Dissertations / Theses on the topic '90C47'

La détection de communautés sur des graphes, la récupération de phase, le clustering signé, la synchronisation angulaire, le problème de la coupe maximale, la sparse PCA, ou encore le single index model, sont des problèmes classiques dans le domaine de l'apprentissage statistique. Au premier abord, ces problèmes semblent très dissemblables, impliquant différents types de données et poursuivant des objectifs distincts. Cependant, la littérature récente révèle qu'ils partagent un point commun : ils peuvent tous être formulés sous la forme de problèmes d'optimisation semi-définie positive (SDP). En utilisant cette modélisation, il devient possible de les aborder du point de vue classique du machine learning, en se basant sur la minimisation du risque empirique (ERM) et en utilisant la fonction de perte la plus élémentaire: la fonction de perte linéaire. Cela ouvre la voie à l'exploitation de la vaste littérature liée à la minimisation du risque, permettant ainsi d'obtenir des bornes d'estimation et de développer des algorithmes pour résoudre ces problèmes. L'objectif de cette thèse est de présenter une méthodologie unifiée pour obtenir les propriétés statistiques de procédures classiques en machine learning basées sur la fonction de perte linéaire. Cela s'applique notamment aux procédures SDP, que nous considérons comme des procédures ERM. L'adoption d'un “point de vue machine learning” nous permet d'aller plus loin en introduisant d'autres estimateurs performants pour relever deux défis majeurs en apprentissage statistique : la parcimonie et la robustesse face à la contamination adversaire et aux données à distribution à queue lourde. Nous abordons le problème des données parcimonieuses en proposant une version régularisée de l'estimateur ERM. Ensuite, nous nous attaquons au problème de la robustesse en introduisant un estimateur basé sur le principe de la "Médiane des Moyennes" (MOM), que nous nommons l'estimateur minmax MOM. Cet estimateur permet de faire face au problème de la robustesse et peut être utilisé avec n'importe quelle fonction de perte, y compris la fonction de perte linéaire. Nous présentons également une version régularisée de l'estimateur minmax MOM. Pour chacun de ces estimateurs, nous sommes en mesure de fournir un “excès de risque” ainsi que des bornes d'estimation, en utilisant deux outils clés : les points fixes de complexité locale et les équations de courbure de la fonction d'excès de risque. Afin d'illustrer la pertinence de notre approche, nous appliquons notre méthodologie à cinq problèmes classiques en machine learning, pour lesquels nous améliorons l'état de l'art
Community detection, phase recovery, signed clustering, angular group synchronization, Maxcut, sparse PCA, the single index model, and the list goes on, are all classical topics within the field of machine learning and statistics. At first glance, they are pretty different problems with different types of data and different goals. However, the literature of recent years shows that they do have one thing in common: they all are amenable to Semi-Definite Programming (SDP). And because they are amenable to SDP, we can go further and recast them in the classical machine learning framework of risk minimization, and this with the simplest possible loss function: the linear loss function. This, in turn, opens up the opportunity to leverage the vast literature related to risk minimization to derive excess risk and estimation bounds as well as algorithms to unravel these problems. The aim of this work is to propose a unified methodology to obtain statistical properties of classical machine learning procedures based on the linear loss function, which corresponds, for example, to the case of SDP procedures that we look as ERM procedures. Embracing a machine learning view point allows us to go into greater depth and introduce other estimators which are effective in handling two key challenges within statistical learning: sparsity, and robustness to adversarial contamination and heavy-tailed data. We attack the structural learning problem by proposing a regularized version of the ERM estimator. We then turn to the robustness problem and introduce an estimator based on the median of means (MOM) principle, which we call the minmax MOM estimator. This latter estimator addresses the problem of robustness and can be constructed whatever the loss function, including the linear loss function. We also present a regularized version of the minmax MOM estimator. For each of those estimators we are able to provide excess risk and estimation bounds, which are derived from two key tools: local complexity fixed points and curvature equations of the excess risk function. To illustrate the relevance of our approach, we apply our methodology to five classical problems within the frame of statistical learning, for which we improve the state-of-the-art results

Il lavoro svolto nella zona di Vareš, in particolare nella zona del lago di Veovača ha investigato diverse matrici ambientali (sedimenti, suoli, acque) per valutare le loro caratteristiche e la loro qualità. Nella zona è stata presente in passato attività estrattiva e di lavorazione dei minerali estratti, da qui la necessità di questo studio esplorativo. Il lavoro svolto si divide in tre fasi: campionamento, svolto in quattro giorni passati in campagna; analisi dei campioni raccolti e interpretazione dei risultati. Sono state campionate acque e sedimenti in punti interni al lago, altri in corrispondenza delle sue sponde e punti lungo la diga. Sul materiale solido sono state svolte analisi di spettrometria di fluorescenza a raggi X, mentre sulle acque sono state applicate tecniche di spettrometria di assorbimento atomico (AAS), spettrometria di emissione al plasma induttivamente accoppiato (ICP-AES) e cromatografia ionica oltre che a misure di parametri chimico-fisici in campo. Sono stati poi valutati i risultati, attraverso il confronto con banche dati di riferimento ed elaborazioni statistiche e grafiche. Si tratta di uno studio preliminare effettuato su un piccolo numero di campioni e perciò solo indicativo e non in grado di fornire risposte definitive sulla condizione ambientale dell'area. Tuttavia queste prime informazioni consentono di delineare un quadro nel quale future indagini potranno approfondire aspetti e problemi critici per la qualità ambientale.

This study presents empirical research on no-match, machine-translated and translation-memory segments, analyzed in terms of translators’ productivity, final quality and prior professional experience. The findings suggest that translators have higher productivity and quality when using machine-translated output than when translating on their own, and that the productivity and quality gained with machine translation are not significantly different from the values obtained when processing fuzzy matches from a translation memory in the 85-94 percent range. The translators’ prior experience impacts on the quality they deliver but not on their productivity. These quantitative findings are triangulatedwith qualitative data from an online questionnaire and from one-to-one debriefings with the translators. Este estudio presenta una investigación empírica sobre la traducción de segmentos nuevos y aquellos procesados con traducción automática y memorias de traducción analizados en relación a la productividad, calidad final y experiencia profesional de un grupo de traductores. Los resultados sugieren que los traductores obtienen una productividad y calidad más altas cuando procesan segmentos de traducción automática que cuando traducen sin ninguna ayuda y que dicha productividad y calidad no son significativamente diferentes a la que se obtiene cuando procesan coincidencias parciales de una memoria de traducción (del 85 al 94 por ciento). La experiencia profesional previa de los traductores influye en la calidad pero no así en la productividad obtenidas. Los resultados cuantitativos se triangulan, además, con datos cualitativos obtenidos a través de un cuestionario en línea y de entrevistas individuales realizadas a los trad

