Journal articles: '9/11 events'

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Munter, Paul. "Events of 9/11 Affect Accounting Standards." Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance 13, no. 3 (March 2002): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcaf.10058.

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Abbas, Tahir. "After 9/11." American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 21, no. 3 (July 1, 2004): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajiss.v21i3.506.

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In light of the events of 9/11 and the subsequent actions and reactions on the part of nation-states in the West and “terrorists” in the East, this paper discusses the concepts of Islamophobia (political and media-manufactured) and multiculturalism in the British context. Rising Islamophobia, state actions, and media reactions to 9/11 have led to changing definitions of the “good multicultural society.” British Muslims are caught in a quagmire: Their loyalties are questioned by a society and polity that is still in the processes of establishing its “Englishness” from its “Britishness,” while growing Islamic political radicalism undermines the already precarious relations between British Muslims and the state.

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Abbas, Tahir. "After 9/11." American Journal of Islam and Society 21, no. 3 (July 1, 2004): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v21i3.506.

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In light of the events of 9/11 and the subsequent actions and reactions on the part of nation-states in the West and “terrorists” in the East, this paper discusses the concepts of Islamophobia (political and media-manufactured) and multiculturalism in the British context. Rising Islamophobia, state actions, and media reactions to 9/11 have led to changing definitions of the “good multicultural society.” British Muslims are caught in a quagmire: Their loyalties are questioned by a society and polity that is still in the processes of establishing its “Englishness” from its “Britishness,” while growing Islamic political radicalism undermines the already precarious relations between British Muslims and the state.

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Haslanger, Sally. "Gender, Patriotism and the Events of 9/11." Peace Review 15, no. 4 (December 2003): 457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1040265032000156762.

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Dekhakhena, Abdelkrim. "The 9/11 Events: A Precursor to the Arab Spring." Digest of Middle East Studies 28, no. 2 (July 19, 2019): 351–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dome.12190.

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Orr, David W. "The Events of 9‐11: a View from the Margin." Conservation Biology 16, no. 2 (April 2002): 288–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00208.x.

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VERSLUYS, KRISTIAAN. "9/11 as a European Event: the Novels." European Review 15, no. 1 (January 9, 2007): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798707000063.

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At the time of writing, more than 20 novels have been written that deal directly or indirectly with the events of 9/11. In broad outlines, they fall under four categories: the novel of recuperation, the novel of first-hand witnessing, the great New York novel, and the novel of the outsider. It is the last category of novels – written by non-Americans – that demonstrates the extent to which 11 September has penetrated deep into the European psyche and thus has become a European event. What is surprising is that the gap between the continents seems smaller in fiction than in politics. Even Luc Lang's onze septembre mon amour, a strident anti-American screed, is characterized by a sense of solidarity for the victims and for an alternative America, antithetical to the official one. In Frédéric Beigbeder's Windows on the World (a French novel with an English title), Europe and the US remain united in the overarching concept of the West, sharing a common destiny. In Ian McEwan's Saturday, finally, the events in the US have become part and parcel of the protagonist's existence, even though he lives thousands of miles away in the posh part of London.

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Montgomery, Martin. "The discourse of war after 9/11." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 14, no. 2 (May 2005): 149–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947005051286.

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The article traces the emergence of war as the dominant term for responding to the events of 9/11. It does so by focusing on speeches, interviews and newspaper headlines in the immediate aftermath of the attacks in their discursive-pragmatic contexts. In order to account for the salience and circulation of an expression such as war, it proposes for the public sphere a principle of discursive amplification. The article also highlights, however, the unevenness of the adoption of the term war by showing how differently it was inflected at different moments and in different sections of the public sphere. In addition, other modes of expression could have been adopted. The article provides some discursive reasons why war prevailed.

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Abubakar, Sadiya, Zinah Fadhil Ali, and Bilkisu Abubakar. "Historizing Pre 9/11 Islamophobia in English Writings." Khazanah Pendidikan Islam 4, no. 1 (May 24, 2022): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/kp.v4i1.18069.

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Islamophobia is often explained as vile attitudes towards Muslims. Yet, Muslims are still labelled as bloodthirst.y terrorists, misogynists, or primitive in literature, media and academic or political discourses. These stereotypes have gone a long way in carving the image of Muslims globally, resulting to their marginalization, stigmatization or violently abused in some countries. Contrary to the general notion that Islamophobia developed after 9/11, this research argues that Islamophobia existed long before 9/11 in the form of stereotypical representations of Muslims. This study aims to briefly locate the earlier forms of Islamophobia through historical events like: pre-colonial encounters, series of wars and battles fought for the quest for empire expansion, unsuccessful or non-lasting colonialism, the postcolonial resistance and Muslims’ vicious reactions to anti-Islamic publications. The study interrogates the amplifications of stereotypes and persistent misrepresentations of Muslims which has long existed in traditional and modern English writings as a means of discerning and curbing the growth of Islamophobia. Homi Bhabha’s theory of stereotype will be used as the theoretical underpinning of this research. This study also looks at series of historical events of misrepresenting the Muslims in English writings and situates them within the Islamophobic implications that plague the world today.

