using OT

Under approval voting, every voter may vote for any number of canditates. To model approval voting, we let a political spectrum be the set of all possible political positions, and let each voter have a subset of the spectrum that they approve, called an approval region. The fraction of all voters who approve the most popular position is the agreement proportion for the society. We consider voting in societies whose political spectrum is modeled by $d$-dimensional space ($\mathbb{R}^d$) with approval regions defined by axis-parallel boxes. For such societies, we first consider a Tur&#aacute;n-type problem, attempting to find the maximum agreement between pairs of voters for a society with a given level of overall agreement. We prove a lower bound on this maximum agreement and find in the literature a proof that the lower bound is optimal. By this result we find that for sufficiently large $n$, any $n$-voter box society in $\mathbb{R}^d$ where at least $\alpha\binom{n}{2}$ pairs of voters agree on some position must have a position contained in $\beta n$ approval regions, where $\alpha = 1-(1-\beta)^2/d$. We also consider an extension of this problem involving projections of approval regions to axes. Finally we consider the question of $(k,m)$-agreeable box societies, where a society is said to be $(k, m)$-agreeable if among every $m$ voters, some $k$ approve a common position. In the $m = 2k - 1$ case, we use methods from graph theory to prove that the agreement proportion is at least $(2d)^{-1}$ for any integer $k \ge 2.$

Agricultural land use is a leading cause of habitat degradation and biodiversity loss in streams. Understanding the mechanisms by which land use change affects stream ecosystems is essential for their effective management. Despite this, the consequences of agricultural intensification for community composition and ecosystem functioning in streams remain poorly resolved. Using national-scale monitoring data and new field data from upland streams in South Wales, this study investigated the effects of pastoral intensification on the community composition, functional diversity and feeding interactions of stream macroinvertebrates. A combination of analytical tools were used, including propensity modelling, ecological traits, stable isotopes and Next Generation DNA sequencing to quantify diet. Taxonomic and functional diversity had non-linear relationships with pastoral intensity, declining beyond a threshold of 4 mg L-1 nitrate and 8% fine sediment cover. This decline occurred as a non-random loss of species possessing specific traits, including large body size and lack of resistance forms. Although monitoring data showed that at a UK-wide scale pastoral agriculture (cf. other land uses) had a positive effect on richness and sensitive species representation, the threshold intensity at which effects become negative is exceeded in many locations within the U.K. and globally. Invertebrates that feed by grazing algae were particularly vulnerable to agricultural stressors. Combined with changes in the availability and quality of basal resources with pastoral intensification, this decline in grazer representation resulted in invertebrate communities becoming increasingly reliant on detrital resources. Further, there was indication that methane-derived carbon contributed to the food web in high intensity sites, which has not previously been observed in upland streams. Although only relatively minor changes were observed in predator-prey interactions across the intensity gradient, there was a suggestion of simplification of the food web in high intensity sites. Together these changes could radically alter ecosystem properties such as secondary production, nutrient processing and resilience. Overall, the results highlight the management priorities of reducing fine sediment and nutrient inputs to agricultural streams. The identification of a threshold at which agricultural effects become deleterious will assist in guiding mitigation efforts. Further work is required to determine the generality of this threshold across stream ecosystems.

Parsnips (Pastinaca sativa) are a speciality crop, covering 3000 hectares across the UK, with a 93,000-tonne production and economic value of greater than £31M annually. Currently, the major constraints to production are losses associated with root canker disease, caused by a range of fungal pathogens. With no specific fungicides, development of long-term, sustainable resistance to parsnip canker is highly desirable. This work characterises the pathogens responsible, and develops tools to facilitate breeding for quantitative resistance to root canker diseases. Isolations and molecular characterisation of pathogens responsible for parsnip canker highlighted a range of fungal species, whilst canker symptoms were found to be clearly associated with certain pathogens. Cylindrocarpon destructans, Mycocentrospora acerina and to a lesser extent Itersonilia pastinacae were identified as the primary pathogens responsible for causing parsnip canker in the UK. Itersonilia spp. isolates from a range of hosts were found to infect parsnip roots and leaves, and produce both chlamydospores and ballistospores at a range of temperatures; furthermore, molecular characterisation failed to differentiate between species. For these reasons, Itersonilia should be described as a single species. For both C. destructans and M. acerina, isolates showed minimal variation in pathogenicity on parsnip roots and seedlings, and exhibited mycelial growth even at low temperatures. Phylogenetic analysis identified a species complex for both pathogens that could not be resolved by the ITS (Internal transcribed spacer) alone. Finally, parsnip root and seedling assays were developed to determine resistance to I. pastinacae, M. acerina and C. destructans within parsnip populations. QTL analysis of a parsnip genotyping population identified a significant QTL conferring resistance to M. acerina for use in a marker assisted breeding programme. The understanding of the pathology gained in this project will facilitate selection of resistant varieties, benefitting breeders, growers and through reduction in control mechanisms, society in general.

Esperimenti condotti negli anni Ottanta per la determinazione della vita media di alcuni radioisotopi sembrano mostrare fluttuazioni anomale del valore delle costanti di decadimento. Negli anni a seguire, altri studi hanno tentato di spiegare l'origine delle fluttuazioni osservate in questi primi lavori. Insieme agli esperimenti che hanno mostrato anomalie, però, ve ne sono altri che non hanno registrato alcuna deviazione. Con il seguente elaborato si ha l'intento di ordinare e organizzare schematicamente gli articoli pubblicati finora e realizzare così un quadro della situazione attuale. Questo può essere utile per predisporre un esperimento, da svolgersi presso il Laboratorio di Fisica delle Radiazioni del Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Bologna, che possa arricchire la casistica del fenomeno. Si affronta in conclusione la progettazione dell'esperimento a lungo termine, per il quale si prevede inizialmente una durata triennale delle osservazioni.

This study has the aim of exploring aspects of youth culture in Italy during the economic boom of the late 1950s and early 1960s. Its theoretical framework lies between the studies around Italian youth culture and those around the Italian Communist Party (PCI), investigating the relationship between young people and contemporary society and examining, for the first time, the relationship of the former with the PCI, its institutions and media organs. The arrival of an Anglo-American influenced pop culture (culture transmitted by the media and targeted at young people) and of its market, shaped the individualities of part of the pre-baby boomers that, finally, were able to create bespoke identities somewhat disconnected from the traditional party-related narrative while remaining on the left of the political spectrum. Pop symbols that blossomed in the late 1950s, such as the striped t-shirt, would characterise the style of young protesters who included them in their collective imagination from the early 1960s onwards. Simultaneously, a flourishing pop market gave space to other cultural experiences including Cantacronache, a group of young musicians based in Turin who vividly depicted Italy of the boom through their lyrics. Their efforts can be read as belonging to a pop market that finally starts to open up towards new musical stimuli. They aimed to make their music available beyond the circle of left-wing activism as well and they were produced by a label linked to the PCI that in those years was reshaping its approach towards society, getting rid of its radical fringes and opening to a dialogue with diverse strata of the public, including young people, women and non-members. The thesis investigates how the Communists and its Youth Federation (FGCI), reacted to the development of youth culture as an aspect of modernisation in general. Through an examination of the party’s approach to the youth revolts of the early 1960s and of its formal documents targeted at young people in general, we analyse how – and how successfully – the Communists tried to engage with young people while often, internal strands, the monolithic nature of the party and other elements, posed severe obstacles in meeting their demands, creating a fracture that would grow in the following years. The thesis also investigates how the party’s attempt to address young people was translated into the promotion of magazines in which serious political topics were discussed alongside other themes such as investigations into society and into the “questione giovanile.” In this respect, we will see how the FGCI journal Nuova generazione tried, in the late 1950s, to take account of youth inclinations paying attention to other important topics such as the emancipation of young women. The generation we look at is the first to claim the right to build its individual identities by drawing on pop culture and modernisation, developing codes and behaviours that pulled away from those set by the institutions.

Approval voting is an election method in which voters may cast votes for as many candidates as they desire. This can be modeled mathematically by associating to each voter an approval region: a set of potential candidates they approve. In this thesis we add another level of approval somewhere in between complete approval and complete disapproval. More than one level of approval may be a better model for a real-life voter's complex decision making. We provide a new definition for intersection that supports multiple levels of approval. The case of pairwise intersection is studied, and the level of agreement among voters is studied under restrictions on the relative size of each voter's preferences. We derive upper and lower bounds for the percentage of agreement based on the percentage of intersection.

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A pesquisa intitulada: Educação Matemática e Educação Ambiental: um estudo etnomatemático das infrações ambientais é um trabalho etnográfico cujo objetivo é fazer uma proposta para os Estágios de Aperfeiçoamento Profissional dos Policiais Militares Ambientais do Estado de São Paulo/SP. Valho-me da etnomtemática para entender as estratégias matemáticas utilizadas pelos agentes fiscalizadores no âmbito de questões que envolvam a prática dos crimes ambientais. Procuro entender a maneira, os modos, as TICAS de lidar com o ambiente, de explicar os fatos e os fenômenos e compartilhar o MATEMA próprio ao grupo, ao ETNO. Para isso, analiso como se dá a percepção da matemática pelos agentes, a fim de entender as estratégias matemáticas utilizadas por eles no patrulhamento ambiental. Procuro relacionar a prática de seus atos com os conceitos matemáticos, a fim de aprimorar seus desempenhos nas fiscalizações e analiso as relações entre aqueles que praticam um crime ambiental e a polícia. No patrulhamento ambiental, o policial ao lidar com as diferentes modalidades de ocorrências ambientais desenvolve características próprias, peculiares ao serviço de fiscalização. Percebe uma diferença na vegetação, na cúpula das árvores, alteração nas demarcações de extrações, material lenhoso, corte de árvores, desgaste do solo, diferenciação das matas, queimadas, alteração em áreas de preservação permanente, estado das aves (se são selvagens ou domesticadas), enfim, todas essas formas de percepção representam estratégias “próprias”, e nelas estão intrínsecas as noções de distância, de espaço, de tempo, de dimensão. Portanto, noções básicas de matemática. Conhecer estas estratégias matemáticas, possibilita fazer uma intervenção eficiente no que tange auxiliá-los a minimizar a ação daqueles que praticam crimes ambientais
The research entitled Educação Matemática e Educação Ambiental: um estudo etnomatemático da infrações ambientais is an ethnographic work whose goal is to make a proposal Professional Stage for Improvement of the Environmental Military Police of the State of São Paulo/SP. An ethnomatematical approach helps to understand the mathematical strategies used by inspection agents in issues involving the practice of environmental crimes. I try to understand the way the modes, the TICS (techné) of explaining the facts and phenomena, the MATHEMA, which the group share to deal with their environment, their ETHNO. To do this, I look at the perception of Mathematics by the agents, in order to understand the mathematical strategies used by them in environmental patrols. I try to relate their practice with mathematical concepts, in order to improve their performances in the way they check environmental crimes and I analyze the relations between those who practice an environmental crime and the police, in environmental patrol. Policemen have to deal with the different kinds of environmental occurrences and they develop characteristic actions, peculiar to the supervisory service. Noticing differences in vegetation at the top of trees, the boundary changes of extractions, the timber stored, the ways of cutting trees, the soil erosion, the differentiation of thickets, burning, changes in permanent preservation areas, the state of the birds (whether they are wild or domesticated). Ultimately, all of these strategies of perception represent specific kinds of violation, and these depend on notions of distance, time, space, dimension. Therefore, they require understanding mathematics. Knowing these mathematical strategies, the action of policemen may be more efficient in intervening aiming at minimizing the action of those who practice environmental crimes

