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1
Gallo, Linda L., Yan Tian, Zaven Orfalian, and Gary Fiskum. "Amelioration of popolysaccharide-induced sepsis in rats by free and esterified carnitine." Mediators of Inflammation 2, no. 7 (1993): S51—S56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s0962935193000766.
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The purpose of this study was to determine if free or esterified carnitine could alter fatty acid metabolism and ameliorate sepsis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated rats. Throughout a 96 h observation post-LPS, i.p. administration of both markedly reduced illness and accelerated recovery. Carnitine prevented the acute LPS-induced rise in serum triglycerides (45 ± 6, 59 ± 5 vs. 83 ± 8 mg/ml, p < 0.001), respectively. This difference was accompanied by a significant increase in liver lipogenesis in LPS controls compared to both carnitines and normal rats (6.1 ± 0.3 vs. 3.9 ± 0.5, 4.3 ± 0.5, and 1.8 ± 0.4 μmol/h, respectively, p < 0.04). Compared to normal rats, total liver carnitine was significantly elevated in LPS controls and even higher in the carnitine groups (357 ± 40 vs. 736 ± 38, 796 ± 79, and 1081 ± 21 nmol/g). The data suggest that carnitines may be of therapeutic value in sepsis treatment and one action may be to partition fatty acids from esterification to oxidation.
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Bowmaker, Graham A., Effendy, John D. Kildea, Eban N. de Silva, and Allan H. White. "Lewis-Base Adducts of Group 11 Metal(I) Compounds. LXXI Synthesis, Spectroscopy and Structural Systematics of Some 1 : 2 Binuclear Adducts of Silver(I) Compounds with Triphenylarsine, [(Ph3As)2Ag(µ-X)2Ag(AsPh3)2], X = Cl, Br, I, SCN." Australian Journal of Chemistry 50, no. 6 (1997): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c96037.
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The syntheses and room-temperature single-crystal X-ray structural characterization of binuclear 1 : 2 adducts formed between silver(I) (pseudo-)halides, AgX, and triphenylarsine, AsPh3, for X = Cl, Br, I, SCN (1)–(4), are described. The chloride (1), obtained from 2-methylpyridine, is triclinic, P-1, a 10·410(2), b 12·716(2), c 14·196(6) Å, α 113·38(2), β 109·41(2), γ 75·08(1)°, Z = 1 (dimer); conventional R on F was 0·037 for No 3979 independent ‘observed’ (I > 3σ(I)) reflections. The bromide (2a), obtained from 2,6-dimethylpyridine, and iodide (3), obtained from a mixture of AgI/saturated KI in MeOH solutions, are isomorphous, monoclinic, P 21/c a≈ 24·2, b ≈ 13·9, c ≈ 20·2 Å, β ≈ 109·5°, Z = 4 dimers; R was 0·046 and 0·044 for No 5670 and 6039 respectively. The thiocyanate (4) has a similar cell, a 24·12(1), b 12·558(8), c 23·244(4) Å, β 110·11(3)°, Z = 4 dimers, R being 0·044 for No 7956; one of the thiocyanate ligands (which bridge in Ag-SCN-Ag mode) is disordered. A second polymorph of the bromide (2b) (from a mixture of AgBr/saturated KBr in H2O) is also monoclinic, P 21/c, a 14·121(8), b 25·577(3), c 21·968(2) Å, β 125·54(3)°, Z = 4 dimers (R was 0·047 for No 5715). Ag–As range between 2·568(1) and 2·633(1) Å throughout the series; in the isomorphous bromide and iodide, values increase slightly: 2·578(1)–2·611(1), cf. 2·601(2)-2·633(1) Å respectively. Ag–X are 2·568(2)-2·670(2) (Cl); 2·688(2)–2·715(2) (Br); 2·828(2)–2·856(1) Å (I); Ag-S, N for the ordered SCN group are 2·646(3), 2·255(6) Å. A redetermination of improved precision (R 0·035, No 6030) is reported for the triphenylphosphine/thiocyanate analogue. The far-infrared spectra of [(Ph3As)2Ag(µ-X)2Ag (AsPh3)2] show v(AgX) bands at 185, 145 (X = Cl), 145, 130, 106 (X = Br) and 121 cm-1 (X = I). The splittings and band widths reflect a decrease in the degree of distortion of the Ag(µ-X)2Ag units from a symmetrically bridged structure from X = Cl to I.
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Alexeeff, Stacey E., Kamala Deosaransingh, Stephen Van Den Eeden, Joel Schwartz, Noelle S. Liao, and Stephen Sidney. "Association of Long-term Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution With Cardiovascular Events in California." JAMA Network Open 6, no. 2 (February 24, 2023): e230561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.0561.
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ImportanceLong-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) is a known risk factor for cardiovascular events, but controversy remains as to whether the current National Ambient Air Quality Standard (12 μg/m3 for 1-year mean PM2.5) is sufficiently protective.ObjectiveTo evaluate the associations between long-term fine particulate air pollution and cardiovascular events using electronic health record and geocoded address data.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study included adults in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California integrated health care system during 2007 to 2016 and followed for up to 10 years. Study participants had no prior stroke or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and lived in Northern California for at least 1 year. Analyses were conducted January 2020 to December 2022.ExposureLong-term exposure to PM2.5. Individual-level time-varying 1-year mean PM2.5 exposures for every study participant were updated monthly from baseline through the end of follow-up, accounting for address changes.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIncident AMI, ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Cox proportional hazards models were fit with age as time scale, adjusted for sex, race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status, smoking, body mass index, baseline comorbidities, and baseline medication use. Associations below the current regulation limit were also examined.ResultsThe study cohort included 3.7 million adults (mean [SD] age: 41.1 [17.2] years; 1 992 058 [52.5%] female, 20 205 [0.5%] American Indian or Alaskan Native, 714 043 [18.8%] Asian, 287 980 [7.6%] Black, 696 796 [18.4%] Hispanic, 174 261 [4.6%] multiracial, 1 904 793 [50.2%] White). There was a 12% (95% CI, 7%-18%) increased risk of incident AMI, a 21% (95% CI, 13%-30%) increased risk of IHD mortality, and an 8% (95% CI, 3%-13%) increased risk of CVD mortality associated with a 10 μg/m3 increase in 1-year mean PM2.5. PM2.5 exposure at moderate concentrations (10.0 to 11.9 μg/m3) was associated with increased risks of incident AMI (6% [95% CI, 3%-10%]) and IHD mortality (7% [95% CI, 2%-12%]) compared with low concentrations (less than 8 μg/m3).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, long-term PM2.5 exposure at moderate concentrations was associated with increased risks of incident AMI, IHD mortality, and CVD mortality. This study’s findings add to the evidence that the current regulatory standard is not sufficiently protective.
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Lang, Jillian M., Brittany Rebits, Steven E. Newman, and Ned Tisserat. "Monitoring Mortality of Pythium Zoospores in Chlorinated Water Using Oxidation Reduction Potential." Plant Health Progress 9, no. 1 (January 2008): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2008-0922-01-rs.
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Pythium species are frequently recovered from recycled irrigation water in greenhouse production systems and may cause damping off and root rot if the water is not disinfested properly. Chlorination is often employed as a disinfesting agent, but can be difficult to monitor accurately because its activity is pH-dependent. Oxidation reduction potential (ORP) is a reliable, real-time measurement of the oxidizing potential of a chlorine solution. We exposed zoospores of Pythium aphanidermatum and P. dissotocum municipal water where the ORP was increased by adding 0.125, 0.5, and 2 mg/liter chlorine (pH 7.6 to 8.1) or to the same water source where the pH was lowered to 6.0 prior to the addition of chlorine, resulting in a final pH of 6 to 7.3. Some zoospores of P. aphanidermatum and P. dissotocum survived treatment to the highest chlorine concentration for 4 min in water where pH was not lowered. When the water pH was lowered to 6.0 prior to chlorine addition, 100% of the P. aphanidermatum zoospores were killed after 0.5 min exposure to 0.5 mg/liter chlorine, where ORP ranged from 748 to 790 mV and pH 6.3. Lowering the initial water pH improved disinfestation of P. dissotocum zoospores at the highest chlorine concentration tested and a mean ORP of 790 mV. Accepted for publication 7 July 2008. Published 22 September 2008.
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Ellis, M., A. J. Webb, P. J. Avery, and I. Brown. "The influence of terminal sire genotype, sex, slaughter weight, feeding regime and slaughter-house on growth performance and carcass and meat quality in pigs and on the organoleptic properties of fresh pork." Animal Science 62, no. 3 (June 1996): 521–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135772980001506x.
