Academic literature on the topic '780/.23/73'

Objective: To compare trans-atrial/Trans-pulmonary and trans-annular/trans-ventricular techniques of surgical correction of tetralogy of fallot. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: AFIC-NIHD Rawalpindi, from Jan 2005 to Jan 2020. Methodology: Pre-op variables included age, gender, weight, SaO2 and any previous operation (like Modified Blalock Taussig Shunt.) Operative variables were any previous Blalock Taussig Shunts and if present, then their takedown, Cardiopulmonary Bypass Time, Aortic Clamp Time, any Right Ventricle - Pulmonary Artery conduit, Main Pulmonary Artery patch-plasty, Left Pulmonary Artery/ Right Pulmonary Artery patch-plasty, dosage of inotropes and pacing started during weaning off CPB. Post-op variables were mechanical ventilation time (hrs), ventilation time >72 hrs, dosage and duration of inotropes, pacing >24 hrs, renal complications, neurological complications, sepsis, low cardiac output, re-ventilation, tachyarrythmias, any re-opening surgery, mean intensive care unit stay (hrs), overall hospital stay (days) and overall all-cause mortality. Results: A total of 1271 TOF patients were operated. In (38.6%) cases Trans-atrial / Trans-pulmonary approach was used while in 780 (61.3%) correction was done by TAP/TV technique. In both techniques, male patients were 365 (66.4%) vs. 73 (64.1%) females. Mean age was 5 ± 2.3 vs. 4 ± 2.5 years, MPA patch-plasty was 190 ± 5 (38.6%) vs. 780 ± 8 (100%) (p-0.058), RPA/LPA Patch Plasty was 25 ± 6 (5%) vs. 180 ± 10 (23%) (p- 0.025), In ICU, Ventilation hours was 25 ± 8 and 30 ± 12, Ventilation >72 Hrs was 15 (3%) vs. 65 (8.3%) (p-0.015), Inotrope duration >72 Hours was 90 (18.3%) vs. 400 (51.2%) (p-0.338), pacing >24 hours was 30 (6.1%) vs. 150 (19.2%) (p-0.0001), renal complications were 10 (2.3%) vs. 35 (4.4%) (p- 0.285), Neurological complications were 7 (1.4%) vs. 15 (1.9%) (p0.553), Sepsis was 11 (2.2%) vs. 47 (6%) (p-0.33), Low cardiac output was 15 (3%) vs. 66 (8.4%) (p- 1.000), re-ventilation was 10 (2%) vs. 110 (14%) (p- 0.41), Tachy-arrhythmia was 25 (5%) vs. 150 (19.2%) (p- 0.11), re-openings were 19 (3.8%) vs. 65 (8.3%) (p- 0.0003), ICU stay (Hours) was 87 ± 8 vs. 108 ± 10, Mortality was 35 (7.1%) vs. 75 (9.6%) (p-0.094), Mean hospital stay (Days) was 12.2 ± 2.5 vs. 15.8 ± 4.9. Conclusion: Fifteen years’ experience of Tetralogy of fallot corrections at AFIC-NIHD indicates that Trans-atrial / Trans-pulmonary approach is more beneficial to patients due to high survival rate, less morbidity, less hospital stay and an early discharge. This ultimately translates into less financial burden on the patients, hospital, society and the country at large.

BackgroundSeveral mucosal immune defence polymorphisms have an impact on IgA production by plasma cells in the mucosa [1]. In this regard, these genetic variants have been previously reported as susceptibilitylocifor IgA nephropathy [1]. Given the pathophysiological similarities described between IgA nephropathy and Immunoglobulin-A vasculitis (IgAV) [2, 3], mucosal immune defence polymorphisms may also be implicated in the pathogenesis of IgAV.ObjectivesTo determine whether mucosal immune defence polymorphisms represent novel genetic risk factors for the pathogenesis of IgAV.Methods6 mucosal immune defence polymorphisms previously described as susceptibilitylocifor IgA nephropathy (ITGAM-ITGAXrs11150612,VAV3rs17019602,CARD9rs4077515,CFHR3.1-delrs6677604,DEFArs2738048 andHORMAD2rs2412971) were selected. These 6 genetic variants were genotyped in 300 unrelated Caucasian patients with IgAV (the largest series of Caucasian IgAV patients assessed for genetic studies) and 1,012 matched healthy controls. 36.1% of the IgAV patients developed renal manifestations.