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Neste trabalho caracterizamos duas práticas educacionais. De um lado, o ensino de matemática como sendo toda prática que procura se justificar através da existência de uma única matemática de caráter universal e a priori, e que atribui para si, como missão, a transmissão dessa matemática da forma mais precisa possível. Diante desta concepção nós propomos que a história da matemática para o ensino de matemática tem como pano de fundo uma matemática a priori e que, neste caso, os fatos históricos acabam conectados por uma lógica imposta, de forma implícita, que em última análise está fundamentada em uma concepção de matemática. De outro lado, toda prática que considera determinar e ser determinada por uma concepção de matemática é educação matemática (EM). Assim, a EM considera suas práticas e a matemática como partes de uma dialética. Na EM os estudos de História da Matemática se justificam como um espaço que considera a existência de distintas concepções de matemática. Finalmente, apresentamos um contexto histórico para análise matemática (CHAM) como exemplo de considerações de história da matemática, do ponto de vista da EM caracterizada por nós.
In this paper we understand two different educational practices. On one hand the mathematics teaching as all practice that justify itself because one believe there is a mathematics which is universal and a priori. This way of teaching consider that its mission is merely the transmission of the universal mathematics as accurately as possible. In this sense the history of mathematics as tied up to the concepts and to the logic of this priori science. On the other hand the Mathematics Education as a practice that consider that mathematics is engendered dialectically and because of this take into account different mathematical conceptions. In this sense the studies of mathematics history present several conceptions of mathematics. In this paper we also present a historical context for mathematical analysis (HCMA) as an example of how to understand the history of mathematics from the perspective of mathematics education.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
A fim de contribuir para a compreensão da história do ensino de língua portuguesa no Brasil e para a compreensão da proposta de João Wanderley Geraldi acerca desse ensino, são analisados, nesta dissertação, aspectos da coletânea O texto na sala de aula, organizada por Geraldi e editada pela ASSOESTE, em 1984, e pela Ática, em 1997. Foram utilizados, para a pesquisa de que resultou esta dissertação, procedimentos de localização, reunião e ordenação da bibliografia de João Wanderley Geraldi e sobre sua obra e atuação profissional, que viabilizaram a análise da configuração textual da coletânea O texto na sala de aula, com ênfase nos artigos assinados por Geraldi. Foi possível concluir que o projeto do Wanderley, baseado nos pressupostos teóricos do interacionismo lingüístico e disseminado em nosso país a partir da década de 1980, por meio da coletânea em questão, pode ser considerado como uma revolução conceitual no âmbito desse ensino, especialmente em decorrência da centralidade atribuída ao texto e ao trabalho com as três práticas.
Aiming to contribute to the understanding of the history of the Portuguese language teaching in Brazil and to the understanding of the proposal of João Wanderley Geraldi about this teaching, in the dissertation, aspects of the collection O texto na sala de aula, organized by Geraldi and edited by ASSOESTE in 1984, and by Ática, in 1997, are analyzed. For the research that resulted in this dissertation, procedures of localization, meeting, and ordering of the bibliography of João Wanderley Geraldi and about his work and professional acting that led to the analysis of the textual configuration of the collection O texto na sala de aula, with emphasis on the articles signed by Geraldi. It was possible to conclude that Wanderley's project based on the theoretical assumptions of linguistic interactionism and disseminated throughout our country from the 80's, through this collection, can be considered as a conceptual revolution in the field of this teaching, mainly in the arising of the centrality attributed to the text and to the work with three practices.

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Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a não preferência para alimentação e tolerância, em genótipos de soja, ao ataque de Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), assim como avaliar metodologias de pesquisa, em teste de preferência para oviposição, e avaliar graus de resistência do tipo antibiose. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em laboratório, sob condições controladas de temperatura (25 ± 2 ºC), umidade relativa (70 ± 10%) e fotofase (12 horas), exceto o experimento de não preferência para alimentação de larvas, o qual foi conduzido em condições de casa de vegetação. Foram utilizados 10 genótipos de soja para os testes de não preferência para alimentação de adultos (discos foliares e plantas jovens), quais sejam: IAC 100, BRSGO 8360, IGRA RA 626 RR, DM 339, BRS Valiosa RR, Dowling, IGRA RA 516 RR, PI 227687, PI 274454 e BR 16, dos quais seis foram selecionados para os testes subsequentes. Os experimentos de não preferência para alimentação de adultos, com e sem chance de escolha, foram realizados adotando-se dois modelos experimentais, utilizando-se discos foliares e folhas de plantas jovens de soja (não destacando-as da planta), avaliando a atratividade de adultos pelos genótipos de soja em diferentes períodos de tempo, e a área foliar consumida. Paralelamente à realização destes experimentos, foi quantificado o número de tricomas nas folhas dos genótipos de soja, com a finalidade de...
This work aimed to evaluate the non-preference for feeding and tolerance, on soybean genotypes, to the attack of Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), as well as to assess research methodologies, in oviposition preference test, and evaluate the antibiosis type resistance degrees. The experiments were conducted in laboratory, under controlled conditions of temperature (25 ± 2 ºC), relative humidity (70 ± 10%), and photophase (12 hours), except the experiment of non-preference for larvae feeding, which was performed in greenhouse conditions. Ten soybean genotypes were used for non-preference for adults feeding tests (leaf discs and young plants), which were IAC 100, BRSGO 8360, IGRA RA 626 RR, DM 339, BRS Valiosa RR, Dowling, IGRA RA 516 RR, PI 227687, PI 274454 and BR 16, being six selected for the posterior tests. The non-preference for adults feeding experiments, carried out in free and no-choice tests, were fulfilled adopting two experiment models, using leaf discs and leaves of soybean young plants (not detaching them), assessing the adults attractiveness for soybean genotypes at different periods of time, and the leaf intake, being the value express in square centimeter for the test with leaf discs, and injury grade and leaf intake percentage for the test with young plants. Concomitantly to the performing of these experiments, the trichomes number on soybean genotypes leaves was assessed, for the purpose of observing the influence... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Nove suínos da raça Large White foram utilizados para estudo do processo de reparo ósseo após osteotomia com instrumento rotatório de baixa e alta velocidade, com e sem refrigeração líquida. Os autores observaram, através de análise histopatológica duplo cega, que em todos os tempos operatórios analisados, o reparo ósseo se processou mais adequadamente quando as osteotomias foram realizadas com refrigeração líquida. Nos tempos pós-operatórios finais, de quatorze e vinte e oito dias, os melhores resultados de reparo ósseo foram observados nas osteotomias realizadas com brocas de baixa rotação e com refrigeração líquida, ao passo que no tempo pós-operatório de sete dias, os resultados do reparo ósseo de osteotomias realizadas com brocas de alta rotação e com refrigeração líquida foram discretamente melhores. Os autores consideram, ainda, que o processo de reparo ósseo em suínos mostra maior proximidade nos quadros histológicos entre as variáveis estudadas, quando comparado com outros modelos biológicos. Como a maioria dos trabalhos relatados na literatura se refere a utilização de cães, os autores consideram que o presente trabalho garante sua importância no sentido de se buscar um modelo mais próximo do homem.
Nine swines of the White Large race were used for study of the process of bony repair after osteotomy with rotating instruments of low and high-speed, with and without liquid refrigeration. The authors observed, through double blind histopathological analysis, that in every analyzed operative time, the bony repair was processed more appropriately when the osteotomies were accomplished with liquid refrigeration. In the final postoperative times, of fourteen and twenty-eight days, the best results of bony repair were observed in the osteotomy accomplished with drills of low rotation and with liquid refrigeration, while in the postoperative time of seven days, the results of the bony repair of osteotomy accomplished with drills of high rotation and with liquid refrigeration they were better. The authors consider, still, that the process of bony repair in swine display larger proximity in the histological pictures among the studied variables, when compared with other biological models. As most of the works told in the literature it refers the use of dogs, the authors consider that the present work guarantees your importance in the sense of looking for a closer model of the man.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Ce travail a pour objectif de caractériser l’oeuvre Les amours jaunes, de Tristan Corbière, a partir de théories sur la modernité esthétique fin de siècle. Les mouvements qui enchaînent les questionnements de base pour la formation de la pensée identitaire du sujet poétique moderne, comme le Romantisme, le Décadentisme et le Symbolisme ont été abordés à mesure qu’ils concouraient pour la compréhension des textes corbiériens. Nous avons cherché à étudier les motifs récurrent et le langage courant qui montrent la préoccupation de repenser le rôle du genre lyrique en tant que progrès matériel accentué, et ces questionnements par rapport à la poésie assument une connotation plus individualiste et finissent par reveler une inquiétude relativement à la conception du sujet lyrique elle-même. Le nihilisme caractéristique de l’époque ne cache pas la possibilité d’établir une raison d’existence à travers l’art, car le dilettantisme et l’esthétisme revèlent une nouvelle acception de l’identité, ordinaire au XXe siècle, mais qui avait été pensée depuis le siècle antérieur. La quête d’une identité s’oppose à l’impossibilité de la formulation des vérités uniques, ainsi le sujet poétique moderne garde toujours avec une allure fragmentaire, quand même perceptible à travers ses textes
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo caracterizar a obra Les amours jaunes, de Tristan Corbière, a partir de teorias sobre a modernidade estética fin de siècle. Os movimentos que encerram em si os questionamentos basilares para a formação do pensamento identitário do sujeito poético moderno, como Romantismo, Decadentismo e Simbolismo foram abordados à medida que contribuíam para a compreensão dos textos corbierianos. Buscamos estudar os motivos recorrentes e a linguagem coloquial que demonstram uma preocupação em repensar o papel da lírica em tempos de acentuado progresso material. Esses questionamentos com relação à poesia assumem uma conotação mais individualizante e terminam por revelar uma inquietação quanto à própria concepção do sujeito lírico. O niilismo característico da época não esconde a possibilidade de estabelecer uma razão de existência através da arte, e assim, o diletantismo e o esteticismo revelam uma nova acepção de identidade, comum no século XX, mas que vinha sendo pensada desde o século anterior. A busca por uma identidade contrapõe-se à inviabilidade do estabelecimento de verdades unas, logo, o sujeito poético moderno permance sempre com um aspecto fragmentário, entretanto, perceptível através de seus textos

