Dissertations / Theses: '850103 Oil and Gas Exploration'

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Calvanese, Giordano. "Volumetric deep learning techniques in oil & gas exploration." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20556/.

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This work consisted in the study and application of volumetric Deep Learning (DL) approach to seismic data provided by Eni S.p.A., with an industrial utility perspective. After a series of fruitful meetings with the Upstream & Technical Services team, we clearly defined the final objective of this approach: the automatic search for geological structures such as turbidite channel-bases, as potential regions of interest for the Oil & Gas industry. Therefore, we defined a workflow based on the training of volumetric DL models over seismic horizons containing channel bases providing “windrose” input patches, i.e. a planar approximation of a three-dimensional volume. All components and sources of criticality were systematically analyzed. For this purpose we studied: the effect of preprocessing, the contribution of the dataset augmentation, the sensitivity for the channel-base manual segmentation, the effect of the spatial expansion of the input patches. Evaluating both qualitatively and quantitatively through K-fold cross-validation. This work showed: how an appropriate preprocessing of the original data substantially helps DL models, how the dataset augmentation is fundamental for good model generalization given the poor representativity of the accessible examples compared to all possible configurations, how this DL approach is susceptible to the channel-base segmentation imposing to invest sufficient effort in the generation of reliable labels, how the size of input patches must be large enough to allow models to perceive around each voxel the structure concavity and the texture of any sediment infill. We conclude that the volumetric DL approach developed in this work has proved to be very promising.

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Wilson, Timothy George Edmund. "Financial aspects of the oil and gas exploration and production industry." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302980.

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Masoni, Isabella. "Inversion of surface waves in an oil and gas exploration context." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU029/document.

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La caractérisation de la proche surface est un enjeu majeur pour l'industrie pétrolière. Lors des acquisitions terrestres et Ocean Bottom Cable (OBC), les couches superficielles généralement altérées ou peu consolidées, présentent des structures géologiques complexes et ont éventuellement des variations topographiques importantes. Les ondes de surface, énergétiques, se propagent dans ce milieu complexe et dominent les sismogrammes, ce qui masque le signal utile pour le traitement sismique classique et rend difficile l'imagerie à la profondeur du réservoir.Il est donc important de pouvoir atténuer ces ondes, éventuellement d'appliquer des corrections statiques et/ou d'amplitude. Ceci qui nécessite une connaissance précise du modèle de vitesse de la proche surface. L'étude de la dispersion des ondes de surface est couramment utilisée en sismologie globale et à l'échelle géotechnique pour évaluer les propriétés des milieux terrestres. Il existe néanmoins des limitations: la mesure de cette dispersion est souvent difficile et les profils de vitesses obtenus sont 1D. A l'échelle pétrolière, l'hypothèse 1D n'est pas toujours adaptée, ce qui motive l'utilisation d'une méthode alternative d'imagerie plus haute résolution, la méthode d'inversion de la forme d'onde (FWI). Cependant, le modèle de vitesse initial doit être assez précis pour éviter le "cycle-skipping" et permettre la convergence vers la solution optimale.Cette étude explore différentes alternatives de fonctions coûts pour résoudre le "cycle-skipping" et diminuer la dépendance de l'inversion à la qualité du modèle initial. En exprimant les fonctions coûts dans le domaine f-k (fréquence-nombre d'onde) et le domaine f-p (fréquence-lenteur), la FWI est plus robuste. A l'aide d'exemples synthétiques, nous démontrons l'efficacité de ces nouvelles approches qui permettent bien de retrouver les variations latérales de vitesses d'onde S.Dans une seconde partie, nous développons une inversion FWI en "layer stripping", adaptée spécifiquement à la physique des ondes de surface. Comme la profondeur de pénétration de ces ondes dépend de leur longueur d'onde, et donc, de leur contenu fréquentiel, nous proposons d'inverser séquentiellement des plus hautes aux plus basses fréquences de ces ondes pour contraindre successivement les couches superficielles jusqu'aux plus profondes. Un fenêtrage selon la distance source-station est également appliqué. Dans un premier temps seules les courtes distances sont inversées, au fur à mesure les données associées à des plus grandes distances sont rajoutées, plus fortement impactées par le "cycle-skipping". Nous démontrons à l'aide d'exemples synthétiques l'avantage de cette méthode par rapport aux méthodes multi-échelles conventionnelles inversant des basses vers les hautes fréquences.Enfin, l'inversion des ondes de surface pour la caractérisation de la proche surface est confrontée à un cas réel. Nous discutons la construction et la pertinence du modèle initial et les difficultés rencontrées lors de l'inversion
The characterization of the near surface is an important topic for the oil and gas industry. For land and Ocean Bottom Cable (OBC) acquisitions, weathered or unconsolidated top layers, prominent topography and complex shallow structures may make imaging at target depth very difficult. Energetic and complex surface waves often dominate such recordings, masking the signal and challenging conventional seismic processing. Static corrections and the painstaking removal of surface waves are required to obtain viable exploration information.Yet surface waves, which sample the near surface region, are considered as signal on both the engineering and geotechnical scale as well as the global seismology scale. Their dispersive property is conventionally used in surface wave analysis techniques to obtain local shear velocity depth profiles. But limitations such as the picking of dispersion curves and poor lateral resolution have lead to the proposal of Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) as an alternative high resolution technique. FWI can theoretically be used to explain the complete waveforms recoded in seismograms, but FWI with surface waves has its own set of challenges. A sufficiently accurate initial velocity model is required or otherwise cycle-skipping problems will prevent the inversion to converge.This study investigates alternative misfit functions that can overcome cycle-skipping and decrease the dependence on the initial model required. Computing the data-fitting in different domains such as the frequency-wavenumber (f-k) and frequency-slowness (f-p) domains is proposed for robust FWI, and successful results are achieved with a synthetic dataset, in retrieving lateral shear velocity variations.In the second part of this study a FWI layer stripping strategy, specifically adapted to the physics of surface waves is proposed. The penetration of surface waves is dependent on their wavelength, and therefore on their frequency. High-to-low frequency data is therefore sequentially inverted to update top-to-bottom layer depths of the shear velocity model. In addition, near-to-far offsets are considered to avoid cycle-skipping issues. Results with a synthetic dataset show that this strategy is more successful than conventional multiscale FWI in using surface waves to update the shear velocity model.Finally inversion of surface waves for near surface characterization is attempted on a real dataset at the oil and gas exploration scale. The construction of initial models and the difficulties encountered during FWI with real data are discussed

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Egbon, Osamuyimen. "An exploration of accountability : evidence from the Nigerian oil and gas industry." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6537.

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The economic activities of multinational corporations (MNCs) in the extractive industries of developing countries produce a myriad of immediate negative social, economic and environmental impacts on communities hosting their operations. Consequently, stakeholders have increasingly called for (greater) accountability of these corporations for the impacts of their operations on stakeholders and the wider society. The extent to which these MNCs are accountable for their operations' negative environmental impacts in the developing countries is underexplored as prior studies have primarily focused on corporate social responsibility rather than accountability of these corporations. However, accountability apparently means different things to different parties, and especially in a non-Western context. This thesis primarily seeks to explore the concept of accountability in a developing country context and how it is understood and practised within the Nigerian oil industry. More specifically, it seeks to understand the extent to which oil MNCs in Nigeria discharge accountability in the context of gas flaring and oil spills environmental pollution emanating from their operations. The study utilises a mixed methods approach to generate data to provide understanding on stakeholders' conceptions of accountability, the nature of accounts constructed by the MNCs on gas flaring and oil spills environmental incidents, and the plausible corporate sense-making embedded within those accounts. The empirical data produce both general and nuanced conceptions of accountability between the MNCs and stakeholders. An account-giving heuristic highlights four broad and further nuanced accounts the corporations provide on these negative environmental incidents which are largely in conflict with stakeholders' narratives. Moreover, the sense-making analysis of the MNCs' accounts suggests that those accounts apparently serve corporate self-interest rather than the discharge of accountability. However, organisational, institutional, relational, and national contextual factors apparently encourage the un-accountability of the MNCs. Accountability in the Nigerian oil industry will remain elusive without critical institutional and regulatory reforms.

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Inomiesa, Oghenemarho. "Sustainable exploration of oil and gas in the United Kingdom and Nigeria." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2016. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4322/.

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research analyses the impact of oil and gas exploration in the UK and Nigeria on the environment and settlements from the sustainability perspective, using a case study of an oil producing community (Uzere) in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. This region is affected by oil and gas exploration activities, in terms of socio-economic, environmental and economic impacts. This state of affairs raises issues of environmental justice among the stakeholders. The research had two case study areas and included a total of 13 focus group, 86 questionnaires and 7 interviews. Analysis of this data showed that the oil and gas exploration activities in Nigeria are different from that in the UK. The empirical evidence equally suggests that the lack of technological advancement, management, legislation and corruption are strongly related to incidence of environmental impact during oil and gas exploration. The research further discusses the need to strive towards a balance between environmental sustainability and economic growth. Highlighting the fact and fiction of sustainable development and sustainability in the Niger delta and Nigerian, how Sustainable environment and growth can only be achieved through the integration of policies that connect the environment, the economy and the society. The novelty or contribution to knowledge of the research, developed a framework based on qualitative and quantitative findings. The resulting framework highlighted or proposed ways the Nigerian government can achieve its sustainable energy obligations based on the findings and the review of relevant literature, as well findings from methodology adopted. The proposed framework can be applied both theoretical and practical, this will not only protect the environment and people from the impacts of oil and gas exploration, but will also protect Nigeria crude oil resource saving lives and livelihoods over the coming years. Furthermore the research analyses a number of strategic initiatives, which can be adopted in Nigeria, taking lesson from the UK to achieve the balance between environmental sustainability and growth through the integration of policies, management, technology that connect the environment, society and economy.

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Asare, Emmanuel Tetteh. "An exploration of accountability issues in managing oil and gas revenues in Ghana." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2017. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/6ca461f0-fa08-454c-851f-a426d60b4f88.