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were observed in the genotype and allele frequencies of mucosal immune defence polymorphisms when IgAV patients and healthy controls were compared (Table 1). Moreover, no statistically significant differences were disclosed in the genotype and allele frequencies of the 6 polymorphisms selected when patients with IgAV were stratified according to the presence/absence of renal manifestations (Table 1). Likewise, similar genotype and allele frequencies of these polymorphisms were disclosed in patients with IgAV stratified according to the age at disease onset and to the presence/absence of gastrointestinal manifestations.ConclusionOur results reveal that mucosal immune defence polymorphisms do not contribute to the genetic background of IgAV.References[1] Nat Genet 2014, 46, 1187-96[2] N Engl J Med 2002, 347, 738-48[3] N Engl J Med 2013, 368, 2402-14.Table 1.Genotype and allele frequencies of mucosal immune defence polymorphisms in controls, patients with IgAV as well as patients with IgAV stratified according to the presence/absence of renal manifestations.ChangeGenotypes, % (n)Alleles, % (n)Polymorphism1/2Data set1/11/22/212ITGAM-ITGAXrs11150612G/AControls40.2 (407)46.3 (468)13.5 (137)63.3 (1.282)36.7 (742)IgAV39.6 (113)43.2 (123)17.2 (49)61.2 (349)38.8 (221)IgAV with nephritisIgAV without nephritis33.0 (36)43.8 (77)44.0 (48)42.6 (75)22.9 (25)13.6 (24)55.0 (120)65.0 (229)45.0 (98)35.0 (123)VAV3rs17019602A/GControls59.8 (605)35.4 (358)4.8 (49)77.5 (1,568)22.5 (456)IgAV62.1 (177)34.0 (97)3.9 (11)79.1 (451)20.9 (119)IgAV with nephritisIgAV without nephritis62.4 (68)61.9 (109)35.8 (39)33.0 (58)1.8 (2)5.1 (9)80.3 (175)78.4 (276)19.7 (43)21.6 (76)CARD9rs4077515C/TControls38.4 (389)46.1 (466)15.5 (157)61.5 (1,244)38.5 (780)IgAV35.4 (101)49.5 (141)15.1 (43)60.2 (343)39.8 (227)IgAV with nephritisIgAV without nephritis35.8 (39)35.2 (62)45.9 (50)51.7 (91)18.3 (20)13.1 (23)58.7 (128)61.1 (215)41.3 (90)38.9 (137)CFHR3.1-delrs6677604G/AControls63.5 (642)31.1 (315)5.4 (55)79.0 (1,599)21.0 (425)IgAV63.9 (182)30.9 (88)5.2 (15)79.3 (452)20.7 (118)IgAV with nephritisIgAV without nephritis67.0 (73)61.9 (109)28.4 (31)32.4 (57)4.6 (5)5.7 (10)81.2 (177)78.1 (275)18.8 (41)21.9 (77)DEFArs2738048A/GControls51.8 (524)39.8 (403)8.4 (85)71.7 (1,451)28.3 (573)IgAV46.7 (133)42.8 (122)10.5 (30)68.1 (388)31.9 (182)IgAV with nephritisIgAV without nephritis50.5 (55)44.3 (78)40.4 (44)44.3 (78)9.1 (10)11.4 (20)70.6 (154)66.5 (234)29.4 (64)33.5 (118)HORMAD2rs2412971G/AControls27.4 (277)51.2 (518)21.4 (217)53.0 (1,072)47.0 (952)IgAV29.1 (83)52.3 (149)18.6 (53)55.3 (315)44.7 (255)IgAV with nephritisIgAV without nephritis30.3 (33)28.4 (50)47.7 (52)55.1 (97)22.0 (24)16.5 (29)54.1 (118)56.0 (197)45.9 (100)44.0 (155)AcknowledgementsThis study has been funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) through the project PI18/00042 and PI21/00042, co-funded by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), `Investing in your future´; VP-C: PI18/00042 from ISCIII, co-funded by ERDF; MSM-G is supported by funds of TRANSVAL22/01 from IDIVAL; RL-M: Miguel Servet type II programme fellowship from the ISCIII, co-funded by the European Social Fund (`Investing in your future´) [CPII21/00004].Disclosure of InterestsVerónica Pulito-Cueto: None declared, Sara Remuzgo Martinez: None declared, Fernanda Genre Romero: None declared, Belén Sevilla: None declared, Norberto Ortego: None declared, Maite Leonardo: None declared, Ana Peñalba: None declared, J. Narváez: None declared, Luis Martín-Penagos: None declared, Lara Belmar-Vega: None declared, Cristina Gomez-Fernandez: None declared, María Sebastián Mora-Gil: None declared, LUIS CAMINAL MONTERO: None declared, PAZ COLLADO: None declared, Diego de Argila: None declared, PEDRO RODRIGUEZ-JIMENEZ: None declared, Esther F. Vicente-Rabaneda: None declared, Esteban Rubio-Romero: None declared, MANUEL LEON LUQUE: None declared, Juan María Blanco-Madrigal: None declared, E. Galíndez-Agirregoikoa: None declared, Javier Martin Ibanez: None declared, Santos Castañeda: None declared, Miguel A González-Gay Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Lilly, Celgene, MSD and GSK, Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD, Jansen and Roche, Ricardo Blanco Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen and MSD, Consultant of: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen and MSD, Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD and Roche, Raquel López-Mejías: None declared.