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho verificar a relação entre diâmetro folicular, taxa de ovulação e a expressão gênica das isoformas do receptor de LH em vacas da raça Nelore. O experimento 1 foi realizado para verificar a dose mínima de LH capaz de induzir ovulação em folículos com diâmetro entre 10 e 11 mm. Vacas Nelore (n=20) foram submetidas à sincronização da ovulação e o crescimento folicular passou a ser acompanhado diariamente por ultrassonografia (US). Quando os folículos atingiram diâmetro entre 10 e 11 mm, os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos para receber diferentes doses de LH (Lutropin-V®, Bioniche, Ontario, Canada; IM): 1,56; 3,12; 6,25 e 12,5 mg. Os dados foram analisados pelo Teste Exato de Fisher (PROC FREQ, do SAS). As taxas de ovulação foram 0 (0/5), 80 (4/5), 80 (4/5) e 80% (4/5), respectivamente, ocorrendo diferença significativa entre o grupo 1,56 mg e os demais (p<0,02). No experimento 2, foram utilizados 6,25 mg de LH para induzir ovulação em vacas Nelore (n=53) submetidas a sincronização da ovulação e divididas em cinco grupos de acordo com o diâmetro folicular (mm) no momento da administração de LH: Grupo 1 (7,0 a 7,5); Grupo 2 (7,6 a 8,0); Grupo 3 (8,1 a 8,5); Grupo 4 (8,6 a 9,0) e Grupo 5 (9,1 a 10,0). Os resultados foram analisados por Regressão Logística (PROC GENMOD, do SAS). As taxas de ovulação foram 0 (0/11), 20 (2/10), 36 (4/11), 36 (4/11) e 90% (9/10), respectivamente. Houve diferença significativa entre G5 e os demais grupos (p<0,01). Ao associar G1+G2 (7,0 a 8,0 mm), G3+G4 (8,1 a 9,0 mm) e G5 (9,1 a 10,0 mm) as taxas de ovulação foram 9 (2/21), 36 (8/22) e 90% (9/10), respectivamente. Houve diferença significativa entre G1+G2 vs G5 (p<0,01), G3+G4 vs G5 (p<0,02) e G1+G2 vs G3+G4 (p<0,03). Após a administração de LH, o diâmetro do menor folículo capaz de ovular foi 7,65 mm. No experimento...
The aim of the present experiment was to verify the relationship between follicular diameter, ovulation rate and gene expression of LH receptor isoforms, in Nellore cows. Experiment 1 was performed to determine the lowest LH dose necessary to induce ovulation in follicles with 10 to 11 mm in diameter. Nellore cows (n=20) had their ovulation induced by hormonal treatment, and afterwards follicular growth was daily observed by ultrasonography (US). When the follicles reached 10 to 11 mm diameter, the cows were randomly allocated in four groups and treated with different doses of LH (Lutropin-V®, Bioniche, Ontario, Canada): Groups 1.56; 3.12; 6.25 and 12.5 mg. The data were analyzed by Fisher’s Exact Test (PROC FREQ, SAS). The ovulation rates were 0 (0/5), 80 (4/5), 80 (4/5) e 80% (4/5), respectively, and it was lower in group 1.56 when compared to the others (P<0.02). In experiment 2, the 6.25 mg LH dose was chosen to induce ovulation in Nellore cows (n=53), submitted to the same hormonal treatment used in experiment 1, and randomly allocated in five groups according to follicular diameter (mm) at the time of LH administration: Group 1 (7.0-7.5); Group 2 (7.6-8.0); Group 3 (8.1-8.5); Group 4 (8.6-9.0) and Group 5 (9.1-10.0). The results were analyzed by Logistic Regression (PROC GENMOD, SAS). The ovulation rates were 0 (0/11), 20 (2/10), 36 (4/11), 36 (4/11) and 90% (9/10), respectively, for G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5. There was significant difference between G5 and the others groups (P<0.01). When data from two groups (except Group 5) were combined G1+G2 (7.0-8.0 mm), G3+G4 (8.1-9.0 mm) and G5 (9.1-10.0) ovulation rates were, respectively, 9 (2/21), 36 (8/22) e 90% (9/10). There were significant differences when comparing G1+G2 v. G5 (P<0.01), G3+G4 v. G5 (P<0.02) and G1+G2 v. G3+G4 (P<0.03). After LH application, the smallest follicle that ovulated had a diameter of 7.65 mm. In ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Levando em consideração a importância do ensino de língua materna, na escola, mais especificamente o trabalho de produção textual, tomamos como objeto de análise textos de alunos do Ensino Médio de uma escola privada, do norte do Paraná, os quais foram, por sua vez, publicados no livro A palavra é a semente, dos volumes 4, 5, 6, e 7, respectivamente dos anos 1999, 2000, 2001 e 2003. Empregamos conceitos como dialogismo, aparelhos ideológicos de Estado, além de outros da Análise do Discurso (AD), a fim de fundamentar a nossa pesquisa. Algumas particularidades da AD, tais como o discurso, o sujeito e a ideologia tornaram-se relevantes para a percepção do funcionamento discursivo. Tomamos os enunciados numa relação dialógica, procurando compreender sua constituição. À medida que os examinamos, ouvimos os ecos de vários lugares: vozes da mídia, da instituição de ensino católico, dos professores de diversas áreas. Além de desconstruir os enunciados, buscando-lhes os sentidos e suas filiações, procuramos também compreender a criatividade na produção textual dos alunos, no âmbito escolar. Encontramos nos dizeres de Foucault, de Pêcheux, de Bakhtin, de Orlandi, justificativas para a repetição do já-dito nos enunciados produzidos na escola. Entendemos as condições de produção também como um aspecto importante, pois, em algumas narrativas, ecoam vozes que fazem lembrar o discurso religioso. Acreditamos que isso ocorra porque o sujeito-aluno, ao freqüentar uma instituição de ensino que tem como propósito uma formação pautada em valores cristãos, esteja envolvido por uma ideologia de ordem religiosa.
Considering the importance of teaching the mother tongue in schools, mainly text production, we took as analysis object the texts produced by students of a Secondary School from a private school in the north of Paraná. These texts were, later on, published in the book A palavra é a semente (The word is the seed), volumes 4, 5, 6, and 7 in 1999, 2000, 2001 and 2003, respectively. Concepts such as dialogism, the State's ideological apparels, and others taken from Discourse Analysis (DA), were employed in order to ground our research. Some specifities from DA, such as the discourse, the subject and the ideology became relevant for the perception of how the discourse works. We studied the statements in a dialogic form, trying to understand their constitution. As we examined them, we were able to hear echoes from several places: voices from the media, from the Catholic teaching institution, and from teachers of several areas. Besides disassembling these statements, looking for their meanings and their subordination, we also tried to understand the role creativity played in the students' text production within the school. We found, as put by Foucault, Pêcheux, Bakhtin, Orlandi, justification for the repetition in their texts of what they had already heard in the teaching institution. We also consider the production conditions as an important aspect because, in some narratives, we found voices that remind us of the Church discourse. We believe that the cause for this is that the subject-student, by attending a teaching institution that has as purpose a formation centered in Christian values, is overwhelmed by the religious order ideology.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O Sistema de Posicionamento Global oferece um poderoso e relativamente barato processo para se determinar órbitas de satélites artificiais da Terra. Este trabalho apresenta um método de determinação de órbita para satélites com um receptor GPS a bordo. Medidas de pseudo-distância são usadas para estimar o vetor de estado. O estimador considerado é o método dos mínimos quadrados recursivo, através de rotações ortogonais de Givens, com a finalidade de evitar problemas numéricos e de inversão de matrizes. É considerado a modelagem das forças devido ao geopotencial de alto grau e ordem. Resultados indicam que a precisão em posição melhor que 10 m foi obtido usando dados reais do satélite Topex (com um mínimo de duas horas de dados - aproximadamente um período orbital). O resíduo de pseudo-distância teve um desvio padrão cerca de 5 m.
The Global Positioning System is a powerful and low cost process to compute orbits for some artificial Earth satellites. This work presents a method of orbit determination for satellites with an onboard GPS receiver. Pseudo-ranges are used in the measurements equations for the orbit estimator. The estimator considered is the recursive least squares method, numerically improved with orthogonal Givens rotations and thus avoiding problems concerning inversion of matrices. Up to high order geopotential perturbations are taken into account. Results indicate that precision better than 10 m is easily obtained using batches of one orbital period for the TOPEX satellite (two hours of orbital period). Standard deviation of about 5 m resulted for the residuals.

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Educação e aprendizado são assuntos de grande importância para a sociedade em vista do desenvolvimento tecnológico e do progresso social. No presente trabalho analisamos a distribuição estatística das notas dos candidatos ao vestibular (Exame de Admissão) da Academia da Força Aérea, situada em Pirassununga, Estado de São Paulo Brasil, onde se formam os Oficiais da Aeronáutica (Força Aérea Brasileira), entre os anos de 1999 a 2004, em busca de algumas características que indiquem o processo de aprendizagem em cada disciplina do vestibular. O exame de admissão consta de 4 disciplinas: Física, Matemática, Inglês e Português, todos com questões objetivas. Os candidatos melhor classificados são selecionados de acordo com o número de vagas determinado pelo Comando da Aeronáutica. Notou-se, claramente, que, nas disciplinas Física, Matemática e Inglês, as notas obedecem a uma distribuição do tipo Lei de Potência Gradualmente Truncada, como também foi observado anteriormente nas disciplinas, em conjunto, de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas. Na disciplina Português as notas obedecem a uma distribuição normal, resultado que se explica, considerando-se a dependência dos assuntos dados na área de Física, Matemática e Inglês (língua estrangeira) aos assuntos ministrados anteriormente, enquanto em Português, (língua materna) cada capítulo é relativamente independente. Também apresentamos sugestão para melhorar o ensino de ciências e matemáticas.
Science and Mathematic Education is a subject of great importance for the society in sight of recent technological and social program. In the present work, we study the statistical distribution of the marks obtained by the candidates in entrance examination of Air Force Academy, which prepare officers for Brazilian Air Force and is situated at Pirassununga São Paulo, in the period of 1999-2004. Our object is to find some characteristics of the process of learning in various disciplines. The admission examination consist of four disciplines; Physics, Mathematics, English and Portuguese. The candidates are selected in accordance with the merit list in the examination and number of seats available as determined by the Air Force Command. We showed that in the discipline of Physics, Mathematics and English, the distribution of marks obtained is in accordance with Gradually Truncated Power Law as also have been reported earlier in Exact and Biological Sciences in University entrance examination. In Portuguese the Distribution is Normal. We explained these results considering importance of the understanding of material given previously to understand a new chapter in area of Physics, Mathematics and English as our foreign language. In the case of Portuguese (Native Language), each chapter is relatively independent and thus not require knowledge of previous chapters. We also presented some suggestions to improve the science and Mathematics Education at High School level.

Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2014.
Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 99-100).
In this thesis, we concern ourselves with the problem of reasoning over a set of objects evolving over time that are coupled through interaction structures that are themselves changing over time. We focus on inferring time-varying interaction structures among a set of objects from sequences of noisy time series observations with the caveat that the number of interaction structures is not known a priori. Furthermore, we aim to develop an inference procedure that operates online, meaning that it is capable of incorporating observations as they arrive. We develop an online nonparametric inference algorithm called Online Nonparametric Switching Temporal Interaction Model inference (ONSTIM). ONSTIM is an extension of the work of Dzunic and Fisher [1], who employ a linear Gaussian model with time-varying transition dynamics as the generative graphical model for observed time series. Like Dzunic and Fisher, we employ sampling approaches to perform inference. Instead of presupposing a fixed number of interaction structures, however, we allow for proposal of new interaction structures sampled from a prior distribution as new observations are incorporated into our inference. We then demonstrate the viability of ONSTIM on synthetic and financial datasets. Synthetic datasets are sampled from a generative model, and financial datasets are constructed from the price data of various US stocks and ETFs.
by Bonny Jain.
M. Eng.
S.B.

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages [165]-173).
Non-hierarchical, participatory, consensus-based decision making has seen an explosion in popularity in recent years. The traditional techniques of formal consensus, however, are limited to face-to-face meetings, which can limit organizations' capacity due to their time and cost. InterTwinkles is a set of integrated but composable online tools designed to assist small and medium-sized groups in engaging in formal group decision making processes online. In this thesis, I present a thorough investigation of the ethical and practical motivations for consensus decision making, and relate these to concerns of control and autonomy in the design of online systems. I describe the participatory and iterative design process for building an online platform for consensus, with particular attention to the practical constraints of real-world groups with mixed technical aptitude. I present the results of a three month field trial with six cooperative groups in the Boston area, and evaluate the results through the lens of adaptive structuration theory, with particular attention on the fit between the ethical motivations and performance outcomes.
by Charles DeTar.
Ph. D.

Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2014.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
22
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 55-56).
Concurrent programming is important due to increasing core counts, but scalable concurrency control is difficult and error-prone to implement. Hardware Transactional Memory (HTM) addresses this problem by providing hardware support for concurrently executing arbitrary read-modify-write memory transactions. Intel released Transactional Synchronization eXtensions (TSX), a HTM implementation, in select processors to support scalable concurrency control. This thesis contributes a case study in applying TSX to the Linux virtual memory system, which currently serializes address-space operations with a lock. TSX should provide scalability by supporting concurrent address-space operations. Achieving scalability with TSX, however, turned out to be difficult due to transactional aborts. This thesis details how to identify and resolve abort problems, and it describes the necessary modifications to make address-space operations scale in Linux. This thesis also describes a new TLB shootdown algorithm, TxShootDown, which removes TLB shootdown from a transactional critical section while avoiding races due to concurrent address-space operations.
by Christopher Ryan Johnson.
S.M.