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This study investigates accountability and transparency issues in the management of oil and gas (O&G) revenues in Ghana through public discourse. It establishes the factors that influence accountability and investigates how accountability is discharged amongst stakeholders in the O&G industry in Ghana, with respect to contemporary accountability theories. The thesis develops a contextualised analytical framework drawing on Dhanani and Connolly’s (2012), and Gray et al.’s (1996) conceptualisations of accountability, in addition to other contemporary accountability concepts, mirrored through the ethical variant of stakeholder theory to classify, analyse and interpret the issues of transparency and accountability in revenue management in the O&G industry in Ghana. It uses this framework to analyse and interpret questionnaires and interviews of stakeholders in the O&G industry in Ghana; these include the government, civil society groups and upstream oil companies. The thesis establishes that the accountability relationships (strategic, financial, fiduciary and procedural) between accountees and accountors in the O&G industry in Ghana are hierarchical, bureaucratic and fussy, making the discharge of accountability unintelligent, ineffective and vulgate and only routinely given for cosmetic purposes. Consequently, the accountors in the O&G industry in Ghana employ the positive variant of the stakeholder theory, motivated by legitimisation practices to regularise their activities, contrary to the expected ethical variant of the theory. The outcome reflects the practices of for-profit organisations such as upstream O&G companies, but conflicts with the government’s fiduciary responsibilities towards citizens and the espoused communal values of the legal and regulatory framework of the industry. Current perspectives on positive stakeholder and legitimacy theory therefore appear to explain existing stakeholder relationships and how accountability is discharged in the O&G industry in Ghana. The thesis contributes to the public accountability and transparency literature in a number of ways: First, the study presents an empirical basis to advance discourse about accountability and transparency in natural resource management in developing countries, by developing a contextualised theoretical and analytical framework drawing on Dhanani and Connolly’s (2012) and Gray et al’s (1996) accountability concepts, and using the ethical stakeholder theory as a lens for interpretation. Second, it provides an empirical basis for rethinking the hierarchical managerialist approach to accountability suggested by the positive variant of the stakeholder theory and its legitimisation mechanisms between accountees and the accountors in the O&G industry in Ghana, and suggests the adoption of the ethical variant of the stakeholder theory with its moral imperatives. Third, the study provides significant insight into governance issues in Sub-Saharan Africa that could inform policy formulation for the region by international bodies, including the United Nations Development Fund (UNDP), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), by critically reviewing accountability and transparency issues in the oil sectors in Angola, Nigeria and the DRC and juxtaposing this evidence with empirical findings for Ghana. Finally, it advances understanding of the public accountability practices and transparency issues in the O&G industry in Ghana, while pointing out significant governance implications for policy-makers, civil society and advocacy groups, think-tanks, the O&G companies and academics.

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Hatami, Hossein. "Forecasting oil and gas reserves and production in the UK North Sea : a Monte Carlo approach." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU086252.

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This thesis examines the results of the future exploration drilling activities expected to be committed between 1995-2014 in the mature areas of the UK North Sea. The study employs Monte Carlo simulation techniques to quantify the risk of exploration ventures by estimating the expected value of the exploration decisions in a mature hydrocarbon province where both the exploration success and the size of the discovered fields are shown to be diminishing with advancing exploration. The study explicitly takes into account the risks which are associated with both geological and economic uncertainties. The prime objective is to model and forecast the significant quantities of oil, condensate, and gas to be discovered given the specified levels of committed exploratory effort. Due to the presence of different geological and prospectivity characteristics, the whole North Sea province is divided into three basins namely the Southern, Central and Northern basins each of which has been treated and studied separately. The commercial merits of the future discoveries for potential development purposes have been determined through the application of different parameters for future oil and gas prices, various costs of field exploration and development, etc. The impact of the fiscal regime on the commercial viability of the future discoveries has also been explicitly examined. After identifying the future discoveries with commercial significance in the North Sea, their resulting production, costs, revenues, tax bill, and the net present values are presented in detail. To create a wider picture for the new field discoveries and their eventual contribution to the overall production in the North Sea, the future exploration and production activities have been examined under three different scenarios each reflecting varying geological and economic circumstances.

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Garcia, Percy L. "Environmental management in multinational oil and gas exploration and production corporations in Latin America." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0007/MQ42317.pdf.

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Edward, Stuart James. "The design of a new pipe measuring system for oil and/or natural gas exploration." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000.

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Abbe, Owen Emmanuel. "Recovery of value from oil drill cuttings- A sustainable waste management solution for the oil and gas exploration and prodution industry." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510754.

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ARAUJO, PATRICIA BURLINI SOARES DE. "THE LIFE CYCLE CONCEPT IN WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE OIL AND GAS OFFSHORE EXPLORATION BRAZILIAN INDUSTRY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35025@1.

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A indústria do petróleo tem suas atividades interpretadas como incompatíveis com o conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável. No entanto, o desenvolvimento da humanidade tem sido pautado no consumo de energia, grande parte fornecido por esta indústria. Atualmente face as recentes descobertas do pré sal, a nova fronteira exploratória no Brasil, é possível vislumbrar que o segmento de exploração se fará muito presente no país, assim como seus impactos negativos ao meio ambiente e suas toneladas de resíduo. A dissertação busca promover reflexão sobre o tema, tendo em vista análise de casos vivenciados pela indústria brasileira com a aplicação do conceito do ciclo de vida. A dissertação foi estruturada em capítulos que contextualizam tópicos necessários para um gerenciamento de resíduos eficiente tais quais o conceito de sustentabilidade e suas três dimensões, caracterização de resíduos, a precariedade da infraestrutura do país para destinação destes resíduos, assuntos regulatórios e a introdução ao conceito do ciclo de vida. A análise de alguns casos reais, com o base na teoria apresentada, corroborou para a conclusão de que a aplicação do conceito do ciclo de vida (CCV) ao gerenciamento dos resíduos traz o diferencial para redução a longo prazo desta poluição, por facilitar a análise de vários aspectos, desde a infraestrutura necessária para o gerenciamento como questões legais e de logística, nas fases de geração, armazenagem, transporte, tratamento e disposição final. O CCV ainda promove um melhor entendimento do público em geral, órgão regulamentadores, empresas operadores e prestadoras de serviços e permite que as empresas no Brasil, estejam melhor preparadas para os desafios relacionados à poluição advinda da geração destes resíduos.
Oil and gas (OeG) activities continue to grow across the globe. Some people view the OeG industry as focused on profits with little concern for the environment, opposed to the concept of sustainability. However, demand for petroleum products continued to increase, and OeG continue to be the most widely used fuels. As energy demand continues to grow, petroleum companies must find and produce increasing quantities of OeG. But doing so, requires more than merely ramping up production from traditional sources. As nearby, relatively easy-to-produce resources diminish, new sources and locations are being developed in Brazil. The recent discovery in the pre-salt layer demonstrates the significant potential found, representing a new exploratory frontier in the country. OeG exploration today require the simultaneous consideration of a variety of economic, social, political, and environmental concerns. Historically, many foreign-operators started to invest in Brazil after the government opened the sector to competition. Increased drilling activity in Brazil both results in an increased amount of waste generated and sent onshore, air emission and water discharges. Once generated, managing these wastes in a manner that protects health and the environment will be essential for limiting operators legal and financial liabilities, therefore operators will have to manage the waste properly and consistent with all relevant laws and regulations in order to overcome the challenges of the increase of activities in this dynamic industry.

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Amenshiah, Ambrose K. "Capacity building of human resources in the oil and gas sector in Ghana: An exploration into the public-sector capacity building of human resources in the emerging oil and gas in Ghana." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17452.

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This empirical research explored the capacity building of human resources in the emerging oil and gas sector in Ghana. Ghana’s oil and gas were discovered in commercial quantities in 2007 by GNPC and its partners in Jubilee field in the Cape Three Point in the western region, which signified a turning point in the development effort of the state. Local skills shortage perceived as a significant challenge. Thus the government envisaged the need to build local skill capacity which attracted an initial grant of US$38 million from World Bank to facilitate the implementation of oil and gas capacity building project in 2010. The study adopted a mixed method approach for primary data collection. Matched samples of employees (226) working in four public sector organisations in the oil and gas sector were surveyed using the simple random technique, while human resource/training and development directors (9) were purposively sampled and interviewed on the human resources capacity building to assess and corroborates the survey data. The study findings confirmed shortcomings in local skills in the public organisations in the petroleum industry. Comparatively, the results suggested that the performance appraisal tools could be further improved. The study also found local skills mismatch. It revealed that inadequate funding and delays in the release of funds affected local skill capacity building in the public-sector organisations in the industry. Originality, this is one of the very few studies to explore the shortcomings of local skill capacity in the selected organisation including the strategies used in addressing the skill gap. Research implications, more matched-sample studies are necessary to understand further how private companies (IOC’s) contributing to local skill capacity building. Practically, the study is of significance to the policymakers to address the skill gap in the energy sector. The main contribution of the research is to conceptualise the concept of HRM in Ghana’s context. The thesis, therefore, is an essential contribution to our understanding of the skill gap in the oil and gas industry in Ghana and the role of HR in this field.

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Saleh-Bala, Maimuna Lami. "Conceptualising sustainable future landscapes : a case study with communities of the oil and gas exploration region Nigeria." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3881.

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The Federal government of Nigeria has undertaken social intervention programmes in the oil and gas exploration Region since 1960 producing an average of one programme each decade to address the underdevelopment of the Region. This underdevelopment appears to be as a result of the devastating effects of the oil spills and gas flaring in the Region. This has affected community wellbeing and connection with the landscape as over 94% are small communities in rural landscapes. The result is loss of livelihood, social disintegration and disruption of economic activities locally and nationally. The most recent government intervention programme is the Niger Delta Regional Development Master Plan (NDRDMP) of 2006 with the goal of sustainable development of the Region. This thesis therefore aligns with the argument that spatial planning is the critical sector to examine, as the problem of the Niger Delta Region is presently predominantly that of landscape degradation. Landscape planning is essential in planning for sustainability; to improve the quality of the environment at the community level it aspires for quality environments. But what vision should guide landscape planning and the future landscape change of the Region? A review of the relevant literature indicates that emerging theories view the landscape as a holistic representation of the interaction between human and natural processes and a need for transdisciplinary planning. The thesis supports this view and argues for creating a future landscape vision with the communities who live and work the landscape of the Region. Hence an empirical study of types of communities that define the Region was conducted. Using an interpretivist theoretical perspective and guided by questions posed by the Carl Steinitz Framework Model of 1990 (revised 1995; 2012) a case study approach and a variety of data collection tools appropriate to demographic groupings were employed. The findings provided insights from an analysis of the narratives of different demographic groups on the community landscape representations. Four landscape types were identified as well as various political and economic impacts on the landscape. Oil and gas exploration activities were seen not always to be the direct driver of the cultural landscape changes. The thesis demonstrated that engaging the community can help to identify the different drivers of landscape change relating to each landscape type examined. It also outlined possible change drivers for future landscapes. An implication for landscape planning is the importance in considering how future landscapes can be effectively conceptualised in a situation where the community landscapes are predominantly small and in rural settings.

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Manuel, Christopher D. "Techniques for improved 2-D Kirchhoff prestack depth imaging." Thesis, Curtin University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1213.

