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Burak Ozdemir, Melih, Senem Gurkan, and Yashar Barut. "9-11 Year Old Students’ Perception of Violence Reflected in Their Drawings." Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 21, no. 2 (July 2018): 50–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2018.21.2.50.
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Violence, which can be defined as any threat towards the physical and psychological integrity of a human being, can result in fear, anxiety and severe behavior problems on children, whether exposed or witnessed. In this study, it is planned to achieve children’s perception of violence expressed by drawing and obtaining data in this way. In this study, the type of violence children portray in their drawings, how they determine to portray characteristics who perpetrate violence and are exposed to it as well as how is applied are analyzed. To measure how children perceive the violence, they were asked to draw a picture describing the ones who use violence and the ones who are exposed to violence. The pictures, drawn by children who participated in the study, were examined from a semantic perspective and content analysis method was adopted on the pictures. The research was conducted in Samsun province in the middle socio-economic level, with total of 53 students, 27 girls and 26 boys between the ages of 9-11 who were randomly selected representing two schools. Drawings were examined according to the issues they portrayed and then, semantic and content analysis was applied. In the children’s drawings, it is shown that the violence of adults is reflected more. These findings indicate that child to child violence, domestic violence, war, adult to child violence, adults to animal violence and terrorism is portrayed respectively. Generally, males are portrayed in the drawings. Drawn illustrations show that children are aware of the growing violence in their environmental. Raising the children in nonviolent social environment seems important for their healthy development. We can say that drawing, which is a simple tool for exploring the children’s inner world, can be used by all professionals responsible for children education.
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Zarabadipour, Mahdieh, Mehrnaz Makhlooghi Sari, Alireza Moghadam, Benyamin Kazemi, and Monirsadat Mirzadeh. "Effects of Educational Intervention on Dental Plaque Index in 9-Year-Old Children." International Journal of Dentistry 2022 (October 25, 2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7339243.
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Background and Aim. Oral hygiene is a quintessential part of our health. Effective oral hygiene training should be commenced from early childhood, and if completed, yields positive results in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of oral hygiene training on dental plaque index in 9-year-old children of Qazvin city, Iran. Methods. 119 students of third-grade elementary (65 girls and 54 boys) from government and private schools of Qazvin city participated. The dental plaque index of every participant was primarily recorded by Silness and Loe method. Students were trained by a dental student by face-to-face method, and after 2 weeks, dental plaque indices were recorded again for every individual. After index recording and coding, data analysis was done using SPSS version 21. Results. Results showed that the dental plaque index was statistically significantly different before and after training ( p < 0.001 ). Conclusion. Based on the results of this study, students’ motivation in addition to proper training, can have a significant impact on oral and dental health. Furthermore, this study shows that face-to-face training along with involving the individual in training and learning was seen as quite helpful.
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Yong, Flordeliza, Hee-Kit Wong, and Khuan-Yew Chow. "Prevalence of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis among Female School Children in Singapore." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 38, no. 12 (December 15, 2009): 1056–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v38n12p1056.
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Introduction: Screening for scoliosis started in Singapore schools in 1982 and is currently being done for both boys and girls, as part of the annual school-based health screening programme in all primary and secondary schools. The screening levels in the current protocol were based on the 1997 prevalence study by Wong et al. In the study, it appeared that there was a significant increase in prevalence rates between 9- and 11-year-old girls (i.e. between Primary 4 and Primary 6) but there was no data on the prevalence rates of scoliosis in 10-year-old girls (Primary 5) and in 12-year-old girls (Secondary 1). In order to decide on whether to make changes to the screening levels, a review was conducted to determine the prevalence of scoliosis among the 10-year-old girls (in Primary 5) and 12-year-old girls (in Secondary 1). Materials and Methods: A total of 93,626 female students, aged between 9 and 13 years old were screened. The study covered all of the 183 primary schools and only 83 of the 165 secondary schools due to a disruption of health screening in schools during the outbreak of SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome). In mid-2003, schools in Singapore were closed because Singapore was one of the countries af-fected by SARS. Scoliosis screening was done for all female students in the Primary 4, 5 and 6 levels as well as in the Secondary 1 and 2 levels. Male students were routinely screened for scoliosis in the Primary 6 and Secondary 2 levels. Scoliosis screening was done by measuring the angle of trunk rotation (ATR) using a scoliometer. All students with ATR ≥5° were referred to the Student Health Centre (SHC) where second-tier screening was done. At SHC, if ATR ≥5°, postero-anterior radiograph of the spine was done. Of the 3186 female students in the primary level, aged between 9 and 13 years old who were referred to SHC for the second-tier screen-ing, 2438 attended, and for secondary students aged between 12 and 13 years old, 1587 out of 1720 students attended. Results: The prevalence rates of idiopathic adolescent scoliosis for the 9- to 13-year-old female students were 0.27%, 0.64%, 1.58%, 2.22% and 2.49%, respectively, which showed an increasing trend in the prevalence rates with increasing age. There was a significant increase in the prevalence rates of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in the 10- to 11-year-old females compared to the 9-year-old females (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.4; P = 0.010). There was also a significant increase in the prevalence rates in the 12- to 13-year-old females (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.4-3.3; P = 0.001). Conclusions: The study showed a significant increase in the prevalence rates of scoliosis in the 10- to 11-year-old female students and again a significant increase in the prevalence rates in the 12- to 13-year-old female students. Since the prevalence rate for the 9-year-old females was quite low (0.27%), and there was a significant increase in the prevalence rates in the 10- to 11-year-old and 12- to 13-year-old females, it was recommended that screening for females be performed every year commencing at 10 years old (Primary 5) until 13 years old (Secondary 2).
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Landerl, Karin, Anna Bevan, and Brian Butterworth. "Developmental dyscalculia and basic numerical capacities: a study of 8–9-year-old students." Cognition 93, no. 2 (September 2004): 99–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2003.11.004.
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Raninen, Jonas, Michael Livingston, Mats Ramstedt, Martina Zetterqvist, Peter Larm, and Johan Svensson. "17 Is the New 15: Changing Alcohol Consumption among Swedish Youth." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (January 31, 2022): 1645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031645.
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To examine and compare trends in drinking prevalence in nationally representative samples of Swedish 9th and 11th grade students between 2000 and 2018. A further aim is to compare drinking behaviours in the two age groups during years with similar drinking prevalence. Data were drawn from annual surveys of a nationally representative sample of students in year 9 (15–16 years old) and year 11 (17–18 years old). The data covered 19 years for year 9 and 16 years for year 11. Two reference years where the prevalence of drinking was similar were extracted for further comparison, 2018 for year 11 (n = 4878) and 2005 for year 9 (n = 5423). The reference years were compared with regard to the volume of drinking, heavy episodic drinking, having had an accident and quarrelling while drunk. The prevalence of drinking declined in both age groups during the study period. The rate of decline was somewhat higher among year 9 students. In 2018, the prevalence of drinking was the same for year 11 students as it was for year 9 students in 2005. The volume of drinking was lower among year 11 students in 2018 than year 9 students in 2005. No differences were observed for heavy episodic drinking. The decline in drinking has caused a displacement of consumption so that today’s 17–18-year-olds have a similar drinking behaviour to what 15–16-year-olds had in 2005.
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Kowalik-Paluch, Katarzyna. "Nature in Metaphors as a Manifestation of the Creativity of 9-Year-Old Students. Research Reports." Prima Educatione 3 (February 10, 2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/pe.2019.3.73-86.
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<p>Celem artykułu było ukazanie przyrody w wypowiedziach metaforycznych uczniów w wieku 9 lat. Jako metody badawcze zastosowano narracje oraz wywiad narracyjny. Prezentowane wyniki badań są częścią większego projektu badawczego przeprowadzonego na potrzeby rozprawy doktorskiej pt. „Doświadczanie wartości estetycznych w kontakcie z przyrodą uczniów kończących edukację wczesnoszkolną”. Metafory tworzone przez dziecko są przejawem kreatywności, bogatej wyobraźni i swobody posługiwania się językiem. Metafora jest niejako symbolem „przejścia” między światem rzeczywistym a indywidualnym światem wyobraźni dziecka. W artykule przedstawiono fragmenty narracji badanych uczniów ukazujące ich możliwości metaforyczne wykorzystane do opisu przyrody i doświadczeń przyrodniczych.</p>
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Roche, James W. "Reader Reflections." Mathematics Teacher 90, no. 9 (December 1997): 691–767. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.90.9.0691.