Orientador: Ubiratan D'Ambrósio
Banca: Adriana César de Mattos
Banca: Carlos Imediato
Resumo: A pesquisa intitulada: Educação Matemática e Educação Ambiental: um estudo etnomatemático das infrações ambientais é um trabalho etnográfico cujo objetivo é fazer uma proposta para os Estágios de Aperfeiçoamento Profissional dos Policiais Militares Ambientais do Estado de São Paulo/SP. Valho-me da etnomtemática para entender as estratégias matemáticas utilizadas pelos agentes fiscalizadores no âmbito de questões que envolvam a prática dos crimes ambientais. Procuro entender a maneira, os modos, as TICAS de lidar com o ambiente, de explicar os fatos e os fenômenos e compartilhar o MATEMA próprio ao grupo, ao ETNO. Para isso, analiso como se dá a percepção da matemática pelos agentes, a fim de entender as estratégias matemáticas utilizadas por eles no patrulhamento ambiental. Procuro relacionar a prática de seus atos com os conceitos matemáticos, a fim de aprimorar seus desempenhos nas fiscalizações e analiso as relações entre aqueles que praticam um crime ambiental e a polícia. No patrulhamento ambiental, o policial ao lidar com as diferentes modalidades de ocorrências ambientais desenvolve características próprias, peculiares ao serviço de fiscalização. Percebe uma diferença na vegetação, na cúpula das árvores, alteração nas demarcações de extrações, material lenhoso, corte de árvores, desgaste do solo, diferenciação das matas, queimadas, alteração em áreas de preservação permanente, estado das aves (se são selvagens ou domesticadas), enfim, todas essas formas de percepção representam estratégias "próprias", e nelas estão intrínsecas as noções de distância, de espaço, de tempo, de dimensão. Portanto, noções básicas de matemática. Conhecer estas estratégias matemáticas, possibilita fazer uma intervenção eficiente no que tange auxiliá-los a minimizar a ação daqueles que praticam crimes ambientais
Abstract: The research entitled Educação Matemática e Educação Ambiental: um estudo etnomatemático da infrações ambientais is an ethnographic work whose goal is to make a proposal Professional Stage for Improvement of the Environmental Military Police of the State of São Paulo/SP. An ethnomatematical approach helps to understand the mathematical strategies used by inspection agents in issues involving the practice of environmental crimes. I try to understand the way the modes, the TICS (techné) of explaining the facts and phenomena, the MATHEMA, which the group share to deal with their environment, their ETHNO. To do this, I look at the perception of Mathematics by the agents, in order to understand the mathematical strategies used by them in environmental patrols. I try to relate their practice with mathematical concepts, in order to improve their performances in the way they check environmental crimes and I analyze the relations between those who practice an environmental crime and the police, in environmental patrol. Policemen have to deal with the different kinds of environmental occurrences and they develop characteristic actions, peculiar to the supervisory service. Noticing differences in vegetation at the top of trees, the boundary changes of extractions, the timber stored, the ways of cutting trees, the soil erosion, the differentiation of thickets, burning, changes in permanent preservation areas, the state of the birds (whether they are wild or domesticated). Ultimately, all of these strategies of perception represent specific kinds of violation, and these depend on notions of distance, time, space, dimension. Therefore, they require understanding mathematics. Knowing these mathematical strategies, the action of policemen may be more efficient in intervening aiming at minimizing the action of those who practice environmental crimes
Mestre

Orientador: Ciro Moraes Barros
Banca: Sony Dimas Bicudo
Banca: Marcelo Fábio Gouveia Nogueira
Resumo: Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho verificar a relação entre diâmetro folicular, taxa de ovulação e a expressão gênica das isoformas do receptor de LH em vacas da raça Nelore. O experimento 1 foi realizado para verificar a dose mínima de LH capaz de induzir ovulação em folículos com diâmetro entre 10 e 11 mm. Vacas Nelore (n=20) foram submetidas à sincronização da ovulação e o crescimento folicular passou a ser acompanhado diariamente por ultrassonografia (US). Quando os folículos atingiram diâmetro entre 10 e 11 mm, os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos para receber diferentes doses de LH (Lutropin-V®, Bioniche, Ontario, Canada; IM): 1,56; 3,12; 6,25 e 12,5 mg. Os dados foram analisados pelo Teste Exato de Fisher (PROC FREQ, do SAS). As taxas de ovulação foram 0 (0/5), 80 (4/5), 80 (4/5) e 80% (4/5), respectivamente, ocorrendo diferença significativa entre o grupo 1,56 mg e os demais (p<0,02). No experimento 2, foram utilizados 6,25 mg de LH para induzir ovulação em vacas Nelore (n=53) submetidas a sincronização da ovulação e divididas em cinco grupos de acordo com o diâmetro folicular (mm) no momento da administração de LH: Grupo 1 (7,0 a 7,5); Grupo 2 (7,6 a 8,0); Grupo 3 (8,1 a 8,5); Grupo 4 (8,6 a 9,0) e Grupo 5 (9,1 a 10,0). Os resultados foram analisados por Regressão Logística (PROC GENMOD, do SAS). As taxas de ovulação foram 0 (0/11), 20 (2/10), 36 (4/11), 36 (4/11) e 90% (9/10), respectivamente. Houve diferença significativa entre G5 e os demais grupos (p<0,01). Ao associar G1+G2 (7,0 a 8,0 mm), G3+G4 (8,1 a 9,0 mm) e G5 (9,1 a 10,0 mm) as taxas de ovulação foram 9 (2/21), 36 (8/22) e 90% (9/10), respectivamente. Houve diferença significativa entre G1+G2 vs G5 (p<0,01), G3+G4 vs G5 (p<0,02) e G1+G2 vs G3+G4 (p<0,03). Após a administração de LH, o diâmetro do menor folículo capaz de ovular foi 7,65 mm. No experimento ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The aim of the present experiment was to verify the relationship between follicular diameter, ovulation rate and gene expression of LH receptor isoforms, in Nellore cows. Experiment 1 was performed to determine the lowest LH dose necessary to induce ovulation in follicles with 10 to 11 mm in diameter. Nellore cows (n=20) had their ovulation induced by hormonal treatment, and afterwards follicular growth was daily observed by ultrasonography (US). When the follicles reached 10 to 11 mm diameter, the cows were randomly allocated in four groups and treated with different doses of LH (Lutropin-V®, Bioniche, Ontario, Canada): Groups 1.56; 3.12; 6.25 and 12.5 mg. The data were analyzed by Fisher's Exact Test (PROC FREQ, SAS). The ovulation rates were 0 (0/5), 80 (4/5), 80 (4/5) e 80% (4/5), respectively, and it was lower in group 1.56 when compared to the others (P<0.02). In experiment 2, the 6.25 mg LH dose was chosen to induce ovulation in Nellore cows (n=53), submitted to the same hormonal treatment used in experiment 1, and randomly allocated in five groups according to follicular diameter (mm) at the time of LH administration: Group 1 (7.0-7.5); Group 2 (7.6-8.0); Group 3 (8.1-8.5); Group 4 (8.6-9.0) and Group 5 (9.1-10.0). The results were analyzed by Logistic Regression (PROC GENMOD, SAS). The ovulation rates were 0 (0/11), 20 (2/10), 36 (4/11), 36 (4/11) and 90% (9/10), respectively, for G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5. There was significant difference between G5 and the others groups (P<0.01). When data from two groups (except Group 5) were combined G1+G2 (7.0-8.0 mm), G3+G4 (8.1-9.0 mm) and G5 (9.1-10.0) ovulation rates were, respectively, 9 (2/21), 36 (8/22) e 90% (9/10). There were significant differences when comparing G1+G2 v. G5 (P<0.01), G3+G4 v. G5 (P<0.02) and G1+G2 v. G3+G4 (P<0.03). After LH application, the smallest follicle that ovulated had a diameter of 7.65 mm. In ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

Orientador: Alvimar Lima de Castro
Banca: José Maria Bertão
Banca: Ana Maria Pires Soubhia
Resumo: Nove suínos da raça Large White foram utilizados para estudo do processo de reparo ósseo após osteotomia com instrumento rotatório de baixa e alta velocidade, com e sem refrigeração líquida. Os autores observaram, através de análise histopatológica duplo cega, que em todos os tempos operatórios analisados, o reparo ósseo se processou mais adequadamente quando as osteotomias foram realizadas com refrigeração líquida. Nos tempos pós-operatórios finais, de quatorze e vinte e oito dias, os melhores resultados de reparo ósseo foram observados nas osteotomias realizadas com brocas de baixa rotação e com refrigeração líquida, ao passo que no tempo pós-operatório de sete dias, os resultados do reparo ósseo de osteotomias realizadas com brocas de alta rotação e com refrigeração líquida foram discretamente melhores. Os autores consideram, ainda, que o processo de reparo ósseo em suínos mostra maior proximidade nos quadros histológicos entre as variáveis estudadas, quando comparado com outros modelos biológicos. Como a maioria dos trabalhos relatados na literatura se refere a utilização de cães, os autores consideram que o presente trabalho garante sua importância no sentido de se buscar um modelo mais próximo do homem.
Abstract: Nine swines of the White Large race were used for study of the process of bony repair after osteotomy with rotating instruments of low and high-speed, with and without liquid refrigeration. The authors observed, through double blind histopathological analysis, that in every analyzed operative time, the bony repair was processed more appropriately when the osteotomies were accomplished with liquid refrigeration. In the final postoperative times, of fourteen and twenty-eight days, the best results of bony repair were observed in the osteotomy accomplished with drills of low rotation and with liquid refrigeration, while in the postoperative time of seven days, the results of the bony repair of osteotomy accomplished with drills of high rotation and with liquid refrigeration they were better. The authors consider, still, that the process of bony repair in swine display larger proximity in the histological pictures among the studied variables, when compared with other biological models. As most of the works told in the literature it refers the use of dogs, the authors consider that the present work guarantees your importance in the sense of looking for a closer model of the man.
Mestre

Orientador: Arlindo Leal Boiça Júnior
Banca: José Carlos Barbosa
Banca: Marcelo Francisco Arantes Pereira
Resumo: Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a não preferência para alimentação e tolerância, em genótipos de soja, ao ataque de Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), assim como avaliar metodologias de pesquisa, em teste de preferência para oviposição, e avaliar graus de resistência do tipo antibiose. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em laboratório, sob condições controladas de temperatura (25 ± 2 ºC), umidade relativa (70 ± 10%) e fotofase (12 horas), exceto o experimento de não preferência para alimentação de larvas, o qual foi conduzido em condições de casa de vegetação. Foram utilizados 10 genótipos de soja para os testes de não preferência para alimentação de adultos (discos foliares e plantas jovens), quais sejam: IAC 100, BRSGO 8360, IGRA RA 626 RR, DM 339, BRS Valiosa RR, Dowling, IGRA RA 516 RR, PI 227687, PI 274454 e BR 16, dos quais seis foram selecionados para os testes subsequentes. Os experimentos de não preferência para alimentação de adultos, com e sem chance de escolha, foram realizados adotando-se dois modelos experimentais, utilizando-se discos foliares e folhas de plantas jovens de soja (não destacando-as da planta), avaliando a atratividade de adultos pelos genótipos de soja em diferentes períodos de tempo, e a área foliar consumida. Paralelamente à realização destes experimentos, foi quantificado o número de tricomas nas folhas dos genótipos de soja, com a finalidade de...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This work aimed to evaluate the non-preference for feeding and tolerance, on soybean genotypes, to the attack of Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), as well as to assess research methodologies, in oviposition preference test, and evaluate the antibiosis type resistance degrees. The experiments were conducted in laboratory, under controlled conditions of temperature (25 ± 2 ºC), relative humidity (70 ± 10%), and photophase (12 hours), except the experiment of non-preference for larvae feeding, which was performed in greenhouse conditions. Ten soybean genotypes were used for non-preference for adults feeding tests (leaf discs and young plants), which were IAC 100, BRSGO 8360, IGRA RA 626 RR, DM 339, BRS Valiosa RR, Dowling, IGRA RA 516 RR, PI 227687, PI 274454 and BR 16, being six selected for the posterior tests. The non-preference for adults feeding experiments, carried out in free and no-choice tests, were fulfilled adopting two experiment models, using leaf discs and leaves of soybean young plants (not detaching them), assessing the adults attractiveness for soybean genotypes at different periods of time, and the leaf intake, being the value express in square centimeter for the test with leaf discs, and injury grade and leaf intake percentage for the test with young plants. Concomitantly to the performing of these experiments, the trichomes number on soybean genotypes leaves was assessed, for the purpose of observing the influence... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

