Dissertations / Theses on the topic '868 b'
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Fletcher, Charles D. (Charles Douglas) 1962. "Anti-Christian polemic in early Islam : a translation and analysis of Abū 'Uthmān 'Amr B. Baḥr al-Jāḥiẓ's risāla : Radd 'alā al-Naṣārā (a reply to the Christians)." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79764.
Full textSchrader, Tobias. "Strukturdynamik eines photoschaltbaren B-Hairpin Modellpeptids." kostenfrei, 2008. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8688/.
Full textSantos, Maria Isabel Magalhães Andrade dos. "Perfil das mutações de resistência do vírus da Hepatite B aos análogos de nucleos(t)ídeos entre pacientes com hepatite B crônica." Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, 2014. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/8687.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2014-10-29T13:42:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Isabel Magalhães Santos Perfil das....pdf: 1133942 bytes, checksum: bcc264f7cc24ec022846c05825fd31cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil
Introdução: A doença causada pelo vírus da hepatite B (HBV) é um problema de saúde pública mundial. No Brasil, o sistema único de saúde (SUS) tem disponibilizado drogas antivirais para o tratamento de hepatite B crônica há mais de 10 anos, mas um sistema para o monitoramento e avaliação de resistência a estas drogas ainda não está disponível. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar o perfil de mutações do HBV associadas com a resistência aos análogos de nucleos(t)ídeos entre 81 pacientes com infecção crônica pelo HBV: virgens de tratamento para hepatite B e tratados com diferentes análogos de nucleosídeos e nucleotídeos, no Hospital Professor Edgar Santos (HUPES-UFBA)- Salvador-BA. Metodologia: O HBV-DNA foi isolado de amostras de soro, amplificado por nested-PCR, utilizando-se primers deduzidos da região flaqueadora da domínio rt do gene P e sequenciados (ABI Prism 3730, Applied Biosystems, EUA). Duas a seis sequências de cada isolado foram alinhados e os sítios conflitantes foram resolvidos usando o software CLC Main Workbench v. 5.0 por inspeção visual dos eletroferogramas. As sequências consenso tinham um tamanho de 1032 pb (compreendendo os aminoácido 1-344 da rt). Estas sequências foram submetidas ao banco de dados HBVrt DB (Stanford University, EUA) para a análise de cada mutação de acordo com o genótipo e tratamento. Resultado: O genótipo A1 foi o mais prevalente (85,2%) seguido pelo genótipo A2 (4,9%) F (6,2%) e C1, D2 e D4 (1,2% cada). Seis pacientes (7 %) apresentaram mutações de resistência para LAM, ETV, TDF: dois com o padrão L180M + M204V e quatro com padrões diversos (L80I + L180M + M204I ;L80V + L180M + M204V; M204I; A194T). Todas estas mutações foram associadas ao genótipo A (quatro A1 e dois A2). Além disso, foi encontrado um paciente com HBV genótipo C típico do leste da Ásia. Destes pacientes, dois foram virgens de tratamento e quatro tinham histórico de tratamento para HIV ou HBV. Foram detectadas quatro mutações no gene S (três casos com a mutação sI195M e um a mutação sW196L) associadas às mutações do domínio rt do gene P, correspondendo à uma taxa de 6% de mutações de escape vacinal. A prevalência das mutações de resistência às drogas antivirais variou de acordo com a duração do tratamento e com o nível da barreira genética da droga utilizada. Neste estudo, foi encontrada uma forte associação entre a ocorrência de mutações de resistência do HBV e positividade para o AgHBe, co-infecção com o HIV e histórico de tratamento para HBV e/ou HIV. Conclusão: Antes da terapia ser iniciada é extremamente importante o monitoramento da carga viral e a identificação destas mutações para suportar decisões clinicas sobre o manejo dos pacientes e prevenir a emergência de vírus multi- resistentes.
Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a public health issue. The Brazilian public health system (SUS) has provided antiviral drugs for chronic hepatitis B treatment for over 10 years, but a system for monitoring for drug-related resistance mutations is not available. Objective: This study aims to determine the presence of HBV mutations associated with resistance to nucleos(t)ide analogs among 81 patients with chronic HBV infection-naïve and treated from University Hospital Professor Edgard Santos, Salvador-BA (HUPES-UFBA). Methods: Briefly, HBV-DNA was PCR amplified with primers deduced from the flanking of the rt domain at the HBV P gene and sequenced using ABI Prism 3730 (Applied Biosystems, USA). From two to six forward and reverse sequences of each isolate were assembled and conflicting sites were resolved using software CLC Main Workbench v. 5.0 by visual inspection of the electropherograms. Consensus sequence extended 1032 bp and encompassed the entire rt domain (from amino acid 1 to 344). Those sequences were submitted to the HBV drug resistance database (HBVrt DB, Stanford University, USA) to retrieve each mutation according to genotype and treatment. Results: HBV genotype A1 (85.2%) was the most prevalent followed by genotype A2 (4.9%), F (6.2%), and C1, D2 and D4 (1.2% each). Six patients (7%) exhibited resistance mutations to LAM, ETV and TDF: two with patterns L180M + M204V and four with other different patterns: L80I + L180M + M204I; L80V + L180M + M204V; M204I; A194T. All of these mutations were present in patients with genotype A (four A1 and two A2). Furthermore, this study found one patient with genotype C, common in East Asian. Of these patients, two were naïve and four had a history of treatment for HIV or HBV. In addition, four mutations in gene S (sI195M three cases with the mutation and one with the mutations W196L) associated with mutations in the rt domain of the P gene were detected, corresponding to a rate of 6% of vaccine escape mutations. Prevalence of drug-related resistance mutations varied according to treatment duration and the level of genetic barrier for the drugs used. Conclusion: In this study a strong association was found between the occurrence of HBV resistance mutations and HBeAg positivity, co-infection with HIV and a history of treatment for HBV and / or HIV. Once the drug therapy is initiated it is extremely important to monitor viral load and identify those mutations in order to support clinical decisions about patient management and also to prevent the emergence of multidrug-resistant viruses.
Barroca, Mário Jorge. "Epigrafia medieval portuguesa : 862-1422." Tese, [Lisboa] : Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian : Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, 2000. http://aleph.letras.up.pt/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&request=000107919.
Full textReyftmann, Romina. "Studies of the Ubiquitin-NFκβ pathway in women and baboons with endometriosis." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/8688.
Full textTrabucco, Sally E. "The SMURF2-YY1-C-MYC Axis in the Germinal Center Reaction and Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2016. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/864.
Full textPersson, Åsa. "Samhällssynen bakom frågorna : en studie om den dolda samhällssynen i tre läroböcken för gymnasiekursen Svenska B." Thesis, Kristianstad University College, School of Teacher Education, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-865.
Full textStudien är en litteraturstudie som jämför tre läroböcker i gymnasiekursen Svenska B och hur dessa behandlar skönlitteratur. Främst är det läroböckernas elevfrågor till skönlitteraturen som ligger till grund för undersökningen. Om man ser till elevfrågornas utformning behandlar de tre läroböckerna skönlitteratur på likartade sätt. Eleverna tränas i att koppla skönlitteraturen både till det samhälle de lever i och det samhälle texterna uppkom i. Det finns dock en skillnad i hur läroböckerna presenterar författarna till de utvalda texterna. Spannet löper mellan att behandla författarna som viktiga kulturpersoner med personliga och långa presentationer och att endast beskriva dem i termer som författare av tidstypiska texter.
Hedlund, Malin, and Angelina Sjölund. "Sjuksköterskors upplevelser gentemot att vårda patienter med blodsmitta; Hepatit B, C och HIV - En intervjustudie." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för hälsa och arbetsliv, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-8681.
Full textKobayashi, Cláudia Castelo Branco Artiaga. "Fenótipos de β-lactamases e fatores de risco associados com klebsiella pneumoniae produtora de carbapenemase em um hospital de referência estadual em urgência e emergência de Goiânia, Goiás." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8618.
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Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae is an enterobacteria, commonly associated with resistance to multiple antibiotics. The presence of multidrug resistance phenotype is an important challenge in the epidemiological point of view, regarding the therapeutic management and infection control. A retrospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary-care hospital in Goiânia, Brazil, in the period of 2006 to 2011 to investigate the carbapenemases phenotypes, the in vitro activity of tigecycline and polymyxin B and determine the risk factors associated with infection or colonization by carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae. The serine-carbapenemase production was detected by modified Hodge test and combined disk test with boronic acid; metallo-β-lactamases - MβL by double-disk synergy test with imipenem and EDTA; extended spectrum β-lactamases - ESBL by combined disk with cefotaxime and ceftazidime with and without clavulanate, and plasmid AmpC type by combined disk with boronic acid and cefoxitin. The in vitro activity of tigecycline and polymyxin B against the enzyme-producing isolates was assessed using the broth microdilution method and for not β-lactam antimicrobials by disk diffusion and semi-automated system. The association between independent risk factors and colonization or infection by carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae was determined by logistic regression analysis. The carbapenem resistance was found in 8.06% of all isolates K. pneumoniae and 6.90% were carbapenemase producers. Among carbapenemases producers isolates, 77.78% were KPC type β-lactamase, 37.04% demonstrated the simultaneous production of plasmid AmpC β-lactamase and KPC, 29.63% associated with MβL or ESBL and KPC, 11.11% MβL/ESBL/KPC and 7.41% MβL/ESBL/KPC/plasmid AmpC. High percentages of not β-lactams antimicrobial resistance were observed, ranging from 61.10% - 74.70% to fluoroquinolones and 52.10% - 54.30% to aminoglycosides. Polymyxin B showed limited activity against the carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (35.70%) and tigecycline was the only antimicrobial that inhibited 75.0% of these multidrug-resistant strains. The independent risk factors for K. pneumoniae carbapenemase producers were prolonged hospitalization (p = 0.031), previous use of carbapenems (p = 0.041) and exposure to more than three antimicrobials (p = 0.034). The detection of multidrug- resistant carbapenemase-producing isolates and the knowledge of different resistance mechanisms can result in significant impact on the treatment outcomes and strategies for infection control and prevention.
