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Chimplee, Siriphorn, Carl Smythe, Varomyalin Tipmanee, Suchada Sukrong, and Kanyanatt Kanokwiroon. "Anticancer mechanism of 7-α-hydroxyfrullanolide on microtubules and computational prediction of its target binding in triple-negative breast cancer cells." PeerJ 10 (May 27, 2022): e13508. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13508.
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Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) responds poorly to the available drugs; thus, the mortality rate associated with TNBC remains high. 7-α-Hydroxyfrullanolide (7HF) possesses anticancer properties and arrests cells in the G2/M-phase via modulation of several proteins involved in the G2/M-phase transition, as well as the mitotic checkpoint in MDA-MB-468 (TNBC) cells. Microtubules (MTs) dynamically regulate cell division in the G2/M phase and are related to cancer cell stress response. However, antimitotic drug cytotoxicity to multiple cancer resistance developed in response to drugs are obstacles faced to date. Here, the activity and mechanism via which 7HF controls MTs dynamics was investigated in MDA-MB-468 cells. Methods 7HF uptake by MDA-MB-468 cells was assessed using spectrophotometry. The drug-like properties of 7HF were predicted using the Swiss-absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) webtool. Then, the effect of 7HF treatment (6, 12, and 24 µM) on the dynamic arrangement of MTs was assessed for 1, 12, and 24 h using indirect immunofluorescence. Polymerization of α- and β-tubulin was assessed using different 7HF concentrations in a cell-free system for 1 h. Cell proliferation assay with bromodeoxyuridine plus propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry was performed at different 7HF concentrations and time points. The mechanism of action was assessed by detecting the expression of proteins, including Bub3, cyclin B1, p-Cdk1 (Tyr15), Rb, p-Rb (Ser780), Chk1, p-Chk1 (Ser345), Chk2, p-Chk2 (Ser516), and p-H2AX (Ser139), using western blotting. Molecular docking was used to predict the molecular interactions between 7HF and tubulins in MTs. Results We observed that 7HF was able to enter the MDA-MB-468 cells. The ADME webtool analysis predicted that it possesses the high passive permeation and gastrointestinal absorption properties of drugs. Various concentrations of 7HF disrupted the dynamic arrangement of spindle MTs by causing radial spindle array shrinkage and expansion of fibrous spindle density and radial array lengths in a time-dependent manner. 7HF reduced polymerization of α-, β-tubulin in dose-dependent manner. 7HF also triggered DNA damage response by inducing G2/M and G1 phase arrests in a concentration and time-dependent manner, which occurred due to the upregulation of Bub3, Chk1, p-Chk1 (Ser345), p-Cdk1 (Tyr15), and cyclin B1. According to molecular docking analysis, 7HF preferred to bind to β-tubulin over α-tubulin. The lactone, ketone, and hydroxyl groups of 7HF supported the 7HF-tubulin interactions. Hydrogen bonding with a hydrocarbon ring and salt bridge attractive forces were responsible for the binding versatility of 7HF. Conclusions This is the first study to investigate the molecular mechanism, MTs interacting sites, and the internalization and drug-like properties of 7HF in TNBC cells. The findings will be useful for developing 7HF-based treatment for patients with TNBC.
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Chimplee, Siriphorn, Sittiruk Roytrakul, Suchada Sukrong, Theera Srisawat, Potchanapond Graidist, and Kanyanatt Kanokwiroon. "Anticancer Effects and Molecular Action of 7-α-Hydroxyfrullanolide in G2/M-Phase Arrest and Apoptosis in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells." Molecules 27, no. 2 (January 9, 2022): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020407.
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Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a breast cancer subtype characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression. TNBC cells respond poorly to targeted chemotherapies currently in use and the mortality rate of TNBC remains high. Therefore, it is necessary to identify new chemotherapeutic agents for TNBC. In this study, the anti-cancer effects of 7-α-hydroxyfrullanolide (7HF), derived from Grangea maderaspatana, on MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells were assessed using MTT assay. The mode of action of 7HF in TNBC cells treated with 6, 12 and 24 µM of 7HF was determined by flow cytometry and propidium iodide (PI) staining for cell cycle analysis and annexin V/fluorescein isothiocyanate + PI staining for detecting apoptosis. The molecular mechanism of action of 7HF in TNBC cells was investigated by evaluating protein expression using proteomic techniques and western blotting. Subsequently, 7HF exhibited the strongest anti-TNBC activity toward MDA-MB-468 cells and a concomitantly weak toxicity toward normal breast cells. The molecular mechanism of action of low-dose 7HF in TNBC cells primarily involved G2/M-phase arrest through upregulation of the expression of Bub3, cyclin B1, phosphorylated Cdk1 (Tyr 15) and p53-independent p21. Contrastingly, the upregulation of PP2A-A subunit expression may have modulated the suppression of various cell survival proteins such as p-Akt (Ser 473), FoxO3a and β-catenin. The concurrent apoptotic effect of 7HF on the treated cells was mediated via both intrinsic and extrinsic modes through the upregulation of Bax and active cleaved caspase-7–9 expression and downregulation of Bcl-2 and full-length caspase-7–9 expression. Notably, the proteomic approach revealed the upregulation of the expression of pivotal protein clusters associated with G1/S-phase arrest, G2/M-phase transition and apoptosis. Thus, 7HF exhibits promising anti-TNBC activity and at a low dose, it modulates signal transduction associated with G2/M-phase arrest and apoptosis.
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Mootz, Dietrich, and Klemens Bartmann. "Zur Kristallchemie von Supersäuren: Bildung und Struktur der tiefschmelzenden Addukte SbF5 · CF3SO3H und SbF5 · 7 HF [1] / Crystal Chemistry of Superacids: Formation and Structure of the Low-Melting Adducts SbF5 · CF3SO3H and SbF5 · 7 HF [1]." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 46, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 1659–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1991-1212.
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The melting diagram of the superacid system SbF5—CF3SO3H as well as of SbF5—HF has been studied by DTA and the crystal structure of one newly found low-melting adduct in each case determined. The adduct SbF5 · CF3SO3H (m.p. — 1°C, monoclinic, space group P21/c, Z = 4 formula units per unit cell) is composed of complex molecules F5SbOS(CF3)(O)OH which are linked by strong hydrogen bonds O-H ···F to infinite chains. The adduct SbF5 · 7HF (melting incongruently at —75°C, monoclinic, I 2/m, Z = 2) is a fluoronium salt, (H7F6)SbF6. The novel H7F6+ cation is formed as an unbranched chain by very strong hydrogen bonds between the respective F atoms, which become weaker from the center to the ends. A further hydrogen bond of this kind, between the cations and the octahedral SbF6- anions, again leads to a one-dimensional polymer.
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Larisang, Larisang, and Zeri Yusdinata. "Analisis Perbandingan Kondisi Existing dengan Metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) dalam menentukan Jumlah Persedian Bahan Baku WCP2 dan 7HF." JURNAL INDUSTRI KREATIF (JIK) 2, no. 2 (September 13, 2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36352/jik.v2i2.115.
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Jull, Laura G., Frank A. Blazich, and L. Eric Hinesley. "Seedling Growth of Atlantic White-Cedar as Influenced by Photoperiod and Day/Night Temperature." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 17, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-17.3.107.
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Abstract Seedlings of Atlantic white-cedar [Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B. S. P.] were grown in controlled-environment chambers for 12 weeks under short-or long-day conditions with 9-hr days at 18, 22, 26 or 30C (64, 72, 79 or 86F) in factorial combination with 15-hr nights at 14, 18, 22 or 26C (57, 64, 72 or 79F). Dry matter production was influenced by photoperiod and day/night temperature. For all day temperature × photoperiod interactions, except root:shoot ratio, growth was highest under long days. Day × night temperature interactions occurred for all growth measurements except root dry weight. Root dry weight was highest at 30/22C (86/72F); top (shoot) dry weight at 26/22C (79/72F). Nights of 14C (57F) resulted in the lowest top dry weight. Total plant dry weight was highest at nights of 22C (72F) for all day temperatures. At days of 30C (86F), total plant dry weight was highest with nights ≤ 22C (72F); however, data for 30/22C (86/72F) and 26/22C (79/72F) were similar. The highest root: shoot ratio occurred at nights of 14C (57F) with days ≤ 26C (79F). Mean relative growth rate was highest at nights of 22C (72F) with days of 26C (79F) or 30C (86F). Maximum stem caliper occurred at days of 22C (72F) with nights ≥ 18C (64F). Height and crown width were highest at 26/22C (79/72F). A day/night cycle of 30/22C (86/72F) with long days was optimal for seedling growth.
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Dalimunthe, Aminah, Poppy Anjelisa Zaitun Hasibuan, and Denny Satria. "The PI3KCA and AKT Inhibitory Activities of Litsea Cubeba Lour. Fruits and Heartwoods Towards Hela Cells." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 9 (May 14, 2019): 1422–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.317.
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AIM: To investigated the activities of chloroform fractions at pH 7 of Litsea cubeba Lour. Fruits and heartwoods (CF-7F and CF-7H) in decrease expression of PI3KCA, Akt-1 and Akt-2 genes towards cervical cancer cell culture (HeLa) experiments in vitro.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: CF-7F and CF-7H (12.5 and 25 µg/mL) were tested for its potential inhibition on gene expression of PI3KCA, Akt-1 and Akt-2 genes by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) method.
RESULT: CF-7F and CF-7H were showed the activity to reduce the expression of PI3KCA, Akt-1 and Akt-2 genes.
CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that CF-7F and CF-7H significantly inhibit the expression of PI3KCA, Akt-1 and Akt-2 genes.