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Zayneev, M. M., R. G. Biktemirova, A. V. Krylova, O. P. Martyanov, and T. L. Zefirov. "The effect of dosed isometric exercise on the respiratory system parameters change in second grade male students." Kazan medical journal 94, no. 4 (December 15, 2013): 496–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1957.
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Aim. To study the respiratory system adaptive reactions to dosed isometric load in 9 years old boys during the academic year. Methods. Pulmonary function parameters change at rest and their response to isometric load were measured repeatedly in 38 second grade male students during the academic year (October, February, May). An automated cardiopulmonologic AD-03M complex was used to perform the pulmonary tests. The dosed isometric load was applied using a hand-held dynamometer at 50% from maximal grip strength within a minute. Correlation analysis of the measured parameters was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test. Results. The comparative analysis of the respiratory system parameters in 9 years old boys during the academic year showed the increase in pulmonary volumes and lung function at rest. Dosed isometric load caused decrease in lung function tests and lung function reserves. An increased reactivity and decreased profitability of pulmonary system reactions was observed in 9 years old boys by the end of the second school year as a response to isometric load. Conclusion. The respiratory system of second grade male students is not well adapted for isometric load leading to its over-functioning at the end of the academic year.
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Littlecott, Hannah J., Graham F. Moore, Laurence Moore, Ronan A. Lyons, and Simon Murphy. "Association between breakfast consumption and educational outcomes in 9–11-year-old children." Public Health Nutrition 19, no. 9 (September 28, 2015): 1575–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980015002669.
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AbstractObjectiveBreakfast consumption has been consistently associated with health outcomes and cognitive functioning in schoolchildren. Evidence of direct links with educational outcomes remains equivocal. We aimed to examine the link between breakfast consumption in 9–11-year-old children and educational outcomes obtained 6–18 months later.DesignData on individual-level free school meal entitlement and educational outcomes (Statutory Assessment Tests (SATs) at Key Stage 2) were obtained via the SAIL databank and linked to earlier data collected on breakfast consumption. Multilevel modelling assessed associations between breakfast consumption and SATs.SettingTrial of the Primary School Free Breakfast Initiative in Wales.SubjectsYear 5 and 6 students, n 3093 (baseline) and n 3055 (follow-up).ResultsSignificant associations were found between all dietary behaviours and better performance in SATs, adjusted for gender and individual- and school-level free school meal entitlement (OR=1·95; CI 1·58, 2·40 for breakfast, OR=1·08; CI 1·04, 1·13 for healthy breakfast items). No association was observed between number of unhealthy breakfast items consumed and educational performance. Association of breakfast consumption with educational performance was stronger where the measure of breakfast consumption was more proximal to SATs tests (OR=2·02 measured 6 months prior to SATs, OR=1·61 measured 18 months prior).ConclusionsSignificant positive associations between self-reported breakfast consumption and educational outcomes were observed. Future research should aim to explore the mechanisms by which breakfast consumption and educational outcomes are linked, and understand how to promote breakfast consumption among schoolchildren. Communicating findings of educational benefits to schools may help to enhance buy-in to efforts to improve health behaviours of pupils.
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Fitria, Nila, and Atria Farastiwi. "Efforts to Improve English Speaking Ability of Five to Six-Years-Old Bilingual School Students Through Hand Puppet Media." Al-Athfaal: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini 4, no. 1 (May 20, 2021): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/ajipaud.v4i1.8340.
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This classroom action research was motivated by the five to six-year-old students’ low English speaking ability in bilingual schools, especially in pronouncing, adding vocabulary, and forming sentences. This research aims to improve the English language skills of five to six-year-old students using hand puppets. This research was conducted from April 9 to May 4, 2018, at the TK IT Al Ikhlas Islamic Bilingual School by employing Kemmis's and Mc Taggart’s model in two cycles with three meetings each. The subjects of this research consisted of twelve students (seven males and five females). Based on the research results, there was an increase in English language skills through hand puppet media. In conclusion, the factors affecting students’ English speaking skills are familiar vocabulary, clear and easy to imitate teacher's pronunciation, exciting and varied media, and opportunities for them to use hand puppets while imitating the teacher. The researchers concluded that the hand puppet media could improve the five to six-year-old students' language skills.
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Rodriguez, James, and David Castro. "Changing 8-9 Year-Old Pupil’s Mental Representations of Light: A Metaphor Based Teaching Approach." Asian Education Studies 1, no. 1 (March 3, 2016): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/aes.v1i1.30.
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<p>This research paper examines the role that teaching mediation plays in the destabilization and reconstruction of representations of the concept of light among primary education students. It investigates their comprehension of light as an entity that is transferred autonomously of the light source and the receiver. This problem has been studied with two groups of 8-9 year-old children. The experimental group (E.G) participated in a teaching process that aimed to lead pupils to the construction of a model compatible to the scientific own; the control group (C.G) followed traditional teaching methods. In all experimental situations studied the difference between pre-test and post-tests was significant for the subjects of the experimental group both at the level of explaining the light as independent entity and at the level of the stability of cognitive acquisitions. </p>
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Eden, Ece, Melis Akyildiz, and Işıl Sönmez. "Comparison of Two School-Based Oral Health Education Programs in 9-Year-Old Children." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 39, no. 3 (December 21, 2018): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272684x18819980.
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This study evaluated the effectiveness of two school-based oral health education (OHE) programs on the oral health knowledge and behavior and oral hygiene of 9-year-old children in Turkey. The study included 1,053 school children aged 9 years in Aydin, Turkey. This study was a prospective, two-arm, and parallel-group clinical trial between two different OHE programs. The dentist group received one lecture on OHE given by dentists in the classroom. The teacher group had a similar lecture given by school teachers, including supporting materials which were available throughout the academic year. Oral health knowledge and behavior were evaluated with a questionnaire at baseline, and then at 1 and 6 months. In total, 110 students were randomly selected to undergo a plaque accumulation assessment according to the Silness–Löe Index at baseline and 1 month later to determine the effects of the education programs on oral hygiene. At baseline, tooth-brushing frequency was similar in the study groups. Compared with baseline, the frequency of brushing increased significantly after 1 and 6 months in both groups ( p < .001). Teacher education was more effective for teaching correct brushing techniques ( p < .001). A significant decrease in plaque accumulation has been evaluated in both study groups at the 1-month examination after the education session ( p < .05). Both OHE programs were found to generate improvements in knowledge and behavior of children on oral health and plaque control in the short term.
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Giguère, Marie-Hélène, and Rebeca Aldama. "Les homophones grammaticaux, portrait actuel des occurrences et des taux de réussite chez des élèves de 9 à 12 ans." Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics 22, no. 2 (September 11, 2019): 133–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1067311ar.
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This study aims to describe occurrences of homophone words and frequencies of grammatical homophone errors in 119 free texts of 9 to 12-year-old Quebec students from a list of 22 series of homophones. This analysis made it possible to confirm that grammatical homophones are widely used by students, but that, considering all the possibilities in the different series, they are more successful than we had anticipated. Thus, our results made it possible not only to establish a current portrait of the homophone words spontaneously used by 9 to 12-year-old students in their texts, but also to identify constants in the successes (related to the frequency). Some syntactic contexts were also analyzed to identify priority areas to work on for teachers. Finally, our study identifies areas of vulnerability among students based on three factors: gender, age, and socio-economic background. The discussion concludes with recommendations for teaching grammatical categories.