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The goal of oil and gas exploration using seismic methods is to accurately locate geological structures that could host such reserves. As the search for these resources tends towards more complex regions, it is necessary to develop methods to extract as much information as possible from the seismic data acquired. Prestack depth imaging is a seismic processing technique that has the capability to produce a realistic depth image of geological structures in complex situations. However, improvements to this technique are required to increase the accuracy of the final depth image and ensure that the targets are accurately located. Although prestack depth imaging possesses the ability to produce a depth image of the Earth, it does have its disadvantages. Three problematic areas in depth imaging are: the computer run times (and hence costs) are excessively high; the success of depth migration is highly dependent upon the accuracy of the interval velocity model; and seismic multiples often obscure the primary reflection events representative of the subsurface geology. Velocity model building accounts for most of the effort in prestack depth imaging and is also responsible for the likelihood of success. However, the more effort that is expended on this process, the greater the cost of producing the required depth section. In addition, multiples remain a problem in complex depth imaging since many attenuation techniques are based assumptions that may only be approximately correct and in addition require a priori information. The Kirchhoff method is considered to be the workhorse in industry for prestack depth imaging. It is a simple and flexible technique to implement, and usually produces acceptable images at a small fraction of the cost of the other depth migration methods.However, it is highly dependent on a method for calculating the traveltimes that are required for mapping data from the prestack domain to the output depth section. In addition, it is highly dependent on the accuracy of the interval velocity model. Multiples can also be problematic in complex geological scenarios. To improve the quality of the depth section obtained from Kirchhoff depth imaging, these three issues are considered in this thesis. This thesis took on the challenge of developing new techniques for (a) improving the accuracy and efficiency of traveltimes calculated for use in Kirchhoff prestack depth imaging, (b) building the interval velocity model, and (c) multiple attenuation in complex geological areas. Three new techniques were developed and tested using a variety of numerical models. A new traveltime computation method for simulating seismic multiple reflections was tested and compared with a Promax© finite-difference traveltime solver. The same method was also used to improve the computational efficiency whilst retaining traveltime accuracy. This was demonstrated by application to the well-known Marmousi velocity model and a velocity model obtained from analysis of data from the North West Shelf of Western Australia.A new interval velocity model building technique that utilises the information contained in multiple events was also implemented and tested successfully using a variety of numerical models. Finally, a new processing sequence for multiple attenuation in the prestack depth domain was designed and tested with promising results being observed. Improved accuracy in the depth image can be obtained by combining the three techniques I have developed. These techniques enable this to be achieved by firstly improving traveltime accuracy and computation efficiency. These benefits are then combined with a more accurate interval velocity model and data with a minimal problematic multiple content to produce an accurate depth image. These new techniques for Kirchhoff depth imaging are capable of producing a depth section with improved accuracy, and with increased efficiency, that will aid in the process of seismic interpretation.

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Tungaraza, Joseph Mtebe. "Legal reform of oil and gas law in Tanzania in relation to foreign direct investment." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4772.

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Magister Legum - LLM
The objective of this study is to analyse the law relating to exploration and production of oil and gas in Tanzania in relation to the protection of FDI. The analysis will be based on the international standards for the protection of FDI. Some of these standards are contained in international instruments and some of them have attained the status of customary international law. Examples of such standards include: Fair and Equitable Treatment (FET), Full Protection and Security (FPS), non-arbitrariness and non-discrimination, among others. Some international instruments to be referred to include the 1992 World Bank Guidelines on Treatment of FDI and the CERDS.

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Nakanishi, Takeshi. "Practical application of sequence stratigraphy and risk analysis for stratigraphic trap exploration." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn1635.pdf.

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"September 2002" Includes bibliographical references (leaves 200-209) Outlines an evaluation procedure for stratigraphic trap exploration by employing sequence stratigraphy, 3D seismic data visualisation and quantitative risk analysis with case studies in an actual exploration basin.

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Ibem-Ezera, Victor. "Environmental Control in Oil & Gas Exploration & Production : A Case Study of the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria, West Africa." Thesis, Linköping University, Environmental Technique and Management, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-57601.

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The goal of this study is to examine the environmental impacts of oil and gas exploration and production (E&P), the roles of legislation, and the environmental management strategies in the petroleum industry with respect to the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The study seeks to suggest sustainable solutions to the endemic economic, social, and environmental problems associated with oil and gas E&P in the region. The focus is on the environmental control in the upstream (E&P) operations of the oil and gas industry as it affects the Niger Delta region of Nigeria with a view to proffering sustainable solutions.

The heavily polluting activities and environmental impacts of the upstream oil and gas operations in the Niger Delta have over the years taken a routine dimension and are endemic as a result of inadequate environmental legislations and ineffective enforcements. Sequel to these environmental impacts is militancy, adoption of expatriates, communal conflicts, inter-ethnic conflicts, human right abuses, restiveness and other social vices as the study reveals. These social and environmental impacts of oil and gas activities in this region bring impoverishment, abject poverty, hunger, squalor, birth disease, gene mutation, and death while exposing inhabitants of the region to afflictions and diseases as the study explicitly documents.

The study also reveals that the persistence rate of unrest, restiveness, militancy and other social vices is as a result of non-dialogue status between the different stakeholders, lack of infrastructural development, lack of basic amenities, high rate of unemployment, poor policy construct, federalized mineral right / resource ownership structure, and the monopolistic nature of Nigeria’s foreign exchange earning in petroleum resources.

In this dissertation, both proactive and corrective measures to curb the menace of the social, economic and environmental impacts of oil and gas exploration & production operations in Nigeria are presented and discussed with suggestions to sustainable solution and development, better environmental legislation, and better resource policy construct while advocating for good industrial practices in the petroleum industry with emphasis on the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.

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Bala, Masud. "Effects of IFRS adoption on the financial statements of Nigerian listed entities : the case of oil and gas companies." Thesis, Abertay University, 2015. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/2a81c014-18a6-4372-90c8-985f6ad8e0d3.

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On 28 July 2010, the Nigerian Federal Executive Council approved January 1, 2012 as the effective date for the convergence of Nigerian Statement of Accounting Standards (SAS) or Nigerian GAAP (NG-GAAP) with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). By this pronouncement, all publicly listed companies and significant public interest entities in Nigeria were statutorily required to issue IFRS based financial statements for the year ended December, 2012. This study investigates the impact of the adoption of IFRS on the financial statements of Nigerian listed Oil and Gas entities using six years of data which covers three years before and three years after IFRS adoption in Nigeria and other African countries. First, the study evaluates the impact of IFRS adoption on the Exploration and Evaluation (E&E) expenditures of listed Oil and Gas companies. Second, it examines the impact of IFRS adoption on the provision for decommissioning of Oil and Gas installations and environmental rehabilitation expenditures. Third, the study analyses the impact of the adoption of IFRS on the average daily Crude Oil production cost per Barrel. Fourth, it examines the extent to which the adoption and implementation of IFRS affects the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) of listed Oil and Gas companies. The study further explores the impact of IFRS adoption on the contractual relationships between Nigerian Government and Oil and Gas companies in terms of Joint Ventures (JVs) and Production Sharing Contracts (PSCs) as it relates to taxes, royalties, bonuses and Profit Oil Split. A Paired Samples t-test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test and Gray’s (Gray, 1980) Index of Conservatism analyses were conducted simultaneously where the accounting numbers, financial ratios and industry specific performance measures of GAAP and IFRS were computed and analysed and the significance of the differences of the mean, median and Conservatism Index values were compared before and after IFRS adoption. Questionnaires were then administered to the key stakeholders in the adoption and implementation of IFRS and the responses collated and analysed. The results of the analyses reveal that most of the accounting numbers, financial ratios and industry specific performance measures examined changed significantly as a result of the transition from GAAP to IFRS. The E&E expenditures and the mean cost of Crude Oil production per barrel of Oil and Gas companies increased significantly. The GAAP values of inventories, GPM, ROA, Equity and TA were also significantly different from the IFRS values. However, the differences in the provision for decommissioning expenditures were not statistically significant. Gray’s (Gray, 1980) Conservatism Index shows that Oil and Gas companies were more conservative under GAAP when compared to the IFRS regime. The Questionnaire analyses reveal that IFRS based financial statements are of higher quality, easier to prepare and present to management and easier to compare among competitors across the Oil and Gas sector but slightly more difficult to audit compared to GAAP based financial statements. To my knowledge, this is the first empirical research to investigate the impact of IFRS adoption on the financial statements of listed Oil and Gas companies. The study will therefore make an enormous contribution to academic literature and body of knowledge and void the existing knowledge gap regarding the impact and implications of IFRS adoption on the financial statements of Oil and Gas companies.

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Manuel, Christopher D. "Techniques for improved 2-D Kirchhoff prestack depth imaging." Curtin University of Technology, School of Resource Science and Technology, 2002. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=13308.

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The goal of oil and gas exploration using seismic methods is to accurately locate geological structures that could host such reserves. As the search for these resources tends towards more complex regions, it is necessary to develop methods to extract as much information as possible from the seismic data acquired. Prestack depth imaging is a seismic processing technique that has the capability to produce a realistic depth image of geological structures in complex situations. However, improvements to this technique are required to increase the accuracy of the final depth image and ensure that the targets are accurately located. Although prestack depth imaging possesses the ability to produce a depth image of the Earth, it does have its disadvantages. Three problematic areas in depth imaging are: the computer run times (and hence costs) are excessively high; the success of depth migration is highly dependent upon the accuracy of the interval velocity model; and seismic multiples often obscure the primary reflection events representative of the subsurface geology. Velocity model building accounts for most of the effort in prestack depth imaging and is also responsible for the likelihood of success. However, the more effort that is expended on this process, the greater the cost of producing the required depth section. In addition, multiples remain a problem in complex depth imaging since many attenuation techniques are based assumptions that may only be approximately correct and in addition require a priori information. The Kirchhoff method is considered to be the workhorse in industry for prestack depth imaging. It is a simple and flexible technique to implement, and usually produces acceptable images at a small fraction of the cost of the other depth migration methods.
However, it is highly dependent on a method for calculating the traveltimes that are required for mapping data from the prestack domain to the output depth section. In addition, it is highly dependent on the accuracy of the interval velocity model. Multiples can also be problematic in complex geological scenarios. To improve the quality of the depth section obtained from Kirchhoff depth imaging, these three issues are considered in this thesis. This thesis took on the challenge of developing new techniques for (a) improving the accuracy and efficiency of traveltimes calculated for use in Kirchhoff prestack depth imaging, (b) building the interval velocity model, and (c) multiple attenuation in complex geological areas. Three new techniques were developed and tested using a variety of numerical models. A new traveltime computation method for simulating seismic multiple reflections was tested and compared with a Promax© finite-difference traveltime solver. The same method was also used to improve the computational efficiency whilst retaining traveltime accuracy. This was demonstrated by application to the well-known Marmousi velocity model and a velocity model obtained from analysis of data from the North West Shelf of Western Australia.
A new interval velocity model building technique that utilises the information contained in multiple events was also implemented and tested successfully using a variety of numerical models. Finally, a new processing sequence for multiple attenuation in the prestack depth domain was designed and tested with promising results being observed. Improved accuracy in the depth image can be obtained by combining the three techniques I have developed. These techniques enable this to be achieved by firstly improving traveltime accuracy and computation efficiency. These benefits are then combined with a more accurate interval velocity model and data with a minimal problematic multiple content to produce an accurate depth image. These new techniques for Kirchhoff depth imaging are capable of producing a depth section with improved accuracy, and with increased efficiency, that will aid in the process of seismic interpretation.