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Owen, James S., William A. Johnson, and Brian K. Maynard. "Effects of Auxin Concentration and Medium Temperature on Four Woody Plant Taxa Propagated by Stem Cuttings using Recirculating Subirrigation in a Growth Chamber." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 21, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-21.3.126.
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Abstract Four woody plant taxa (‘Sparkleberry’ holly, ‘Mariesii’ viburnum, ‘Shasta’ viburnum, and Red Sunset® maple) were propagated from softwood stem cuttings in a recirculating subirrigation propagation system to evaluate the effect on adventitious root formation of three auxin (Dip-n-Grow®) concentrations [0 (water), 20: 1, or 10: 1] and three medium temperatures [20C (68F), 23C (74F), or 26C (79F)]. All taxa showed a positive rooting response to auxin treatment. Compared to cuttings treated with water, root number of all taxa doubled when treated with the highest auxin concentration (10: 1 Dip-n-Grow® dilution). Length of the longest root of rooted cuttings increased with auxin treatment of two taxa. Medium temperature also affected rooting of all taxa. The intermediate temperature evaluated, 23C (74F), was optimal for all rooting parameters on cuttings of ‘Mariesii’ viburnum, and for root length and percentage rooting on cuttings of ‘Shasta’ viburnum and Red Sunset® maple. A propagation medium temperature of 26C (79F) resulted in the greatest root number on cuttings of ‘Shasta’ viburnum, while 20C (68F) was optimal for root number on cuttings of Red Sunset® maple. Root numbers on cuttings of ‘Mariesii’ viburnum were reduced at 20C (68F) and 26C (79F), which appeared to be sub-and supra-optimal temperatures, respectively, for root initiation. All rooting parameters on cuttings of ‘Sparkleberry’ holly increased with propagation medium temperature. Temperature-auxin interactions were apparent for root number and length on cuttings of ‘Mariesii’ and ‘Shasta’ viburnum. The recirculating subirrigation system was useful for evaluating the basal temperature and auxin dose interactions and was effective for rooting softwood stem cuttings without intermittent mist irrigation.
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Cseh, A., K. Kruppa, I. Molnár, M. Rakszegi, J. Doležel, and M. Molnár-Láng. "Characterization of a new 4BS.7HL wheat–barley translocation line using GISH, FISH, and SSR markers and its effect on the β-glucan content of wheat." Genome 54, no. 10 (October 2011): 795–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g11-044.
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A spontaneous interspecific Robertsonian translocation was revealed by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) in the progenies of a monosomic 7H addition line originating from a new wheat ‘Asakaze komugi’ × barley ‘Manas’ hybrid. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with repetitive DNA sequences (Afa family, pSc119.2, and pTa71) allowed identification of all wheat chromosomes, including wheat chromosome arm 4BS involved in the translocation. FISH using barley telomere- and centromere-specific repetitive DNA probes (HvT01 and (AGGGAG)n) confirmed that one of the arms of barley chromosome 7H was involved in the translocation. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers specific to the long (L) and short (S) arms of barley chromosome 7H identified the translocated chromosome segment as 7HL. Further analysis of the translocation chromosome clarified the physical position of genetically mapped SSRs within 7H, with a special focus on its centromeric region. The presence of the HvCslF6 gene, responsible for (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucan production, was revealed in the centromeric region of 7HL. An increased (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucan level was also detected in the translocation line, demonstrating that the HvCslF6 gene is of potential relevance for the manipulation of wheat (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucan levels.
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Glenn, Christopher T., Frank A. Blazich, and Stuart L. Warren. "Influence of Storage Temperatures on Long-term Seed Viability of Selected Native Ericaceous Species." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 16, no. 3 (September 1, 1998): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-16.3.166.
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Abstract Following harvest of capsules, drying, and seed extraction, seeds of Kalmia latifolia L. (mountain laurel), Leucothoe fontanesiana (Steud.) Sleum (drooping leucothoe), Rhododendron carolinianum Rehd. (Carolina rhododendron), Rhododendron catawbiense Michx. (Catawba rhododendron), and Rhododendron maximum L. (rosebay rhododendron) were stored for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 years at −18,4 or 23C (0, 39 or 73F) and then germinated at 25C (77F) or an 8/16 hr thermoperiod of 25/15C (77/59F) with daily photoperiods of 0, 1 or 24 hr. Storage at −18 or 4C (0 or 39F) were most effective for maintaining seed viability of all species. After 5 years storage at −18 or 4C (0 or 39F), viability of L. fontanesiana, R. catawbiense, and R. maximum was relatively unchanged with total germination of 59%, 87%, and 88%, respectively. The same was noted for seeds of K. latifolia and R. carolinianum with total germination of 77% and 91%, respectively, after storage for 4 years at the same temperatures. Storage at 23C (73F) was the least effective for maintaining viability. After storage for 1 year at 23C (73F), germination decreased significantly for all species except R. carolinianum. By year 3, storage at 23C (73F) reduced seed viability of L. fontanesiana to essentially zero. The same occurred by year 4 for seeds of R. catawbiense and R. maximum stored at 23C (73F). Viability of K. latifolia also decreased under storage at 23C (73F) with germination of 14% noted by year 4. Viability of R. carolinianum did not decrease as rapidly as the other species when stored at 23C (73F) with total germination of 77% occurring by year 4. Regardless of storage duration, the photoperiod and temperature requirements for maximum germination of all species did not change.
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Lowder, Adam W., Helen T. Kraus, Frank A. Blazich, and Stuart L. Warren. "Day/Night Temperatures Influence Growth and Photosynthesis During Containerized Production of Selected Species of Helleborus (Hellebores)." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 28, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-28.3.179.
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Abstract Containerized seedlings of Helleborus foetidus L. (stinking hellebore), H. niger L. (Christmas rose), and H. ×hybridus L. (Lenten rose) were grown under long-day conditions in controlled-environment chambers for 95 days with 9-hr days of 14, 18, 22, 26, or 30C (57, 64, 72, 79, or 86F) in factorial combination with 15-hr nights of 10, 14, 18, 22, or 26C (50, 57, 64, 72, or 79F). Long-day conditions were provided by a 3-hr night interruption. Growth of each species responded differently to day and night temperatures. Calculated maximum root, top, and total dry weight, and leaf area of H. foetidus occurred with days/nights of 20/15, 18/13, 19/14, and 18/15C (68/59, 65/55, 66/57, and 65/59F), respectively. While night temperature (NT) had no effect on root:top ratio [RTR (root dry weight ÷ top dry weight)], RTR was greatest (0.65) with days of 22C (72F). Helleborus niger had calculated maximum root dry weight and total dry weight with days of 14C (57F) and nights of 16 and 13C (60 and 55F), respectively. Top growth of H. niger decreased linearly as NTs increased for days of 14 or 22C (57 or 72F). Day temperatures (DTs) had no effect on RTR, whereas RTR responded quadratically as NT increased with a calculated maximum RTR at nights of 19C (66F). Leaf area was maximized at days/nights of 14/10C (57/50F). At days of 22 or 26C (72 or 79F), top growth of H. ×hybridus responded quadratically as NT increased with maxima occurring at nights of 18 or 17C (64 or 63F). Root dry weight responded quadratically at days of 14, 22, or 26C (57, 72, or 79F) and calculated maxima occurred with nights of 18C (64F). At days of 22 or 26C (72 or 79F), there were quadratic responses in total dry weight with calculated maximum growth of H. ×hybridus at nights of 18 or 17C (64 or 63F), respectively. For days of 14, 22, or 30C (57, 72, or 86F), there were quadratic responses in RTR with greatest RTR calculated at nights of 15, 18, or 16C (59, 64, or 60F), respectively. There were quadratic responses at days of 22 or 26C (72 or 79F) for leaf area with calculated maxima at nights of 18 or 17C (64 or 63F), respectively. As DTs increased from 14 to 30C (57 to 86F) net CO2 assimilation (PN) of H. ×hybridus also increased linearly whereas increased NTs had no effect on PN. In contrast, stomatal conductance was not impacted by DT or NT.
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Mahesh, Radhakrishnan, Arghya Kusum Dhar, Ankur Jindal, and Shvetank Bhatt. "2-(4-substituted piperazin-1-yl)-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acids: Novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonists with anxiolytic-like activity in rodent behavioral models." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 91, no. 10 (October 2013): 848–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2013-0134.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the anxiolytic potential of a series of novel carboxylic acid based 1,8 naphthyridines as 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. The pA2 values of all the compounds were determined against agonist 2-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine in longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus preparations from guinea pig ileum. Compounds with higher pA2 values, particularly those greater than ondansetron, a standard 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, and optimal log P values were screened in mice by using behavioral tests such as a light–dark (L/D) aversion test, elevated plus maze (EPM) test, and an open field test (OFT). In the L/D test, compounds 7a, 7b, 7d, 7e, and 7i (2 mg/kg body mass, intraperitoneal) significantly (P < 0.05) increased the latency time to leave the light compartment, total time spent in the light compartment, and the number of transitions between the light and dark compartments. Compounds 7a, 7d, 7f, 7h, and 7i (2 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly (P < 0.05) increased the time spent in the open arms and the number of entries into the open arms in the EPM test. In addition, compounds 7a, 7d, 7e, 7f, and 7h (2 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly (P < 0.05) increased the ambulation scores and the frequency of rearing in the OFT.
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Kutok, Jeffery L., and Barry S. Coller. "Partial Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation and Fibrinogen Binding by a Murine Monoclonal Antibody to GPIIIa: Requirement for Antibody Bivalency." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 72, no. 06 (1994): 964–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1648991.