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Alshiha, Sattam A., Hessa M. Alwayli, Mohammed A. Hattan, Yazeed K. Alfraih, Abdullah A. Alamri, and Mohammed S. Aldossary. "Prevalence of Dental Caries among Elementary School Girls in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Survey." Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry 11, no. 2 (2017): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10062-0007.
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ABSTRACT Aim To assess caries prevalence among 6- to 9-year-old female children in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and compare between results based on nationality and age levels. Materials and methods A total of 17,891 female students from 120 public female elementary schools in Riyadh city were examined according to the World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria. The decayed [dt], missing due to caries [mt], and filled [ft] primary teeth (dmft) index and its components were measured. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Student's t-test, and Chi-squared test were used to determine the significance differences, at α = 0.05. Results The overall mean [dt] for all children was 3.89 [standard deviation (SD) 3.38], which increased to 5.0 (SD 3.02) when excluding children without active caries. The mean dmft was 5.69 (SD 4.0). However, excluding children with dmft = 0, the mean dmft was raised to 6.41 (SD 3.65). The caries prevalence was 88.82%. The non-Saudi children showed slightly higher values compared with Saudi children. However, statistically, there were only significant differences in values of [dt] mean, dt = 0, and [ft] mean (p < 0.05). The dmft index was higher for 7- to 8-year-old group (5.81, SD 3.98) followed by the 8- to 9-year-old group (5.79, SD 3.79) and the 6- to 7-year-old group (5.47, SD 4.18). However, there were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) between 7- to 8-year-old and 8- to 9-year-old children. The 6- to 7-year-old children were statistically different from the 7- to 8 and 8- to 9-year-old children. Conclusion The dental caries prevalence among the study population was high, with the majority of children having untreated caries. This highlights the need for initiating deliberate community-based preventive measures for improvement in public health education and services provided. How to cite this article Alshiha SA, Alwayli HM, Hattan MA, Alfraih YK, Alamri AA, Aldossary MS. Prevalence of Dental Caries among Elementary School Girls in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Survey. J Oral Health Comm Dent 2017;11(2):29-33.
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Thabrew, Hiran, Harshali Kumar, Mary Goldfinch, Alana Cavadino, and Felicity Goodyear-Smith. "Repeated Psychosocial Screening of High School Students Using YouthCHAT: Cohort Study." JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting 3, no. 2 (October 26, 2020): e20976. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/20976.
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Background Psychosocial problems are common during adolescence and can have long-lasting effects on health and on academic and social functioning. YouthCHAT, an electronic HEEADSSS (home, education, eating, activities, drugs and alcohol, suicide and depression, sexuality and safety)-aligned instrument, has recently been demonstrated to be an acceptable and effective school-based psychosocial screener for 13-year-old (Year 9) high school students. Objective This study aims to compare acceptability and detection rates with repeated YouthCHAT screenings of high school students when they are 13 years old (Year 9) and 14 years old (Year 10). Methods We invited all Year-10 students to complete a YouthCHAT screening in 2018. Rates of positively identified issues were compared between the subset of students screened in both 2017 and 2018. Student acceptability toward YouthCHAT was investigated through focus group sessions. Onward clinical referral rates in 2018 were also investigated to explore the potential referral burden following screening. Data analysis for rates of positively identified issues were conducted with the McNemar test. Chi-square, Fisher exact test, and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze the focus group data. Results Of 141 eligible Year-10 students, 114 (81%) completed a YouthCHAT screening during 2018, and 97 (85%) of them completed it for a second time. Apart from depression, which increased (P=.002), and perceived life stress, which decreased (P=.04), rates of identified issues were broadly similar between 13 and 14 years of age. Repeated screenings via YouthCHAT was acceptable to students and time-efficient (mean, 6 minutes and 32 seconds) but did not reduce the overall number of individuals with identified issues. Onward clinical referrals from positive screens were mostly managed by school-based health services without the need for external referrals. Conclusions Although further evaluation is needed, our results support the value of YouthCHAT as an acceptable and effective instrument with which to achieve routine identification of psychosocial issues and early intervention within a high school environment.
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Mendoza-Castejón, Daniel, and Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez. "Autonomic Profile, Physical Activity, Body Mass Index and Academic Performance of School Students." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 19, 2020): 6718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176718.
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The aim of this study was to analyze the autonomic modulation, physical activity, body mass index, and academic performance of preschool and school students by grade. Extracurricular physical activity, heart rate variability, body mass index, and objective and subjective academic performance were analyzed in 180 preschool and primary school students (7.91 ± 2.29 years). Significant lower heart rate and higher parasympathetic modulation were found in 10–12-year-old primary education students. The 8–9-year-old students obtained the worst results in English and in five of the subjective academic performance items. Students aged 10–12 years old presented the highest body composition values. No significant differences were found on the extracurricular physical activity by age. No correlation between autonomic profile, physical activity, and body composition with objective academic performance was found. Nerveless subjective academic performance perception of teachers presented a negative correlation with body composition and the parasympathetic modulation. School students presented an increased body mass index and parasympathetic modulation by age. Physical activity of all students, independently of the age, were lower than the official recommendations.
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Hintz, Eric G., Maureen L. Hintz, and M. Jeannette Lawler. "Prior Knowledge Base Of Constellations And Bright Stars Among Non-Science Majoring Undergraduates And 14-15 Year Old Students." Journal of Astronomy & Earth Sciences Education (JAESE) 2, no. 2 (November 30, 2015): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jaese.v2i2.9515.
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As part of an effort to improve students’ knowledge of constellations and bright stars in an introductory level descriptive astronomy survey course, we measured the baseline knowledge that students bring to the class and how their score evolve over the course of the semester. This baseline is needed by the broader astronomy education research community for future comparisons about which strategies and environments are the best for learning the stars and constellations. As a comparison group, we also examined the baseline knowledge of 14-15 year old, 9<sup>th</sup> grade students from the United States. 664 university students averaged 2.04±0.08 on a constellation knowledge survey, while 46 additional students averaged higher at 8.23±0.23. The large, lower scoring group is found to have the same knowledge level as the 14-15 year old 9<sup>th</sup> grade students which scored 1.79±0.13. The constellations most often identified correctly were Orion and Ursa Major. For the star portion of the survey, which was only given to the university students, we found essentially no statistically significant prior knowledge for the 17 brightest stars surveyed. The average score for the stars was 1.05±0.05, as expected for guessing, although Polaris and Betelgeuse are labeled correctly more often than any other stars.
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Honarmand, Marieh, Ramin Saravani, and Ahmad Arabpoor. "Assessment the correlation of Morning Nutrition and Demographic Factors with Dental Caries in 9-year-old Students in Zahedan city." journal of research in dental sciences 17, no. 4 (March 1, 2020): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/jrds.17.4.312.
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S. Javina , MAED, Freddie. "STUDENTS AWARENESS AND PERFORMANCE INPHILIPPINE FOLK DANCES." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 01 (January 31, 2021): 730–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12350.
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This research aimed to determine the students level of awareness and performance in folk dance that served as basis of developing program for promotion of folk dancing skills in Bitin National High School for the school year 2017 to 2018.The descriptive research was used in the study using the Grade 9 students of Bitin National High School as the respondents. A self-made questionnaire and rubrics for dance performance were used to describe the level of awareness and dance performance skills of the respondents. Mean and standard deviation and Pearson r correlation using an alpha level of .05 were used as the statistical tools.The study revealed the following findings. Majority were 15 years old (90), followed by 14 years old (65), 16 years old (53), 17 years old (23) and the least 18 years old (10) with total number of 241.The over-all mean of 3.30 shows that the students are Moderately Interested about Philippine folk dances. For the Level of awareness of the students to folk dance related variables. In terms of the following variables: objectives, has an over-all mean (OM) of 3.30, strategies (OM=3.71), skills in folk dancing (OM=3.77), availability of dance materials (OM=2.88), and training (OM=3.12) were all interpreted as Moderately Aware. While exposure to Philippine folk dances (OM=3.43) shows that the students are somewhat awareto Philippine folk dances. Only the competence of the dance instructor was rated highly aware.With regard to the performance of the Grade 9 students in folk dancing fundamental skills, for the three categories given: poise and grace, timing and rhythm, interpretation of literature, most of the respondents were rated as Moderately Aware.The Correlation of folk-dance awareness variables as to poise and grace shows No Significant Correlation to folk dancing fundamental skills. The second category for folk dancing fundamental skills, timing and rhythm shows Negligible Correlation to folk dance awareness variables. The third category which is the interpretation of literature also shows Negligible Correlation to folk dance awareness related variables.