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Hughes, David A. "9/11 Truth and the Silence of the IR Discipline." Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 45, no. 2 (February 27, 2020): 55–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0304375419898334.

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International Relations (IR) scholars uncritically accept the official narrative regarding the events of 9/11 and refuse to examine the massive body of evidence generated by the 9/11 truth movement. Nevertheless, as calls for a new inquiry into the events of 9/11 continue to mount, with the International 9/11 Consensus Panel and World Trade Centre Building 7 Evaluation inquiries having recently published their findings, and with a U.S. Federal Grand Jury on 9/11 having been announced, now would be an opportune moment for IR scholars to start taking the claims of 9/11 truth seriously. A survey of the 9/11 truth literature reveals that the official 9/11 narrative cannot be supported at multiple levels. Two planes did not bring down three towers in New York. There is no hard evidence that Muslims were responsible for 9/11 other than in a patsy capacity. Various U.S. government agencies appear to have had foreknowledge of the events and to have covered up evidence. Important questions regarding the hijacked planes need answering, as do questions about the complicity of the mainstream media in 9/11. IR scholars avoid looking at evidence regarding the events of 9/11 for several reasons. They may be taken in by the weaponized term, “conspiracy theory.” A taboo on questioning the ruling structures of society means that individuals do not wish to fall outside the spectrum of acceptable opinion. Entertaining the possibility that 9/11 was a false flag requires Westerners to reject fundamental assumptions that they have been socialized to accept since birth. The “War on Terror” has created a neo-McCarthyite environment in which freedom to speak out has been stifled. Yet, if IR scholars are serious about truth, the first place they need to start is 9/11 truth.

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11

Poole, Ross. "Performing trauma: Commemorating 9/11 in downtown Manhattan." Memory Studies 13, no. 4 (January 4, 2018): 452–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698017749979.

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There are two memorials at the site of the World Trade Center: the above ground Memorial Park and the below ground Memorial Museum. They embody very different conceptions of how an event such as 9/11 should be remembered. The Memorial Park was an attempt to integrate the recognition of loss into the ongoing life of the city. It fails to do this, largely because it succumbs to the temptation to let the site itself—“Ground Zero”—do the work of memory. The two pools (“voids”) are located on the footprints of the two towers. They dominate the site, inheriting the clumsy monumentality of the destroyed buildings. The underground Memorial Museum combines relics, remnants, images, and newsreels, to involve its visitors in the emotional immediacy of the events of 9/11. It presents 9/11 as a traumatic memory, one to be re-experienced but not understood, placing it outside history in a kind of perpetual present. It reinforces what Marita Sturken identified as a national sense of innocence, and it militates against the development of an historical understanding of the causes and consequences of 9/11. In the final section of this article, I reflect on ways in Ground Zero might have been designed to create a site where residents, citizens, and visitors might have come together to mourn, reflect on, and seek to understand the events of 9/11.

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Mammen, David. "Recovery Efforts in New York After 9/11." Journal of Disaster Research 2, no. 6 (December 1, 2007): 502–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2007.p0502.

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Recovery efforts in New York following the events of September 11, 2001 have been multi-faceted, addressing physical, economic and social needs and involving government agencies, private firms, and a myriad of nongovernmental organizations. This article, drawn from a manuscript covering the full breadth and depth of New York's experience, describes the loss and damage created on 9/11 and the funding provided by the federal government to promote recovery. Several cross-cutting values and approaches which are exemplified by recovery efforts are also described.

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Paradis, Cheryl M., Faith Florer, Linda Zener Solomon, and Theresa Thompson. "Flashbulb Memories of Personal Events of 9/11 and the Day after for a Sample of New York City Residents." Psychological Reports 95, no. 1 (August 2004): 304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.95.1.304-310.

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The present study assessed consistency of recollections of personal circumstances of the 9/11 World Trade Center attack and events of the day before (9/10), and the day after (9/12), in a sample of 100 New York City college students. The day before 9/11 represented an ordinary event. A questionnaire was administered twice, 1 wk. and 1 yr. after the 9/11 attack. Students were asked to describe their personal circumstances when hearing about the news of the World Trade Center attack and for the same time of day for 9/10 and 9/12. 18 students returned the follow-up questionnaire. Consistency of initial and follow-up responses for the central categories for both 9/11 and 9/12 of where, who, and activity was very high (9/11: “Where”-100%, “Who”-100%, “What”-94%; 9/12: “Where”-100%, “Who”-100%, “What”-80%). Recollections of 9/10 were significantly less consistent (“Where”-79%, “Who”-71%, “What”-71%). Analysis indicated that students formed vivid, consistent recollections during the events of both 9/11 and 9/12. It is likely that the events of 9/12 also became flashbulb memories, vivid recollections of traumatic events, because the emotional impact of the stressful events, i.e., police and military presence, disrupted schedules, relating to the 9/11 attack endured beyond the day of the attack.

