Journal articles on the topic '850501 Biofuel (Biomass) Energy'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: 850501 Biofuel (Biomass) Energy.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic '850501 Biofuel (Biomass) Energy.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Kronbergs, Eriks, and Mareks Smits. "HERBACEOUS BIOMASS SHREDDING FOR BIOFUEL COMPOSITIONS." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 23, 2007): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2007vol1.1725.
Full textAbstract:
The 2003 reform o f the EU Common agricultural policy stimulates farmers to grow more energy crops, including short rotation coppice and other perennial crops. Peat can be used as additive for manufacturing o f solid biofuel, because it improves density, durability o f stalk material briquettes (pellets) and avoid corrosion o f boilers. For these reason herbaceous biomass compositions with peat fo r solid biofuel production is recommended. The main conditioning operation before biomass compacting is shredding. It was stated that common reed stalk material particle size reduction during cutting (shredding) process increased energy consumption very significantly. The calculation o f energy consumption fo r common reed cutting to sizes 0.6 and 0.5 mm was giving results 31.3 k J kg'1 and 43.5 k J kg'1. The shredder cutter bar has to be designed with friction energy losses decreased to minimum. This aim can to be realized by reducing o f area o f cutter bar knives moving into stalk biomass and minimizing biomass pressure (Patent LV13447) on cutter bar.
2
Barua, Visva Bharati, and Mariya Munir. "A Review on Synchronous Microalgal Lipid Enhancement and Wastewater Treatment." Energies 14, no. 22 (November 17, 2021): 7687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227687.
Full textAbstract:
Microalgae are unicellular photosynthetic eukaryotes that can treat wastewater and provide us with biofuel. Microalgae cultivation utilizing wastewater is a promising approach for synchronous wastewater treatment and biofuel production. However, previous studies suggest that high microalgae biomass production reduces lipid production and vice versa. For cost-effective biofuel production from microalgae, synchronous lipid and biomass enhancement utilizing wastewater is necessary. Therefore, this study brings forth a comprehensive review of synchronous microalgal lipid and biomass enhancement strategies for biofuel production and wastewater treatment. The review emphasizes the appropriate synergy of the microalgae species, culture media, and synchronous lipid and biomass enhancement conditions as a sustainable, efficient solution.
3
Siddique, Mohammad, Suhail Ahmed Soomro, Shaheen Aziz, Saadat Ullah Khan Suri, Faheem Akhter, and Zahid Naeem Qaisrani. "Potential Techniques for Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass into Biofuels." Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry 23, no. 1 (June 29, 2022): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2022.06.02.
Full textAbstract:
Lignin has been found as a naturally available aromatic resource for biofuel production. Reduced reliance on fossil fuels and replacement with a green and environmentally friendly strategy are currently one of the most pressing challenges. There has been significant growth in energy consumption, necessitating the transition to an alternative energy source. The current renewable energy source has significant biofuel production potential. It is critical to discuss the process parameters for pinpointing lignin content as part of the technology development process. Biofuel production possesses various challenges that need to be addressed. In this research, we precisely discussed the numerous lignin conversion mechanisms that can boost the biofuel output. Catalytic deoxygenation is a fuel promotion process that decreases the oxygen content, which causes instability and corrosion. SiO2, ZrO2, CeO2, TiO2, and Al2O3 are used in catalytic deoxygenation to produce biofuel. The use of chosen Al2O3-TiO2 metal oxide catalysts is critical in biofuel production. To obtain hemicellulose levels, two-step pretreatments with alkali and acids are used. The constraints, challenges, industrial perspectives, and future outlooks for developing cost-effective, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly procedures for the long-term valorization of lignocellulosic materials were examined in the conclusion.
4
Mikulionok, I. O. "STATE AND PROSPECTS OF THE PRODUCTION OF COMPRESSED SOLID BIOFUELS." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 4 (December 20, 2022): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.4.2022.02.
Full textAbstract:
Given the limited nature of natural resources and the global rise in prices for such traditional fossil fuels as oil, coal and natural gas, at the beginning of the third millennium, considerable attention began to be paid to the search for alternative fuels, one of the most popular and affordable among which is solid biofuel. The main types of pressed solid biofuel: biofuel briquettes and pellets are considered, and its classification is developed. An analysis of the origin and sources of biomass production, methods of processing biomass has been carried out, trade forms of solid biofuel, the geometric shape of solid biofuel, the nature of the change in the combustion surface of solid biofuel, the quality indicators (technical characteristics) of solid biofuel, as well as the design and technological design of its pressing was carried out. A critical analysis of innovative methods for obtaining biofuel briquettes and pellets, as well as the influence of their parameters, primarily qualitative and quantitative composition, on the quality indicators (technical characteristics) of solid biofuel was carried out. It is shown that the energy potential of biomass available for energy production in Ukraine can significantly improve its energy independence. Bibl. 76, Fig. 6.
5
Kronbergs, Andris, Elgars Širaks, Aleksandrs Adamovičs, and Ēriks Kronbergs. "Mechanical Properties of Hemp (Cannabis Sativa) Biomass." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (August 5, 2015): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2011vol1.901.
Full textAbstract:
In Latvia approximately of 14.6% of unfarmed agricultural land can be used for herbaceous energy crop growing. Herbaceous energy crops would be as the main basis for solid biofuel production in agricultural ecosystem in future. Herbaceous energy crops as hemp (Cannabis sativa) are grown in recent years and can be used for solid biofuel production. Experimentally stated hemp stalk material ultimate tensile strength the medium value is 85 ± 9 N mm-2. The main conditioning operation before preparation of herbaceous biomass compositions for solid biofuel production is shredding. Therefore hemp stalks were used for cutting experiments. Cutting using different types of knives mechanisms had been investigated. Specific shear cutting energy for hemp samples were within 0.02 – 0.04 J mm-2. Hemp stalk material density was determined using AutoCAD software for cross-section area calculation. Density values are 325 ± 18 kg m-3 for hemp stalks. Specific cutting energy per mass unit was calculated on basis of experimentally estimated values of cutting energy and density.
6
Oves, Mohammad, Huda A. Qari, and Iqbal MI Ismail. "Biofuel formation from microalgae: A renewable energy source for eco-sustainability." Current World Environment 17, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 04–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.17.1.2.
Full textAbstract:
In the current scenario, biofuel production from microalgae is beneficial to sustainability. Recently, one of the most pressing concerns has been finding cost-effective and environmentally friendly energy sources to meet rising energy demands without jeopardizing environmental integrity. Microalgae provide a viable biomass feedstock for biofuel production as the global market for biofuels rises. Biodiesel made from biomass is usually regarded as one of the best natural substitutes to fossil fuels and a sustainable means of achieving energy security and economic and environmental sustainability. Cultivating genetically modified algae has been followed in recent decades of biofuel research and has led to the commercialization of algal biofuel. If it is integrated with a favorable government policy on algal biofuels and other byproducts, it will benefit society. Biofuel technology is a troublesome but complementary technology that will provide long-term solutions to environmental problems. Microalgae have high lipid content oil, fast growth rates, the ability to use marginal and infertile land, grow in wastewater and salty water streams and use solar light and CO2 gas as nutrients for high biomass development. Recent findings suggest nano additives or nanocatalysts like nano-particles, nano-sheet, nano-droplets, and nanotubes. Some specific structures used at various stages during microalgae cultivation and harvesting of the final products can enhance the biofuel efficiency and applicability without any negative impact on the environment. It offers a fantastic opportunity to produce large amounts of biofuels in an eco-friendly and long-term manner.
