Academic literature on the topic '843/.912'

ABSTRACT In the broad context of the Australian Square Kilometer Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) early-science phase and preparation for the related surveys, we report the first radio observations towards the Galactic plane. The targeted field was chosen to encompass the entire SCORPIO survey, one of the several pathfinder projects for the Evolutionary Map of the Universe survey planned with the ASKAP. The observations were carried out in 2018 January at a central frequency of 912 MHz, with 15 operational antennas, and covered a total area of about 40 square degrees in three different pointings. The final image has a resolution of 24.1 × 21.1 arcsec2 and a median rms of $541\ \mu \mathrm{Jy\ beam}^{-1}$. We were able to extract 3545 candidate sources, 75 per cent of them point sources. For a preliminary validation, a comparison with the 843 MHz Molonglo Galactic Plane Survey is presented. Although the present observations were obtained with the ASKAP only partially deployed, its unique capability to map complex sources, such as those inhabiting the Galactic plane, at different angular scales, is highlighted. Within the SCORPIO field all the previously classified H ii regions, Planetary Nebulae (PNe), and supernovae remnants (SNRs), previously known to be radio sources, were detected. We also report new radio detections from several H ii regions previously classified as ‘candidates’ or ‘radio quiet’ and from half of all the PNe in the SCORPIO field with robust classification. Most notably, we find numerous unclassified, extended sources which constitute a promising sample of candidates H ii regions and SNRs.

Purpose. Analyze of the long-term results of treatment of patients with progressive keratoconus initial stages performed according to the developed algorithm. Material and methods. Clinical studies were carried out on the basis of a retrospective analysis of three comparison groups, depending on the tactics of surgery. Group 1 consisted of 843 patients (1186 eyes) with progression of keratoconus who underwent crosslinking. Group 2 consisted of 1185 patients (1343 eyes) who underwent intrastromal keratoplasty with implantation of corneal segments (ISKP with implantation of RS) with a mechanical (1007 eyes) or femtolaser (336 eyes) method. Group 3 consisted of 912 patients (1270 eyes), these patients underwent combined treatment – ISKP+UV crosslinking. The observation was carried out for 10 years. Results. As a result of the observation of patients for 10 years from the moment of UV crosslinking, an increase in UCVA and BCVA was revealed 10 years after surgery by 0.33±0.05 and 0.2±0.04, respectively. There was a significant increase in the central thickness of the cornea, on average by 12.75±0.08µm after 10 years. When analyzing the results of the observation of group 2, an increase in UCVA and BCVA was observed by 3–6 months after MS implantation. Keratometry indices (Kmax) decreased by an average of 3.5±1.3 diopters after 10 years. There was an increase in the central corneal thickness by 19.25±2.2µm after 10 years. As a result of the observation of patients for 15 months after the combined treatment (UV-crosslinking+ISCP), an increase in UCVA and BCVA was revealed by 0.17±0.10 and 0.25±15, respectively. Keratometry indices (Kmax) decreased by an average of 4.1±0.9 diopters after 15 months. There was an increase in the central corneal thickness by an average of 15±6.2µm after 15 months. Conclusion. Our research has shown that after 6 years there is no need to repeat UV crosslinking. With the correct location of the corneal segments, the progression of ectasia stops, and the UCVA and BCVA increase. Differences were revealed in the dynamics of the postoperative course in patients with combined UV crosslinking and implantation of corneal segments, which is obviously associated with their mutual effect on the ectasized cornea. In order to improve the quality of life of patients with the initial stages of keratoconus, these methods of treating keratectasias can be used in wide clinical practice without the threat of a decrease in clinical and functional results over a long period of time. Key words: keratoconus, classification, algorithm, crosslinking, corneal segment

Category: Trauma; Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: Subtle Lisfranc instability, a spectrum of conditions resulting from trauma of individual structures within the Lisfranc ligamentous complex (LLC) including the dorsal- (DLL), interosseous- (ILL), and plantar Lisfranc ligaments (PLL) remain challenging to effectively diagnose. The current standard to asses these injuries is through bilateral weightbearing radiography. However, weight bearing computed tomography (WBCT), which provides a clearer visualization of osseous structures, joint spaces, and instability could also be utilized for evaluation. This study aims to define and report the occurrence rate of an ‘asymmetric lambda sign’ observed on axial WBCT imaging secondary to simulated purely ligamentous Lisfranc injuries of various severities subjected to increasing magnitudes of weightbearing conditions. It is hypothesized that this sign will be a reliable aid in detecting subtle Lisfranc instability, clinically. Methods: The asymmetric lambda sign was assessed on 24 match-paired cadaveric legs (mean age, 46.0 +- 14.8 years; mean weight, 80.2 +- 17.4 kg; mean body mass index, 25.3 +- 4.2 kg/m2). Dissection groups were described as follows: control intact LLC (group 1), dissection of the DLL (group 2), dissection of the DLL and ILL (group 3), dissection of the DLL, ILL, and PLL (group 4). After each dissection, CT scans were acquired in non- (NWB, 0 kg), partial- (PWB, 40 kgs), and full-weightbearing (FWB, 80 kgs) conditions. In a standardized axial view, the lambda sign was appreciated by visualizing the joint spaces between the medial cuneiform and the second metatarsal base (C1-M2), the medial and middle cuneiform (C1-C2), and the second metatarsal base and middle cuneiform (M2-C2). The asymmetric lambda sign was defined by a widening of the C1-M2 joint space relative to the C1-C2 or M2-C2 joint space (Fig). Results: The asymmetric lambda sign was observed in 25.6% (221/864) of all studies. This sign was not found in any intact specimens regardless of the weightbearing status. In group 2, this sign was observed in 4.2% of NWB, 15.3% of PWB, and 16.7% of FWB conditions. With the DLL and ILL dissected, simulating a more developed subtle LLC injury (group 3), this sign was observed in 15.3%, 27.8%, and 38.9% in NWB, PWB and FWB conditions, respectively. Additionally, the fully dissected specimens (group 4), demonstrated this specific sign in 33.3%, 72.2%, and 83.3% in NWB, PWB, and FWB conditions, respectively. The inter- and intra- observer reliability was calculated to a kappa value of .843 and .912. Conclusion: An asymmetric lambda sign viewed through axial WBCT imaging is a reliable indicator in the diagnosis of a complete Lisfranc ligamentous injury with secondary joint instability in partial and full weightbearing conditions as demonstrated using a cadaveric model. Clinically, this simple sign can be utilized as an aid to accurately evaluate and diagnose patients presenting with subtle Lisfranc instability.