Resumo: Levando em consideração a importância do ensino de língua materna, na escola, mais especificamente o trabalho de produção textual, tomamos como objeto de análise textos de alunos do Ensino Médio de uma escola privada, do norte do Paraná, os quais foram, por sua vez, publicados no livro A palavra é a semente, dos volumes 4, 5, 6, e 7, respectivamente dos anos 1999, 2000, 2001 e 2003. Empregamos conceitos como dialogismo, aparelhos ideológicos de Estado, além de outros da Análise do Discurso (AD), a fim de fundamentar a nossa pesquisa. Algumas particularidades da AD, tais como o discurso, o sujeito e a ideologia tornaram-se relevantes para a percepção do funcionamento discursivo. Tomamos os enunciados numa relação dialógica, procurando compreender sua constituição. À medida que os examinamos, ouvimos os ecos de vários lugares: vozes da mídia, da instituição de ensino católico, dos professores de diversas áreas. Além de desconstruir os enunciados, buscando-lhes os sentidos e suas filiações, procuramos também compreender a criatividade na produção textual dos alunos, no âmbito escolar. Encontramos nos dizeres de Foucault, de Pêcheux, de Bakhtin, de Orlandi, justificativas para a repetição do já-dito nos enunciados produzidos na escola. Entendemos as condições de produção também como um aspecto importante, pois, em algumas narrativas, ecoam vozes que fazem lembrar o discurso religioso. Acreditamos que isso ocorra porque o sujeito-aluno, ao freqüentar uma instituição de ensino que tem como propósito uma formação pautada em valores cristãos, esteja envolvido por uma ideologia de ordem religiosa.
Abstract: Considering the importance of teaching the mother tongue in schools, mainly text production, we took as analysis object the texts produced by students of a Secondary School from a private school in the north of Paraná. These texts were, later on, published in the book A palavra é a semente (The word is the seed), volumes 4, 5, 6, and 7 in 1999, 2000, 2001 and 2003, respectively. Concepts such as dialogism, the State's ideological apparels, and others taken from Discourse Analysis (DA), were employed in order to ground our research. Some specifities from DA, such as the discourse, the subject and the ideology became relevant for the perception of how the discourse works. We studied the statements in a dialogic form, trying to understand their constitution. As we examined them, we were able to hear echoes from several places: voices from the media, from the Catholic teaching institution, and from teachers of several areas. Besides disassembling these statements, looking for their meanings and their subordination, we also tried to understand the role creativity played in the students' text production within the school. We found, as put by Foucault, Pêcheux, Bakhtin, Orlandi, justification for the repetition in their texts of what they had already heard in the teaching institution. We also consider the production conditions as an important aspect because, in some narratives, we found voices that remind us of the Church discourse. We believe that the cause for this is that the subject-student, by attending a teaching institution that has as purpose a formation centered in Christian values, is overwhelmed by the religious order ideology.
Orientador: Rony Farto Pereira
Coorientador: Sílvia Inês C. C. de Vasconcelos
Banca: Luiz Carlos Fernandes
Banca: Carlos Eduardo Mendes de Moraes
Mestre

Orientador: Silvana Vieira da Silva
Banca: Guacira Marcondes Machado Leite
Banca: Norma Domingos
Resumo: O presente trabalho tem por objetivo caracterizar a obra Les amours jaunes, de Tristan Corbière, a partir de teorias sobre a modernidade estética fin de siècle. Os movimentos que encerram em si os questionamentos basilares para a formação do pensamento identitário do sujeito poético moderno, como Romantismo, Decadentismo e Simbolismo foram abordados à medida que contribuíam para a compreensão dos textos corbierianos. Buscamos estudar os motivos recorrentes e a linguagem coloquial que demonstram uma preocupação em repensar o papel da lírica em tempos de acentuado progresso material. Esses questionamentos com relação à poesia assumem uma conotação mais individualizante e terminam por revelar uma inquietação quanto à própria concepção do sujeito lírico. O niilismo característico da época não esconde a possibilidade de estabelecer uma razão de existência através da arte, e assim, o diletantismo e o esteticismo revelam uma nova acepção de identidade, comum no século XX, mas que vinha sendo pensada desde o século anterior. A busca por uma identidade contrapõe-se à inviabilidade do estabelecimento de verdades unas, logo, o sujeito poético moderno permance sempre com um aspecto fragmentário, entretanto, perceptível através de seus textos
Résumé: Ce travail a pour objectif de caractériser l'oeuvre Les amours jaunes, de Tristan Corbière, a partir de théories sur la modernité esthétique fin de siècle. Les mouvements qui enchaînent les questionnements de base pour la formation de la pensée identitaire du sujet poétique moderne, comme le Romantisme, le Décadentisme et le Symbolisme ont été abordés à mesure qu'ils concouraient pour la compréhension des textes corbiériens. Nous avons cherché à étudier les motifs récurrent et le langage courant qui montrent la préoccupation de repenser le rôle du genre lyrique en tant que progrès matériel accentué, et ces questionnements par rapport à la poésie assument une connotation plus individualiste et finissent par reveler une inquiétude relativement à la conception du sujet lyrique elle-même. Le nihilisme caractéristique de l'époque ne cache pas la possibilité d'établir une raison d'existence à travers l'art, car le dilettantisme et l'esthétisme revèlent une nouvelle acception de l'identité, ordinaire au XXe siècle, mais qui avait été pensée depuis le siècle antérieur. La quête d'une identité s'oppose à l'impossibilité de la formulation des vérités uniques, ainsi le sujet poétique moderne garde toujours avec une allure fragmentaire, quand même perceptible à travers ses textes
Mestre

Resumo: Neste trabalho caracterizamos duas práticas educacionais. De um lado, o ensino de matemática como sendo toda prática que procura se justificar através da existência de uma única matemática de caráter universal e a priori, e que atribui para si, como missão, a transmissão dessa matemática da forma mais precisa possível. Diante desta concepção nós propomos que a história da matemática para o ensino de matemática tem como pano de fundo uma matemática a priori e que, neste caso, os "fatos históricos" acabam conectados por uma lógica imposta, de forma implícita, que em última análise está fundamentada em uma concepção de matemática. De outro lado, toda prática que considera determinar e ser determinada por uma concepção de matemática é educação matemática (EM). Assim, a EM considera suas práticas e a matemática como partes de uma dialética. Na EM os estudos de História da Matemática se justificam como um espaço que considera a existência de distintas concepções de matemática. Finalmente, apresentamos um contexto histórico para análise matemática (CHAM) como exemplo de considerações de história da matemática, do ponto de vista da EM caracterizada por nós.
Abstract: In this paper we understand two different educational practices. On one hand the mathematics teaching as all practice that justify itself because one believe there is a mathematics which is universal and a priori. This way of teaching consider that its mission is merely the transmission of the universal mathematics as accurately as possible. In this sense the history of mathematics as tied up to the concepts and to the logic of this priori science. On the other hand the Mathematics Education as a practice that consider that mathematics is engendered dialectically and because of this take into account different mathematical conceptions. In this sense the studies of mathematics history present several conceptions of mathematics. In this paper we also present a historical context for mathematical analysis (HCMA) as an example of how to understand the history of mathematics from the perspective of mathematics education.
Orientador: Rosa Lúcia Sverzut Baroni
Coorientador: Vanderlei Marcos do Nascimento
Banca: Romulo Campos Lins
Banca: Renata Cristina Geromel Meneghetti
Mestre

Resumo: O Sistema de Posicionamento Global oferece um poderoso e relativamente barato processo para se determinar órbitas de satélites artificiais da Terra. Este trabalho apresenta um método de determinação de órbita para satélites com um receptor GPS a bordo. Medidas de pseudo-distância são usadas para estimar o vetor de estado. O estimador considerado é o método dos mínimos quadrados recursivo, através de rotações ortogonais de Givens, com a finalidade de evitar problemas numéricos e de inversão de matrizes. É considerado a modelagem das forças devido ao geopotencial de alto grau e ordem. Resultados indicam que a precisão em posição melhor que 10 m foi obtido usando dados reais do satélite Topex (com um mínimo de duas horas de dados - aproximadamente um período orbital). O resíduo de pseudo-distância teve um desvio padrão cerca de 5 m.
Abstract: The Global Positioning System is a powerful and low cost process to compute orbits for some artificial Earth satellites. This work presents a method of orbit determination for satellites with an onboard GPS receiver. Pseudo-ranges are used in the measurements equations for the orbit estimator. The estimator considered is the recursive least squares method, numerically improved with orthogonal Givens rotations and thus avoiding problems concerning inversion of matrices. Up to high order geopotential perturbations are taken into account. Results indicate that precision better than 10 m is easily obtained using batches of one orbital period for the TOPEX satellite (two hours of orbital period). Standard deviation of about 5 m resulted for the residuals.
Orientador: Rodolpho Vilhena de Moraes
Coorientador: Hélio Koiti Kuga
Mestre

Orientador: Maria do Rosário Longo Mortatti
Banca: Maria do Rosário Valencise Gregolim
Banca: Márcia Razzini
Resumo: A fim de contribuir para a compreensão da história do ensino de língua portuguesa no Brasil e para a compreensão da proposta de João Wanderley Geraldi acerca desse ensino, são analisados, nesta dissertação, aspectos da coletânea O texto na sala de aula, organizada por Geraldi e editada pela ASSOESTE, em 1984, e pela Ática, em 1997. Foram utilizados, para a pesquisa de que resultou esta dissertação, procedimentos de localização, reunião e ordenação da bibliografia de João Wanderley Geraldi e sobre sua obra e atuação profissional, que viabilizaram a análise da configuração textual da coletânea O texto na sala de aula, com ênfase nos artigos assinados por Geraldi. Foi possível concluir que o "projeto do Wanderley", baseado nos pressupostos teóricos do interacionismo lingüístico e disseminado em nosso país a partir da década de 1980, por meio da coletânea em questão, pode ser considerado como uma "revolução conceitual" no âmbito desse ensino, especialmente em decorrência da centralidade atribuída ao texto e ao "trabalho com as três práticas".
Abstract: Aiming to contribute to the understanding of the history of the Portuguese language teaching in Brazil and to the understanding of the proposal of João Wanderley Geraldi about this teaching, in the dissertation, aspects of the collection O texto na sala de aula, organized by Geraldi and edited by ASSOESTE in 1984, and by Ática, in 1997, are analyzed. For the research that resulted in this dissertation, procedures of localization, meeting, and ordering of the bibliography of João Wanderley Geraldi and about his work and professional acting that led to the analysis of the textual configuration of the collection O texto na sala de aula, with emphasis on the articles signed by Geraldi. It was possible to conclude that "Wanderley's project" based on the theoretical assumptions of linguistic interactionism and disseminated throughout our country from the 80's, through this collection, can be considered as a "conceptual revolution" in the field of this teaching, mainly in the arising of the centrality attributed to the text and to the "work with three practices".
Mestre

Orientador: Hari Mohan Gupta
Banca: Gerson Antonio Santarine
Banca: Osvaldo Missiato
Resumo: Educação e aprendizado são assuntos de grande importância para a sociedade em vista do desenvolvimento tecnológico e do progresso social. No presente trabalho analisamos a distribuição estatística das notas dos candidatos ao vestibular (Exame de Admissão) da Academia da Força Aérea, situada em Pirassununga, Estado de São Paulo Brasil, onde se formam os Oficiais da Aeronáutica (Força Aérea Brasileira), entre os anos de 1999 a 2004, em busca de algumas características que indiquem o processo de aprendizagem em cada disciplina do vestibular. O exame de admissão consta de 4 disciplinas: Física, Matemática, Inglês e Português, todos com questões objetivas. Os candidatos melhor classificados são selecionados de acordo com o número de vagas determinado pelo Comando da Aeronáutica. Notou-se, claramente, que, nas disciplinas Física, Matemática e Inglês, as notas obedecem a uma distribuição do tipo Lei de Potência Gradualmente Truncada, como também foi observado anteriormente nas disciplinas, em conjunto, de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas. Na disciplina Português as notas obedecem a uma distribuição normal, resultado que se explica, considerando-se a dependência dos assuntos dados na área de Física, Matemática e Inglês (língua estrangeira) aos assuntos ministrados anteriormente, enquanto em Português, (língua materna) cada capítulo é relativamente independente. Também apresentamos sugestão para melhorar o ensino de ciências e matemáticas.
Abstract: Science and Mathematic Education is a subject of great importance for the society in sight of recent technological and social program. In the present work, we study the statistical distribution of the marks obtained by the candidates in entrance examination of Air Force Academy, which prepare officers for Brazilian Air Force and is situated at Pirassununga São Paulo, in the period of 1999-2004. Our object is to find some characteristics of the process of learning in various disciplines. The admission examination consist of four disciplines; Physics, Mathematics, English and Portuguese. The candidates are selected in accordance with the merit list in the examination and number of seats available as determined by the Air Force Command. We showed that in the discipline of Physics, Mathematics and English, the distribution of marks obtained is in accordance with Gradually Truncated Power Law as also have been reported earlier in Exact and Biological Sciences in University entrance examination. In Portuguese the Distribution is Normal. We explained these results considering importance of the understanding of material given previously to understand a new chapter in area of Physics, Mathematics and English as our foreign language. In the case of Portuguese (Native Language), each chapter is relatively independent and thus not require knowledge of previous chapters. We also presented some suggestions to improve the science and Mathematics Education at High School level.
Mestre

Root growth potential CRGP) is the measure of seedling ability to grow new roots. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings from 5 seedlots were raised at two widely separated nurseries (Summerville, SC and New Kent, VA). In Experiment I, RGP was determined during the fall and winter of 1984-85 and 1985-86, and several morphological traits were measured. In Experiment II seedlings from the same seedlots were lifted during February 1985 and 1986 at both nurseries, and cold stored until subsequent outplanting; subsamples of outplanted seedlings were used for RGP determinations. Root growth potential varied significantly by family, nursery, and lift date, and first order interactions were significant. Generally, the RGP of Summerville raised seedlings was higher than that of New Kent raised seedlings. RGP was not strongly correlated with common measures of shoot morphology, but RGP was consistently well correlated with lateral root dry weight. In Experiment II, RGP varied significantly by family, nursery, and storage duration. The family x nursery effect was the only significant interaction. Summerville raised seedlings had higher RGP on each planting date. During each year RGP declined rapidly in storage. First year survival was significantly correlated with RGP (r = .52, p < .001). Height increment and RGP were also strongly correlated (r = .80, p < .001). These relationships and their implications for nursery management were discussed.
M.S.