7
Wasiak, Andrzej, and Olga Orynycz. "Energy Efficiency of a Biofuel Production System." Management and Production Engineering Review 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mper-2017-0007.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Manufacturing engineering is supposed to provide analyses related to various aspects of manufacturing and production in order to maximise technological, energy, and economic gains in relevant production processes. The present paper gives a recapitulation of several publications by present authors, presenting considerations of the energy efficiency of biofuel production. The energy efficiency is understood as the ratio of energy obtained from biofuels produced basing on crops from a particular area to the energy required to satisfy needs of all subsidiary processes assuring correct functioning of the production system, starting from operations aimed to obtain agricultural crops, and ending with the conversion of the crops onto biofuels. Derived by the present authors, the mathematical model of energy efficiency of biofuel production is extended to a more general form, and applied to the analysis of quantitative relations between energy efficiency of sc. “energy plantations”, and further elements of biofuel production system converting harvested biomass into biofuel. Investigations are aimed towards the determination of the role of biomass as a source of energy.
8
Ciolkosz, D. "Torrefied biomass in biofuel production system." Scientific Horizons 93, no. 8 (2020): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33249/2663-2144-2020-93-8-9-12.
Full textAbstract:
Ukraine produces large amounts of crop residues every year, much which could be utilized to produce biofuel. However, efficient supply chains and system configurations are needed to make such systems efficient and cost effective. One option is to integrate torrefaction, power production and biofuel production into a single, coordinated system. This approach allows for high value product (i.e. biofuel), greater utilization of the energy content of the feedstock, and supply chain efficiency. Initial analyses indicate that revenues can be enhanced through this approach, and further analyses and optimization efforts could identify a sustainable approach to renewable fuel and power production for Ukraine. The question of scale and layout remains of interest as well, and a thorough logistical study is needed to identify the most suitable configuration. Agricultural operations often benefit from smaller scales of operation, whereas fuel production processes tend to operate profitably only at very large scale. Thus, a balance must be struck between the needs of both ends of the supply chain. The processing center concept helps to balance those needs. A system such as this also has potential to synergize with other agricultural production systems, such as the production of animal feed, fertilizer, and other bio-based products. The complexities of the Ukrainian agricultural market will need to be reflected carefully in any model that seeks to assess the system's potential. Presents a concept for coupling thermal pretreatment (torrefaction with biofuel and power production for the transformation of wheat straw into a value added product for Ukraine. Torrefaction provides supply chain savings, while conversion provides added value to the product. This paradigm has potential to utilize a widely produced waste material into a valuable source of energy and possibly other products for the country.
9
Maceiras, Rocio, Ángeles Cancela, Ángel Sánchez, Leticia Pérez, and Victor Alfonsin. "Biofuel and biomass from marine macroalgae waste." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 38, no. 9 (May 2, 2016): 1169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2013.862584.
Full text
10
Kramar, V. G. "ANALYSIS OF ENERGY PRICES OF BIOMASS FUEL IN UKRAINE." Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering 42, no. 2 (April 25, 2020): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.2.2020.8.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this work is to analyze the energy price change for different kinds of biomass and for natural gas from 2016 to 2020 and to compare it with the relevant trends for countries with a longer experience and more developed market of fuel biomass. The study revealed that during the significant increase of natural gas price (from June 2016 to December 2018), the energy price of biomass increased at the same or even higher rate than the energy price of natural gas. During the declining natural gas prices (December 2018 to February 2020), when its price almost returned to the situation in mid-2016, the energy price of biomass decreased slightly, but still remains too high, and to date for pellets it is practically equal to the energy price of natural gas. This kind of energy price change for biomass compared to its change for fossil fuels in Ukraine differs significantly from the trends inherent to countries with longer experience of biomass energy use and developed market mechanisms for its pricing (in particular, Austria, Lithuania, Germany, Finland, Sweden). The imperfection of market pricing mechanisms for biomass fuel in Ukraine can be evidenced by the fact that most purchases of biomass in the Prozorro system involve only one supplier. Possible ways to improve the current situation are to promote the creation of more biofuel producers and to improve the conditions for access to raw materials for them, to create a biofuel exchange based on the organizational structure of the Lithuanian biofuel exchange Baltpool, taking into account local conditions.
11
Usmani, Rahil Akhtar. "Potential for energy and biofuel from biomass in India." Renewable Energy 155 (August 2020): 921–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.03.146.
Full text
12
Santosh Narayan Chadar and Anil Kumar Ahirwar. "Biofuel from biomass as an alternative energy source for sustainable development." Open Access Research Journal of Science and Technology 6, no. 1 (October 30, 2022): 071–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.53022/oarjst.2022.6.1.0023.
Full textAbstract:
Energy is a critical input for economic growth and sustainable development in both developed and developing countries. The world’s energy requirement for transportation is met from non-renewable fossil fuels. Two hundred years ago, the world experienced an energy revolution that launched the industrial age .The industrialized world’s thirst for energy has increased tremendously which caused a serious energy crisis. Biodiesel production from different vegetable oils is a promising alternative fuel for the diesel engine and as a major step towards creating an environment friendly transportation fuel that is relatively clean on combustion. This paper deals with the biofuel as an alternative fuel derived from biomass, namely ethanol and biodiesel. The paper discusses how the potential of biofuel offsets the use of fossil fuels and reduces the emission of green house gases, it also lays emphasis on the environmental impact of Jatropha curcas a plant species which is used for biofuel production and how biofuels improves air quality.
13
Panchuk, М. V., І. М. Semianyk, and I. O, Mandryk. "Solid Biofuel Production Perspectives in Ukraine." Oil and Gas Power Engineering, no. 2(32) (December 27, 2019): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9868-2019-2(32)-70-78.
Full textAbstract:
The reserves of fossil fuel resources in Ukraine are limited, that is why the usage of solid biofuel from renewable raw materials is one of the most important factors of state energy policy directed at the preservation of traditional fuel and energy resources and improvement of the environment condition. The analysis of biological resources is made in this paper, and it is determined that Ukraine has a sufficient potential which is available for energy production and constitutes around 29 million tons of equivalent fuel. Energy crops are an important resource therewith. A potential yield of solid biofuel from perennial energy crops can constitute approximately 35.8 million tons per year. It is shown that raw biomass has a number of disadvantages: low energy density, unstable granulometry, wide spread of moisture content, and low bulk density which are the main problems for its storage and transportation. In order to increase consumer performance properties of biomass, the granulation process is suggested to be used. The implementation of granulation process will allow to eliminate the shortcomings of biological raw material and to transform it into a high-efficiency fuel. One of the most important conditions of effective and profitable functioning of granulated biomass production is the availability and regular supply of raw materials. Therewith, for Ukraine's conditions it is worthwhile to use sets of high-power equipment for its operation both in the places with high concentration of raw materials and small mobile units which can work in stationary conditions and move to the places with sufficient amount of raw materials decreasing the costs of biomass transportation to minimum. At the same time, there is a need in developing new homeland elaborations, both complex process lines and individual equipment units for different capacities. The paper determines the main directions of using granulation products among which are: combustion in pellet boilers, common combustion with coal, and gasification of granulated biomass for obtaining motor oils. It is mentioned that the application of granulation technologies solves not only the energy problems but also a set of other problems: ecological, agricultural, forestry and social ones.
14
Rashedi, Ahmad, Niamat Gul, Majid Hussain, Rana Hadi, Nasreen Khan, Sayyada Ghufrana Nadeem, Taslima Khanam, M. R. M. Asyraf, and Virendra Kumar. "Life cycle environmental sustainability and cumulative energy assessment of biomass pellets biofuel derived from agroforest residues." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 7, 2022): e0275005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275005.
