Academic literature on the topic '801/.92'

На переживающих срезах гиппокампа крыс эмопаг и мексидол в концентрации 4 мМ подавляли ортодромные популяционные ответы в поле СA1 на 58 ± 4 % и 43 ± 3 % соответственно. Специфический неконкурентный антагонист NMDA-рецепторного комплекса МК-801 ослаблял угнетающее действие эмопага на 38 ± 4 %, а мексидола — на 73 ± 6 %, действуя в отношении первого в 1,9 раза менее выраженно. Специфический блокатор глутаматных AMPA-рецепторов CNQX практически полностью блокировал депрессирующий эффект эмопага либо ослаблял его на 54 ± 5 %, действуя по крайней мере в 1,4 раза более выраженно, чем МК-801. В пирамидных нейронах поля СA1 гиппокампа крысят эмопаг (2 мМ) угнетал возбуждающий постсинаптический ток, вызванный раздражением коллатералей Шаффера, на 92 ± 3 %, а на фоне действия специфического блокатора глутаматных AMPA-рецепторов NBQX его депрессирующий эффект практически полностью ослаблялся на 95 ± 4 %. Следовательно, можно предполагать, что гиппокамп играет существенную роль в реализации центрального действия эмопага. При этом его эффект реализуется через активацию AMPA-рецепторов.

This essay looks at the historical significance of three APS classic papers that are freely available online: Naka K-I and Nye PW. Role of horizontal cells in organization of the catfish retinal receptive field. J. Neurophysiol 34:785–801, 1971. Marmarelis PZ and Naka K-I. Nonlinear analysis and synthesis of receptive-field responses in the catfish retina. II. One-input white-noise analysis. J. Neurophysiol 36: 619–633, 1973. Naka K-I, Marmarelis PZ, and Chan RY. Morphological and functional identifications of catfish retinal neurons. III. Functional identification. J. Neurophysiol 38: 92–131, 1975.

Limited soil nitrogen (N) availability is a common problem in organic vegetable production that often necessitates additional N fertilization. The increasing use of drip irrigation has created a demand for liquid organic fertilizers that can be applied with irrigation. The N availability of three liquid organic fertilizers was evaluated in an incubation study and a greenhouse bioassay. Phytamin 801 contained fishery wastes and seabird guano, while Phytamin 421 and Biolyzer were formulated from plant materials. The fertilizers ranged from 26 to 60 g·kg−1 N, 8% to 21% of which was associated with particulate matter large enough to potentially be removed by drip irrigation system filtration. The fertilizers were incubated aerobically in two organically managed soils at constant moisture at 15 and 25 °C, and sampled for mineral N concentration after 1, 2, and 4 weeks. In the greenhouse study, these fertilizers and an inorganic fertilizer (ammonium sulfate) were applied to pots of the two organically managed soils with established fescue (Festuca arundinacea) turf; the N content of clippings was compared with that from unfertilized pots after 2 and 4 weeks of growth. Across soils and incubation temperatures, the N availability from Phytamin 801 ranged from 79% to 93% of the initial N content after 1 week, and 83% to 99% after 4 weeks. The plant-based fertilizers had significantly lower N availability, but after 4 weeks, had 48% to 92% of initial N in mineral form. Soil and incubation temperature had modest but significant effects on fertilizer N availability. Nitrification was rapid, with >90% of mineral N in nitrate form after 1 week of incubation at 25 °C, or 2 weeks at 15 °C. N recovery in fescue clippings 4 weeks after application averaged 60%, 38%, and 36% of initial N content for Phytamin 801, Phytamin 421, and Biolyzer, respectively, equivalent to or better than the N recovery from ammonium sulfate.

Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) is the third member of the family Circoviridae, genus Circovirus, able to infect swine. A high prevalence of viral DNA has been recorded in wild boars. Recently, PCV-3 DNA was identified in Italian wild ruminants. Based on these previous results, this study assessed the frequency of PCV-3 DNA detection in free-ranging ruminants and Lagomorpha species in Spain. In addition, the genetic characterization of the PCV-3 PCR-positive samples was performed. A total of 801 serum samples, including red deer (Cervus elaphus, [CE]; n = 108), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus, [CC]; n = 87), Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica, [RP]; n = 133), Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica, [CP]; n = 92), mouflon (Ovis aries, [OA]; n = 91), fallow deer (Dama dama, [DD]; n = 104), European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus, [OC]; n = 101), and European hare (Lepus europaeus, [LE]; n = 85) from Catalonia (northeast Spain) were tested by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and, when positive, sequenced. Overall, PCV-3 DNA was found in three out of 801 analyzed sera (0.37%) corresponding to one red deer (1/108, 0.9%), one mouflon (1/91, 1.1%), and one fallow deer (1/104, 0.96%). None of the samples collected from Lagomorpha species resulted PCR positive. The partial genome sequences detected in positive samples displayed high identity with some PCV-3 sequences detected in wild boars and domestic pigs (99.7% and 100%, respectively). In conclusion, the present study indicated that free-ranging ruminant and Lagomorpha species are not relevant in the epidemiology of PCV-3 in Spain.