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SummaryWe produced a murine monoclonal antibody, 7H2, and localized its epitope to one or more small regions on platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ilia. 7H2-IgG and 7H2-F(ab’)2 completely inhibit platelet aggregation and fibrinogen binding at low agonist concentrations, but only partially inhibit aggregation and fibrinogen binding at high agonist concentrations; 7H2-Fab has no effect on aggregation or fibrinogen binding at any agonist concentration. 7H2-IgG binds to the entire platelet population as judged by flow cytometry. At near saturating concentrations, ∼40,000 7H2-IgG antibody molecules bind per platelet. In contrast, ∼80,000 7H2 Fab molecules bind per platelet, suggesting that 7H2-IgG binding is bivalent. 7H2 was unable to inhibit fibrinogen binding to purified, immobilized GPIIb/IIIa. These data indicate that the bivalent binding of 7H2 to GPIIIa is required for its partial inhibition of fibrinogen binding to platelets, perhaps through dimerization of GPIIb/IIIa surface receptors (or more complex GPIIb/IIIa redistribution triggered by 7H2 binding) resulting in limited accessibility of fibrinogen to its binding site(s).
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Abdullah, Ahmad H., Jalal A. Zahra, Mustafa M. El-Abadelah, Salim S. Sabri, Monther A. Khanfar, Suzan A. Matar, and Wolfgang Voelter. "Synthesis and antibacterial activity of N1-(carbazol-3-yl)amidrazones incorporating piperazines and related congeners." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 71, no. 8 (August 1, 2016): 857–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2016-0043.
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AbstractA selected set of N1-(4-chloro-9-ethylcarbazol-3-yl)amidrazones (7a–n) has been synthesized by reacting the respective hydrazonoyl chloride 5 derived from 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole (3), with an appropriate sec-cyclic amine (6a–n) in ethanol in the presence of triethylamine. Unexpectedly, aromatic ring chlorination occurred at C-4 of 3 during its conversion to 6 as evidenced by analytical and spectral data and further confirmed by single crystal X-ray structure determination of the amidrazone 7n. Compounds 7a–n were tested for their in vitro antibacterial activity. Among the tested bacterial strains, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was the most susceptible to 7f and Bacillus cereus to 7b both with a minimum inhibitory concentration value of 1.56 µg mL−1. Compounds 7c, 7f, and 7h could be useful as lead structures for further development of new antibacterial agents against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens.
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Genger, R. K., K. J. Williams, H. Raman, B. J. Read, H. Wallwork, J. J. Burdon, and A. H. D. Brown. "Leaf scald resistance genes in Hordeum vulgare and Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum: parallels between cultivated and wild barley." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, no. 12 (2003): 1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar02230.
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The prerequisite for breeding barley varieties with durable scald resistance is a diversity of genes each with molecular markers for their manipulation in crosses. Here we compare the outcomes of genetic analysis of scald resistance in 5 doubled haploid mapping populations of cultivated barley with 9 third-backcross families that derive from a set of diverse wild barley populations. In all cases, resistance was assessed as seedling infection type responses, but the Sloop/Halcyon population was also tested for adult plant resistance in field trials at two sites. In the latter case, the major quantitative trait locus for field resistance was coincident with that for seedling response on chromosome 3H. Most of the other cultivated barley sources of resistance in this study (1 cultivar and 3 breeders populations synthesised for resistance) also resolved to markers in the region of this 3H locus. In contrast, the genetic basis of resistance in wild barley populations resolved to at least 5 chromosome locations (1HS, 3H, 6HS, 7HL, and 7HS). Useful markers were of several kinds including proteins, isozymes, PCR based on RFLPs, AFLP, and SSR loci. Thus, wild barley increases the range of options for pyramid breeding and provides linked molecular markers that will be useful in manipulating those genes, or in the analysis of resistance in new sources.
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Zhong, Y., T. Saitoh, T. Minase, N. Sawada, K. Enomoto, and M. Mori. "Monoclonal antibody 7H6 reacts with a novel tight junction-associated protein distinct from ZO-1, cingulin and ZO-2." Journal of Cell Biology 120, no. 2 (January 15, 1993): 477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.120.2.477.
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The tight junction is an essential element of the intercellular junctional complex; yet its protein composition is not fully understood. At present, only three proteins, ZO-1 (Stevenson, B. R., J. D. Siliciano, M. S. Mooseker, and D. A. Goodenough. 1986. J. Cell Biol. 103:755-766), cingulin (Citi, S., H. Sabanay, R. Jakes, B. Geiger, and J. Kendrick-Jones. 1988. Nature (Lond.). 333:272-275) and ZO-2 (Gumbiner, B., T. Lowenkopf, and D. Apatira. 1991. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 88:3460-3464) are known to be associated with the tight junction. We have generated a monoclonal antibody (7H6) against a bile canaliculus-rich membrane fraction prepared from rat liver. This 7H6 antigen was preferentially localized by immunofluorescence at the junctional complex regions of hepatocytes and other epithelia, and 7H6-affiliated gold particles were shown electron microscopically to localize at the periphery of tight junctions. Immunoblot analysis of a bile canaliculus-rich fraction of rat liver using 7H6, anti-ZO-1 antibody (R26.4C), and anti-cingulin antibody revealed that 7H6 reacted selectively with a 155-kD protein, whereas R26.4C reacted only with a 225-kD protein. Anti-cingulin antibody reacted solely with 140 and 108-kD proteins, indicating that the protein recognized by 7H6 is immunologically different from ZO-1 and cingulin. Immunoprecipitation of detergent extracts obtained from metabolically labeled MDCK cells with R26.4C coprecipitated a 160-kD protein, which corresponds to ZO-2, with ZO-1. However, 7H6 did not react with the 160-kD protein. These results strongly suggest that the 7H6 antibody recognizes a novel tight junction-associated protein different from ZO-1, cingulin and ZO-2.
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Bilgic, Hatice, Seungho Cho, David F. Garvin, and Gary J. Muehlbauer. "Mapping barley genes to chromosome arms by transcript profiling of wheat–barley ditelosomic chromosome addition lines." Genome 50, no. 10 (October 2007): 898–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g07-059.
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Wheat–barley disomic and ditelosomic chromosome addition lines have been used as genetic tools for a range of applications since their development in the 1980s. In the present study, we used the Affymetrix Barley1 GeneChip for comparative transcript analysis of the barley cultivar Betzes, the wheat cultivar Chinese Spring, and Chinese Spring – Betzes ditelosomic chromosome addition lines to physically map barley genes to their respective chromosome arm locations. We mapped 1257 barley genes to chromosome arms 1HS, 2HS, 2HL, 3HS, 3HL, 4HS, 4HL, 5HS, 5HL, 7HS, and 7HL based on their transcript levels in the ditelosomic addition lines. The number of genes assigned to individual chromosome arms ranged from 24 to 197. We validated the physical locations of the genes through comparison with our previous chromosome-based physical mapping, comparative in silico mapping with rice and wheat, and single feature polymorphism (SFP) analysis. We found our physical mapping of barley genes to chromosome arms to be consistent with our previous physical mapping to whole chromosomes. In silico comparative mapping of barley genes assigned to chromosome arms revealed that the average genomic synteny to wheat and rice chromosome arms was 63.2% and 65.5%, respectively. In the 1257 mapped genes, we identified SFPs in 924 genes between the appropriate ditelosomic line and Chinese Spring that supported physical map placements. We also identified a single small rearrangement event between rice chromosome 9 and barley chromosome 4H that accounts for the loss of synteny for several genes.
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Velleca, M. A., M. C. Wallace, and J. P. Merlie. "A novel synapse-associated noncoding RNA." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 11 (November 1994): 7095–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.11.7095-7104.1994.
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Synaptic nuclei of innervated muscle transcribe acetylcholine receptor (AChR) genes at a much higher level than extrasynaptic nuclei. To isolate candidate synaptic regulatory molecules responsible for the unique transcriptional potential of synaptic nuclei, we have taken a subtractive hybridization approach. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of a novel synapse-associated RNA, 7H4. 7H4 is expressed selectively in the endplate zone of skeletal muscle and is upregulated during early postnatal development and after denervation. Interestingly, the 7H4 gene has no introns, and yet two different-size RNAs with identical polyadenylated 3' ends are generated. Most intriguingly, the nucleotide sequence does not contain any significant open reading frames, suggesting that 7H4 may function as a noncoding RNA.
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Velleca, M. A., M. C. Wallace, and J. P. Merlie. "A novel synapse-associated noncoding RNA." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 11 (November 1994): 7095–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.11.7095.
Full textAbstract:
Synaptic nuclei of innervated muscle transcribe acetylcholine receptor (AChR) genes at a much higher level than extrasynaptic nuclei. To isolate candidate synaptic regulatory molecules responsible for the unique transcriptional potential of synaptic nuclei, we have taken a subtractive hybridization approach. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of a novel synapse-associated RNA, 7H4. 7H4 is expressed selectively in the endplate zone of skeletal muscle and is upregulated during early postnatal development and after denervation. Interestingly, the 7H4 gene has no introns, and yet two different-size RNAs with identical polyadenylated 3' ends are generated. Most intriguingly, the nucleotide sequence does not contain any significant open reading frames, suggesting that 7H4 may function as a noncoding RNA.
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Sung, Nackmoon, Kuni Takayama, and Michael T. Collins. "Possible Association of GroES and Antigen 85 Proteins with Heat Resistance of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 3 (March 2004): 1688–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.3.1688-1697.2004.