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AbstractA total of 897 pigs were used in a study to investigate the relative effects of terminal sire genotype (lines Av.Bv. C), sex (castrate v. gilt), slaughter weight (80 v. 100 v. 220 kg), feeding regimen (ad libitum v. restricted, 0·82 ad libitum intake) and slaughter-house (HI v. H2 v. H3) on growth performance, carcass and meat quality characteristics and the eating quality offresh pig meat. Sire line A was a pure Duroc population, and B and C were European-type experimental lines where C contained Pietrain and B did not. In total, 26 sires from line A, 42 sires from line B, and 21 sires from line C were mated to females from the same crossbred dam line and progeny were reared under standard conditions to slaughter. Following slaughter and carcass evaluation, samples of longissimus dorsi were investigated for a range of meat quality and organoleptic characteristics. Line A produced fatter carcasses (C fat depths = 15·6 v. 24·0 v. 14·0 mm for lines A, B, and C, respectively, average s.e. 0·39) with higher killing-out proportions (g/kg) (790 v. 779 v. 786 respectively, average s.e. 1·4) and higher visible marbling, less tissue separation, firmer backfat, and juicier (3·81 v. 3·67 v. 3·72 respectively, average s.e. 0·044: on a scale 1 (extremely dry) to 8 (extremely juicy)) and more acceptable meat (4·54 v. 4·37 v. 4·42 respectively average s.e. 0·037: on a scale 1 (dislike extremely) to 8 (like extremely)) with a lower shear force (5·35 v. 5·78 v. 5·67 kg respectively, average s.e. 0·078) than lines B and C which were similar in most respects. Increases in slaughter weight were associated with a reduction in growth rate (785 v. 769 v. 725 glday for 80, 100 and 120 kg slaughter weight respectively, average s.e. 8·5), increases in backfat (Cfat = 13·3 v. 24·2 v. 26·3 mm respectively, average s.e. 0·34) and longissimus muscle area (34·6 v. 40·7 v. 44·6 cm2 respectively, average s.e. 0·59) and a deterioration in tenderness (4·72 v. 4·40 v. 3·95 respectively, average s.e. 0·062: on a scale 1 (extremely tough) to 8 (extremely tender) and overall acceptability (4·65 v. 4·44 v. 4·25 respectively, average s.e. 0·045) and an increase in shear force (5·37 v. 5·58 v. 5·87 kg respectively, average s.e. 0·085). Slaughter-house had a significant impact on pork odour scores but not on other organoleptic properties. Pigs reared under ad libitum feeding grew faster (840 v. 678 g/day respectively, average s.e. 3·7), were fatter (Cfat = 15·8 v. 23·2 mm respectively, s.e. 0·28), had lower carcass yields (780 v. 790 g/kg respectively, average s.e. 1) and produced more tender, juicier meat than those reared under restricted feeding. Differences between castrated males and gilts in growth and carcass trait were in line with other studies and there were no significant differences between the sexes for eating quality. There were relatively few significant interactions (P < 0·05) for eating quality traits and most of these involved slaughter-house and were for pork odour intensity, which are of limited practical significance. This suggests that the effects of sire genotype, slaughter weight and feeding regimen on eating quality identified in this study are likely to be additive.
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Yaidee, Akawit, Chantana Punlek, and Somchai Maneewan. "Experiment study investigation compare temperature series circuit and the parallel circuit of thermoelectric and variable water, electrical of thermoelectric for heat exchanger." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i2.pp785-791.
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This paper presents the comparison temperature of thermoelectric <em>(</em>Tec1<em>-</em>12708<em>) </em>between the series circuit and parallel circuit by adjusting of water flow rate pump and electrical supplying to thermoelectric, The electrical voltage at 8,10 and 12 V,<em> </em>water flow rate in reservoir was 0<em>.</em>015 kg<em>/</em>s and 0<em>.</em>025 kg<em>/</em>s<em>. </em>Experiments perform were 6 hours<em>. </em>The result from the researches, thermoelectric with parallel circuit high temperature more than thermoelectric with series circuit<em>. </em>The parallel circuit of thermoelectric can work better than the series circuit in hot side<em>. </em>The different temperature hot side of parallel circuit with the electrical voltage at 8, 10 and 12 V water flow rate in reservoir was 0<em>.</em>015 kg<em>/</em>s temperature average is 22<em>.</em>44 <sup>o</sup>C, 22<em>.</em>90 <sup>o</sup>C, 29<em>.</em>86<em> </em><sup>o</sup>C, and water flow rate in reservoir was 0<em>.</em>025 kg<em>/</em>s temperature average is 20<em>.</em>67 <sup>o</sup>C, 26<em>.</em>66 <sup>o</sup>C, 27.69 <sup>o</sup>C<em>. </em>Thermoelectric with parallel circuit makes the higher temperature more than thermoelectric with series circuit about 33<em>%</em>, 37<em>%</em>, 44<em>% </em>water flow rate in reservoir was 0<em>.</em>015 kg<em>/</em>s and 30<em>%</em>, 40<em>%</em>, 41<em>% </em>water flow rate in reservoir was 0<em>.</em>025 kg<em>/</em>s.
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Ibrahim, Mustafa M., Marwa M. Attia, Hanadi B. Baghdadi, and Mohamed Abdelsalam. "First report of Kudoa species (Myxozoa, Multivalvulida) infection in purple-spotted Bigeye (Priacanthus tayenus) from the Saudi Arabian Gulf." PLOS ONE 19, no. 1 (January 10, 2024): e0295668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295668.
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The purple-spotted bigeye, Priacanthus tayenus, is a marine benthic fish native to the Indian and Pacific Oceans, including the Arabian Gulf in Saudi Arabia. This study identified a myxozoan parasite infecting wild P. tayenus from the Saudi Arabian Gulf. These parasites produced spherical to ovoid-shaped, white plasmodia enclosed within pseudocysts in the fish musculature. The annual infection rate was 5.1%, with the highest prevalence in summer (7.6%), followed by spring (6%), and autumn (2.5%), while no infections were observed in winter. The number of plasmodia per fish ranged from 100 to 150 (135.1 ± 16.2). Their dimensions were 4–4.7 mm (4.3 ± 0.3 mm) in length and 4.5–7 mm (6 ± 1.1 mm) in width. Milky-colored exudates within the plasmodia contained mature spores measuring 8–9 μm (8.6 ± 0.4 μm) x 6–7.5 μm (6.9 ± 0.5 μm). The polar capsules of the spores exhibited dimensions of 2–5 μm (3.5 ± 0.5 μm) x 2.5–4.5 μm (3 ± 0.45 μm). Both morphological and genetic analyses confirmed these plasmodia as a novel Kudoa species. Histopathological examination revealed atrophy in the surrounding muscles without an inflammatory response. This study documents the first occurrence of a novel Kudoa sp. in P. tayenus at the Jubail landing site in Saudi Arabia, emphasizing the need for further surveillance and investigations to elucidate its pathogenesis and implications for wild fish stocks.
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Inglis, Matthew. "Review of APOS Theory: A Framework for Research and Curriculum Development in Mathematics Education, Arnon et al. (2014). New York, NY, USA: Springer-Verlag New York. eBook ISBN: 978-1-4614-7966-6, Hardcover ISBN: 978-1-4614-7965-9." International Journal of Research in Undergraduate Mathematics Education 1, no. 3 (October 2015): 413–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40753-015-0015-9.
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Murakami, Takashi, and Kunio Matsuzaki. "Friction and Wear Properties of Fe7Mo6-Based Alloy under Various Sliding Conditions." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 1083–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.1083.
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In this study, the friction and wear properties of the Fe7Mo6-based alloy/Al2O3 tribopair were investigated at high temperatures in air and at 298 K in water. The Fe7Mo6-based alloy/Al2O3 tribopair exhibited friction coefficients as low as 0.5 at 298 K and 873 K in air. On the other hand, this tribopair exhibited higher friction coefficients at 573 K than at 298 K and 873 K. It was also found that the friction coefficients of this tribopair were approximately 0.5 in water. The Fe7Mo6-based alloy disk specimens and their paired Al2O3 ball specimens exhibited the highest specific wear rates at 873 K in air. Oxygen-rich phase was observed on the worn surfaces of all the disk specimens. Concerning the friction and wear tests at high temperatures in air, the amount of the oxygen-rich phase increased with increasing the testing temperature. In addition, a little larger amount of the oxygen-rich phase was observed on the worn surface formed at 298 K in water than that formed at 298 K in air.
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Bowmaker, Graham A., Peter C. Junk, Aaron M. Lee, Brian W. Skelton, and Allan H. White. "Synthetic, Structural and Vibrational Spectroscopic Studies in Bismuth(III) Halide/N,N′-Aromatic Bidentate Base Systems. I Large-Cation (2,2′-Bipyridinium and 1,10-Phenan- throlinium) Salts of Polyhalobismuthate(III) Ions." Australian Journal of Chemistry 51, no. 4 (1998): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c97036.