In this paper, we review on diurnal variations of the foF2 ionospheric parameter predicted by the IRI-2012 model, and data from Ouagadougou ionosonde station located in the crest of the Equatorial Anomaly (Lat: 12.5°N; Long: 358.5°E, dip: 1.43°) during fluctuating geomagnetic activity conditions for the solar cycles 21 and 22. Our investigations are focused on the electrodynamic aspects, the influence of the ionospheric electric currents as well as the variations of the hourly values given by model and experimental measurements. A comparative study pointed out that the IRI-2012 model, through its URSI and CCIR subroutines, gives a good prediction of the critical frequency of the F2 layer between 0700 TL and 0000 TL. In addition, IRI -2012 tries to reproduce, as best as possible, the vertical drift E × B during minimum, decreasing phase, winter, and autumn. However, there is no effect of drift during the other seasons and solar cycle phases. A last, the model does not take into account the PRE phenomenon observed in autumn and the influence of the equatorial electrojet in this ionospheric zone.ReferencesAcharya R., Roy B., Sivaraman M.R., 2010. Dasgupta A. An empirical relation of daytime equatorial total electron content with equatorial electrojet in the Indian zone. J Atmos Terr Phys, 72(10), 774–780.Acharya R., Roy B., Sivaraman M.R.; Dasgupta A., 2011. On conformity of the EEJ based Ionospheric model to the Fountain effect and resulting improvements. J Atmos Terr Phys, 73, 779-784.Adeniyi J.O., Oladipo O.A., Radicella S.M., 2005. Variability of fof2 and comparison with iri model for an equatorial station. The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, IC/2005/085, http://www.ictp.it/~pub_off.Adeniyi1 J.O., Oladjipo O.A., Radicella S.M., 2005. Variability of foF2 and comparison with IRI model for an equatorial station. The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, IC/2005/085.Bilitza D., et al., 2014. The International Reference Ionosphere 2012-a model of international collaborationI. J. Space Weather Space Clim, 4, A07.Bilitza D., Reinisch B.W., 2008. International Reference Ionosphere 2007: Improvements and new parameters. Adv. Space Res, 42, 599–609.Farley D.T., Bonell E., Fejer B.G., Larsen M.F., 1986. The Prereversal Enhancement of the Zonal Electric Field in the Equatorial Ionosphere. J Geophys Res, 91(A12), 13,723–13,728.Faynot J.M., Villa P., 1979. F region at the magnetic equator. Ann Geophys, 35, 1–9.Fejer B.G., 1981. The equatorial ionospheric electric fields: A review. J Atmos Terr Phys, 43, 377.Fejer B.G., Farley D.T., Woodman R.F., Calderon C., 1979. Dependence of equatorial F region vertical drifts on season and solar cycle. J Geophys Res, 84, 5792.Legrand J.P., Simon P.A., 1989. Solar cycle and geomagnetic activity: A review for geophysicists. Part I. The contributions to geomagnetic activity of shock waves and of the solar wind. Ann. Geophys, 7, 565–578.Obrou K.O., 2008. Contribution à l’amélioration du modèle "International Reference Ionosphere" (IRI) pour l’ionosphère équatoriale. Thèse de doctorat Université de Cocody, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.Ouattara F., 2009. Contribution à l’étude des relations entre les deux composantes du champ magnétique solaire et l’Ionosphère Equatoriale. Thèse de Doctorat d’Etat ès Sciences, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal.Ouattara F., 2013. IRI-2007 foF2 Predictions at Ouagadougou Station during Quiet Time Periods from 1985 to 1995. Archives of Physics Research, 4, 12–18.Ouattara F., Amory-Mazaudier C., 2009. Solar–geomagnetic activity and Aa indices toward a Standard. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys, 71, 1736–1748.Ouattra F., Nanéma, 2014. Quiet Time foF2 Variation at Ouagadougou Station and Comparison with TIEGCM and IRI-2012 Predictions for 1985 and 1990. Physical Science International Journal, 4(6), 892–902.Oyekola O.S., Fagundes P.R., 2012. Equatorial F2-layer variations: Comparison between F2 peak parameters at Ouagadougou with the IRI-2007 model. Earth, Planets Space, 64, 553–566.Rishbeth H., 1971. The F-layer dynamo. Planet, Space Sci, 19, 263.Vassal J.A., 1982. The variation of the magnetic field and its relationship with the equatorial electrojet in Senegal Oriental. Annals of Geophysics, Tome French, 38.Zerbo J.L., Amory-Mazaudier C. Ouattara F., Richardson J., 2012. Solar Wind and Geomagnetism, toward a Standard Classification 1868-2009. Ann Geophys, 30, 421–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-30-421-2012.Zerbo J.L., Amory-Mazaudier C., Ouattara F., 2013. Geomagnetism during solar cycle 23: Characteristics. J. Adv. Res, 4(3), 265–274. Doi:10.1016/j.jare.2013.08.010.Zerbo J.L., Ouattara F., Zoundi C., Gyébré A., 2011. Solar cycle 23 and geomagnetic activity since 1868. Revue CAMES serie A, 12(2), 255–262.