Studies were undertaken to determine the dispersal mechanisms of Verticicladiella procera Kendrick, the causal agent of Procera Root Disease (PRD). Propagule germinability in artificially infested soil decrease rapidly under natural and controlled conditions. Colonization of seedlings in artificially infested soil was rare and symptoms were not displayed by colonized seedlings. Natural populations of V. procera were closely associated with colonized root tissue. Colonization of field planted seedlings was related to proximity to root collars of diseased trees and insect activity on the seedlings. Insects (Coleoptera) contaminated with V. procera were found in plantations both with and without PRD. The percent of weevils and bark beetles contaminated with V. procera was 64 and 0.76 respectively. Verticicladiella procera was transmitted to white pine bolts in the field and under controlled conditions following visitation by contaminated insects. Verticicladiella procera was associated with larval galleries and frass in trap bolts and was observed fruiting in insect galleries in root systems of diseased trees. This evidence suggests that transmission by insects, especially weevils, is the more important mechanism for dispersal and that soil-borne propagules have a minor role in pathogen spread.
M.S.

How can architecture connect us to our environments? Is architecture responsible for connecting its user to their surrounding context? Can our spaces inform us about the world around us? There are numerous ways that humans can feel a connection to nature. But, what ways are more universal than others? What aspects of the natural world cross geographical and cultural boundaries? Perhaps, architecture can connect us to our environments by revealing the universal passing of time through natural daylighting by way of structure, materiality, and texture. As the primary instrument, daylighting will be used in this body of work to explore time on an hourly and seasonal basis. It will do this by housing two light-sensitive programs, a painting conservatory and gallery space. By pairing these programs together, the architecture will investigate time by comparing and contrasting two user types and their corresponding needs from each program. Finally, by setting the architecture in the center of a urban block, the thesis can draw upon this high contrast to reinforce the connections it has constructed and made between the user and the natural environment.
Master of Architecture

Existing state-of-the-art legged robots often require complex mechanisms with multi-level controllers and computationally expensive algorithms. Part of this is owed to the multiple degrees of freedom (DOFs) these intricate mechanisms possess and the other is a result of the complex nature of dynamic legged locomotion. The underlying dynamics of this class of non-linear systems must be addressed in order to develop systems that perform natural human/animal-like locomotion. However, there are no stringent rules for the number of DOFs in a system; this is merely a matter of the locomotion requirements of the system. In general, most systems designed for dynamic locomotion consist of multiple actuators per leg to address the balance and locomotion tasks simultaneously. In contrast, this research hypothesizes the decoupling of locomotion and balance by omitting the DOFs whose primary purpose is dynamic disturbance rejection to enable a far simplified mechanical design for the legged system. This thesis presents a novel single DOF mechanism that is topologically arranged to execute a trajectory conducive to dynamic locomotive gaits. To simplify the problem of dynamic balancing, the mechanism is designed to be utilized in a quadrupedal platform in the future. The preliminary design, based upon heuristic link lengths, is presented and subjected to kinematic analysis to evaluate the resulting trajectory. To improve the result and to analyze the effect of key link lengths, sensitivity analysis is then performed. Further, a reference trajectory is established and a parametric optimization over the design space is performed to drive the system to an optimal configuration. The evolved design is identified as the Bio-Inspired One-DOF Leg for Trotting (BOLT). The dynamics of this closed kinematic chain mechanism is then simplified, resulting in a minimal order state space representation. A prototype of the robotic leg was integrated and mounted on a treadmill rig to perform various experiments. Finally, open loop running is implemented on the integrated prototype demonstrating the locomotive performance of BOLT.
MS

Integrated microwave photonics changes the scaling laws of information and communication systems offering architectural choices that combine photonics with electronics to optimize performance, power, footprint and cost. Application Specific Photonic Integrated Circuits, where particular circuits/chips are designed to optimally perform particular functionalities, require a considerable number of design and fabrication iterations leading to long-development times and costly implementations. A different approach inspired by electronic Field Programmable Gate Arrays is the programmable Microwave Photonic processor, where a common hardware implemented by the combination of microwave, photonic and electronic subsystems, realizes different functionalities through programming. Here, we propose the first-ever generic-purpose Microwave Photonic processor concept and architecture. This versatile processor requires a powerful end-to-end field-based analytical model to optimally configure all their subsystems as well as to evaluate their performance in terms of the radiofrequency gain, noise and dynamic range. Therefore, we develop a generic model for integrated Microwave Photonics systems. The key element of the processor is the reconfigurable optical core. It requires high flexibility and versatility to enable reconfigurable interconnections between subsystems as well as the synthesis of photonic integrated circuits. For this element, we focus on a 2-dimensional photonic waveguide mesh based on the interconnection of tunable couplers. Within the framework of this Thesis, we have proposed two novel interconnection schemes, aiming for a mesh design with a high level of versatility. Focusing on the hexagonal waveguide mesh, we explore the synthesis of a high variety of photonic integrated circuits and particular Microwave Photonics applications that can potentially be performed on a single hardware. In addition, we report the first-ever demonstration of such reconfigurable waveguide mesh in silicon. We demonstrate a world-record number of functionalities on a single photonic integrated circuit enabling over 30 different functionalities from the 100 that could be potentially obtained with a simple seven hexagonal cell structure. The resulting device can be applied to different fields including communications, chemical and biomedical sensing, signal processing, multiprocessor networks as well as quantum information systems. Our work is an important step towards this paradigm and sets the base for a new era of generic-purpose photonic integrated systems.
Los dispositivos integrados de fotónica de microondas ofrecen soluciones optimizadas para los sistemas de información y comunicación. Generalmente, están compuestos por diferentes arquitecturas en las que subsistemas ópticos y electrónicos se integran para optimizar las prestaciones, el consumo, el tamaño y el coste del dispositivo final. Hasta ahora, los circuitos/chips de propósito específico se han diseñado para proporcionar una funcionalidad concreta, requiriendo así un número considerable de iteraciones entre las etapas de diseño, fabricación y medida, que origina tiempos de desarrollo largos y costes demasiado elevados. Una alternativa, inspirada por las FPGA (del inglés Field Programmable Gate Array), es el procesador fotónico programable. Este dispositivo combina la integración de subsistemas de microondas, ópticos y electrónicos para realizar, mediante la programación de los mismos y sus interconexiones, diferentes funcionalidades. En este trabajo, proponemos por primera vez el concepto del procesador de propósito general, así como su arquitectura. Además, con el fin de diseñar, optimizar y evaluar las prestaciones básicas del dispositivo, hemos desarrollado un modelo analítico extremo a extremo basado en las componentes del campo electromagnético. El modelo desarrollado proporciona como resultado la ganancia, el ruido y el rango dinámico global para distintas configuraciones de modulación y detección, en función de los subsistemas y su configuración. El elemento principal del procesador es su núcleo óptico reconfigurable. Éste requiere un alto grado de flexibilidad y versatilidad para reconfigurar las interconexiones entre los distintos subsistemas y para sintetizar los circuitos para el procesado óptico. Para este subsistema, proponemos el diseño de guías de onda reconfigurables para la creación de mallados bidimensionales. En el marco de esta tesis, hemos propuesto dos nuevos nodos de interconexión óptica para mallas reconfigurables, con el objetivo de obtener un mayor grado de versatilidad. Una vez escogida la malla hexagonal para el núcleo del procesador, hemos analizado la configuración de un gran número de circuitos fotónicos integrados y de funcionalidades de fotónica de microondas. El trabajo se ha completado con la demonstración de la primera malla reconfigurable integrada en un chip de silicio, demostrando además la síntesis de 30 de las 100 funcionalidades que potencialmente se pueden obtener con la malla diseñada compuesta de 7 celdas hexagonales. Este hecho supone un record frente a los sistemas de propósito específico. El sistema puede aplicarse en diferentes campos como las comunicaciones, los sensores químicos y biomédicos, el procesado de señales, la gestión y procesamiento de redes y los sistemas de información cuánticos. El conjunto del trabajo realizado representa un paso importante en la evolución de este paradigma, y sienta las bases para una nueva era de dispositivos fotónicos de propósito general.
Els dispositius integrats de Fotònica de Microones oferixen solucions optimitzades per als sistemes d'informació i comunicació. Generalment, estan compostos per diferents arquitectures en què subsistemes òptics i electrònics s'integren per a optimitzar les prestacions, el consum, la grandària i el cost del dispositiu final. Fins ara, els circuits/xips de propòsit específic s'han dissenyat per a proporcionar una funcionalitat concreta, requerint així un nombre considerable d'iteracions entre les etapes de disseny, fabricació i mesura, que origina temps de desenrotllament llargs i costos massa elevats. Una alternativa, inspirada per les FPGA (de l'anglés Field Programmable Gate Array), és el processador fotònic programable. Este dispositiu combina la integració de subsistemes de microones, òptics i electrònics per a realitzar, per mitjà de la programació dels mateixos i les seues interconnexions, diferents funcionalitats. En este treball proposem per primera vegada el concepte del processador de propòsit general, així com la seua arquitectura. A més, a fi de dissenyar, optimitzar i avaluar les prestacions bàsiques del dispositiu, hem desenrotllat un model analític extrem a extrem basat en els components del camp electromagnètic. El model desenrotllat proporciona com resultat el guany, el soroll i el rang dinàmic global per a distintes configuracions de modulació i detecció, en funció dels subsistemes i la seua configuració. L'element principal del processador és el seu nucli òptic reconfigurable. Este requerix un alt grau de flexibilitat i versatilitat per a reconfigurar les interconnexions entre els distints subsistemes i per a sintetitzar els circuits per al processat òptic. Per a este subsistema, proposem el disseny de guies d'onda reconfigurables per a la creació de mallats bidimensionals. En el marc d'esta tesi, hem proposat dos nous nodes d'interconnexió òptica per a malles reconfigurables, amb l'objectiu d'obtindre un major grau de versatilitat. Una vegada triada la malla hexagonal per al nucli del processador, hem analitzat la configuració d'un gran nombre de circuits fotónicos integrats i de funcionalitats de fotónica de microones. El treball s'ha completat amb la demostració de la primera malla reconfigurable integrada en un xip de silici, demostrant a més la síntesi de 30 de les 100 funcionalitats que potencialment es poden obtindre amb la malla dissenyada composta de 7 cèl·lules hexagonals. Este fet suposa un rècord enfront dels sistemes de propòsit específic. El sistema pot aplicarse en diferents camps com les comunicacions, els sensors químics i biomèdics, el processat de senyals, la gestió i processament de xarxes i els sistemes d'informació quàntics. El conjunt del treball realitzat representa un pas important en l'evolució d'este paradigma, i assenta les bases per a una nova era de dispositius fotónicos de propòsit general.
Pérez López, D. (2017). Integrated Microwave Photonic Processors using Waveguide Mesh Cores [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/91232
TESIS

Occupational stress is considered to be one of the ten leading work-related health problems. Several research showed that stress consequences have a negative impact on the worker in several way. Moreover, literature have shown that the work environment can have a major effect on employee work-related stress. For this reason, occupational health psychology is increasingly focused on identifying the relationships between job characteristics and psychological well-being. In light of these considerations, the central aim of this dissertation was to give a significant contribution to the understanding of work-related stress. Specifically, the main aims of the present dissertation were: (a) to provide supports for future research in the Italian context, examining the psychometric characteristics of a measures of job-related affective well-being; (b) to examine, within the JD-R model, whether certain working conditions can play a key role within the stress process and, more in detail, whether job-related affect can mediate the relationship between job characteristics and outcomes of job stress; (c) to explore the relationship of job stress and specific working conditions with business performance in a group of entrepreneurs of microenterprises. These objectives have been pursued by means of three empirical studies presented in the three chapters respectively. In general, this dissertation confirmed that work-related stress is a complex and multi-dimensional problem with the potential to negatively impact the individual and organizational health.