Full textAbstract:
This study was carried out to produce low-emitting biomass pellets biofuel from selected forest trees such as (Cedrus deodara and Pinus wallichiana) and agricultural crop residues such as (Zea mays and Triticum aestivum) in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan using indigenously developed technology called pelletizer machine. Characterization, environmental life cycle impact assessment, and cumulative energy demand of biomass pellets biofuel produced from selected agriculture crops and forest tree residues were conducted. The primary data for biomass pellets production was collected by visiting various wood processing factories, sawmills, and agricultural crop fields in the study area. Biomass pellets are a type of biofuel that is often made by compressing sawdust and crushing biomass material into a powdery form. The particles are agglomerated as the raw material is extensively compressed and pelletized. Biomass pellets have lower moisture content, often less than 12%. Physically, the produced pellets were characterized to determine moisture content, pellet dimensions, bulk density, higher heating value, ash content, lower heating value, and element analysis. A functional unit of one kilogram (kg) biomass pellets production was followed in this study.The life cycle impact assessment of one kg biomass pellets biofuel produced from selected agro-forest species revealed environmental impact categories such as acidification (0.006 kg SO2 eq/kg pellets), abiotic depletion (0.018 kg Sb eq/kg pellets), marine aquatic ecotoxicity (417.803 kg 1,4-DB eq/kg pellets), human toxicity (1.107 kg 1,4-DB eq/kg pellets), freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity (0.191 kg 1,4-DB eq/kg pellets), eutrophication (0.001 kg PO4 eq/kg pellets), global warming (0.802 kg CO2 eq/kg pellets), and terrestrial ecotoxicity (0.008 kg 1,4-DB eq/kg pellets). Fossil fuel consumption was the hotspot source to all environmental impacts investigated. To measure the cumulative energy demand of biomass pellets made from different agroforestry species leftovers showed that the maximum cumulative energy was from wheat straw pellets (13.737 MJ), followed by corncob pellets (11.754 MJ), deodar sawdust pellets (10.905 MJ) and blue pine sawdust pellets (10.877 MJ). Among the various production activities, collection and transportation of primary raw material, crushing, screening, adding adhesives, pelletizing, cooling, final screening, and packing have the maximum contribution to the water scarcity index, followed by lubricating oil (0.00147m3). In contrast, the minimum contribution to water footprint was from electricity (0.00008m3) and wheat starch (0.00005m3). The highest contribution to the ecological footprint impact categories such as carbon dioxide, nuclear, and land occupation was lubricating oil and less contribution of wheat starch and electricity for manufacturing one kg pellets biofuel. It is concluded that physico-mechanical and combustion properties of the biomass pellets biofuel developed in the present study were following the Italian recommended standards. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that the Government of Pakistan should introduce the renewable biomass pellets industry in the country to reduce dependency on fossil fuels for cooking and heating purposes.
15
Patel, Ashok, Basant Agrawal, and B. R. Rawal. "Pyrolysis of biomass for efficient extraction of biofuel." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 42, no. 13 (April 17, 2019): 1649–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2019.1604875.
Full text
16
Yu, Kai Ling, Hwai Chyuan Ong, and Halimah Badioze Zaman. "Microalgae Biomass as Biofuel and the Green Applications." Energies 15, no. 19 (October 4, 2022): 7280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15197280.
Full text
17
Xu, Yun, and Wolfgang Schrader. "Studying the Complexity of Biomass Derived Biofuels." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 7, 2021): 2032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082032.
Full textAbstract:
Biofuel produced from biomass pyrolysis is a good example of a highly complex mixture. Detailed understanding of its composition is a prerequisite for optimizing transformation processes and further upgrading conditions. The major challenge in understanding the composition of biofuel derived from biomass is the wide range of compounds with high diversity in polarity and abundance that can be present. In this work, a comprehensive analysis using mass spectrometry is reported. Different operation conditions are studied by utilizing multiple ionization methods (positive mode atmospheric pressure photo ionization (APPI), atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) and negative mode ESI) and applying different resolving power set-ups (120 k, 240 k, 480 k and 960 k) and scan techniques (full scan and spectral stitching method) to study the complexity of a pyrolysis biofuel. Using a mass resolution of 960 k and the spectral stitching scan technique gives a total of 21,703 assigned compositions for one ionization technique alone. The number of total compositions is significantly expanded by the combination of different ionization methods.
18
Jerez-Mogollón, Silvia-Juliana, Laura-Viviana Rueda-Quiñonez, Laura-Yulexi Alfonso-Velazco, Andrés-Fernando Barajas-Solano, Crisóstomo Barajas-Ferreira, and Viatcheslav Kafarov. "Improvement of lab-scale production of microalgal carbohydrates for biofuel production." CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro 5, no. 1 (November 30, 2012): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29047/01225383.209.
Full textAbstract:
This work studied the improvement of biomass and carbohydrate (glucose and xylose) lab–scale productivity in Chlorella vulgaris UTEX 1803 through the use of the carbon/nitrogen ratio. In order to do so, mixotrophic cultures were made by the modification of initial concentration of CH3COONa (5, 10 and 20 mM) and NaNO3 (0.97, 1.94 and 2.94 mM). All treatments were maintained at 23 ± 1ºC, with light/dark cycles of 12h : 12h for 5 days.It was found that in addition to the carbon/nitrogen ratio, time also influences the concentration of biomass and carbohydrates. The treatment containing 10 mM acetate: 1.94 mM nitrate, reached a concentration of 0.79 g/L of biomass, 76.9 μg/mL of xylose and 73.7 μg/mL of glucose in the fifth day. However, the treatmentcontaining 20 mM acetate: 0.97 mM nitrate produced 1.04 g/L of biomass, 78.9 μg/mL of xylose and 77.2 μg/mL of glucose in the third day, while in the same day the treatment containing 0 mM acetate: 2.94 mM nitrate, produced 0.55 g/L of biomass, 40.2 μg/mL of xylose and 31.3 μg/mL of glucose.The use of carbon/nitrogen ratios improved biomass productivity (from 0.55 to 1.04 g/L) as well as xylose (from 40.2 to 78.9 μg/mL) and glucose (from 31.3 to 77.2 μg/mL) concentration, representing an improvement of up to two times the production of both biomass and carbohydrates in only 3 days of culture.
19
KULYK, Maksym, Oleksandrr KALYNYCHENKO, Natalia PRYSHLIAK, and Viktor PRYSHLIAK. "Efficiency of Using Biomass from Energy Crops for Sustainable Bioenergy Development." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 11, no. 5 (August 27, 2020): 1040. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v11.5(45).02.
Full textAbstract:
The need to study energy crops as an alternative source of energy for providing the population and rural development is justified in the article. In the course of the study, the following methods were used: laboratory – to determine the moisture content in the phytomass, field – to determine the quantitative indicators of plants and biomass productivity, special – to determine the energy and economic efficiency of biomass production. Features of yield formation and yield of dry biomass of energy crops by quantitative indices of plants were determined. The economic and energy efficiency of biomass production, as well as the output of solid biofuel, its energy intensity and energy output have been calculated. A logistic scheme for biomass cultivation including the use and supply of biomass from biomass energy crops (from producer to consumer) has been developed. It has been found that switchgrass and giant miscanthus of the third to fifth year of vegetation form a high yield of dry biomass (up to 15.2 and 18.8 t / ha, respectively) with a maximum level of production profitability - up to 108.6% and 128.1%, provide high indicators of biofuel output (up to 18.2 and 24.0 t / ha) and energy (up to 313.0 and 396.0 GJ / ha) with an average level of energy efficiency coefficient (Kee> 4.5).
20
SP, Anitha. "Utilisation of Biofuels to Reduce the Impact of Air Pollutants." Technoarete Transactions on Renewable Energy, Green Energy and Sustainability 1, no. 1 (December 11, 2021): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/ttregs/01.01.a005.