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Teo, Lynette LS, Sudhakar K. Venkatesh, Poh Sun Goh, and Vincent FH Chong. "A Survey of Local Preclinical and Clinical Medical Students’ Attitudes towards Radiology." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 39, no. 9 (September 15, 2010): 692–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v39n9p692.
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Introduction: This study compares the attitudes between preclinical and clinical medical students towards radiology, following the introduction of a new radiology curriculum for 1st year students. Materials and Methods: Revision of the 1st year medical school curriculum for the academic year of 2008/9 with the inclusion of 13 one-hour formal radiology lectures integrated with each body system was done in an undergraduate Southeast Asian medical school. In the old curriculum, 1st and 2nd year medical students are not exposed to radiology. They received limited radiology teaching in their 3rd and 5th years with 2 one-hour lectures as part of their medicine and surgery rotations. In the 4th year, they have a one week non-examinable posting in radiology. A survey was administered to preclinical (new curriculum) and clinical (old curriculum) students. Survey responses were tabulated and attitudes between preclinical and clinical students were compared. Results: More than half of the preclinical students (155 out of 270 students, 59%) and 90 out of 720 clinical students (12.5%) responded. Students exposed to the new curriculum had attended one or two dedicated radiology lectures and were considering radiology as a clinical elective. Both groups of students did not feel familiar with radiology as with other specialties, were not considering radiology as a career, but felt that radiology was interesting and important to the overall practice of medicine. Conclusions: Exposure of 1st year students to radiology increases their interest in the subject. Further intervention, fi ne-tuning of the curriculum and follow-up surveys will be carried out to see if this interest persists throughout their clinical years. Keywords: Curriculum, Medical Schoo1, Undergraduate
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Özsu, İlbilge. "Effects of 6-Week Resistance Elastic Band Exercise on Functional Performances of 8-9 Year-Old Children." Journal of Education and Training Studies 6, no. 12a (December 17, 2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i12a.3887.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 6-week exercises performed by elastic resistance band on functional performance (balance, agility, hand grip strength and flexibility) in children aged 8-9 years. So, 102 students participated in this study according to pre-test and post-test design. Participants were divided into two groups: experimental group (n=50, height: 134.0 ± 6.3 cm, mass: 30.9 ± 7.9 kg, age: 8.6 ± 0.5 years) and control group (n=52, height: 135.0 ± 6.2 cm, mass: 32.4 ± 5.9 kg, age: 8.6 ± 0.6 years). The experimental group performed exercises using elastic resistance bands of lightness grade at the same time of day (45 minutes/day, 3 days/week), and the control group did not participate in any physical activity. Balance was measured by Flamingo Test, agility by Ilinois, flexibility by sit and reach box and strength was measured by hand-grip dynamometer. It was determined that 6-week exercises performed by elastic resistance band increased significantly the hand grip strength; however there was no statistically significant effect on balance, agility and flexibility abilities.The inclusion of elastic resistance band exercises in the context of school activity programs can improve children's strengths. For this reason, exercises performed by elastic resistance bands for more than 6 weeks can be added to activity programs in school as an economical, fun and reliable way to improve the hand-grip performance of children.
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Kabilmiharbi, N., and T. Santhirasegaram. "A Study on Relationship Between Carrying Schoolbags and The Prevalence of Neck and Back Pain Among 7 – 9 Year Old Students." MATEC Web of Conferences 87 (December 12, 2016): 02013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20178702013.
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Irigoyen, M. E., and G. Sánchez-Hinojosa. "Changes in Dental Caries Prevalence in 12–Year–Old Students in the State of Mexico after 9 Years of Salt Fluoridation." Caries Research 34, no. 4 (2000): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000016606.
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Peterson, Amy K., Teresa A. Ukrainetz, and RJ Risueño. "Speaking like a scientist: A multiple case study on sketch and speak intervention to improve expository discourse." Autism & Developmental Language Impairments 6 (January 2021): 239694152199860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2396941521998604.
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Purpose This descriptive multiple case study examined the effects of a contextualized expository strategy intervention on supported and independent note-taking, verbal rehearsal, and reporting skills for three elementary students with language disorders. Method Two 9-year-old fourth grade students and one 11-year-old sixth grade student with language disorders participated. The intervention was delivered as sixteen individual 20-minute sessions across nine weeks by the school speech-language pathologist. Students learned to take written and pictographic notes from expository texts and use verbal formulation and rehearsal of individual sentences and whole reports in varied learning contexts. To explore both emergent and independent accomplishments, performance was examined in final intervention session presentations and pre/post intervention testing. Results Following the intervention, all three students effectively used notes and verbal rehearsal to prepare and present fluent, organized, accurate, confident oral reports to an audience. From pre- to post-test, the students showed a range of improvements in the quality of notes, use of verbal rehearsal, holistic quality of oral and written reporting, and strategy awareness. Conclusions Sketch and Speak shows potential as an expository intervention for students who struggle with academic language learning. The results support further examination of this intervention for supported strategy use by younger students and independent use by older students.
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Bateman, Blair, Michael Child, and Eliane Berlendis Bueno. "A focus on language in the immersion language arts curriculum." Journal of Immersion and Content-Based Language Education 8, no. 2 (August 10, 2020): 200–229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jicb.18031.bat.
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Abstract Grounded in research on explicit and implicit knowledge and on the role of conscious awareness in language learning, this interpretive case study examined the efforts of one Portuguese teacher to implement a focus on language within a language arts curriculum based on literary genres with a class of fourth grade (9-year-old) students over the course of an academic year. The study found that lessons on authentic literary texts provided a meaningful context for calling students’ attention to nominal and verbal agreement patterns in Portuguese. By the end of the year, students’ nominal and verbal agreement had improved dramatically on a written test, but only their nominal agreement had improved significantly in an unstructured interview, although they had begun to use a greater variety of verb forms. Students were also able to correct many of their own errors and to use metalinguistic terminology to explain the language patterns involved.
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Barros, Daniel P. M., Diego A. C. Santana, Thaíse K. L. Costa, Ana K. F. T. C. Pereira, and Amira R. C. Medeiros. "Kahoot!’s contribution to immediate learning feedback for anatomy students." European Journal of Anatomy 26, no. 1 (January 2022): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.52083/nceh9192.
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Kahoot! is a popular game-based learning platform. This study aims to investigate whether there is a relationship between Kahoot! score and student’s grade in the traditional examination (GTE), and to understand their perception about the use of this platform. A cross-sectional study was developed in the Human Anatomy course, which is divided into 5 topics of systemic anatomy (TSA). 5-question quizzes about the taught subject were given at the end of 66.7% of the lectures. 53 students who participated in at least one of the quizzes were included. In each TSA, students were subjected to a traditional examination (GTE, scale 0-10) and the mean of Kahoot! scores (MKS, scale 0-6000) was calculated, totalizing 190 independent observations. An opinion questionnaire was given at the course’s end. Spearman’s test analyzed the correlation between MKS and GTE; area under the ROC curve (AUC) evaluated MKS’s ability to predict GTE; chi-square test verified the association between the categorical variables. There was a positive moderate correlation between MKS and GTE (rho=0.43, p<0.001). MKS performed regularly to predict GTE≥9 (AUC=0.734). 67.8% of the students in the MKS≥3000 group obtained GTE≥9, versus only 28.0% in the MKS<3000 group (p<0.001). Amongst the <20-year-old students, 83.3% agreed that Kahoot! was important to motivate them as they studied, versus 52.4% in the ≥20-year-old group (p=0.041). Kahoot!’s score can provide immediate feedback about the student’s learning process, and it serves as a parameter to predict their final performance. The motivation to use Kahoot! can be influenced by the students’ age.