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ABSTRACT Conflicting reports on the heat resistance of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis prompted an examination of the effect of culture medium on this property of the organism. M. paratuberculosis was cultured in three types of media (fatty acid-containing medium 7H9-OADC (oleic acid-albumin-dextrose-catalase supplement) and glycerol-containing media WR-GD and 7H9-GD [glycerol-dextrose supplement]) at pH 6.0. M. paratuberculosis grown under these three culture conditions was then tested for heat resistance in distilled water at 65�C. Soluble proteins and mycolic acids of M. paratuberculosis were evaluated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC), respectively. The type of culture medium used significantly affected the heat resistance of M. paratuberculosis. The decimal reduction times at 65�C (D 65�C values; times required to reduce the concentration of bacteria by a factor of 10 at 65�C) for M. paratuberculosis strains grown in 7H9-OADC were significantly higher than those for the organisms grown in WR-GD medium (P < 0.01). When the glycerol-dextrose supplement of WR was substituted for the fatty acid supplement (OADC) in 7H9 medium (resulting in 7H9-GD), the D 65�C value was significantly lower than that for the organism grown in 7H9-OADC medium (P = 0.022) but higher than that when it was cultured in WR-GD medium (P = 0.005). Proteomic analysis by 2-DE of soluble proteins extracted from M. paratuberculosis grown without heat stress in the three media (7H9-OADC, 7H9-GD, and WR-GD) revealed that seven proteins were more highly expressed in 7H9-OADC medium than in the other two media. When the seven proteins were subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometric analysis, four of the seven protein spots were unidentifiable. The other three proteins were identified as GroES heat shock protein, alpha antigen, and antigen 85 complex B (Ag85B; fibronectin-binding protein). These proteins may be associated with the heat resistance of M. paratuberculosis. Alpha antigen and Ag85B are both trehalose mycolyltransferases involved in mycobacterial cell wall assembly. TLC revealed that 7H9-OADC medium supported production of more trehalose dimycolates and cell wall-bound mycolic acids than did WR-GD medium. The present study shows that in vitro culture conditions significantly affect heat resistance, cell wall synthesis, and protein expression of M. paratuberculosis and emphasize the importance of culture conditions on in vitro and ex vivo studies to estimate heat resistance.
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Souleymane Coulibaly, Sioménan Coulibali, Fanté Bamba, Patrick-Armand Achi, Fernique Konan Kouadio, Ablo Evrard, and Adjou Ané. "Synthesis and effect of N-alkylation on antibacterial activity of 2-(Benzylthio) methyl-1H-benzimidazole derivatives." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 20, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2022.20.3.0370.
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In pursuit the development of novel potent and selective antibacterial agents, we synthesized twelve (12) N-alkyl 2-benzylthiomethyl-1H-benzimidazole derivatives and evaluated their antibacterial activities. Their antibacterial profile was determined with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) against a small set of two (2) strains Escherichia coli (Gram negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive). These compounds are produced by the condensation reaction of 2-benzylthiomethyl-1H-benzimidazole (5) with benzyl chloride or bromide (6) in the presence of potassium carbonate (K2CO3). The panel of twelve synthetized compounds (7a-l) were characterized by NMR 1H, 13C spectroscopy, and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The results showed that compounds 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 7e, 7f, 7h, 7k, and 7l were potent against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with significant MICs values from 140 to 290 µg/mL. On E. coli, five (5) compounds 7b, 7f, 7i, 7k and 7l showed bactericidal effects within common an N-alkylation by R3= phenyl, methyl, and CH2OH on the benzimidazole scaffold and the benzylthiol substituted by R2= Cl or CF3. This is evidence or a probe of these chemical groups implementing the bactericidal activity.
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Sung, Nackmoon, and Michael T. Collins. "Variation in Resistance of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis to Acid Environments as a Function of Culture Medium." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 11 (November 2003): 6833–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.11.6833-6840.2003.
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ABSTRACT Acid resistance of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was examined as a function of growth conditions (i.e., in vitro growth medium and pH). M. paratuberculosis was cultured in either fatty acid-containing medium (7H9-OADC) or glycerol-containing medium (WR-GD or 7H9-GD) at two culture pHs (pHs 6.0 and 6.8). Organisms produced in these six medium and pH conditions were then tested for resistance to acetate buffer at pHs 3, 4, 5, and 6 at 20°C. A radiometric culture method (BACTEC) was used to quantify viable M. paratuberculosis cell data at various acid exposure times, and D values (decimal reduction times, or the times required to kill a 1-log10 concentration of bacteria) were determined. Soluble proteins of M. paratuberculosis grown under all six conditions were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to identify proteins that may be associated with acid resistance or susceptibility. The culture medium affected growth rate and morphology: thin floating sheets of cells were observed in 7H9-OADC versus confluent, thick, waxy, and wrinkled pellicles in WR-GD. Culture medium pH affected growth rate (which was highest at pH 6.0), but it had little or no effect on D values for M. paratuberculosis at any test pH. When grown in 7H9-OADC, M. paratuberculosis was more acid resistant at all test pHs (higher D values) than when grown in WR-GD. Glycerol appeared to be the culture medium component most responsible for lower levels of M. paratuberculosis acid resistance. When glycerol was substituted for OADC in the 7H9 medium, D values were significantly lower than those of 7H9-OADC-grown M. paratuberculosis and were approximately the same as those for M. paratuberculosis grown in WR-GD medium. Comparison of the SDS-PAGE protein profiles for M. paratuberculosis cultures grown in 7H9-OADC, WR-GD, or 7H9-GD medium revealed that increased expression of 34.2- and 14.0-kDa proteins was associated with higher levels of acid resistance of M. paratuberculosis grown in 7H9-OADC medium and that 56.6- and 41.3-kDa proteins were associated with lower levels of acid resistance. This is the first report showing that in vitro culture conditions significantly affect growth characteristics, acid resistance, and protein expression of M. paratuberculosis, and the results emphasize the importance of culture conditions for in vitro susceptibility studies.
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Hu, Guo-Xin, Qing-Quan Lian, Bing-Bing Chen, Pramod V. Prasad, Narender Kumar, Zhi-Qiang Zheng, and Ren-Shan Ge. "7α-Hydroxytestosterone Affects 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 1 Direction in Rat Leydig Cells." Endocrinology 151, no. 2 (February 1, 2010): 748–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2009-0917.
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The cytochrome P450 2A1 (CYP2A1) is a P450 enzyme that catalyzes the metabolism of testosterone. CYP2A1 has been reported to be present in rat testis. However, its developmental changes and function have not been well characterized. The purpose of this study was to measure the abundance of CYP2A1 (Cyp2a1) mRNA in the developing rat testis and Leydig cells and examine the effects of its product, 7α-hydroxytestosterone (7HT), on an important enzyme, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) that interconverts active corticosterone and inactive 11-dehydrocorticosterone. As detected by real-time PCR, Cyp2a1 was found to be present exclusively in the Leydig cell. CYP2A1 activity in adult Leydig cells was 5-fold higher than those in progenitor or immature Leydig cells. 7HT competitively suppressed 11β-HSD1 oxidase and reductase activities in rat testis microsome with inhibitory constant of 1.2 and 2.9 μm, respectively. In intact Leydig cells, 7HT did not inhibit 11β-HSD1 reductase activity, but it stimulated its reductase activity. Thus, at 100 nm and higher concentrations, 7HT significantly switched 11β-HSD1 oxidoreductase activities toward reductase. The present data shows that 7HT, the product formed by CYP2A1 from testosterone, regulates the direction of 11β-HSD1 activity in rat Leydig cells.
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Shojaei, Fallah, Ali Rezvani, and Farokhzad Zonoz. "Deep desulphurization of gas oil and model compounds by anatase nanocomposite sandwich type polyoxometalate as a novel, reusable and green nano mercaptan scavenger." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 78, no. 1 (2013): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc120112034s.
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Oxidative desulphurization of gas oil and model compounds that exist in gas oil with hydrogen peroxide/acetic acid using nanoparticle (Bu4N)7H3[P2W18Cd4(Br)2O68]-TiO2 ((Bu4N)7H3[P2W18Cd4]-TiO2) as a nano scavenger has been studied. This sandwich-type nanoparticle was shown be able to scavenge hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans with high yield. The addition of acetic acid enhanced the conversion. This system provides an efficient, convenient and practical method for scavenging of sulphur compound. The (Bu4N)7H3[P2W18Cd4]-TiO2 nanoparticle was very active catalyst system for the model compound oxidation, while other polyoxometalate systems were much less active.
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Kiran, Kothuri, Dongamanti Ashok, Boddu Rao, Madderla Sarasija, and Alapati Rao. "Synthesis of novel pyrazoline based bis (1,2,3-triazole) scaffolds via click chemistry." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 82, no. 3 (2017): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc160216076a.
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A series of novel bis(1,2,3-triazoles) derivatives 7a?m were synthesized by the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (click-reaction) of 1-methyl-3,5-bis(2- -(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole (5) with various aralkyl azides 6a?m in the presence of sodium ascorbate and copper sulphate with good yields. The required precursor 5 was synthesized by reacting (E)-1,3- -bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (3) with methylhydrazine hydrate via 2,2?-(1-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-3,5-diyl)diphenol 4, followed by reaction with propargyl bromide. The homogeneity of all the newly synthesized compounds was checked by TLC. The IR, NMR, mass spectral data and elemental analysis were in accord with the assigned structure. The title compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against various bacterial strains, i.e., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis; compounds 7f?7h and 7j were found to be moderately active against the bacteria, when compared with that of the standard drug. Furthermore, the same library of compounds was evaluated for their antioxidant activity using the nitric oxide radical scavenging activity. The results of the study showed that compounds 7e?7h and 7k?7m showed good radical scavenging activity.
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Habila, Tahir, Mebrouk Belghobsi, Mohamed-Zakaria Stiti, Eric Goffin, Pascal de Tullio, Gilles Faury, Bernard Pirotte, and Smail Khelili. "Synthesis and vasodilator activity of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones bearing urea, thiourea, and sulfonylurea moieties." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 97, no. 1 (January 2019): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2018-0239.