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O Brasil vem apresentando crescimento no cultivo de cana-de-açúcar, bem como no número de usinas instaladas no país, ocupando hoje a posição de maior produtor mundial. O Estado de São Paulo destaca-se como o maior produtor do país, onde a Bacia Hidrográfica do Turvo/Grande é a 3ª maior do Estado. Com tal crescimento também veio a exigência do mercado externo sobre a produção sustentável, ou seja, necessidade de dar destinos adequados para os resíduos gerados em todo processo produtivo. Dentre os principais resíduos gerados na indústria sucroalcooleira destacam-se os efluentes líquidos, principalmente a água de lavagem (proveniente da limpeza de máquinas da indústria, da lavagem da cana, piso, entre outros) e a vinhaça (proveniente da destilação do álcool), sendo esta última apresentando um potencial poluidor muito elevado para os compartimentos ambientais (água, solo, ar). Visando o entendimento da dinâmica dos poluentes nesta região, este trabalho tem como objetivo principal avaliar a contribuição da atividade sucroalcooleira no aporte de poluentes para os compartimentos ambientais, como água, atmosfera, solo e sedimento na Bacia Hidrográfica do Turvo/Grande. Neste contexto, amostras de água superficial e subterrânea, solo, sedimento, deposição atmosférica total e tecido vegetal foram coletadas no período de novembro/09 a outubro/10. Os resultados de deposição atmosférica total indicam que a atividade sucroalcooleira tem papel fundamental no aporte dos elementos quantificados, uma vez que, para a maioria dos parâmetros, a média ponderada pelo volume (MPV) no período de safra foi 4,5-9,5% maior do que a MPV do período de entressafra. A água de lavagem e a vinhaça apresentaram grandes variações nas concentrações mínimas e máximas...
Brazil has been an increase in the sugar cane cultivation, as well as the number of ethanol industry installed in the country. São Paulo state is the largest producer in the country, where the Turvo/Grande watershed is the 3rd largest producer in this state. The reasons for growth also came from demand of foreign markets about sustainable production and need to appropriate destinations for the waste generated throughout the production process. The main waste generated in the ethanol industry is wastewater, especially washes water (cleaning machines, washing sugarcane and floor and others from industrial process) and vinasse (derived from alcohol distillation), being this wastewater shows high pollution potential for environmental matrices. For understanding pollutants dynamics in the region, this study conducts at assessing the contribution of sugarcane and ethanol activity in the input of pollutants into water, atmosphere, soil and sediment in Turvo/Grande watershed. In this context, samples of surface water, groundwater, soil, sediment, total atmospheric deposition and plant tissue were collected in the period from November 2009 to October 2010. Results indicate that total atmospheric deposition acts intake for most parameters, since the volume-weighted mean (VWM) was 4.5 to 9.5% greater during the harvest period compared to the non-harvest period. Wash water and vinasse showed large variations in minimum and maximum concentrations obtained, where the largest variations to vinasse was of TOC analysis (11,117 a 30,466 mg L-1) and the wash water was conductivity (796 a 4,240 µS cm-1). For surface water and groundwater, the biggest variation occurred for nitrate, with higher values during the harvest period (10.6 and 14.4 mg L-1, respectively (value Ntotal). The contribution... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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É visível a preocupação com um modelo de Educação que tenha como princípio a formação da cidadania. Surge, portanto, no meio escolar, a necessidade de se produzir ações que focalizem o ensino de valores morais, dentro desse contexto, uma vez que aos educadores e a todos os agentes envolvidos com a Educação é atribuída a tarefa de se educar ética e moralmente os indivíduos. E este é o interesse desta pesquisa, que apresenta uma alternativa de intervenção pedagógica que culmina na prática da discussão de dilemas morais encontrados no enredo das Fábulas Italianas, compiladas por Ítalo Calvino em 1954. Os objetivos que permearam todo o desenrolar desta pesquisa foram: identificar o nível evolutivo da noção de justiça em que se encontram os sujeitos participantes, de acordo com as teorias de Piaget e Kohlberg, em duas classes do Ensino Fundamental (uma experimental e outra de controle), dentro de uma instituição pública de ensino e verificar se o trabalho pedagógico com o enredo de algumas fábulas italianas, por meio da técnica da discussão moral, implica em uma evolução qualitativa no nível do raciocínio moral. Para tanto, os sujeitos participaram de um pré-teste que corresponde às respostas dadas aos dilemas de Kohlberg. Posteriormente, participaram da intervenção pedagógica e, por último, realizaram o pós-teste com os mesmos questionamentos aplicados no pré-teste. A análise qualitativa dos dados baseou-se nesses depoimentos fornecidos pelos sujeitos, tendo o cuidado de acompanharmos o raciocínio e a estrutura de seu pensamento, caracterizando o seu estágio de raciocínio moral antes e depois de todo o trabalho de intervenção pedagógica, relacionando-os sempre com as teorias de Piaget e Kohlberg e com a teoria da análise de conteúdo de Bardin (1977). Observou-se, ao final dessa pesquisa, que os sujeitos que participaram da Classe Experimental...
It is clearly identifiable the existence of a strong concern towards the existence of an Education model that aims for citizenship development. As a consequence, the school environment holds the need for actions that focus on the teaching of moral values, considering that educators and other teaching-related agents have the difficult task of teaching their pupils both ethic and morally. The present research attempts to introduce an alternative pedagogical intervention which results in the discussion of moral dilemmas taken from the plot of Italian Folktales, compiled by Italo Calvino in 1954. One of the objectives pursued throughout this research was: to identify the level of justice maturity of each participant according to Piaget and Kohlberg theories in two groups of Secondary school (being one the experimental group and other the control group) from a public school. The second objective was to assess the pedagogical work with the plot of some Italian folktales - through moral discussion method - as a means of qualitative evolution in the level of moral reasoning. In order to achieve this result, the participants sat for a pre-test which fits Kohlberg dilemmas‟ answers. Afterwards, they were involved in a data gathering process during the period of pedagogical intervention and in the end, they sat for a post-test involving the same questions previously applied in the pre-test. The datum qualitative analysis was based on the testimony provided by participants. During the analysis, the reasoning and the structure of their thinking were closely observed in order to qualify their stage of moral reasoning before and after all the work of pedagogical intervention, applying Piaget and Kohlberg theories as well as the theory of content analysis by Bardin (1977). At the end of this research, it was observed that all the experimental group participants achieved a superior moral reasoning... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Este trabalho de natureza qualitativa pretende contribuir com reflexões que estão sendo sistematizadas cujo objeto de estudo é a formação e a atuação docente. O objetivo desse trabalho é investigar se os modos de ser professor relacionam-se com as experiências formativas vivenciadas pelo professor ao longo de sua trajetória de vida privada e profissional e se tais experiências influenciaram a angariação de capital cultural e a estruturação do habitus professoral. Para tanto, optamos pelo referencial teórico bourdieusiano por contemplar aspectos relacionados aos processos formativos a que o agente social está submetido, tais como, campo social, trajeto social, habitus e angariação de diferentes tipos de capital. Nessa perspectiva, realizamos entrevistas semiestruturadas de caráter autobiográfico com quatro professoras atuantes na última série do primeiro ciclo do ensino fundamental de uma escola municipal situada em um município de pequeno porte no interior paulista a fim de que pudéssemos “reconstruir” parte da vida dos sujeitos entrevistados. A esse propósito, para a realização das entrevistas formulamos três macroeixos norteadores: trajetória pessoal; trajetória escolar e acadêmica e trajetória profissional, justamente, por se relacionarem às experiências educacionais, escolares e não-escolares; ao exercício da docência; à carreira docente e ao processo de angariação de capital cultural. Por sua vez, a análise dos dados, realizada por meio da técnica Análise de Conteúdo, segundo a proposta de Laurence Bardin, permite-nos afirmar que a titulação acadêmica apresentou-se como estratégia de ascensão social para as professoras entrevistadas por permitir a angariação de diferentes tipos de capital, entre eles, capital simbólico, capital econômico e, sobretudo, capital cultural de caráter institucionalizado e, ao mesmo tempo, por ser capaz...
The intent of this native qualitative work is to contribute with reflections that have been systemized which study`s object is the teacher formation and performance. The objective of this study is to explore the possibility of the teacher methods be related to his formative experiences obtained by himself during the life/professional and if these experiences affected the cultural capital gathering and the professorial habitus arrangement. Therefore, we chose by the bourdieusin theoretical referential due to the consideration of aspects related to the formative processes which the social agent is submitted, such as, social ground, social path, habitus and the gathering for different types of capital. In this overview, we performed semi-structured interviews with autobiography characteristic for four active teachers in the last year of the elementary education in a local school which is located in a small São Paulo inner city in order that we could “redo” part of the interviewers` lives. This purpose, we developed three macro guiding principles to perform the interviews: personal path, scholar path and academic and professional path, certainly relate to educational experiences, scholars and non- scholars, the teaching profession, teacher career and the gathering for the capital ethnical. On the other hand, the data analysis were made by Content Analysis technique, as proposed by Laurence Bardin, and allow us to say that the academic title was showed as strategy of social rise for interviewed teachers to allow the gathering of different types of capital, among, symbolic capital, economic capital and, especially, cultural institutionalized capital and to be capable to give to the social agents the social distinctions among their class members. However, the teaching profession requires dedication from the social agent with some changes/restructuration of his primary... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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Através desta pesquisa procuramos compreender a saúde e o adoecimento do professor, inseridos num processo complexo, no qual se relacionam o cotidiano escolar e o macro contexto de políticas públicas voltadas para a educação. Isto se deu a partir dos resultados obtidos pelas pesquisas já realizadas acerca do tema, que apontavam como fatores ligados ao desgaste do professor tanto a falta de infra-estrutura, as jornadas extensas, a falta de reconhecimento social, quanto a indisciplina e a violência dentre os muros escolares. Para realização deste estudo, foi contatada uma escola pública de ensino médio localizada no interior de São Paulo e utilizados como recursos metodológicos a observação (em sala de aula, sala dos professores, pátio e Escola da Família), com elaboração de um diário de campo, e a aplicação de entrevistas semi-estruturadas junto a três professoras. Estas professoras aderiram voluntariamente à pesquisa. Encontramos muitos dos elementos relatados pela literatura referentes à sintomatologia (distúrbios fonoaudiológicos, osteoarticulares, psiquiátricos, alergias, cansaço e desânimo constantes), e também ao ambiente de trabalho hostil. Por outro lado, os professores, ao mesmo tempo em que se diziam cansados e doentes, também se diziam satisfeitos e realizados com seu trabalho. Diante da diversidade de informações, nos pautamos na Sociologia do Cotidiano de Michel Maffesoli, por considerar a contradição, ambivalência, multiplicidade de sentidos como constituintes da existência, para refletir a respeito da situação encontrada, admitindo o caráter pontual e contextualizado de nossas conclusões. Diante disto, acreditamos que a promoção da saúde do professor necessita acontecer na própria escola, entre seus pares, e passa necessariamente por novos modos de organizar seu trabalho. Ou seja, é uma questão que não pode ser analisada apenas no nível da individualidade.
Through this research, we try to understand the health and the process in which the teacher falls ill, inserted in a complex process, in which the school daily life and the macro context of public policies, whose aim is education, are related. This was done from the results obtained by the research already carried out on this subject, which pointed as factors that were connected with the stress of the teacher; lack of infrastructure, long working hours, lack of social recognition, and the indiscipline and violence inside the school walls. For the accomplishment of this study, a public middle school, located in the interior of Sao Paulo was contacted, and the methodological resources used were the observation (in classroom, staff room, patio and School of the Family) with preparation of a field diary, and the application of semi-structured interviews to three teachers. These teachers voluntarily joined the research. We found many of the elements reported by the literature referring to the symptomatology (speech problems, bone and joint problems, psychiatric disturbances, constant allergies, tiredness, and dejection), and also to the hostile work environment. On the other side, at the same time the teachers claimed they were tired and ill, they claimed they were satisfied and fulfilled with their work. In view of the variety of information, we base ourselves on the Sociology of the Daily Life by Michel Maffesoli, considering the contradiction, ambivalence, multiplicity of senses as constituent elements of existence, to reflect on the considered situation, admitting the punctual character and contextualization of our conclusions. Considering this, we believe that the promotion of the teacher's health needs to happen in the school itself, among their peers, and it necessarily involves new ways of organizing the teacher's work. In other words, an issue that cannot be analyzed only in the individuality level.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Na operação de semeadura, o estande adequado e a uniformidade de distribuição de sementes são componentes de grande influência na produtividade do milho. Esses fatores podem ser afetados por inúmeras variáveis, sendo a velocidade de operação da semeadora-adubadora uma das mais importantes, além da adequação semente/orifício no disco dosador. A velocidade de deslocamento e a regulagem da semeadora, sendo inadequadas, podem proporcionar baixa população de plantas, acarretando em uma produtividade não desejada. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o desempenho operacional de uma semeadora-adubadora de precisão, em função de cinco velocidades de deslocamento e dois tipos de martelete, utilizada para a semeadura da cultura do milho em sistema plantio direto. O experimento foi instalado e conduzido em área experimental pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, UNESP – Botucatu, SP, no período de dezembro de 2007 a maio de 2008. O solo da área experimental foi classificado como Nitossolo Vermelho Distroférrico, textura muito argilosa. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas, em esquema fatorial 2x5, sendo dois tipos de marteletes (4 e 5 dentes) e cinco velocidades de deslocamento (3,0; 4,5; 5,0; 7,0 e 9,0 km h-1) com quatro repetições. Assim, o experimento teve 10 tratamentos, totalizando 40 parcelas experimentais. Foram avaliados os dados referentes à porcentagem de cobertura do solo, profundidade do sulco de semeadura, área de solo mobilizado e de deposição de sementes, consumo horário e operacional de combustível, força na barra de tração do trator, velocidade de deslocamento, capacidade de campo efetiva, distribuição longitudinal de sementes, número médio de dias para emergência de plântulas, componentes morfológicos e componentes de produção da planta de milho, danos mecânicos nas...
In the sowing operation, the appropriate stand and the uniformity on the distribution of seeds are mentioned as factors of great influence on the corn yield.. These factors can be affected by several variables, being the planter displacement velocity one of the most important of them, besides the adjustment of seeds in the perforated disc device for seed dosage. The inadequate displacement velocity and adjustment of the planter may provide low population of plants, leading to an undesired yield. The current paper had as its objective to analyze the precision planter’s operational and energetically performances according to five different displacement velocities and two types of jumpers used for planting no-tillage corn.The experiment was installed and conducted at the experimental area belonging to the College of Agricultural Science - UNESP located in Botucatu, Sao Paulo state, in the period comprised between December, 2007 and May, 2008. The experimental soil area was classified as Nitossolo Vermelho Distroférrico presenting a deep argillaceous texture. The experimental design consisted of blocks at random with parcels subdivided in factorial scheme 2x5, two types of jumpers (4 and 5 staples) and 5 different displacement velocities (3,0; 4,5; 5,0; 7,0 e 9,0 Km h-1) with four repetitions. Thus, the experiment was composed by 10 treatments, totalizing 40 experimental plots. The evaluated data regarded to the percentage of soil coverage, the sowing line depth, mobilized soil and seed overthrown area, horal and operational fuel consumption, force on the tractor traction bar, displacement velocity, effective field capacity, longitudinal distribution of seeds, average number of days for the emergence of seedlings, morphological and corn production components, mechanical harm on seeds and grain production. The displacement velocity effect was verified on the following variables: horal... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O momento atual de maior preocupação ambiental global, a crescente escassez dos recursos fósseis, bem como as novas regulagens ambientais força a busca por materiais que sejam renováveis e compatíveis com o ambiente. Novos materiais estão sendo desenvolvidos a partir de várias fontes naturais e, entre eles a celulose é o mais abundante dos polímeros naturais e um dos mais utilizados. Logo, o objetivo desta dissertação de mestrado foi obter nanofibras de celulose tendo como fonte a fibra vegetal de curauá. Os processos utilizados foram químicos e mecânicos, baseados nos processos de polpação e branqueamento, a fim de isolar a celulose, seguido de processos mecânicos para atingir a escala nanométrica. As nanofibras de celulose propiciam vantagens como melhoria nas propriedades mecânicas e de barreira, além de manter a transparência de polímeros em geral. A fim de comprovar a capacidade de reforço em matrizes poliméricas, as nanofibras de celulose obtidas foram incorporadas nas mesmas. No entanto, para evitar a tendência de aglomeração das nanofibras, principalmente quando retiradas do meio aquoso, o álcool polivinílico (pva) foi escolhido como a matriz polimérica a ser testada, devido à sua compatibilidade com nanofibras de celulose, por ambos serem de natureza hidrofílica, o que aumenta a compatibilidade interfacial de fases entre a nanocelulose e a matriz escolhida. Após a incorporação das nanofibras na matriz polimérica ocorreram significativas melhoras nas propriedades mecânicas da matriz. Ao incorporar 4% de nanofibras da celulose de curauá obteve-se um ganho de 36% e 67% para a tração e para o módulo de young, respectivamente. Com 5% de nanofibras, o aumento nas propriedades foram ainda mais significativos em torno de 44% para a tração máxima e 448% para o módulo de young
Nowadays is a era of greatest environmental concern, with growing scarcity of fossil resources, as well as new environmental regulations obligating the search for materials that are renewable and environmentally friendly. New materials are being developed from various natural sources, and among them, cellulose is the most abundant natural polymers and the one most used. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis was to obtain cellulose nanofibers fibers from curaua plant. The procedures used were based on chemical and mechanical treatment. Pulping and bleaching, in this sequence were done in order to isolate the cellulose, followed by mechanical processes to achieve the nanometer scale. The cellulose nanofibers provide advantages such as improvement of mechanical properties and barrier, besides maintaining transparency of polymers in general. To prove the capacity of reinforcement in polymer matrices, the cellulose nanofibers obtained were incorporated into them. However, to avoid the tendency of nanofibers agglomeration when removed from water, the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was chosen as the polymer matrix to be tested, for the reasons that both are hydrophilic in nature and compatible to cellulose nanofibers, which increases the interface between the matrix and the nanocelulose chosen. After the incorporation of nanofibers in the polymer matrix, a significant improvement were observed in its mechanical properties by incorporating 4% of cellulose nanofiber curauá which provided a gain of 36% and 67% for tension and Young's modulus, respectively. With 5% of nanofibers, the increase in properties was even more significant at around 44% for maximum tension and 448% for Young's modulus

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Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar densidade de carga da produção de cavacos em função da granulometria de dois sistemas florestais de curta rotação de Eucalyptus urograndis. Um ensaio foi realizado em Botucatu- SP, o plantio da área em ocorreu em julho 2010, com espaçamento de 2,8 x 1,5 m, e com 30 meses a área foi colhida, com a utilização de uma carreta com células de carga e com volume conhecido e foi realizada pesagens para seis dimensões de cavacos (5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm e 33 mm) tendo três repetições para cada, para poder determinar a densidade de carga. Em janeiro de 2010, foi implantado em Taiobeiras- MG, o outro ensaio, com os diferentes clones (I-144, I-224, I-042 e I-60) no espaçamento de 4,0 x 0,5 m com a finalidade de produção de bioenergia na forma cavacos de 33 mm. A colheita foi realizada com 37 meses, com uma carreta de volume conhecido e uma balança rodoviária para determinar a densidade de carga. Para os dois ensaios foi utilizado o mesmo sistema mecanizado específico para produção de cavaco. Os resultados foram analisados pela análise de variância e, posteriormente, teste de Tukey. Concluindo que quanto maior dimensão dos cavacos menor a densidade de carga e que numa mesma situação para diferentes clones da mesma espécie de eucalipto se encontra diferentes valores de densidade de carga
This study aimed to evaluate the bulk density of a wood chip production as a function of particle size of two short forestry rotation system of Eucalyptus urograndis. One trial was conducted in Botucatu-SP, the planting area occurred in July 2010, with spacing of 2.8 x 1.5 m, and within 30 months the area was harvested with the use of a trailer with load cells and known volume, and was weighing carried out for six dimensions chip (5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm and 33 mm) with three replicates for each, in order to determine the bulk density. In January 2010, it was deployed in Taiobeiras-MG, the second test, with different clones (I-144, I-224, I-042 and I-60) at a spacing of 4.0 x 0.5 m with purpose of bioenergy production in 3 the form of 33 mm wood chips. The harvest was performed 37 months, with a cartload of known volume and scale road to determine the bulk density. For both tests the same specific mechanical system was used to produce chip. The results were analyzed by analysis of variance and then the Tukey test. In conclusion that the larger dimension of the wood chips minus the bulk density and in the same situation for different clones of the same species of eucalyptus is different values of bulk density.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A proteína é um nutriente de elevado custo em rações para peixes, sendo importante a realização de pesquisas com o objetivo de avaliar fontes alternativas de proteína para reduzir o custo na alimentação. Para tal, é necessário caracterizar o produto quimicamente, bem como determinar o seu valor nutritivo. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de caracterizar quimicamente e avaliar o valor nutritivo da farinha de vísceras de avestruz na alimentação da tilápia-do-Nilo. Inicialmente, a farinha foi caracterizada quimicamente por meio das análises de matéria seca, energia bruta, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, minerais (cálcio, fósforo), ácidos graxos e aminoácidos. Também foram avaliados os parâmetros de pH e acidez no 1º; 7º; 15º e 30º dia após a fabricação de farinha de vísceras, e realizado o teste de granulometria logo após sua fabricação. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da proteína, energia bruta, e fósforo da farinha para a tilápia-do-Nilo foram determinados pelo método modificado de Guelph, utilizando como indicador o óxido de cromo III (0,1%). A farinha de vísceras de avestruz é um alimento com elevado valor de energia e teores de proteína, minerais e ácidos graxos, além de possuir boa estabilidade oxidativa e microbiológica durante o armazenamento, com granulometria adequada para ser utilizada em rações para animais e boa fonte de energia e proteína para tilápia-do-Nilo
Protein is the most expensive nutrient in fish diet, and are important researches evaluating alternative sources to produce cost effectiveness diets. For this, it is necessary characterize its chemical composition and determine its nutritional value. This work was undertaken out to characterize chemically and evaluate the nutritive value of ostrich viscera meal for Nile tilapia. Initially, the viscera meal was chemically characterized in terms of dry matter, gross energy, crude protein, ether extract, minerals (calcium, phosphorus), fatty acids and amino acids. Data of pH and acidity were obtained from ostrich viscera meal at 1st, 7th, 15th and 30th days after manufacture, while the granulometry test was performed immediately after the manufacturing. The apparent digestibility of dry matter, protein, fat, calcium and phosphorus were obtained for Nile tilapia using the modified method of Guelph, using as an indicator chromium III oxide (0.1%). The production yield of ostrich viscera meal in relation to the fresh and dried viscera is 21.75%. The ostrich viscera meal has high amounts of energy, protein, minerals and fatty acids, and good oxidative and microbial stability during storage, with a particle size suitable to be used in animal feed and also good source of energy and protein for Nile tilapia