La tesi considera les configuracions de profunditat i control d'accés com els paràmetres principals de la recerca acadèmica. L'àmbit de la investigació es defineix per una escala intermitja i alternant, associada a la complexitat dels projectes urbans: desde l'escala domèstica, a l'escala de barri fins a la dimensió i la complexitat de les zones de desenvolupament urbà. La tesi pronuncia un discurs teòric i conceptual sobre la profunditat, verificat amb la re-lectura de projectes històrics i contemporanis que utilitzen diversos models de proximitat i accessibilitat. La investigació acadèmica inclou referències sobre la proximitat, la permeabilitat, les fronteres territorials i l'estudi de les configuracions de profunditat, juntament amb les seves condicions espaials, socials, culturals i ambientals. Diverses configuracions de profunditat que determinen els moviments lineals i múltiples entre els àmbits públics i privats, i entre els espais amb ús individual o col.lectiu, van ser estudiats i comparats. La idea d'espai col·lectiu i els seus sistemes relacionats de distàncies relatives és el file rouge de la investigació. La present tesi redefineix i enmarca el concepte de profunditat; explicant, classificant i comparant diferents models d'accessibilitat i el seu significat social o cultural. Diferents formes de definir els límits, juntament amb els nous conceptes d'espai públic, són estudiats i relacionats amb el discurs sobre la proximitat, profunditat i accessibilitat. Utilitzant la re-lectura dels dos models teòrics i els projectes construïts, la tesi descriuen diferents maneres d'aplicació i suggereix les possibles directrius per als projectes urbans.
La profunditat es relaciona amb els models d'organització de l'espai en constant evolució de territoris agregats, inclosos o superposats: la definició i control d'accés proporciona un control territorial. Els mecanismes territorials es basen en la creació de relacions asimètriques: el control territorial tendeix a establir relacions verticals que eviten l'accés en igualtat o indiferència entre els usuaris de l'espai a totes les escales. La lectura jeràrquica de la profunditat, així com la no-jeràrquica, suggereix l'existència de sistemes de configuració, amb la determinació de diversos paràmetres urbanístics i agents operatius simultanis. Les dues teories coincideixen en la importància de la profunditat i la permeabilitat de les configuracions espaials. Després de diversos casos d'estudi, es conclou que la profunditat no només depèn de la quantitat de creuaments de fronteres territorials, o de la quantitat d'espais col.lectius dins d'una seqüència, sinò en la configuració d'espais compartits dins d'un projecte: és el valor de la integració de l'espai compartit el que defineix la qualitat de la configuració de la profunditat. Augmentar la quantitat d'espais col.lectius no implica necessàriament augmentar el valor de la profunditat: depèn de la configuració de la proximitat i la permeabilitat del projecte a diferents nivells, juntament amb la naturalesa de les tàctiques aplicades en la codificació de l'espai.
En general, podem detectar una disminució del nivell de complexitat en molts projectes urbans, amb una codificació territorial menys subtil, que permet poca interpretació per part dels usuaris. Els projectes urbans recents no presenten configuracions de profunditat de menor o major longitud, però moltes vegades han obtingut una configuració més simple amb una definició més explícita dels territoris. La majoria dels projectes urbans recents mostren menys estratègies multiple-choice i són més funcionals. En molts projectes, el valor integrat depèn cada vegada més d'elements tipus corredor i de transicions territorials pre-planificades, evitant escenaris de solapament.
Els espais col·lectius no són sinònims d'espais entre zones privades i públiques però són superfícies horitzontals extensibles depenent del temps, sovint incloent propietats privades o públiques. Les configuracions de profunditat no es basen en la distinció públic/privat tradicional sinò que depenen de la quantitat, naturalesa i característiques estructurals de l'espai col.lectiu, juntament amb diversos mecanismes de separació.
El concepte de configuracions de profunditat no defineix un discurs morfològic simple sobre les seqüències quantitatives lineals de límits creuats: el disseny o la lectura de la profunditat es col·loca dins d'una configuració més complexa de proximitat, permeabilitat, valors d'integració i delimitació de les fronteres en un nivell físic, visual i territorial. La forma i la intensitat de compartir l'espai és determinant per el valor de profunditat.
La tesis considera las configuraciones de profundidad y control de acceso como parámetros los principales de la investigación académica. El ámbito de la investigación se define por una escala intermedia y alternada, asociada a la complejidad de los proyectos urbanos: desde la escala doméstica, a la escala de barrio, hasta la dimensión y la complejidad de las zonas de desarrollo urbano. La tesis pronuncia un discurso teórico y conceptual sobre la profundidad, comprobado con la re-lectura de proyectos históricos y contemporáneos que utilizan varios modelos de proximidad y accesibilidad. La investigación académica incluye referencias acerca de la proximidad, la permeabilidad, los límites territoriales y el estudio de las configuraciones de profundidad, junto con sus condiciones sociales, culturales y ambientales. Varias configuraciones de profundidad que determinan los movimientos lineales y múltiples entre los ámbitos públicos y privados, y entre los espacios con un uso individual o colectivo, fueron estudiados y comparados. La idea de espacio colectivo y sus sistemas relacionados de distancias relativas es el file rouge de la investigación. La presente tesis re-define y encuadra el concepto de profundidad; explicando, clasificando y comparando los diferentes modelos de accesibilidad y su significado social o cultural. Diferentes formas de definir los límites, junto con los nuevos conceptos de espacio público, son estudiados y relacionados con el discurso sobre la proximidad, profundidad y accesibilidad. Basándose en varios modelos teóricos y los proyectos construidos, la tesis describe diferentes maneras de aplicación y sugiere unas posibles directrices para los proyectos urbanos.
La profundidad se relaciona con los modelos de organización del espacio en constante evolución de territorios agregados, incluidos o superpuestos: la definición y control de acceso proporciona control territorial. Los mecanismos territoriales se basan en la creación de relaciones asimétricas: el control territorial tiende a establecer relaciones verticales que evitan la igualdad o indiferencia en el acceso entre los diferentes usuarios del espacio a todas las escalas. La lectura jerárquica de profundidad, así como la no-jerárquica, sugiere la existencia de sistemas de configuración, con la determinación de varios parámetros urbanos y agentes operativos simultáneos. Ambas teorías coinciden en la importancia de la profundidad y la permeabilidad de las configuraciones espaciales. Después de varios casos de estudio, se concluye que la profundidad no sólo depende de la cantidad de cruces de fronteras territoriales, o de la cantidad de espacios colectivos dentro de una secuencia, sino en la configuración misma de espacios compartidos dentro de un proyecto: el valor de la integración del espacio compartido define la calidad de la configuración de la profundidad. Aumentar la cantidad de espacios colectivos no implica necesariamente un aumento del valor de la profundidad: eso depende de la configuración de la proximidad y la permeabilidad del proyecto a diferentes niveles, junto con la naturaleza de las tácticas utilizadas en la codificación del espacio.
En general, podemos detectar una disminución del nivel de complejidad en muchos proyectos urbanos, con una codificación territorial menos sutil, que permite una interpretación menos libre por parte de los usuarios. Los últimos proyectos urbanos no presentan configuraciones de profundidad de mayor o menor longitud, pero en muchas ocasiones han obtenido una configuración más simple, con una definición de los territorios más explícita. La mayoría de los proyectos urbanos recientes muestran menos estrategias de multiple-choice y son cada vez más funcionales. En muchos proyectos, el valor de integración depende cada vez más de elementos tipo corredor y transiciones territoriales pre-planificadas, evitando escenarios de solape.
Los espacios colectivos no son sinónimos de los espacios entre ámbitos privados y públicos pero son superficies horizontales extensibles, dependiendo del tiempo, a menudo incluyendo las propiedades privadas o públicas. Las configuraciones de profundidad no se basan en la distinción público/privado tradicional sino que dependen de la cantidad, naturaleza y características estructurales del espacio colectivo, junto con varios mecanismos de separación.
El concepto de configuraciones de profundidad no define un discurso morfológico simple, acerca de las secuencias cuantitativas y lineales de límites cruzados: el diseño o la lectura de la profundidad se coloca dentro de una configuración más compleja que contiene la proximidad, permeabilidad, valores de integración y delimitación de los límites en un nivel físico, visual y territorial. La forma y la intensidad de compartir el espacio es determinante para el valor de la profundidad.
The thesis considers depth configurations and access control the main parameters of academic research. The investigation domain is defined by an intermediate and alternating scale, associated with the complexity of urban projects: from the domestic scale, to the scale of the neighborhood till the dimension and complexity of urban development areas. The thesis pronounces a theoretical and conceptual discourse about depth, tested by re-reading historical and contemporary projects that used various models of proximity and accessibility. The academic investigation includes references about proximity, permeability, territorial boundaries and the study of depth configurations, together with its spatial, social, cultural and environmental conditions. Various depth configurations that determine linear and multiple movements between public and private realms, between spaces with individual or collective use, were studied and compared. The idea of collective space and its related systems of relative distances is the file rouge of investigation. The present dissertation redefines and frames the concept of depth and explains, classifies and compares different models of accessibility and their very social or cultural meaning. Different ways of defining boundaries, together with new concepts of public space are studied and linked with the discourse about proximity, depth and accessibility. Using re-reading of both theoretical models and built projects, the thesis describes different ways of application and suggests possible guidelines for urban design projects.
Depth is related to models of space organization in ever-changing aggregated, included or overlapped territories: defining and controlling access provides territorial control. Territorial mechanisms are based on creating asymmetrical relationships: territorial control tends to establish vertical relationships that avoid equal or indifferent accessibility between different space users at all scales. Hierarchical as well as non-hierarchical reading of depth suggests the existence of configurational systems, with several determining urban parameters and simultaneously operating agents. Both theories coincide in the importance of depth and the permeability within spatial configurations. After various case studies, we conclude that depth does not only depend on the amount of territorial boundaries crossed, or on the amount of collective spaces within a sequence, but on the way of configuring shared spaces within a project: it is the integration value of the shared space that defines the quality of the depth configuration. Increasing the amount of collective spaces does not necessarily increase the value of depth: this depends on the configuration of proximity and permeability of the project at different levels, together with the nature of applied tactics of space codification.
In general, we can detect a decreasing level of complexity in many urban projects, with less subtle territorial codification, almost not allowing the user's interpretation. Last century's urban projects do not present longer or shorter depth configurations but in many occasions obtained a much more simple configuration, compensated by explicitly defined territories. Most recent urban projects show less multiple-choice strategies and are more functionally based. In many projects, the integrated value depends increasingly on corridor elements and pre-planned territorial transitions, avoiding overlap scenarios.
Collective spaces are no synonyms for areas forced between clearly private and public spaces: they are time-dependent stretchable horizontal interfaces, often including private or public properties. Collective spaces rather depend on the way of sharing space. Depth configurations are not based on the traditional private/public distinction but depend on the amount, the nature and the structural qualities of collective space, together with several spacing mechanisms.
The concept of depth configurations does not define a simple morphological discourse about linear quantitative sequences of crossing boundaries: the designing or reading of depth is placed within a more complex configuration of proximity, permeability, integration values and delimiting boundaries on a physical, visual and territorial level. The way and intensity of sharing space is determining for depth value.