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Jackson, Robert. "Sovereignty and its Presuppositions: Before 9/11 and after." Political Studies 55, no. 2 (June 2007): 297–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2007.00668.x.

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Is the modern states system in terminal decline? Are we witnessing a great transformation in that regard? Are the events of 9/11 indicative of that? Or is state sovereignty evolving, yet again, in response to scientific, technological, economic and social changes – as it has done throughout the post-medieval era of its existence? That latter line of argument is put forward in this essay.

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Wei Wang. "Intertextual aspects of Chinese newspaper commentaries on the events of 9/11." Discourse Studies 10, no. 3 (June 2008): 361–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461445608089916.

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SpearIt. "9/11 Impacts on Muslims in Prison." Michigan Journal of Race & Law, no. 27.1 (2021): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.36643/mjrl.27.1.impacts.

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It is no understatement to say that September 11, 2001, is the most important date in the history of American Islam. From this day forth, Muslims would become a target for social wrath and become vilified like at no other time in American history. In one fell swoop, Muslims became the most feared and hated religious group in the country. While analysis of the impacts on Muslims tends to focus on Muslims outside of prison, it is critical to recognize that Muslims in prison were no exception to the post- 9/11 hostilities directed at Muslims. They experienced similarly heightened levels of Islamophobia and discrimination. The main goal of this essay is to consider the War on Terror in the prison context in the years following the events of 9/11. The work aims to assess how fear and anger seeped into prisons and became the means of repressing Muslims and casting them as a unique threat to national and institutional security. Although time has proved these attitudes unjustified and alarmist, they have taken a toll on those in prison and made life more difficult for individuals already existing in some of the harshest conditions in the country.

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Morse, Linda K. "People and Events." Oncology Nursing Forum 38, no. 1 (December 24, 2010): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1188/11.onf.9-10.

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Rihll, T. E. "Lawgivers and Tyrants (Solon, Frr. 9–11 West)." Classical Quarterly 39, no. 2 (December 1989): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800037344.

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Solon's fragments 9–11 (West) are preserved in three late authors: frr. 9 and 11 by Diodoros Sikelos (fl. 60–30 B.C.), 9.20.2, Plutarch (fl. A.D. 46–127), Solon 3.6 and 30.3 respectively, and Diogenes Laertios (fl. early third century A.D.), 1.50 and 1.51 respectively; and fr. 10 by Diogenes Laertios alone, 1.49. They are all quoted in the context of Solon's reaction to Peisistratos. Stories on this theme were circulating by the time of the Aristotelian Athenaion Politeia (AP), and Rhodes' scepticism about them is well founded. Its author did not garnish (Rhodes' very apt term) his version of events with these poems, nor indeed with any Solonian utterance, and he explicitly states that myth-making on this subject had already resulted in two stories about Solon and Peisistratos which were chronologically impossible (17.2).

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Wagner-Egger, Pascal, and Pascal Gygax. "Diana Was Not Involved in the 9/11 Terrorist Attacks!" Swiss Journal of Psychology 77, no. 1 (January 2018): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/a000203.

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Abstract. In this research, we investigated the social influence of newspaper headlines on beliefs on various social, political, and economic issues, including belief in conspiracy theories. Building on the seminal study by Gruenfeld and Wyer (1992) , we examined how denials and affirmations printed in a credible source (e.g., a newspaper considered to be serious) versus a less credible source (e.g., a free newspaper) affected readers’ beliefs. In this computer-based study, participants were asked to rate the plausibility of 24 newspaper statements (eight of which were related to conspiracy theories), first without any mention of a newspaper and then with the newspapers mentioned as sources. The results showed the general effects associated with the degree of informativeness of the statements. We discuss these effects in terms of the boomerang effect (i.e., opinion change in the direction opposite to that of the opinion given in the headline). We also found that the participants judged the official versions of various events to be more plausible than the conspiracy theory versions of the same events.

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Nekvapil, Jiří, and Ivan Leudar. "Presenting the Events of 9/11: Bush, Bin Laden and Others in Interaction." Czech Sociological Review 42, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 353–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.13060/00380288.2006.42.2.07.

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JARVIS, LEE. "9/11 Digitally Remastered? Internet Archives, Vernacular Memories and WhereWereYou.org." Journal of American Studies 45, no. 4 (November 2011): 793–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002187581100096x.