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A tecnologia assistiva inclui serviços, recursos e estratégias que são fundamentais para o acesso nas atividades escolares. Na atualidade, o computador é uma ferramenta indispensável, fazendo parte do cotidiano em diferentes situações de vida. Diante da gravidade de quadros motores, o seu uso nas atividades acadêmicas de sala de aula pode oferecer melhores condições de participação do aluno com paralisia cerebral, desde que a forma de manuseio dessa ferramenta esteja adequada às necessidades funcionais do usuário. Esta pesquisa baseia-se no pressuposto de que o uso do computador por alunos do ensino regular que apresentam déficits motores de natureza neurológica requer prescrições específicas de manuseio, no que diz respeito à indicação de adaptações. Levando em conta que o uso do computador demanda habilidades específicas, tais como o equilíbrio no posicionamento do tronco e da cabeça na posição sentada, o alcance do teclado e do mouse e a coordenação motora fina, este estudo teve por objetivos: a) descrever o processo de indicação de adaptações de acesso ao computador para pessoas com paralisia cerebral e b) verificar os efeitos das adaptações prescritas. Os participantes deste estudo foram três alunos do ensino regular com paralisia cerebral em graus específicos de funcionalidade e sem prejuízo importante da capacidade de compreensão de instruções verbais. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevista com os professores dos alunos e de observação da funcionalidade dos alunos em situação de uso do computador. Os dados coletados abrangeram registros obtidos em três etapas articuladas seqüencialmente. A análise do manuseio do computador ocorreu de forma descritiva, com ênfase nas necessidades funcionais do aluno mediante observação do comportamento motor dos membros superiores e do tempo despendido para a conclusão da atividade proposta. Os três...
Assistive technology includes services, resources and strategies that are essential for access in school activities. In actuality, the computer is an indispensable tool, part of everyday life in different situations. Given the seriousness of tables engines, their use in the academic activities of the classroom can offer better conditions for participation of students with cerebral palsy, since the form of proper handling of this tool is the functional needs of the user. This project is based on the assumption that the use of the computer for regular students who have motor deficits in neurological nature requires specific handling requirements, with regard to the appointment of adaptations. Taking into account that the use of computer demand specific skills, such as balancing the positioning of the trunk and head in a sitting position, the range of the keyboard and mouse, and fine motor coordination, this study aimed to: a) describe the process indication adaptations of computer access for people with cerebral palsy and b) verify the effects of the adjustments prescribed. The participants were three regular students with cerebral palsy in specific degrees of functionality and without injury of ability to understand verbal instructions. The data were collected through interviews with teachers and students of clinical observation of the functionality of the students who are using the computer. The data collected covered records obtained in three steps sequentially articulated. The analysis of the computer handling occurred in a descriptive way, with emphasis on the functional needs of the student by observation of motor behavior of the upper and the time taken for completion of the proposed activity. The three participants showed similar behavior with respect to a gradual decrease in completion time of activity in the continuous interventions. The behavior patterns of the completion time of the...

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar o conhecimento declarativo de alunos do ensino médio sobre polígnos e poliedros em termos de seus atributos difinidores, das relações subordinadas e supra-ordenadas e de seus exemplos e não-exemplos. A concepção teórica utilizada foi o modelo de formação de conceitos de Klausmeier e Goodwin (1977). Os participantes foram 253 alunos do ensino de uma escola de rede oficial pública de ensino de Bauru, que responderam, na primeira fase, um questionário, uma prova matemática, um testes de atributos definidores, um teste de exemplos e não-exemplos e um teste de relações subordinadas e supra-ordenadas. Na segunda fase, foram selecionados, aleatoriamente, três alunos com média abaixo de cinco pontos e três alunos com média igual ou superior a cinco pontos para participarem de uma entrevista. Os resultados coletados na primeira fase, analisados quantitativamente, mostram que no teste de atributos definidores a nota média foi de 6,03, sendo que não houve diferença significativa entre as séries (p=0,084). No teste de exemplos e não-exemplos a nota média 5,59 refletiu o desempenho dos participantes e não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as séries (p=0,057). Em relação ao teste de relações subordinadas e supra-ordenadas a nota média dos participantes foi 5,64, sendo que a nota média obtida pela primeira série diferiu significativamente da nota média obtida pela terceira série (p=0,024). Em relação aos dados da segunda fase, analisados qualitativamente, alguns participantes pensavam, de maneira equivocada, sobre os atributos definidores de polígnos e de poliedros. Os atributos irrelevantes não interferiam na identificação das figuras selecionadas do teste de exemplos e não-exemplos como exemplos polígnos.
The objective of this reseach was to analyse the declarative konowledge of students from Elementary School Teaching about polygons and polyhedrons in terms of their defining atributes, the subordinate relations and supraordinate and their examples and no-exemples. The theoretical conception used was the model of formation from Klausmeier and Goodwin (1977)'s concepts. The participants were 253 students from Elementary School Teaching of one school of the Oficial Public Network from Bauru, who answered, in the first phase one questionnaire, one math test, one test of defining attributes, one test of examples and no-examples and one test of subordinate relations and supraordinate. In the second phase, three students were randomly selected with the average below five points and three students with equal average or higher to five points who participated in an interview. The collected results in the first phase, quantitatively analysed, showed that in the test of defining attributes, the average grade was 6,03, so there was no significative difference among the series (p=0,084). In the test of examples and no-examples the average grade 5,59 reflected the performance of the participants and no significative differences were found among the series (p=0,057). In the relation to the test of subordinate relations ans supraordinate the average grade of the participants was 5,64, so the average obtained by the first grade had no significative difference from the average obtained by the third grade (p=0,024). In relation to the data of the second phase, qualitativety analysed, some participants thought wrongly about the defining attributes of polygons and polyhedrons. The irrelevants attributes did not interfere in the identification of the selected pictures of the test of examples and no-examples as polygons examples.

Orientador: Carlos Antonio Gamero
Banca: Carlos Eduardo Angeli Furlani
Banca: Maria Hele na Moraes
Resumo: Na operação de semeadura, o estande adequado e a uniformidade de distribuição de sementes são componentes de grande influência na produtividade do milho. Esses fatores podem ser afetados por inúmeras variáveis, sendo a velocidade de operação da semeadora-adubadora uma das mais importantes, além da adequação semente/orifício no disco dosador. A velocidade de deslocamento e a regulagem da semeadora, sendo inadequadas, podem proporcionar baixa população de plantas, acarretando em uma produtividade não desejada. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o desempenho operacional de uma semeadora-adubadora de precisão, em função de cinco velocidades de deslocamento e dois tipos de martelete, utilizada para a semeadura da cultura do milho em sistema plantio direto. O experimento foi instalado e conduzido em área experimental pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, UNESP - Botucatu, SP, no período de dezembro de 2007 a maio de 2008. O solo da área experimental foi classificado como Nitossolo Vermelho Distroférrico, textura muito argilosa. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas, em esquema fatorial 2x5, sendo dois tipos de marteletes (4 e 5 dentes) e cinco velocidades de deslocamento (3,0; 4,5; 5,0; 7,0 e 9,0 km h-1) com quatro repetições. Assim, o experimento teve 10 tratamentos, totalizando 40 parcelas experimentais. Foram avaliados os dados referentes à porcentagem de cobertura do solo, profundidade do sulco de semeadura, área de solo mobilizado e de deposição de sementes, consumo horário e operacional de combustível, força na barra de tração do trator, velocidade de deslocamento, capacidade de campo efetiva, distribuição longitudinal de sementes, número médio de dias para emergência de plântulas, componentes morfológicos e componentes de produção da planta de milho, danos mecânicos nas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In the sowing operation, the appropriate stand and the uniformity on the distribution of seeds are mentioned as factors of great influence on the corn yield.. These factors can be affected by several variables, being the planter displacement velocity one of the most important of them, besides the adjustment of seeds in the perforated disc device for seed dosage. The inadequate displacement velocity and adjustment of the planter may provide low population of plants, leading to an undesired yield. The current paper had as its objective to analyze the precision planter's operational and energetically performances according to five different displacement velocities and two types of jumpers used for planting no-tillage corn.The experiment was installed and conducted at the experimental area belonging to the College of Agricultural Science - UNESP located in Botucatu, Sao Paulo state, in the period comprised between December, 2007 and May, 2008. The experimental soil area was classified as Nitossolo Vermelho Distroférrico presenting a deep argillaceous texture. The experimental design consisted of blocks at random with parcels subdivided in factorial scheme 2x5, two types of jumpers (4 and 5 staples) and 5 different displacement velocities (3,0; 4,5; 5,0; 7,0 e 9,0 Km h-1) with four repetitions. Thus, the experiment was composed by 10 treatments, totalizing 40 experimental plots. The evaluated data regarded to the percentage of soil coverage, the sowing line depth, mobilized soil and seed overthrown area, horal and operational fuel consumption, force on the tractor traction bar, displacement velocity, effective field capacity, longitudinal distribution of seeds, average number of days for the emergence of seedlings, morphological and corn production components, mechanical harm on seeds and grain production. The displacement velocity effect was verified on the following variables: horal... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

Thesis: S.M. in Management of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2014.
43
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 74-76).
This thesis provides a new perspective in trend analysis with the acknowledgement of individuals as carriers of trends and susceptible to influence simultaneously by a trend's perceived significance and by external effects (media, peers, society, etc.), which reshape individuals' trend preferences according to the type, direction, and strength of the stimuli received. Internet trends are considered as elements that carry knowledge that can provoke a shift in actors' behavior, altering their preferences to a new direction because they affect individuals' values and beliefs. If trends can change individuals' behavior and conduct, and later, their preference progression, trends also have the capability to accumulate information on what individuals care about, how their inclinations have changed and towards which new interests they are moving. If products and services have specific aspects that trigger selections of the same products and services by unrelated individuals, this will denote the presence of a unique feature or set of features that acts as a gateway of contact. This work proposes the elaboration of actors' and products' networks to be implemented within Internet systems, to improve current technology that captures and displays users' preference evolution and potential trend formations; since people leave traces of their historic behavior, enabling the observance of relations between their current social and product networks, the newly entered and the ones left behind. Each consecutive preferred product contains information of a new assessment of individuals, expressing further necessities, values, aspirations, and desires. If several individuals point to the same products and services, those similar products and services will be the connection element increasing individuals' level of correlation in relation to the amount of products matched. Moreover, if a trend triggers a new preference, the progression of preferences will contain the sequence of drives and external effects or rather, the record of cultural elements that were involved; information that could be used to forecast the probability of positive reactions towards the trend by other similar individuals who were not following it. Because a trend travels through followers, each follower will be part of a virtual network outlined and materialized by the products and services chosen by them. This thesis suggest the idea that a trend is evidenced through the spontaneous sequence of detection, routing and preference from differentiated actors towards the same product or service, because that concordance shows the existence of a broadly valued aspect and a common-connector element that provokes preference agreements among isolated individuals despite their dissimilarities, allowing Web-based companies to develop and observe social-products networks to understand which trends and features have the potential to be successful, which phenomena are affecting preferences and which remaining users are susceptible to increase the diffusion of the trend..
by Ernesto Strazza.
S.M. in Management of Technology

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 104-111).
Studying biophysical properties of cells can provide insight into the metabolic mechanisms and regulation of cell cycle processes. Though size is considered to be a fundamental property of cell state, its measurement on a single-cell basis with high-resolution has been elusive primarily due to enormous experimental barriers. This thesis discusses the use of a cantilever based suspended microchannel resonator (SMR) to measure mass, and resistive pulse based Coulter counter to measure volume. First, we discuss the implementation of several engineering principles that have enabled the SMR to measure size with a high precision and temporal resolution. As a result, growth rates can now be estimated at a single-cell basis with unprecedented precision of ~170 fg.hr-¹. Second, we employ the SMR to investigate the coordination between the fundamental processes of cell growth and cell division cycle. Contrary to the reigning 60-yr old hypothesis of a deterministic size-control of the cell cycle, it is observed that cells display significant size variability at the Start checkpoint of the cell cycle. Furthermore, the measurements find only a weak size-control on the time spent in G1. Remarkably, it is observed that the cell's initial growth rate is a significantly better predictor of G1 duration than its initial size. Third, we develop a method to enable continuous, long-term volume measurement. Based on a commercial Coulter counter device, it provides a complementary technique for high-throughput measurement and continuous sampling of cell volume, as well volumetric growth rate on a population-scale.
by Amneet Gulati.
Ph. D.

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 107-116).
The study of dynamic processes that take place on heterogeneous networks is essential to better understand, forecast, and manage human activities in an increasingly connected world. In this Thesis, we elucidate the role of the network topology as well as the nature of the underlying processes in a variety of phenomena rooted on highly connected network systems. We use real world applications as the motivation to address three distinct questions. The first question is: how is the spread of infectious diseases at the global scale mediated by long-range human travel? We show that network topology, geography, traffic structure and individual mobility patterns are all essential for accurate predictions of disease spreading. Specifically, we study contagion dynamics through the air transportation network by means of a stochastic agent-tracking model that accounts for the spatial distribution of airports, detailed air traffic and the correlated nature of mobility patterns and waiting-time distributions of individual agents. We formulate a metric of influential spreading-the geographic spreading centrality-which provides an accurate measure of the early-time spreading power of individual nodes. The second question is: what is the effect of human behavioral changes in their mobility patterns on the dynamics of contagion through transportation networks? We address this question by developing a model of awareness coupled to disease spreading through mobility networks, where we implement two kinds of behavioral changes: selfish and policy-driven. In analogy with the concept of price of anarchy in transportation networks subject to congestion, we show that maximizing individual utility leads to a loss of welfare for the social group, measured here by the size of the outbreak. The third question is: what are the mechanisms behind the formation of cell assemblies in neural activity networks? From a neuroscience perspective: How can one explain functional compartmentalization in a globally-connected brain? Here we show that simple mechanisms of neural interaction allow for the emergence of robust cell assemblies through self-organization. We demonstrate the properties of such neural network processes with a minimal-ingredients model of excitation and inhibition between neurons that leads to self-organization of neural activity into local quantized states, even though the underlying network system is globally connected.
by Christos Nicolaides.
Ph. D.

