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Journal articles on the topic '74Ge'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Song, N., S. Zhang, Z. H. Li, G. X. Li, Z. C. Gao, and H. K. Wang. "Influence of Neutrino–Nuclear Reactions on the Abundance of ⁷⁴Se." Astrophysical Journal 941, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aca328.

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Abstract The p-nuclei are supposed to be produced in different astrophysical processes, such as rapid-proton capture, photonuclear reaction, and neutrino-induced reaction. To date, their abundance cannot be reasonably explained. In the present work, the cross sections of the 74Ge (ν e , e −) 74As reaction are calculated with the theoretical and experimental B(GT) values, respectively. The abundance ratios between 74Se and 74Ge produced from the neutrino process (ν-process) are estimated based on the simple hypothesis for core-collapse supernova explosions. The results show that the upper limit of the 74Se and 74Ge abundance ratio resulting from the ν-process is about 36% of the value in the solar system.

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2

Itoh, Kohei, W. L. Hansen, E. E. Haller, J. W. Farmer, V. I. Ozhogin, A. Rudnev, and A. Tikhomirov. "High purity isotopically enriched 70Ge and 74Ge single crystals: Isotope separation, growth, and properties." Journal of Materials Research 8, no. 6 (June 1993): 1341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1993.1341.

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70Ge and 74Ge isotopes were successfully separated from natural Ge and zone purified. Several highly enriched, high purity 70Ge and 74Ge single crystals were grown by the vertical Bridgman method. The growth system was designed for reliable growth of low dislocation density, high purity Ge single crystals of very small weight (∼4 g). A 70Ge and a 74Ge crystal were selected for complete characterization. In spite of the large surface to volume ratio of these ingots, both 70Ge and 74Ge crystals contain low electrically active chemical net-impurity concentrations of ∼2 × 1012 cm−3, which is two orders of magnitude better than that of 74Ge crystals previously grown by two different groups.1,2 Isotopic enrichment of the 70Ge and the 74Ge crystals is 96.3% and 96.8%, respectively. The residual donors and acceptors present in both crystals were identified as phosphorus and copper, respectively. In addition, less than 1011 cm−3 gallium, aluminum, and indium were found in the 70Ge crystal.

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3

Yates, S. W., E. E. Peters, B. P. Crider, S. Mukhopadhyay, and A. P. D. Ramirez. "Relevance of the Nuclear Structure of the Stable Ge Isotopes to the Neutrino-less Double-Beta Decay of 76Ge." EPJ Web of Conferences 232 (2020): 04011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023204011.

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Gamma-ray detection following the inelastic neutron scattering reaction on isotopically enriched material was used to study the nuclear structure of 74Ge. From these measurements, low-lying, low-spin excited states were characterized, new states and their decays were identified, level lifetimes were measured with the Doppler-shift attenuation method (DSAM), multipole mixing ratios were established, and transition probabilities were determined. New structural features in 74Ge were identified, and the reanalysis of older 76Ge data led to the placement of the 2+ member of the intruder band. In addition, a number of previously placed states in 74Ge were shown not to exist. A procedure for future work, which will lead to meaningful data for constraining calculations of the neutrinoless double-beta decay matrix element, is suggested.

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4

Zhu, L. H., M. Cinausero, S. Lunardi, G. Viesti, D. Bazzacco, G. de Angelis, M. De Poli, et al. "Influence of the entrance channel in the fusion reaction 318 MeV 74Ge+74Ge." Nuclear Physics A 635, no. 3 (June 1998): 325–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(98)00168-7.

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5

Ait Ben Mennana, A. "Shape Coexistence in 74Ge, 74Se and 74Kr Investigated by Phenomenological and Microscopic Models." Bulgarian Journal of Physics 48, no. 5-6 (December 18, 2021): 475–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.55318/bgjp.2021.48.5-6.475.

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6

Toh, Y., T. Czosnyka, M. Oshima, T. Hayakawa, H. Kusakari, M. Sugawara, Y. Hatsukawa, J. Katakura, N. Shinohara, and M. Matsuda. "Coulomb excitation of 74Ge beam." European Physical Journal A 9, no. 3 (December 2000): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100500070019.