Full textAbstract:
Biofuel has recommended alternative uses of petroleum and diesel to reduce air pollution from the environment. The utilization of biofuel has used renewable energies such as solar energy, ocean, biomass, and others that reduce the risks to the environment. This research study conducted a secondary data collection method to analyse the impact of biofuel utilization to reduce air pollutants. In the present time, most of the country has taken this strategy to use biofuel. The utilization of biofuel has provided sustainability to the use of fuels. Moreover, this strategy has helped to increase oxygen levels in the air. In this regard, biofuel utilization has reduced Green House Gas (GHG) emissions and other air pollutants in the air and also helped to improve air quality. Keyword : Green House Gas (GHG), Biodiesel, Biomass
21
Smaga, Monika, Grzegorz Wielgosiński, Aleksander Kochański, and Katarzyna Korczak. "Biomass as a major component of pellets." Acta Innovations, no. 26 (January 1, 2018): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32933/actainnovations.26.9.
Full textAbstract:
The article describes the quality parameters of the selected elements of biomass as a potential ecological biofuel. Several selected elements of a type of biomass were tested to determine the calorific value, humidity, content of sulfur and amount of ash produced in burning process. The concept of biomass and the legal aspects of its combustion are described. The research of biomass samples revealed that they may be turned into a high-energy, ecologically solid biofuel. Production of biofuel from the tested biomass does not require any additional binders. Studies have shown that the tested material can also act as a component of composite pellets. The quality parameters of such pellets can be determined with the composite calculator that is described in this article. The article also describes the technical aspects of the pellet production line, which should be applied to produce good-quality pellets from the tested types of biomass.
22
Nikolic, Magdalena, Vladimir Tomasevic, and Dragan Ugrinov. "Energy plants as biofuel source and as accumulators of heavy metals." Chemical Industry 76, no. 4 (2022): 209–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind220402017n.
Full textAbstract:
Fossil fuel depletion and soil and water pollution gave impetus to the development of a novel perspective of sustainable development. In addition to the use of plant biomass for ethanol production, plants can be used to reduce the concentration of heavy metals in soil and water. Due to tolerance to high levels of metals, many plant species, crops, non-crops, medicinal, and pharmaceutical energy plants are well-known metal hyperaccumulators. This paper focuses on studies investigating the potential of Miscanthus sp., Beta vulgaris L., Saccharum sp., Ricinus communis L. Prosopis sp. and Arundo donax L. in heavy metal removal and biofuel production. Phytoremediation employing these plants showed great potential for bioaccumulation of Co, Cr, Cu, Al, Pb, Ni, Fe, Cd, Zn, Hg, Se, etc. This review presents the potential of lignocellulose plants to remove pollutants being a valuable substrate for biofuel production. Also, pretreat-ments, dealing with toxic biomass, and biofuel production are discussed.
23
Chen, Minghao, Yixuan Chen, and Qingtao Zhang. "A Review of Energy Consumption in the Acquisition of Bio-Feedstock for Microalgae Biofuel Production." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 9, 2021): 8873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168873.
Full textAbstract:
Microalgae biofuel is expected to be an ideal alternative to fossil fuels to mitigate the effects of climate change and the energy crisis. However, the production process of microalgae biofuel is sometimes considered to be energy intensive and uneconomical, which limits its large-scale production. Several cultivation systems are used to acquire feedstock for microalgal biofuels production. The energy consumption of different cultivation systems is different, and the concentration of culture medium (microalgae cells contained in the unit volume of medium) and other properties of microalgae vary with the culture methods, which affects the energy consumption of subsequent processes. This review compared the energy consumption of different cultivation systems, including the open pond system, four types of closed photobioreactor (PBR) systems, and the hybrid cultivation system, and the energy consumption of the subsequent harvesting process. The biomass concentration and areal biomass production of every cultivation system were also analyzed. The results show that the flat-panel PBRs and the column PBRs are both preferred for large-scale biofuel production for high biomass productivity.
24
Shevchenko, A. L., G. A. Sytchev, and V. M. Zaichenko. "The Transition to Energy Efficient Biomass Torrefaction Technology." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2096, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2096/1/012082.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Torrefaction or low-temperature pyrolysis makes it possible to obtain high-quality solid biofuel from various types of biomass (peat, wood and agricultural waste, various types of biowaste) for the needs of distributed energy. The creation of energy supply systems based on local fuel and energy resources is a priority task for Russian Federation. The article presents the results of research on the development of a new method for energy utilization of biomass by torrefaction.
25
Prananta, Wiraditma, and Ida Kubiszewski. "Assessment of Indonesia’s Future Renewable energy Plan: A Meta-Analysis of Biofuel Energy Return on Investment (EROI)." Energies 14, no. 10 (May 13, 2021): 2803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102803.
Full textAbstract:
In early 2020, Indonesia implemented the biodiesel 30 (B30) program as an initiative to reduce Indonesia’s dependency on fossil fuels and to protect Indonesia’s palm oil market. However, palm oil has received international criticism due to its association with harmful environmental externalities. This paper analysed whether an investment in palm oil-based biofuel (POBB) provides Indonesia with the ability to achieve its environmental and financial goals. In this research, we performed a meta-analysis on biofuel energy return on investment (EROI) by examining 44 biofuel projects using ten types of biofuel feedstocks from 13 countries between 1995 and 2016. Results showed an average EROI of 3.92 and 3.22 for POBB and other biomass-based biofuels (OBBB), respectively. This shows that if only energy inputs and outputs are considered, biofuels provide a positive energy return. However, biofuels, including those from palm oil, produce externalities especially during land preparation and land restoration. We also compared these EROI biofuel results with other renewable energy sources and further analysed the implications for renewable energies to meet society’s energy demands in the future. Results showed that biofuel gives the lowest EROI compared to other renewable energy sources. Its EROI of 3.92, while positive, has been categorised as “not feasible for development”. If Indonesia plans to continue with its biofuel program, some major improvements will be necessary.
26
Ketov, Aleksandr, Natalia Sliusar, Anna Tsybina, Iurii Ketov, Sergei Chudinov, Marina Krasnovskikh, and Vladimir Bosnic. "Plant Biomass Conversion to Vehicle Liquid Fuel as a Path to Sustainability." Resources 11, no. 8 (August 5, 2022): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources11080075.
Full textAbstract:
Biofuel such as linseed oil has an energy potential of 48.8 MJ/kg, which is much lower than fossil diesel fuel 57.14 MJ/kg. Existing biofuels need to increase the energy potential for use in traditional engines. Moreover, biofuel production demands cheap feedstock, for example, sawdust. The present paper shows that the technology to synthesize high-energy liquid vehicle fuels with a gross calorific value up to 53.6 MJ/kg from renewable sources of plant origin is possible. Slow pyrolysis was used to produce high-energy biofuel from sawdust and linseed oil. The proposed approach will allow not only to preserve the existing high-tech energy sources of high unit capacity based on the combustion of liquid fuels, but also to make the transition to reducing the carbon footprint and, in the future, to carbon neutrality by replacing fossil carbon of liquid hydrocarbon fuels with the carbon produced from biomass.
27
Che Kamarludin, Siti Norsyarahah, Muhammad Syafiq Jainal, Amizon Azizan, Nor Sharliza Mohd Safaai, and Ahmad Rafizan Mohamad Daud. "Mechanical Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Biofuel Production." Applied Mechanics and Materials 625 (September 2014): 838–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.838.
Full textAbstract:
Lignocellulosic biomass (LB) sources which are readily available in abundance are widely considered as a potential future sustainable raw materials for biofuel production. Typically, biofuel production involved several chemical and mechanical steps consisting of pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation and separation. The pretreatment step is considered as one of the most vital part of the whole processing scheme due to the impact it had on the efficiency of the subsequent processing steps. In this study we reviewed the mechanical pretreatment of LB focusing mainly on the size reduction technique by grinding process. Grinding is one of the proven preliminary pretreatment techniques employed in biomass conversion to liquid biofuel. However, this technique is known to be costly due to high energy consumption. In view of this, an efficient and cost effective pretreatment technology is required in order for the biofuel to be produced at a competitive level. At the same time, the impact on environment caused by the conventional pretreatment processes can be minimized. Thus, a new combined chemical-mechanical pretreatment is considered whereby a green ionic liquid (IL) solvent is introduced.