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20

Futter, Alison Jane. "The taxation of oil and gas exploration and production in South Africa : a critical comparison of the OP26 and Tenth Schedule tax regimes." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10488.

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Includes abstract.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-123).
This dissertation provides a clear exposition of difficult legal tracts of the Income Tax Act, OP26 prospecting leases, OP26 mining leases and OP26 prospecting sub-lease agreements and the Tenth Schedule of the Income Tax Act.

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Shortland, Susan. "Women's participation in expatriation : the contribution of organisational policy & practice : a case study of the oil & gas exploration & production sector." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2012. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/8z4x1/women-s-participation-in-expatriation-the-contribution-of-organisational-policy-practice-a-case-study-of-the-oil-gas-exploration-production-sector.

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This thesis contributes to knowledge by demonstrating how organisational policies and practices can make a difference to increasing women’s expatriate participation in the oil and gas exploration and production sector. Through a census survey of female international assignees and in-depth interviews addressing their concerns in a UK-based case study setting, it explains why women hold such a low volume (approximately one-tenth) of the sector’s expatriate roles. International assignments are a business necessity as expatriates supply specialist skills and strategic vision. Given skills shortages in the sector, the case for increasing expatriate gender diversity is strong. This study is important and timely as, thus far, we know very little about how organisational policy and practice can increase expatriate gender participation. Hence, this thesis addresses deficiencies in the extant literature and contributes new academic knowledge. It also provides practical suggestions to enable organisations to widen expatriate gender diversity. The thesis identifies the effects of horizontal and vertical segregation, assignment type and underpinning organisational policies on women’s expatriate participation. Relatively few women are suitably qualified for the majority of expatriate engineering and exploration posts. Yet, even when they hold appropriate qualifications, women experience intense competition for career-enhancing expatriation and are segregated into noninternationally mobile occupations. As international experience is a prerequisite for career development, women are disadvantaged. Women prefer long-term accompanied assignments as these provide the highest career contribution coupled with home life/ family stability, underpinned by generous remuneration/ benefits packages. Unaccompanied shortterm, rotational and commuter assignments are less attractive. As assignment lengths shorten due to cost and other pressures, career contribution and family life and, consequently, women’s expatriate participation are affected detrimentally. Organisational policy supporting expatriation is implemented formally and informally. Yet, strong reliance on high levels of networking to gain expatriate roles potentially creates and reinforces vertical segregation. While equal opportunity is espoused and diversity policy is in place, strategic and operational action to increase women’s share of expatriation is lacking. A meritocracy prevails and women compete in an expatriate ‘male game’.

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Howard, Mitchell James. "Development of a machine-tooling-process integrated approach for abrasive flow machining (AFM) of difficult-to-machine materials with application to oil and gas exploration componenets." Thesis, Brunel University, 2014. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/9262.

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Abrasive flow machining (AFM) is a non-traditional manufacturing technology used to expose a substrate to pressurised multiphase slurry, comprised of superabrasive grit suspended in a viscous, typically polymeric carrier. Extended exposure to the slurry causes material removal, where the quantity of removal is subject to complex interactions within over 40 variables. Flow is contained within boundary walls, complex in form, causing physical phenomena to alter the behaviour of the media. In setting factors and levels prior to this research, engineers had two options; embark upon a wasteful, inefficient and poor-capability trial and error process or they could attempt to relate the findings they achieve in simple geometry to complex geometry through a series of transformations, providing information that could be applied over and over. By condensing process variables into appropriate study groups, it becomes possible to quantify output while manipulating only a handful of variables. Those that remain un-manipulated are integral to the factors identified. Through factorial and response surface methodology experiment designs, data is obtained and interrogated, before feeding into a simulated replica of a simple system. Correlation with physical phenomena is sought, to identify flow conditions that drive material removal location and magnitude. This correlation is then applied to complex geometry with relative success. It is found that prediction of viscosity through computational fluid dynamics can be used to estimate as much as 94% of the edge-rounding effect on final complex geometry. Surface finish prediction is lower (~75%), but provides significant relationship to warrant further investigation. Original contributions made in this doctoral thesis include; 1) A method of utilising computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to derive a suitable process model for the productive and reproducible control of the AFM process, including identification of core physical phenomena responsible for driving erosion, 2) Comprehensive understanding of effects of B4C-loaded polydimethylsiloxane variants used to process Ti6Al4V in the AFM process, including prediction equations containing numerically-verified second order interactions (factors for grit size, grain fraction and modifier concentration), 3) Equivalent understanding of machine factors providing energy input, studying velocity, temperature and quantity. Verified predictions are made from data collected in Ti6Al4V substrate material using response surface methodology, 4) Holistic method to translating process data in control-geometry to an arbitrary geometry for industrial gain, extending to a framework for collecting new data and integrating into current knowledge, and 5) Application of methodology using research-derived CFD, applied to complex geometry proven by measured process output. As a result of this project, four publications have been made to-date – two peer-reviewed journal papers and two peer-reviewed international conference papers. Further publications will be made from June 2014 onwards.

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Afsar, Fatima. "ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF 2D/3D SEISMIC DATA OVER DHURNAL OIL FIELD, NORTHERN PAKISTAN." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Geofysik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-202565.

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The study area, Dhurnal oil field, is located 74 km southwest of Islamabad in the Potwar basin of Pakistan. Discovered in March 1984, the field was developed with four producing wells and three water injection wells. Three main limestone reservoirs of Eocene and Paleocene ages are present in this field. These limestone reservoirs are tectonically fractured and all the production is derived from these fractures. The overlying claystone formation of Miocene age provides vertical and lateral seal to the Paleocene and Permian carbonates. The field started production in May 1984, reaching a maximum rate of 19370 BOPD in November 1989. Currently Dhurnal‐1 (D-1) and Dhurnal‐6 (D-6) wells are producing 135 BOPD and 0.65 MMCF/D gas. The field has depleted after producing over 50 million Bbls of oil and 130 BCF of gas from naturally fractured low energy shelf carbonates of the Eocene, Paleocene and Permian reservoirs. Preliminary geological and geophysical data evaluation of Dhurnal field revealed the presence of an up-dip anticlinal structure between D-1 and D-6 wells, seen on new 2003 reprocessed data. However, this structural impression is not observed on old 1987 processed data. The aim of this research is to compare and evaluate old and new reprocessed data in order to identify possible factors affecting the structural configuration. For this purpose, a detailed interpretation of old and new reprocessed data is carried out and results clearly demonstrate that structural compartmentalization exists in Dhurnal field (based on 2003 data). Therefore, to further analyse the available data sets, processing sequences pertaining to both vintages have been examined. After great effort and detailed investigation, it is concluded that the major parameter giving rise to this data discrepancy is the velocity analysis done with different gridding intervals. The detailed and dense velocity analysis carried out on the data in 2003 was able to image the subtle anticlinal feature, which was missed on the 1987 processed seismic data due to sparse gridding. In addition to this, about 105 sq.km 3D seismic data recently (2009) acquired by Ocean Pakistan Limited (OPL) is also interpreted in this project to gain greater confidence on the results. The 3D geophysical interpretation confirmed the findings and aided in accurately mapping the remaining hydrocarbon potential of Dhurnal field.

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Zamith, Maria Regina Macchione de Arruda. ""A nova economia institucional e as atividades de exploração e produção Onshore de petroléo e gás natural em campos maduros no Brasil"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-31072005-002338/.

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Adotando os conceitos da Nova Economia Institucional (NEI) e de sua vertente, a teoria da Economia dos Custos de Transação (ECT), apresenta-se, neste trabalho, uma discussão sobre o ambiente institucional brasileiro para o setor de exploração e produção (E&P) de petróleo e gás natural, sua regulação e caracterização. Discute-se as especificidades relativas às condições de desenvolvimento das atividades em campos de petróleo considerados maduros e/ou marginais, que constituem a maior parte das bacias brasileiras conhecidas em terra. O trabalho defende que este segmento de atividades de E&P requer um tratamento diferenciado em termos de regulação e outras políticas públicas, visando privilegiar a entrada de novos agentes e aumentar seu dinamismo no longo prazo. Contrapondo ao ambiente institucional nacional, optou-se por estudar o desenvolvimento das atividades onshore no Texas. Assim, estabelece-se comparações entre as duas realidades com relação à sua regulamentação, programas de incentivos, estrutura industrial, histórico de atividades e, principalmente, em relação à ação dos respectivos órgãos reguladores, a Agência Nacional de Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis (ANP), pelo Brasil, e a Texas Railroad Commission (TRC), pelo Texas. A experiência da TRC no setor petroleiro texano, cujas características presentes, por se tratar de campos produtores de petróleo maduros, possuem certa similaridade com os campos em terra no Brasil, revela uma série de direções para o aprimoramento da regulação petroleira brasileira no sentido de promover suas atividades onshore.
By Adopting the New Institutional Economics (NIE), and the theory of Transaction Cost Economics (TCE), this work discuss about the Brazilian institutional environment for oil and natural gas exploration and production (E&P), the regulation and main features. This study discusses the specificities related to the development of onshore activities on mature and/or marginal oil and gas fields. These areas are the majority on the Brazilian developed onshore segment. The Thesis sustains that such a segment of E&P activities needs a special treatment in terms of regulation and other public policies, aiming at to improving the entrance of new players in the sector and its long-term growing. For a comparative analysis, the study of the onshore activities development in Texas provides important insights to understand and criticize de Brazilian situation. The Thesis compares both realities in terms of the regulation and incentives programs, industrial structure, history of activities as well as the main role players by the respective Oil and Gas Regulator, the National Petroleum Agency (ANP) in Brazil, and the Texas Railroad Commission (TRC) in Texas. TRCs long experience in regulating Texas onshore oil and gas activities, whose present situation has similarities regarding to the Brazilian onshore areas (by their maturity), reveals a series of paths to improve Brazils oil and gas regulation and boost its onshore activities.