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7

Vlastou, R., S. Galanopoulos, C. T. Papadopoulos, M. Kokkoris, M. Serris, A. Lagoyannis, and P. Demetriou. "Isomeric Cross Section Study of neutron induced reactions on Ge." HNPS Proceedings 16 (January 1, 2020): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.2595.

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The72Ge(n,α)69mZn, 74Ge(n,α)71mZn, 76Ge(n,2n)75g+mGe reaction cross sections have been measured from 9.6 to 11.4 MeV and studied, along with data from litera- ture, within the frame of statistical model calculations by using the code EMPIRE-II.

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8

Sun, J. J., Z. Shi, X. Q. Li, H. Hua, C. Xu, Q. B. Chen, S. Q. Zhang, et al. "Spectroscopy of 74Ge: From soft to rigid triaxiality." Physics Letters B 734 (June 2014): 308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2014.05.069.

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9

Silveira, E., W. Dondl, G. Abstreiter, and E. E. Haller. "Raman scattering in annealed isotopic (70Ge) (74Ge) superlattices." Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures 2, no. 1-4 (July 1998): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1386-9477(98)00061-7.

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10

Büchner, W., and W. Wolfsberger. "Effekt der Germaniumisotope auf die chemische Verschiebung von 19F in Difluordimethylgerman und von 13C in Tetramethylgerman / Germanium Isotope Effect on the 19F Chemical Shift in Difluorodimethylgerm ane and the 13C Chemical Shift in Tetram ethylgermane." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 56, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 108–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2001-0119.

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Abstract An isotope effect of about -0.8 Hz at 188 MHz ( - 4 ppb) per two mass units on the 19F chemical shift in Me2GeF2 due to directly bonded 70Ge/ 72Ge/74Ge/76Ge has been observed. The analogous isotope effect on the 13C chemical shift in Me4Ge is about -0.045 Hz at 100.6 MHz (-0.45 ppb).

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11

Jia, H. M., C. J. Lin, F. Yang, X. X. Xu, H. Q. Zhang, Z. H. Liu, L. Yang, S. T. Zhang, P. F. Bao, and L. J. Sun. "Near-barrier fusion of32S+90,96Zr,16O+76Ge and18O+74Ge." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 420 (March 25, 2013): 012124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/420/1/012124.

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12

Fuchs, H. D., W. Walukiewicz, E. E. Haller, W. Dondl, R. Schorer, G. Abstreiter, A. I. Rudnev, A. V. Tikhomirov, and V. I. Ozhogin. "GermaniumGe70/74Ge isotope heterostructures: An approach to self-diffusion studies." Physical Review B 51, no. 23 (June 15, 1995): 16817–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.51.16817.

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13

Petö, G., and J. Kanski. "Photoemission studies of 74Ge+ implantation synthesized Si1−xGex amorphous alloys." Solid State Communications 121, no. 11 (March 2002): 585–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-1098(02)00060-1.

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14

Mertzimekis, T. J. "Investigation of the Transient Field at High Velocities by magnetic-moment measurements in 74Ge and 70Zn." HNPS Proceedings 18 (November 23, 2019): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.2560.

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The advent of radioactive beams at large experimental facilities has moti- vated extensive research work on the expansion of techniques to accommodate higher ion velocities. The application of the Transient Field technique in measuring magnetic moments of excited states in energetic nuclei is investigated at the INFN-LNS in Catania by means of re-measuring the g(2+1 ) factors in 74Ge and 70Zn. The description of the experiment method and some preliminary angular correlation results are presented.

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15

Hara, K. Y., T. Kin, M. Oshima, S. Nakamura, A. Kimura, M. Koizumi, and Y. Toh. "Prompt Gamma Rays Emitted from the Neutron Capture Reaction of 74Ge." Journal of the Korean Physical Society 59, no. 2(3) (August 12, 2011): 1832–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/jkps.59.1832.