Thesis: S.M. in Management Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2014.
123
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 51-58).
As use of electric vehicles has been expected to grow, the batteries for the electric vehicles have become critical because the batteries are a key part of the paradigm shift in the automotive industry. However, the demand for electric vehicles has been growing slowly and the electric vehicle battery industry still has internal and external competitions to become a standardized energy source for electric vehicles. The electric vehicle batteries will need to improve their performance, safety, life cycle, charging time and infrastructure to succeed in the market. Since the electric vehicle battery industry is associated with a variety of stakeholders, it should enhance its performance in complex internal and external competitions by cooperating closely with them. Automobile makers in particular are becoming competitors as well as clients to the electric vehicle battery industry. As automobile makers aggressively invest in electric vehicle battery manufacturing, the internal competitions to achieve technology, cost, and market leadership are accelerating. In addition, automobile makers have developed fuel cell technologies for fuel cell electric vehicles. Since the fuel cell has the advantages in electric driving ranges, in charging time, and in vehicle design, the fuel cell electric vehicles could well restructure the entire electric vehicle market if they reduce fuel prices and establish charging infrastructures. The electric vehicle battery industry should seek to speed technology advances for the next generation of battery technologies by identifying key materials, improve battery performance, enhance manufacturing capabilities, and reduce manufacturing costs by expanding the scope of its R&D. If it needs strategic partnerships, the electric vehicle battery industry should look for long-term strategic partners with whom it can grow together. Moreover, the electric vehicle battery industry should enhance its value chain by interacting with suppliers at all tiers from raw material companies to final product makers. Furthermore, the electric vehicle battery industry should seek to attain the economies of scale for the cost and market leadership by diversifying the batteries' applications. Finally, it should compete not on price but on value while strengthening the industry's power.
by Young Hee Kim.
S.M. in Management Studies

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 110-120).
Numerical simulations of time-periodic flows are an essential design tool for a wide range of engineered systems, including jet engines, wind turbines and flapping wings. Conventional solvers for time-periodic flows are limited in accuracy and efficiency by the low-order Finite Volume and time-marching methods they typically employ. These methods introduce significant numerical dissipation in the simulated flow, and can require hundreds of timesteps to describe a periodic flow with only a few harmonic modes. However, recent developments in high-order methods and Fourier-based time discretizations present an opportunity to greatly improve computational performance. This thesis presents a novel Time-Spectral Hybridizable Discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method for periodic flow problems, together with applications to flow through cascades and rotor/stator assemblies in aeronautical turbomachinery. The present work combines a Fourier-based Time-Spectral discretization in time with an HDG discretization in space, realizing the dual benefits of spectral accuracy in time and high-order accuracy in space. Low numerical dissipation and favorable stability properties are inherited from the high-order HDG method, together with a reduced number of globally coupled degrees of freedom compared to other DG methods. HDG provides a natural framework for treating boundary conditions, which is exploited in the development of a new high-order sliding mesh interface coupling technique for multiple-row turbomachinery problems. A regularization of the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model is also employed to ensure numerical stability of unsteady flow solutions obtained with high-order methods. Turning to the temporal discretization, the Time-Spectral method enables direct solution of a periodic flow state, bypasses initial transient behavior, and can often deliver substantial savings in computational cost compared to implicit time-marching. An important driver of computational efficiency is the ability to select and resolve only the most important frequencies of a periodic problem, such as the blade-passing frequencies in turbomachinery flows. To this end, the present work introduces an adaptive frequency selection technique, using the Time-Spectral residual to form an inexpensive error indicator. Having selected a set of frequencies, the accuracy of the Time-Spectral solution is greatly improved by using optimally selected collocation points in time. For multi-domain problems such as turbomachinery flows, an anti-aliasing filter is also needed to avoid errors in the transfer of the solution across the sliding interface. All of these aspects contribute to the Adaptive Time-Spectral HDG method developed in this thesis. Performance characteristics of the method are demonstrated through applications to periodic ordinary differential equations, a convection problem, laminar flow over a pitching airfoil, and turbulent flow through a range of single- and multiple-row turbomachinery configurations. For a 2:1 rotor/stator flow problem, the Adaptive Time-Spectral HDG method correctly identifies the relevant frequencies in each blade row. This leads to an accurate periodic flow solution with greatly reduced computational cost, when compared to sequentially selected frequencies or a time-marching solution. For comparable accuracy in prediction of rotor loading, the Adaptive Time- Spectral HDG method incurs 3 times lower computational cost (CPU time) than time-marching, and for prediction of only the 1st harmonic amplitude, these savings rise to a factor of 200. Finally, in three-row compressor flow simulations, a high-order HDG method is shown to achieve significantly greater accuracy than a lower-order method with the same computational cost. For example, considering error in the amplitude of the 1st harmonic mode of total rotor loading, a p = 1 computation results in 20% error, in contrast to only 1% error in a p = 4 solution with comparable cost. This highlights the benefits that can be obtained from higher-order methods in the context of turbomachinery flow problems.
by Hemant Kumar Chaurasia.
Ph. D.

Orientador: Áurea Maria de Oliveira
Banca: Orly Zucatto Mantovani de Assis
Banca: Dalva Maria Bianchini Bonotto
Resumo: É visível a preocupação com um modelo de Educação que tenha como princípio a formação da cidadania. Surge, portanto, no meio escolar, a necessidade de se produzir ações que focalizem o ensino de valores morais, dentro desse contexto, uma vez que aos educadores e a todos os agentes envolvidos com a Educação é atribuída a tarefa de se educar ética e moralmente os indivíduos. E este é o interesse desta pesquisa, que apresenta uma alternativa de intervenção pedagógica que culmina na prática da discussão de dilemas morais encontrados no enredo das Fábulas Italianas, compiladas por Ítalo Calvino em 1954. Os objetivos que permearam todo o desenrolar desta pesquisa foram: identificar o nível evolutivo da noção de justiça em que se encontram os sujeitos participantes, de acordo com as teorias de Piaget e Kohlberg, em duas classes do Ensino Fundamental (uma experimental e outra de controle), dentro de uma instituição pública de ensino e verificar se o trabalho pedagógico com o enredo de algumas fábulas italianas, por meio da técnica da discussão moral, implica em uma evolução qualitativa no nível do raciocínio moral. Para tanto, os sujeitos participaram de um pré-teste que corresponde às respostas dadas aos dilemas de Kohlberg. Posteriormente, participaram da intervenção pedagógica e, por último, realizaram o pós-teste com os mesmos questionamentos aplicados no pré-teste. A análise qualitativa dos dados baseou-se nesses depoimentos fornecidos pelos sujeitos, tendo o cuidado de acompanharmos o raciocínio e a estrutura de seu pensamento, caracterizando o seu estágio de raciocínio moral antes e depois de todo o trabalho de intervenção pedagógica, relacionando-os sempre com as teorias de Piaget e Kohlberg e com a teoria da análise de conteúdo de Bardin (1977). Observou-se, ao final dessa pesquisa, que os sujeitos que participaram da Classe Experimental... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: It is clearly identifiable the existence of a strong concern towards the existence of an Education model that aims for citizenship development. As a consequence, the school environment holds the need for actions that focus on the teaching of moral values, considering that educators and other teaching-related agents have the difficult task of teaching their pupils both ethic and morally. The present research attempts to introduce an alternative pedagogical intervention which results in the discussion of moral dilemmas taken from the plot of Italian Folktales, compiled by Italo Calvino in 1954. One of the objectives pursued throughout this research was: to identify the level of justice maturity of each participant according to Piaget and Kohlberg theories in two groups of Secondary school (being one the experimental group and other the control group) from a public school. The second objective was to assess the pedagogical work with the plot of some Italian folktales - through moral discussion method - as a means of qualitative evolution in the level of moral reasoning. In order to achieve this result, the participants sat for a pre-test which fits Kohlberg dilemmas‟ answers. Afterwards, they were involved in a data gathering process during the period of pedagogical intervention and in the end, they sat for a post-test involving the same questions previously applied in the pre-test. The datum qualitative analysis was based on the testimony provided by participants. During the analysis, the reasoning and the structure of their thinking were closely observed in order to qualify their stage of moral reasoning before and after all the work of pedagogical intervention, applying Piaget and Kohlberg theories as well as the theory of content analysis by Bardin (1977). At the end of this research, it was observed that all the experimental group participants achieved a superior moral reasoning... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

Orientador: Saulo Philipe Sebastião Guerra
Coorientador: José Mauro Santana da Silva
Banca: Fabio Minoru Yamaji
Banca: Franciane Andrade de Pádua
Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar densidade de carga da produção de cavacos em função da granulometria de dois sistemas florestais de curta rotação de Eucalyptus urograndis. Um ensaio foi realizado em Botucatu- SP, o plantio da área em ocorreu em julho 2010, com espaçamento de 2,8 x 1,5 m, e com 30 meses a área foi colhida, com a utilização de uma carreta com células de carga e com volume conhecido e foi realizada pesagens para seis dimensões de cavacos (5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm e 33 mm) tendo três repetições para cada, para poder determinar a densidade de carga. Em janeiro de 2010, foi implantado em Taiobeiras- MG, o outro ensaio, com os diferentes clones (I-144, I-224, I-042 e I-60) no espaçamento de 4,0 x 0,5 m com a finalidade de produção de bioenergia na forma cavacos de 33 mm. A colheita foi realizada com 37 meses, com uma carreta de volume conhecido e uma balança rodoviária para determinar a densidade de carga. Para os dois ensaios foi utilizado o mesmo sistema mecanizado específico para produção de cavaco. Os resultados foram analisados pela análise de variância e, posteriormente, teste de Tukey. Concluindo que quanto maior dimensão dos cavacos menor a densidade de carga e que numa mesma situação para diferentes clones da mesma espécie de eucalipto se encontra diferentes valores de densidade de carga
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the bulk density of a wood chip production as a function of particle size of two short forestry rotation system of Eucalyptus urograndis. One trial was conducted in Botucatu-SP, the planting area occurred in July 2010, with spacing of 2.8 x 1.5 m, and within 30 months the area was harvested with the use of a trailer with load cells and known volume, and was weighing carried out for six dimensions chip (5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm and 33 mm) with three replicates for each, in order to determine the bulk density. In January 2010, it was deployed in Taiobeiras-MG, the second test, with different clones (I-144, I-224, I-042 and I-60) at a spacing of 4.0 x 0.5 m with purpose of bioenergy production in 3 the form of 33 mm wood chips. The harvest was performed 37 months, with a cartload of known volume and scale road to determine the bulk density. For both tests the same specific mechanical system was used to produce chip. The results were analyzed by analysis of variance and then the Tukey test. In conclusion that the larger dimension of the wood chips minus the bulk density and in the same situation for different clones of the same species of eucalyptus is different values of bulk density.
Mestre

Orientador: Marilda da Silva
Banca: Maria Regina Guarnieri
Banca: Emília Freitas de Lima
Resumo: Este trabalho de natureza qualitativa pretende contribuir com reflexões que estão sendo sistematizadas cujo objeto de estudo é a formação e a atuação docente. O objetivo desse trabalho é investigar se os modos de ser professor relacionam-se com as experiências formativas vivenciadas pelo professor ao longo de sua trajetória de vida privada e profissional e se tais experiências influenciaram a angariação de capital cultural e a estruturação do habitus professoral. Para tanto, optamos pelo referencial teórico bourdieusiano por contemplar aspectos relacionados aos processos formativos a que o agente social está submetido, tais como, campo social, trajeto social, habitus e angariação de diferentes tipos de capital. Nessa perspectiva, realizamos entrevistas semiestruturadas de caráter autobiográfico com quatro professoras atuantes na última série do primeiro ciclo do ensino fundamental de uma escola municipal situada em um município de pequeno porte no interior paulista a fim de que pudéssemos "reconstruir" parte da vida dos sujeitos entrevistados. A esse propósito, para a realização das entrevistas formulamos três macroeixos norteadores: trajetória pessoal; trajetória escolar e acadêmica e trajetória profissional, justamente, por se relacionarem às experiências educacionais, escolares e não-escolares; ao exercício da docência; à carreira docente e ao processo de angariação de capital cultural. Por sua vez, a análise dos dados, realizada por meio da técnica Análise de Conteúdo, segundo a proposta de Laurence Bardin, permite-nos afirmar que a titulação acadêmica apresentou-se como estratégia de ascensão social para as professoras entrevistadas por permitir a angariação de diferentes tipos de capital, entre eles, capital simbólico, capital econômico e, sobretudo, capital cultural de caráter institucionalizado e, ao mesmo tempo, por ser capaz... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The intent of this native qualitative work is to contribute with reflections that have been systemized which study's object is the teacher formation and performance. The objective of this study is to explore the possibility of the teacher methods be related to his formative experiences obtained by himself during the life/professional and if these experiences affected the cultural capital gathering and the professorial habitus arrangement. Therefore, we chose by the bourdieusin theoretical referential due to the consideration of aspects related to the formative processes which the social agent is submitted, such as, social ground, social path, habitus and the gathering for different types of capital. In this overview, we performed semi-structured interviews with autobiography characteristic for four active teachers in the last year of the elementary education in a local school which is located in a small São Paulo inner city in order that we could "redo" part of the interviewers' lives. This purpose, we developed three macro guiding principles to perform the interviews: personal path, scholar path and academic and professional path, certainly relate to educational experiences, scholars and non- scholars, the teaching profession, teacher career and the gathering for the capital ethnical. On the other hand, the data analysis were made by Content Analysis technique, as proposed by Laurence Bardin, and allow us to say that the academic title was showed as strategy of social rise for interviewed teachers to allow the gathering of different types of capital, among, symbolic capital, economic capital and, especially, cultural institutionalized capital and to be capable to give to the social agents the social distinctions among their class members. However, the teaching profession requires dedication from the social agent with some changes/restructuration of his primary... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Mestre