В статье анализируются правовые последствия постановления судом обвинительного приговора без назначения наказания. Обосновывается вывод, что вследствие постановления обвинительного приговора без назначения наказания происходит освобождение виновного в преступлении лица не от уголовной ответственности, а от уголовного наказания. Рассматриваются виды обвинительных приговоров без назначения наказания. Обосновывается вывод о целесообразности исключения из ч. 2 ст. 92 УК РФ указания на осуждение несовершеннолетнего к лишению свободы, о постановлении в отношении несовершеннолетнего обвинительного приговора без назначения наказания в порядке применения ч. 2 ст. 92 УК РФ. По мнению автора, обвинительный приговор без назначения наказания должен постановляться в следующих случаях: при освобождении лица от уголовного наказания вследствие изменения обстановки (ст. 801 УК РФ); при освобождении несовершеннолетнего от уголовного наказания с применением принудительных мер воспитательного воздействия (ч. 1 ст. 92 УК РФ); при освобождении несовершеннолетнего от уголовного наказания с помещением его в специальное учебно-воспитательное учреждение закрытого типа (ч. 2 ст. 92 УК РФ); при постановлении обвинительного приговора лицу, в отношении которого истекли сроки давности привлечения к уголовной ответственности, предусмотренные ст. 78 УК РФ, если это лицо возражает против прекращения уголовного дела и дело рассматривается в обычном порядке до его разрешения по существу. The article analyzes the legal consequences of issuing by court a guilty verdict without impose a punishment. The conclusion is substantiated that guilty verdict without the imposition of punishment is the basis of releasing not from criminal responsibility, but from criminal punishment. The types of guilty verdict without imposing a punishment are considered. The conclusion is substantiated on the expediency of excluding from the second part of Article 92 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation the indication of the imposition to punishment to imprisonment of a minor, on adjudication the guilty verdict against a minor without the imposition to punishment in the second part of Article 92 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Author reveals that guilty verdict without imposing a punishment should be issued in the following cases: when a person is released from criminal punishment due to a change in the situation (Article 80.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation); when a minor is released from criminal punishment with the use of coercive measures of educational influence (Part 1 of Article 92 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation); when a minor is released from criminal punishment with his placement in a special educational institution of a closed type (part 2 of Article 92 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation); when a guilty verdict is issued to a person in respect of whom the statute of limitations for criminal prosecution provided for in Article 78 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation has expired, if this person objects to the termination of the criminal case and the case is considered in the usual manner until its resolution on the merits.

Glomerular mesangial cells (MC) play a central role in the synthesis and turnover of the glomerular extracellular matrix. Prior studies [Davies, Thomas, Martin and Lovett (1988) Biochem. J. 251, 419-425; Martin, Davies, Thomas and Lovett (1989) Kidney Int. 36, 790-801] have characterized at the protein level a 72 kDa type IV collagenase that is secreted by cultured human and rat MC. While exposure of most cell types to interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or phorbol ester has little or even an inhibitory effect on 72 kDa type IV collagenase secretion, these factors significantly increased the synthesis of this enzyme by rat MC. Given this divergent pattern of expression, a homology-based PCR cloning strategy using rat MC cDNA templates was employed to define at the molecular level the structure of the mesangial 72 kDa type IV collagenase. The nucleotide sequence within the open reading frame of the rat mesangial 72 kDa type IV collagenase cDNA diverges from the sequence of the human homologue by approx. 9%. The divergence in the 3′ untranslated region was much more extensive. Steady-state levels of the 3.1 kb transcript of the 72 kDa type IV collagenase were low or undetectable in resting MC, but were greatly stimulated following incubation with IL-beta, TNF-alpha or phorbol ester. None of these factors induced synthesis by MC of the closely related 92 kDa type IV collagenase. Synthesis by MC of the 72 kDa type IV collagenase was also induced by second-messenger analogues, including 8-bromo-cyclic AMP and forskolin. It is concluded that MC regulate the expression of this enzyme in an unusual, tissue-specific fashion. Cytokine and second-messenger inducibility may contribute to the enhanced expression of the enzyme during glomerular inflammatory disorders.