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Adamczewska, Katarzyna, Marzena Wiernicka, Ewa Kamińska, Joanna Małecka, Agata Dąbrowska, and Ewa Malchrowicz-Mośko. "Annual Observation of Changes in the Angle of Trunk Rotation. Trunk Asymmetry Predictors. A Study from a Scoliosis Screening in School Adolescents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (March 14, 2020): 1899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061899.
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Adolescent forms of idiopathic scoliosis are commonly encountered deformities of the thoracic and lumbar spine. They affect a significant number of adolescents, yet their cause is still unknown. The presented research is a cross-sectional analysis of 3933 volunteers (2131 girls and 1802 boys). The participants were primary school students aged 9 to 13 years old. This study determined a relationship between predictors such as: body mass, body height and body mass index (BMI) (independent variables) and angle of trunk rotation (ATR) value (dependent variable). Moreover, a stepwise multiple regression with backward selection was conducted to determine to what extent the dependent variable is explained by body mass, body height and BMI. In the group of 11,12,13-year-old girls, the analyzed results of multiple stepwise regression were statistically significant. Among the all studied predictors, it has been shown that body mass in the 11-year-old girls and body height in 12- and 13-year-old girls are major correlates of a 1-year ATR increase in proximal and main thoracic spine levels.
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Herzog, Jerneja, and Matjaž Duh. "The State of Art Appreciation among Nine- and Ten-Year-Old Students in Slovenian Primary Schools." Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal 10, no. 4 (December 22, 2020): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.26529/cepsj.935.
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In the contemporary process of teaching fine arts, the students’ own creative expression and art appreciation are used to encourage learners towards both perception and reception; consequently, the evaluation and internalisation of works of art play an equally important role. In art education practice, we manage to provide adequate incentives and are able to follow incentives for artistic expression, but pay less attention to developing art appreciation. This research presents the results of a study that monitored the development of art appreciation abilities among 9- and 10-year-old students (4th and 5th grades; n = 2794) in Slovenian primary schools. The level of art appreciation abilities was rather average, but was more developed among older students and girls. In monitoring the school stratum, we did, however, notice a statistically significant difference regarding perception, whereby students in urban schools performed better than their peers in suburban schools.
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Aimran, Wan Mohd, and Wan Mohd Kamil. "Astronomy in The Malaysian National School Syllabus." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 15, S367 (December 2019): 353–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921321000247.
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AbstractThis is a preliminary survey of astronomy topics incorporated into the Malaysian national school syllabus. Topics directly relevant to astronomy are situated within the general science subject from Year 4 (age 10 years old) until Year 9 (age 15 years old) and are grouped under four main themes: Earth-Sun-Moon system, the Solar System, Stars, and Exploration of Outer Space. Contemporary topics such as exoplanets and astrobiology are not explicitly mentioned, but students are required to engage in hypothetical thinking by speculating on planetary diversity and its implications for life in the Universe. We characterize the astronomy content in the Malaysian national school syllabus to be life-centric and relatively open-ended.
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Demirci, Nevzat, Pervin Toptaş Demirci, and Erdal Demirci. "The Effect of School-based Exercise Practices of 9-11 Year Old Girls Students on Obesity and Health-related Quality of Life." Universal Journal of Educational Research 5, no. 8 (August 2017): 1323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2017.050805.
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Trombetta, C., G. Savoca, S. Siracusano, and E. Belgrano. "Prevalence and incidence of enuresis before puberty." Urologia Journal 63, no. 1 (February 1996): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039156039606300101.
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— A mixed study of prevalence and incidence of enuresis carried out at schools in the province of Sassari was planned over a 2-year period. 734 children aged between 3 and 11 years from 3 schools representative of the urban, suburban and rural areas of Sassari, were selected by “cluster” sampling. In this first stage of the project a study of prevalence on children aged 3, 6 and 9 years was carried out. The second stage encompassed a 2-year longitudinal study on those selected in the first stage and provided incidence data pertinent to children aged 4, 7 and 10 years. At the end of the second year of follow-up incidence data relative to children aged 5, 8 and 11 years will be available. Information about children's families and possible urologic disease was collected by means of a questionnaire. Urologic examination then followed. Cross sectional study. In the 73 children aged 3 years, who attended nursery schools, 7 cases of enuresis (9.6%) were ascertained. In the 306 6-year-old children of the first year of primary school, 22 cases of enuresis (7.2%) were observed. In the 355 9-year-old students of the fourth year of primary school, 10 cases (2.8%) were reported. Focusing on the geographical origin of the students, we observed 11 cases of enuresis (5.2%) in cluster I (suburban quarter), 11 cases (6.3%) in cluster II (urban area), and 17 cases (4.9%) in cluster III (rural area). Follow-up. No case of enuresis was observed among the nursery school children (aged 4 years); 2 new cases (0.7%) were ascertained in the 7-year-old group. In the group of children aged 10, only 1 new case (0.57%) was encountered. Taking into account the results of every single cluster, we observed 2 new cases (0.99%) in cluster I, one (0.61%) new case in cluster II and no cases in cluster III. Prevalence of enuresis reached 5.3% in the whole sample, showed a progressive decrease from the younger to the older age group (9.6% in 3-year-olds; 7.2% in 6-year-olds and 2.8% in 9-year-olds), with a clear though not significant male predominance. When data were analysed according to geographical “clusters” a higher prevalence of enuresis was observed among subjects living in the urban area (cluster II). Our results did not differ significantly from those collected by other Authors in similar surveys (Bloom 1993).
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Tangkelangi, Marni. "CORRELATION OF MALNUTRITION, WORM INFECTION, PARENTS, INCOME AND KNOWLEDGE ON ANEMIA PREVALENCE AMONG 6-9 YEAR OLD STUDENTS OF LILIBA INPRES ELEMENTARY SCHOOL." Indonesian Journal of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology 1, no. 1 (April 4, 2019): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33086/ijmlst.v1i1.896.
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Anemia in school–age children will not only cause harm to health but also will have impact on students learning achievement. Thus, anemic children will indirectly affect the national development. The aim of this study is to observe the correlation between malnutrition, worm infection, parents income and knowledge on anemia prevalence among 6–9 years old children. The method of this research was a cross sectional study with a simple random sampling technique, consisted of 222 participants from Liliba Inpres Elementary School. This study was done by measuring children Body Mass Indeks (BMI) ––age to measure the z score and compare to WHO Children growth standard, by using microscope examination with direct method for identifying helminthiasis, by using questionaries to measure the parent knowledge and parent income and also by measuring haemoglobin values using POCT Device. The results showed that there are correlations between malnutrition and worm infection on anemia prevalence (p value 0.000). However, there are no correlations between parent’s knowledge (p value 0.469) and parent’s income on anemia prevalence among 6–9 years old children on Liliba Inpres Elementary School (p value 0.606). In conclusion, these findings confirm that malnutrition and worm infection was correlated with anemia prevalence on Liliba Inpres Elementary School Students so that they are advised to manage their nutritional intake and to practice personal hygiene.
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Amiripour, Parvaneh, John Arthur Dossey, and Ahmad Shahvarani. "Using a New Schema Approach with Primary At-Risk Students in Word Problem Solving." Journal of Research in Mathematics Education 6, no. 3 (October 24, 2017): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/redimat.2017.2612.
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This comparative study of two approaches contrasts a schema-based approach to represent a solution approach to solving whole number contextual problems for Grades 2 and 3 with the traditional textbook approach. The participants are 9 to 11-year-old Afghani refugee students enrolled in non-public schools administered by NGO organization in Iran. The subjects have difficulty with grade-level mathematics and have been retained in grade at least one year. Subjects were randomly selected from four classrooms in two schools. The schema-based experimental approach is called the Problem Patterns (PP) approach. Students receiving this instructional approach were taught to break problems into data, units, and desired solution, removing irrelevant information, and make a solution model with manipulatives. Control students followed the traditional classroom approach. All classes were taught by the first researcher. Evaluation results showed the PP students had higher achievement and growth scores than the control students. The results also showed the schema building portion of instruction contributed most to the differences in performance of the experimental groups’ students.