28
Hanzhenko, O. "Energy productivity of sugar sorghum in the central part of the Forest-steppe of Ukraine depending on the harvesting time." Agrobìologìâ, no. 1(163) (May 25, 2021): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2021-163-1-23-31.
Full textAbstract:
Due to global climate change, sugar sorghum (Sorghum saccharatum), due to its fast growth rate, early maturation, efcient use of water and limited need for fertilizers, is the most promising plant for biofuel production in the world. The article presents the results of the study on establishing the dependence of sugar sorghum energy performance indicators on varietal characteristics (varieties 'Silosne 42' and 'Favorit' and hybrids 'Dovista' and 'Medoviy F1') and the green biomass harvesting time. The purpose of the research was to establish the influence of varietal characteristics and harvesting time on sugar sorghum energy productivity in the zone of unstable moisture in the Central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The research subject is sugar sorghum energy productivity indicators (yield of green biomass; sugar content of juice; yield of biogas, bioethanol, solid biofuel; total energy yield). The studies were carried out during 2016–2020 in the zone of unstable moisture in the central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in the conditions of the Bila Tserkva Experimental Breeding Station of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. It has been established that the highest yield of biofuel and energy (up to 791.8 GJ/ha) is achieved under growing sugar sorghum of the 'Dovista' hybrid, provided that its biomass is collected in the phase of full seed ripeness (early October). It is advisable to start collecting sugar sorghum biomass for biogas after the panicle throwing phase. To ensure the maximum yield of bioethanol, the optimal time for harvesting green biomass of sugar sorghum is the second decade of September – the frst decade of October. The maximum yield of solid biofuel is achieved under harvesting biomass after the phase of waxy ripeness of grain. The formation of the yield of green biomass of sugar sorghum was more influenced by weather conditions (47.4 %), the influence of varietal characteristics (17.8 %) and the timing of harvesting (12.8 %) was less. But the energy yield was most influenced by the timing of harvesting biomass (37.4 %). A close linear correlation between the energy output and the yield of green (R2=0.81) and dry biomass (R2=0.99) was established. The most ecological plasticity in terms of the total energy yield per unit area turned out to be the 'Medoviy F1' hybrid (b=1.62), which indicates the prospects of growing this hybrid under favorable weather conditions and high level of agricultural technology. Key words: sugar sorghum, varietal characteristics, harvesting time, energy yield, biofuel yield, productivity.
29
M. Pore, Smita, Pankaj R. Sutkar, Laxman S. Walekar, and Vinayak P. Dhulap. "Biofuel Generation by Macro and Micro Algae as a Renewable Energy Source: A Systematic Review." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 28 (2022): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2022.v28i07s.024.
Full textAbstract:
Recently, the fossil fuel consumption is increasing owed to industrial revolution which leads to serious human health and environmental problems. For sustainable energy generation and survival of human life and earth planet biofuel is an alternative source of energy. Non-renewable energy causes environmental effects which results in environmental degradation, to overcome these problems biofuel is the best environmental friendly option. Biofuel can be generated from different types of biomass, among these algae have potential to produce considerable amount of biofuel. But it is very difficult task to produce algal biofuel from specific type of algae. The present review compares and discusses the different types of feedstock, methods of oil production and improvement of method for biodiesel production and their utilization. This review mainly focuses on the cultivation and methodology for biofuel generation and recovery from algae for sustainable development.
30
Geletukha, G. G., T. A. Zheliezna, S. V. Drahniev, and A. I. Bashtovyi. "PROSPECTS FOR USING BIOMASS FROM AGRARIAN PRUNING AND PLANTATION REMOVAL IN UKRAINE." Industrial Heat Engineering 40, no. 1 (January 9, 2018): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ihe.1.2018.10.
Full textAbstract:
The potential, state of the art and prospects for the production of biofuel and energy from biomass obtained from agrarian pruning and plantation removal in the EU are presented in the paper. The paper analyzes the place of wood biomass in the biomass energy potential and its practical use in Ukraine. Preconditions for involving biomass from agrarian pruning and plantation removal in Ukraine’s energy sector are considered.
31
Zhang, Meng, Xiaoxu Song, T. W. Deines, Z. J. Pei, and Donghai Wang. "Biofuel Manufacturing from Woody Biomass: Effects of Sieve Size Used in Biomass Size Reduction." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/581039.
Full textAbstract:
Size reduction is the first step for manufacturing biofuels from woody biomass. It is usually performed using milling machines and the particle size is controlled by the size of the sieve installed on a milling machine. There are reported studies about the effects of sieve size on energy consumption in milling of woody biomass. These studies show that energy consumption increased dramatically as sieve size became smaller. However, in these studies, the sugar yield (proportional to biofuel yield) in hydrolysis of the milled woody biomass was not measured. The lack of comprehensive studies about the effects of sieve size on energy consumption in biomass milling and sugar yield in hydrolysis process makes it difficult to decide which sieve size should be selected in order to minimize the energy consumption in size reduction and maximize the sugar yield in hydrolysis. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap in the literature. In this paper, knife milling of poplar wood was conducted using sieves of three sizes (1, 2, and 4 mm). Results show that, as sieve size increased, energy consumption in knife milling decreased and sugar yield in hydrolysis increased in the tested range of particle sizes.
32
Gutiérrez Ortiz, F. J. "Biofuel production from supercritical water gasification of sustainable biomass." Energy Conversion and Management: X 14 (May 2022): 100164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2021.100164.
Full text
33
Sakuragi, Hiroshi, Kouichi Kuroda, and Mitsuyoshi Ueda. "Molecular Breeding of Advanced Microorganisms for Biofuel Production." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011 (2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/416931.
Full textAbstract:
Large amounts of fossil fuels are consumed every day in spite of increasing environmental problems. To preserve the environment and construct a sustainable society, the use of biofuels derived from different kinds of biomass is being practiced worldwide. Although bioethanol has been largely produced, it commonly requires food crops such as corn and sugar cane as substrates. To develop a sustainable energy supply, cellulosic biomass should be used for bioethanol production instead of grain biomass. For this purpose, cell surface engineering technology is a very promising method. In biobutanol and biodiesel production, engineered host fermentation has attracted much attention; however, this method has many limitations such as low productivity and low solvent tolerance of microorganisms. Despite these problems, biofuels such as bioethanol, biobutanol, and biodiesel are potential energy sources that can help establish a sustainable society.
34
Danso-Boateng, Eric, and Osei-Wusu Achaw. "Bioenergy and biofuel production from biomass using thermochemical conversions technologies—a review." AIMS Energy 10, no. 4 (2022): 585–647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2022030.
Full textAbstract:
<abstract> <p>Biofuel and bioenergy production from diverse biomass sources using thermochemical technologies over the last decades has been investigated. The thermochemical conversion pathways comprise dry processes (i.e., torrefaction, combustion, gasification, and pyrolysis), and wet processes (i.e., liquefaction, supercritical water gasification, and hydrothermal carbonisation). It has been found that the thermochemical processes can convert diverse biomass feedstocks to produce bioenergy sources such as direct heat energy, as well as solid, liquid and gaseous biofuels for instance biochar, bio-oil and syngas. However, some of these processes have limitations that impede their large-scale utilisation such low energy efficiency, high costs, and generation of harmful chemicals that cause environmental concerns. Efforts are being made extensively to improve the conversion technologies in order to reduce or solve these problems for energy efficiency improvement. In this review, the emerging developments in the thermochemical techniques for producing biofuel and bioenergy from biomass are presented and evaluated in terms of their technological concepts and projections for implementation. It is suggested that an integration of torrefaction or hydrothermal carbonisation with combustion and/or gasification may optimise biomass energy use efficiency, enhance product quality, and minimise the formation of noxious compounds.</p> </abstract>
35
Nosko, V. L., O. V. Pavliv, and A. Iu Linnik. "Effectiveness evaluation of energy crops production as a biofuel sources." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 91 (November 6, 2019): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9114.