A liderança é um relacionamento dinâmico que é baseado em influência mútua entre líderes e seguidores que resulta num nível elevado de motivação e desenvolvimento técnico como promotor de mudanças. Goleman (2002), afirma que “A grande liderança baseia-se nas emoções”. O intelecto por si não faz o líder. Como dizia Einstein, “devemos ter cuidado para não fazer do intelecto o nosso Deus. É certo que tem músculos poderosos, mas não tem personalidade. Não consegue liderar, só consegue servir e seguir.”. Os dois tipos de liderança que iremos estudar são considerados chave do sucesso na adaptabilidade no enquadramento sociopolítico e no mercado agressivo em que vivemos nesta aldeia global, são eles: Liderança Transacional e Liderança de Transformacional e a influência no processo de inovação. A inovação pode representar por outro lado um efeito positivo no desempenho das organizações. É comumente afirmado que o desempenho de uma organização se refere indistintamente à capacidade do gestor enquanto responsável pela organização e esquecendo que a liderança tem um papel preponderante ao crescimento económico no geral, que pode e é evidenciado face à competitividade das Pequenas Médias Empresas (PME), face à concorrência, face à rendibilidade, face à sobrevivência e face ao crescimento destas organizações. Nesta investigação, procurar-se-á dar um contributo para um conhecimento mais aprofundado, estabelecendo, assim, como objetivo principal analisar o impacto positivo da liderança no desempenho da inovação nas PME. Assim foi adotada uma abordagem de inquérito por questionário. O questionário para a dimensão da liderança foi o Multifactorial Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) de Bass e Avolio (2003). A influência da liderança das PME portuguesas na Inovação 15 Para a inovação utilizou-se a última versão do inquérito da Comissão Europeia – Eurostat conhecido por CIS – The Community Innovation Survey, que é produzido em 27 estados membros da União Europeia, com 3 países da EFTA – European Free Trade Association e Países candidatos à União Europeia de acordo com o regulamento da Comissão Nº. 1450/2004. Este questionário identifica as quatro dimensões estudadas e verifica a existência de inovação nas organizações em cinco dimensões: Inovação de Produto; Inovação de Processo; Inovação Organizacional; Inovação em Marketing e verifica também a existência de Criatividade e Competências. A análise tem como quadro conceptual as abordagens atuais de referência sobre a temática da liderança e seu impacto na inovação, desenvolvendo um suporte teórico, corroborado por um suporte empírico que permite identificar os fatores determinantes de liderança e inovação no desempenho a curto, médio e longo prazo nas PME. Assim, o painel de dados das PME, resultará da fusão das informações do questionário MLQ-6S com a componente portuguesa do CIS – The Community Innovation Survey 2010. Abstract: Leadership is a dynamic relationship that is based on mutual influence between leaders and followers that results in a high level of motivation and technical development as a promoter of change. Goleman (2002), states that "great leadership is based on emotions." The intellect by itself is not the leader. As Einstein said, "we must be careful not to make the intellect our God. Admittedly it has powerful muscles but no personality. Cannot lead, can only serve and follow. ". The two kinds of leadership that we will study are considered key to success in this new framework sociopolitical adaptability and aggressive marketing in this global village we live they are: Transactional Leadership and Transformational Leadership and its influence in the innovation process. On the other hand innovation is a key role in the performance of organizations. One is left however with the feeling that the performance refers interchangeably to the ability of the manager as responsible for organizing and forgetting that the leadership has an important role for economic growth in general, the competitiveness of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), due to competition, profitability, survival and growth of the same. In this investigation, will seek to contribute to a deeper understanding, establishing, thus, aimed at analyzing the positive impact of leadership in innovation performance in SME. Thus was adopted an investigative approach by questionnaire. The questionnaire for the leadership dimension was the Multifactorial Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) of Bass and Avolio (2003). For innovation used the latest version of the survey by the European Commission - Eurostat also known as CIS - The Community Innovation Survey, which is produced in 27 EU A influência da liderança das PME portuguesas na Inovação 17 member states, 3 EFTA countries - European Free Trade Association and Candidate countries to European Union in accordance with the Commission Regulation no. 1450/2004. This questionnaire identifies the four dimensions studied and checks the existence of innovation in organizations in five dimensions: Product Innovation; Innovation Process; Organizational Innovation; Innovation in Marketing and also checks for Creativity and Skills. The analysis is the conceptual framework of current approaches references on the topic of leadership and its impact on innovation, developing a theoretical framework, supported by empirical support for identifying the determinants of leadership and innovation performance in the short, medium and long term in SMEs. Thus, the panel data of SMEs, which will result from the fusion of information from MLQ-6S and the Portuguese component of the CIS – The Community Innovation Survey 2010.

Part One: Literature Review - Background: Women may experience birth-related PTSD and research has begun to examine the potential effects of this disorder on infant development. This article aimed to review that evidence. Method: Three databases were systematically searched. Results: 8 articles met inclusion criteria. The variables examined were categorised into mother-infant attachment, children’s temperament and parenting behaviour. Conclusions: The review highlighted a dearth of rigorously conducted research in this area. However, the articles provided limited evidence to support the claim that aversive birth experiences/PTSD can lead to less optimal parent-infant bonding and difficulties with infant temperament. Although tentative, these conclusions suggest professionals working with families postpartum should be alert for the possible impact of aversive birth experiences on their parent-infant bond and the infant’s temperament. Part Two: Research Report - Background: The traumagenic potential of childbirth is well-documented but no research has examined the way in which professionals understand birth-related trauma. Given the potential impact of these understandings for women’s care, this research aimed to explore the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of health visitors regarding birth-related PTSD. Method: Three focus groups and three interviews were conducted with health visitors and their managers. Verbatim transcripts were analysed using template analysis. Results: Analysis highlighted two routes by which participants perceived birth could result in distress. The first emphasised qualitative aspects of a birth as traumagenic, whereas the second began with a ‘normal’ birth but was experienced as traumatic due to other circumstances. Discussion: Although much of the phenomenology described by participants was commensurate with that in the literature, a notable discomfort with the term ‘PTSD’ and a lack of emphasis on the role of meaning suggested participants may have lacked theoretical understanding of PTSD. Clinical implications of these findings are described. Part Three: Critical Appraisal - Reflections on the overall research process are provided.

Recent fiscal and personnel cutbacks have placed significant restrictions on surface ship training opportunities. As a result, additional methods of training must be established in order to maintain current operational readiness. This thesis research investigates the use of a workstation based shipboard virtual environment (VE) as complementary training for naval personnel, in particular, in the combat information center (CIC). The approach taken was to extend the Naval Postgraduate School's Shiphandling Training Simulator (SHIPSIM) and shipboard Virtual Environment Trainer to include a combat information center virtual environment system (CICVET). Using the NPSNET 4 framework, the system provides two levels of training; the first reflects the dynamics of real world warfare theaters with the capability for distant entities to interact, while the second allows for the team training of shipboard personnel, possibly in separate locations, within the same virtual CIC. To achieve our goal we built a real time, distributed, interactive shipboard environment for combat information center training. It consists of a three- dimensional CIC model, containing functioning consoles for information display, sensor management, and weapons control

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2000.
Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 224-234).
The field of nanotechnology has received burgeoning interest in recent years as the characteristic dimensions for many applications (such as integrated circuits and magnetic storage media) become smaller and smaller. In this work, block copolymers are harnessed in order to produce both porous and relief nanostructures. The interest in using these materials is due to the unique morphologies that block copolymers form and the fact that these nanostructures do so by self assembly. With careful selection of the relative volume fraction and phases, nanostructures with highly ordered and complex pore structures with a vast range of different symmetries can be produced; structures that are not attainable by more conventional processing techniques such as lithography. In this thesis, we have produced porous and relief ceramic nanostructures from self-assembling (template free) block copolymer precursors using a one-step, room temperature technique. To accomplish this, a silicon containing block copolymer system was used where upon exposure to an oxidation process the material undergoes two steps 1) the selective removal of the hydrocarbon block and 2) the formation of a ceramic from the inorganic containing block, resulting in nanoporous and nanorelief ceramics. These structures have potential to be used at temperatures far above the T 8 of traditional nanoporous or nanorelief polymers. By choosing the appropriate morphologies and parent block copolymers, 30 nanostructured ceramics with interfacial areas of-40 m2/g, masks for one-step lithography with a density of-5 x 1011 dots/cm2 or templates for the next generation of nanomagnets can be produced. In addition to these applications, it is envisioned that these structures can be used as photonic band gap materials, high temperature membranes and low dielectric constant materials. Specifically, the formation of both nanoporous and nanorelief structures from an ABA triblock copolymer system of poly(pentamethyldisilylstyrene) P(PMDSS) with polyisoprene was studied. The focus of this thesis is on the oxidation of the double gyroid and ''inverse" double gyroid morphologies using either ozone/uv and oxygen plasma techniques. By transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), it is shown that the PI can be preferentially removed by oxidation resulting in a nanoporous material in the case of the double gyroid morphology and a nanorelief material in the case of the inverse double gyroid morphology. Oxidation of the P(PMDSS) homopolymer was also studied chemically using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR), Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) and Forward recoil Spectrometry (FRES) and morphologically by AFM. Through these chemical analysis techniques, it is demonstrated that the ozone + uv and uv only oxidation processes converts thin films of P(PMDSS) to a ceramic, specifically silicon oxycarbide, that is far more stable than the parent homopolymer.
by Vanessa Zee-Haye Chan.
Ph.D.

Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Fisioterapia
Objetivo: A finalidade deste estudo foi verificar os efeitos a curto prazo de um protocolo de exercícios isométricos para flexão crânio-cervical no ângulo crânio-vertebral. Metodologia: Vinte indivíduos foram recrutados e distribuídos aleatoriamente entre dois grupos. No grupo experimental (n=10 indivíduos) foi avaliado o ângulo crânio-vertebral 24h antes e após o protocolo. No primeiro dia o protocolo foi realizado na posição ortostática e no segundo dia em decúbito dorsal. A anteriorização da cabeça, expressa através do ângulo crânio-cervical foi avaliada com recurso a videografia e ao programa Kinovea. Resultados: Comparando intergrupos, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas na avaliação no ângulo crânio-vertebral. Já na comparação intragrupos, foi verificada uma diferença significativa no momento após o exercício entre 1º e o 2º dia, no grupo experimental. Conclusão: Os exercícios isométricos com biofeedback não tem um efeito significativo na anteriorização da cabeça nas 24 horas após a aplicação do protocolo quando comparado a um grupo de controlo.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to verify the short-term effects of an isometric exercise protocol for cranium-cervical flexion at the level of the cranium-vertebral angle. Methodology: Twenty individuals were recruited and randomly assigned in to two groups. In the experimental group (n=10 individuals) the cranium-vertebral angle was evaluated 24h later, before and after the protocol. In the first day the protocol was performed in the standing position and on the second day in the supine position. The forward head posture, expressed through the cranium-cervical angle, was evaluated using videography and the Kinovea program. Results: Comparing intergroups, no significant differences were found in the assessment of cranium-vertebral angle. In the intragroup comparison, there was a significant difference at the time after exercise between the 1st and 2nd day, in the experimental group. Conclusion: Isometric biofeedback exercises don’t have a significant effect on head anteriorization within 24 hours of protocol application when compared with a control group.
N/A

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Musicais/Variante de Musicologia Histórica
O mosteiro de Arouca tornou-se, a partir do segundo quartel do século XIII, sob o patronato de Dona Mafalda, uma das mais importantes casas cistercienses femininas em Portugal. Enquanto instituição religiosa abastada e de renome, a música sempre desempenhou na liturgia deste mosteiro um papel fundamental. Os seus livros com notação musical têm desde há muito despertado o interesse de diversos musicólogos nacionais e internacionais, interesse este que se revelaria inteiramente fundamentado pela descoberta, feita por Manuel Pedro Ferreira em 1992, da mais antiga peça polifónica até ao momento conhecida em Portugal, um hino a São Bernardo de Claraval. Em 1947 Dom Mauro Fábregas descobriu neste mosteiro um livro de coro, o único do espólio de Arouca que contém exclusivamente reportório polifónico de proeminentes compositores ibéricos dos séculos XVI e XVII. Um Magnificat de Morales, diversos Alleluias de compositores como Manuel Mendes, Francisco Velez, Simão dos Anjos ou João Leite de Azevedo, bem como uma missa paródia sobre a canção «O gram Senhora», de um misterioso Brasil, são algumas das obras de interesse neste códice. Uma série de notas, em marginalia, apontando para a execução instrumental de baixão e viola da gamba tornam o códice ainda mais rico e lançam alguma luz sobre as práticas interpretativas no contexto do convento de Arouca. Embora já parcialmente estudado, o códice de Arouca é pela primeira vez objecto de investigação mais aprofundada, uma contribuição que se crê relevante para o estudo da prática de polifonia sacra no século XVII português.

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Describe los beneficios operativos, energéticos y ambientales que se pueden conseguir con el uso del gas natural en calderas de vapor, así como los pasos que se tienen que seguir para realizar una conversión de las calderas de vapor que queman combustibles líquidos a gas y un estimado del costo que ello representa. El presente proyecto también servirá como referencia para motivar a las empresas industriales al consumo masivo de gas natural, el cual permitirá reestructurar una nueva matriz energética en el Perú, eso dará independencia energética o disminución de la dependencia del petróleo, cuyos precios son cada vez más altos y cuya producción mundial está en etapa de declinación.
Trabajo de suficiencia profesional