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A series of novel 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones bearing urea, thiourea, and sulfonylurea moieties were synthesized and pharmacologically evaluated as vasodilator agents. The most interesting vasodilators were the thiourea derivatives 6a and 6b and the urea derivatives 6f–6i and 7f–7h, although the ureas were relatively more active than thioureas. Twenty-fold more active than diazoxide, the urea 6g was the most potent vasodilator (EC50 = 0.983 ± 0.061 μmol/L) and proved to act as a voltage-gated calcium channel blocker. The lack of activity of sulfonylureas, 6k and 7j, could be attributed to their partial ionization at the physiological pH because of their acidic character. It should be interesting to investigate a larger number of compounds, including N-methylated sulfonylureas, to increase the vasodilator activity and to explore other biological models.
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Wright, Amy N., Stuart L. Warren, and Frank A. Blazich. "Effect of Root-zone Temperature on Survival, Growth, and Root Morphology of Kalmia latifolia and Ilex crenata ‘Compacta’." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 25, no. 2 (June 1, 2007): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-25.2.73.
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Abstract Root-zone temperature (RZT) is an important environmental factor affecting growth and performance of woody ornamental plants in the landscape. Research was conducted to compare the effects of RZT on survival, growth, and root morphology of a difficult-to-transplant species, mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia L.), and an easy to transplant species, Japanese holly (Ilex crenata Thunb.). Seedlings of mountain laurel or micropropagated liners of mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia L. ‘Sarah’) and rooted stem cuttings of Japanese holly (Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Compacta’) were grown hydroponically for 12 weeks in controlled environment conditions under long days at 9-hr days/15-hr nights of 26/22C (79/72F) with RZTs of 16, 24, or 32C (61, 75, or 90F). Compared to 16 and 24C (61 and 75F), percent survival of mountain laurel was reduced by a RZT of 32C (90F), whereas percent survival of Compacta holly was unaffected by RZT. Root dry weight of mountain laurel was reduced 72% at 32C (90F) while top dry weight was unaffected by RZT. Top and root dry weights of Compacta holly were unaffected by RZT. Root: top ratio of mountain laurel was reduced by increasing RZT, whereas root: top ratio of Compacta holly was unaffected by RZT. Root area of mountain laurel and Compacta holly were reduced 80 and 64%, respectively, at 32C (90F) compared with 16C (61F). Number of lateral roots in the apical 2 cm (0.8 in) of primary roots of both taxa increased with increasing RZT. Results of this research indicate that reducing RZT in the landscape may increase survival and root growth of transplanted mountain laurel.
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Anegundi, Narshimamurthy, and Katti Pancharatna. "7-Hydroxycoumarin Elicit Anti-Angiogenic Effects Through Cellular Apoptosis in Developing Embryos of Zebrafish (Danio Rerio)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 21 (July 31, 2017): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n21p53.
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Derivatives of coumarin have diverse biological activities and pharmacological significance. In this study we made an attempt to test one of the hydroxy derivative i.e. 7-hydroxycoumarin (7HC) for its anti-angiogenic potential using embryonic angiogenesis of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as biological model. Developing embryos of D. rerio were cultured in media containing one of the grade (1 mM or 2 mM or 3 mM or 4 mM or 5 mM) of concentration of 7HC from gastrula stage (~6 hrs post fertilization - hpf) until completion of embryonic development and hatching (72 hpf). Developmental trajectory of each post hatched larva was traced for two weeks. Angiogenesis and patterning of major blood vessels occurred in zebrafish embryos/ larvae between 24 - 72 hpf in controls. Exposure to 7HC resulted in an impairment in patterning of inter segmental vessels (ISVs) dorsal aorta (DA), dorsal longitudinal anastomotic vessel (DLAV), posterior cardinal vein (PCV), and common cardinal veins (CCVs) accompanied by increased site specific cellular apoptosis, declined heart rates in a dosedependent manner. 7HC manifest anti-angiogenic effects mediated/ induced through cellular apoptosis, hence may deserve attention and consideration as tumour angiogenesis suppressors in malignancy therapeutics.
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Lopes, Eliane, Leôncio L. Soares, Lucas R. R. Caldas, Matheus S. Cerqueira, João C. B. Marins, Maicon R. Albuquerque, and Miguel A. Carneiro-Júnior. "Validity of the estimated body fat percentage by bioimpedance and skinfolds in middle-aged and elderly women." Archivos de Medicina del Deporte 38, no. 6 (January 24, 2022): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.18176/archmeddeporte.00067.
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Objectives: Verify the validity of electrical bioimpedance (BIA) and the skinfold method in estimating the percentage of body fat (% BF) in middle-aged and elderly women, using dual emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a reference method. Material and methods: The sample consisted of 106 volunteers (middle age, n = 58 [51.3 ± 4.9 years] and elderly, n = 48 [67.2 ± 5.8 years]). The volunteers were submitted to anthropometric assessments and the % BF was subsequently calculated using the Jackson and Pollock 7 skinfold protocol (7SF). The % BF was also measured using BIA and DXA. Pearson’s correlation, Bland and Altman method, effect size and repeated-measure t-test were used to test the hypotheses. Results: Although there is a moderate positive relationship between the methods evaluated for middle-aged women (DXA vs 7SF, r = 0.67; DXA vs BIA, r = 0.62) and moderate to strong for the elderly (DXA vs 7SF, r = 0.57; DXA vs BIA, r = 0.75) (p ≤ 0.05 in all analyzes), the agreement between the methods was weak (limits of agreement > ± 3.5%). Additionally, when assessing the % BF mean using each method within the groups, it was observed that there was no significant difference between the estimates only between DXA and Pollock 7SF in the elderly group. Conclusion: Therefore, both the 7SF method and the BIA are not valid for estimating body fat in the sample evaluated. It is necessary to develop equations for specific skinfolds to estimate the % BF of middle-aged and elderly women and review the equations used by the BIA.
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Thomas, C. A. "First Report of Race 1 ofPhytophthora megaspermaf. sp.glycineaon Soybean in Delaware." Plant Disease 70, no. 1 (1986): 78f. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-70-78f.
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Matoušek, Jaroslav, and Gerhard Steger. "The Splicing Variant TFIIIA-7ZF of Viroid-Modulated Transcription Factor IIIA Causes Physiological Irregularities in Transgenic Tobacco and Transient Somatic Depression of “Degradome” Characteristic for Developing Pollen." Cells 11, no. 5 (February 23, 2022): 784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11050784.
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Viroids are small, non-coding, pathogenic RNAs with a significant ability of adaptation to several basic cellular processes in plants. TFIIIA-7ZF, a splicing variant of transcription factor IIIA, is involved in replication of nuclear-replicating viroids by DNA-dependent polymerase II. We overexpressed NbTFIIIA-7ZF from Nicotiana benthamiana in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) where it caused morphological and physiological deviations like plant stunting, splitting of leaf petioles, pistils or apexes, irregular branching of shoots, formation of double-blade leaves, deformation of main stems, and modification of glandular trichomes. Plant aging and senescence was dramatically delayed in transgenic lines. Factors potentially involved in viroid degradation and elimination in pollen were transiently depressed in transgenic leaves. This depressed “degradome” in young plants involved NtTudor S-like nuclease, dicers, argonoute 5, and pollen extracellular nuclease I showing expression in tobacco anthers and leaves. Analysis of the “degradome” in tobacco leaves transformed with either of two hop viroids confirmed modifications of the “degradome” and TFIIIA expression. Thus, the regulatory network connected to TFIIIA-7ZF could be involved in plant pathogenesis as well as in viroid adaptation to avoid its degradation. These results support the hypothesis on a significant impact of limited TFIIIA-7ZF on viroid elimination in pollen.
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Cheong, Judy, Kevin Williams, and Hugh Wallwork. "The identification of QTLs for adult plant resistance to leaf scald in barley." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57, no. 9 (2006): 961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar05389.
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Barley leaf scald disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Rhynchosporium secalis, can be economically damaging, causing both yield losses and lower quality from reduced grain size. Most genetic studies of scald resistance have concentrated on seedling reactions either because of a lack of access to field screening resources or else because of the more definitive phenotype obtained at the seedling stage. However, understanding the genetics of adult plant resistance (APR) to leaf scald could help to produce more durable resistance to this disease. APR to leaf scald in a Chebec/Harrington population (120 doubled haploid (DH) lines) and a Mundah/Keel population (95 DH lines) was determined at Turretfield, South Australia, in 2004. Two different conditions of scald infection were used for Chebec/Harrington, natural infection and inoculation with 2 known scald isolates, whereas Mundah/Keel was inoculated with 2 known isolates. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for scald resistance were identified using a previously published Chebec/Harrington map. Three QTLs (on chromosomes 7HS, 7HL, and 6HS) were identified using the natural infection data and one QTL on chromosome 6HL using the inoculated plant data. Two QTLs were identified on chromosome 3HL and 6HS, respectively, using a partial map of Mundah/Keel. An unmapped Schooner/O’Connor population, consisting of 116 DH lines, was also phenotyped for adult plant resistance to scald using natural infection at Turretfield in 2001. Bulked-segregant analysis was used to identify molecular markers linked to a scald resistance locus in the barley cultivar O’Connor on chromosome 6HS, at the same location as the QTLs identified from Harrington and Keel. Six of the QTLs for APR to leaf scald identified in this study were co-located with previously identified seedling resistance genes.
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Glenn, Christopher T., Frank A. Blazich, and Stuart L. Warren. "Secondary Seed Dormancy of Rhododendron catawbiense and Rhododendron maximum." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 17, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-17.1.1.