Kisspeptin plays a vital role in mediating the stress-induced reproductive regulation. Cortisol, known as a stress-related hormone, is involved in gonadal development and sexual differentiation by binding with glucocorticoid receptor (GR) to regulate the expression of kiss gene. In the present study, cortisol treatment in yellowtail clownfish (Amphiprion clarkii) showed that the expression of kiss (kiss1 and kiss2) and gr (gr1 and gr2) genes were increased significantly. We demonstrated that the yellowtail clownfish Kiss neurons co-express the glucocorticoid receptors in the telencephalon, mesencephalon, cerebellum, and hypothalamus. We further cloned the promoter of kiss2 gene in yellowtail clownfish and identified the presence of putative binding sites for glucocorticoid receptors, estrogen receptors, androgen receptors, progesterone receptors, AP1, and C/EBP. Applying transient transfection in HEK293T cells of the yellowtail clownfish kiss2 promoter, cortisol (dexamethasone) treatment was shown to enhance the promoter activities of the yellowtail clownfish kiss2 gene in the presence of GRs. Deletion analysis of kiss2 promoter indicated that cortisol-induced promoter activities were located between position −660 and −433 with GR1, and −912 and −775 with GR2, respectively. Finally, point mutation studies on the kiss2 promoter showed that cortisol-stimulated promoter activity was mediated by one GRE site located at position −573 in the presence of GR1 and by each GRE site located at position −883, −860, −851, and −843 in the presence of GR2. Results of the present study provide novel evidence that cortisol could regulate the transcription of kiss2 gene in the yellowtail clownfish via GRE-dependent GR pathway.

Abstract Objectives To model the impacts of biscuits fortified with micronutrients (MN) on dietary nutrient adequacy among young children and women of reproductive age (WRA) in Cameroon. Methods In a nationally-representative survey stratified by macro-region (North, South, and Yaoundé/Douala), 24-h dietary recall data were collected from 843 children 12–59 months and 912 WRA. We simulated total MN intake under various scenarios using observed biscuit intake and addition of different amounts of vitamin A (VA) (200–600 µg Retinol Activity Equivalents (RAE)/100 g), folic acid (46–300 µg/100 g), vitamin B12 (0.74–2 µg/100 g), zinc (2–8 mg/100 g) and iron (5–15 mg/100 g) to biscuits. Usual intake distributions and prevalence of inadequate intake for each scenario were estimated using the National Cancer Institute method. Results Biscuits were consumed on the previous day by 11.2% of children nationally (4.5% South, 9.1% North, 20.7% Yaoundé/Douala) and 4.3% of WRA (1.5% South, 5.6% North, 5.9% Yaoundé/Douala). National baseline prevalence ± SE of inadequate intake among children was 59 ± 2% for VA, 49 ± 2% for folate, 85 ± 2% for vitamin B12, 70 ± 2% for iron, and 20–50% for zinc (depending on the cutoff used). Vitamin-fortified biscuits were predicted to have the greatest impact in Yaoundé/Douala, with reductions in inadequate intake of 10.3 percentage points (pp) for VA, 12.3 pp for folate, and 3.7 pp for vitamin B12, in the absence of other fortification programs. When existing programs for VA-fortified oil (12 mg VA/kg) and folic acid-fortified wheat flour (5.0 ppm) were considered in the model, the expected marginal impacts of folic acid and VA-fortified biscuits were reduced substantially for both children and WRA. Iron and zinc fortified biscuits were predicted to have no detectable impact on the prevalence of inadequacy among children and WRA for all fortification doses simulated, either in the presence or in the absence of fortified wheat flour. Conclusions Given current patterns of biscuit consumption in Cameroon, biscuit fortification at the modeled levels is unlikely to reduce the population prevalence of inadequate intakes. Fortified biscuits may contribute modestly to dietary adequacy of some nutrients (VA and folate) in the absence of staple food fortification programs, particularly in urban areas. Funding Sources Mars Co., Michael and Susan Dell Foundation, Sight and Life, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.