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Syntheses and room-temperature single-crystal X-ray studies are recorded for a variety of salts of cations derived from protonated 2,2′-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline (bpyH+ and phenH+) with polyhalobismuthate(III) anions. ‘[(phenH)(phenH2)(H2O)2] [BiCl6]’ is triclinic, P-1, a 9·791(1), b 9·338(3), c 8·311(3) Å, α 73·46(3), β 69·71(2), γ 86·36(2)°, Z = 1; conventional R on |F| was 0·027 for No 4852 independent ‘observed’ (I > 3σ(I)) reflections. [BiCl6]3- is closely octahedral, accompanied by an interesting protonation/hydrogen-bonding array among the other moieties. The latter comment applies also to ‘[(phenH2)(H2O)][BiCl5](∞|∞)’, monoclinic, P2/c, a 8·388(1), b 12·004(1), c 17·146(3) Å, β 98·26(1)°, Z = 4, R 0·047 for No 2670, the anion array being a one-dimensional polymer with bridging chlorine atoms occupying cis sites in the pseudo-octahedral coordination sphere of the bismuth. [bpyH2]4 [Bi4Cl20] is monoclinic, P21/c, a 14·228(4), b 14·217(2), c 16·254(4) Å, β 110·14(2)°, Z = 2, R 0·045 for No 2777; in the novel centrosymmetric tetramer, the four bismuth atoms are bridged into a square array by four linearly coordinated halogen atoms at the centres of the edges, a pair of these lying cis in the pseudo-octahedral coordination sphere of each bismuth. [bpyH]3 [Bi2Cl9] is triclinic, P-1 a 19·288(7), b 14·251(3), c 7·644(3) Å, α 75·02(2), β 80·15(3), γ 72·76(2)°, Z = 2, R 0·072 for No 3600, the two pseudo-octahedrally coordinated bismuth atoms being bridged by three chlorine atoms on a mutual octahedral face, [Cl3Bi(µ-Cl)3BiCl3]3-. [phenH] [BiCl4](∞|∞),H2O is triclinic, space group P-1, a 12·119(7), b 10·169(6), c 7·247(4) Å, α 69·30(4), β 75·05(4), γ 77·92(5)°, Z = 2, R 0·035 for No 2348. The anion is a one-dimensional polymer, successive metal atoms being bridged by pairs of chlorine atoms lying cis in the pseudo-octahedral coordination sphere. [bpyH]4 [Bi2I10] is monoclinic, P21/n, a 13·426(4), b 14·396(6), c 14·539(5) Å, β 101·31(3)°, Z = 2, R 0·11 for No 1862; the anion is of the form [I4Bi(µ-I)2BiI4]4- with quasi-octahedral bismuth. [bpyH] [BiI4](∞|∞) is monoclinic, C2/c, a 12·442(5), b 18·41(2), c 7·714(2) Å, β 92·80(3)°, Z = 4, R 0·080 for No 850, with a polymeric one-dimensional anion comparable to that in [phenH] [BiCl4](∞|∞),H2O. The structure of the 2,6-dimethylpyridinium salt of [BiCl6]3- is also recorded, as its acetonitrile solvate; triclinic, P-1, a 15·025(2), b 10·357(3), c 9·964(1) Å, α 83·14(2), β 89·32(1), γ 86·61(2)°, Z = 2, R 0·046 for No 3601; there is also an isomorphous bromide, and also an isostoichiometric bromide modelled as monoclinic, Cm, a 18·128(6), b 10·348(2), c 10·241(2) Å, β 121·31(3)°, Z = 2, R 0·050 for No 1379. Bands in the far-infrared and Raman spectra due to the v(BiCl) modes are assigned in [(phenH)(phenH2)(H2O)2] [BiCl6] and [bpyH2]4 [Bi4Cl20], and are discussed in relation to the structures of the complexes.
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Zhang, Yuankai, Chathurangi H. Pathiravasan, Michael M. Hammond, Hongshan Liu, Honghuang Lin, Mayank Sardana, Ludovic Trinquart, et al. "Comparison of Daily Routines Between Middle-aged and Older Participants With and Those Without Diabetes in the Electronic Framingham Heart Study: Cohort Study." JMIR Diabetes 7, no. 1 (January 7, 2022): e29107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/29107.
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Background Daily routines (eg, physical activity and sleep patterns) are important for diabetes self-management. Traditional research methods are not optimal for documenting long-term daily routine patterns in participants with glycemic conditions. Mobile health offers an effective approach for collecting users’ long-term daily activities and analyzing their daily routine patterns in relation to diabetes status. Objective This study aims to understand how routines function in diabetes self-management. We evaluate the associations of daily routine variables derived from a smartwatch with diabetes status in the electronic Framingham Heart Study (eFHS). Methods The eFHS enrolled the Framingham Heart Study participants at health examination 3 between 2016 and 2019. At baseline, diabetes was defined as fasting blood glucose level ≥126 mg/dL or as a self-report of taking a glucose-lowering medication; prediabetes was defined as fasting blood glucose level of 100-125 mg/dL. Using smartwatch data, we calculated the average daily step counts and estimated the wake-up times and bedtimes for the eFHS participants on a given day. We compared the average daily step counts and the intraindividual variability of the wake-up times and bedtimes of the participants with diabetes and prediabetes with those of the referents who were neither diabetic nor prediabetic, adjusting for age, sex, and race or ethnicity. Results We included 796 participants (494/796, 62.1% women; mean age 52.8, SD 8.7 years) who wore a smartwatch for at least 10 hours/day and remained in the study for at least 30 days after enrollment. On average, participants with diabetes (41/796, 5.2%) took 1611 fewer daily steps (95% CI 863-2360; P<.001) and had 12 more minutes (95% CI 6-18; P<.001) in the variation of their estimated wake-up times, 6 more minutes (95% CI 2-9; P=.005) in the variation of their estimated bedtimes compared with the referents (546/796, 68.6%) without diabetes or prediabetes. Participants with prediabetes (209/796, 26.2%) also walked fewer daily steps (P=.04) and had a larger variation in their estimated wake-up times (P=.04) compared with the referents. Conclusions On average, participants with diabetes at baseline walked significantly fewer daily steps and had larger variations in their wake-up times and bedtimes than the referent group. These findings suggest that modifying the routines of participants with poor glycemic health may be an important approach to the self-management of diabetes. Future studies should be designed to improve the remote monitoring and self-management of diabetes.
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Daniels, R. "Encyclopedic handbook of emulsion technology, Johan Sjöglom (Editor), Marcel Dekker, New York; 2001, 736 pp.; $188.50; ISBN: 0-8247- 0454-1." European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 55, no. 3 (May 2003): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0939-6411(03)00031-6.
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Nguyen, Charles C., Sami C. Antrazi, Zhen-Lei Zhou, and Charles E. Campbell. "Analysis and implementation of a 6 DOF Stewart Platform-based robotic wrist." Computers & Electrical Engineering 17, no. 3 (January 1991): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7906(91)90035-x.
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Chevillard, J. P., J. Y. Mandin, C. Camy-Peyret, and J. M. Flaud. "The first hexad {(040), (120), (021), (200), (101), (002)} of H218O: experimental energy levels and line intensities." Canadian Journal of Physics 64, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): 746–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p86-136.
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The spectrum of 18O-enriched water vapor has been recorded between 5900 and 8000 cm−1, with the aid of a Fourier-transform spectrometer. Its analysis allowed the determination of 437 accurate rotational levels belonging to the hexad of interacting states {(040), (120), (021), (200), (101), (002)}of H218O. Among these vibrational states, the (040), (120), and (002) ones had never been observed before. Moreover, 726 line intensities belonging to the 4ν2, ν1 + 2ν2, 2ν2 + ν3, 2ν1, ν1 + ν3, and 2ν3 bands have been measured with an uncertainty of 6%.
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Guerova, G., J. M. Bettems, E. Brockmann, and Ch Matzler. "Assimilation of COST 716 Near-Real Time GPS data in the nonhydrostatic limited area model used at MeteoSwiss." Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 91, no. 1-4 (June 30, 2005): 149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00703-005-0110-6.
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Ortner, Teresa S., Daniel Schildhammer, Martina Tribus, Bastian Joachim, and Hubert Huppertz. "Synthesis and characterization of the alkali borate-nitrates Na3–x Kx[B6O10]NO3 (x=0.5, 0.6, 0.7)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 72, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2016-0242.
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AbstractThree novel mixed alkali borate-nitrates Na3−xKx[B6O10]NO3(x=0.5, 0.6, 0.7) were synthesized hydrothermally; their crystal structures were determined through Rietveld analyses, and supported through EDX as well as vibrational spectroscopy. The phases represent solid solutions of the alkali borate-nitrate Na3(NO3)[B6O10], which was reported in 2002 as a “New type of boron-oxygen framework in the Na3(NO3)[B6O10] crystal structure” (O. V. Yakubovich, I. V. Perevoznikova, O. V. Dimitrova, V. S. Urusov,Dokl. Phys.2002,47, 791). Only two of the three crystallographically independent Na+positions in the new structures are partially substituted by K+; a pure potassium borate-nitrate was not formed until now. The cell parameters of the novel phases vary froma=1261.72(5)–1267.12(5),b=1004.19(5)–1007.96(4),c=770.55(3)–774.38(3) pm, andV=0.97630(6)–0.98905(6) nm3in the orthorhombic space groupPnma(no. 62), in alignment with increasing K+content.
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Nisar, Saira, John W. Keyloun, Melissa M. McLawhorn, Lauren T. Moffatt, Taryn E. Travis, Jeffrey W. Shupp, and Laura S. Johnson. "791 Institutional Experience Using a Treatment Algorithm for Electrical Injury." Journal of Burn Care & Research 41, Supplement_1 (March 2020): S231—S232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa024.368.