Resumo: O Brasil vem apresentando crescimento no cultivo de cana-de-açúcar, bem como no número de usinas instaladas no país, ocupando hoje a posição de maior produtor mundial. O Estado de São Paulo destaca-se como o maior produtor do país, onde a Bacia Hidrográfica do Turvo/Grande é a 3ª maior do Estado. Com tal crescimento também veio a exigência do mercado externo sobre a produção sustentável, ou seja, necessidade de dar destinos adequados para os resíduos gerados em todo processo produtivo. Dentre os principais resíduos gerados na indústria sucroalcooleira destacam-se os efluentes líquidos, principalmente a água de lavagem (proveniente da limpeza de máquinas da indústria, da lavagem da cana, piso, entre outros) e a vinhaça (proveniente da destilação do álcool), sendo esta última apresentando um potencial poluidor muito elevado para os compartimentos ambientais (água, solo, ar). Visando o entendimento da dinâmica dos poluentes nesta região, este trabalho tem como objetivo principal avaliar a contribuição da atividade sucroalcooleira no aporte de poluentes para os compartimentos ambientais, como água, atmosfera, solo e sedimento na Bacia Hidrográfica do Turvo/Grande. Neste contexto, amostras de água superficial e subterrânea, solo, sedimento, deposição atmosférica total e tecido vegetal foram coletadas no período de novembro/09 a outubro/10. Os resultados de deposição atmosférica total indicam que a atividade sucroalcooleira tem papel fundamental no aporte dos elementos quantificados, uma vez que, para a maioria dos parâmetros, a média ponderada pelo volume (MPV) no período de safra foi 4,5-9,5% maior do que a MPV do período de entressafra. A água de lavagem e a vinhaça apresentaram grandes variações nas concentrações mínimas e máximas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Brazil has been an increase in the sugar cane cultivation, as well as the number of ethanol industry installed in the country. São Paulo state is the largest producer in the country, where the Turvo/Grande watershed is the 3rd largest producer in this state. The reasons for growth also came from demand of foreign markets about sustainable production and need to appropriate destinations for the waste generated throughout the production process. The main waste generated in the ethanol industry is wastewater, especially washes water (cleaning machines, washing sugarcane and floor and others from industrial process) and vinasse (derived from alcohol distillation), being this wastewater shows high pollution potential for environmental matrices. For understanding pollutants dynamics in the region, this study conducts at assessing the contribution of sugarcane and ethanol activity in the input of pollutants into water, atmosphere, soil and sediment in Turvo/Grande watershed. In this context, samples of surface water, groundwater, soil, sediment, total atmospheric deposition and plant tissue were collected in the period from November 2009 to October 2010. Results indicate that total atmospheric deposition acts intake for most parameters, since the volume-weighted mean (VWM) was 4.5 to 9.5% greater during the harvest period compared to the non-harvest period. Wash water and vinasse showed large variations in minimum and maximum concentrations obtained, where the largest variations to vinasse was of TOC analysis (11,117 a 30,466 mg L-1) and the wash water was conductivity (796 a 4,240 µS cm-1). For surface water and groundwater, the biggest variation occurred for nitrate, with higher values during the harvest period (10.6 and 14.4 mg L-1, respectively (value Ntotal). The contribution... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Altair Benedito Moreira
Coorientador: Márcia Cristina Bisinoti
Banca: Pedro Sergio Fadini
Banca: José Eduardo Bevilacqua
Mestre

Orientador: Sueli Aparecida Itman Monteiro
Banca: Paulo Rennes Marçal Ribeiro
Banca: José Carlos de Paula Carvalho
Resumo: Através desta pesquisa procuramos compreender a saúde e o adoecimento do professor, inseridos num processo complexo, no qual se relacionam o cotidiano escolar e o macro contexto de políticas públicas voltadas para a educação. Isto se deu a partir dos resultados obtidos pelas pesquisas já realizadas acerca do tema, que apontavam como fatores ligados ao desgaste do professor tanto a falta de infra-estrutura, as jornadas extensas, a falta de reconhecimento social, quanto a indisciplina e a violência dentre os muros escolares. Para realização deste estudo, foi contatada uma escola pública de ensino médio localizada no interior de São Paulo e utilizados como recursos metodológicos a observação (em sala de aula, sala dos professores, pátio e Escola da Família), com elaboração de um diário de campo, e a aplicação de entrevistas semi-estruturadas junto a três professoras. Estas professoras aderiram voluntariamente à pesquisa. Encontramos muitos dos elementos relatados pela literatura referentes à sintomatologia (distúrbios fonoaudiológicos, osteoarticulares, psiquiátricos, alergias, cansaço e desânimo constantes), e também ao ambiente de trabalho hostil. Por outro lado, os professores, ao mesmo tempo em que se diziam cansados e doentes, também se diziam satisfeitos e realizados com seu trabalho. Diante da diversidade de informações, nos pautamos na Sociologia do Cotidiano de Michel Maffesoli, por considerar a contradição, ambivalência, multiplicidade de sentidos como constituintes da existência, para refletir a respeito da situação encontrada, admitindo o caráter pontual e contextualizado de nossas conclusões. Diante disto, acreditamos que a promoção da saúde do professor necessita acontecer na própria escola, entre seus pares, e passa necessariamente por novos modos de organizar seu trabalho. Ou seja, é uma questão que não pode ser analisada apenas no nível da individualidade.
Abstract: Through this research, we try to understand the health and the process in which the teacher falls ill, inserted in a complex process, in which the school daily life and the macro context of public policies, whose aim is education, are related. This was done from the results obtained by the research already carried out on this subject, which pointed as factors that were connected with the stress of the teacher; lack of infrastructure, long working hours, lack of social recognition, and the indiscipline and violence inside the school walls. For the accomplishment of this study, a public middle school, located in the interior of Sao Paulo was contacted, and the methodological resources used were the observation (in classroom, staff room, patio and School of the Family) with preparation of a field diary, and the application of semi-structured interviews to three teachers. These teachers voluntarily joined the research. We found many of the elements reported by the literature referring to the symptomatology (speech problems, bone and joint problems, psychiatric disturbances, constant allergies, tiredness, and dejection), and also to the hostile work environment. On the other side, at the same time the teachers claimed they were tired and ill, they claimed they were satisfied and fulfilled with their work. In view of the variety of information, we base ourselves on the Sociology of the Daily Life by Michel Maffesoli, considering the contradiction, ambivalence, multiplicity of senses as constituent elements of existence, to reflect on the considered situation, admitting the punctual character and contextualization of our conclusions. Considering this, we believe that the promotion of the teacher's health needs to happen in the school itself, among their peers, and it necessarily involves new ways of organizing the teacher's work. In other words, an issue that cannot be analyzed only in the individuality level.
Mestre

Orientador: Alcides Lopes Leão
Banca: Elisabete Frollini
Banca: Pedro de Magalhães Padilha
Resumo: O momento atual de maior preocupação ambiental global, a crescente escassez dos recursos fósseis, bem como as novas regulagens ambientais força a busca por materiais que sejam renováveis e compatíveis com o ambiente. Novos materiais estão sendo desenvolvidos a partir de várias fontes naturais e, entre eles a celulose é o mais abundante dos polímeros naturais e um dos mais utilizados. Logo, o objetivo desta dissertação de mestrado foi obter nanofibras de celulose tendo como fonte a fibra vegetal de curauá. Os processos utilizados foram químicos e mecânicos, baseados nos processos de polpação e branqueamento, a fim de isolar a celulose, seguido de processos mecânicos para atingir a escala nanométrica. As nanofibras de celulose propiciam vantagens como melhoria nas propriedades mecânicas e de barreira, além de manter a transparência de polímeros em geral. A fim de comprovar a capacidade de reforço em matrizes poliméricas, as nanofibras de celulose obtidas foram incorporadas nas mesmas. No entanto, para evitar a tendência de aglomeração das nanofibras, principalmente quando retiradas do meio aquoso, o álcool polivinílico (pva) foi escolhido como a matriz polimérica a ser testada, devido à sua compatibilidade com nanofibras de celulose, por ambos serem de natureza hidrofílica, o que aumenta a compatibilidade interfacial de fases entre a nanocelulose e a matriz escolhida. Após a incorporação das nanofibras na matriz polimérica ocorreram significativas melhoras nas propriedades mecânicas da matriz. Ao incorporar 4% de nanofibras da celulose de curauá obteve-se um ganho de 36% e 67% para a tração e para o módulo de young, respectivamente. Com 5% de nanofibras, o aumento nas propriedades foram ainda mais significativos em torno de 44% para a tração máxima e 448% para o módulo de young
Abstract: Nowadays is a era of greatest environmental concern, with growing scarcity of fossil resources, as well as new environmental regulations obligating the search for materials that are renewable and environmentally friendly. New materials are being developed from various natural sources, and among them, cellulose is the most abundant natural polymers and the one most used. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis was to obtain cellulose nanofibers fibers from curaua plant. The procedures used were based on chemical and mechanical treatment. Pulping and bleaching, in this sequence were done in order to isolate the cellulose, followed by mechanical processes to achieve the nanometer scale. The cellulose nanofibers provide advantages such as improvement of mechanical properties and barrier, besides maintaining transparency of polymers in general. To prove the capacity of reinforcement in polymer matrices, the cellulose nanofibers obtained were incorporated into them. However, to avoid the tendency of nanofibers agglomeration when removed from water, the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was chosen as the polymer matrix to be tested, for the reasons that both are hydrophilic in nature and compatible to cellulose nanofibers, which increases the interface between the matrix and the nanocelulose chosen. After the incorporation of nanofibers in the polymer matrix, a significant improvement were observed in its mechanical properties by incorporating 4% of cellulose nanofiber curauá which provided a gain of 36% and 67% for tension and Young's modulus, respectively. With 5% of nanofibers, the increase in properties was even more significant at around 44% for maximum tension and 448% for Young's modulus
Mestre

Resumo: A proteína é um nutriente de elevado custo em rações para peixes, sendo importante a realização de pesquisas com o objetivo de avaliar fontes alternativas de proteína para reduzir o custo na alimentação. Para tal, é necessário caracterizar o produto quimicamente, bem como determinar o seu valor nutritivo. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de caracterizar quimicamente e avaliar o valor nutritivo da farinha de vísceras de avestruz na alimentação da tilápia-do-Nilo. Inicialmente, a farinha foi caracterizada quimicamente por meio das análises de matéria seca, energia bruta, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, minerais (cálcio, fósforo), ácidos graxos e aminoácidos. Também foram avaliados os parâmetros de pH e acidez no 1º; 7º; 15º e 30º dia após a fabricação de farinha de vísceras, e realizado o teste de granulometria logo após sua fabricação. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da proteína, energia bruta, e fósforo da farinha para a tilápia-do-Nilo foram determinados pelo método modificado de Guelph, utilizando como indicador o óxido de cromo III (0,1%). A farinha de vísceras de avestruz é um alimento com elevado valor de energia e teores de proteína, minerais e ácidos graxos, além de possuir boa estabilidade oxidativa e microbiológica durante o armazenamento, com granulometria adequada para ser utilizada em rações para animais e boa fonte de energia e proteína para tilápia-do-Nilo
Abstract: Protein is the most expensive nutrient in fish diet, and are important researches evaluating alternative sources to produce cost effectiveness diets. For this, it is necessary characterize its chemical composition and determine its nutritional value. This work was undertaken out to characterize chemically and evaluate the nutritive value of ostrich viscera meal for Nile tilapia. Initially, the viscera meal was chemically characterized in terms of dry matter, gross energy, crude protein, ether extract, minerals (calcium, phosphorus), fatty acids and amino acids. Data of pH and acidity were obtained from ostrich viscera meal at 1st, 7th, 15th and 30th days after manufacture, while the granulometry test was performed immediately after the manufacturing. The apparent digestibility of dry matter, protein, fat, calcium and phosphorus were obtained for Nile tilapia using the modified method of Guelph, using as an indicator chromium III oxide (0.1%). The production yield of ostrich viscera meal in relation to the fresh and dried viscera is 21.75%. The ostrich viscera meal has high amounts of energy, protein, minerals and fatty acids, and good oxidative and microbial stability during storage, with a particle size suitable to be used in animal feed and also good source of energy and protein for Nile tilapia
Orientador: Pedro Fernando Romanelli
Coorientador: Wilson Massamitu Furuya
Banca: José Francisco Lopes Filho
Banca: Giovanni Sampaio Gonçalves
Banca: Crispin Humberto Garcia Cruz
Mestre

Orientador: Rita de Cássia Tibério Araújo
Banca: Lígia Maria Presumido Braccialli
Banca: Adriana Garcia Gonçalves
Resumo: A tecnologia assistiva inclui serviços, recursos e estratégias que são fundamentais para o acesso nas atividades escolares. Na atualidade, o computador é uma ferramenta indispensável, fazendo parte do cotidiano em diferentes situações de vida. Diante da gravidade de quadros motores, o seu uso nas atividades acadêmicas de sala de aula pode oferecer melhores condições de participação do aluno com paralisia cerebral, desde que a forma de manuseio dessa ferramenta esteja adequada às necessidades funcionais do usuário. Esta pesquisa baseia-se no pressuposto de que o uso do computador por alunos do ensino regular que apresentam déficits motores de natureza neurológica requer prescrições específicas de manuseio, no que diz respeito à indicação de adaptações. Levando em conta que o uso do computador demanda habilidades específicas, tais como o equilíbrio no posicionamento do tronco e da cabeça na posição sentada, o alcance do teclado e do mouse e a coordenação motora fina, este estudo teve por objetivos: a) descrever o processo de indicação de adaptações de acesso ao computador para pessoas com paralisia cerebral e b) verificar os efeitos das adaptações prescritas. Os participantes deste estudo foram três alunos do ensino regular com paralisia cerebral em graus específicos de funcionalidade e sem prejuízo importante da capacidade de compreensão de instruções verbais. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevista com os professores dos alunos e de observação da funcionalidade dos alunos em situação de uso do computador. Os dados coletados abrangeram registros obtidos em três etapas articuladas seqüencialmente. A análise do manuseio do computador ocorreu de forma descritiva, com ênfase nas necessidades funcionais do aluno mediante observação do comportamento motor dos membros superiores e do tempo despendido para a conclusão da atividade proposta. Os três...
Abstract: Assistive technology includes services, resources and strategies that are essential for access in school activities. In actuality, the computer is an indispensable tool, part of everyday life in different situations. Given the seriousness of tables engines, their use in the academic activities of the classroom can offer better conditions for participation of students with cerebral palsy, since the form of proper handling of this tool is the functional needs of the user. This project is based on the assumption that the use of the computer for regular students who have motor deficits in neurological nature requires specific handling requirements, with regard to the appointment of adaptations. Taking into account that the use of computer demand specific skills, such as balancing the positioning of the trunk and head in a sitting position, the range of the keyboard and mouse, and fine motor coordination, this study aimed to: a) describe the process indication adaptations of computer access for people with cerebral palsy and b) verify the effects of the adjustments prescribed. The participants were three regular students with cerebral palsy in specific degrees of functionality and without injury of ability to understand verbal instructions. The data were collected through interviews with teachers and students of clinical observation of the functionality of the students who are using the computer. The data collected covered records obtained in three steps sequentially articulated. The analysis of the computer handling occurred in a descriptive way, with emphasis on the functional needs of the student by observation of motor behavior of the upper and the time taken for completion of the proposed activity. The three participants showed similar behavior with respect to a gradual decrease in completion time of activity in the continuous interventions. The behavior patterns of the completion time of the...
Mestre