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This article explores competing efforts to make sense of the 9/11 attacks within entries posted on the “Where Were You … September 11th, Two Thousand One” Internet archive. Open to written contributions for one year from 15 September 2001, the archive amassed more than 2,500 responses, with posters writing from over twenty different countries. The article begins by arguing that this repository of vernacular memories has potential to significantly broaden our understanding of how the events of 9/11 were interpreted beyond the dominant discourses of political and other elites. It then attempts to do this via a discursive analysis of three key themes traversing contributions to WhereWereYou. These relate, first, to efforts to position 9/11 within particular temporal horizons; second, to accounts of 9/11's essence and causes; and third, to articulated hopes, fears, and expectations around the attacks' future impacts. The article concludes by locating WhereWereYou within debates over the archive's status in contemporary social and political life. It argues that this specific archive's refusal to foreclose 9/11's meaning renders WhereWereYou a particularly interesting memory project for exploring the events of 11 September 2001, and for thinking through contemporary mnemonic practices more broadly.

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Fraher, Amy L. "Psychodynamics of imagination failures: Reflections on the 20th anniversary of 9/11." Management Learning 52, no. 4 (June 3, 2021): 485–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13505076211009786.

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This article aims to advance the psychodynamic understanding of imagination failures by studying lessons learned in the US government’s public inquiry into September 11th, 2001 (9/11). Analyzing the findings of The 9/11 Report, I theorize that two forms of macro-level hubris—America’s “hubris of empire-building” and Al Qaeda’s “hubris-nemesis complex”—amalgamated in a uniquely generative manner leading to events on 9/11. Previous studies of public inquiries often demonstrate that inquiry reports are monological story-telling performances used to create sense-making narratives that function hegemonically to impose a simplified version of reality to assign blame and depoliticize events in order to facilitate closure after shocking events. In contrast, findings here suggest that by constructing a critical narrative, The 9/11 Report may serve as a new type of public inquiry report that invites learning about the complex factors that underpin crisis. The article concludes by identifying fruitful areas of future research and ways to theorize further about the collective psychodynamics of macro-level hubris and the psychodynamic factors that hinder learning and contribute to imagination failures.

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Brandfonbrener, Alice G. "The Arts in the Post-9/11 New World." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2002): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2002.1001.

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It has always been something of a challenge to write a “timely” editorial several months in advance of publication. To be safe one selects what is known as an “evergreen” topic, i.e., not too time-specific. However, two months after the events of September 11 (9/11), it remains difficult if not impossible to imagine what might transpire in the ensuing four months and what topic might be suitable and timely. Furthermore, at least for me, 9/11 remains too fresh to be able to discuss anything of significance, including subject matter appropriate for an MPPA editorial, totally out of the context of that horrific day.

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Potts, Tracey J. "‘Dark tourism’ and the ‘kitschification’ of 9/11." Tourist Studies 12, no. 3 (December 2012): 232–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468797612461083.

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This article aims to interrogate the framing of New York’s Ground Zero as a ‘dark tourist’ destination, with particular reference to the entanglement of notions of kitsch in academic discussions of the events of 11 September 2001. What makes Ground Zero contentious, even scandalous, for many scholars is the presence of a conspicuous commodity culture around the site in the form of tourist souvenirs, leading to accusations of kitschification of memory and the constitution of visitors as ‘tourists of history’. Drawing upon theoretical ideas of Jacques Rancière, Bruno Latour and W. J. T. Mitchell around image politics, the alignment of kitsch with the figure of the tourist will be questioned, along with the conviction that the so-called teddy-bearification of 9/11 threatens the formation of dangerous political subjectivities. In attempting to rid the debates of their default settings, and reliance on essentialist notions of kitsch, it is hoped that that the way will be cleared for the sociological, ethnographic and empirical work necessary to consider the cultural and political significance of the Ground Zero souvenir economy.

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Fischer III, PhD, Henry W. "Behavioral and organizational responses to terrorism: A model based on 9/11." Journal of Emergency Management 1, no. 3 (October 1, 2003): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2003.0032.

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The author’s 1998 white paper (completed for the US Department of Defense as a result of Presidential Decision Directive 39) applied the research literature on behavioral and organizational response to outline what might occur in the aftermath of a terrorist attack. It argued that it presented the best model available and should be applied when developing mitigation, preparedness, and response plans in anticipation of possible domestic nuclear, biological, and chemical terrorism.The terrorism events of September 11, 2001, have provided a basis for assessing this argument. The current article reviews the earlier argument by using updated disaster research to describe the behavioral and organizational response challenges a community or nation would likely encounter in a terrorist attack with weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Anecdotal evidence from the events of 9/11 is included to assess the efficacy of the literature as a model.

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Hermann, Simon. "Major Muslim-Christian Dialogue Initiatives Since 9/11." Journal of KATHA 17, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/katha.vol17no1.1.