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Shariat, Arghavan. "The Effect of Training Parents in Couples’ Communication Model on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in 4-9 Year-Old Students in Isfaha." International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies 1, no. 2 (October 30, 2013): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.1n.2p.34.
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Kamila, Achalaa, Madhusudan Madaiah, Santhosh Munipapanna, and Suresha Doddasabbenahalli Sonnappa. "Impact of educational intervention in promoting knowledge attitude and practice for prevention of common childhood diseases among 9-11 year old school children in rural Bangalore." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 2 (January 24, 2019): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20190184.
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Background: Children are the most vulnerable and easily influence able part of society and thus when subjected to health education the knowledge they gain and the practices they develop are more likely to stay with them throughout their life hence the study was done to assess the impact of health education among school students.Methods: Educational intervention study was carried out in three primary schools in Hoskote, rural Bangalore among 9-11 years school children. Initial survey was done to assess the KAP levels in 9 to 11 years old school children regarding prevention of common childhood disease and intervention was done using an interactive story board to provide health education and impact of intervention was assessed.Results: The study comprised of 200 students (112 boys and 88 girls). It was found that overall general knowledge and attitude regarding prevention of common childhood diseases was poor among the study participants. Following educational sessions using interactive story board (edutainment) a significant improvement was observed in knowledge and attitude of the students as detected by improved correct response rates.Conclusions: Interactive story board was successful in providing educational intervention in 9 to 11 year old school children which may help to prevent common avoidable childhood diseases.
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valian, Azam, Zahra Jaberi-Ansari, Arash Delshad, and Mohammad Reza Hosseini Kordkheili. "Relationship Between Tooth Decay and Body Mass Index Among 6-12 Year-Old Children in Ilam During 2016-2017." Avicenna Journal of Dental Research 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ajdr.2020.16.
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Background: The prevalence and severity of tooth decay have shown a significant increase in the past 20 years. This study evaluated the relationship between the amount of tooth decay and body mass index (BMI) in 6-12 year-old children in Ilam during 2016-2017. Methods: The population of this cross-sectional study consisted of 270 female and 250 male students in Ilam. Their weight and height and BMI were measured for each individual and the information on the examination of children’s teeth was inserted into relevant tables. Other research data (i.e., dietary habits, oral health instruction, and socioeconomic conditions) were gathered using a valid and reliable questionnaire. Results: There was no significant relationship between the amount of tooth decay and BMI among 6-12 children in Liam. Except for the 11-year-old (n=86) group demonstrating an inverse relationship between dmft and BMI (r = -0.185), an inverse relationship was found between the decay and observation of health although there was a direct relationship between the consumption of sugar materials and tooth decay. Conclusions: The results of the study revealed no significant relationship between the amount of tooth decay and BMI among 6-12 children in Ilam except for 9-year-old and 11-year-old groups.
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Zarogoulidis, P., M. Orfanidis, T. C. Constadinidis, E. Eleutheriadou, T. Kontakiotis, T. Kerenidi, L. Sakkas, N. Courcoutsakis, and K. Zarogoulidis. "A 26-Year-Old Male with Mesothelioma Due to Asbestos Exposure." Case Reports in Medicine 2011 (2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/951732.
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Mesothelioma is a malignancy with poor prognosis, with an average 5-year survival rate being less than 9%. This type of cancer is almost exclusively caused by exposure to asbestos. A long exposure can cause mesothelioma and so can short ones, as each exposure is cumulative. We report a case of a 26-year-old male who was exposed to asbestos during his primary school years from the age of 6 to 12. Although the tumor mainly affects older men who in their youth were occupationally exposed to asbestos, malignant mesothelioma can also occur in young adults. A medical history was carefully taken and asbestos exposure was immediately mentioned by the patient. We conducted biopsy on the right supraclavicular lymph node. The patient was not a candidate for surgery, and chemotherapy treatment was initiated. While patient's chemotherapy is still ongoing, no other similar cases of students or teachers have been traced up to date from his school. The school building was demolished in January 2009.
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Quílez-Robres, Alberto, Nieves Moyano, and Alejandra Cortés-Pascual. "Task Monitoring and Working Memory as Executive Components Predictive of General and Specific Academic Achievements in 6–9-Year-Old Children." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (June 22, 2021): 6681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136681.
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Academic achievement has been linked to executive functions. However, it is necessary to clarify the different predictive role that executive functions have on general and specific academic achievement and to determine the most predictive executive factor of this academic achievement. The relationship and predictive role between executive functions and their components (initiative, working memory, task monitoring, organization of materials, flexibility, emotional control, inhibition, self-monitoring) with academic achievement are analyzed in this study, both globally and specifically in the areas of Language Arts and Mathematics, in 133 students from 6 to 9 years of age. The relationship obtained in Pearson’s correlation analysis does not differ substantially between overall achievement (r = 0.392) and specific achievement (r = 0.361, r = 0.361), but task monitoring (r = 0.531, r = 0.455, r = 0.446) and working memory (r = 0.512, r = 0.475, r = 0.505) had a greater relationship with general and specific achievement. Finally, regression analyses based on correlation results indicate that executive functions predict general academic performance (14.7%) and specific performance (12.3%, 12.2%) for Language Arts and Mathematics, respectively. Furthermore, working memory and task supervision represent 32.5% of general academic performance, 25.5% of performance in Language Arts, and 27.1% of performance in Mathematics. In conclusion, this study yielded exploratory data on the possible executive functions (task supervision and working memory) responsible for good general academic achievements and specific academic achievements in Mathematics and Language Arts.
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Yang, Zhaogeng, Yanhui Li, Peijin Hu, Jun Ma, and Yi Song. "Prevalence of Anemia and its Associated Factors among Chinese 9-, 12-, and 14-Year-Old Children: Results from 2014 Chinese National Survey on Students Constitution and Health." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5 (February 25, 2020): 1474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051474.
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Background: Anemia has been one of the main nutritional challenges around the world. Not enough attention has been paid to this issue in children and adolescents in China. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of anemia among 9-, 12-, and 14-year old Chinese children and investigate the associated factors of anemia. Methods: Data come from a cross-sectional survey conducted in 26 provinces and 4 municipalities in mainland China. A total of 48,537 children aged 9, 12, and 14 years old were included in data analyses. Anthropometric measurements were conducted to obtain information about height and weight. Capillary blood was collected from the fingertip, and hemoglobin concentration was tested by HemoCue201+. Information about sleep duration, daily consumption of eggs, milk, and breakfast were obtained from a self-administrated questionnaire. The mixed-effects logistic regression model was applied to estimate the association between selected variables and risk of anemia. Results: A total of 8.4% of participants were identified as being anemic; and the prevalence was higher in girls and rural children. Mixed-effects logistic regression analysis showed that children who were overweight, obese, and consumed eggs and milk every day had a lower risk of anemia. Spermarche, overweight/obesity, and having milk every day were associated with lower risk of anemia in boys, while menarche was found to be a risk factor and eating eggs every day to be a protective factor of anemia in girls. Conclusions: Anemia among 9-, 12-, and 14-year-old children is still high. Intervention programs of adding egg and milk into school daily diet might contribute to reducing anemia in Chinese school aged children, especially for those living in rural areas or girls with menarche.
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Çalışkan, Osman, and Emin Süel. "Investigation of the psychomotor development levels of girls and boys in the 8 and 9 age groups according to the TGMD-II Test." Journal of Human Sciences 17, no. 4 (December 29, 2020): 1285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v17i4.6104.