Klebsiella pneumoniae produtora de carbapenemase é uma enterobactéria, comumente associada à resistência aos múltiplos antimicrobianos. A presença deste fenótipo de multirresistência consiste em um importante desafio do ponto de vista epidemiológico, quanto ao manejo terapêutico e ao controle de infecção. Um estudo observacional retrospectivo foi conduzido em um hospital público terciário em Goiânia, Go, Brasil, no período entre 2006 e 2011, para investigar os fenótipos de carbapenemases, a atividade in vitro da tigeciclina e polimixina B e determinar os fatores de risco associados à infecção ou colonização por K. pneumoniae produtora de carbapenemase. A presença de serina carbapenemase foi detectada por meio do teste de Hodge modificado e disco combinado com ácido borônico; metalo-β-lactamases – MβL por sinergismo de disco duplo com imipenem e EDTA; β-lactamases de espectro estendido – ESBL, através do disco combinado com cefotaxima e ceftazidima com e sem ácido clavulânico e AmpC plasmidial por disco combinado com ácido borônico e cefoxitina. A atividade in vitro da tigeciclina e polimixina B foi avaliada através do método de microdiluição em caldo e dos antimicrobianos não β-lactâmicos por disco-difusão e sistema semiautomatizado. A associação entre fatores de risco independentes e colonização ou infecção foi determinada através de regressão logística. A resistência aos carbapenêmicos foi verificada em 8,06% do total de K. pneumoniae e a atividade de carbapenemase em 6,90%. Dentre os isolados produtores de carbapenemases, 77,78% foram considerados β-lactamase tipo KPC, 37,04% demonstraram a produção simultânea de AmpC plasmidial e KPC, 29,63% associação com MβL ou ESBL e KPC, 11,11% MβL/ESBL/KPC e 7,41% MβL/ESBL/KPC/AmpC plasmidial. Altas taxas de resistência aos antimicrobianos não β-lactâmicos foram observadas, variando de 61,10% - 74,70% para fluoroquinolonas e 52,10% - 54,30% para aminoglicosídeos. A polimixina B apresentou baixa atividade in vitro contra estes isolados (35,70%) e a tigeciclina foi o único antimicrobiano que inibiu 75,0% dos mesmos. Os fatores de risco independentes para K. pneumoniae produtora de carbapenemase foram a internação prévia prolongada (p = 0,031), uso prévio de carbapenêmicos (p = 0,041) e exposição a mais de três antimicrobianos (p = 0,034). A detecção de isolados produtores de carbapenemase multirresistentes e o conhecimento dos diferentes mecanismos de resistência podem resultar em significante impacto nos resultados terapêuticos e estratégias de controle de infecção e prevenção.
Golynski, Anselmo Afonso. "Aspectos epidemiol?gicos da Babesiose equina na Regi?o Norte do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2007. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/818.
Full textCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of Babesia equi and B. caballi in horses from the northern region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, examining the maintenance practices and identifying the principal factors involved in transmission and infection rates. There were collected 380 blood samples and tested with ELISA and Indirect immunofluorescence (RIFI) for B. equi and for B. caballi was used competitive ELISA. The sample number was statistically representative for the equine population of the state. Testing positive for B. equi by ELISA and RIFI were 31,6% and 35,8%, respectively, of the samples examined. The prevalence of B. caballi was 0,86%. The concordance between tests was considered high as shown by the Kappa index of 0,86%. There was not observed a statistically significant difference (p<0,05) between the sex, age and breed of the horses. According to the present study the northern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul can be characterized as an area of enzootic instability for B. equi and B. caballi, offering risks of economic losses due to babesiosis outbreaks, especially in sensible animals introduced from indene areas, horse trade and participating in events (as rodeos, auction sales, and others) or even in animals born in the region. Analyzing the questionnaires, the maintaining systems and the purposes of the equine use were the factors that had influence on the prevalence of equine babesiosis.