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16

Andreev, B. A., L. V. Gavrilenko, Yu N. Drozdov, P. A. Yunin, D. A. Pryakhin, L. A. Mochalov, P. G. Sennikov, P. Bulkin, and P. Roca i Cabarrocas. "Raman spectra of amorphous isotope-enriched 74Ge with low-strained Ge nanocrystals." Thin Solid Films 552 (February 2014): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2013.12.014.

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17

Silveira, E., W. Dondl, G. Abstreiter, and E. E. Haller. "Ge self-diffusion in isotopic(70Ge)n(74Ge)msuperlattices: A Raman study." Physical Review B 56, no. 4 (July 15, 1997): 2062–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.56.2062.

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18

Uddin, Md Shuza. "Activation cross sections of some neutron-induced reactions in the energy range of 13.82–14.71 MeV." Radiochimica Acta 110, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2021-1085.

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Abstract The cross sections of the reactions 70Zn(n,2n)69mZn,74Ge(n,α)71mZn and 90Zr(n,2n)89m,gZr in the energy range of 13.82–14.71 MeV were measured by the activation technique in combination with HPGe detector γ-ray spectroscopy. The measured results were compared with other experimental data and with the data given in the library TENDL-2019. A nuclear model calculation based on the code TALYS-1.8 was also performed after adjustment of an input parameter for the spin distribution of level density. The results of this work strengthen the database and could be useful in further evaluation of the data.

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19

Ben Mennana, A. Ait, R. Benjedi, R. Budaca, P. Buganu, Y. EL Bassem, A. Lahbas, and M. Oulne. "Mixing of the coexisting shapes in the ground states of 74Ge and 74Kr." Physica Scripta 96, no. 12 (September 6, 2021): 125306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac2082.

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20

A., Al Rahmani A. "Proton momentum distributions and elastic electron scattering form factors for some Ge isotopes." Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 15, no. 32 (January 11, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v15i32.151.

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The proton momentum distributions (PMD) and the elasticelectron scattering form factors F(q) of the ground state for someeven mass nuclei in the 2p-1f shell for 70Ge, 72Ge, 74Ge and 76Ge arecalculated by using the Coherent Density Fluctuation Model (CDFM)and expressed in terms of the fluctuation function (weight function)|F(x)|2. The fluctuation function has been related to the chargedensity distribution (CDD) of the nuclei and determined from thetheory and experiment. The property of the long-tail behavior at highmomentum region of the proton momentum distribution has beenobtained by both the theoretical and experimental fluctuationfunctions. The calculated form factors F (q) of all nuclei under studyare in good agreement with those of experimental data throughout allvalues of momentum transfer q.

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21

Chen, Lu-Chang, Shang-Fu Chen, and Meng-Chyi Wu. "Effects of 72Ge/74Ge preamorphization combined with sub-keV boron implantation in pMOSFET fabrication." Solid-State Electronics 56, no. 1 (February 2011): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sse.2010.11.005.

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22

Elsharkawy, H. M., and M. Saleh Yousef. "Effect of deformation on the valence shell occupancies of 74Ge, 76Ge, 76Se and 78Se." Nuclear Physics A 959 (March 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2016.12.006.

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23

Holländer, B., S. Mantl, W. Michelsen, S. Mesters, A. Hartmann, L. Vescan, and D. Gerthsen. "Formation of unstrained Si1−xGex. layers by high-dose 74Ge ion implantation in SIMOX." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 84, no. 2 (February 1994): 218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(94)95758-4.

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24

Holländer, B., S. Mantl, W. Michelsen, and S. Mesters. "Formation of relaxed Si1−xGex layers on SIMOX by high-dose 74Ge ion implantation." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 80-81 (January 1993): 777–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(93)90680-5.

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25

Dun, Shaobo, Tiecheng Lu, Youwen Hu, Qiang Hu, Liuqi Yu, Zheng Li, Ningkang Huang, et al. "Effect of As doping on the photoluminescence of nanocrystalline 74Ge embedded in SiO2 matrix." Journal of Luminescence 128, no. 8 (August 2008): 1363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2008.01.005.