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The study aimed to examine the motor development levels of girls and boys in the age group of eight and nine. A total of 120, 3rd and 4th grades students, 60 (30 girls-30 boys) in the eight-year-old age and 60 (30 girls-30 boys) in the nine-year-old age participated to the study. Test of Gross Motor Development-II (TGMD-II) used a measurement method for basic motor skills. SPSS 20 statistical program was used to analyses of the obtained data. In terms of TGMD-II locomotor sub-test scores, object control sub-test scores and TGMD-II total scores, it was determined that the scores of boys and girls in the age group of 9 were significantly higher than the scores of girls and boys in the 8-year-old group (p <0.05). By applying the TGMD-II test, which is widely used in scientific studies, it was aimed to contribute to the formation of norms for Turkish children on the one hand, and to observe basic motor characteristics among students depending on gender and age.
Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.
Özet
Bu çalışmanın amacı; sekiz ve dokuz yaş grubu kız ve erkek çocukların motor gelişim düzeylerinin araştırılmasıdır. Araştırmaya 3.ve 4. Sınıflarda okuyan sekiz yaş grubunda 60 (30 kız-30 erkek), dokuz yaş grubunda 60 (30 kız-30 erkek) olmak üzere 120 öğrenci örneklem olarak katılmıştır. TGMD-II (Kaba Motor Gelişim Testi-II) ölçüm yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 20 istatistik program kullanılmıştır. Test sonuçlarında; TGMD-II lokomotor alt test puanları, obje kontrol alt test puanları ve TGMD-II toplam puanları karşılaştırılmıştır. 9 yaş grubunda kız ve erkek çocukların puanları 8 yaş grubu kız ve erkek çocukların puanlarından anlamlı bir şekilde yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). Bilimsel çalışmalarda yaygın olarak kullanılan TGMD-II testi uygulanarak bir yandan Türk çocukları için normların oluşmasına katkı sağlanırken, diğer yandan öğrenciler arasında cinsiyete ve yaşa bağlı olarak temel motor özellikler gözlenebilecektir.
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Ivanska, O. V. "Increase of the Physical Condition of Female Students by Means of Health Swimming." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 6, no. 5 (October 27, 2021): 473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs06.05.473.
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The purpose of the study was to substantiate the experimental program of sectional classes with the complex use of recreational swimming means for female students of higher education institutions, which is aimed at increasing their physical condition. Materials and methods. Female students of 18-19 years old of higher education institutions took part in the research. During the study such methods were used: theoretical analysis of scientific and methodological literature, summarizing scientific data from modern approaches to the organization of the system of physical education of students of higher education institutions, general physical fitness testing. To assess the level of physical performance, the PWC170 submaximal test and the Rufier-Dixon test were used. Results and discussion. A program of sectional lessons with the integrated use of health-improving swimming means for female students of 18-19 years old of higher education institutions is proposed, which provides for a rational distribution of physical education means and rationing of the volume and intensity of physical activity. It was proved that after the experiment, the examined girls showed a significant (p <0.05) increase in the level of physical performance by 9%, dynamometry of the right hand by 6.5%, strength of the abdominal muscles by 5% and results in agility and flexibility tests, respectively 0.65% and 7%. At the same time, changes in other indicators were not statistically significant. The data indicate the positive influence of health-improving swimming sectional classes on the physical condition of 18-19-year-old female students. Conclusion. The introduction of the developed program of sectional classes with the integrated use of recreational swimming into the system of physical education of 18-19-year-old girl students contributed to a significant improvement of their physical condition. So, at the time of the end of the annual sectional classes according to the author's program, girls in the experimental group were found to have significantly (p <0.05; p <0.01; p <0.001) higher values of their physical performance, physical fitness, functional state of the cardiorespiratory system, physical health. The results obtained in the course of the formative experiment testify to the high efficiency of the developed program of sectional lessons for female students of 18-19 years old with the integrated use of recreational swimming, which gives grounds to recommend it for practical implementation in the system of physical education of students of higher educational institutions
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Yli-Piipari, Sami, and Juha Kokkonen. "An Application of the Expectancy-Value Model to Understand Adolescents’ Performance and Engagement in Physical Education." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 33, no. 2 (April 2014): 250–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2013-0067.
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The study examined the role of motivation in students’ performance and engagement in elementary and middle school physical education. Cross-lagged relationships between performance and engagement were investigated across Grades 6–9. A total of 763 (365 girls, 398 boys) Finnish school students (11- to 12-year old) were followed across three years. Students’ expectancy beliefs, attainment, intrinsic interest, utility value, and effort were measured using self-report questionnaires, whereas grades were retrieved from the school records. The study showed expectancy beliefs and intrinsic interest values to explain performance, whereas attainment values for girls and intrinsic interest value for boys facilitated the engagement. Although girls and boys were differently motivated, these differences were stable across time. This study supports the utility of the Expectancy-Values Model as a framework to understand motivation. We recommend educators to facilitate students’ expectancy beliefs, importance, and intrinsic interest to increase students’ performance and engagement in school physical education.
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Delfino, Jennifer B. "Talking “like a race”: Gender, authority, and articulate speech in African American students’ marking speech acts." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2020, no. 265 (September 25, 2020): 57–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2020-2103.
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AbstractThis study examines how 9- to 13-year old African American students in a Washington, D.C. after-school program use an African American discourse practice called marking to voice adults performing acts of discipline. Using audio-recorded data collected during nine months of ethnographic fieldwork, it shows how students used marking to resemiotize the prestige value of African American Language (AAL) relative to so-called “standard” American English, which is imagined in relation to whiteness as an objectively correct set of linguistic practices. As part of an intersectional raciolinguistic perspective, this study foregrounds how students recruit gender stereotypes to challenge hegemonic ideas about racial and linguistic difference. It also attends to the contradictory nature of everyday acts of resistance: while students transformed hegemonic raciolinguistic ideologies of “articulate” and “appropriate” language in the after school space, they relied on racial and gender stereotypes in order to do so.
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Barry, T., L. Chester, M. Fernando, A. Jebreel, M. Devine, and M. Bhat. "Improving medical student empathy: Initial findings on the use of a book club and an old age simulation suit." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): s894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1821.
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IntroductionEmpathy is critical to the development of professionalism in medical students, but evidence suggests that empathy actually declines over the course of undergraduate medical education.ObjectivesImproving medical student empathy by encouraging students to think about the person behind the illness.MethodsTwo interventions were studied. From December 2015 until November 2016, a fourth year psychiatry medical student book club was conducted. Students were asked to read an autobiography of a lived experience of psychosis. The old age simulation suit aims to simulate the sensory and physical impairments faced by older adults with age related illnesses. A training session provided a transient experience of old age for the students.ResultsForty-four students completed the feedback on the book club. Twenty-eight (64%) stated that they strongly agreed with the statement ‘the book club encouraged me to consider the person behind the illness’. Thirty-nine (89%) stated that after attending the book club their empathy towards people with mental health problems had increased. Eleven students completed full feedback following the old age simulation session. Empathy statements relating to living in an ageing body improved from the pre-test median score of 4 (range 1–7) to a median score of 6 (range 2–8) post-teaching session. Empathy statements focusing on sensory and physical impairments had pre-test score median of 3 (range 1–7) and post-test median 8 (range 3–9).ConclusionsFeedback from these sessions has demonstrated that with a little creativity, empathy training can be delivered to medical students with a positive impact.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Fatmawati, Iin, Andreas Wisnu Pradhan, and Firlia Ayu Arini. "The Association Between Fast-Food Consumption and Physical Activity with Overweight Occurrence at School Among 9-11-Year-Old Children in Cakung Payangan Bekasi." Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat 11, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26553/jikm.2020.11.3.236-246.
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Overweight occurs because of excessive energy intake stored in the form of fat tissue. The national prevalence of overweight and obesity among children aged 5-12 years old was 10.8% and 8.8%, respectively. Several factors are responsible for increasing the prevalence of overweight, including food consumption and physical activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between fast-food consumption and physical activity with the overweight occurrence among school-aged children in Cakung Payangan, Bekasi. This is a cross-sectional study with a total of 80 students recruited through a simple random sampling method. There was a significant association between fast-food consumption and overweight (p = 0.013, CI 95% = 1,420 – 10,977). Also, there was a significant association between physical activity and overweight (p = 0.027, CI 95% = 1,023 – 74,825). Frequent fast-food consumption and mild physical activity have a significant relationship with overweight occurrence among school-aged children.