O trabalho teve por objetivo determinar a preval?ncia da Babesia equi e B. caballi em eq?inos da regi?o Norte do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul bem como conhecer as pr?ticas de manejo adotadas e identificar os principais fatores que est?o envolvidos na sua transmiss?o e preval?ncia. Coletaram-se 380 amostras de sangue, n?mero estatisticamente representativo para a popula??o de eq?inos em estudo, as quais foram analisadas por meio do teste de ELISA e pela rea??o de imunofluoresc?ncia indireta (RIFI) e para a B. caballi foi utilizado o Elisa competitivo. Do total das amostras, 31,6% e 35,8% foram positivas para B. equi ao teste de ELISA e RIFI respectivamente, sendo que, a preval?ncia de B. caballi foi de apenas 0,86%. A concord?ncia entre os testes foi considerada ?tima, atrav?s do ?ndice Kappa de 0,87. N?o foi constatada nenhuma diferen?a significativa estatisticamente (p<0,05) entre o sexo, ra?as e faixas et?rias dos eq?inos. De acordo com o presente estudo a regi?o Norte do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul ?, portanto caracterizada como uma ?rea de instabilidade enzo?tica para B. equi e B. caballi oferecendo riscos reais de ocorr?ncia e perdas econ?micas causadas por surtos de babesiose causada por B. equi e B. caballi especialmente em animais sens?veis, procedentes de ?reas indenes, com?rcio de animais, participa??o em eventos (esportivos ou recreativos dentro ou fora da Regi?o ou Estado) ou mesmo entre animais nascidos naquela regi?o. Ap?s a an?lise dos question?rios, os sistemas e as finalidades da cria??o foram os ?nicos fatores que influenciaram na preval?ncia das babesioses equinas.
Lyman, Rachel C. "Cell cycle control and its modulation in HPV infected cells." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/863.
Full textInman, Michael V. "An examination of Beethoven's Sonata for piano and violoncello, Op. 5 No. 1, Boccherini's Concerto in B-flat Major for cello, Bach's Suite no. 3 for unaccompanied Violoncello in C Major, and Inman's Suite for Unaccompanied Violoncello in C-sharp Minor." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/866.
Full textVaughan, Nicolás. "Ockham's conception of logic as a rational science : an inferentialist interpretation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4a35a4ce-daf2-4516-8468-c7d04e259ba2.
Full textMunkyen, Okab Saan Lakin. "Etude contrastive phonético-phonologique entre le français et le ding (B 86) du Zai͏̈re : propositions pour la correction phonétique et graphique." Paris 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA030088.
Full textThis work is a contrastive study of french and ding in a phonetico-phonological level. It starts with generalities on bilingualism, on the contribution of linguistics in language teaching (and mainly foreign languagues) and also on the linguistic problems in black africa in the field of linguistic politicies. The work consists essentially in a comparison of phonetic, phonologic and graphic elements of both languages aiming to make clear discrepancies capable to create interferences among ding speakers who are going to learn or have already learned french, as well as similarities from which we can drive teaching methods of french for ding speakers or methods of correction of interferences. The results have been confirmed at some extent by analysis of french errors made by ding pupils. Subsequently, by the end of this work, some correction techniques of the interferences on phonic and graphic levels have been elaborated, that is, techniques that we can apply to other zairean locutors under some precise conditions
Lemos, Cândida Emília Borges. "A imprensa e as constituintes : a imprensa como fenómeno cultural, ideológico e histórico, nas assembleias constituintes, de 1975/76 e 1987/88, em perspectiva comparada, em Portugal e no Brasil." Tese, Porto : [Edição do Autor], 2009. http://aleph.letras.up.pt/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&request=000193550.
Full textChaar, Laiali Jurdi El. "Hipertensão arterial e disfunção autonômica induzidas por dieta hiperlipídica: papel do CART e de fatores inflamatórios em núcleos autonômicos do sistema nervoso central." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42137/tde-05092016-160200/.