Full textAbstract:
Energy crops are grown for energy purposes. Traditionally energy crops are corn and sugarcane which are grown for industrial scale ethanol, rapeseed for producing biodiesel, annual and perennial grasses, for example cane, miscanthus, cereal straw, as well as fast-growing tree crops for biomass production. The most interesting for the temperate climate zone of Europe are the fast-growing willow species. The interest in growing energy crops, which can be used as a renewable energy source, in European countries arose in the 1970s, which was related with rising prices for traditional energy sources. The growth of energy crops has been fueled by political decisions at the international level, in particular by documents such as the Renewable Energy Development Plan for Europe and the Kyoto Protocol. After some recession, landing areas for energy crops in the EU and North America have been stabilized. The fastest growing willow occupies the largest area in Europe. The average yield of willow wood in our experiments was about 50 tons per hectare at a moisture content of 45%, with a three-year biomass harvest cycle or 9.2 tons per year and dry matter from 9 to 15 tons per year per dry biomass, in depending on the conditions of cultivation, soil, clone. The weighted average cost of one ton of willow wood with a moisture content of 10% at an area of 100 hectares of plantation for its lifetime (22 years) will be $ 30.5. The cost of growing willow, transporting and shredding timber at a plantation area of 30 hectares is about $ 510 per hectare. About half of all biofuel production costs are depreciation deductions for the operation of special planting and harvesting equipment. The expansion of the plantation area 3–4 times compared to the base variant (30 hectares) allows to increase the profitability of energy production by 30–50%. The return on initial costs required to organize a willow plantation depends on the use of biomass. When replacing wood with traditional energy sources (natural gas), according to our calculations, the simple payback period is 3.8 years and the discounted time is 4.7 years, which corresponds to the time of harvesting the first biomass crop. With the direct sale of biomass on the market in the payback period increases to 6–11 years, which corresponds to the second or third harvesting period (with a three-year cycle). The unit cost of energy derived from willow wood is lower relatively to other energy crops, but 1.5 times and 1.8 times higher than that of natural marsh vegetation and straw, respectively. However, the additional interest in planting willow is due to their conservation value. The main indicators for calculating cost-effectiveness have been taken experimentally. The higher combustion heat of the above-ground part of the willow tree stand averaged 18500 kJ/kg. This is in line with the results obtained by other researchers for willow wood. The maximum specific heat of combustion of willow wood according to the results of experiments carried out in Sweden ranged from 18.3 to 19.7 MJ/kg, depending on the harvesting time and the willow clones. Therefore, we can confidently say that to grow energy willow is expediently and cost-effectively.
36
Ma, Shaochun, Manoj Karkee, Patrick A. Scharf, and Qin Zhang. "Adaptability of Chopper Harvester in Harvesting Sugarcane, Energy Cane, and Banagrass." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 1 (2018): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12038.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Energy crops are important sources of feedstock for biofuel production. Feedstock cost, which accounts for more than 50% of biofuel operating cost, plays a significant role in the commercialization of biofuels. Energy crop harvesting cost is the biggest single contributor of the total feedstock production cost. Thus, investigation of harvesters to improve productivity and efficiency, and hence reduce costs, is important for biofuel production. The performance of an existing sugarcane harvester was evaluated in terms of biomass recovery rate and field efficiency to assess its adaptability for energy crop harvesting. The harvester performance was evaluated in Hawaii fields with three different energy crops: energy cane, banagrass, and sugarcane. The biomass recovery rates achieved by the harvester were 83.0%, 86.6%, and 52.3%, respectively, for energy cane, banagrass, and sugarcane, whereas the field efficiencies were 86.2%, 80.6%, and 59.6%, respectively. In another similar experiment with banagrass, the harvesting rate and field efficiency were 89.8% and 88.7%, respectively. The recovery rates in harvesting energy cane and banagrass achieved in this work were higher than the recovery rate of ~73% found in the literature. Similarly, the nominal field efficiency found in the literature for a harvester is ~70%. The sugarcane harvester used in this work achieved higher field efficiency with energy cane and banagrass harvesting compared to the nominal field efficiency (70%). Additionally, the limitations of existing machines in harvesting energy crops were analyzed to identify the main factors limiting biomass recovery rate and field efficiency. It was found that stubble leaning angle and machine off-track errors have the greatest effect on the harvester’s ability to recover biomass, whereas plugging issues may have a substantial effect on the field efficiency. Keywords: Adaptability, Biomass recovery rate, Chopper harvester, Energy crop, Off-track error, Stubble leaning angle.
37
Artiukhina, Ekaterina, and Panagiotis Grammelis. "Modeling of biofuel pellets torrefaction in a realistic geometry." Thermal Science 20, no. 4 (2016): 1223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci151130156a.
Full textAbstract:
Low temperature pyrolysis also known as torrefaction is considered as a promising pretreatment technology for conversion of biomass into a solid biofuel with enhanced properties in terms of lower moisture and volatile matter content, hydrophobicity and increased heating value. A thermal treatment leads to a non-uniform temperature field and chemical reactions proceeding unevenly within the pellets. However the temperature is assumed to be uniform in the pellets in the majority of models. Here we report on the model of single pellet biomass torrefaction, taking into account the heat transfer and chemical kinetics in the realistic geometry. The evolution of temperature and material density in the non-stationary thermo-chemical process is described by the system of non-linear partial differential equations. The model describing the high-temperature drying of biomass pellet was also introduced. The importance of boundary effects in realistic simulations of biomass pellets torrefaction is underlined in this work.
38
Wang, Fang, Hong Yuan Li, and Jia Nan Yang. "Utilization and Prospect of Greening Waste Biomass Energy." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 1894–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.1894.
Full textAbstract:
Greening waste biomass is a potentially underutilized renewable biofuel feedstock.Economic, efficient and resource utilization of greening waste is one of important content in modern urban development. In view of the difficulty of disposing the increasing greening waste in China, this paper described the situation of the greening waste disposal and utilization in China. Then it introduced the foreign and domestic development and utilization of greening waste biomass energy. Last, the paper pointed out that compared with developed countries, there were still existed many problems in China. So it needs to solve the existing problems to achieve sustainable development of greening waste.
39
Culaba, Alvin B., Aristotle T. Ubando, Phoebe Mae L. Ching, Wei-Hsin Chen, and Jo-Shu Chang. "Biofuel from Microalgae: Sustainable Pathways." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 28, 2020): 8009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198009.
Full textAbstract:
As the demand for biofuels increases globally, microalgae offer a viable biomass feedstock to produce biofuel. With abundant sources of biomass in rural communities, these materials could be converted to biodiesel. Efforts are being done in order to pursue commercialization. However, its main usage is for other applications such as pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and aquaculture, which has a high return of investment. In the last 5 decades of algal research, cultivation to genetically engineered algae have been pursued in order to push algal biofuel commercialization. This will be beneficial to society, especially if coupled with a good government policy of algal biofuels and other by-products. Algal technology is a disruptive but complementary technology that will provide sustainability with regard to the world’s current issues. Commercialization of algal fuel is still a bottleneck and a challenge. Having a large production is technical feasible, but it is not economical as of now. Efforts for the cultivation and production of bio-oil are still ongoing and will continue to develop over time. The life cycle assessment methodology allows for a sustainable evaluation of the production of microalgae biomass to biodiesel.