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The events of 9/11 deepened tensions between the West and the Islamic world. But there were also Christians and Muslims who used the occasion to intensify dialogue with each other. In the 20 years since then, dialogue has taken place in many forms and settings. This article asks which large-scale dialogue initiatives between Muslims and Christians were started in the time since 9/11 and what their salient characteristics are. Using a historical and qualitative approach, it contributes to establishing a framework for Muslim-Christian dialogue by showing the developments and providing insights in the current status of the larger, widely visible Muslim-Christian dialogue initiatives. The first part introduces and describes seven such initiatives, ranging from conferences to centres, programs and individual persons. Using a deductive approach, initiatives are analysed according to the people involved, the time and location in which they took or take place, and the topics dealt with. The second part critically analyses the progression of these large-scale dialogue initiatives between Muslims and Christians. What stands out is their diversity and the fact that notable individuals and institutions of both religions have been involved as actors in the process. In a globalized world, what happens on the big stages also impacts what happens elsewhere. The precedence set by the initiatives introduced thus can serve to encourage and give credibility to the enterprise of Muslim-Christian dialogue in other contexts as well.

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Maillet, Bertrand B., and Thierry L. Michel. "The Impact of the 9/11 Events on the American and French Stock Markets." Review of International Economics 13, no. 3 (August 2005): 597–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9396.2005.00525.x.

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Basu, Amrita, Paula Giddings, Inderpal Grewal, and Kamala Visweswaran. "September 11." Meridians 19, S1 (December 1, 2020): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15366936-8565880.

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Abstract The links among feminism, race, and transnationalism, which are key to the Meridians project, are also crucial to understanding the events of 9/11 and the war on Afghanistan. Some pieces in this archive provide feminist perspectives on the impact of war and fundamentalism on women’s lives in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Other pieces analyze the ways in which racist representations of Muslim women and of Islam have come to play a key part in colonial and neocolonial “great games” being played in South, West, and Central Asia. Yet others link the U.S.-sponsored war in Afghanistan to the repression of the media and the attacks on civil liberties within the U.S. itself. In constructing an archive of these courageous testimonies, Meridians honors the courage and integrity of women in the United States and around the world who aspire to a better, more just world.

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Casall, Sergio. "Tragic irony in Ovid, Heroides 9 and 11." Classical Quarterly 45, no. 2 (December 1995): 505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800043573.

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A dominant theme in the ninth of the Heroides, Deianira's letter to Hercules, is Deianira's indignation that Hercules has been defeated by a woman: first by Iole (especially in the first part of the letter: for example, lines 2, 5f., 1 If., 25f.); then by Omphale (especially in the section 103–18). The theme is exploited so insistently that Vessey, who regards the epistle as spurious, sees in this insistence a sign of the forger's clumsiness. consider the exploitation of the motive of‘victor victus’ in Heroides 9, on the contrary, as a strong sign of Ovidian authorship. From the very beginning of the letter, the reader is reminded that if a woman, Iole, has metaphorically destroyed Hercules, another woman is on the point of destroying Hercules in a much more real and literal way, and this woman is none other than Deianira herself. When Deianira writes the letter, she has just sent to Hercules the garment soaked in Nessus' poison that will provoke Hercules' horrible death (see 143–68): thus Deianira, rather than Iole or Omphale, is the woman who vanquishes the unvanquished hero. But this is not only a matter of dramatic irony based on the general lines of the story. Heroides 9 is an elegiac rewriting of Sophocles' Trachiniae (it is no coincidence that the letter opens with an allusion to Propertius 3.11), and at the same time is inserted in the time and the ‘body’ of the tragedy. Ironic prefiguration in Heroides is normally realized through intertextual anticipation: thefuture events that are prefigured are present in the texts of the model epic or tragedy. Deianira blames Hercules for bis defeat:quern numquam Iuno seriesque immensa laborumfregerit, huic Iolen imposuisse iugum (Her. 9.5f.)quem non mille ferae, quern non Stheneleius hostis,non potuit Iuno vincere, vincit amor. (Her. 9.25f.)

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Ray, Beverly B., and Cynthia Lee A. Pemberton. "Engaging 9/11 as a Learning Event: Teachers’ Perspectives Examined." Social Studies Research and Practice 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 58–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ssrp-01-2010-b0006.

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This study explored perspectives of secondary social studies teachers, who reported using live media broad-casts to engage students in an examination of terrorism on 9/11. Specifically, this study queried these teachers’ perceptions of preparedness on 9/11 to engage it as a learning event. Respondents (N=29) in one Mid-Atlantic state who were teaching in secondary social studies classrooms on September 11, 2001 (9/11), were asked to reflect on their level of preparedness to adapt and implement real-time teaching to address unfolding events. A Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test for matched pairs revealed that respondents’ current perceptions of self-efficacy to teach about an unfolding terrorist act were positively modified by their experiences teaching about terrorism on 9/11 [Z = -4.507, p <.001 (two tailed)]. Respondents reported gains in confidence to teach about terrorism because of their teaching experiences on 9/11. Results add to the small knowledge base on the topic, even as they highlight the need for further research on the classroom response to 9/11.