Orientador: Nelson Antonio Pirola
Banca: Odalea aparecida Viana
Banca: Regina Maria Pavanello
Resumo: O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar o conhecimento declarativo de alunos do ensino médio sobre polígnos e poliedros em termos de seus atributos difinidores, das relações subordinadas e supra-ordenadas e de seus exemplos e não-exemplos. A concepção teórica utilizada foi o modelo de formação de conceitos de Klausmeier e Goodwin (1977). Os participantes foram 253 alunos do ensino de uma escola de rede oficial pública de ensino de Bauru, que responderam, na primeira fase, um questionário, uma prova matemática, um testes de atributos definidores, um teste de exemplos e não-exemplos e um teste de relações subordinadas e supra-ordenadas. Na segunda fase, foram selecionados, aleatoriamente, três alunos com média abaixo de cinco pontos e três alunos com média igual ou superior a cinco pontos para participarem de uma entrevista. Os resultados coletados na primeira fase, analisados quantitativamente, mostram que no teste de atributos definidores a nota média foi de 6,03, sendo que não houve diferença significativa entre as séries (p=0,084). No teste de exemplos e não-exemplos a nota média 5,59 refletiu o desempenho dos participantes e não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as séries (p=0,057). Em relação ao teste de relações subordinadas e supra-ordenadas a nota média dos participantes foi 5,64, sendo que a nota média obtida pela primeira série diferiu significativamente da nota média obtida pela terceira série (p=0,024). Em relação aos dados da segunda fase, analisados qualitativamente, alguns participantes pensavam, de maneira equivocada, sobre os atributos definidores de polígnos e de poliedros. Os atributos irrelevantes não interferiam na identificação das figuras selecionadas do teste de exemplos e não-exemplos como exemplos polígnos.
Abstract: The objective of this reseach was to analyse the declarative konowledge of students from Elementary School Teaching about polygons and polyhedrons in terms of their defining atributes, the subordinate relations and supraordinate and their examples and no-exemples. The theoretical conception used was the model of formation from Klausmeier and Goodwin (1977)'s concepts. The participants were 253 students from Elementary School Teaching of one school of the Oficial Public Network from Bauru, who answered, in the first phase one questionnaire, one math test, one test of defining attributes, one test of examples and no-examples and one test of subordinate relations and supraordinate. In the second phase, three students were randomly selected with the average below five points and three students with equal average or higher to five points who participated in an interview. The collected results in the first phase, quantitatively analysed, showed that in the test of defining attributes, the average grade was 6,03, so there was no significative difference among the series (p=0,084). In the test of examples and no-examples the average grade 5,59 reflected the performance of the participants and no significative differences were found among the series (p=0,057). In the relation to the test of subordinate relations ans supraordinate the average grade of the participants was 5,64, so the average obtained by the first grade had no significative difference from the average obtained by the third grade (p=0,024). In relation to the data of the second phase, qualitativety analysed, some participants thought wrongly about the defining attributes of polygons and polyhedrons. The irrelevants attributes did not interfere in the identification of the selected pictures of the test of examples and no-examples as polygons examples.
Mestre

A paisagem vinícola é a expressão do trabalho do homem sobre o território, no qual imprime sua identidade cultural e marca a fixação de sua história ao longo do tempo. O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar as modificações de uma paisagem historicamente produtiva localizada em um território vinícola certificado, o Vale dos Vinhedos, em Bento Gonçalves, RS, e seu gradativo processo de transformação. O estudo analisa esse processo, mostrando como a urbanização crescente, determinada pela também crescente valorização da terra, tem conduzido a uma grande perda dos valores culturais do território. Sob a luz da história, é discutido todo o percurso da transformação da paisagem, que vai da plantação dos primeiros parreirais, com a chegada dos imigrantes italianos à região, o surgimento dos primeiros núcleos urbanos até a recente urbanização, que passa a agregar um novo valor ao território. Esta transformação vem colocando em risco um legado de anos de história, na construção dessa paisagem singular. Estabelecer um sinal de alerta quanto ao problema é mais um dos objetivos aqui traçados.
The landscape that results from wine-producing activities is the expression of human work upon a territory, where man prints his cultural identity and retains his history throughout time. The aim of this research is to investigate the changes in a historically producing landscape, placed in a certified wine-producing territory, “Vale dos Vinhedos” (Vineyards Valley) – Bento Gonçalves, RS and its gradual transformation process. This case study analyses this process showing how the increasing urbanization, determined by the also increasing land value, brings about a remarkable loss of cultural values of this same territory. In the light of History, the whole route of landscape transformation is discussed. This route begins when the first vines are planted during the Italian immigrants’ arrival to the region, continues with the initial urban settlements and reaches the current urbanization process, which sets new land value standards to the analyzed territory. This current transformation has been threatening years of historic legacy developed during the formation of this unique landscape. Alerting to this problem is also one of the objectives hear focused.

As part of a long term study dealing with the effect of continuous use of no-till practice on soil structural characteristics, this study was conducted with the following objectives: (i) to design and develop a tractor-mounted, hydraulically-operated, recording penetrometer, (ii) to collect the initial penetration resistance data from the experimental plots established for the long term study. A penetrometer assembly was designed and constructed with the capability of collecting penetration resistance across two crop rows. At any point, the penetration resistance data could be collected up to a depth of 60 cm. A simple hydraulic circuitry was developed to control the rate of penetration at 3 cm/s. A micro-computer based data acquisition system was developed to record the penetration resistance and depth data during each penetration test. This data acquisition system together with a cassette tape recorder could record the data from large number of tests under field conditions. The data stored on the tape could be transferred to a personal computer for data reduction and analysis. Field tests were conducted to evaluate the system developed and to establish the initial data for the experimental plots established for long term study. Results of these tests indicated that the system functioned satisfactorily and there exists significant difference in penetration resistance from plot to plot and as a function of depth within each plot.
M.S.

ABSTRACT Performance measurement in residential housing, at a company or project level, is usually assessed using financial indicators. There are other performance indicators that can be also applied to the construction industry. The literature review identifies papers and reports that propose a set of indicators that can be applied to different areas. However, there is no evidence of a system that comprises the key performance indicators at the design-bid-build-delivery stages of the life-cycle of developer and homebuilder companies. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to create a model of performance indicators (at the strategic, tactical and operative levels), based on the production chain of a developer and homebuilder company. Once the theoretical proposal is set, a Delphi study is developed; therefore, a panel of 11 experts assesses and summarizes the indicators that allow measuring the performance of Mexican developer and homebuilder companies. Once the model is simplified and adjusted, it is validated through multiple case studies of two Mexican developer and homebuilder companies; the model has to be implemented and monitored in two whole productive cycles of each one of these case studies. Finally, the basic indicators obtained are: time, production cost, administrative cost, housing internal delivery, housing technical report, housing external delivery, warrantees, quality, and customer service. These indicators are aligned with an intrinsic traceability among them. This research also proposes an indicator of global performance (IDGC). This way, developer and homebuilder companies achieve project success considering the proposed indicators, focused on three key areas of the value supply chain: construction, housing internal delivery, and housing delivery to the final customer.
RESUMEN La medición del desempeño en la edificación residencial, tanto a nivel empresarial como de proyecto, se ha evaluado normalmente mediante indicadores de tipo financiero. Existen otros indicadores de desempeño que también son aplicables al sector de la construcción. En la revisión de la literatura se identifican diversos artículos e informes que proponen una serie de indicadores aplicables a diferentes áreas. Sin embargo, no hay evidencia de un sistema específico que integre los indicadores clave de desempeño en las etapas de diseño-contratación-construcción-entrega del ciclo de vida de las empresas promotoras-constructoras de vivienda. Por lo tanto, el objetivo principal de esta investigación es cubrir esta laguna del conocimiento, generando un modelo de indicadores de desempeño (a nivel estratégico, táctico y operativo), basado en la cadena productiva de una empresa promotora-constructora de viviendas. Una vez realizada la propuesta de modelo teórico, se lleva a cabo un estudio Delphi con la finalidad de que un panel de 11 expertos valore y sintetice los indicadores que permitan medir el desempeño de las empresas promotoras constructoras de vivienda, en el contexto de la industria de la construcción mexicana. Una vez simplificado y adaptado, el modelo se somete a una validación práctica mediante estudios de caso múltiple de dos empresas promotoras-constructoras mexicanas; se requiere la implementación y seguimiento del modelo durante dos ciclos productivos completos en cada uno de los dos casos planteados. Finalmente, los indicadores básicos obtenidos son: tiempo, coste de producción, coste administrativo, entrega interna de vivienda, dictamen técnico de la vivienda, entrega externa de la vivienda, garantía, calidad y posventa. Estos indicadores se encuentran alineados con una trazabilidad intrínseca entre ellos. La presente investigación también propone un indicador de desempeño global (IDGC). De este modo, las empresas promotoras-constructoras de vivienda determinan el éxito de sus proyectos en base a los indicadores propuestos, centrados en tres áreas de fundamentales de la cadena de valor: construcción, entrega interna de vivienda, y entrega de vivienda al usuario final.
RESUM El mesurament del rendiment en l'edificació residencial, tant a nivell empresarial com de projecte, s'ha avaluat normalment per mitjà d'indicadors de tipo financer. Hi ha altres indicadors de rendiment que també són aplicables al sector de la construcció. En la revisió de la literatura s'identifiquen diversos articles i informes que proposen una sèrie d'indicadors aplicables a diferents àrees. No obstant això, no hi ha evidència d'un sistema específic que integre els indicadors clau de rendiment en les etapes de disseny-contractació-construcció-entrega del cicle de vida de les empreses promotores- constructores de vivenda. Per tant, l'objectiu principal d'esta investigació és cobrir esta llacuna del coneixement, generant un model d'indicadors de rendiment (a nivell estratègic, tàctic i operatiu), basat en la cadena productiva d'una empresa promotora-constructora de vivendes. Una vegada realitzada la proposta de model teòric, es du a terme un estudi Delphi amb la finalitat que un panell de 11 experts valore i sintetitze els indicadors que permeten mesurar el rendiment de les empreses promotores constructores de vivenda, en el context de la indústria de la construcció mexicana. Una vegada simplificat i adaptat, el model és sotmés a una validació pràctica per mitjà d'estudis de cas múltiple de dos empreses promotores-constructores mexicanes; es requerix la implementació i seguiment del model durant dos cicles productius complets en cada un dels dos casos plantejats. Finalment, els indicadors bàsics obtinguts són: temps, cost de producció, cost administratiu, entrega interna de vivenda, dictamen tècnic de la vivenda, entrega externa de la vivenda, garantia, qualitat i postvenda. Estos indicadors es troben alineats amb una traçabilitat intrínseca entre ells. La present investigació també proposa un indicador de rendiment global (IDGC). D'esta manera, les empreses promotores-constructores de vivenda determinen l'èxit dels seus projectes basant-se en els indicadors proposats, centrats en tres àrees fonamentals de la cadena de valor: construcció, entrega interna de vivenda, i entrega de vivenda a l'usuari final.
Luna Villarreal, K. (2017). Indicadores de desempeño en empresas promotoras constructoras de vivienda. El caso de México [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/90447
TESIS