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26

Tõke, J., R. Płaneta, W. U. Schröder, and J. R. Huizenga. "Correlations between energy and mass partition in the damped reactionHo165+74Ge atElab=8.5 MeV/nucleon." Physical Review C 44, no. 1 (July 1, 1991): 390–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.44.390.

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27

Sandoli, M., A. Boiano, L. Campajola, A. De Rosa, A. D'Onofrio, G. Inglima, M. La Commara, et al. "Pre-equilibrium dipole excitation and γ-ray fragment angular correlation in the 32S +74Ge reaction." European Physical Journal A 6, no. 3 (November 1999): 275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100500050346.

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28

Wu, D., N. Y. Wang, B. Guo, C. Y. He, Y. Tian, X. Tao, T. L. Ma, et al. "New measurement of the 74Ge(p, γ)75As reaction cross sections in the p-process nucleosynthesis." Physics Letters B 805 (June 2020): 135431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135431.

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29

Levy, Shai, Issai Shlimak, David H. Dressler, and Tiecheng Lu. "Direct observation of a multiple-peak structure in the Raman spectra of 74Ge and 70Ge nanocrystals." Journal of Applied Physics 113, no. 4 (January 28, 2013): 044312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4789802.

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30

Patel, C. J., Q. X. Zhao, O. Nur, and M. Willander. "Photoluminescence of pseudomorphic SiGe formed by 74Ge+ ion implantation in the overlayer of silicon-on-insulator material." Applied Physics Letters 72, no. 23 (June 8, 1998): 3047–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121536.

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31

Wu, D., B. Guo, C. Y. He, W. P. Lin, Z. An, T. L. Ma, F. L. Liu, et al. "Determination of the 74Ge(p,γ)75As reaction rates in p-process nucleosynthesis with in-beam γ spectroscopy." Nuclear Physics A 1017 (January 2022): 122357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2021.122357.

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32

Krylov, V. A., А. Yu Sozin, A. D. Bulanov, О. Yu Chernova, T. G. Sorochkina, and L. B. Nushtaeva. "Determination of impurity composition of high-purity germane enriched with 74Ge isotope using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method." Аналитика и контроль 21, no. 1 (2017): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2017.21.1.007.

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33

Lucarelli, F., N. Gelli, P. Blasi, M. Cinausero, E. Fioretto, G. Prete, D. Fabris, et al. "High-energy gamma rays emission in coincidence with light charged particles from the32S +74Ge reaction at 210 MeV." Zeitschrift für Physik A: Hadrons and Nuclei 355, no. 1 (December 1996): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002180050075.

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34

Haque, M. M., M. T. Islam, M. A. Hafiz, R. U. Miah, and M. S. Uddin. "14.8 MeV Neutron Activation Cross Section Measurements for Ge Isotopes." Journal of Scientific Research 1, no. 2 (April 9, 2009): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v1i2.1532.

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The cross sections of Ge isotopes were measured with the activation method at 14.8 MeV neutron energy. The quasi-monoenergetic neutron beams were produced via the 3H(d,n)4He reaction at the 150 kV J-25 neutron generator of INST, AERE. The characteristics γ-lines of the product nuclei were measured with a closed end coaxial 17.5 cm2 high purity germanium (HPGe) detector gamma ray spectroscopy. The cross sections were determined with reference to the known 27Al(n,α)24Na reaction. Cross section data are presented for 72Ge(n,p)72Ga, 74Ge(n,α)71mZn and 76Ge(n,2n)75m+gGe reactions. The cross section values obtained for the above reactions were 24.78±1.75 mb, 1.69±0.11 mb and 860±50 mb, respectively. The results obtained were compared with the values reported in literature as well as theoretical calculation performed by the statistical code SINCROS-II. The experimental data were found fairly in good agreement with the calculated and literature data. Keywords: Activation cross section; Neutron induced reaction; Gamma-ray spectroscopy; 14.8 MeV. © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i2.1532

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35

Singh, Dharmendra, Mohammad Afzal Ansari, Rahbar Ali, Nooruddin P. M. Sathik, Bhupendra S. Tomar, and Mohammad Ismail. "Reaction Mechanism in 16O Ion Interaction with Light Nuclei 45Sc, 74Ge and Mass-Asymmetry Effect on Incomplete Fusion Dynamics." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 82, no. 11 (November 15, 2013): 114201. http://dx.doi.org/10.7566/jpsj.82.114201.