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Kaifi, Belal A., and Bahaudin G. Mujtaba. "Awareness of Islam in the Post-9/11 American Workplace." American Journal of Islam and Society 29, no. 4 (October 1, 2012): 46–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v29i4.314.

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Political unrest in Islamic nations, worldwide terrorist attacks, and the western media’s coverage of these events might be contributing to a distorted and biased perception of Muslims. This article analyzes the responses of vocational college instructors to a nineteenquestion survey regarding Islam. It was intended to evaluate the 100 participants’ knowledge and understanding of Islam in the aftermath of the 9/11 tragedy. An evaluation of their answers suggested that the majority of them lacked basic knowledge about Islam. Although some of the responses indicated that the instructors would treat Muslim students with sensitivity, only a few understood how to respond to certain classroom situations. The results show that vocational instructors urgently need diversity training programs that focus on the similarities, as opposed to the minor differences, of views and religions. Interpersonal training should address the importance of respecting differences in the workforce by emphasizing professionalism and conflict management techniques. Training implications are presented and explored.

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Kaifi, Belal A., and Bahaudin G. Mujtaba. "Awareness of Islam in the Post-9/11 American Workplace." American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 29, no. 4 (October 1, 2012): 46–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajiss.v29i4.314.

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Political unrest in Islamic nations, worldwide terrorist attacks, and the western media’s coverage of these events might be contributing to a distorted and biased perception of Muslims. This article analyzes the responses of vocational college instructors to a nineteenquestion survey regarding Islam. It was intended to evaluate the 100 participants’ knowledge and understanding of Islam in the aftermath of the 9/11 tragedy. An evaluation of their answers suggested that the majority of them lacked basic knowledge about Islam. Although some of the responses indicated that the instructors would treat Muslim students with sensitivity, only a few understood how to respond to certain classroom situations. The results show that vocational instructors urgently need diversity training programs that focus on the similarities, as opposed to the minor differences, of views and religions. Interpersonal training should address the importance of respecting differences in the workforce by emphasizing professionalism and conflict management techniques. Training implications are presented and explored.

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Koonin, Marla, and Andrea Crysta. "The meaning of Time magazine’s sign representation of visuals of 9/11:." Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa 28, no. 2 (October 17, 2022): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v28i1.1693.

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Baudrillard’s concepts of simulacra, simulation and hyperreality were assessed in relation todominant themes and subthemes contained in the photographic images of Time magazine’s 9/11special edition by means of a qualitative thematic content analysis. This event was selectedbased both on its becoming an ‘absolute event’ and on the resultant representation of said eventsvia images. As such, visuals, because they contextually reflect a situation, play a powerful role inthe representation of major world events. This is particularly true of photographs.

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Scepanski, Philip. "Retroactive Edits: 9/11, Television’s Popular Archive, and Shifting Popular Memory." Television & New Media 20, no. 3 (January 20, 2018): 294–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527476417751215.

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Occasionally, significant events occur after a television show’s production and/or first airing that necessitate changes to the text in reruns, DVDs, and other distribution platforms like Netflix. This phenomenon was on display after 9/11, when shows including 24, Family Guy, Friends, The Simpsons, and others had full episodes and/or specific scenes cut from distribution. This phenomenon demonstrates how television’s popular archive is mutable, popular memory acts as a site of social and political struggle, and production, ancillary markets, official and unofficial distribution, the cultural standing of television and its genres, and other factors interact to determine which aspects of television’s past are available to the public at different moments.

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Žindžiuviene, Ingrida Egle. "Going to Extremes: Post-9/11 Discrimination in Fiction." EXtREme 21 Going Beyond in Post-Millennial North American Literature and Culture, no. 15 (Autumn 2021) (November 20, 2021): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/pjas.15/2/2021.03.

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The aim of the article is to discuss the representation of discrimination and polarization of the American society after the events of 9/11 in Laila Halaby’s novel Once in a Promised Land (2007). The novel presents the point of view of “the Other” and focuses on the analysis of the antagonistic processes in the American society and their outcomes in the lives of ordinary citizens, accused of being “the Other.” The article examines the deterioration of beliefs and values and the “death” of the American Dream. Based on the fundamental theory of Trauma Studies, the article discusses the issues of personal and collective trauma and their representation in Laila Halaby’s novel. Collective traumas may unify or polarize the society–both aspects have had negative outcomes in the USA. Increased patriotism and solidarity were particularly prominent during the immediate aftermath of 9/11 and resulted in the discrimination and polarization of the society, the anger being directed at Muslim communities. The first days of the aftermath marked the start of antagonism on different levels: despite being US citizens, representatives of the Muslim communities experienced harsh reactions in their neighborhoods, jobs, social spheres, etc. For many of those “on the other side” these processes meant the end of their normal lives and dreams. The article examines both the informational and empathic approach used by the author of the novel to disclose irreparable processes that may happen in any society.