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Abstract Introduction Electrical injury has a low incidence, however is often associated with significant morbidity and mortality. There is some variability in the initial diagnosis and management of patients injured by electricity among institutions. This is particularly evident when non-burn specialists are managing care. This may result in unnecessary testing, monitoring, or admissions. The goal of this study was to examine the effectiveness of an electrical injury treatment algorithm (Figure), aimed to identify patients at risk for complications and reduce unnecessary investigations. Methods After IRB approval, demographics, laboratory tests, length of stay, telemetry monitoring, and disposition were collected for patients arriving to a regional burn center with the diagnosis of electrical injury from December 2012 to September 2018. Patients with arc injury were treated based on thermal injury algorithm and thus were excluded. Results were compared for patients who were admitted with electrical injury before and after implementation of the algorithm in July 2015. Results Fifty-eight patients were included in the pre-algorithm cohort and 38 in the post-algorithm cohort. Mean age in both groups was 36±12. There were no significant differences between groups in age, cutaneous burn area or gender. Incidence of creatine kinase, troponin, and urinary myoglobin testing in pre-algorithm cohort was significantly higher compared to post-algorithm cohort (81% vs. 47%, p< 0.05, 77% vs. 34%, p< 0.05 and 79% vs. 45%, p< 0.05 respectively). There was a trend towards higher number of days on telemetry prior to the protocol implementation but this was not found to be significant (3.6±6 vs. 1.1±0.3, p=0.054). One patient in each cohort had a pre-hospital cardiac arrest and attended the hospital with ACLS in progress and was subsequently pronounced dead. There were no significant differences in length of stay (6±11 vs. 3±3.6, p=0.11) or intensive care unit admission (33% vs. 27%, p=0.5). Conclusions An electrical injury treatment algorithm provides a way to triage patients appropriately for admission to the hospital and reducing the number of laboratory tests. Continued data collection and targeted quality improvement will guide further protocolization for the management of these patients. This will ultimately reduce unnecessary admissions to the hospital and the amount of clinical testing without affecting outcomes. Applicability of Research to Practice Electrical injury treatment algorithm provides a way to triage patients appropriately for admission to the burn center and reduces unnecessary investigation.
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Maroulis, George. "Linear and Non-linear Polarizabilities for P2(X1Σg+)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 52, no. 6-7 (July 1, 1997): 564–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1997-6-716.
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Abstract Electric polarizabilities and hyperpolarizabilities were calculated from accurate self-consistent field wavefunctions for P2. The following values are reported, using the experimental bond length of 1.8934 Å: dipole polarizability αzz = 69.83 and αxx = 41.20 e2 a02 Eh-1 , second dipole hyperpolarizability γzzzz = 17 040, γxxxx= 11 581 and γxxzz = 4724 e4a04Eh-3, quadrupole polarizability, Czz „zz = 276.14, Cxz,xz = 232.64 and Cxx,xx = 151.25 e2 a04Eh-1 , dipole-octopole polarizability, Ez,zzz, = 331.00 and Ex,xxx = -154.66 e2 a04Eh-1 and for the dipole-dipole-quadrupole hyperpolarizability, Bzz,zz = - 2441, Bxz,xz = - 1442, Bxx,zz = 866 and Bxx,xx = - 1411 e3a04Eh-2.
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Downing, Katherine L., Jo Salmon, Anna Timperio, Trina Hinkley, Dylan P. Cliff, Anthony D. Okely, and Kylie D. Hesketh. "Sitting and Screen Time Outside School Hours: Correlates in 6- to 8-Year-Old Children." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 16, no. 9 (September 1, 2019): 752–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2018-0495.
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Background: Although there is increasing evidence regarding children’s screen time, little is known about children’s sitting. This study aimed to determine the correlates of screen time and sitting in 6- to 8-year-old children. Methods: In 2011–2012, parents in the Healthy Active Preschool and Primary Years (HAPPY) study (n = 498) reported their child’s week/weekend day recreational screen time and potential correlates. ActivPALs™ measured children’s nonschool sitting. In model 1, linear regression analyses were performed, stratified by sex and week/weekend day and controlling for age, clustered recruitment, and activPAL™ wear time (for sitting analyses). Correlates significantly associated with screen time or sitting (P < .05) were included in model 2. Results: Children (age 7.6 y) spent 99.6 and 119.3 minutes per day on week and weekend days engaging in screen time and sat for 119.3 and 374.6 minutes per day on week and weekend days, respectively. There were no common correlates for the 2 behaviors. Correlates largely differed by sex and week/weekend day. Modifiable correlates of screen time included television in the child’s bedroom and parental logistic support for, encouragement of, and coparticipation in screen time. Modifiable correlates of sitting included encouragement of and coparticipation in physical activity and provision of toys/equipment for physical activity. Conclusions: Interventions may benefit from including a range of strategies to ensure that all identified correlates are targeted.
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Almaktoom, Abdulaziz T., Krishna K. Krishnan, Pingfeng Wang, and Samir Alsobhi. "Cost efficient robust global supply chain system design under uncertainty." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 85, no. 1-4 (October 27, 2015): 853–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-7965-6.
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Chessa, Innocenza, and Giovanni Nieddu. "Analysis of diversity in the fruit tree genetic resources from a Mediterranean island." Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 52, no. 3 (May 2005): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10722-005-7906-6.
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Kim, Geon Ha, Sang Won Seo, Kihyo Jung, Oh-Hun Kwon, Hunki Kwon, Jong Hun Kim, Jee Hoon Roh, et al. "The neural correlates of motor intentional disorders in patients with subcortical vascular cognitive impairment." Journal of Neurology 263, no. 1 (October 29, 2015): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-015-7946-6.
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Van Ombergen, Angelique, Vincent Van Rompaey, Leen K. Maes, Paul H. Van de Heyning, and Floris L. Wuyts. "Mal de debarquement syndrome: a systematic review." Journal of Neurology 263, no. 5 (November 11, 2015): 843–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-015-7962-6.
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Ferraro, Paul J., Toshihiro Uchida, and Jon M. Conrad. "Price Premiums for Eco-friendly Commodities: Are ‘Green’ Markets the Best Way to Protect Endangered Ecosystems?" Environmental & Resource Economics 32, no. 3 (November 2005): 419–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-005-7962-6.
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Sun, Jian-Zhong, Han-Qiao Feng, Guang-Xin Lin, Wangyong Zeng, and Jin-Shan Hu. "NMR Assignments of the Winged-Helix Domain of Human Werner Syndrome Protein." Journal of Biomolecular NMR 32, no. 3 (July 2005): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10858-005-7960-6.
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Herrmann, Antje, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, and Friedhelm Taube. "Nitrogen Fluxes in Silage Maize Production: Relationship between Nitrogen Content at Silage Maturity and Nitrate Concentration in Soil Leachate." Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 73, no. 1 (September 2005): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10705-005-7961-6.
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Cahen, P. M., J. C. Turlot, R. M. Frank, and A. M. Obry-Musset. "National Survey of Caries Prevalence in 6-15-year-old Children in France." Journal of Dental Research 68, no. 1 (January 1989): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345890680011001.
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The prevalence of dental caries in France is not known on a nationwide basis, despite the fact that a number of epidemiological studies have been conducted in various parts of the country. The aim of the present study was to provide a national baseline examination of the dental health of children in 1987 since, beginning in November, 1986, the sale of fluoridated salt began in France. A multi-stage probability sample of 19,366 children was selected as representative of the 6-to-15-year-old population. The sample covered all the 95 departments of France. Teams of well-calibrated examiners were constituted in each of the sixteen Faculties of Dental Surgery of France. The prevalence of caries for each age group was determined by means of DMFT, DMFS, dft, and dfs indices. Periodontal conditions were assessed by means of the Plaque Index (Silness and Löe, 1964), the Calculus Index (Marthaler, 1966), and the Gingival Index (Löe and Silness, 1963). Calculation of the mean DMFT index showed, respectively, 0.5 and 1.0 new carious teeth per year under and over the age of 11. The mean values of the DMFT index at ages 6, 12, and 15 were, respectively, 0.5, 4.2, and 6.9. Under the age of 11, the mean DMFS index increased by one between each successive age group and by nearly two over the age of 11. The mean values of the DMFS index at ages 6, 12, and 15 were, respectively, 0.8, 7.6, and 13.0. The percentage of caries-free children decreased from 32.2% at age 6 to 7.9% at age 15.
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Brimble, Margaret A., Andrew Johnston, Trevor W. Hambley, and Peter Turner. "Crystal Structures of (3S*,4S*,5S*,6S*)-3,4-Epoxy- 1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-5-ol, (3R*,5S*,6S*)-1,7- Dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-diyl Diacetate and (4S*,5S*,6S*)-1,7-Dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane-4,5-diol." Australian Journal of Chemistry 50, no. 2 (1997): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c96186.
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The structures of (3S*,4S*,5S*,6S*)-3,4-epoxy-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-5-ol (2), (3R*,5S*,6S*)-1,7- dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-diyl diacetate (4) and (4S*,5S*,6S*)-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane-4,5-diol (5) have been determined by X-ray crystallography. The unsubstituted tetrahydropyran ring in (2) adopts an axial position with respect to the epoxy-substituted ring and the hydroxy group at C5 is syn to the epoxide group. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding is observed between the C5 hydroxy group and O1. The two six-membered rings in (4) adopt chair conformations and the two acetate groups adopt 1,3-diaxial positions. The C5 hydroxy group in (5) assumes an axial position anti to the C-O bond of the neighbouring ring whilst 4-OH occupies an equatorial position. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding is also observed between 4-OH and 5-OH. Compound (2), C9H14O4, M 186·21, crystallized in the monoclinic space group P 21/c with a 7·867(1), b 12·2060(9), c 9·3676(8) Å, b 102·744(8), V 877·4(1) Å 3 and No 1163 [I > 2·5s (I)], R 0·031, Rw 0·035. Compound (4), C13H20O6, M 272·30, crystallized in the triclinic space group P 1 with a 9·902(1), b 11·0024(9), c 6·9183(5)Å, a 104·078(8), b 96·769(9), g 101·980(8), V 703·8(1) Å 3 , No 1657 [I > 2·5s(I)], R 0·047, Rw 0·044. Compound (5), C9H16O4, M 188·22, crystallized in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with a 25·504(3), b 8·909(2), c 8·038(2) Å, V 1826·4(5) QA 3 , No 1096 [I > 2·5s(I)], R 0·030, Rw 0·030.