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36

Hostutler, David A., Tony C. Smith, Haiyang Li, and Dennis J. Clouthier. "The electronic spectrum, molecular structure, and oscillatory fluorescence decay of jet-cooled germylidene (H2C=74Ge), the simplest unsaturated germylene." Journal of Chemical Physics 111, no. 3 (July 15, 1999): 950–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.479187.

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37

Gautam, Manjeet Singh, Hitender Khatri, and K. Vinod. "Interplay of neutron transfer and collective degrees of freedom in the fusion dynamics of 16O +76Ge and 18O +74Ge reactions." International Journal of Modern Physics E 28, no. 01n02 (February 2019): 1950006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021830131950006x.

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This work examined the fusion dynamics of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] reactions within the framework of the static Woods–Saxon potential model, the energy dependent Woods–Saxon potential (EDWSP) model and coupled channel formulation. The effects of inelastic surface excitations, static deformation of colliding pairs and /or neutron transfer channels on fusion process are investigated through the coupled channel method. The calculations based upon static Woods–Saxon potential in conjunction with one-dimensional Wong formula strongly under predict the fusion data of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] reactions at sub-barrier energies. However, such discrepancies are removed if one uses couplings to nuclear structure degrees of freedom of reacting nuclei. The coupled channel calculations obtained by considering the vibrational nature of the colliding nuclei fairly reproduce the fusion data of [Formula: see text] reactions. For this reaction, the neutron transfer channels, which are expected to influence strongly the fusion yields at below barrier energies, in reality contribute very weakly to fusion process. While in case of [Formula: see text] reaction, the consideration of vibrational couplings as well as the rotational couplings for target provides a reasonable explanation to the fusion cross-section data at near and above barrier energies. In distinction, the energy dependence in the nucleus–nucleus potential causes barrier modulation effects and subsequently modifies the barrier profile of the interaction barrier in such a way that the effective fusion barrier between the colliding pair reduces. This ultimately brings larger fusion cross-sections over the outcomes of one-dimensional barrier penetration model and the EDWSP model based calculations appreciably explained the fusion dynamics of chosen reaction at energy spanning around the Coulomb barrier. Both models (EDWSP and coupled channel model) lead to barrier lowering effects and modeled quantum tunneling in different way, henceforth, adequately explore the fusion dynamics of the studied reactions in near and above barrier energy regions.

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38

Kumar, Sanjiv, G. L. N. Reddy, Pritty Rao, Rakesh Verma, J. V. Ramana, S. Vikramkumar, and V. S. Raju. "Indirect determination of Li via 74Ge(n,γ)75mGe activation reaction induced by neutrons from 7Li(p,n)7Be reaction." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 274 (March 2012): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2011.12.023.

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39

Lipskiy, Victor A., Vitaly O. Nazaryants, Tatiana V. Kotereva, Andrei D. Bulanov, Vladimir A. Gavva, Vasily V. Koltashev, Mikhail F. Churbanov, and Victor G. Plotnichenko. "Refractive index spectral dependence, Raman spectra, and transmission spectra of high-purity 72Ge, 73Ge, 74Ge, 76Ge, and natGe single crystals." Applied Optics 58, no. 27 (September 16, 2019): 7489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.58.007489.

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40

Krishnakumar, Sunanda, B. J. Shetty, and T. K. Balasubramanian. "Vibronic intensity distribution and isotope shifts in the A1Π—X1Σ+ transition of germanium monosulfide: investigations using 70Ge and 74Ge enriched isotopes." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 62, no. 4 (July 1999): 485–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-4073(98)00118-6.