Full textObesity is a risk factor for high blood pressure and the mechanisms involved in this disease are not fully clarified. C57BL/6J and transgenic mice with toll-like-NFκB receptor inflammatory- pathway deletion in neurons and glia were fed with high-fat diet (HL) for 8 or 15 weeks and assessed metabolic parameters, blood pressure, heart rate, autonomic nervous system activity, inflammatory factors and neuropeptides in the hypothalamus and brainstem. The HL mice developed hypertension accompanied with autonomic dysfunction and increased CART in DMH. Transgenic animals when submitted to HL diet developed obesity, but not showed high blood pressure and autonomic dysfunction. In addition, HL animals had increased CCL5 mRNA in hypothalamus, CD86 mRNA in brainstem and micróglia density in caudal NTS. The results suggest new mechanisms for hypertension and autonomic dysfunction secondary to intake of high-fat diet by showing CART role in DMH and the involvement of the inflammatory pathway TLR-NFκB in neurons and glia.
Dittmann, Linda [Verfasser]. "Expressionsanalyse von Aurora-Kinase A, Aurora-Kinase B, Repp 86, Cyclin-Dependent-Kinase 1 und Cyclin-Dependent-Kinase 2 bei Mamma- und Ovarialkarzinomen / Linda Dittmann." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1062536061/34.
Full textBoudesco, Christophe. "Expression et rôle d’HSP110 dans le lymphome B diffus à grandes cellules de type activé ou ABC-DLBCL." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCI014.
Full textHeat shock proteins (HSPs) are highly conserved protein across species, and are expressed in all cell type. HSPs are molecular chaperones involved in the folding of newly synthesized or denaturated proteins. HSPs are overexpressed in cancer cells, where they contribute to cancer resistance to chemotherapies. Among HSPs, roles and functions of HSP110 are less described. Interestingly, HSP110 was recently associated with lymphoma aggressiveness in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL). DLBCL is the most lymphoproliferative disease diagnosed in adult (30% of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma). Three main subtypes of DLBCL are described: Activated-B-Cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL), Germinal Center lymphoma (GC-DLBCL), and Primary Mediastinal B Lymphoma (PMBL). ABC-DLBCL is the most aggressive form associated with a poor prognosis. Even if R-CHOP therapies had improve patient’s survival over the last decades, most of patients experiences relapses or treatment resistances. New molecular target are now necessary to treat efficiently these subtypes.My PhD work has highlighted the role of HSP110 in the NFkB signaling pathway, which is an oncogenic pathway in ABC-DLBCL. First, we show that HSP110 is overexpressed in ABC-DLBCL patient sample. We also show an interaction between HSP110 and Myd88 L265P, that is an oncogenic protein responsible for NFkB pathway activation. Consequently, HSP110 stabilizes Myd88 L265P, leading to a sustain NFkB pathway activation in lymphoma cells, and promoting ABC-DLBCL cell survival and proliferation.Finally, our team recently characterized the first known HSP110 inhibitors. I took the opportunity to test these putative inhibitors in my study. My results suggest that these compounds have similar effects than siRNA or shRNA inhibition of HSP110 on ABC-DLBCL survival. This result provide a ground for future in vivo testing of chemical inhibitors of HSP110.In conclusion, my work highlight HSP110 as a potential therapeutic target in ABC-DLBCL
Ricker, William, and John Jr Kolb. "A HIGH-SPEED, RUGGEDIZED, MINIATURE INSTRUMENTATION RECORDER UTILIZING COMMERCIAL TECHNOLOGY." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608915.
Full textDue to the vast amount of data required to be collected for design/performance analysis of operational and development systems, there has evolved a real requirement for a high-speed, large capacity, data collection/record system in a small Flight/Ruggedized package. This need is realized by several user communities and factors which include the evolution of small operational vehicles (airborne, land and UAV’s), the desire of weapons manufacturers/integrators to be independent from the vehicle during vehicle integration, and a general need for a field/airborne, reliable portable data collection system for intelligence gathering, operational performance verification and on-board data processing. In the Air Defence community, the need for a ruggedized record system was highlighted after Desert Storm, in which the operational performance of the Patriot Missile was questioned and data collection was not performed to support the performance. The Aydin Vector Division in conjunction with the prime contractor, has come up with a solution to this problem which utilizes a commercially available helical scan 8mm data storage unit. This solution provides a highly reliable record system, ruggedized for airborne and field environments and a low price in comparison with the more traditional approaches currently offered. This paper will describe the design implementation of this small ruggedized, flight worthy Data collection system deemed the ATD-800. It will also discuss the performance and limitations of implementing such a system, as well as provide several applications and solutions to different operational environments to be encountered. Additionally, the paper will conclude with several product enhancements which may benefit the flight test, operational and intelligence communities in the future.
Cadien, Adam Samuel. "Applications of the Wavelet Transform to B Mixing Analysis." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/868.