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Pennell, Alexa Olivia. "The Influence of Petroleum Exploration on the Distribution of Cetaceans in the Gulf of Mexico." NSUWorks, 2011. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/186.

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The objective of this thesis was to determine if there were any correlations in the distribution of cetaceans, especially sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus), pantropical dolphins (Stenella attenuata), bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), and Risso’s dolphins (Grampus griseus) in the northern Gulf of Mexico because of the influence of oil and gas production and exploration. This research is important because of the lack of knowledge about the impact of anthropogenic sounds from oil and gas exploration and production (E&P) on cetacean distribution in the Gulf of Mexico. I analyzed cetacean visual line-transect survey results from the Gulf of Mexico for period of 1992 – 2001. I divided this time span into an early period (1992 – 1997) and a late period (1998 – 2001). I overlayed the locations of cetacean sightings and the locations of oil and gas E&P platforms to demonstrate their close association in space, and tested a hypothesis that distribution would shift south correlated with changes in distribution of E&P. I compared the distributions of cetacean sightings in the entire Gulf of Mexico, and separated the Gulf of Mexico into east and west, between the early period and the late period. The east Gulf of Mexico represents an area without oil and gas E&P platforms and the west Gulf of Mexico is the area where oil and gas E&P platforms are located. The null hypothesis for these tests was that there was no difference in cetacean distribution between the early period and the late period. I also compared the distribution of sperm whales, pantropical dolphins, bottlenose dolphins, and Risso’s dolphins in the entire Gulf of Mexico, both east and west, between the early and late periods. I expect if distribution changes were correlated with changes in E&P distribution, then there will be a shift south in the western Gulf. Changes in distribution in the eastern Gulf would not be correlated with E&P. I found that the sightings per unit effort (SPUE) of all cetacean sightings in the entire Gulf of Mexico shifted to the south in the late period, as compared to the early period .The distribution of all cetacean sightings for the late period (1998-2001) was significantly different compared to the distributions of all cetacean sightings in the early period (1992-1997). The SPUE of sperm whale and bottlenose dolphin distributions were shifted to the north in the late period (1998-2001) compared to the early period (1992-1997). While pantropical dolphin distributions were significantly shifted to the south between the two time periods. I observed that the SPUE of all cetaceans sightings in the east Gulf of Mexico for the early period (1992-1997) were shifted to the south compared to the west, which were not different. The SPUE for sperm whales in the east for the early period were marginally shifted to the north in comparison to the west, which were also shifted further north. The SPUE for Risso’s dolphins in the east were shifted further north while in the west SPUE were shifted to the south. The SPUE for pantropical dolphin sightings were shifted to the north in both the east and west regions. While the SPUE for bottlenose dolphin sightings were shifted to the north in both the east and west Gulf of Mexico. My SPUE results suggest that pantropical dolphins, like the total cetaceans examined here, have shifted their distributions in the entire northern Gulf of Mexico to the south. However, in areas of high oil and gas E&P platforms the distributions of sperm whales and bottlenose dolphins did not shift their distributions from the early period to the late period to the south even though these E&P activities have shifted to the south over the past two decades as they expanded into the deeper waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Therefore, there is little evidence that large scale changes in the latitudinal distribution of marine mammals in the Northern Gulf have occurred as a result of greater offshore E&P activity.

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Tung, Aaron Wei Jie. "An Exploration of Stakeholder Impacts on the Decommissioning of Offshore Oil and Gas Facilities – The Design, Development, and Analysis of Stakeholder Oriented Critical Paths for United Kingdom and Australia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/84227.

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Past experiences shows that decommissioning activities attracts significant attention from stakeholders who can influence and impact decommissioning projects. This thesis enhances project manager’s understanding of the decommissioning landscape, so that better decisions can be made when managing stakeholders. The thesis highlights that engaging the right stakeholders, in the right way, and at the right time minimises the risk of negative impacts while maximising benefits from stakeholders, leading to a smoother execution of decommissioning projects.

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McClaren, Mersiha Spahic. "Energy Efficiency and Conservation Attitudes| An Exploration of a Landscape of Choices." Thesis, Portland State University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3687548.

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This study explored energy-related attitudes and energy-saving behaviors that are no- or low-cost and relatively simple to perform. This study relied on two data sources: a longitudinal but cross-sectional survey of 4,102 U.S. residents (five biennial waves of this survey were conducted from 2002 to 2010) and a 2010 cross-sectional survey of 2,000 California residents. These two surveys contained data on two no- and low-cost behaviors: changing thermostat setting to save energy (no-cost behavior) and CFL installation behavior (low-cost behavior). In terms of attitudes, two attitudinal measures emerged from these data following a Cronbach's alpha and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA): the pro-environmental attitude and concern for the energy use in the U.S. society. These two attitudes, along with other socio-demographic and external factors (home ownership, weather, price of energy, etc.), were examined to assess whether attitude-behavior relationships persisted over time, were more prominent across certain groups, or were constrained by income or other socio-demographic factors. Three theoretical viewpoints of how attitudes may relate to behavior guided the analysis on how attitudes and contextual factors may inter-relate either directly or through a moderator variable to affect thermostat-setting and CFL installation behavior.

Results from these analyses revealed four important patterns. First, a relationship between the pro-environmental attitude and the two behaviors (thermostat-setting and CFL installation behavior) was weak but persistent across time. Second, financial factors such as income moderated the pro-environmental attitude and CFL installation relationship, indicating that the pro-environmental attitude could influence the behavior in those situations where financial resources are sufficient to comfortably allow the consumer to participate. Third, this study documented that most people reported changing thermostat settings to save energy or having one or more CFLs in their homes. This finding suggests that organizations, policy makers, or energy efficiency program administrators may want to assess whether they should pursue these two behaviors further, since they appear to be very common in the U.S. population. Last, this study showed that thermostat-setting and CFL installation behavior have multi-factorial influences; many factors in addition to attitudes were significantly associated with these behaviors, and all these factors together explained no more than 16% of behavioral variance. This suggested that if energy-saving behaviors are a function of many different variables, of which none appear to be the "silver bullet" in explaining the behaviors (as noted in this study), then policy analysis should explore a broader number of causal pathways and entertain a wider range of interventions to influence consumers to save energy.

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Al-Farsi, Afkar Nadhim. "Radiological aspects of petroleum exploration and production in the sultanate of Oman." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/29817/1/Afkar_Al-Farsi_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis is a study of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) activity concentration, gamma dose rate and radon (222Rn) exhalation from the waste streams of large-scale onshore petroleum operations. Types of activities covered included; sludge recovery from separation tanks, sludge farming, NORM storage, scaling in oil tubulars, scaling in gas production and sedimentation in produced water evaporation ponds. Field work was conducted in the arid desert terrain of an operational oil exploration and production region in the Sultanate of Oman. The main radionuclides found were 226Ra and 210Pb (238U - series), 228Ra and 228Th (232Th - series), and 227Ac (235U - series), along with 40K. All activity concentrations were higher than the ambient soil level and varied over several orders of magnitude. The range of gamma dose rates at a 1 m height above ground for the farm treated sludge had a range of 0.06 0.43 µSv h 1, and an average close to the ambient soil mean of 0.086 ± 0.014 µSv h 1, whereas the untreated sludge gamma dose rates had a range of 0.07 1.78 µSv h 1, and a mean of 0.456 ± 0.303 µSv h 1. The geometric mean of ambient soil 222Rn exhalation rate for area surrounding the sludge was mBq m 2 s 1. Radon exhalation rates reported in oil waste products were all higher than the ambient soil value and varied over three orders of magnitude. This study resulted in some unique findings including: (i) detection of radiotoxic 227Ac in the oil scales and sludge, (ii) need of a new empirical relation between petroleum sludge activity concentrations and gamma dose rates, and (iii) assessment of exhalation of 222Rn from oil sludge. Additionally the study investigated a method to determine oil scale and sludge age by the use of inherent behaviour of radionuclides as 228Ra:226Ra and 228Th:228Ra activity ratios.

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Al-Farsi, Afkar Nadhim. "Radiological aspects of petroleum exploration and production in the sultanate of Oman." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/29817/.

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This thesis is a study of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) activity concentration, gamma dose rate and radon (222Rn) exhalation from the waste streams of large-scale onshore petroleum operations. Types of activities covered included; sludge recovery from separation tanks, sludge farming, NORM storage, scaling in oil tubulars, scaling in gas production and sedimentation in produced water evaporation ponds. Field work was conducted in the arid desert terrain of an operational oil exploration and production region in the Sultanate of Oman. The main radionuclides found were 226Ra and 210Pb (238U - series), 228Ra and 228Th (232Th - series), and 227Ac (235U - series), along with 40K. All activity concentrations were higher than the ambient soil level and varied over several orders of magnitude. The range of gamma dose rates at a 1 m height above ground for the farm treated sludge had a range of 0.06 0.43 µSv h 1, and an average close to the ambient soil mean of 0.086 ± 0.014 µSv h 1, whereas the untreated sludge gamma dose rates had a range of 0.07 1.78 µSv h 1, and a mean of 0.456 ± 0.303 µSv h 1. The geometric mean of ambient soil 222Rn exhalation rate for area surrounding the sludge was mBq m 2 s 1. Radon exhalation rates reported in oil waste products were all higher than the ambient soil value and varied over three orders of magnitude. This study resulted in some unique findings including: (i) detection of radiotoxic 227Ac in the oil scales and sludge, (ii) need of a new empirical relation between petroleum sludge activity concentrations and gamma dose rates, and (iii) assessment of exhalation of 222Rn from oil sludge. Additionally the study investigated a method to determine oil scale and sludge age by the use of inherent behaviour of radionuclides as 228Ra:226Ra and 228Th:228Ra activity ratios.

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30

Ghadhban, Zaid T. "Design of a stand alone fully integrated communications, monitoring and control system for a novel remote sub-sea gas facility." Curtin University of Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, 2008. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=120520.