40
Olofsson, Johanna. "Time-Dependent Climate Impact of Utilizing Residual Biomass for Biofuels—The Combined Influence of Modelling Choices and Climate Impact Metrics." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 13, 2021): 4219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144219.
Full textAbstract:
Understanding the influence of method choices on results in life-cycle assessments is essential to draw informed conclusions. As the climate impact of bioenergy remains a debated topic, the focus of this study is how the chosen temporal framing influences a comparison of the climate impact of utilizing residual biomass for biofuel production to that of leaving the biomass to decay. In order to compare the biofuel scenario to its corresponding reference scenario where biomass is left to decay, a variety of analytical approaches were used: using time-aggregated and time-dependent life-cycle inventories and climate-impact assessment methods, assuming biogenic carbon to be climate neutral or not, using metrics for cumulative or instantaneous climate impact, and with different time horizons. Two cases of residual biofuel feedstocks were assessed: logging residues from Norway spruce forest, and straw from wheat cultivation. Consideration of the studied method choices appears to be especially relevant for forest residual biomass, as illustrated by the ranges of parity times for logging residues (25 to 95 years), and the results which vary with the chosen climate-impact metric, time-horizon, and approach for including biogenic carbon. Illustrating the time-dependence of results can, in general, provide a better understanding of the climate impact of utilizing residual biomass for biofuels.
41
Kumar, Suresh. "Algal Biomass to Bio-Energy: Recent Advances." Journal of Ecophysiology and Occupational Health 19, no. 3&4 (December 26, 2019): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jeoh/2019/23376.
Full textAbstract:
The crops, grasses, trees, algae and cyano-bacteria in the presence of sun perform photosynthesis and store chemical energy in a wide range of feed stocks such as starch, sugars and lipids that can be used for the production of biofuels. The crop plants such as sugar cane, oil palm, sugar beet, rapeseed soyabeans, wheat and corn are extensively used for the production of biofuels such as ethanol, diesel and methane. Due to increasing world population and extensive droughts in major regions pressure on food supplies has resulted in growing concern and has led to a heated food versus fuel debate. Biofuel systems that do not require arable land is developed and these include lingo cellulosic processes which convert cellulose-based products from plants into liquid fuels. Myscanthus, Camelina, Switchgrass, Sorghum, and Poplar trees are some of good source of biofuel at present. The success of these systems is depend on research and development of energy-efficient manufacturing processes, typically enzymatic lignin digestion processes, although chemical digestion methods are also under investigation. Due to demand for large amounts of enzyme appears to be as mountable challenge, ultimately this technology might also contribute to food versus fuel concerns because of its dependence on forest. This in turn could lead to a forest versus fuel issue, unless waste products from agricultural and forestry systems are exclusively used, or feed stocks produced on non-arable land can be developed. Although these crops can be grown on non-arable land, their productivity remains linked to soil fertility and water supply, and the scale of cultivation required to make a meaningful contribution towards global energy consumption will inevitably require lands that are currently used for food production or forestry. Many micro algae can be grown in saline water and are able to produce a wide range of feed stocks for the production of biofuels, including biodiesel, methane, ethanol, butanol and hydrogen, based on their efficient production of starch, sugars and oils.
42
Medipally, Srikanth Reddy, Fatimah Md Yusoff, Sanjoy Banerjee, and M. Shariff. "Microalgae as Sustainable Renewable Energy Feedstock for Biofuel Production." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/519513.
Full textAbstract:
The world energy crisis and increased greenhouse gas emissions have driven the search for alternative and environmentally friendly renewable energy sources. According to life cycle analysis, microalgae biofuel is identified as one of the major renewable energy sources for sustainable development, with potential to replace the fossil-based fuels. Microalgae biofuel was devoid of the major drawbacks associated with oil crops and lignocelluloses-based biofuels. Algae-based biofuels are technically and economically viable and cost competitive, require no additional lands, require minimal water use, and mitigate atmospheric CO2. However, commercial production of microalgae biodiesel is still not feasible due to the low biomass concentration and costly downstream processes. The viability of microalgae biodiesel production can be achieved by designing advanced photobioreactors, developing low cost technologies for biomass harvesting, drying, and oil extraction. Commercial production can also be accomplished by improving the genetic engineering strategies to control environmental stress conditions and by engineering metabolic pathways for high lipid production. In addition, new emerging technologies such as algal-bacterial interactions for enhancement of microalgae growth and lipid production are also explored. This review focuses mainly on the problems encountered in the commercial production of microalgae biofuels and the possible techniques to overcome these difficulties.
43
Ben Chaabane, F., and R. Marchal. "Upgrading the Hemicellulosic Fraction of Biomass into Biofuel." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 68, no. 4 (June 6, 2013): 663–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2012093.
Full text
44
Saxena, Rohit, Rosa M. Rodríguez-Jasso, Mónica L. Chávez-Gonzalez, Cristóbal N. Aguilar, Guillermo Quijano, and Héctor A. Ruiz. "Strategy Development for Microalgae Spirulina Platensis Biomass Cultivation in a Bubble Photobioreactor to Promote High Carbohydrate Content." Fermentation 8, no. 8 (August 7, 2022): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8080374.
Full textAbstract:
As a counter to climate change, energy crises, and global warming, microalgal biomass has gained a lot of interest as a sustainable and environmentally favorable biofuel feedstock. Microalgal carbohydrate is considered one of the promising feedstocks for biofuel produced via the bioconversion route under a biorefinery system. However, the present culture technique, which uses a commercial medium, has poor biomass and carbohydrate productivity, creating a bottleneck for long-term microalgal-carbohydrate-based biofuel generation. This current investigation aims toward the simultaneous increase in biomass and carbohydrate accumulation of Spirulina platensis by formulating an optimal growth condition under different concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorous in flasks and a bubble photobioreactor. For this purpose, the lack of nitrogen (NaNO3) and phosphorous (K2HPO4) in the culture medium resulted in an enhanced Spirulina platensis biomass and total carbohydrate 0.93 ± 0.00 g/L and 74.44% (w/w), respectively. This research is a significant step in defining culture conditions that might be used to tune the carbohydrate content of Spirulina.
45
Chupakhin, Evgeny, Olga Babich, Stanislav Sukhikh, Svetlana Ivanova, Ekaterina Budenkova, Olga Kalashnikova, and Olga Kriger. "Methods of Increasing Miscanthus Biomass Yield for Biofuel Production." Energies 14, no. 24 (December 12, 2021): 8368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248368.
Full textAbstract:
The lignocellulosic perennial crop miscanthus, especially Miscanthus × giganteus, is particularly interesting for bioenergy production as it combines high biomass production with low environmental impact. However, there are several varieties that pose a hazard due to susceptibility to disease. This review contains links showing genotype and ecological variability of important characteristics related to yield and biomass composition of miscanthus that may be useful in plant breeding programs to increase bioenergy production. Some clones of Miscanthus × giganteus and Miscanthus sinensis are particularly interesting due to their high biomass production per hectare. Although the compositional requirements for industrial biomass have not been fully defined for the various bioenergy conversion processes, the lignin-rich species Miscanthus × giganteus and Miscanthus sacchariflorus seem to be more suitable for thermochemical conversion processes. At the same time, the species Miscanthus sinensis and some clones of Miscanthus × giganteus with low lignin content are of interest for the biochemical transformation process. The species Miscanthus sacchariflorus is suitable for various bioenergy conversion processes due to its low ash content, so this species is also interesting as a pioneer in breeding programs. Mature miscanthus crops harvested in winter are favored by industrial enterprises to improve efficiency and reduce processing costs. This study can be attributed to other monocotyledonous plants and perennial crops that can be used as feedstock for biofuels.