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41

Herbots, N., B. R. Appleton, T. S. Noggle, R. A. Zuhr, and S. J. Pennycook. "Ion-solid interactions during ion beam deposition of 74Ge and 30Si on Si at very low ion energies (0–200 eV range)." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 13, no. 1-3 (March 1986): 250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(86)90512-4.

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42

Bhike, Megha, B. Fallin, Krishichayan, and W. Tornow. "Measurement of the neutron-capture cross section of 76Ge and 74Ge below 15 MeV and its relevance to 0νββ decay searches of 76Ge." Physics Letters B 741 (February 2015): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2014.12.004.

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43

Dearnaley, David P., Clare Griffin, Isabel Syndikus, Vincent Khoo, Alison Jane Birtle, Ananya Choudhury, Catherine Ferguson, et al. "Eight-year outcomes of a phase III randomized trial of conventional versus hypofractionated high-dose intensity modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer (CRUK/06/016): Update from the CHHiP Trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2020): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.6_suppl.325.

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325 Background: CHHiP is a non-inferiority trial to determine efficacy and safety of hypofractionated radiotherapy for localised prostate cancer (PCa). Five year results indicated that moderate hypofractionation of 60 Gray (Gy)/20 fractions (f) was non-inferior to 74Gy/37f (Lancet Oncology, 2016). Moderate hypofractionation is now an international standard of care but with patients remaining at risk of recurrence for many years, information on long-term outcomes is important. Here we report pre-planned analysis of 8 year outcomes. Methods: Between October 2002 and June 2011, 3216 men with node negative T1b-T3a localised PCa with risk of seminal vesical involvement ≤30% were randomised (1:1:1 ratio) to 74Gy/37f (control), 60Gy/20f or 57Gy/19f. Androgen deprivation began at least 3 months prior to radiotherapy (RT) and continued until end of RT. The primary endpoint was time to biochemical failure (Phoenix consensus guidelines) or clinical failure (BCF). The non-inferiority design specified a critical hazard ratio (HR) of 1.208 for each hypofractionated schedule compared to 74Gy/37f. Late toxicity was assessed at 5 years by RTOG and LENT-SOM scales. Analysis was by intention-to-treat. Results: With a median follow up of 9.2 years, 8 year BCF-free rates (95% CI) were 74Gy: 80.6% (77.9%, 83.0%); 60Gy: 83.7% (81.2%, 85.9%) and 57Gy: 78.5% (75.8%, 81.0%). For 60Gy/20f, non-inferiority was confirmed: HR60=0.84 (90% CI 0.71, 0.99). For 57Gy/19f, non-inferiority could not be declared: HR57=1.17 (90% CI 1.00, 1.37). Clinician assessments of late toxicity were similar across groups. At 5 years, RTOG grade≥2 (G2+) bowel toxicity was observed in 14/879 (1.6%), 18/908 (2.0%) and 17/904 (1.9%) of the 74Gy, 60Gy and 57Gy groups respectively. RTOG G2+ bladder toxicity was observed in 17/879 (1.9%), 14/908 (1.5%) and 17/904 (1.9%) of the 74Gy, 60Gy and 57Gy groups respectively. Conclusions: With BCF rates over 80%, long-term follow-up confirms that 60Gy/20f is non-inferior to 74Gy/37f. Late side effects were very low across all groups. These results support the continued use of 60Gy/20f as standard of care for men with localised PCa. Clinical trial information: 97182923.

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Finley, John W., Anna Duffield, Pengcheng Ha, Richard A. Vanderpool, and Christine D. Thomson. "Selenium supplementation affects the retention of stable isotopes of selenium in human subjects consuming diets low in selenium." British Journal of Nutrition 82, no. 5 (November 1999): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114599001592.