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The growing demand for hydrocarbon fluids, and the future expectation of insufficient onshore reserves, is driving the exploration and development of off-shore oil and gas fields. A significantly increasing number of the new fields are situated in deep water, placing significant constraints on the application of conventional platform (sea surface) systems. This has, by necessity, generated the rapid growth of sub-sea processing technology.
An integral part of a novel sub-sea natural gas dehydration project is the need to design and develop a communications, monitor and control system that is extremely reliable within a harsh marine environment. The off shore gas gathering and processing facility will be unmanned, therefore the entire ongoing operation of the sub-sea facility, and any sea surface equipment, will be dependent on the proper functioning of the communication system. System redundancy and low power consumption are also important issues.
The continuous bi-directional transmission of information between the field and shore-based control centres, together with the complexity of any maintenance / repair missions requires an extremely highly reliable system. The prospect of false alarms must be maintained at an absolute minimum.
Within this thesis the history and development of ocean based communications up to current state-of-the art technology is reviewed. Based on the unique and demanding requirements of the sub-sea gas processing facility, detailed recommendations are made for both a primary and back-up communication systems that meet the given criteria of being robust and having very low power requirements.

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Murchek, Jacob T. "Pre-Stack Seismic Inversion and Amplitude Variation with Offset (AVO) Attributes as Hydrocarbon Indicators in Carbonate Rocks: A Case Study from the Illinois Basin." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1620214269732212.

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Vega, Rengifo Beatriz de la. "Taxation on mining and hydrocarbon investments." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116765.

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This article comments the most important aspects of the tax treatment applicable to investments of mining and oil and gas industry. The document highlights the relevant tax topics of the general tax legislation(Income Tax Law) and the special legislation of both industries (General Mining Law and Hydrocarbons Organic Law).
Este artículo comenta los aspectos más relevantes del tratamiento tributario de las inversiones de la industria minera y de hidrocarburos, resaltando los puntos principales de la legislación tributaria general (Ley del Impuesto a la Renta) y sectorial (Ley General de Minería y Ley Orgánica de Hidrocarburos).

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Aby, Romain. "Analyse géopolitique des relations bilatérales entre l'Arabie saoudite et la Chine (1990 2017)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080020.

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RésuméEn juillet 1990 l’Arabie saoudite fut le dernier État arabe à établir des relations diplomatiques avec la Chine. Depuis cette date les deux pays ont connu une montée en puissance remarquable de leur partenariat énergétique et commercial avec des échanges qui sont passés de 500 millions de dollars en 1990 à près de 74 milliards en 2012. Cette évolution rapide fut en grande partie réalisée grâce à l’augmentation des exportations pétrolières faisant de la Chine le premier client de pétrole saoudien tandis que l’Arabie saoudite s’imposait comme son principal fournisseur. La médiatisation des enjeux énergétiques entraina néanmoins une multiplication des analyses de cette relation bilatérale à travers le prisme pétrolier qui occulta la diversité des enjeux commerciaux, politiques, religieux et culturels. Cette recherche, basée sur une enquête de terrain de 16 mois en Arabie saoudite, se propose à travers une méthode d’analyse géopolitique multiscalaire de faire ressortir la diversité des acteurs et des enjeux de cette relation saoudo-chinoise à l’échelle internationale, régionale puis nationale tout en menant systématiquement un travail d’analyse des représentations centré autour de la perception saoudienne
In July 1990 Saudi Arabia was the last Arab state to establish diplomatic relations with China. Since then, the two countries have seen a remarkable rise in their energy and trade partnerships, with trade rising from dollars 500 million in 1990 to nearly dollars 74 billion in 2012. This rapid development was largely achieved through the increase in oil exports making China the largest customer of Saudi oil, while Saudi Arabia established itself as its main supplier. However, media coverage of the energy issues led to an increase in the analysis of this bilateral relationship through the oil prism which obscured the diversity of commercial, political, religious and cultural ties. This research, based on a 16-month field survey in Saudi Arabia, proposes through a multi-scale geopolitical analysis method to bring out the diversity of the actors and the stakes of this Saudi-Chinese relationship on an international, regional and national scale while systematically carrying out an analysis of Saudi centered perceptions

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Araujo, Felipe Costa. "Métodos de análise multicritério e teoria dos jogos aplicados à escolha dos regimes alternativos para a exploração de petróleo e gás no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96132/tde-13082018-145437/.

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O Brasil vem passando por um período de mudanças na regulação do mercado de exploração e produção (E&P) de petróleo e gás com o intuito de promover o seu desenvolvimento econômico, tecnológico e científico. Duas destas mudanças foram responsáveis por drásticas modificações no mercado de E&P brasileiro, sendo a primeira, a quebra do monopólio da Petrobras em 1997 com o início da utilização do regime de concessão e, a segunda, a utilização do regime de partilha de produção a partir de 2013 para as áreas estratégicas, especialmente o pré-sal. A busca por um regime regulatório adequado para o mercado de E&P é uma tarefa bastante complexa, porque cada agente envolvido busca defender seus próprios interesses e critérios, o que acaba por resultar em um problema em grupo. Neste trabalho pioneiro, uma nova metodologia é proposta, combinando uma abordagem de tomada de decisão multicritério (MCDM/A) e a teoria de jogos, com o intuito de compreender e analisar mais profundamente este problema e encontrar soluções de equilíbrio. Esta metodologia inovadora é uma das contribuições deste trabalho e propõe modelar a escolha de um regime regulatório mais adequado como um jogo de negociação, levando em consideração as diferentes preferências e perspectivas de todos os agentes envolvidos no mercado brasileiro de E&P de petróleo e gás. Três aplicações práticas do modelo foram realizadas, sendo que as duas primeiras aplicações foram realizadas com dados teóricos e a terceira a partir de coleta de dados com especialistas do mercado de E&P brasileiro. Como principal resultado, verificou-se que a lógica destas aplicações práticas se assemelham ao jogo clássico da Batalha dos Sexos, onde as melhores soluções acontecem quando os agentes coordenam suas ações, mesmo com interesses opostos. Esta dinâmica de conflito de interesses torna a busca por soluções desafiante, sendo improvável que os objetivos de todos os jogadores sejam adequadamente atendidos por somente uma opção, independentemente da alternativa escolhida.
Brazil is facing a period of changes in its regulatory frameworks aiming to promote the economic, technological and scientific development of its entire oil and gas exploration and production (E&P) market. Two of these changes have drastically modified the Brazilian E&P market, which the first one was the utilization of the concession regime breaking the Petrobras monopoly after 1997 and the second one, the adoption of production sharing contracts (PSCs) after 2013 for all the strategic areas, especially the pre-salt. Finding a suitable regulatory framework for the E&P market is a quite complicated task, because every agent involved seeks to defend its own interests and criteria, resulting in a group problem. In this pioneering work, a new methodology is proposed by combining a multicriteria decision-making (MCDM/A) and a game theory approach, targeting to understand and analyze more deeply this complex problem in order to find equilibrium solutions. This innovative methodology is one of the main contributions of this work and proposes to model the choosing of an appropriate regulatory framework as a negotiation game, taking into account the different preferences and perspectives of all agents involved in the Brazilian E&P market. Three practical applications were performed, where the first two were carried out with theoretical data and the third one by using data collected with Brazilian E&P market experts. The main outcome identified that the logic behind these practical applications is similar to the classical game of Battle of sexes, where the best solutions happen when players coordinate their actions, even with opposing interests. This dynamic of conflict of interests makes the search for adequate solutions a challenging task, being unlikely that the objectives of all the players will be sufficiently accomplished by only one option, regardless of the alternative chosen.

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Aramayo, Jesus Leodaly Salazar. "Modelagem do desempenho ambiental dos projetos de explora??o e produ??o aplicando equa??es estruturais." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13026.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:09:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JesusLSA_TESE_CAPA_pag143.pdf: 3891956 bytes, checksum: 979c7822b8f806860f7665c2bf39650c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-08
A legisla??o ambiental e os principais agentes que se relacionam com a empresa se constituem em fatores ex?genos que n?o podem ser negligenciados ao formular-se e avaliar-se a pol?tica ambiental corporativa. As influ?ncias ex?genas e seus efeitos sobre a gest?o ambiental e o gerenciamento de projetos de explora??o e produ??o (E&P) e, por essa via, sobre o desempenho ambiental, foram objetos de estudo desta tese. Embora o desempenho ambiental seja um assunto relevante, a pesquisa sobre esse tema ainda ? escassa. Tal car?ncia desponta ainda mais acentuada quando se aborda o desempenho ambiental de projetos na ind?stria de petr?leo e g?s. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a rela??o entre a legisla??o ambiental vigente, as a??es de ?rg?os reguladores, fornecedores, empresas terceirizadas e comunidades locais e o desempenho ambiental dos projetos de E&P na ind?stria de petr?leo e g?s e, tamb?m, analisar os efeitos do sistema de gest?o ambiental e o gerenciamento dos projetos sobre tal desempenho. Na fase abdutiva, foi conduzido um estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa em uma grande empresa brasileira do setor de petr?leo e g?s, na fase dedutiva, foi realizada uma pesquisa survey explanat?ria de corte transversal com abordagem quantitativa, incluindo 113 projetos de E&P de cinco unidades executoras da empresa. Foi formulado um modelo conceitual, com cinco construtos e sete hip?teses de pesquisa, representativo dos efeitos de fatores externos sobre o desempenho ambiental dos projetos de E&P. Os dados foram tratados aplicando a An?lise Fatorial Explorat?ria e a Modelagem de Equa??es Estruturais com aplica??o dos softwares IBM? SPSS? Statistics 20.0 e IBM? SPSS? Amos 18.0. O modelo de equa??es estruturais foi reespecificado e estimado utilizando o m?todo de M?xima Verossimilhan?a e o procedimento bootstrap com 2000 reamostragens, at? alcan?ar adequados valores dos ?ndices de ajustamento. O modelo mostrou boa ader?ncia ?s evid?ncias emp?ricas, representando uma teoria explicativa dos fatores que influenciam o desempenho ambiental dos projetos de E&P na empresa estudada. As estat?sticas descritivas apontaram adequado desempenho dos projetos de E&P com rela??o aos efluentes descartados, volume de ?gua reutilizada, redu??o de res?duos e pr?ticas de reciclagem. Identificou-se que projetos de maior porte alcan?am melhor desempenho ambiental em rela??o aos de menor tamanho. N?o foram achadas diferen?as significativas entre os desempenhos de projetos executados por unidades operacionais distintas. Os resultados da modelagem indicaram que nem a legisla??o ambiental, nem os agentes externos exercem influ?ncia significativa sobre a sistem?tica da gest?o dos projetos de E&P. Os agentes externos atuam sobre a gest?o ambiental da empresa exercitando capacidades colaborativas, obstrutivas e propositivas. A legisla??o ambiental ? percebida como entrave ao desenvolvimento dos projetos ao longo de seu ciclo de vida, principalmente, pelas defici?ncias dos ?rg?os ambientais. Identificou-se que o sistema de gest?o ambiental influencia diretamente o Programa de Desenvolvimento e Execu??o de Projetos de E&P, que, por sua vez, provoca efeitos diretos e indiretos sobre o desempenho ambiental. Finalmente, comprovou-se que o Sistema de Gest?o Ambiental da empresa ? determinante para o desempenho ambiental dos projetos de E&P, tanto pelos seus efeitos diretos, como pelos indiretos, estes ?ltimos mediados pela sistem?tica de gest?o dos projetos de E&P

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Reiche-De, Vigan Stéphanie. "Le droit et l'espace souterrain. Enjeux de propriété et de souveraineté en droit international et comparé." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3044.