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Ogura, M., K. Minamisono, T. Sumikama, T. Nagatomo, T. Iwakoshi, T. Miyake, S. Kudo, et al. "Development of a Nuclear Spin Dewar: Hyperfine Interactions of the Short-Lived Emitter 12B in TiO2." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 57, no. 6-7 (July 1, 2002): 599–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2002-6-756.
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The β-NMR detection of 12B ( Iπ= 1+, T1/2 = 20.2 msec) implanted in a TiO2 (rutile) single crystal following a nuclear reaction showed that its spin polarization produced in the reaction is totally maintained during its lifetime. Two implantation sites with relative populations 9:1 were identified. The electric field gradients (EFGs) were determined to be q = +(37.1 0.5) 1015 V/cm2 with η< 0.03 and q = +(185 5) 1015 V/cm2 with η= 0.62 0.02 for the major (90%) and minor (10%) sites, respectively. The EFGs were compared with the theoretical values given by the band-structure calculation in the framework of the KKR method. TiO2 crystals with proper treatment can be a good “Spin Dewar” in which any short-lived nuclei can be implanted, and their spin polarizations as produced in nuclear reactions can be maintained during their lifetime
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Heller, P. R., and R. Walker. "Management of Scarab White Grubs with Formulations of RH-0345, Imidacloprid, and Trichlorfon on a Low Maintenance Turfgrass Area, 1996." Arthropod Management Tests 22, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 380–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/22.1.380a.
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Abstract The turfgrass area consisted primarily of fine fescue (80%) and weeds (20%) in Lewistown, Pa. Treatment plots were 8 X 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 726 ml of water/48 ft2 or delivering 4 gal/1000 ft2. At treatment time (28 Aug) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 70°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 76°F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 74°F; RH, 94.0%; amount of thatch, 0.125 inches; soil textural class, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: % sand, 25.2; % silt, 59.7; % clay, 15.1; organic matter, 3.8%; 26.2% soil moisture (oven dry weight); water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 5.8; application time, mid-morning; and skies overcast. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.20 inch of water. Post-treatment counts were made on 1 Oct. Three ft2 sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate, and the total number of scarab white grubs/ft2 was recorded.
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Chen, Jiebo, Cong Wang, Caiqi Xu, Jiayu Qiu, Junjie Xu, Tsung-Yuan Tsai, and Jinzhong Zhao. "Effects of Anterolateral Structure Augmentation on the In Vivo Kinematics of Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Reconstructed Knees." American Journal of Sports Medicine 49, no. 3 (January 19, 2021): 656–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546520981743.
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Background: Double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) is a well-known treatment that restores the stability of ACL-deficient knees. However, some isolated ACL-reconstructed knees ultimately show rotatory laxity and develop osteoarthritis. Whether combined ACLR with anterolateral structure (ALS) augmentation (ALSA) can provide better improvement in the in vivo knee rotational kinematics remains unknown. Hypothesis: When compared with isolated double-bundle ACLR, combined double-bundle ACLR with ALSA can improve knee in vivo rotational kinematics and provide better restoration of knee kinematics. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Sixteen patients with unilateral ACL injury were randomly divided into 2 groups to receive either combined double-bundle ACLR and ALSA (ALSA group) or isolated double-bundle ACLR (ACLR group). All patients performed a single-leg lunge using the operative and nonoperative/contralateral legs under dual-fluoroscopic imaging system surveillance during a hospital visit at a minimum 1 year (12-13 months) of follow-up to assess the 6 degrees of freedom knee kinematics. Functional evaluation using the Lysholm and Marx rating scales and clinical examinations were also performed. Results: From full extension to approximately 90° of knee flexion at 5° intervals, the mean ± SD internal rotation of the reconstructed knees in the ALSA group (1.5°± 0.9°) was significantly smaller than that of the contralateral knees (8.2°± 1.9°; P = .008). The ALSA group knees also showed significantly ( P = .045) more medial translation than the contralateral knees. In the ACLR group, the mean internal rotation of the reconstructed knee (6.0°± 2.1°) was significantly smaller than that of the contralateral knees (8.9°± 0.6°; P < .001). At full extension, the tibia was significantly more externally rotated than that of the contralateral legs (0.5°± 7.4° vs 7.6°± 3.4°, P = .049). Conclusion: When compared with isolated double-bundle ACLR, double-bundle ACLR augmented with ALS reconstruction resulted in anterolateral rotatory overconstraint during the lunge motion. Clinical Relevance: Additional ALSA of double-bundle ACL-reconstructed knees overconstrained rotatory stability. Therefore, the use of ALSA for ACL-reconstructed knees should be considered with caution for patients with ACL deficiency and anterolateral rotatory instability. Longer-term follow-up to evaluate long-term outcomes and altered kinematics over time is recommended.
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Chládek, Gustav, and Josef Kučera. "Relationships among some type traits in Czech Pied Cattle." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 54, no. 2 (2006): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200654020053.
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A dataset of 27 787 first-lactation cows with a minimum of 51% of Czech Pied cattle in genotype (CA) was analysed with the aim to evaluate relationships among type traits and characteristics. The dataset included a sub-population of 5 796 pure-bred Czech Pied cows (CP). Linear type traits and general type characteristics were evaluated. The following 17 linear type traits were scored (on the scale of 1–9): stature (LP 1), rump muscularity (LP 2), rump length (LP 3), rump width (LP 4), rump angle (LP 5), body depth (LP 6), rear legs set (LP 7), hock (LP 8), foot angle (LP 9), hoof (LP 10), udder length – fore quarters (LP 11), rear udder height (LP 12), central ligament (LP 13), udder depth (LP 14), teat placement (LP 15), teat length (LP 16) and teat thickness (LP 17). The four general type characteristics (the score 50-100) were as follows: frame (E 1), muscularity (E 2), legs/feet (E 3) and mammary (E 4).The highest coefficients of correlation among linear type traits (r>0.5) in CA and CP, respectively, were found between LP 3 and LP 4 (0.720 and 0.725, respectively), LP 1 and LP 3 (0.510 and 0.516, respectively), LP 1 and LP 6 (0.526 and 0.535, respectively) and LP 4 and LP 6 (0.503 and 0.492, respectively). The highest coefficients of correlation (r>0.5) between linear type traits and general type characteristics were found in CA and CP, respectively, between E 2 and LP 1 (0.958 and 0.956, respectively), E 1 and LP 1 (0.835 and 0.833, respectively), E 1 and LP 6 (0.753 and. 0.756, respectively), E 1 and LP 3 (0.750 and 0.758, respectively), E 1 and LP 4 (0.744 and 0.755, respectively), E 4 and LP 11 (0.720 and 0.713, respectively) and E 4 and LP 12 (0.716 and 0.744, respectively). No coefficient of correlation between general type characteristics was greater than 0.5. No significant differences were found (maximum difference 0.147) between the coefficients of correlation in the whole population (CA) and in the pure-bred sub-population (CP).
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Raturi, R., S. C. Sati, P. P. Badoni, H. Singh, and M. D. Sati. "Chemical Constituents of Prunus persica Stem Bark." Journal of Scientific Research 4, no. 3 (August 29, 2012): 769–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i3.7725.
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Chemical examination of methanolic extract of Prunus persica, stem bark, led to isolation of Flavon 3', 4', dihydroxy 6 methoxy 7-O-? -L-rhamnopyranoside (1), Prunetin-5-O-?-D-glucopyranoside (2), with previously known compounds ?-Sitosterol and Querceitin. Compounds 1 and 2 were isolated for the first time from this plant. The structure of compounds were elucidated with the help of chemical and spectral studies.© 2012 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i3.7725 J. Sci. Res. 4 (3), 769-774 (2012)
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Milioni, Fabio, Elvis de Souza Malta, Leandro George Spinola do Amaral Rocha, Camila Angélica Asahi Mesquita, Ellen Cristini de Freitas, and Alessandro Moura Zagatto. "Acute administration of high doses of taurine does not substantially improve high-intensity running performance and the effect on maximal accumulated oxygen deficit is unclear." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 41, no. 5 (May 2016): 498–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0435.