46
Fu, Dianzheng, Tianji Yang, Yize Huang, and Yiming Tong. "Integrated Optimization for Biofuel Management Associated with a Biomass-Penetrated Heating System under Multiple and Compound Uncertainties." Energies 15, no. 15 (July 26, 2022): 5406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155406.
Full textAbstract:
The biofuel management of a biofuel-penetrated district heating system is complicated due to its association with multiple and polymorphic uncertainties. To handle uncertainties and system dynamic complexities, an inexact two-stage compound-stochastic mixed-integer programming technique is proposed, innovatively based on the integration of different uncertain optimization approaches. The proposed technique can not only address the inexact recourse problems sourced from multiple and compound uncertainties existing in the pre-regulated biofuel supply–demand match mode, but can also quantitatively analyze the conflicts between the economic target that minimizes the system cost and the risk preference that maximizes the heating service satisfaction. The developed model is applied to a real-world biofuel management case study of a district heating system to obtain the optimal biofuel management schemes subject to supply–demand, policy requirement constraints, and the financial minimization objective. The results indicate that biofuel allocation and expansion schemes are sensitive to the multiple and compound uncertainty inputs, and the corresponding biofuel-deficit change trends of three heat sources are obviously distinct with the system’s condition, varying due to the complicated interactions of the system’s components. Beyond that, a potential trade-off relationship between the heating cost and the constraint-violation risk can be obtained by observing system responses with thermalization coefficient varying.
47
Kukharets, Valentyna, Dalia Juočiūnienė, Taras Hutsol, Olena Sukmaniuk, Jonas Čėsna, Savelii Kukharets, Piotr Piersa, Szymon Szufa, Iryna Horetska, and Alona Shevtsova. "An Algorithm for Managerial Actions on the Rational Use of Renewable Sources of Energy: Determination of the Energy Potential of Biomass in Lithuania." Energies 16, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010548.
Full textAbstract:
This paper offers an algorithm to account for potential actions on the efficient production of renewable energy. The algorithm consists of a substantiated choice of a certain type of renewable energy, the evaluation of its potential, and the regulation of the processes of obtaining that renewable energy. Also, potential resources for agricultural biofuel production have been analyzed and it has been determined that there is real biomass potential in Lithuania. It will thus be beneficial to make appropriate managerial decisions on the methods of biofuel processing and consumption, as well as on means of receiving the economic, energy and environmental effects. The total potential of by-product biomass of crop production was determined, and the thermal and electric potential of the crop by-products were calculated. Additionally, the potential for production of gas-like types of fuel (biomethane, biohydrogen, and syngas) from crop by-products was determined. The potential for the production of diesel biofuel from oil crop waste (bran) was also found, and the potential for livestock by-products for receiving gas-like types of fuel (biomethane, biohydrogen) was established. The corresponding thermal and electric equivalents of the potential were found and the potential volumes of the biomethane and biohydrogen production were calculated. The total energy equivalent equals, on average, 30.017 × 106 GJ of the thermal energy and 9.224 × 106 GJ of the electric energy in Lithuania. The total potential of biomethane production (taking into account crop production and animal husbandry wastes) on average equals 285.6 × 106 m3. The total potential of biohydrogen production on average equals 251.9 × 106 m3. The cost equivalents of the energy potential of agrarian biomass have been calculated. The average cost equivalent of the thermal energy could equal EUR 8.9 billion, electric energy—EUR 15.9 billion, biomethane—EUR 3.3 billion and biohydrogen—EUR 14.1 billion. The evaluation of the agricultural biomass potential as a source of renewable energy confirmed that Lithuania has a large biomass potential and satisfies the needs for the production of renewable energy. Thus, it is possible to move to the second step, that of making a decision concerning biomass conversion.
48
Khoo, Kuan Shiong, Wen Yi Chia, Doris Ying Ying Tang, Pau Loke Show, Kit Wayne Chew, and Wei-Hsin Chen. "Nanomaterials Utilization in Biomass for Biofuel and Bioenergy Production." Energies 13, no. 4 (February 17, 2020): 892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13040892.
Full textAbstract:
The world energy production trumped by the exhaustive utilization of fossil fuels has highlighted the importance of searching for an alternative energy source that exhibits great potential. Ongoing efforts are being implemented to resolve the challenges regarding the preliminary processes before conversion to bioenergy such as pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and cultivation of biomass. Nanotechnology has the ability to overcome the challenges associated with these biomass sources through their distinctive active sites for various reactions and processes. In this review, the potential of nanotechnology incorporated into these biomasses as an aid or addictive to enhance the efficiency of bioenergy generation has been reviewed. The fundamentals of nanomaterials along with their various bioenergy applications were discussed in-depth. Moreover, the optimization and enhancement of bioenergy production from lignocellulose, microalgae and wastewater using nanomaterials are comprehensively evaluated. The distinctive features of these nanomaterials contributing to better performance of biofuels, biodiesel, enzymes and microbial fuel cells are also critically reviewed. Subsequently, future trends and research needs are highlighted based on the current literature.
49
Rai, Ashutosh Kumar, Naief Hamoud Al Makishah, Zhiqiang Wen, Govind Gupta, Soumya Pandit, and Ram Prasad. "Recent Developments in Lignocellulosic Biofuels, a Renewable Source of Bioenergy." Fermentation 8, no. 4 (April 3, 2022): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8040161.
Full textAbstract:
Biofuel consists of non-fossil fuel derived from the organic biomass of renewable resources, including plants, animals, microorganisms, and waste. Energy derived from biofuel is known as bioenergy. The reserve of fossil fuels is now limited and continuing to decrease, while at the same time demand for energy is increasing. In order to overcome this scarcity, it is vital for human beings to transfer their dependency on fossil fuels to alternative types of fuel, including biofuels, which are effective methods of fulfilling present and future demands. The current review therefore focusses on second-generation lignocellulosic biofuels obtained from non-edible plant biomass (i.e., cellulose, lignin, hemi-celluloses, non-food material) in a more sustainable manner. The conversion of lignocellulosic feedstock is an important step during biofuel production. It is, however, important to note that, as a result of various technical restrictions, biofuel production is not presently cost efficient, thus leading to the need for improvement in the methods employed. There remain a number of challenges for the process of biofuel production, including cost effectiveness and the limitations of various technologies employed. This leads to a vital need for ongoing and enhanced research and development, to ensure market level availability of lignocellulosic biofuel.
50
Alazaiza, Motasem Y. D., Ahmed Albahnasawi, Tahra Al Maskari, Mohammed Shadi S. Abujazar, Mohammed J. K. Bashir, Dia Eddin Nassani, and Salem S. Abu Amr. "Biofuel Production using Cultivated Algae: Technologies, Economics, and Its Environmental Impacts." Energies 16, no. 3 (January 26, 2023): 1316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031316.
Full textAbstract:
The process of looking for alternative energy sources is driven by the increasing demand for energy and environmental contamination caused by using fossil fuels. Recent investigations reported the efficiency of microalgae for biofuel production due to its low cost of production, high speed of growth, and ability to grow in harsh environments. In addition, many microalgae are photosynthetic, consuming CO2 and solar light to grow in biomass and providing a promising bioenergy source. This review presents the recent advances in the application of microalgae for biofuel production. In addition, cultivation and harvesting systems and environmental factors that affect microalgae cultivation for biofuel production have also been discussed. Moreover, lipid extraction and conversion technologies to biofuel are presented. The mixotrophic cultivation strategy is promising as it combines the advantages of heterotrophy and autotrophy. Green harvesting methods such as using bio-coagulants and flocculants are promising technologies to reduce the cost of microalgal biomass production. In the future, more investigations into co-cultivation systems, new green harvesting methods, high lipids extraction methods, and the optimization of lipid extraction and converting processes should be implemented to increase the sustainability of microalgae application for biofuel production.