Water is an essential resource from an environmental, biological, economic or social point of view. In basin management, the irregular distribution in time and in space of this resource is well known. This issue is worsened by extreme climate conditions, generating drought periods or flood events. For both situations, optimal management is necessary. In one case, different water uses should be supplied efficiently using the available surface and groundwater resources. In another case, the most important goal is to avoid damages in flood areas, including the loss of human lives, but also to optimize the revenue of energy production in hydropower plants, or in other uses. The approach presented in this thesis proposes to obtain optimal management rules in water resource systems. With this aim, evolutionary algorithms were combined with simulation models. The first ones, as optimization tools, are responsible for guiding the process iterations. In each iteration, a new management rule is defined in the simulation model, which is computed to comprehend the situation of the system after applying this new management. For testing the proposed methodology, four evolutionary algorithms were assessed combining them with two simulation models. The methodology was implemented in four real case studies. This thesis is presented as a compendium of five manuscripts: three scientific papers published in journals (which are indexed in the Journal Citation Report), another under review, and the last manuscript from Conference Proceedings. In the first manuscript, the Pikaia optimization algorithm was combined with the network flow SIMGES simulation model for obtaining four different types of optimal management rules in the Júcar River Basin. In addition, the parameters of the Pikaia algorithm were also analyzed to identify the best combination of them to use in the optimization process. In the second scientific paper, the multi-objective NSGA-II algorithm was assessed to obtain a parametric management rule in the Mijares River basin. In this case, the same simulation model was linked with the evolutionary algorithm. In the Conference manuscript, an in-depth analysis of the Tirso-Flumendosa-Campidano (TFM) system using different scenarios and comparing three water simulation models for water resources management was developed. The third published manuscript presented the assessment and comparison of two evolutionary algorithms for obtaining optimal rules in the TFM system using SIMGES model. The algorithms assessed were the SCE-UA and the Scatter Search. In this research paper, the parameters of both algorithms were also analyzed as it was done with the Pikaia algorithm. The management rules in the three first manuscripts were focused to avoid or minimize deficits in urban and agrarian demands and, in some case studies, also to minimize the water pumped. Finally, in the last document, two of the algorithms used in previous manuscripts were assessed, the mono-objective SCE-UA and the multi-objective NSGA-II. For this research, the algorithms were combined with RS MINERVE software to manage flood events in Visp River basin minimizing damages in risk areas and losses in hydropower plants. Results reached in the five manuscripts demonstrate the validity of the approach. In all the case studies and with the different evolutionary algorithms assessed, the obtained management rules achieved a better system management than the base scenario of each case. These results usually mean a decrease of the economic costs in the management of water resources. However, comparing the four algorithms assessed, SCE-UA algorithm proved to be the most efficient due to the different stop/convergence criteria and its formulation. Nevertheless, NSGA-II is the most recommended due to its multi-objective search focus on the enhancement of different objectives with the same importance where the decision makers can make the best decision for the management of the system.
El agua es un recurso esencial desde el punto de vista ambiental, biológico, económico o social. En la gestión de cuencas, es bien conocido que la distribución del recurso en el tiempo y el espacio es irregular. Este problema se agrava debido a condiciones climáticas extremas, generando períodos de sequía o inundaciones. Para ambas situaciones, una gestión óptima es necesaria. En un caso, el suministro de agua a los diferentes usos del sistema debe realizarte eficientemente empleando los recursos disponibles, tanto superficiales como subterráneos. En el otro caso, el objetivo más importante es evitar daños en las zonas de inundación, incluyendo la pérdida de vidas humanas, pero al mismo tiempo, optimizar los beneficios de centrales hidroeléctricas, o de otros usos. El enfoque presentado en esta tesis propone la obtención de reglas de gestión óptimas en sistemas reales de recursos hídricos. Con este objetivo, se combinaron algoritmos evolutivos con modelos de simulación. Los primeros, como herramientas de optimización, encargados de guiar las iteraciones del proceso. En cada iteración se define una nueva regla de gestión en el modelo de simulación, que se evalúa para conocer la situación del sistema después de aplicar esta nueva gestión. Para probar la metodología propuesta, se evaluaron cuatro algoritmos evolutivos combinándolos con dos modelos de simulación. La metodología se implementó en cuatro casos de estudio reales. Esta tesis se presenta como un compendio de cinco publicaciones: tres de ellas en revistas indexadas en el Journal Citation Report, otra en revisión y la última como publicación de un congreso. En el primer manuscrito, el algoritmo de optimización Pikaia se combinó con el modelo de simulación SIMGES para obtener reglas de gestión óptimas en la cuenca del río Júcar. Además, se analizaron los parámetros del algoritmo para identificar la mejor combinación de los mismos en el proceso de optimización. El segundo artículo evaluó el algoritmo multi-objetivo NSGA-II para obtener una regla de gestión paramétrica en la cuenca del río Mijares. En el trabajo presentado en el congreso se desarrolló un análisis en profundidad del sistema Tirso-Flumendosa-Campidano utilizando diferentes escenarios y comparando tres modelos de simulación para la gestión de los recursos hídricos. En el tercer manuscrito publicado se evaluó y comparó dos algoritmos evolutivos (SCE-UA y Scatter Search) para obtener reglas de gestión óptimas en el sistema Tirso-Flumendosa-Campidano. En dicha investigación también se analizaron los parámetros de ambos algoritmos. Las reglas de gestión de estas cuatro publicaciones se enfocaron en evitar o minimizar los déficits de las demandas urbanas y agrarias y, en ciertos casos, también en minimizar el caudal bombeado, utilizando para ello el modelo de simulación SIMGES. Finalmente, en la última publicación se evaluó el algoritmo mono-objetivo SCE-UA y el multi-objetivo NSGA-II. Para esta investigación, los algoritmos se combinaron con el software RS MINERVE para gestionar los eventos de inundación en la cuenca del río Visp minimizando los daños en las zonas de riesgo y las pérdidas en las centrales hidroeléctricas. Los resultados obtenidos en las cinco publicaciones demuestran la validez del enfoque. En todos los casos de estudio y, con los diferentes algoritmos evolutivos evaluados, las reglas de gestión obtenidas lograron una mejor gestión del sistema que el escenario base de cada caso. Estos resultados suelen representar una disminución de los costes económicos en la gestión de los recursos hídricos. Comparando los cuatro algoritmos, el SCE-UA demostró ser el más eficiente debido a los diferentes criterios de convergencia. No obstante, el NSGA-II es el más recomendado debido a su búsqueda multi-objetivo enfocada en la mejora, con la misma importancia, de diferentes objetivos, donde los tomadores de decisiones pueden sel
L'aigua és un recurs essencial des del punt de vista ambiental, biològic, econòmic o social. En la gestió de conques, és ben conegut que la distribució del recurs en el temps i l'espai és irregular. Este problema s'agreuja a causa de condicions climàtiques extremes, generant períodes de sequera o inundacions. Per a ambdúes situacions, una gestió òptima és necessària. En un cas, el subministrament d'aigua als diferents usos del sistema ha de realitzar-se eficientment utilitzant els recursos disponibles, tant superficials com subterranis. En l'altre cas, l'objectiu més important és evitar danys en les zones d'inundació, incloent la pèrdua de vides humanes, però al mateix temps, optimitzar els beneficis de centrals hidroelèctriques, o d'altres usos. La proposta d'esta tesi és l'obtenció de regles de gestió òptimes en sistemes reals de recursos hídrics. Amb este objectiu, es van combinar algoritmes evolutius amb models de simulació. Els primers, com a ferramentes d'optimització, encarregats de guiar les iteracions del procés. En cada iteració es definix una nova regla de gestió en el model de simulació, que s'avalua per a conéixer la situació del sistema després d'aplicar esta nova gestió. Per a provar la metodologia proposada, es van avaluar quatre algoritmes evolutius combinant-los amb dos models de simulació. La metodologia es va implementar en quatre casos d'estudi reals. Esta tesi es presenta com un compendi de cinc publicacions: tres d'elles en revistes indexades en el Journal Citation Report, una altra en revisió i l'última com a publicació d'un congrés. En el primer manuscrit, l'algoritme d'optimització Pikaia es va combinar amb el model de simulació SIMGES per a obtindre regles de gestió òptimes en la conca del riu Xúquer. A més, es van analitzar els paràmetres de l'algoritme per a identificar la millor combinació dels mateixos en el procés d'optimització. El segon article va avaluar l'algoritme multi-objectiu NSGA-II per a obtindre una regla de gestió paramètrica en la conca del riu Millars. En el treball presentat en el congrés es va desenvolupar una anàlisi en profunditat del sistema Tirso-Flumendosa-Campidano utilitzant diferents escenaris i comparant tres models de simulació per a la gestió dels recursos hídrics. En el tercer manuscrit publicat es va avaluar i va comparar dos algoritmes evolutius (SCE-UA i Scatter Search) per a obtindre regles de gestió òptimes en el sistema Tirso-Flumendosa-Campidano. En dita investigació també es van analitzar els paràmetres d'ambdós algoritmes. Les regles de gestió d'estes quatre publicacions es van enfocar a evitar o minimitzar els dèficits de les demandes urbanes i agràries i, en certs casos, també a minimitzar el cabal bombejat, utilitzant per a això el model de simulació SIMGES. Finalment, en l'última publicació es va avaluar l'algoritme mono-objectiu SCE-UA i el multi-objetiu NSGA-II. Per a esta investigació, els algoritmes es van combinar amb el programa RS MINERVE per a gestionar els esdeveniments d'inundació en la conca del riu Visp minimitzant els danys en les zones de risc i les pèrdues en les centrals hidroelèctriques. Els resultats obtinguts en les cinc publicacions demostren la validesa de la metodología. En tots els casos d'estudi i, amb els diferents algoritmes evolutius avaluats, les regles de gestió obtingudes van aconseguir una millor gestió del sistema que l'escenari base de cada cas. Estos resultats solen representar una disminució dels costos econòmics en la gestió dels recursos hídrics. Comparant els quatre algoritmes, el SCE-UA va demostrar ser el més eficient a causa dels diferents criteris de convergència. No obstant això, el NSGA-II és el més recomanat a causa de la seua cerca multi-objectiu enfocada en la millora, amb la mateixa importància, de diferents objectius, on els decisors poden seleccionar la millor opció per a la gestió del sistema.
Lerma Elvira, N. (2017). Assessment and implementation of evolutionary algorithms for optimal management rules design in water resources systems [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/90547
TESIS

Una nuova generazione di nanogels (NGs) in poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) è stata ottenuta mediante beta–irraggiamento (e-beam) ad alta energia mediante elettroni accelerati, che permette in tempi brevi la reticolazione di polimeri in soluzione acquosa, utilizzando acceleratori di particelle lineari. Oltre al controllo dimensionale, l’aspetto innovativo di tale tecnica è la possibilità di ottenere nanogels sterili, la cui funzionalizzazione di superficie avviene in un unico step. Inizialmente, è stata provata la loro biocompatibilità e non genotossicità in sistemi biologici, caratteristiche fondamentali per la loro applicazione in campo biomedico. Inoltre, sono stati messi a punto dei protocolli per la bioconiugazione delle nanoparticelle con diverse molecole, grazie alla presenza dei gruppi amminici e carbossilici reattivi presenti sulla loro superficie. Dopo aver coniugato i nanogels con delle sonde fluorescenti (isotiocianato di fluoresceina e ammino-fluoresceina), è stata valutata l’affinità dei nanogels per i sistemi biologici in vitro, verificando la loro capacità di oltrepassare le membrane biologiche. La famiglia di nanogels funzionalizzati con gruppi amminici è stata bioconiugata con un anticorpo monoclonale fluorescente, in grado di riconoscere e legare la glicoproteina di membrana CD44. Per riuscire ad avere un’attività di “addressing” sito-specifico, tali nanoparticelle sono state coniugate con l’anticorpo monoclonale fluorescente anti-beta3, che riconosce l’integrina alpha v-beta3. Tramite wound-healing assay su cellule endoteliali ECV304 è stato dimostrato il targeting attivo mediato da tali nanoparticelle. Inoltre, è stato dimostrato che il meccanismo di internalizzazione dei nanogels preferenziale sfrutta la macropinocitosi. Per quanto riguarda la famiglia di nanogels funzionalizzati con gruppi carbossilici, questi sono stati ingegnerizzati per il rilascio controllato di un farmaco chemioterapico, ossia la Doxorubicina. Il meccanismo d’azione pensato, sfrutta l’aumento dei livelli di glutatione presente nel citoplasma delle cellule tumorali, che risulta essere superiore rispetto a quello presente nelle cellule normali. L’efficenza del sistema proposto è stata studiata su cellule MC3T3-E1 non tumorali e su cellule Hela tumorali. Infine, sono stati fatti esperimenti preliminari di coniugazione dei nanogels con acidi nucleici, seguiti da studi di riconoscimento enzimatico, per un futura applicazione dei nanogels in terapie basate sul silenziamento genico.

Principal purpose of regenerative medicine for the cardiac tissue is to find the best way to inoculate stem cells in a specific myocardial area damage, improving their homing, integration and survival. To achieve this goal, the field of biomaterials is important to bypass this obstacles, modulating the environment for implanted cells and enhance CSC function in the heart. Biomaterials can mimic or include naturally occurring extracellular matrix and instruct stem cell function in different ways: promoting angiogenesis, enhancing stem cell engraftment and differentiation, and accelerating electromechanical integration of transplanted cells. The aim of this thesis was to assess whether the properties of three-dimensional polymer matrices in synthetic biomaterial such as polylactic acid and in natural origin as silk fibroin, if and how influence differentiative process of stem cells cardiac c-kit +. Another point considered was been the evaluation of expression of cardiac markers and sarcomeric proteins of cells isolated, inoculated in different types of scaffold and maintained in colture for 21gg in vitro and analyzed in RT-PCR and Real-time quantitative RT–PCR analysis. Also it was analyzed the immunogenicity of the scaffold when implanted in the dorsal subcutaneous region of nude mice, nude rats and SCID mice in order a possible use in vivo in the cardiac regeneration. These experiments showed a myocardial-like differentiation, in which the CSCs acquired a muscle-like shape, with the formation of initial intercalated disks, and a striated-like myofilament organization. In results shown below highlights evidence of an higher degree of differentiation using 3D scaffold for CSCs c-Kit+ that can be induced to differentiate definitely into cardiomyocytes thanks to three-dimensional culture of the scaffold, where is possible an environment similar to a cardiac niche in vivo.

Las aminas biógenas se localizan en alimentos relacionados con procesos de fermentación, maduración o degradación (cerveza, queso, pescado, vino,...). Desempeñan un importante papel en su calidad organoléptica, siendo también claros exponentes de las características tecnológicas e higiénico-sanitarias de los procesos a los que han sido sometidos en su elaboración.
El objetivo fundamental de esta Tesis Doctoral ha sido investigar cuál es el rol que la cromatografía líquida de alta resolución y la extracción en fase sólida pueden desempeñar en el establecimiento de métodos de control analítico de aminas biógenas en vinos.
La estructura general de la memoria está dividida en dos partes, correspondiendo la primera de ellas a la introducción teórica de los apartados relacionados con el desarrollo de los métodos optimizados y aplicados en la parte experimental de la tesis, y que constituyen la segunda parte de ella.
Todos los métodos descritos están publicados en revistas de reconocido prestigio internacional, dando lugar a un total de siete artículos de interés científico.

Cette étude descriptive vise à explorer les relations entre les déterminants de la santé, les données socio-démographiques et le point de services par rapport à l'utilisation du test Papanicolaou par les femmes autochtones de la région du Nipissing. L'échantillon se compose de 76 femmes autochtones et métis qui ont répondu à un questionnaire oral téléphonique ou face à face. Il y a des relations significatives entre l'utilisation du test Pap, tel que mesuré par la fréquence d'utilisation et le moment du dernier et du prochain test, et les déterminants de la santé et le point de services. Les résultats peuvent servir de tremplin pour des études ultérieures servant à améliorer la planification des soins de santé pour les femmes autochtones.

This thesis discusses the results of experimental tests on two post-tensioned timber core-walls, tested under bi-directional quasi-static seismic loading. The half-scale two-storey test specimens included a stair with half-flight landings. Multi-storey timber structures are becoming increasingly desirable for architects and building owners due to their aesthetic and environmental benefits. In addition, there is increasing public pressure to have low damage structural systems with minimal business interruption after a moderate to severe seismic event. Timber has been used extensively for low-rise residential structures in the past, but has been utilised much less for multi-storey structures, traditionally limited to residential type building layouts which use light timber framing and include many walls to form a lateral load resisting system. This is undesirable for multi-storey commercial buildings which need large open spaces providing building owners with versatility in their desired floor plan. The use of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) panels for multi-storey timber buildings is gaining popularity throughout the world, especially for residential construction. Previous experimental testing has been done on the in-plane behaviour of single and coupled post-tensioned timber walls at the University of Canterbury and elsewhere. However, there has been very little research done on the 3D behaviour of timber walls that are orthogonal to each other and no research to date into post-tensioned CLT walls. The “high seismic option” consisted of full height post-tensioned CLT walls coupled with energy dissipating U-shaped Flexural Plates (UFPs) attached at the vertical joints between coupled wall panels and between wall panels and the steel corner columns. An alternative “low seismic option” consisted of post-tensioned CLT panels connected by screws, to provide a semi-rigid connection, allowing relative movement between the panels, producing some level of frictional energy dissipation.

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The maintenance of an aircraft carrier's tanks and voids has a direct impact on ship operability and service life. The scheduling of inspections and repair work for these tanks and voids poses a significant problem for the carrier maintenance community. This thesis contributes to refining strategy in the repair planning process by providing the framework for building comprehensive tank and void database files. To demonstrate this, repair history files are constructed for USS John F. Kennedy (CV 67) and USS Enterprise (CVN 65). These files consolidate tank and void repair documentation from the myriad of carrier maintenance agencies and comprise the most complete database for these ships. A simliar database can be developed for all the carriers by duplicating this effort. A life cycle analysis of the data reveals that paint coating failure rates are more srmilar among tanks and voids on the same ship rather than among tanks of the same flinctional type. A case study for CV-67 examines model accuracy and predicts the expected number of coating failures at a filture maintenance period. The lessons learned in this thesis directly supports a follow on study of the JP-5 tanks on the Nimitz class aircraft carriers.