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The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of acute administration of taurine overload on time to exhaustion (TTE) of high-intensity running performance and alternative maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAODALT). The study design was a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Seventeen healthy male volunteers (age: 25 ± 6 years; maximal oxygen uptake: 50.5 ± 7.6 mL·kg−1·min−1) performed an incremental treadmill-running test until voluntary exhaustion to determine maximal oxygen uptake and exercise intensity at maximal oxygen uptake. Subsequently, participants completed randomly 2 bouts of supramaximal treadmill-running at 110% exercise intensity at maximal oxygen uptake until exhaustion (placebo (6 g dextrose) or taurine (6 g) supplementation), separated by 1 week. MAODALT was determined using a single supramaximal effort by summating the contribution of the phosphagen and glycolytic pathways. When comparing the results of the supramaximal trials (i.e., placebo and taurine conditions) no differences were observed for high-intensity running TTE (237.70 ± 66.00 and 277.30 ± 40.64 s; p = 0.44) and MAODALT (55.77 ± 8.22 and 55.06 ± 7.89 mL·kg−1; p = 0.61), which seem to indicate trivial and unclear differences using the magnitude-based inferences approach, respectively. In conclusion, acute 6 g taurine supplementation before exercise did not substantially improve high-intensity running performance and showed an unclear effect on MAODALT.
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Mistchenko, A. S., K. H. Huberman, J. A. Gomez, and S. Grinstein. "Epidemiology of enteric adenovirus infection in prospectively monitored Argentine families." Epidemiology and Infection 109, no. 3 (December 1992): 539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800050524.
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SUMMARYTo examine the role of enteric adenoviruses (EAV) in an urban area of Buenos Aires (Argentina), we prospectively studied faecal samples from 49 families of newborns. These were monitored weekly for diarrhoea for 2 years.A total of 180 samples from cases of diarrhoea and 766 samples obtained during diarrhoea-free periods were studied by dot-blot hybridization with an EAV-specific DNA probe. EAV were found in 6/180 (3·3%) cases of diarrhoea and 6/766 (0·8%) asymptomatic samples (P < 0·015). Incidence of EAV was 3·9 cases per 100 person-years in children < 60 months old. EAV-related diarrhoeas were slight and of short duration. In addition, 129 faeces from hospital out-patients, 1–30 months old, were also studied. EAV was identified in 7/129 cases (5·4%). These cases were 9·5 ±3·5 months old and the diarrhoea was mild or severe, of 3±1·5 days of duration.We suggest that EAV are low-risk causes of diarrhoea under natural conditions, although a few children may develop more severe diarrhoea. The diagnosis of EAV needs to be considered in these patients.
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Castañeda-Babarro, Arkaitz, Borja Gutiérrez Santamaría, Aitor Coca, Julio Calleja-González, and Ruth Cayero. "Assessment of Tug of War pullers competition intensity and physiological response at the 2019 European Championship." Retos 44 (November 18, 2021): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v44i0.90398.
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Tug of war (TOW) involves 2 teams of eight people, pulling against each other on a rope. The main goal of TOW is to pull the opposing team towards a centre line over a distance of 4 m. The measurement of physiological parameters is key to understanding the demands of an activity and to identifying its limiting performance factors. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the intensity and effort demands of TOW pullers during competition, as follows: Data were collected from 7 male pullers (Height: 175.14±4.85; Body Mass: 77.39±3.92; Age: 39.86±11.68; %Fat: 17.56±5.21; VO2max: 44.24±8.38) in the 560 kg category. The blood lactate concentrations (LAC) were assessed before and at the end of each pull, and the global rating of perceived exertion (RPE) at the end of the pulls. The following week, pullers performed a graded exercise test (GXT). Heart rate, LAC and RPE were assessed before, during and at the end of the GXT to calculate the individual anaerobic threshold. The mean blood lactate concentrations recorded at the end of the pulls (6±1.9 mmol/l) were 32% higher than the mean values recorded for the individual anaerobic threshold intensity (4.1±0.5 mmol/l). For their part, the mean RPE values of athletes after the pulls (6±1.5 mmol/l) were 21% lower than those obtained for intensity of the individual anaerobic threshold (7.6±0.8 mmol/l). The intensity and effort response are greater and kept above the anaerobic threshold during the competition in TOW pullers.
Resumen. Tug of war (TOW) involucra a 2 equipos de ocho personas, tirando una contra la otra con una cuerda. El objetivo principal es llevar al equipo contrario hacia una línea central a una distancia de 4 m. La medición de parámetros fisiológicos es clave para comprender las demandas de una actividad y para identificar sus factores limitantes de rendimiento. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue evaluar la intensidad y las demandas de esfuerzo de los tiradores de TOW durante la competición. 7 tiradores masculinos (altura: 175,14 ± 4,85; masa corporal: 77,39 ± 3,92; edad: 39,86 ± 11,68; % de grasa: 17,56 ± 5,21; VO2max: 44,24 ± 8,38) en la categoría de 560 kg. Se evaluaron concentraciones de lactato (LAC) antes y después de cada tirada, y el esfuerzo percibido (RPE) al final. La siguiente semana, los tiradores realizaron una prueba de esfuerzo (GXT). La FC, LAC y RPE se evaluaron antes, durante y después del GXT para calcular el umbral anaeróbico individual. Las concentraciones de LAC registradas medios registrados para la intensidad del umbral anaeróbico individual (VT2) (4,1 ± 0,5 mmol/l). Los valores medios de RPE de los deportistas en competición (6 ± 1,5 mmol/l) fueron un 21% inferiores a los obtenidos para la intensidad del VT2 (7,6 ± 0,8 mmol/l). La intensidad y la respuesta al esfuerzo son mayores y se mantienen por encima del VT2 durante la competición en tiradores TOW al final de los tirones (6 ± 1,9 mmol/l) fueron un 32% más altas que los valores.
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Gubler, S., S. Endrizzi, S. Gruber, and R. S. Purves. "Sensitivities and uncertainties of modeled ground temperatures in mountain environments." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 6, no. 1 (February 6, 2013): 791–840. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-6-791-2013.
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Abstract. Before operational use or for decision making, models must be validated, and the degree of trust in model outputs should be quantified. Often, model validation is performed at single locations due to the lack of spatially-distributed data. Since the analysis of parametric model uncertainties can be performed independently of observations, it is a suitable method to test the influence of environmental variability on model evaluation. In this study, the sensitivities and uncertainty of a physically-based mountain permafrost model are quantified within an artificial topography consisting of different elevations and exposures combined with six ground types characterized by their hydraulic properties. The analyses performed for all combinations of topographic factors and ground types allowed to quantify the variability of model sensitivity and uncertainty within mountain regions. We found that modeled snow duration considerably influences the mean annual ground temperature (MAGT). The melt-out day of snow (MD) is determined by processes determining snow accumulation and melting. Parameters such as the temperature and precipitation lapse rate and the snow correction factor have therefore a great impact on modeled MAGT. Ground albedo changes MAGT from 0.5 to 4°C in dependence of the elevation, the aspect and the ground type. South-exposed inclined locations are more sensitive to changes in ground albedo than north-exposed slopes since they receive more solar radiation. The sensitivity to ground albedo increases with decreasing elevation due to shorter snow cover. Snow albedo and other parameters determining the amount of reflected solar radiation are important, changing MAGT at different depths by more than 1°C. Parameters influencing the turbulent fluxes as the roughness length or the dew temperature are more sensitive at low elevation sites due to higher air temperatures and decreased solar radiation. Modeling the individual terms of the energy balance correctly is hence crucial in any physically-based permafrost model, and a separate evaluation of the energy fluxes could substantially improve the results of permafrost models. The sensitivity in the hydraulic properties change considerably for different ground types: rock or clay for instance are not sensitive while gravel or peat, accurate measurements of the hydraulic properties could significantly improve modeled ground temperatures. Further, the discretization of ground, snow and time have an impact on modeled MAGT that cannot be neglected (more than 1°C for several discretization parameters). We show that the temporal resolution should be at least one hour to ensure errors less than 0.2°C in modeled MAGT, and the uppermost ground layer should at most be 20 mm thick. Within the topographic setting, the total parametric output uncertainties expressed as the standard deviation of the Monte Carlo model simulations range from 0.1 to 0.5°C for clay, silt and rock, and from 0.1 to 0.8°C for peat, sand and gravel. These uncertainties are comparable to the variability of ground surface temperatures measured within 10 m × 10 m grids in Switzerland. The increased uncertainties for sand, peat and gravel is largely due to the high hydraulic conductivity.
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Hansen, C. Palnæs, J. P. Goetze, F. Stadil, and J. F. Rehfeld. "The metabolism of gastrin-52 and gastrin-6 in pigs." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 279, no. 3 (September 1, 2000): G552—G560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2000.279.3.g552.
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The kinetics and metabolism in various organs of three bioactive products of progastrin, the small sulfated and nonsulfated gastrin-6 and the large nonsulfated gastrin-52, were examined during intravenous administration in anesthetized pigs. The kidney, hindlimb, liver, head, and gut eliminated the hexapeptides efficiently, with a fractional extraction ranging from 0.50 to 0.28 ( P < 0.001–0.05). No metabolism was recorded in the lungs, and sulfation was without influence on the extraction of gastrin-6. Gastrin-52 was eliminated only in the kidney and the head, with a fractional extraction between 0.23 and 0.11 ( P < 0.01–0.05). The half-life of sulfated and nonsulfated gastrin-6 was 1.5 ± 0.4 and 1.4 ± 0.3 min, the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) was 80.8 ± 7.6 and 116.0 ± 13.5 ml · kg−1· min−1( P < 0.05), and the apparent volume of distribution (Vdss) was 199.3 ± 70.1 and 231.4 ± 37.3 ml/kg, respectively. The decay of gastrin-52 in plasma was biexponential. The half-lives of this biexponential after a bolus injection were 3.9 ± 0.5 ( T1/2α) and 25.7 ± 1.4 ( T1/2β) min, and the MCR and Vdsswere 4.2 ± 0.4 ml · kg−1· min−1and 116.2 ± 16.2 ml/kg1. We conclude that there is a differential elimination of progastrin products in splanchnic and nonsplanchnic tissue, which depends on the chain length of the peptides. Sulfation of gastrin-6 had no influence on the organ-specific extraction but reduced the MCR. Our results are in keeping with previous studies of nonsulfated gastrin-17, which is extracted in the kidney, head, limb, and gut but not in the liver.