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Twenty-nine women and fifteen men from an area of low Se intake (South Island of New Zealand) consumed 100 μg stable 74Se, as selenate given in water after an overnight fast, and blood was collected for 3 weeks. They were then divided into five groups and supplemented with 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 μg Se/d (as selenomethionine) for 5 months. After 5 months, they received a second dose of 74Se identical to the first. Supplementation significantly altered retention of 74Se in the plasma, but not in the erythrocytes or platelets. Subjects receiving the placebo retained the greatest amount, and subjects receiving 30 μg supplemental Se/d retained the least 74Se. Supplementation resulted in relatively more isotope being retained in a medium molecular mass protein considered to be albumin, and relatively less in another fraction considered to be selenoprotein P. The lack of many observed changes in retention of stable Se, and the shift in retention among the plasma proteins, suggests that supplemental Se was not being used to replete critical pools of Se, probably because of adaptation to low Se intake.

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Dearnaley, David P., Isabel Syndikus, Helen Mossop, Alison J. Birtle, DJ Bloomfield, Clare Cruickshank, John Graham, et al. "Comparison of hypofractionated high-dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy schedules for prostate cancer: Results from the phase III randomized CHHiP trial (CRUK/06/016)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 2_suppl (January 10, 2016): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.2_suppl.2.

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2 Background: We aimed to explore the dose response relationship for two 3 Gray (Gy) hypofractionated radiotherapy (hRT) schedules for localised prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: hRT schedules of 60Gy/20 fractions (f) and 57Gy/19f were compared with conventional RT (cRT) 74Gy/37f; iso-effective for alpha-beta ratios of 2.5Gy and 1.5Gy respectively. The trial was powered to demonstrate non-inferiority between each hRT schedule and cRT, with 3,213 patients (pt) needed to rule out 5% inferiority (80% power, 1-sided alpha 5%) assuming 70% event-free rate in cRT, corresponding to a critical hazard ratio (HR) of 1.21. The trial was not formally powered to directly compare the two hRT schedules. Pt with N0 T1b-T3a localised PCa were randomized (1:1:1 ratio). The primary endpoint was PCa progression (freedom from biochemical failure by Phoenix consensus guidelines or PCa recurrence). Acute toxicity was assessed up to 18 weeks post treatment and late side effects to 5 years (yr) by RTOG, LENT-SOM and patient reported outcomes (PROs). Results: 3,216 pts were randomized between 2002 and 2011; 1,065 (74Gy), 1,074 (60Gy), 1,077 (57Gy). Baseline characteristics were well balanced across groups: median age 69 yr; NCCN risk group 15% low, 73% intermediate, 12% high. With median follow up 5.2yr, 5yr progression-free rate (95% CI) was 74Gy: 88.3% (86.0%, 90.2%); 60Gy: 90.6% (88.5%, 92.3%), 57Gy: 85.9 (83.4, 88.0); HR60/74: 0.83, 90% CI (0.68, 1.03), HR57/74: 1.20, 90% CI (0.99, 1.45). Significantly more events were observed with 57Gy compared to 60Gy; HR57/60: 1.44, 90% CI (1.18, 1.75), log-rank p=0.003. No significant difference in acute RTOG bladder or bowel toxicity was observed between hRT schedules. Late toxicity profile was favorable; with grade 2+ RTOG bladder (60Gy: 16/960 (1.7%); 57Gy: 11/962 (1.1%), p=0.34) and bowel (60Gy: 28/960 (2.9%); 57Gy: 17/962 (1.8%), p=0.10) toxicity at 2yr. Analysis of LENT-SOM and PROs supported these results. Conclusions: With 5 yr follow-up treatment with a 3Gy schedule of 60Gy/20f shows improved treatment efficacy compared to 57Gy/19f and is non-inferior to 74Gy/37f with a similar low level of acute and late normal tissue damage. Clinical trial information: ISRCTN97182923.

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Swanson, C. A., B. H. Patterson, O. A. Levander, C. Veillon, P. R. Taylor, K. Helzlsouer, P. A. McAdam, and L. A. Zech. "Human [74Se]selenomethionine metabolism: a kinetic model." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 54, no. 5 (November 1, 1991): 917–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/54.5.917.