INTRODUCTION There is limited information on the knowledge and prevention practices of diarrheal disease transmission among adults in Sierra Leone. We assessed the level of knowledge and practices of adults on diarrheal disease transmission and prevention in Sierra Leone. METHODOLOGY A community-based cross-sectional cluster survey was conducted in four districts of Sierra Leone. A pre-tested, structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic, knowledge and practices on water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), diarrheal diseases transmission and prevention. On Knowledge questions, a score above 50% was categorized as adequate and below 50% was categorized as poor. We calculated frequencies, proportions and chi-square to compare knowledge and practice differences between urban and rural settings. RESULTS Of the total 926 study subjects, 676 (73%) were female, with a median age of 29 years (range:18 - 96 years). Almost, 75% (671/926) of study participants had adequate knowledge of the critical moments of hand washing, higher in urban (79%) compared to rural areas (66%), (p<0.001). Forty-one per cent (377/926) of the study participants had limited knowledge of diarrheal diseases transmission with 48% in urban and 33% in rural areas (p<0.001), 87% (801/926) had limited knowledge of the measures of diarrheal diseases prevention, higher in rural, 416 (92%) compared to urban, 385 (81%), (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Study participants had adequate knowledge on the importance of handwashing, and the critical times to wash hands. Study participants had limited knowledge about the transmission and prevention of diarrheal disease. The majority of the study subjects practice hand hygiene and safe water treatment method in urban as compared to rural settings. We recommend developing a WASH-related sensitization program to improve community awareness of diarrheal disease transmission and prevention.

Background Unregulated antimicrobial use is common in both hospital and community settings of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, discrete data regarding the use/misuse of antimicrobials at pharmacies in LMICs are limited. This study was conducted to understand knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacy employees on antimicrobial dispensing in Nepal. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey using a structured questionnaire on 801 pharmacy employees working in community and hospital pharmacies located in Lalitpur metropolitan city (LMC) of Kathmandu, Nepal between April 2017 and March 2019. Results A majority (92%) of respondents agreed that demand for non-prescription antimicrobials was common. Asking for prescription before dispensing was ranked as the first preference by majority (69%) of participants. Suspected respiratory tract infection was the most common reason demanding for non-prescription antimicrobials with the highest mean rank of 1.5. Azithromycin was the most commonly prescribed and sold antimicrobial, as reported by 46% and 48% of participants respectively. A majority (87%) of respondents agreed on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to be a global public health threat; and misuse/overuse of antimicrobials was perceived as the most common cause of AMR with a mean rank of 1.93. Conclusion Our study revealed that unfounded dispensing and use of antimicrobials is prevalent among pharmacies in Kathmandu, Nepal. This over reliance on antimicrobials, notably azithromycin, may escalate burden of AMR. We identified several drivers of inappropriate antimicrobial dispensing practice in pharmacies, which will aid public health authorities in addressing these issues. Further studies considering role of other stakeholders, such as doctors, veterinarians, general public, and policy makers are required to obtain a more holistic perspectives on practices of antimicrobial use so to curb the extant AMR crisis.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kondisi sarana dan prasarana dan hasil belajar Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga dan Kesehatan (PJOK) siswa di SMP Negeri 2 Taman. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif melalui survei. Sampel penelitian menggunakan metode total sampling yakni rapor seluruh siswa kelas VII, VIII dan IX yang berjumlah 1128 siswa. Pengambilan data menggunakan lembar observasi sebagai alat pengambilan data untuk mencatat hasil dari survei yang dilakukan yang berkaitan dengan sarana dan prasarana pendidikan jasmani serta data terkait Hasil nilai rapor mata pelajaran pendidikan jasmani. Indikator dalam lembar survei yakni ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana dalam 15 cabang olahraga sesuai standar Permendiknas No.24 Tahun 2007. Dalam pengelolaan data, peneliti melakukan survei dalam lapangan dan mencatat data serta merangkumnya dalam sebuah tabel. Data tersebut kemudian diklasifikasikan atau digolongkan berdasarkan kelasnya. Peneliti terlebih dahulu membuat kategori penelitian dengan menggunakan rumus : n / N x 100% untuk tiap cabang olahraganya serta mengolah data terkait hasil nilai rapor menggunakan analisis deskriptif agar dapat memberikan gambaran secara teratur, ringkas, dan jelas, mengenai suatu gejala, peristiwa atau keadaan, sehingga dapat ditarik pengertian atau makna tertentu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata sarana dan prasarana olahraga di SMP Negeri 2 Taman termasuk dalam kategori cukup ideal dengan persentase 63,9% dan hasil belajar mata pelajaran penjasorkes di SMP Negeri 2 Taman memiliki nilai rapor yang relatif baik dari 1128 siswa. Hal ini terlihat dari pendataan hasil belajar pendidikan jasmani siswa pada kategori A sangat baik dengan skor 93-100 sebanyak 11 siswa (1%) dan siswa dengan kategori B dengan skor 84-92 sebanyak 801 siswa (71%), siswa kategori C dengan nilai 75-83 yakni sebanyak 316 siswa (28%) dan tidak ada siswa yang mendapat nilai D dengan rata-rata <75 yakni 0 siswa (0%) . Dengan demikian, kondisi sarana dan prasarana pendidikan jasmani tergolong dalam kategori cukup ideal dan hasil belajar Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga dan Kesehatan (PJOK) siswa tergolong dalam kategori baik.