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Abstract Seeds of Rhododendron catawbiense Michx. (Catawba rhododendron) and Rhododendron maximum L. (rosebay rhododendron) were germinated at 25C (77F) or an 8/16 hr thermoperiod of 25/15C (77/59F) with constant light after imbibed seeds were maintained in total darkness for 0, 9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54 or 63 days at the same temperatures. Maintenance of imbibed seeds of R. catawbiense in darkness at 25C (77F) for up to 63 days caused no induction of secondary dormancy while induction occurred for seeds in darkness at 25/15C (77/59F). When imbibed seeds of R. catawbiense were subjected immediately to light following imbibition, 30-day germination at 25C (77F) was 98% compared to 95% for imbibed seeds maintained in darkness for 63 days and then exposed to light. If germinated at 25/15C (77/59F), immediate light exposure resulted in 99% germination which decreased significantly to 76% after 63 days of dark treatment. Seeds of R. maximum maintained in darkness developed secondary dormancy at both temperatures. Thirty day germination of seeds subjected immediately to light following imbibition at 25C (77F) was 82% which decreased to 29% after dark treatment for 9 days. Further reductions in germination continued as the length of dark treatment increased with < 10% germination after maintenance in darkness for 27 days. At 25/15C (77/59F) induction of secondary dormancy was not as dramatic as that at 25C (77F). Without dark treatment, 30-day germination at 25/15C (77/59F) was 99% which decreased significantly to 88% after dark treatment for 18 days. Reductions in germination continued up to 63 days with 67% germination. Partial removal of secondary dormancy in seeds of R. maximum was achieved by subjecting seeds to moist-chilling.
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Arocha, Luis O., Frank A. Blazich, Stuart L. Warren, Mack Thetford, and James B. Berry. "Seed Germination of Rhododendron chapmanii: Influence of Light and Temperature." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 17, no. 4 (December 1, 1999): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-17.4.193.
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Abstract Seeds of Rhododendron chapmanii A. Gray (Chapman's rhododendron) were germinated at 25C (77F) or 8/16 hr thermoperiods of 25/15C (77/59F) or 30/20C (86/68F) with daily photoperiods of 0 (total darkness), ¼, ½, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 or 24 hr. For all temperatures, no germination occurred during a 30-day period for seeds not subjected to light. At 25C (77F) germination was a function of photoperiod. The longer the photoperiod the greater the germination with 30-day germination ≥90% for photoperiods ≥8 hr. Alternating temperatures, particularly 25/15C (77/59F), enhanced germination when light was limiting. The highest germination (80%) by day 30 for seeds at 30/20C (86/68F) was realized with a 24-hr photoperiod, whereas 30-day germination ≥ 90% occurred at 25/15C (77/59F) and 25C (77F) for photoperiods of 8 and 12 hr and 8, 12, and 24 hr, respectively.
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Burgess, Tyler L., Frank A. Blazich, and David L. Nash. "Seed Germination of Southern Seaoats (Uniola paniculata) as Influenced by Stratification, Temperature, and Light." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 20, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): 180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-20.3.180.
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Abstract Seeds of southern seaoats (Uniola paniculata L.) were removed from storage at 4C (39F) and stratified (moist-prechilled) for 0, 15, or 30 days at 4C (39F). Following stratification, seeds were germinated at 25C (77F) or 30C (86F) or at 8/16 hr thermoperiods of 30/20C (86/68F) or 35/25C (95/77F) with daily photoperiods at each temperature of 0 (total darkness), 2, 4, 8, 12, or 24 hr. Germination was recorded every 3 days for 30 days. Light had no effect on germination. Regardless of photoperiod the influence of light was nonsignificant (P = 0.45). On the other hand, temperature and stratification were significant (P = 0.0001) and there was a significant interaction (P = 0.001) between the two parameters. Averaged across all treatments, the highest total germination was realized at 35/25C (95/77F) (60%) followed by 30/20C (86/68F) (48%), 30C (86F) (37%), and 25C (77F) (31 %). Stratification was not a requirement for germination but stratification for 15 days increased the rate of germination but not total germination. However, stratification for 30 days decreased germination due to seed decay caused by fungal growth despite seed treatment with 1.3% sodium hypochlorite prior to stratification. Seed decay during germination was observed and treatments to reduce decay should be investigated since viability tests with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC or TZ) indicated that initial seed viability was >95%.
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Huang, Hu, Yen, and Tseng. "Improvement of Skin Penetration, Antipollutant Activity and Skin Hydration of 7,3′,4′-Trihydroxyisoflavone Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 8 (August 8, 2019): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11080399.
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As is known, many antioxidants from plant extracts have been used as additives in skincare products to prevent skin damage following overexposure to environmental pollutants. 7,3′,4′-trihydroxyisoflavone (734THIF), an isoflavone compound, possesses various biological activities, including antioxidant, antityrosinase, photodamage protection, and anticancer effects. Unfortunately, 734THIF has poor water solubility, which limits its skin penetration and absorption, and subsequently influences its biological activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms for the improvement in water solubility and skin penetration of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) inclusion complex with 734THIF (5-7HP). We also determined its photostability, antipollutant activity in HaCaT keratinocytes, and moisturizing effect in human subjects. Our results showed that 734THIF was embedded into the lipophilic inner cavity of HPBCD and its water solubility and skin penetration were thereby improved through amorphous transformation, surface area enhancement, and hydrogen bonding formation between 734THIF and HPBCD. In addition, 5-7HP inhibited PM-induced ROS generation and then downregulated ROS-mediated COX-2 and MMP9 production and AQP-3 consumption by inhibiting the phosphorylation of MAPKs. Consequently, we suggest that 5-7HP is a safe and photostable topical ingredient to enhance the skin penetration of 734THIF and skin hydration, and therefore 5-7HP may be used as an antipollutant additive in skin care products.
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Hao, Chao Wei, Qing Fang Ma, Zheng Wang, Guo Qiao Lai, and Jian Xiong Jiang. "The Processing of Porous Superfine-Denier Nylon 6 Draw Texturing Yarn." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.549.
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In this paper, the processing technologies of Nylon 6 POY (46dtex/72f) and DTY (38dtex/72f) fibers with super-denier by means of self-made rare-earth masterbatch are illustrated in details. The influence of rare-earth masterbatch’s content and knitting technologies on the properties of DTY fibers with porous superfine-denier is also particularly discussed. And finally we find out the best spinning techniques for PA 6 POY fiber and knitting process for PA 6 DTY fiber with porous superfine-denier.
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Dissanayaka Mudiyanselage, Shachinthaka, Jie Qu, Nancy Tian, Jian Jiang, and Ying Wang. "Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid RNA-Templated Transcription: Factors and Regulation." Viruses 10, no. 9 (September 17, 2018): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10090503.
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Viroids are circular noncoding RNAs that infect plants. Without encoding any protein, these noncoding RNAs contain the necessary genetic information for propagation in hosts. Nuclear-replicating viroids employ DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II (Pol II) for replication, a process that makes a DNA-dependent enzyme recognize RNA templates. Recently, a splicing variant of transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA-7ZF) was identified as essential for Pol II to replicate potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd). The expression of TFIIIA-7ZF, particularly the splicing event, is regulated by a ribosomal protein (RPL5). PSTVd modulates its expression through a direct interaction with RPL5 resulting in optimized expression of TFIIIA-7ZF. This review summarizes the recent discoveries of host factors and regulatory mechanisms underlying PSTVd-templated transcription processes and raises new questions that may help future exploration in this direction. In addition, it briefly compares the machinery and the regulatory mechanism for PSTVd with the replication/transcription system of human hepatitis delta virus.
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Yen, Pei-Ling, Sen-Sung Cheng, Chia-Cheng Wei, Huan-You Lin, Vivian Hsiu-Chuan Liao, and Shang-Tzen Chang. "Antioxidant Activities and Reduced Amyloid-β Toxicity of 7-Hydroxycalamenene Isolated from the Essential Oil of Zelkova serrata Heartwood." Natural Product Communications 11, no. 9 (September 2016): 1934578X1601100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1601100943.
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The in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities and its potential to protect against amyloid-β toxicity of essential oils from Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino were investigated in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. The results revealed that the essential oil of Z. serrata heartwood exhibited great radical scavenging activities and high total phenolic content. In vivo assays showed significant inhibition of oxidative damage in wild-type C. elegans under juglone-induced oxidative stress and heat shock. Based on results from both in vitro and in vivo assays, the major compound in essential oil of heartwood, (-)-(1 S, 4 S)-7-hydroxycalamenene (1 S, 4 S-7HC), may contribute significantly to the observed antioxidant activity. Further evidence showed that 1 S, 4 S-7HC significantly delayed the paralysis phenotype in amyloid beta-expressing transgenic C. elegans. These findings suggest that 1 S, 4 S-7HC from the essential oil of Z. serrata heartwood has potential as a source for antioxidant or Alzheimer's disease treatment.
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Böker, Alexander, Ira Seibel, Anne Rübsam, Antonia Joussen, and Oliver Zeitz. "Periphere Ischämie bei diabetischer Retinopathie und retinalen Venenthrombosen: neue Einblicke durch die Ultraweitwinkelfundusfotografie und Weitwinkelangiografie." Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde 235, no. 09 (September 2018): 974–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0667-0706.