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Abdulredha, Mohammed A., Nawal F. Naje, and Ekhlas Jawad Amer. "A comparison of cross sections for Selenium -73 radioisotopes produced by accelerators and reactors." AL-Kindy College Medical Journal 18, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v18i2.674.

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Background: Selenium-73 with half- life of 7.15 hour emits β+ in nature and has six stable isotopes which are ( 74Se,76Se,77Se,78Se,80Se and 82Se ). Selenium-73 has many applications in technology and radioselenium compounds of metallic have found various applications in medicine. Objective: To make a comparison between different reactions that produced cross sections of Se-73 radioisotopes. Subjects and methods: The feasibility of the production of Selenium -73 via various nuclear reactions was investigated. Excitation functions of 73Se production by the reactions of 75As (p,3n), 169Tm( d,x), 74Se, natSe, natBr (p,x) , 75As (d,4n), natGe (3He,x), 70Ge (α, n), and 72Ge (α, 3n) and neutron capture were calculated using the available data in the international libraries in accordance with SRIM code . Theoretical calculations of the thick target integral yields were deduced using the calculated cross sections by using Matlab program Results: When proton induced reaction on 75As, 74Se, natSe and natBr to obtain 73Se, the reaction 75As(p,3n) with range of energy (22.5 to 45.5 MeV) and the maximum cross section is 315 mb at 36.5 MeV gives maximum yield (2*106 GBq/C).while for the reaction 75As (d,4n) 73Se with range of energy (25 to 56 MeV) , and maximum cross sections is 30 mb at 43MeV gives (0.085*106 GBq/C). The three reactions natGe (3He,x) , 70Ge (α,n) and 72Ge (α,3n) show that the best reaction to obtain 73Se is 72Ge (α,3n) within the range of energy (27 to 46 MeV) and maximum cross sections 494 mb at 42MeV give the maximum yield (0.03*106 GBq/C). Conclusion: the use of proton as projectile is best compared with other particles in order to get maximum isotopes production yield of 73Se.

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Barabash, A. S., Ph Hubert, A. Nachab, and V. Umatov. "Search for EC and ECEC processes in 74Se." Nuclear Physics A 785, no. 3-4 (April 2007): 371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.01.002.

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Farouqi, K., K. L. Kratz, and B. Pfeiffer. "Co-Production of Light p-, s- and r-Process Isotopes in the High-Entropy Wind of Type II Supernovae." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 26, no. 3 (2009): 194–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/as08075.

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AbstractWe have performed large-scale nucleosynthesis calculations within the high-entropy-wind (HEW) scenario of Type II supernovae. The primary aim was to constrain the conditions for the production of the classical ‘p-only’ isotopes of the light trans-Fe elements. We find, however, that for electron fractions in the range 0.458 ≤ Ye ≤ 0.478, sizeable abundances of p-, s- and r-process nuclei between 64Zn and 98Ru are coproduced in the HEW at low entropies (S ≤ 100) by a primary charged-particle process after an α-rich freezeout. With the above Ye–S correlation, most of the predicted isotopic abundance ratios within a given element, e.g. 64Zn(p)/70Zn(r) or 92Mo(p)/94Mo(p), as well as of neighboring elements, e.g. 70Ge(s + p)/74Se(p) or 74Se(p)/78Kr(p) agree with the observed Solar-System ratios. Taking the Mo isotopic chain as a particularly challenging example, we show that our HEW model can account for the production of all 7 stable isotopes, from ‘p-only’ 92Mo, via ‘s-only’ 96Mo up to ‘r-only’ 100Mo. Furthermore, our model is able to reproduce the isotopic composition of Mo in presolar SiC X-grains.

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Baker, Emily G., Gail J. Bartlett, Matthew P. Crump, Richard B. Sessions, Noah Linden, Charl F. J. Faul, and Derek N. Woolfson. "Erratum: Corrigendum: Local and macroscopic electrostatic interactions in single α-helices." Nature Chemical Biology 11, no. 9 (August 18, 2015): 741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchembio0915-741e.

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