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Kelly, Evelyn B., Deborah Parra-Medina, Karin A. Pfeiffer, Marsha Dowda, Terry L. Conway, Larry S. Webber, Jared B. Jobe, Scott Going, and Russell R. Pate. "Correlates of Physical Activity in Black, Hispanic, and White Middle School Girls." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 7, no. 2 (March 2010): 184–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.7.2.184.
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Background:A need exists to better understand multilevel influences on physical activity among diverse samples of girls. This study examined correlates of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among adolescent girls from different racial/ethnic backgrounds.Methods:1,180 6th grade girls (24.5% black, 15.7% Hispanic, and 59.8% white) completed a supervised self-administered questionnaire that measured hypothesized correlates of PA. MVPA data were collected for 6 days using the ActiGraph accelerometer. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to examine correlates of PA in each racial/ethnic group.Results:Hispanic girls (n = 185) engaged in 21.7 minutes of MVPA per day, black girls (n = 289) engaged in 19.5 minutes of MVPA per day, and white girls (n = 706) engaged in 22.8 minutes of MVPA per day. Perceived transportation barriers (+; P = .010) were significantly and positively related to MVPA for Hispanic girls. For black girls, Body Mass Index (BMI) (–; P = .005) and social support from friends (+; P = .006) were significant correlates of MVPA. For white girls, BMI (–; P < .001), barriers (–; P = .012), social support from friends (+; P = .010), participation in school sports (+; P = .009), and community sports (+; P = .025) were significant correlates of MVPA. Explained variance ranged from 30% to 35%.Conclusions:Correlates of MVPA varied by racial/ethnic groups. Effective interventions in ethnically diverse populations may require culturally tailored strategies.
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Lade, Poul V. "Reply to the discussion by Jefferies, Been, and Olivera on “Evaluation of static liquefaction potential of silty sand slopes” 1Appears in the Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 49(6): 746–750 [doi: 10.1139/t2012-039]." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 49, no. 6 (June 2012): 751–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t2012-046.
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Aufwerber, Susanna, Gunnar Edman, Karin Grävare Silbernagel, and Paul W. Ackermann. "Changes in Tendon Elongation and Muscle Atrophy Over Time After Achilles Tendon Rupture Repair: A Prospective Cohort Study on the Effects of Early Functional Mobilization." American Journal of Sports Medicine 48, no. 13 (September 28, 2020): 3296–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546520956677.
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Background: Early functional mobilization (EFM) may improve patient outcome after Achilles tendon rupture (ATR). However, whether EFM affects patient outcome via changes in tendon elongation, thickening, or calf muscle atrophy is unknown. Purpose: To analyze differences in tendon and muscle morphology recovery over time between groups treated with EFM or standard treatment after ATR repair. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 86 patients (20 women) with ATR repair who had a mean (SD) age of 39.3 (8.2) years and were part of a larger prospective randomized controlled trial. Patients were postoperatively randomized to immediate postoperative weightbearing and ankle motion (EFM group) or to immobilization in a below-knee plaster cast for 2 weeks (control group). Patient-reported and functional outcomes were assessed at 6 and 12 months with the Achilles Tendon Total Rupture Score and the heel-rise test for endurance. At 2 and 6 weeks and 6 and 12 months postoperatively, B-mode ultrasound imaging was performed to assess the length and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the Achilles tendon, the gastrocnemius CSA, as well as the thickness of soleus. Results: The Achilles Tendon Total Rupture Score for the EFM and control groups were 65.8 (18.7) and 56.8 (20.1; P = .045), respectively, at 6 months and 79.6 (15.8) and 78.9 (17.2; P = .87), respectively, at 12 months. At 2 weeks, tendon elongation was significantly more pronounced in the EFM group as compared with the control group (mean side-to-side difference, 1.88 cm vs 0.71 cm; P = .005). Subsequently, tendon elongation increased in the control group while it decreased in the EFM group so that at 6 and 12 months no significant differences between groups were found. Mean Achilles tendon elongation at 1 year was 1.73 (1.07) cm for the EFM group (n = 55) and 1.67 (0.92) cm for the control group (n = 27), with a mean difference of 0.06 cm (95% CI, 0.54 to –0.42; P = .80). Achilles tendon CSA and calf muscle atrophy displayed no significant differences between the groups; however, significant changes were demonstrated over time ( P ≤ .001) in both groups. Conclusion: EFM results in more Achilles tendon elongation at early healing, but this difference subsides over time. EFM does not seem to affect patient outcome via changes in tendon elongation, thickening, or calf muscle atrophy. Registration: NCT02318472 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
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Yang, Wen Xiong, Bin Hu, and Cheng Wei Ma. "Research on the Temperature and Humidity Environmental Testing & Analysis of Closed Breeding Plant System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (December 2014): 1076–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.1076.
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In order to make a more accurate control of temperature and humidity on the Closed Breeding Plant System (CBPS), air temperature and relative humidity changing with time and spatial distribution were monitored by temperature and humidity sensors in different space points (22) of CBPS for 6 consecutive days. The results showed that during the Bright Period , the average temperature of CBPS was 26.2 ± 0.5 °C, in the regulation of the target range and Relative humidity is 77 ± 2%, slightly higher than the control target. During Dark Period, the temperature falled from 26 °C to 19 °C and the average relative humidity reached 99%, significantly higher than control target. We could use the air switch to reduce relative humidity of CBPS.
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Cooke, Keegan S., Adrienne Augustic, Jeanne Sloan, Linh Tran, Tara L. Arvedson, Todd Juan, and Barbra J. Sasu. "Fully Human Anti-Hepcidin Antibodies Mobilize Iron and Treat Inflammatory Anemia in a Mouse Model." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.626.626.
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Abstract Abstract 626 Iron maldistribution has been associated with multiple diseases including atherosclerosis, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders and the anemia of inflammation (AI). Hepcidin is a 25aa peptide that is the central mediator of iron homeostasis. It is produced in response to inflammation and is implicated in limiting the response to erythropoietin (EPO) even in the presence of adequate body iron stores. To further explore the role of hepcidin in inflammatory anemia, a novel EPO-resistant model of AI was developed in mice and the effects of a high affinity fully human anti-hepcidin antibody (12B9m; 2pM affinity) were examined. Since antibody 12B9m had low affinity for mouse hepcidin (10-20nM), human hepcidin (hHepc) knock-in mice were created. Strains were generated with either the mouse hepc1 gene or both hepc1 and 2 genes replaced with the single hHepc gene (HAMP). To induce inflammation and establish AI, mice were injected intraperitoneally with heat-killed Brucella abortus (BA: 3×108 particles/mouse): a procedure adapted from an inflammatory fatigue model. BA treatment led to increased serum levels of IL-6 (3818 ± 548 pg/ml versus <10 pg/ml in controls, p<0.0001) and hepcidin (216 ± 9 ng/ml versus 99 ± 6 ng/ml, p<0.0001) by 6 hours. Hypoferremia reached a nadir 3 days after BA treatment (total serum iron was 201 ±10 mg/dL versus 370 ± 19 mg/dL in controls, p<0.0001). Mice developed anemia, with hemoglobin (Hb) reaching a nadir 10-14 days after BA and returning to normal by day 28. Treatment with EPO (300 mg/kg 8 days after BA) had no effect on hemoglobin by day 14 (7.6 ± 0.4 g/dL in controls and 7.6 ± 0.5 g/dL with EPO; NS). Treatment with antibody 12B9m (5mg/mouse; n=6) increased serum iron at day 3 (907 ± 47 mg/dL versus 201 ± 10 mg/dL, p<0.0001) in AI mice, and restored response to EPO (day 14 Hb of 10.0 ± 0.4 g/dL versus 7.6 ± 0.5 g/dL for control antibody treatment; p<0.001, n=5). Early iron-dependent red cell parameters such as reticulocyte MCV were also increased (71.5 ± 5.2 fL versus 56.7 ±1.9 fL; p<0.05, n=5/group), presumably due to the increased iron availability. In a larger study, 12B9m treatment alone (without EPO co-administration) led to a significant increase in Hb (10.0 ± 0.5 g/dL versus 8.0 ± 0.3 g/dL for control antibody treatment; p<0.001, n=14/group). Treatment with 12B9m did not affect inflammatory cytokine induction (e.g., IL-6 levels at 6 hours post-BA of 4996 ± 487 pg/ml versus 3818 ± 548 pg/ml in the control antibody group: NS), indicating that neutralization of hepcidin alone was sufficient to allow an effective response to EPO. These data indicated that antibodies which neutralize hepcidin may treat AI by increasing serum iron availability for erythropoiesis. The ability to manipulate iron uptake and redistribution in vivo may also offer promise in other diseases where iron maldistribution is involved. Disclosures: Cooke: Amgen: Employment. Augustic:Amgen: Employment. Sloan:Amgen: Employment. Tran:Amgen: Employment. Arvedson:Amgen: Employment. Juan:Amgen: Employment. Sasu:Amgen: Employment.