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L’espace souterrain, qui s’étend depuis la surface des terres émergées et des fonds marins jusqu’au centre de la Terre, est délaissé par le droit international. Aucune règle de droit international positif ne vient réglementer l’utilisation que les Etats font de leur espace souterrain territorial, cette utilisation et le régime de la propriété souterraine faisant partie de leur domaine réservé. Si les normes internationales régissent l’utilisation de l’espace souterrain extra-territorial, celui des grands fonds marins et celui de l’Antarctique, elles n’appréhendent l’espace souterrain qu’en termes d’utilisation et de mise en valeur des ressources minérales. De ce régime juridique d’exploration et d’exploitation des ressources minérales dépend d’ailleurs le statut juridique de l’espace souterrain qui va de la pleine souveraineté de l’Etat côtier à l’exclusion de toute appropriation nationale ou individuelle. Devant la multiplication des utilisations souterraines et face aux dommages environnementaux et aux violations des droits de l’homme liés à certaines de ces utilisations, le droit international doit réinvestir l’espace souterrain et notamment le contenu et l’étendue des droits qui le concernent tant dans l’ordre interne qu’international afin d’en réglementer la mise en valeur et d’en assurer la protection
Until today, there has been little interest of international Law concerning the earth’s subsurface, as the space that extends from the surface of the soil or of the seabed to the center of the earth. On the one hand, there is no rule of international law that regulates the use Sovereign States have of their territorial subsurface. It is currently understood that subsburface activities and property law that regulates them, are within domestic jurisdiction only and do not come under international law scrutinity as they waive the exercice of an absolute independance of States. On the other hand, the existing rules of international law that regulates extraterritorial subsurface, notably the seabed and ocean floor and subsoil thereof beyond national jurisdiction and the Antarctic, consider the earth’s subsurface mostly in terms of use and exploitation of mineral resources. Faced with the evergrowing uses of the subsurface that are solely used for extraction or for injection and storing, and regarding the impacts of some underground activities on the environment and on human rights, International Law must play a role by regulating the content and extent of rights that are exercised over the earth’s subsurface inside and outside territorial jurisdiction for development and protection purposes

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Hollt, Thomas. "Visual Workflows for Oil and Gas Exploration." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/287324.

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The most important resources to fulfill today’s energy demands are fossil fuels, such as oil and natural gas. When exploiting hydrocarbon reservoirs, a detailed and credible model of the subsurface structures to plan the path of the borehole, is crucial in order to minimize economic and ecological risks. Before that, the placement, as well as the operations of oil rigs need to be planned carefully, as off-shore oil exploration is vulnerable to hazards caused by strong currents. The oil and gas industry therefore relies on accurate ocean forecasting systems for planning their operations. This thesis presents visual workflows for creating subsurface models as well as planning the placement and operations of off-shore structures. Creating a credible subsurface model poses two major challenges: First, the structures in highly ambiguous seismic data are interpreted in the time domain. Second, a velocity model has to be built from this interpretation to match the model to depth measurements from wells. If it is not possible to obtain a match at all positions, the interpretation has to be updated, going back to the first step. This results in a lengthy back and forth between the different steps, or in an unphysical velocity model in many cases. We present a novel, integrated approach to interactively creating subsurface models from reflection seismics, by integrating the interpretation of the seismic data using an interactive horizon extraction technique based on piecewise global optimization with velocity modeling. Computing and visualizing the effects of changes to the interpretation and velocity model on the depth-converted model, on the fly enables an integrated feedback loop that enables a completely new connection of the seismic data in time domain, and well data in depth domain. For planning the operations of off-shore structures we present a novel integrated visualization system that enables interactive visual analysis of ensemble simulations used in ocean forecasting, i.e, simulations of sea surface elevation. Changes in sea surface elevation are a good indicator for the movement of loop current eddies. Our visualization approach enables their interactive exploration and analysis. We enable analysis of the spatial domain, for planning the placement of structures, as well as detailed exploration of the temporal evolution at any chosen position, for the prediction of critical ocean states that require the shutdown of rig operations. We illustrate this using a real-world simulation of the Gulf of Mexico.

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Liao, Bi-Yi, and 廖璧儀. "The Impact Analysis of World Shale Oil and Gas Exploration on Future Crude Oil Prices." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53140914698090216721.

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碩士
國立中興大學
應用經濟學系所
102
The US domestic oil price and gas wellhead prices have shown a decreasing trend since 2007 mainly because the increasing output of domestic shale oil and shale gas. Given the increasing output of the US shale oil and gas and the sustained high oil prices, many countries have started to explore and estimate their domestic shale oil and shale gas reserves. As a result, it is very likely that the global energy market could be affected by future large-scale worldwide shale oil and gas production. In this study, we first tried to estimate the impacts of the US shale oil and gas drilling activity on the price of West Texas Intermediate oil, and then evaluate the potential effects of large-scale worldwide shale oil and gas production on the future prices of Brent crude oil, Dubai crude oil, and overall world crude oil. To achieve our goals, two inverse demand functions were constructed to estimate the price effects of shale oil and gas production on crude oil prices. In our models, OECD, non-OECD and US oil import ratios were used as the main explanatory variables along with GDP, drilling activity, oil stock, and OPEC cheating variables. The results show that the US shale oil and gas production has significant negative effects on the WTI crude oil price. While the US shale oil and shale gas production may lead to the increase of world crude oil prices in the short run due to its import monopsony power, the future long-run prices of Brent crude oil, Dubai crude oil, and overall world crude oil may be reduced due to large-scale worldwide shale oil and gas production.

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Lanka, Sireesha. "Toward a model for estimating grid resource for oil and gas exploration." 2006. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-1961.pdf.

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Ko, Philip, and 柯正宗. "A Study on Joint Exploration and Development of Oil and Gas in Taiwan Strait." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47748698709866244480.

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"Patterns of partner selection within a network of joint ventures in oil and gas exploration." UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIX, 2009. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3345040.

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Ho, Chi-Ming, and 何其明. "A study of future strategies under privatization for Taiwan`s oil and gas exploration industries." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32259958688142895408.

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Bribena, E. K. "Nigeria, oil and gas exploration and the Niger delta question : a study in corporate social responsibility / E.K Bribena." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15770.

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This thesis addresses issues of the Niger Delta question which represents one of the most intractable sources of socio-political destabilization in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The study is on the intricate dynamics amongst the Nigerian state, the transnational oi l corporations, the oil - producing communities and the insurgent militia conflict. It investigates and explicates the "paradox of plenty" and the "resource curse", the "absentee government" and "state capture" and the debilitating effects of petroleum politics in Nigeria. The economic exploitation of the Niger Delta region's vast crude oil reserves by transnational oi l corporations and government authorities is juxtaposed with the spectre of environmental degradation, human rights violations, and the recurrent rule of impunity. The protracted problems of the Niger Delta region thus, provide us with a pertinent analytical and contextual framework for the study of the dynamics and issues of transparency in other African petro-dollar states. It is argued in this study that the Niger Delta crisis is a conflict of values and fight for resources arising from decades of unacceptable standards of oil exploration and the absentee character of the Nigerian State. By its very nature, the study called for a qualitative approach, supplemented by unstructured interviews using aide memoirs with selected officials, on the basis of their innate knowledge of the subject matter. The legal comparative research method, with a historic component also played an integral role in this study.
Thesis (PhD.(Law) North-West University, Mafikeng campus, 2011

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Nakanishi, Takeshi. "Practical application of sequence stratigraphy and risk analysis for stratigraphic trap exploration / Takeshi Nakanishi." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21828.

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"September 2002"
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 200-209)
xi, 209, [51] leaves : ill. (chiefly col.), maps, plates (chiefly col.) ; 30 cm.
Outlines an evaluation procedure for stratigraphic trap exploration by employing sequence stratigraphy, 3D seismic data visualisation and quantitative risk analysis with case studies in an actual exploration basin.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, National Centre for Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, 2002

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Chen, Yaw-Huei, and 陳耀輝. "A Study on the Implementation of the Real-Time Information Management System for Oil and Gas Exploration and Production：Application of Delphi Method." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/sa4zu5.

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碩士
國立中興大學
高階經理人碩士在職專班
101
Facing scarce natural resources of Taiwan, “CPC Corp. Taiwan”, hereinafter called CPC, not only awards the long-term supply contracts, but also constructs the refining, transportation and storage facilities for petroleum. Furthermore, CPC carries on oil and gas Exploration and Production (E&P) for decades in onshore, offshore and overseas. In response to the soaring oil price in recent years, CPC reinforces the management of E&P operations as well as overmasters the real-time information by headquarter, both are much more important than ever before. This thesis makes use of the Delphi method to explore the key factors on the implementation for “the Real-time Information Management System for Oil and Gas E&P” for CPC. The present research selects 7 CPC top-level “decision makers” based above the CEO level of E&P and 39 CPC “experts” with E&P experience, the said responders in two rounds of questionnaire are surveyed by Delphi method. The 39 CPC “experts” are split to junior, intermediate and senior groups by age. Additionally, who are divided into overseas, exploration, drilling, production, offshore, IT, logistics and audit groups in job. In the first-round survey, “decision makers” and “experts” are separately investigated. The second-round questionnaire only for “decision makers” that is in line with the statistical regression results of the first-round analysis. In the first-round survey, the major key factors with concern of “decision makers” for the interactive items are：(a)” Response timing” v.s. “Communication jet lag”, together with “Collaboration by field & HQ Think-tank", (b)”Top-level expectations and practices” v.s. “Technology application & development” together with “Crisis management & expense”. (c)“Technology application & development” v.s. “Crisis management & expense” together with “Contract relative with budget”. The above significant relationships show that CPC Top-level “decision-makers” who intend to dominate the information in real-time, and confront with the crisis with risk impairment, they also concern about the E&P technology development and application. In the second-round survey, the major key factors with concern of “decision makers” for the interactive items are：(a)”Richness” v.s. “Practicality” of CPC E&P knowledge database, (b)”Professional competence” v.s. “Real-time operation system” and “Enhances the potential productivity”, (c)“More executive on management” v.s. “More convince to be an operator with the said Real-Time Information Management System for Oil and Gas Exploration and Production”, (d)”Reliability for service companies” v.s. “E&P scale & outlook”, “Technology promotion”, and “Globalization”. This research shows that decision makers acknowledge the application on the abundance and fulfillment of the E&P knowledge base and utilize the elite pool those will enhance the potential productivity. Specifically, the service companies’ abilities are actually the major influence factors in success on the implementation for the “System”. And the successful implement the real-time system shall induce the effectivity and benefit of E&P, whereas the implement of urgency is not significant. Although this study shows CPC doesn’t need to implement “the Real-time Information Management System for Oil and Gas E&P” at the present stage. However, it has ignited perception for the system of "decision makers" and "experts". The results can provide a good basis for the managerial staff as a reference, and strengthen related researches in the future.