In this study the focus was on the use of play in the pastoral care of traumatized primary school children who lost a parent due to death. From the basic-theoretical research (chapters 2 and 3) it was clear that the guide- lines found in Deut 6:6 – 9 can be used by parents to convey information regarding death to their children. In Mark 10:13 - 16, Jesus' actions in everyday life emphasized the importance of children. If Jesus loved the marginalised and healed them, then He will also heal children from emotional hurt after the death of a parent. Paul showed in 1 Cor 9:19 - 23 that he followed the example set out by Jesus. He (Paul) removed all unnecessary obstacles in order to serve people at their own level. He did not compromise his values, but approached people on their level of understanding. In 1 Cor 13:11 Paul acknowledges the fact that children function in a different way than adults and that they therefore should be approached in a different way. In Zech 8:5, there is also a clear indication of the role of play in the lives of children. As death is a normal part of life, children will need to process the death of a parent through “play”. In chapter 3 a literature study was done that focused on the historical development of pastoral care of children. From this literature study it was clear that a strong relationship with a child, as well as knowledge regarding the child’s development and experience of trauma, are of critical importance. It was further found that play is a suitable methodology with regard to pastoral care with children. In this regard, there is tremendous potential in the use of stories and biblical narratives within the therapeutic environment. The meta-theoretical section (chapters 4 and 5) focused on contributions from the auxiliary sciences. Here, it appeared that the development phase of the primary school child has a particular role in their handling of the death of a parent. Attention was also given in particular to the impact of trauma in this regard on the brain. Furthermore, the origin and history of play therapy, as well as its use during the care taking process of children was investigated. During the empirical research in chapter 5 a proposed model that contains elements of play combined with a pastoral approach, was preliminarily tested to determine whether it could successfully be used during the care taking process of traumatized primary school children. In the practice theoretical section (chapter 6), through a hermeneutical interaction between the basic theoretical and meta-theoretical perspectives an attempt was made to formulate a practice theoretical model relating to the use of play as a tool in the process of pastoral care of the traumatized primary school child as a result of the death of a parent. The practice-oriented model is as follows: Session 1: Build a relationship. Session 2: The expansion of the relationship and the gathering of information. Session 3: Help with storms of life and emotions. Session 4: Examine all aspects of the funeral. Session 5: Discussion of changes. Session 6: Making of a memory box. Session 7: Giving hope to the child. The researcher is aware that there are no exact or correct steps to guide a child after the death of a parent. This model is simply a framework through which play, the unique language of children, can be combined with a pastoral approach to meaningfully guide emotionally wounded and traumatized children.
Thesis (PhD (Pastoral studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 172-179).
Metal forming by a moving heat source is an efficient and economical method for forming flat metal plates into doubly curved shapes. This thesis proposes an FEM model for three dimensional thermo-mechanical simulation of the process of shell forming by line heating. Since the heat flux is focused on a small area under the heat source, a rezoning technique is developed to reduce computation time in three-dimensional numerical simulation. This involves dynamic remeshing of the metal plate so that the area directly under the heat source is densely meshed while other areas are sparsely meshed. A simplified model is also developed which is based on semi-analytical thermal analysis and idealization of plastic zone during line heating. This simplified model is useful in real-time control of the forming process since the computation time can be greatly reduced. The two thermo-mechanical models lead to a better understanding of the line heating mechanism and more accurate and efficient prediction of the deformation of metal plates. Based on these two models, parametric studies of the edge effects, heat input, heat source velocity, spot size, heat loss coefficients, etc. are performed, and nondimensional parameters which control the bending angle are derived. Finally, an algorithm for surface development for heating path planning is developed. This algorithm minimizes the strains from the doubly curved surface to its planar development. Compared with conventional surface development methods, this algorithm takes into account the characteristics of the process of forming by line heating. This surface development algorithm lays the basis for heating path determination. Based on the developed algorithms and models, we will be able to not only determine the heating paths, but also determine the heating conditions which are necessary to form an initial flat plate into a doubly curved plate. These are critical for automation of the metal forming process.
by Guoxin Yu.
Ph.D.

Les gestionnaires des ventes peuvent se servir de modèles de décision pour répartir de façon optimale les ressources marketing entre les produits et territoires. Ces modèles sont des équations mathématiques qui représentent la façon dont les ventes réagissent aux efforts marketing et peuvent être calibrés à partir de données objectives ou subjectives. Little (1971) affirme que les données subjectives sont plus efficaces parce qu'elles contiennent toute l'expérience des gestionnaires. À partir des recommandations de Little, Lodish (1971) a développé le modèle CALLPLAN afin d'aider les gestionnaires à répartir le temps de visites des représentants entre les clients ou les produits, de façon à maximiser les profits de l'entreprise. Pour calibrer ce modèle, les utilisateurs doivent utiliser les cinq données suivantes : les ventes prévues si aucune visite n'est effectuée, les ventes prévues avec une réduction de 50% des visites actuellement effectuées, les ventes actuelles, les ventes prévues si le nombre de visites est augmenté de 50% et les ventes prévues en effectuant un nombre infiniment grand de visites. Nous avons constaté que les modèles de répartition se basent tous sur les mêmes données pour estimer les paramètres des fonctions de réponse des ventes et que la valeur de ces données n'a jamais été évaluée empiriquement. Cette étude visait donc à évaluer la valeur des données subjectives utilisées dans la procédure d'estimation des paramètres du modèle CALLPLAN. À l'aide de simulations de jugements sur ordinateur, nous avons vérifié si la procédure d'estimation, telle que proposée par Lodish, peut être améliorée. Nous avons trouvé en essayant différentes combinaisons de cinq points, qu'effectivement la combinaison de Lodish n'est pas la meilleure pour estimer adéquatement les paramètres du modèle CALLPLAN. Quand la fonction de réponse des ventes est à priori en forme de S, les points utilisés devraient être les suivants ; les ventes prévues si aucune visite n'est effectuée (min), les ventes actuelles, les ventes prévues si un nombre infiniment grand de visites est effectué (max), les ventes prévues avec le nombre de visites qui correspond au point d'inflexion (P.l.) de la fonction de réponse et les ventes prévues avec le nombre de visites qui correspond à la mi-distance du point d'inflexion et du niveau de ressource min. Quand la fonction de réponse est à priori concave, la combinaison de points utilisée devrait être ; les ventes prévues si aucune visite n'est effectuée, les ventes actuelles, les ventes prévues si un nombre infiniment grand de visites est effectué, les ventes prévues en réduisant au quart le nombre de visites actuellement effectué et les ventes prévues en diminuant de 50% le nombre de visite actuellement utilisé. Nous avons également observé que les jugements concernant les ventes minimales et les ventes maximales influencent grandement les estimés. Nous avons donc trouvé un moyen d'atténuer leur impact en calculant des estimés moyens générés par les jugements individuels d'un groupe déjugés.

Mestrado em Ciências Empresariais
A transiçao da Era da Informação para a Era do Conhecimento destacou a importância do Conhecimento nas Organizações. Por muitos autores considerado como um recurso importante para a obtençao de vantagem competitiva, o fluxo de conhecimento depende do comportamento dos colaboradores em partilhar este recurso. Caracterizado pela sua importância atual no contexto empresarial pretendeu-se obter uma perceção junto das organizações sobre a temática. Neste estudo pretendemos perceber de que forma é percecionada a partilha de conhecimento no colaboradores, que vantagens associadas se caracteriza, que fatores a estimulam e, por fim, de que forma o clima organizacional se perceciona como influente na acção de partilha. Desta forma, procedeu-se a utilização de 139 inquéritos para recolha de informação junto das organizações (pequenas e médias empresas) do Concelho de Évora. Os resultados obtidos indicam a existência de uma relação do clima organizacional orientado para a partilha de conhecimento com os diferentes fatores testados.
The transition of the information Age to the Age of knowledge has highlighted the importance of knowledge. By many authors regarded as an important resource for obtaining competitive advantage, the flow of knowledge depends on the behaviour of employees in sharing this feature. Characterized by its current importance in business context, this study was intend to get a perspective from the organizations. In this study we intend to realize how sharing knowledge is perceived by employees, what advantages are associated with it, which factors stimulate sharing knowledge and, finally, how influential the organizational climate is in sharing knowledge behaviour. Therefore, it was use 139 surveys for gathering information from organisations (small and medium-sized enterprises) in the municipality of Évora. The results obtained indicate the existence of a relationship of organizational climate-oriented knowledge sharing with the different factors tested.

Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autor
Demuestra la importancia de desarrollar los factores académicos profesionales del docente universitario como un referente pilar en la formación profesional docente de calidad. Las exigencias actuales relacionan la profesión docente con la mejora de la calidad del sistema educativo. Es, fundamentalmente, una demanda que hacen los usuarios del servicio educativo a los sistemas en su conjunto. Implica cambio, mejora y transformación de las prácticas que se han anquilosado con el paso del tiempo y que requiere identificar aquellos aspectos que es necesario renovar, mejorar o fortalecer, con la finalidad de responder a las expectativas de los usuarios. Permite definir los principios y objetivos del proceso de transformación y, por lo tanto, se constituye como eje en la toma de decisiones. Al iniciar cualquier proceso de mejora de la profesión docente se debe precisar explícitamente qué se entiende por calidad en el ejercicio que todos los miembros implicados tengan claro qué significa y en palabras sencillas “que todos entendamos lo mismo”. Para el estudio se ha considerado a los estudiantes de la Especialidad de Biología – Química, considerado la formación profesional propia considerando una nueva forma de educar, lo cual se requiere una reconceptualización importante de la profesión docente en el marco de un conocimiento pedagógico, científico y cultural reestructurado. Es decir, la nueva era requiere un profesional de la educación distinto. Por todo lo anterior consideramos que el trabajo que realizan los docentes es un elemento fundamental para la transformación y para el desarrollo educativo, pero también uno de los obstáculos más grandes si no se les considera y atiende adecuadamente. Finalmente lo que interesa es resaltar que los estudios sobre la profesión docente se han enfocado en el trabajo que desarrollan las instituciones, específicamente el trabajo que realizan en sus instituciones y en la identificación de los problemas que afectan la calidad del servicio. Pocas han sido las investigaciones centradas en la profesión en sí misma. Por esa razón interesa conformar una línea de investigación conjunta sobre la profesión docente y fortalecer las temáticas de los enfoques actuales y tendencias de la profesión docente y el estado de la cuestión.
Tesis

Upper Jurassic Cuesta is a specific landform – a ridge that defines the border between the Silesian Upland and the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland. Its characteristic feature is a large diversity of environmental conditions, mainly due to its geological structure and geographical extent. The plant cover of this area has not been studied so far, only fragments of this area have been surveyed (Szczypek, Wika 1995, Babczyńska-Sendek, Barć 2009, Babczyńska-Sendek et. al 2014; Babczyńska-Sendek et. al 2015). Due to the specific environmental features of this ridge, a large diversity of flora and vegetation was expected, thus detailed phytosociological and floristic studies were undertaken. A total of 263 phytosociological relevés were performed and 201 floristic inventories were carried out. Moreover, 73 soil samples were collected and analyzed. The classification of phytosociological data set was made using the TWINSPAN analysis. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) was used in order to identify the key environmental variable influencing the diversity of vegetation. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to determine the relationship between vegetation and soil properties. The vegetation was analyzed in terms of phytocoenotic and functional diversity, as well as in terms of occurring disturbances. The Z Disturbance Index (Kącki 2012) was used for this analysis. Floristic diversity was investigated in the 16 designated research sections, and the synthesis of the data was made in relation to three main parts of the studied area (northern, central and southern). In the studied area 23 vegetation units were identified (communities and associations). The largest share in the vegetation cover were Molinio-Arrhenatheretea meadows communities (31% of all phytocoenoses studied), Festuco-Brometea grasslands (23%) and Rhamno-Prunetea shrubs (18%). The most common plant community in this area was Pruno-Crataegetum (16%). The vegetation diversity was reflected in the diversification of its functional structure. The most important functional traits, which distinguish studied plant communities, were selected. For forest vegetation they were among others: SLA, seed mass and share of competitors; and for non-forest vegetation, among others: share of species with different life strategies, plant height, type of reproduction and seed mass. It was shown that the studied environmental variables explain 24% of variation of the cuesta vegetation. The main vegetation changes indicators of the studied area are: share of plants with a competitive strategy; share of low (less than 30 cm), erosulate and semi-rosette species; and small seeds plants. A total of 682 vascular plant species were found in the area of Upper Jurassic cuesta. The vast majority are native plants. The floristically richest is ‘Włodowice’ research sections, where 357 species of vascular plants were found, which constitutes 51% of the entire flora of this area. The core of flora in particular parts of the cuesta is similar, significant differences between them were demonstrated in the case of the participation of the most valuable elements of flora and species belonging to various sociological and ecological groups. The most valuable elements of the flora of this area were among others: 1 species from the Polish Red Book of Plants: Orobanche bartlingii, 29 species of the Polish red list of ferns and flower plants, 135 threatened species of the Silesian Province and 46 species covered by legal protection. Two species (Silaum silaus and Carex michelii) reach the limit of their natural range in this area. Five natural habitats of European importance were identified in the studied area. Based on the research findings, the most valuable fragments of vegetation were identified and protective recommendations were specified.

Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are effective for surveillance and monitoring, but struggle with persistent, long-term tracking, especially without GPS, due to limited flight time. Persistent tracking can be accomplished using multiple vehicles if one vehicle can effectively hand off the tracking information to another replacement vehicle. This work presents a solution to the moving-target handoff problem in the absence of GPS. The proposed solution (a) a nonlinear complementary filter for self-pose estimation using only an IMU, (b) a particle filter for relative pose estimation between UAS using a relative range (c) visual target tracking using a gimballed camera when the target is close to the handoff UAS, and (d) track correlation logic using Procrustes analysis to perform the final target handoff between vehicles. We present hardware results of the self-pose estimation and visual target tracking, as well as an extensive simulation result that demonstrates the effectiveness of our full system, and perform Monte-Carlo simulations that indicate a 97% successful handoff rate using the proposed methods.

Ministerial advisers have become part of the standard advisory arrangements in Westminster governments, yet there is disagreement about their roles and behaviour. In Australia, some academic work has considered their involvement in scandals like the 2001 children overboard affair and the 1993 sports rorts controversy. However, the focus on exceptional events means advisers’ everyday roles and conduct have not been given sufficient weight and those conclusions are therefore distorted. This paper finds that ministers exert a dominant influence over their advisers’ behaviour and that advisers continue to see themselves as agents of their ministers. Based on interviews with four Rudd government ministers and their advisers, the research shows advisers have strong norms of behaviour and that formal and informal accountability mechanisms operate to constrain their conduct. Advisers are not ‘out of control’ or operating in a ‘black hole of accountability’ as often claimed

Os quadros interativos têm vindo a ganhar importância na nossa sociedade, tanto a n vel empresarial como, e sobretudo, a nivel escolar. Esta tecnologia tem sido uma forte aposta para a educacão na maioria dos paí ses europeus, sendo que em Portugal só recentemente esse facto começou a ser visível, apesar do elevado investimento que ainda representa. Surge, então, a necessidade de utilizar tecnologias alternativas de baixo custo e que ofereçam os mesmos níveis de desempenho dos quadros interativos tradicionais; ## Abstract The interactive whiteboards have been gaining importance in our society, both as a business and especially at school level. This technology has been a strong commitment to education in most European countries, and in Portugal this fact has only recently started to be visible, even despite the high investment still represents. Then comes the need to use alternative technologies low cost and which o ers the same performance levels of traditional interactive whiteboards.