Full textCraddock, Benjamin. "Revisiting the Causal Link between Finite Cognitive Capacity and Perseveration: A Dynamic Systems Account." 2011. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/868.
Full textSilungwe, Henry. "Variation B-carotene content and physicochemical properties of orange-fleshed sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) cultivars grown in Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/866.
Full textDepartment Food Science and Technology
In recent years, there has been a lot of interest in orange fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] cultivar, as a cheaper source of vitamin A. In Southern Africa, reports have shown that one in every three children has deficiency in vitamin A. This study investigated the variations in β-carotene (vitamin A precursor) content among selected OFSP cultivars grown in Limpopo Province, South Africa. In addition, the study investigated the effects of location on functional properties, total carotenoids and antioxidant profile of the sweet potato flour as well as their physicochemical, functional and nutritional properties. Four (4) sweet potato cultivars [Dagga, Bophelo, Impilo (orange fleshed) and Mvuvhelo (cream fleshed)] were obtained from two locations, namely, University of Venda (Univen) agricultural experimental farm and Tshiombo irrigation scheme (Tshiombo) and analysed for pasting, functional, physicochemical and nutritional properties. The sweet potato flours from these two locations were also analysed by computed tomographic (CT) scans for flour particle density. Mineral and microstructure of OFSP flours were analysed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). All measurements, except the tristimulus L* a* b* and other colour parameters from five replicates, were performed in triplicate. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way analysis of variance and means were separated using Duncan’s multiple range test; P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to determine the correlation among functional, physicochemical, nutritional and pasting properties of sweet potato flour. β-carotene content varied significantly between the two locations from 70.98 ± 0.8 μg/g (Tshiombo) to 86.09 ± 2.0 μg/g (Univen), among cultivars from 1.71 ± 0.0 μg/g (Mvuvhelo) to 201.50 ± 1.0 μg/g (Dagga) and among orange fleshed (Dagga, Bophelo and Impilo) flours from 28.38 ± 0.2 μg/g (Impilo) to 201.50 ± 1.0 μg/g (Dagga). There was a similar trend in the contents of α-carotene to that of β-carotene from the two locations, which ranged from 0.63 ± 0.0 mol/L (Tshiombo) to 1.01 ± 0.0 mol/L (Univen). Mvuvhelo had significantly the lowest α-carotene content (0.50 ± 0.0 mol/L) and Impilo the highest (1.28 ± 0.0 mol/L). The total carotenoids was highest for Impilo (7.56 μg/g) and lowest for Mvuvhelo (1.33 ± 0.1 μg/g) but did not vary significantly (P > 0.05) between ii the locations. The antioxidant activity, based on 2, 2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, was significantly highest in Bophelo (63.37 ± 0.8 mMAAE ml-1) and lowest in Dagga (26.93 ± 1.4 mMAAE ml-1) flours. The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) varied significantly across the locations and among the cultivars and ranged from 14.45 ± 0.3 μMTE ml-1 (Tshiombo) to 17.40 ± 1.1 μMTE ml-1 (Univen). FRAP was significantly highest in Impilo (21.12 ± 2.1 μMTE ml-1) and lowest in Mvuvhelo (8.16 ± 2.0 μMTE ml-1). Total carotenoid content positively correlated with DPPH (0.486*), FRAP (0.830**), β-carotene (0.370*), and α-carotene (0.424*). The antioxidant content and the radical scavenging activity were significantly correlated (0.563**). Vitamin A content was significantly lowest (6.88 ± 0.38 μg/g retinol) in Dagga flour and highest (7.97 ± 0.25 μg/g) in Impilo flour. Protein content varied significantly across the two locations and ranged from 4.23% (Tshiombo) to 7.16% (Univen). Dagga had significantly the lowest (3.47%) protein content while Impilo had the highest (7.53%). The fat content of the flours varied significantly between the two locations ranging from 0.63% (Tshiombo) to 1.01% (Univen). The protein content was positively correlated 0.594** and 0.421* to vitamin A and fat contents respectively. The Bophelo colour luminosity was significantly lower (L* 76.2) than the other two OFSP, Dagga (L* 83.51) and Impilo (L* 82.07). Bophelo a* (14.09) also differed significantly across all sweet potato cultivars. All cultivars differed significantly in b* values. Colour intensity (ΔE*) ranged from 15.87 to 38.48 for Mvuvhelo and Bophelo, respectively. Chroma ranged from 87.52 to 84.95 for Dagga and Mvuvhelo respectively. Total starch content was significantly different in all sweet potato cultivars and ranged from 244.07 μg/100 g (Bophelo) to 