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Deawwanich, Thana. "Flow and displacement of viscoplastic fluids in eccentric annuli." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/81607.

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In the construction of oil and gas well, improper displacement work (primary cementing job) may cause poor zonal isolation, cement channeling, remedial squeeze cementing, and thus lead to a severe problem. The leakage of the wellbore fluids and contamination of sensitive zones resulting from poor primary cementing job such as the Gulf of Mexico's oil spill in April 2010 has been the biggest disaster accidents for mankind history since then. The experimental flow system was developed for systematic study of both single-fluid flow and two-fluid displacement in eccentric annuli. This flow is relevant to the drilling operation and cementing operation in oil well completions, where drilling fluids are displaced from the annulus between the casing and the well bore by a series of spacer/wash fluids and cement slurries. The design of the system is based on the helical flow geometry, which is a combination of annular axial flow and tangential rotating flow in an annulus. The annular flow apparatus can be operated at various degrees of eccentricity and different angles of inclination to simulate the type of flows in oilfield drilling and cementing operations. A special feature of the flow system is that the inner pipe can be rotated during displacement, allowing the effect of casing rotation on the performance of the annular displacement process to be studied. Single fluid flow with various models of rheological fluids and displacement tests with various models of rheological fluids, especially viscoplastic fluids representing drilling and cementing fluids was conducted at different eccentricities, pipe inclinations, and over a range of flow rates and cylinder rotational speeds. Regarding the entire results of the displacement experiments, to our knowledge, the images of the moving fluid-fluid interface in annular displacement flow, especially with a rotating cylinder, generated in this work may be considered to be the world leading, since such visual information is not available in the open literature. In addition to flow visualization, the velocity of moving fluidvi-fluid interface in annular displacement flow was studied by measuring the conductivity of tested fluids. The result reveals the dynamics of displacement flow in annuli. A method was developed for simultaneously determining the displacement efficiency by measuring the conductivity of the mixed fluid phase exiting the annulus. The results obtained are of sufficient accuracy to be useful for assessing the effects of key variables such as pipe standoff, pump rate, pipe rotation and fluid rheology, on the effectiveness of annular displacement process. The relationship between the pressure gradient and the displacement efficiency has been established for the displacement process. The basic general mixing rule of a binary system occupied in term of pressure gradient may be illustrated. The pressure gradient of the mixture at any specific time of the displacement process may be illustrated by the equation comprising of the pressure gradient of each pure component in the mixture (in mass, mole, or volume fraction) derived from the results of the single-fluid flow experiments. Finally, the graph plots of the model prediction for the friction pressure gradient of the displacement process were shown, illustrating that the results from model equation collapses properly on the experimental result. To summarize, the results obtained in this work is useful for assessing the effects of fundamental variables such as eccentricity, pipe inclination, flow rate, pipe rotation and fluid rheology, that impact on the effectiveness of the annular displacement process. In particular, the flow visualization data, the velocity of moving fluid-fluid interface, the displacement efficiency, and friction pressure modelling results obtained from this project can be used to compare with, and validate, Halliburton’s 3-D simulation CFD, implemented.
Thesis(Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of Chemical Engineering, 2013.

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Chen, Wei 1974. "Multistage stochastic programming models for the portfolio optimization of oil projects." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-08-3884.

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Exploration and production (E&P) involves the upstream activities from looking for promising reservoirs to extracting oil and selling it to downstream companies. E&P is the most profitable business in the oil industry. However, it is also the most capital-intensive and risky. Hence, the proper assessment of E&P projects with effective management of uncertainties is crucial to the success of any upstream business. This dissertation is concentrated on developing portfolio optimization models to manage E&P projects. The idea is not new, but it has been mostly restricted to the conceptual level due to the inherent complications to capture interactions among projects. We disentangle the complications by modeling the project portfolio optimization problem as multistage stochastic programs with mixed integer programming (MIP) techniques. Due to the disparate nature of uncertainties, we separately consider explored and unexplored oil fields. We model portfolios of real options and portfolios of decision trees for the two cases, respectively. The resulting project portfolio models provide rigorous and consistent treatments to optimally balance the total rewards and the overall risk. For explored oil fields, oil price fluctuations dominate the geologic risk. The field development process hence can be modeled and assessed as sequentially compounded options with our optimization based option pricing models. We can further model the portfolio of real options to solve the dynamic capital budgeting problem for oil projects. For unexplored oil fields, the geologic risk plays the dominating role to determine how a field is optimally explored and developed. We can model the E&P process as a decision tree in the form of an optimization model with MIP techniques. By applying the inventory-style budget constraints, we can pool multiple project-specific decision trees to get the multistage E&P project portfolio optimization (MEPPO) model. The resulting large scale MILP is efficiently solved by a decomposition-based primal heuristic algorithm. The MEPPO model requires a scenario tree to approximate the stochastic process of the geologic parameters. We apply statistical learning, Monte Carlo simulation, and scenario reduction methods to generate the scenario tree, in which prior beliefs can be progressively refined with new information.
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Artigaud, Cécile. "Le développement d’hydrocarbures dans l’océan Arctique et l’obligation d’entreprendre une évaluation environnementale." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24443.

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Avec la fonte des glaces, l’océan Arctique devient progressivement accessible. Ce fait entraine avec lui un regain d’intérêt pour une région ayant été longtemps oubliée par les États. Les nouvelles licences d’exploration et d’exploitation d’hydrocarbures octroyées au sein de la région témoignent du phénomène de la globalisation de l’Arctique. Cependant, avant d’accepter un projet économique, celui-ci doit être soumis à une évaluation d’impact environnemental (EIE). Cette procédure a pour but d’informer les autorités publiques des effets qu’un projet pourrait avoir sur l’environnement. L’EIE a pour objectif de tendre vers une décision consciencieuse et écologiquement raisonnable vis-à-vis de l’avenir d’un projet. Ainsi, la portée et le type d’informations recueillies lors d’une EIE revêtent une importance cruciale car ils peuvent influencer le choix des autorités décisionnaires. La globalisation de l’Arctique soulève donc la question de la pertinence d’une telle procédure dans le contexte du développement d’hydrocarbures. En effet, dans cette région, les projets d’extraction d’énergies fossiles sont généralement acceptés, et ce, même s’ils prennent place dans un environnement caractérisé par sa fragilité et son unicité. Il est donc légitime de se demander si les obligations internationales et nationales d’entreprendre une évaluation environnementale (EE) pour un projet d’extraction d’hydrocarbures sont adaptées à l’environnement spécifique de l’Arctique.
As the ice melts, the Arctic Ocean becomes progressively accessible. It brings a renewed interest for a region that has long been forgotten by states. The new licenses granted for the exploration and the exploitation of hydrocarbons evidence a globalization of the Arctic. However, before accepting an economic project, it must undergo an environmental impact assessment (EIA). This procedure is intended to inform the public authorities about the impacts that a project will have on the environment. The goal of an EIA is to move towards a conscientious and ecological decision. Thus, the scope and the type of information collected is of a crucial importance as it will influence the stakeholders’ choice. Therefore, the globalization of the Arctic raises the question of the relevance of such a procedure because new hydrocarbon development projects are generally accepted even if they take place in an environment characterized by its fragility and uniqueness. As a consequence, it is legitimate to ask whether the international and national obligations to undertake an environmental assessment (E.A) for hydrocarbon projects are adapted to the specific environment of the Arctic.

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Arnet, Johan Peter Lundevall. "BW offshore : riding the storm." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/29214.

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The modern company exists within an environment of constant change, brought on by economic interconnectedness and rapid technological progress. In this state of uncertainty, companies must actively create new value on a continuous basis in their pursuit for competitive advantage. In light of this precarious state of firm realities, two literature streams have been developed. Strategic Change theories focus on antecedents, processes and consequences of a major shift in an organisation’s goals and scope. The Dynamic Capabilities framework aims to explicate the capabilities within a firm that allows it to continuously recreate competitive advantages. To illustrate the application of these theories this dissertation employs a teaching case recounting the crisis and rebound of BW Offshore, an oil technology lessor. The case starts in late 2015 when the company was experiencing the aggregate impact of an untenable business model, market recession, and industrial accident. Next, the case recounts the subsequent firm survival and launch of a disruptive new business model. The case demonstrates the internal and external factors that led to a strategic change within the company. Moreover, it shows that the use of dynamic capabilities can be instrumental in the creation of surprising value within the context of a recessionary market.
A empresa moderna vive num ambiente em constante mudança, causado pela instabilidade económica e pelo rápido progresso tecnológico. Nesse estado de incerteza, as empresas precisam de criar valor de forma contínua, em busca de manterem uma vantagem competitiva. À luz da realidade atual, foram desenvolvidas duas correntes de literatura. As teorias da mudança estratégica têm o seu enfoque nos antecedentes, processos e consequências de uma grande mudança nos objetivos e âmbito de uma organização. A framework das Dynamic Capabilities visa explicar as quatro dimensões que permitem recriar continuamente as vantagens competitivas. Para ilustrar a aplicação dessas teorias, esta dissertação apresenta um caso de estudo sobre uma situação de crise e a sua repercussão na BW Offshore, uma empresa no sector do Petróleo e Gás. O caso começa no final de 2015, quando a empresa apresentava um modelo de negócios insustentável, em resultado da recessão de mercado e de um acidente industrial. Em seguida, caso foca em como o lançamento de um modelo de negócios disruptivo permitiu a subsequente sobrevivência da empresa. O caso demonstra ainda quais os fatores internos e externos que levaram a uma mudança estratégica dentro da empresa. Além disso, mostra que o uso das dynamic capabilities pode ser instrumental na criação de valor no contexto de um mercado recessivo.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic '850103 Oil and Gas Exploration'

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