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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Bei verschiedenen Krankheitsbildern spielen sich pathophysiologische Prozesse in der äußersten Netzhautperipherie ab. So ist bei der diabetischen Retinopathie und retinalen Venenverschlüssen die periphere Netzhaut häufig ischämisch. Gleichzeitig gehört die Bildgebung der peripheren Netzhaut zu den anspruchsvollsten Untersuchungstechniken in der Augenheilkunde. Neue Ultraweitwinkel-Kamerasysteme versprechen hier erhebliche Vereinfachungen, was zu einer breiteren Anwendung führen könnte. Dadurch wiederum könnte die Untersuchung der peripheren Netzhaut eine neue klinische Bedeutung erlangen. Material und Methoden Literatur- und Datenbankrecherche zum Thema Ultraweitwinkel-Fundusbildgebung bei diabetischer Retinopathie und retinalen Venenverschlüssen. Ergebnisse Mit der Ultraweitwinkelfotografie bzw. -angiografie lässt sich bis zu 3,2 × mehr Netzhautfläche abbilden als mit den bisher in Studien üblichen 7SF-Aufnahmen (7SF: 7 Standardfelder). Erste Anwendungsstudien legen nahe, dass in 10% der Fälle relevante diabetische Veränderungen außerhalb der Grenzen von 7SF-Aufnahmen liegen. Bei der Zentralvenenthrombose gibt es Hinweise, dass Patienten mit mehr peripherer Ischämie (gemessen als ischämischer Index [ISI]) ausgedehntere Makulaödeme haben. Auch hat das Ausmaß der Ischämie einen Einfluss auf das Ausmaß eines Makulaödems, seinen Rückgang unter Therapie und die Zahl der benötigten Injektionen mit Anti-VEGF-Inhibitoren. Diskussion Mit den Ultraweitwinkel-Funduskamerasystemen kann die Netzhautperipherie, insbesondere ischämische Areale und Neovaskularisationen, über die Grenzen der konventionellen Methoden hinaus dargestellt werden. Bisherige Studien weisen darauf hin, dass mit diesen Verfahren Veränderungen sichtbar gemacht werden können, die mittels Standardtechniken, insbesondere 7SF, übersehen werden. Systematische Untersuchungen zur Relevanz dieser Veränderungen für die Prognose und Steuerung der Therapie stehen noch aus.
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Saeed, Amna, Syeda Abida Ejaz, Muhammad Sarfraz, Nissren Tamam, Farhan Siddique, Naheed Riaz, Faizan Abul Qais, Samir Chtita, and Jamshed Iqbal. "Discovery of Phenylcarbamoylazinane-1,2,4-Triazole Amides Derivatives as the Potential Inhibitors of Aldo-Keto Reductases (AKR1B1 & AKRB10): Potential Lead Molecules for Treatment of Colon Cancer." Molecules 27, no. 13 (June 21, 2022): 3981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27133981.
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Both members of the aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) family, AKR1B1 and AKR1B10, are over-expressed in various type of cancer, making them potential targets for inflammation-mediated cancers such as colon, lung, breast, and prostate cancers. This is the first comprehensive study which focused on the identification of phenylcarbamoylazinane-1, 2,4-triazole amides (7a–o) as the inhibitors of aldo-keto reductases (AKR1B1, AKR1B10) via detailed computational analysis. Firstly, the stability and reactivity of compounds were determined by using the Guassian09 programme in which the density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed by using the B3LYP/SVP level. Among all the derivatives, the 7d, 7e, 7f, 7h, 7j, 7k, and 7m were found chemically reactive. Then the binding interactions of the optimized compounds within the active pocket of the selected targets were carried out by using molecular docking software: AutoDock tools and Molecular operation environment (MOE) software, and during analysis, the Autodock (academic software) results were found to be reproducible, suggesting this software is best over the MOE (commercial software). The results were found in correlation with the DFT results, suggesting 7d as the best inhibitor of AKR1B1 with the energy value of −49.40 kJ/mol and 7f as the best inhibitor of AKR1B10 with the energy value of −52.84 kJ/mol. The other potent compounds also showed comparable binding energies. The best inhibitors of both targets were validated by the molecular dynamics simulation studies where the root mean square value of <2 along with the other physicochemical properties, hydrogen bond interactions, and binding energies were observed. Furthermore, the anticancer potential of the potent compounds was confirmed by cell viability (MTT) assay. The studied compounds fall into the category of drug-like properties and also supported by physicochemical and pharmacological ADMET properties. It can be suggested that the further synthesis of derivatives of 7d and 7f may lead to the potential drug-like molecules for the treatment of colon cancer associated with the aberrant expression of either AKR1B1 or AKR1B10 and other associated malignancies.
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Lourencon, Raquel V., Luana Ribeiro, Ryszard Puchala, Wei Wang, Terry A. Gipson, and Arthur L. Goetsch. "PSXII-25 Effects of level and source of dietary forage on performance of lactating Alpine goats." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (October 8, 2021): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.861.
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Abstract Thirty-two primiparous and 32 multiparous Alpine goats consumed diets varying in level and source of forage to determine influences on lactation performance. Diets were 40, 50, 60, and 70% forage (40F, 50F, 60F, and 70F, respectively), with forage in 60F and 70F being coarsely ground grass hay (primarily orchardgrass) and that in 40F and 50F cottonseed hulls, alfalfa pellets, and wheat hay. Initial body weight was 56.1±1.22 and 58.3±1.33 kg for primiparous and multiparous goats, respectively. Diets were 15.7–16.1% crude protein, 40.5, 45.9, 57.1, and 59.6% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 6.1, 7.4, 4.6, and 5.0% acid detergent lignin, 10.0, 15.8, 50.1, and 55.5% particle retention on a 19-mm sieve, and 28.1, 32.4, 41.9, and 43.2% physically effective NDF for 40F, 50F, 60F, and 70F, respectively. The experiment started at 14 days-in-milk and lasted 16 wk. Average daily gain was similar (P > 0.05) among treatments (-23, -33, -28, and -28 g; SEM=1.11), but dry matter intake [(DMI) 2.71, 2.75, 1.96, and 1.95 kg/d, SEM=0.133] and milk yield (2.82, 2.71, 2.23, and 2.10 kg/d; SEM=0.157) were lower (P < 0.05) for the 2 diets highest in forage. Treatments affected (P < 0.05) milk fat (3.16, 3.37, 2.93, and 2.97%; SEM=0.120) and protein concentrations (2.62, 2.69, 2.58, and 2.52% for 40F, 50F, 60F, and 70F, respectively; SEM=0.042). Milk energy yield was greater (P < 0.05) for the 2 diets highest in concentrate (7.51, 7.45, 5.68, and 5.34 MJ/d; SEM=0.471), although relative to DMI yield was not affected (P > 0.05) by diet (2.94, 2.95, 2.76, and 2.74 MJ/kg for 40F, 50F, 60F, and 70F, respectively (SEM=0.164) and was greater (P < 0.05) for multiparous vs. primiparous goats (2.64 and 3.05 MJ/kg; SEM=0.116). In conclusion, lactational performance of Alpine goats in early to mid-lactation will be constrained with diets high in forage of moderate quality and large particle size.
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Holland, Bradley T., Stuart L. Warren, and Thomas G. Ranney. "Evaluating Recovery of Cupressaceae Taxa After Flooding at Contrasting Temperatures." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2003): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-21.1.51.
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Abstract Chamaecyparis are ornamental plants that are used extensively in temperate-zone landscapes worldwide. However, due to their low tolerance to environmental stresses Chamaecyparis often perform poorly in urban landscapes. The objective of this research was to evaluate rootstocks of selected Cupressaceae taxa to determine their adaptability to poor drainage and high temperatures found commonly in urban landscapes. To accomplish this objective, 10 taxa (Chamaecyparis, Platycladus, Thuga spp., and x sCupressocyparis leylandii) were grown in 2.8 liter (#1) black plastic containers with a pinebark:sand (8:1 by vol) medium for 19 weeks in two greenhouses with 9/15 hr day/night temperatures of either 22/18C (72/64F) or 30/26C (86/79F). Half the plants in each greenhouse were flooded for 4 weeks. Root relative growth rate (RGR) was a better indicator of plant performance under flooded conditions compared to shoot RGR. At 22/18C (72/64F), root RGR of Chamaecyparis thyoides and Thuja ‘Green Giant’ only declined 10% and 11% between nonflooded and flooded plants, respectively. Chamaecyparis obtusa and x Cupressocyparis leylandii had the largest percentage decline in root RGR from nonflooded to flooded plants with 71% and 213%, respectively. Chamaecyparis thyoides had the highest root RGR at 30/26C (86/79F) in both nonflooded and flooded conditions with a 19% decrease in root RGR between nonflooded and flooded. Chamaecyparis lawsoniana and T. ‘Green Giant’ were ranked 2 and 3 in flooded conditions at 30/26C (86/79F); however, percentage decline increased to 43% and 46%, respectively. At this temperature, the remaining seven taxa had greater than 50% decline in root RGR in flooded conditions compared to nonflooded plants. In nonflooded conditions, shoot and root RGR of all species decreased from 22/18C (72/64F) to 30/26C (86/79F) except for Chamaecyparis thyoides. The shoot and root RGR of Chamaecyparis thyoides grown in 22/18C (72/64F) and 30/26C (86/79F) were similar in nonflooded conditions. Chamaecyparis thyoides demonstrated excellent tolerance to flooding and temperature and could be a desirable understock for other Chamaecyparis when grown in poorly drained locations.
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Kaniga, Koné, Daniela M. Cirillo, Sven Hoffner, Nazir A. Ismail, Devinder Kaur, Nacer Lounis, Beverly Metchock, Gaby E. Pfyffer, and Amour Venter. "A Multilaboratory, Multicountry Study To Determine Bedaquiline MIC Quality Control Ranges for Phenotypic Drug Susceptibility Testing." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 54, no. 12 (September 21, 2016): 2956–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01123-16.