325.04 mg/g (Dagga). Resistant starch differed significantly in all sweet potato cultivars ranging from 1.21 μg/100 g dwb (Bophelo) to 7.07 μg/100 g dwb (Impilo). Ash content was significantly different in all cultivars and ranged from 3.17% (Dagga) to 3.79% (Bophelo). Water holding capacity (WHC) varied significantly across the two locations and ranged from 1.44 g H2O/g DM (Tshiombo) to 1.72 g H2O/g DM (Univen). Bophelo had significantly the lowest (1.27 g H2O/g DM) WHC and Impilo the highest (1.99 g H2O/g DM). The ash content negatively correlated to total starch (-0.928**) but positively iii correlated to WHC (0.654**). Peak viscosity differed significantly across all cultivars under study and ranged from 126.54 RVU (Bophelo) to 302.36 RVU. (Dagga). There was significant difference in trough viscosity across all cultivars ranging from 55.97 RVU (Impilo) to 280.78 RVU (Dagga). There were significant differences in the final viscosity across all cultivars ranging from 78.99 RVU (Impilo) to 319.26 (Dagga). Peak time viscosity varied significantly across all cultivars ranging from 3.87 min (Impilo) to 8.47 min. (Bophelo). Dagga cultivar had significantly the highest pasting temperature (94.16oC) and Bophelo the lowest (77.75oC). The setback viscosity was significantly highest 51.10 RVU (Mvuvhelo) and lowest 23.01 RVU (Impilo). All cultivars from the two locations consistently showed high potassium content ranging from 0.46% (Impilo) to 1.38% (Dagga) as compared to other minerals such as magnesium, calcium and chlorine which ranged from 0.16% (Impilo) to 0.34%. (Dagga). The CT scans revealed that there was a possibility of evaluating the effect of location on the density of granules of sweet potato flour and also the inherent differences in granular distribution of various sweet potato cultivars. SEM revealed high amounts of potassium, magnesium and chlorine. A profile of physicochemical and functional properties of flour of some of the OFSP cultivars produced in Limpopo province, South Africa has been drawn. This study also highlights the nutritional quality of the flour from four sweet potato cultivars and provides a ranking of flour to help the producers in the selection process. Bophelo flour was ranked the highest in terms of β- and, α-carotenes, total carotenoids and antioxidant capacity while Impilo was ranked highest in terms of functional properties and ash content. This study has highlighted significant differences in a number of parameters measured among the sweet potato cultivars. Therefore, in order to derive the maximum benefit from aIn recent years, there has been a lot of interest in orange fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] cultivar, as a cheaper source of vitamin A. In Southern Africa, reports have shown that one in every three children has deficiency in vitamin A. This study investigated the variations in β-carotene (vitamin A precursor) content among selected OFSP cultivars grown in Limpopo Province, South Africa. In addition, the study investigated the effects of location on functional properties, total carotenoids and antioxidant profile of the sweet potato flour as well as their physicochemical, functional and nutritional properties. Four (4) sweet potato cultivars [Dagga, Bophelo, Impilo (orange fleshed) and Mvuvhelo (cream fleshed)] were obtained from two locations, namely, University of Venda (Univen) agricultural experimental farm and Tshiombo irrigation scheme (Tshiombo) and analysed for pasting, functional, physicochemical and nutritional properties. The sweet potato flours from these two locations were also analysed by computed tomographic (CT) scans for flour particle density. Mineral and microstructure of OFSP flours were analysed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). All measurements, except the tristimulus L* a* b* and other colour parameters from five replicates, were performed in triplicate. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way analysis of variance and means were separated using Duncan’s multiple range test; P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to determine the correlation among functional, physicochemical, nutritional and pasting properties of sweet potato flour. β-carotene content varied significantly between the two locations from 70.98 ± 0.8 μg/g (Tshiombo) to 86.09 ± 2.0 μg/g (Univen), among cultivars from 1.71 ± 0.0 μg/g (Mvuvhelo) to 201.50 ± 1.0 μg/g (Dagga) and among orange fleshed (Dagga, Bophelo and Impilo) flours from 28.38 ± 0.2 μg/g (Impilo) to 201.50 ± 1.0 μg/g (Dagga). There was a similar trend in the contents of α-carotene to that of β-carotene from the two locations, which ranged from 0.63 ± 0.0 mol/L (Tshiombo) to 1.01 ± 0.0 mol/L (Univen). Mvuvhelo had significantly the lowest α-carotene content (0.50 ± 0.0 