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Lewis, Christopher Alan, Sharon Mary Cruise, Conor Mc Guckin, and Leslie J. Francis. "TEMPORAL STABILITY OF THE FRANCIS SCALE OF ATTITUDE TOWARD CHRISTIANITY AMONG 9- TO 11-YEAR-OLD ENGLISH CHILDREN: TEST-RETEST DATA OVER SIX WEEKS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 34, no. 9 (January 1, 2006): 1081–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2006.34.9.1081.
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Recently two studies have reported on the test-retest reliability of the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity; however, these studies were limited to samples of university students. This study examined the temporal stability of both the 24- and 7-item versions of the junior version of the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity (Francis, 1978; Francis, Greer, & Gibson, 1991) over a six-week period among a sample of 58 English children aged between 9 and 11 years old. Data demonstrated that stability across the two administrations was very high for both the 24- (r=.74) and 7-item (r=.67) versions, and there was no significant change between Time 1 and Time 2 for either version. These data support the short-term test-retest reliability of both the 24- and 7-item versions of the junior version of the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity among children.
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Ho, Walter King Yan, Md Dilsad Ahmed, Chi Ian Leong, Patrick Chan, Rudolph Leon Van Niekerk, Fan Huang, Haili Tian, et al. "Body Mass Index (BMI) assessment among Macau students: age group differences and weight management strategies." Anthropological Review 80, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 349–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/anre-2017-0025.
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AbstractThere is evidence that rapid weight gain during the first year of life is associated with being overweight later in life. Therefore, overweight tendencies need to be detected at an appropriate age, and suitable strategies need to be implemented for weight management to achieve optimal long-term health. The objective of this study was to investigate comparisons in BMI status and associated categories in male and female students over ten years in two phases, including 2008-2013 and 2009-2014. Weight and height data were collected to obtain BMI (Body Mass Index) over ten years in two phases. The first phase occurred from 2008 to 2013, and the second phase occurred from 2009 to 2014 in a population of 10846 school children (Males: 6970, 64.3%, and females: 3875, 35.7%) in Macau. Their ages ranged from 6 years old in 2008 to 11 years old in 2013. The same age range was observed in the second phase, i.e., 2009-2014. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, such as the mean, standard deviation, t-tests to determine gender differences (year-wise) and a Chi square test for independence to determine the relationship between BMI (Underweight, Standard, Overweight and Obese) and age groups. In the first phase (2008-2013), the findings indicated a higher BMI level among the male students than the female students across all age groups (2008 t = 5.24, 2009 t = 88.25, 2010 t = 11.32, 2011 t = 17.45, 2012 t = 19.70 and 2013 t = 19.92). In the second phase (2009-2014), a higher BMI level was found among the male students than the female students across all age groups (2009 t = 2.68, 2010 t = 2.886, 2011 t = 3.076, 2013 t = 4.228, and 2014 t = 2.405). The results of the two phases combined (2008 to 2014 and 2009 to 2014) revealed that male students in 2008 had a higher BMI level than their counterparts in 2009 in the two age categories (8 years t = 3.025 and 11 years t = 3.377). Female students in the second phase (2009-2014) showed a higher BMI level than their male counterparts (9 years, t = 3.151). The results indicate the need to have focused strategies and structured interventions for male students at the critical age range of 8 to 9 years old. The results of this study also imply the need for the delivery of suitable school intervention activities at the appropriate time. Specifically, the prevention of weight gain should start early in life to encourage the development of healthier behaviours and habits throughout childhood and later ages.
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Vicent, María, Cándido J. Inglés, Ricardo Sanmartín, Carolina Gonzálvez, Beatriz Delgado, and José Manuel García-Fernández. "Spanish Validation of the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale: Factorial Invariance and Latent Means Differences across Sex and Age." Brain Sciences 9, no. 11 (November 6, 2019): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9110310.
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The present study analyzed the psychometric properties of a Spanish translation of the child–adolescent perfectionism scale (CAPS-S), as well as its factorial invariance and latent means differences across sex and age. A sample of 1809 Spanish students of Primary Education, aged between 8 and 11 (Mage = 9.53, SD = 1.11), was used. Confirmatory factor analyses and multigroup confirmatory factor analyses were applied to examine the factor structure of the CAPS-S. The results revealed that a model made up of 13 items structured in 3 factors—Self-Oriented Perfectionism-Striving (SOP-Striving), Self-Oriented Perfectionism-Critical (SOP-Critical), and Socially Prescribed Perfectionism (SPP)—showed a better fit than any of the previously tested models, and it was invariant across sex and age. SOP-Striving did not significantly correlate with school anxiety and aggression, whereas significant and positive correlations were found in the case of SOP-Critical and SPP. The levels of reliability and stability of the scale were ω = 0.91, 0.74, 0.73, and 0.80, and rxx = 0.73, 0.62, 0.73, and 0.74, for the total CAPS-S and for the SOP-Striving, SOP-Critical, and SPP dimensions, respectively. Analysis of latent means differences revealed that boys scored significantly higher than girls in SOP-Critical. The 9-year-olds scored significantly lower in SPP than their 8-year-old peers. Conversely, 11-year-olds scored higher in SOP-Critical than 8-year-olds. In addition, 10- and 11-year-olds scored higher than their 9-year-old peers. The CAPS-S presented in this research is a reliable and valid instrument to assess perfectionism in Spanish child population.
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Goldstein, Howard, Robyn A. Ziolkowski, Kathryn E. Bojczyk, Ana Marty, Naomi Schneider, Jayme Harpring, and Christa D. Haring. "Academic Vocabulary Learning in First Through Third Grade in Low-Income Schools: Effects of Automated Supplemental Instruction." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 60, no. 11 (November 9, 2017): 3237–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_jslhr-l-17-0100.
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PurposeThis study investigated cumulative effects of language learning, specifically whether prior vocabulary knowledge or special education status moderated the effects of academic vocabulary instruction in high-poverty schools.MethodEffects of a supplemental intervention targeting academic vocabulary in first through third grades were evaluated with 241 students (6–9 years old) from low-income families, 48% of whom were retained for the 3-year study duration. Students were randomly assigned to vocabulary instruction or comparison groups.ResultsCurriculum-based measures of word recognition, receptive identification, expressive labeling, and decontextualized definitions showed large effects for multiple levels of word learning. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed that students with higher initial Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test–Fourth Edition scores (Dunn & Dunn, 2007) demonstrated greater word learning, whereas students with special needs demonstrated less growth in vocabulary.ConclusionThis model of vocabulary instruction can be applied efficiently in high-poverty schools through an automated, easily implemented adjunct to reading instruction in the early grades and holds promise for reducing gaps in vocabulary development.
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Astuti, Santi Indra. "Educating Youth Against Tobacco Advertising: A Media Literacy Approach for Reducing Indonesia's Replacement Smokers." Mediator: Jurnal Komunikasi 10, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/mediator.v10i1.2677.
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According to recent data extracted from Global Tobacco Atlas (2015), about 66% Indonesian male aged no less than 15 years old are active smokers. It means 2 among 3 Indonesian male are smokers. The number of young smokers arose significantly. Smokers among 15-19 years old has increased 17 % each year, meanwhile, baby smokers among 5-9 years old has multiplied 400 %. These figures implied the rise of health risk among Indonesians. The tobacco industry tries every year to recruit young people to replace those current smokers who are dying or quitting. This youth being targeted by tobacco industry is called ‘replacement smokers’, and is lured to start smoking through the work of advertising and creative marketing strategy. A study carried out by Health Ministry of Indonesia showed that 70% youth were started to smoke after heavily exposed by cigarette advertising. In order to break tobacco advertising spell, a brand jamming strategy based on media literacy approach was conducted toward junior high school pupils. By educating them about advertising-behind-the scene and challenging them to creatively produce a ‘mocking’ version of popular tobacco ads, students now are capable enough to deconstructing the real message behind tobacco ads.