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Whitney, R. D. "Armillaria Root Rot Damage in Softwood Plantations in Ontario." Forestry Chronicle 64, no. 4 (August 1, 1988): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc64345-4.
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Armillaria root rot. caused most likely by Armillaria obscura (Pers) Herink, killed 6-to 21-year-old white spruce, black spruce, jack pine and red pine saplings in each of 49 plantations examined in northern Ontario. Annual mortality in the four species over the last 2 to 6 years averaged 1.4%, 1.5%, 0.5% and 0.2%, respectively. In all but one of 25 white spruce and red pine plantations (43 to 58 years old) in eastern and southern Ontario. Armillaria root rot was associated with mortality. Accumulated mortality in white spruce and red pine (initially recorded in 1978) averaged 7.6% and 11.7%, respectively, as of 1986. Current annual mortality for all plantations ranged from 0% to 16%. Key words: root rot. Armillaria obscura, white spruce, black spruce, jack pine, red pine.
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Al-Wasel, Abdelrahman. "(281) Micropropagation of Trifoliate Orange Rootstock (Poncirus trifoliate Raf.)." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 1052C—1052. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1052c.
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In vitro propagation of trifoliate orange rootstock (Poncirus trifoliate Raf.) was achieved using axillary buds taken from new flushes of mature trees and then cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS). The addition of growth regulators [0.5 mg·L-1 gibberellic acid (GA3) or 0.1 mg·L-1 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.1 mg·L-1 indol-3-butyric acid (IBA)] were necessary to promote bud breakage and shoot elongation. Shoot proliferation was induced on MS medium supplemented with various levels of BA (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg·L-1) and α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (0.0, 0.1, and 0.5 mg·L-1). Maximal shoot multiplication (9.3 shoots/explant) and elongation (2.3 cm) occurred on media containing either 1.0 mg·L-1 BA alone or with 0.1 mg·L-1 NAA. Shoots rooted better and gave high root number (7.6 roots/shoot) and long roots (5.4 cm) when cultured on a liquid MS medium provided by 0.1 mg·L-1 NAA. Rooted shoots were successfully established in soil (≥90%).
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Wieser, M. E. "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 78, no. 11 (January 1, 2006): 2051–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200678112051.
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The latest evaluation of atomic weight determinations and other cognate data has warranted 16 changes for the standard atomic weights of the elements, Ar(E), from those published previously in the 2001 Table of Atomic Weights. The revised standard atomic weights are as follows: Ar(Al) = 26.981 5386(8), Ar(Bi) = 208.980 40(1), Ar(Cs) = 132.905 4519(2), Ar(Co) = 58.933 195(5), Ar(Au) = 196.966 569(4), Ar(La) = 138.905 47(7), Ar(Mn) = 54.938 045(5), Ar(Nd) = 144.242(3), Ar(P) = 30.973 762(2), Ar(Pt) = 195.084(9), Ar(Sm) = 150.36(2), Ar(Sc) = 44.955 912(6), Ar(Na) = 22.989 769 28(2), Ar(Ta) = 180.947 88(2), Ar(Tb) = 158.925 35(2), Ar(Th) = 232.038 06(2). A recommendation is made that δ13C values of all carbon-bearing materials be measured and expressed relative to Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB) on a scale normalized by assigning consensus values of -46.6 ‰ to L-SVEC lithium carbonate and +1.95 ‰ to NBS 19 calcium carbonate.
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Gercheva, Petya, R. H. Zimmerman, L. D. Owens, Christine Berry, and F. A. Hammerschlag. "PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT OF APPLE LEAF EXPLANTS INFLUENCES REGENERETION OF APPLE INFLUNCES." HortScience 28, no. 5 (May 1993): 544b—544. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.5.544b.
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Particle bombardment has been shown to be useful for genetic manipulation of many plants; however, a critical component for successful transformation is the ability of transformed cells to regenerate plants. This study describes factors that affect the regeneration efficiency of apple leaf explants following particle bombardment. Basal leaf segments of micropropagated `Royal Gala' apple were treated with 1μm gold particles (0.5 μg/10μl), accelerated at either 4.5, 6.2, 7.6, 9.3 or 13.8 MPa, and cultured on N6 salts + l0μM TDZ regeneration medium for 5, 10 or 20 days in the dark. Both microprojectile-treated and control explants exhibited 85-100% regeneration. However, only 30-60% of the explants bombarded at 7.6, 9.3 and 13.8 MPa had more than 10 regenerants and 6-10% had more than 20 regenerants, whereas for control explants and those bombarded at 4.5 and 6.2 MPa, 70-90% had more than 10 regenerants and 30-50% had more than 20.
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Siddiq, Amer, Abdul Khaliq Naveed, Nabila Ghaffar, Muhammad Aamir, and Naveed Ahmed. "Association of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines with Vitamin D in Hashimoto’s Thyroid Autoimmune Disease." Medicina 59, no. 5 (April 28, 2023): 853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59050853.
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Background and objectives: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is an important autoimmune thyroid condition. It is characterized by lymphocytic congestion of the thyroid gland followed by progressive deterioration and fibrous substitution of the thyroid in the parenchymal structure. This study has provided insight into the variations of blood pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in patients with Hashimoto’s disease and the key role of vitamin D levels among selected patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 144 participants including healthy controls and patients were studied in the current study in which 118 were female and 26 were male. The thyroid profile was evaluated in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and healthy controls. Results: The mean ± SD Free T4 in the patients was recorded as 14.0 ± 4.9 pg/mL, and TSH was 7.6 ± 2.5 IU/L, whereas the median ± IQR thyroglobulin antibodies (anti-TG) were 285 ± 142. Thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO) were 160 ± 63.5, whereas in the healthy controls, the mean ± SD Free T4 was recorded as 17.2 ± 2.1 pg/mL, and TSH was 2.1 ± 1.4 IU/L, whereas the median ± IQR anti-TGs were 56.30 ± 46.06, and anti-TPO was 5.6 ± 5.12. The assessment of pro-inflammatory cytokines (pg/mL) and total Vitamin D levels (nmol/L) in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis was recorded with values IL-1B 6.2 ± 0.8, IL-6 9.4 ± 0.4, IL-8 7.5 ± 0.5, IL-10 4.3 ± 0.1, IL-12 3.8 ± 0.5, TNF-α 7.6 ± 1.1, and total vitamin D 21.89 ± 3.5, whereas in healthy controls the mean ± SD IL-1B was 0.6 ± 0.1, IL-6 2.6 ± 0.5, IL-8 3.0 ± 1.2, IL-10 3.3 ± 1.3, IL-12 3.4 ± 0.4, TNF-α 1.4 ± 0.3 and total vitamin D was 42.26 ± 5.5. Conclusions: It was found that individuals with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis had raised serum levels of IL-1B, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α as compared to the healthy controls, whereas the total vitamin D levels were remarkably low as compared to health controls. Serum TSH, anti-TG, and anti-TPO levels were typically lower in controls and much higher in individuals with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. The current study’s findings might aid in future studies and in the diagnosis and management of autoimmune thyroid disease.
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Mujika, Iñigo. "Olympic Preparation of a World-Class Female Triathlete." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 9, no. 4 (July 2014): 727–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0245.
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Detailed accounts of the training programs followed by today’s elite triathletes are lacking in the sport-science literature. This study reports on the training program of a world-class female triathlete preparing to compete in the London 2012 Olympic Games. Over 50 wk, she performed 796 sessions (303 swim, 194 bike, 254 run, 45 strength training), ie, 16 ± 4 sessions/wk (mean ± SD). Swim, bike, and run training volumes were, respectively, 1230 km (25 ± 8 km/wk), 427 h (9 ± 3 h/wk), and 250 h (5 ± 2 h/wk). Training tasks were categorized and prescribed based on heart-rate values and/or speeds and power outputs associated with different blood lactate concentrations. Training performed at intensities below her individual lactate threshold (ILT), between the ILT and the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA), and above the OBLA for swim were 74% ± 6%, 16% ± 2%, 10% ± 2%; bike 88% ± 3%, 10% ± 1%, 2.1% ± 0.2%; and run 85% ± 2%, 8.0% ± 0.3%, 6.7% ± 0.3%. Training organization was adapted to the busy competition calendar (18 events, of which 8 were Olympic-distance triathlons) and continuously responded to emerging information. Training volumes were 35–80% higher than those previously reported for elite male and female triathletes, but training intensity and tapering strategies successfully followed recommended best practice for endurance athletes. This triathlete placed 7th in London 2012, and her world ranking improved from 14th to 8th at the end of 2012.
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Erhardt, Andreas. "Book Review: Advances in Insect Chemical Ecology. Ring T. Cardé and Jocelyn G. Millar (eds) (2004); Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 341 pp. Hardback. ISBN 0-521-792-4. Sterling £60.00." Journal of Insect Conservation 10, no. 3 (September 2006): 301–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10841-005-5433-6.
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