mol/L) and Impilo the highest (1.28 ± 0.0 mol/L). The total carotenoids was highest for Impilo (7.56 μg/g) and lowest for Mvuvhelo (1.33 ± 0.1 μg/g) but did not vary significantly (P > 0.05) between ii the locations. The antioxidant activity, based on 2, 2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, was significantly highest in Bophelo (63.37 ± 0.8 mMAAE ml-1) and lowest in Dagga (26.93 ± 1.4 mMAAE ml-1) flours. The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) varied significantly across the locations and among the cultivars and ranged from 14.45 ± 0.3 μMTE ml-1 (Tshiombo) to 17.40 ± 1.1 μMTE ml-1 (Univen). FRAP was significantly highest in Impilo (21.12 ± 2.1 μMTE ml-1) and lowest in Mvuvhelo (8.16 ± 2.0 μMTE ml-1). Total carotenoid content positively correlated with DPPH (0.486*), FRAP (0.830**), β-carotene (0.370*), and α-carotene (0.424*). The antioxidant content and the radical scavenging activity were significantly correlated (0.563**). Vitamin A content was significantly lowest (6.88 ± 0.38 μg/g retinol) in Dagga flour and highest (7.97 ± 0.25 μg/g) in Impilo flour. Protein content varied significantly across the two locations and ranged from 4.23% (Tshiombo) to 7.16% (Univen). Dagga had significantly the lowest (3.47%) protein content while Impilo had the highest (7.53%). The fat content of the flours varied significantly between the two locations ranging from 0.63% (Tshiombo) to 1.01% (Univen). The protein content was positively correlated 0.594** and 0.421* to vitamin A and fat contents respectively. The Bophelo colour luminosity was significantly lower (L* 76.2) than the other two OFSP, Dagga (L* 83.51) and Impilo (L* 82.07). Bophelo a* (14.09) also differed significantly across all sweet potato cultivars. All cultivars differed significantly in b* values. Colour intensity (ΔE*) ranged from 15.87 to 38.48 for Mvuvhelo and Bophelo, respectively. Chroma ranged from 87.52 to 84.95 for Dagga and Mvuvhelo respectively. Total starch content was significantly different in all sweet potato cultivars and ranged from 244.07 μg/100 g (Bophelo) to 325.04 mg/g (Dagga). Resistant starch differed significantly in all sweet potato cultivars ranging from 1.21 μg/100 g dwb (Bophelo) to 7.07 μg/100 g dwb (Impilo). Ash content was significantly different in all cultivars and ranged from 3.17% (Dagga) to 3.79% (Bophelo). Water holding capacity (WHC) varied significantly across the two locations and ranged from 1.44 g H2O/g DM (Tshiombo) to 1.72 g H2O/g DM (Univen). Bophelo had significantly the lowest (1.27 g H2O/g DM) WHC and Impilo the highest (1.99 g H2O/g DM). The ash content negatively correlated to total starch (-0.928**) but positively iii correlated to WHC (0.654**). Peak viscosity differed significantly across all cultivars under study and ranged from 126.54 RVU (Bophelo) to 302.36 RVU. (Dagga). There was significant difference in trough viscosity across all cultivars ranging from 55.97 RVU (Impilo) to 280.78 RVU (Dagga). There were significant differences in the final viscosity across all cultivars ranging from 78.99 RVU (Impilo) to 319.26 (Dagga). Peak time viscosity varied significantly across all cultivars ranging from 3.87 min (Impilo) to 8.47 min. (Bophelo). Dagga cultivar had significantly the highest pasting temperature (94.16oC) and Bophelo the lowest (77.75oC). The setback viscosity was significantly highest 51.10 RVU (Mvuvhelo) and lowest 23.01 RVU (Impilo). All cultivars from the two locations consistently showed high potassium content ranging from 0.46% (Impilo) to 1.38% (Dagga) as compared to other minerals such as magnesium, calcium and chlorine which ranged from 0.16% (Impilo) to 0.34%. (Dagga). The CT scans revealed that there was a possibility of evaluating the effect of location on the density of granules of sweet potato flour and also the inherent differences in granular distribution of various sweet potato cultivars. SEM revealed high amounts of potassium, magnesium and chlorine. A profile of physicochemical and functional properties of flour of some of the OFSP cultivars produced in Limpopo province, South Africa has been drawn. This study also highlights the nutritional quality of the flour from four sweet potato cultivars and provides a ranking of flour to help the producers in the selection process. Bophelo flour was ranked the highest in terms of β- and, α-carotenes, total carotenoids and antioxidant capacity while Impilo was ranked highest in terms of functional properties and ash content. This study has highlighted significant differences in a number of parameters measured among the sweet potato cultivars. Therefore, in order to derive the maximum benefit from a given cultivar careful selection of sweet potato cultivars would be necessary.
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