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The aim of this study was to establish standardized drug susceptibility testing (DST) methodologies and reference MIC quality control (QC) ranges for bedaquiline, a diarylquinoline antimycobacterial, used in the treatment of adults with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Two tier-2 QC reproducibility studies of bedaquiline DST were conducted in eight laboratories using Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Agar dilution and broth microdilution methods were evaluated.Mycobacterium tuberculosisH37Rv was used as the QC reference strain. Bedaquiline MIC frequency, mode, and geometric mean were calculated. When resulting data occurred outside predefined CLSI criteria, the entire laboratory data set was excluded. For the agar dilution MIC, a 4-dilution QC range (0.015 to 0.12 μg/ml) centered around the geometric mean included 95.8% (7H10 agar dilution; 204/213 observations with one data set excluded) or 95.9% (7H11 agar dilution; 232/242) of bedaquiline MICs. For the 7H9 broth microdilution MIC, a 3-dilution QC range (0.015 to 0.06 μg/ml) centered around the mode included 98.1% (207/211, with one data set excluded) of bedaquiline MICs. Microbiological equivalence was demonstrated for bedaquiline MICs determined using 7H10 agar and 7H11 agar but not for bedaquiline MICs determined using 7H9 broth and 7H10 agar or 7H9 broth and 7H11 agar. Bedaquiline DST methodologies and MIC QC ranges against the H37RvM. tuberculosisreference strain have been established: 0.015 to 0.12 μg/ml for the 7H10 and 7H11 agar dilution MICs and 0.015 to 0.06 μg/ml for the 7H9 broth microdilution MIC. These methodologies and QC ranges will be submitted to CLSI and EUCAST to inform future research and provide guidance for routine clinical bedaquiline DST in laboratories worldwide.
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Sharlo, Kristina A., Irina D. Lvova, Svetlana P. Belova, Ksenia A. Zaripova, Boris S. Shenkman, and Tatiana L. Nemirovskaya. "Metformin Attenuates Slow-to-Fast Fiber Shift and Proteolysis Markers Increase in Rat Soleus after 7 Days of Rat Hindlimb Unloading." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010503.
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Muscle unloading leads to signaling alterations that cause muscle atrophy and weakness. The cellular energy sensor AMPK can regulate myofiber-type shift, calcium-dependent signaling and ubiquitin-proteasome system markers. We hypothesized that the prevention of p-AMPK downregulation during the first week of muscle unloading would impede atrophy development and the slow-to-fast shift of soleus muscle fibers, and the aim of the study was to test this hypothesis. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: placebo control (C), control rats treated with metformin (C + M), 7 days of hindlimb suspension (HS) + placebo (7HS), and 7 days of HS + metformin administration (7HS + M). In the soleus of the 7HS rats, we detected a slow-to-fast fiber-type shift as well as a significant downregulation of MEF-2D and p300 in the nuclei. In the 7HS group, we also found decreases in p-ACC (AMPK target) protein level and in the expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases and p-CaMK II protein level vs. the C group. The 7-day metformin treatment for soleus muscle unloading (1) prevented slow-to-fast fiber-type shift; (2) counteracted changes in the p-ACC protein level; (3) hindered changes in the nuclear protein level of the slow myosin expression activators MEF-2D and p300, but did not affect NFATc1 signaling; and (4) attenuated the unloading-induced upregulation of MuRF-1, atrogin-1, ubiquitin and myostatin mRNA expression, but did not prevent soleus muscle atrophy. Thus, metformin treatment during muscle disuse could be useful to prevent the decrease in the percentage of slow-type fatigue-resistant muscle fibers.
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GASCHO, JOSEPH. "72F, New Onset Atrial Fibrillation." Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 37, no. 11 (September 5, 2014): 1572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pace.12498.
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Zhu, Yunhua, and H. Christopher Frey. "Uncertainty Analysis of Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Systems Based on Frame 7H versus 7F Gas Turbines." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 56, no. 12 (December 2006): 1649–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2006.10464570.
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Goyal, Ankush, Baljeet Kaur, Amandeep Kaur, Vivek K. Gupta, and Monika Gupta. "SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF 2-(4-SUBSTITUTED BENZYLIDENE)- 7-METHYL-2H-THIAZOLO[3, 2-A] PYRIMIDINE-3,5-DIONES." INDIAN DRUGS 60, no. 07 (July 28, 2023): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.60.07.12341.
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The organosulphur thiazolo-pyrimidines are fused heterocyclic compounds that can be anticipated as 7-thio counterparts of the genuine purine bases such as guanine and adenine. They have attained a growing significance in the domain of drug chemistry because of their diverse pharmacological activities. In the current study, 2-substituted benzylidene-7-methyl-2H-thiazolo [3,2-a] pyrimidine-3,5-dione derivatives were synthesised. The synthetic compounds were tested against the human myelomonocytic leukaemia cell line (U-937) for their ability to inhibit cancer cell growth as well as against Gram negative E. coli (MTCC 40) and Gram positive S. aureus (MTCC 87) for their ability to inhibit bacterial growth. The amine and halogen containing compounds exhibited the strongest anticancer and antibacterial effects among all the derivatives in series (7a-j). Compounds 7h, 7e, 7a, 7b, 7c, 7i, and 7j displayed improved activity in both assays compared to standard andriyamycin and ciprofloxacin, whereas 7d, 7f, and 7g were shown to be moderately active. Through the use of IR, NMR and mass spectrum analyses, the molecular structures of the synthesized compounds were determined.
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Vuuren, A. M. van, C. J. van der Koelen, and J. Vroons-de Bruin. "Influence of level and composition of concentrate supplements on rumen fermentation patterns of grazing dairy cows." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 34, no. 4 (November 1, 1986): 457–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v34i4.16769.
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In a 2 x 2 Latin square design trial 6 grazing dairy cows, with rumen cannula, were supplemented with high-starch concentrate, containing starch 248 g/kg DM, or low-starch concentrate (starch 15 g/kg DM). Cows were given daily 1 kg high-starch concentrate (1HS), 7 kg high-starch concentrate (7HS) or 7 kg low-starch concentrate (7LS) in equal meals fed at 0600 and 1600 h. After 3 weeks of adaptation, rumen samples were taken at 4-h intervals in two 24-h periods. In the first 24-h period samples from the swards (80-90% Lolium perenne) were taken immediately before rumen sampling. Total sugar content of herbage increased during daytime with the highest content directly before sunset. Patterns of ruminal pH values were not different between treatment and values were minimum at 2400 h. Volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia peaked at 2400 h. Extra high- or low-starch concentrate decreased ruminal content of ammonia 19, 13 and 12 mmol/litre for treatments 1HS, 7HS and 7LS and also decreased branched-chain VFA. Acetate:propionate and non-glucogenic:glucogenic ratios within VFA and percentage of milk fat were lowest for treatment 7HS. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
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Li, Yiming, Shuo Fang, Xia Zhou, Zhezhen Zhao, Fei Li, and Ping Liu. "Adsorption Study of Lignin Removal from Recycled Alkali Black Liquor by Adsorption Resins for Improved Cellulase Hydrolysis of Corn Straw." Molecules 25, no. 19 (September 29, 2020): 4475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194475.
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Previous studies showed that aromatic compounds such as lignin, phenols, and furans were main inhibitors of cellulase hydrolysis in recycled alkali black liquor (RBL), which should be removed to improve alkali utilization. In this study, three polymeric resins, XAD-4, XAD-16N, and XAD-7HP, were evaluated for their abilities to remove lignin from alkali black liquor recycled at the third time. Adsorption conditions of adsorbent dose and equilibrium time, isotherms, and kinetics were investigated. Of three tested adsorbents, XAD-16N was the most efficient, which can remove 89.84% of lignin after adsorption at an adsorbent-to-solution ratio of 1:4 for 2.5 h. Pseudo-second-order model was efficient to represent XAD-16N and XAD-7HP adsorption kinetics. Adsorption behavior of XAD-4 on RBL was fitted better to Langmuir model, while XAD-16N and XAD-7HP adsorption were more consistent with Freundlich model. The cellulase hydrolysis rate of corn straw treated with RBL after XAD-16N adsorption combined with ozone was 86.89%, which was only 0.89% lower than that of sodium hydroxide combined with ozone treatment. Structure characterization proved that the damage of XAD-16N adsorbed RBL to corn straw was similar to that of sodium hydroxide. It indicated that adsorption was effective in inhibitor removal from RBL to improve alkali utilization.
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DiCesare, Danielle, Peter Duan, Desmond Fitzpatrick, Stan Paynter, and Christian Zuver. "The Effect of Weather and Heat-Related Variation on Patient Presentation and Transport Rates." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 38, S1 (May 2023): s172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x23004466.
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Introduction:Mass gatherings are becoming increasingly more common and require adequate preparedness in order to ensure the safety of participants. Standardized planning tools for optimal resource utilization during these events are lacking. We analyzed prehospital data from a high census US theme park to determine whether heat index and wet bulb index are predictive of patient presentation and transport rates.Method:This was a retrospective analysis of prehospital data from a high census US theme park. Daily EMS data including call and transport volume as well as corresponding local weather information were gathered between May 2021 to September 2022. The relationship between patient presentation rate and transport rate and weather information was analyzed using Analysis of Variance Testing. Patient presentation rates were calculated based on average daily attendance according to unofficial attendance tracking sources. Seasonal attendance variation was accounted for by comparing variations in patient presentation and transports to the average call and transportations rates for that respective month.Results:A total of 515 days of data were included. We found that higher wet bulb temperature readings correlated with both higher patient presentation rates per 10,000 attendees (>80F 4.09, 70-79F 3.39, <69F 2.84 patients; P<0.05) and increased hospital transport rates per 10,000 attendees (>80F 1.38, 70-79F 1.29, <69F 1.09 patients; P<0.05). Adjusted for seasonal variation of attendance, higher wet bulb temperatures were likewise correlated with increased presentation (>80F 102%, 70-79F 98%, <69F 93% of average patients per day; P<0.05) and transports (>80F 101%, 70-79F 100%, <69F 93% of average transports per day; P<0.05). Additional analysis noted similarly increased patient presentation and transport rates on days with higher maximum heat indices.Conclusion:In the setting of a high census US theme park, higher wet bulb and heat indices were strongly associated with increased patient presentation rates and patient transport rates.