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Mertens, Thomas. "Criminal Justice after 9-11: ICC or Military Tribunals." German Law Journal 5, no. 5 (May 1, 2004): 545–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200012682.

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Nowadays, widespread consensus exists that the dramatic events of September 11, 2001 changed not only the country that suffered these attacks but also the way many in the West view the world outside this exclusive circle. For quite a number, it confirmed Huntington's thesis of a clash of civilizations – a vision of a future of ‘us’ versus ‘them'. But as the attackers were being identified, it became clear that in a sense they came from among us; although technically foreign nationals all, they lived and studied inconspicuously in western, multicultural societies. How are we then to deal with this enemy within? How is democracy to fight this so-called War on Terror and survive? Such questions are obviously not new. Bearing De Tocqueville's assertion in mind that a long war is not needed in order to put freedom at risk in a democratic society, this article, using the technique of a thought experiment, seeks to examine the increased prerogatives that governments – fearing the enemy within – have granted themselves in the realm of criminal law to deal with the perceived threat. This experiment will bring the reader, in a non-specialist way, from the criminal justice system of Germany to the possible role of an operational International Criminal Court, and from the criminal justice system of the United States to military tribunals as a means of dealing with what those in power claim is an extraordinary threat.

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Dynes, Russell R. "Finding Order in Disorder: Continuities in the 9–11 Response." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 21, no. 3 (November 2003): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072700302100302.

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The events of September 11th in the United States prompted speculation about the capacity of modern societies to deal with such collective traumas. Here, comparisons are made to past situations, primarily Hamburg after intensive bombing in 1943. Such comparisons indicate immediate and persistent efforts to re-establish the continuity of social life. Such continuity is in contrast to popular images of individual and collective disorganization as well as the presumption that urban areas are especially fragile. After 9/11, effective efforts were frequently attributed to American exceptionalism. While the social sciences have a number of concepts to deal with social disorganization, there are fewer to characterize stability and adaptability. Illustrations of the importance of social capital and organizational resilience in the New York case are offered. By contrast, post 9/11 discussions have often been dominated by the recycling of disaster myths, especially the belief in widespread panic, the necessity of command and control and the assumption that “people “ are the primary problem. Many of those ideas have since become embedded in the implementation of “homeland security”.

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Aiello, Theresa. "What the Children Said: Children's Narrative Constructions of the Events of 9/11 in Psychotherapy." Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy 11, no. 1 (January 2012): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15289168.2012.648887.

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Mummery, Jane, and Debbie Rodan. "Discourses of democracy in the aftermath of 9/11 and other events: protectivism versus humanitarianism." Continuum 17, no. 4 (December 2003): 433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1030431032000152014.

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Crampton, William, and Dennis Patten. "Social Responsiveness, Profitability and Catastrophic Events: Evidence on the Corporate Philanthropic Response to 9/11." Journal of Business Ethics 81, no. 4 (August 24, 2007): 863–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9553-7.

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Burtseva, M. "The impact of 9/11 events in the USA on the changes in Canadian immigration policy." Scholarly Works of the Faculty of History, Zaporizhzhia National University, no. 51 (2018): 357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26661/swfh-2018-51-043.

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Kočan Šalamon, Kristina. "Disorientation and Disillusionment in Post-9/11 Poetry: A Thematic Reading." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 13, no. 2 (December 16, 2016): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.13.2.95-109.

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The paper examines the immediate responses that emerged in American poetry after the terrorist attacks on 11 September, 2001. The aim of the paper is not to summarize the tragic events of 9/11, but to show how poets reacted to the terrorist attacks. In response to 9/11, a great deal of poetry emerged that expresses the poetic and completely personal, intimate side of the crisis, and many printed publications appeared in which poets addressed 9/11. Although one can find a range of features in American poetry after the attacks, there are notable similarities among the poetry being produced. The post-9/11 poetry can be divided into thematic clusters. This paper is, however, limited to responses that deal only with feelings of disorientation, loss and despair after 9/11. Furthermore, the paper presents poetic reactions that involve a sense of disillusionment and the idea that everything changed after the attacks. Each thematic cluster offers examples of 9/11 poetry that are interpreted with the help of close reading.

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Gunner, Göran. "9/11 and Armageddon: the Christian Right and George W. Bush." Holy Land Studies 2, no. 1 (September 2003): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/hls.2003.0009.

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Authors from the Christian Right in the USA situate the September 11 attack on New York and Washington within God's intentions to bring America into the divine schedule for the end of the world. This is true of Pat Robertson and Jerry Falwell, and other leading figures in the ‘Christian Coalition’. This article analyses how Christian fundamentalists assess the roles of the USA, the State of Israel, Islam, Iraq, the European Union and Russia within what they perceive to be the divine plan for the future of the world, especially against the background of ‘9/11’. It argues that the ideas of the Christian Right and of President George W. Bush coalesce to a high degree. Whereas before 9/11 many American mega-church preachers had aspirations to direct political life, after the events of that day the President assumes some of the roles of a mega-religious leader.

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Maney, Gregory M., Lynne M. Woehrle, and Patrick G. Coy. "Harnessing and Challenging Hegemony: The U.S. Peace Movement after 9/11." Sociological Perspectives 48, no. 3 (September 2005): 357–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sop.2005.48.3.357.

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This article examines how U.S. peace movement organizations (PMOs) sought discursively to overcome cultural and political obstacles to mass mobilization after September 11, 2001. Quantitative and qualitative methods are blended to analyze the official statements of nine U.S. PMOs. Three factors influencing framing are considered: the cultural context, the political context, and oppositional identities. The events of 9/11 presented discursive and emotional opportunities for PMOs to harness hegemony by drawing on resonant ideas, conforming to emotional norms, and linking strong emotions to opposing war and repression. Legitimated political closure in the aftermath of 9/11 also encouraged PMOs to harness hegemony by arguing that consensus for war and repression presented threats to civil liberties and democracy. Oppositional identities rooted in consciousness of structural inequalities encouraged PMOs to challenge hegemony, however, by highlighting the costs of war and repression of minority groups. This article advances our understanding of how interrelated cultural and political processes affect framing.

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Ehrlich,, Ellen Goldschmidt. "Protecting Our Families in the Aftermath of 9/11 and the Holocaust." International Journal of Human Caring 7, no. 2 (March 2003): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20467/1091-5710.7.2.28.

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“Never again” is the cry relating to the Holocaust that thunders around the world. Yet, we see in the events of September 11, 2001 tragedies of equal barbarity continuing. One way to prevent this is to keep the stories alive for future generations. Remembering the Holocaust and 9/11, and their stories alive for our families is one way. Aphenomenological approach was used. Seven second-generation survivors were interviewed. The findings include themes of surviving, frightening experiences, safety, loss, daily thoughts, denial, minimizing, connections, passing on heritage, and identity. With this major societal issue, we must look at the structure and behaviors in our society and at ways to change the cruelty of people to people.

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Hamwey, Meghan K., Cristina D. Pollari, Sukhminder Osahan, Sascha K. Garrey, Felix M. Ortega, Adrienne Solomon, and Robert M. Brackbill. "Associations of Embeddedness and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among 9/11 Survivors." Epidemiologia 2, no. 4 (December 8, 2021): 608–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia2040041.

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Following exposures to traumatic events on 9/11, survivors have reported heightened levels of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Multiple factors contribute to both the exacerbation and amelioration of PTSD symptoms, including social integration and support. This cross-sectional study aimed to understand and identify associations of embeddedness and psychosocial risk factors by PTSD status for survivors and first responders of 9/11. Results indicate that those with chronic PTSD had the lowest prevalence of both social and emotional embeddedness and many who reported no PTSD symptoms following 9/11 reported moderate levels of social and emotional embeddedness. Overall, our findings suggest those individuals who reported little to no PTSD also reported the most social/emotional embeddedness; whereas those individuals who report greater or chronic PTSD report the least social/emotional embeddedness. As such, it may be beneficial for clinicians across multiple care disciplines and contexts to consider and address the social lives and needs of those individuals experiencing symptoms of PTSD to ensure their emotional and physical needs are truly being met.

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Denver, Jenny Y., Sean M. Lane, and Katie E. Cherry. "Recent versus Remote: Flashbulb Memory for 9/11 and Self-Selected Events from the Reminiscence Bump." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 70, no. 4 (May 27, 2010): 275–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ag.70.4.a.

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Giosan, Cezar, Loretta Malta, Nimali Jayasinghe, Lisa Spielman, and JoAnn Difede. "Relationships between memory inconsistency for traumatic events following 9/11 and PTSD in disaster restoration workers." Journal of Anxiety Disorders 23, no. 4 (May 2009): 557–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.11.004.

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Bills, Corey B., Nancy A. S. Levy, Vansh Sharma, Dennis S. Charney, Robin Herbert, Jacqueline Moline, and Craig L. Katz. "Mental health of workers and volunteers responding to events of 9/11: Review of the literature." Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine: A Journal of Translational and Personalized Medicine 75, no. 2 (2008): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/msj.20026.

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Dutra, Caroline, Diego de Melo Conti, and Cândido Ferreira Da Silva Filho. "Economia criativa: O setor de eventos como ferramenta de desenvolvimento urbano a partir dos ODS 9 e 11 / Creative economy: The events sector as an urban development tool based on ODS 9 and 11." Brazilian Journal of Development 7, no. 9 (September 22, 2021): 91674–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv7n9-363.

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Journal articles on the topic '9/11 events'

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